open-heavens/minerals.csv at master

2025-12-20 10:27:55 +08:00

2.5 MiB

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1	Mineral Name	Mineral Name (plain)	Valence Chemistry	IMA Chemistry	Valence Chemistry (concise)	IMA Chemistry (concise)	Chemistry Elements	IMA Number	Database ID	Structural Groupname	Crystal Systems	Space Groups	Valence Elements	IMA Mineral Symbol	Paragenetic Modes	Native Element	Color	Color Codes
2	Abellaite	Abellaite	NaPb2+2(CO3)2(OH)	NaPb2(CO3)2(OH)	NaPb_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)	NaPb^2+^_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)	Na Pb C O H	IMA2014-111	6482	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	P31c, P63mc	Na Pb^2+ C O H	Abe	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colourless to white	#afafaf,#ffffff
3	Abelloemringerite	Abelloemringerite	Cu2+2Pb2+2Mn3+Mn4+3O11(OH)(H2O)2·H2O	Cu2Pb2Mn3+Mn4+3O11(OH)(H2O)2·H2O	Cu_2_Pb_2_Mn^3+^Mn^4+^_3_O_11_(OH)(H_2_O)_2_·H_2_O	Cu^2+^_2_Pb^2+^_2_Mn^3+^Mn^4+^_3_O_11_(OH)(H_2_O)_2_·H_2_O	Cu Pb Mn O H	IMA2025-036	7598	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Imma	Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Mn^3+ Mn^4+ O H	Abem		No		#fdfdfe
4	Abelsonite	Abelsonite	Ni2+C31H32N4	NiC31H32N4	NiC_31_H_32_N_4_	Ni^2+^C_31_H_32_N_4_	Ni C H N	IMA1975-013	777	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Ni^2+ C H N	Abl	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals	No	Pinkish red, Purple, Reddish brown.	#f10c45,#800080,#7f2b0a
5	Abenakiite-(Ce)	Abenakiite-(Ce)	Na26Ce3+6(SiO3)6(PO4)6(CO3)6(S4+O2)O	Na26Ce6(Si6O18)(PO4)6(CO3)6(SO2)O	Na_26_Ce_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(PO_4_)_6_(CO_3_)_6_(SO_2_)O	Na_26_Ce^3+^_6_(SiO_3_)_6_(PO_4_)_6_(CO_3_)_6_(S^4+^O_2_)O	Na Ce Si O P C S	IMA1991-054	778	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	R3	Na Ce^3+ Si O P C S^4+	Abk-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Pale brown.	#b1916e
6	Abernathyite	Abernathyite	K(U6+O2)As5+O4·3H2O	K(UO2)(AsO4)·3H2O	K(UO_2_)(AsO_4_)·3H_2_O	K(U^6+^O_2_)As^5+^O_4_·3H_2_O	K U O As H		779	Natroautunite	tetragonal	P4/nmm, P4/ncc	K U^6+ O As^5+ H	Abn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
7	Abhurite	Abhurite	Sn2+21O6(OH)14Cl16	Sn2+21O6(OH)14Cl16	Sn^2+^_21_O_6_(OH)_14_Cl_16_	Sn^2+^_21_O_6_(OH)_14_Cl_16_	Sn O H Cl	IMA1983-061	780	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	R32	Sn^2+ O H Cl	Abh	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
8	Abramovite	Abramovite	Pb2+2Sn4+In3+Bi3+S2-7	Pb2SnInBiS7	Pb_2_SnInBiS_7_	Pb^2+^_2_Sn^4+^In^3+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_7_	Pb Sn In Bi S	IMA2006-016	5327	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Pb^2+ Sn^4+ In^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-	Abm	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals	No	Silver gray.	#a8a8a4
9	Abswurmbachite	Abswurmbachite	Cu2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)	Cu2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)	Cu^2+^Mn^3+^_6_O_8_(SiO_4_)	Cu^2+^Mn^3+^_6_O_8_(SiO_4_)	Cu Mn O Si	IMA1990-007	781	Braunite	tetragonal	I41/acd	Cu^2+ Mn^3+ O Si	Abs	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Black, Dark brown.	#000000,#73532a
10	Abuite	Abuite	CaAl2(PO4)2F2	CaAl2(PO4)2F2	CaAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_	CaAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_	Ca Al P O F	IMA2014-084	6382	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	P212121	Ca Al P O F	Abu	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	Colourless	#afafaf
11	Acanthite	Acanthite	Ag1+2S2-	Ag2S	Ag_2_S	Ag^1+^_2_S^2-^	Ag S		782	Acanthite	monoclinic	P21/n	Ag^1+ S^2-	Aca	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization	No	Lead gray, Gray, Iron black.	#8a7963,#808080,#263145
12	Acetamide	Acetamide	CH3CONH2	CH3CONH2	CH_3_CONH_2_	CH_3_CONH_2_	C H O N	IMA1974-039	783	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	R3c	C H O N	Ace	Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colorless, Gray.	#afafaf,#808080
13	Achalaite	Achalaite	Fe2+Ti4+Nb5+2O8	Fe2+TiNb2O8	Fe^2+^TiNb_2_O_8_	Fe^2+^Ti^4+^Nb^5+^_2_O_8_	Fe Ti Nb O	IMA2013-103	6262	Columbite	monoclinic	C2/c	Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O	Ahl	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Black	#000000
14	Achávalite	Achavalite	FeSe	FeSe	FeSe	FeSe	Fe Se		5363	Nickeline	hexagonal	P63mc, P63/mmc	Fe Se	Ahv	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	dark grey to black	#363737,#000000
15	Achyrophanite	Achyrophanite	(K,Na)3(Fe3+,Ti4+,Al,Mg)5O2(As5+O4)5	(K,Na)3(Fe3+,Ti,Al,Mg)5O2(AsO4)5	(K,Na)_3_(Fe^3+^,Ti,Al,Mg)_5_O_2_(AsO_4_)_5_	(K,Na)_3_(Fe^3+^,Ti^4+^,Al,Mg)_5_O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_5_	K Na Fe Ti Al Mg O As	IMA2018-011	6754	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	P2221	K Na Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Al Mg O As^5+	Aph	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	straw-yellow to golden yellow	#f0d696,#ffdf00
16	Acmonidesite	Acmonidesite	(N3-H4,K,Pb2+,Na)9Fe2+4(S6+O4)5Cl8	(NH4,K,Pb,Na)9Fe2+4(SO4)5Cl8	(NH_4_,K,Pb,Na)_9_Fe^2+^_4_(SO_4_)_5_Cl_8_	(N^3-^H_4_,K,Pb^2+^,Na)_9_Fe^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_Cl_8_	N H K Pb Na Fe S O Cl	IMA2013-068	6229	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	C2221	N^3- H K Pb^2+ Na Fe^2+ S^6+ O Cl	Acm	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Brown	#653700
17	Actinolite	Actinolite	Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2	☐Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2	[box]Ca_2_(Mg_4.5-2.5_Fe^2+^_0.5-2.5_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_	Ca_2_(Mg_4.5-2.5_Fe^2+^_0.5-2.5_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_	Ca Mg Fe Si O H	IMA2012 s.p.	784	Amphibole	monoclinic	C2/m	Ca Mg Fe^2+ Si O H	Act	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Green, Green black, Gray green, Black.	#00ff00,#373a3a,#86a17d,#000000
18	Acuminite	Acuminite	SrAlF4(OH)·H2O	SrAlF4(OH)·H2O	SrAlF_4_(OH)·H_2_O	SrAlF_4_(OH)·H_2_O	Sr Al F O H	IMA1986-038	785	Tikhonenkovite	monoclinic	C2/c	Sr Al F O H	Acu	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
19	Adachiite	Adachiite	CaFe2+3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)	CaFe2+3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)	CaFe^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_5_AlO_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)	CaFe^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_5_AlO_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)	Ca Fe Al Si O B H	IMA2012-101	6164	Tourmaline	hexagonal	R3m	Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O B H	Adc	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Brownish–purple to bluish–purple	#76424e,#703be7
20	Adamite	Adamite	Zn2+2As5+O4(OH)	Zn2(AsO4)(OH)	Zn_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)	Zn^2+^_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH)	Zn As O H		786	Andalusite	orthorhombic	Pnnm	Zn^2+ As^5+ O H	Ad	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow, Green, Violet, Pink, Yellowish green.	#ffff00,#00ff00,#9a0eea,#ffc0cb,#b0dd16
21	Adamsite-(Y)	Adamsite-(Y)	NaY(CO3)2·6H2O	NaY(CO3)2·6H2O	NaY(CO_3_)_2_·6H_2_O	NaY(CO_3_)_2_·6H_2_O	Na Y C O H	IMA1999-020	787	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1, P1	Na Y C O H	Ads-Y	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless, White, Pale pink, Pale purple.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#efcddb,#b790d4
22	Adanite	Adanite	Pb2+2(Te4+O3)(S6+O4)	Pb2(Te4+O3)(SO4)	Pb_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)(SO_4_)	Pb^2+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)(S^6+^O_4_)	Pb Te O S	IMA2019-088	6938		monoclinic	P21/n	Pb^2+ Te^4+ O S^6+	Adn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	beige	#e6daa6
23	Addibischoffite	Addibischoffite	Ca2Al6Al6O20	Ca2Al6Al6O20	Ca_2_Al_6_Al_6_O_20_	Ca_2_Al_6_Al_6_O_20_	Ca Al O	IMA2015-006	6412	Sapphirine	triclinic	P1	Ca Al O	Add	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates	No		#fdfdfe
24	Adelite	Adelite	CaMgAs5+O4(OH)	CaMg(AsO4)(OH)	CaMg(AsO_4_)(OH)	CaMgAs^5+^O_4_(OH)	Ca Mg As O H		788	Adelite	orthorhombic	P212121	Ca Mg As^5+ O H	Ade	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue gray, Green, Gray, Yellow, Light green.	#758da3,#00ff00,#808080,#ffff00,#76ff7b
25	Admontite	Admontite	MgB6O10·7H2O	MgB6O10·7H2O	MgB_6_O_10_·7H_2_O	MgB_6_O_10_·7H_2_O	Mg B O H	IMA1978-012	789	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/c	Mg B O H	Amt	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
26	Adolfpateraite	Adolfpateraite	K(U6+O2)(S6+O4)(OH)(H2O)	K(UO2)(SO4)(OH)(H2O)	K(UO_2_)(SO_4_)(OH)(H_2_O)	K(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)(H_2_O)	K U O S H	IMA2011-042	5970	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/c	K U^6+ O S^6+ H	Adp	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Sulphur-yellow to greenish yellow	#ccc050,#cdfd02
27	Adranosite	Adranosite	(N3-H4)4NaAl2(S6+O4)4Cl(OH)2	(NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2	(NH_4_)_4_NaAl_2_(SO_4_)_4_Cl(OH)_2_	(N^3-^H_4_)_4_NaAl_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_Cl(OH)_2_	N H Na Al S O Cl	IMA2008-057	5717	Adranosite	tetragonal	I41/acd	N^3- H Na Al S^6+ O Cl	Arn	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Colorless, white	#afafaf,#ffffff
28	Adranosite-(Fe)	Adranosite-(Fe)	(N3-H4)4NaFe3+2(S6+O4)4Cl(OH)2	(NH4)4NaFe2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2	(NH_4_)_4_NaFe_2_(SO_4_)_4_Cl(OH)_2_	(N^3-^H_4_)_4_NaFe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_Cl(OH)_2_	N H Na Fe S O Cl	IMA2011-006	5936	Adranosite	tetragonal	I41/acd	N^3- H Na Fe^3+ S^6+ O Cl	Arn-Fe	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	pale yellow	#eecf9e
29	Adrianite	Adrianite	Ca12(Al4Mg3Si7)O32Cl6	Ca12(Al4Mg3Si7)O32Cl6	Ca_12_(Al_4_Mg_3_Si_7_)O_32_Cl_6_	Ca_12_(Al_4_Mg_3_Si_7_)O_32_Cl_6_	Ca Al Mg Si O Cl	IMA2014-028	6322		cubic	I43d	Ca Al Mg Si O Cl	Adt	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No		#fdfdfe
30	Aegirine	Aegirine	NaFe3+Si2O6	NaFe3+Si2O6	NaFe^3+^Si_2_O_6_	NaFe^3+^Si_2_O_6_	Na Fe Si O	IMA1998 s.p.	790	Pyroxene	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Fe^3+ Si O	Aeg	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Green, Greenish black, Reddish brown, Black.	#00ff00,#454445,#7f2b0a,#000000
31	Aegirine-augite	Aegirine-augite	(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6	(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6	(Ca,Na)(Fe^3+^,Mg,Fe^2+^)Si_2_O_6_	(Ca,Na)(Fe^3+^,Mg,Fe^2+^)Si_2_O_6_	Ca Na Fe Mg Si O	IMA1988 s.p.	4919	Pyroxene	monoclinic	C2/c	Ca Na Fe^3+ Mg Fe^2+ Si O	Aeg-Aug	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Dark green, Black, Green, Pale greenish yellow, Greenish gray.	#033500,#000000,#00ff00,#69b076,#96ae8d
32	Aenigmatite	Aenigmatite	Na4(Fe2+10Ti4+2)O4[Si12O36]	Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]	Na_4_[Fe^2+^_10_Ti_2_]O_4_[Si_12_O_36_]	Na_4_(Fe^2+^_10_Ti^4+^_2_)O_4_[Si_12_O_36_]	Na Fe Ti O Si	IMA1967 s.p.	791	Sapphirine	triclinic	P1	Na Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O Si	Aen	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Brown, Black.	#653700,#000000
33	Aerinite	Aerinite	(Ca,Na)6(Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg,Al)4(Al,Mg)6Si12O36(OH)12(CO3)·12H2O	(Ca,Na)6(Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg,Al)4(Al,Mg)6Si12O36(OH)12(CO3)·12H2O	(Ca,Na)_6_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Mg,Al)_4_(Al,Mg)_6_Si_12_O_36_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·12H_2_O	(Ca,Na)_6_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Mg,Al)_4_(Al,Mg)_6_Si_12_O_36_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·12H_2_O	Ca Na Fe Mg Al Si O H C	IMA1988 s.p.	792	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	P3c1	Ca Na Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Mg Al Si O H C	Aer	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals	No	Blue, Blue green, Sky blue.	#0000ff,#137e6d,#9fb9e2
34	Aerugite	Aerugite	Ni2+8.5(As5+O4)2As5+O8	Ni8.5(AsO4)2As5+O8	Ni_8.5_(AsO_4_)_2_As^5+^O_8_	Ni^2+^_8.5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_As^5+^O_8_	Ni As O	IMA1965 s.p.	4876	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	R3m	Ni^2+ As^5+ O	Aru	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Deep blue green, Green.	#040273,#00ff00
35	Aeschynite-(Ce)	Aeschynite-(Ce)	Ce3+(Ti4+Nb5+)O6	Ce(TiNb)O6	Ce(TiNb)O_6_	Ce^3+^(Ti^4+^Nb^5+^)O_6_	Ce Ti Nb O	IMA1987 s.p.	793	Aeschynite	orthorhombic		Ce^3+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O	Aes-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Brown, Brownish black, Yellow, Black.	#653700,#413936,#ffff00,#000000
36	Aeschynite-(Nd)	Aeschynite-(Nd)	Nd(Ti4+Nb5+)O6	Nd(TiNb)O6	Nd(TiNb)O_6_	Nd(Ti^4+^Nb^5+^)O_6_	Nd Ti Nb O	IMA1987 s.p.	794	Aeschynite	orthorhombic	Pbmn, Pncm	Nd Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O	Aes-Nd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Brown.	#653700
37	Aeschynite-(Y)	Aeschynite-(Y)	Y(Ti4+Nb5+)O6	Y(TiNb)O6	Y(TiNb)O_6_	Y(Ti^4+^Nb^5+^)O_6_	Y Ti Nb O	IMA1987 s.p.	795	Aeschynite	orthorhombic	Pbnm, Pnma	Y Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O	Aes-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Black, Brownish black, Brown, Brownish yellow, Yellowish.	#000000,#413936,#653700,#c9b003,#faee66
38	Afghanite	Afghanite	(Na,K)22Ca10(Si24Al24)O96(S6+O4)6Cl6	(Na,K)22Ca10(Si24Al24)O96(SO4)6Cl6	(Na,K)_22_Ca_10_(Si_24_Al_24_)O_96_(SO_4_)_6_Cl_6_	(Na,K)_22_Ca_10_(Si_24_Al_24_)O_96_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_Cl_6_	Na K Ca Si Al O S Cl	IMA1967-041	796	Cancrinite-sodalite	hexagonal	P31c	Na K Ca Si Al O S^6+ Cl	Afg	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Blue, Colorless.	#0000ff,#afafaf
39	Afmite	Afmite	Al3(OH)4(H2O)3(PO4)(PO3OH)·H2O	Al3(OH)4(H2O)3(PO4)(PO3OH)·H2O	Al_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)·H_2_O	Al_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)·H_2_O	Al O H P	IMA2005-025a	5844		triclinic	P1	Al O H P	Afm	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless to white, weathering to cream or yellowish	#afafaf,#ffffff,#2c201a,#ffffc2,#faee66
40	Afwillite	Afwillite	Ca3(SiO4)(SiO2(OH)2)·2H2O	Ca3[SiO4][SiO2(OH)2]·2H2O	Ca_3_[SiO_4_][SiO_2_(OH)_2_]·2H_2_O	Ca_3_(SiO_4_)(SiO_2_(OH)_2_)·2H_2_O	Ca Si O H		797	Spurrite-Afwillite	monoclinic, triclinic	Cc, P1	Ca Si O H	Afw	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
41	Agaite	Agaite	Pb2+3Cu2+Te6+O5(OH)2(CO3)	Pb3Cu2+Te6+O5(OH)2(CO3)	Pb_3_Cu^2+^Te^6+^O_5_(OH)_2_(CO_3_)	Pb^2+^_3_Cu^2+^Te^6+^O_5_(OH)_2_(CO_3_)	Pb Cu Te O H C	IMA2011-115	6058	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Pca21	Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H C	Aga	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue	#0000ff
42	Agakhanovite-(Y)	Agakhanovite-(Y)	YCa☐2KBe3Si12O30	YCa☐2KBe3Si12O30	YCa[box]_2_KBe_3_Si_12_O_30_	YCa[box]_2_KBe_3_Si_12_O_30_	Y Ca K Be Si O	IMA2013-090	6248	Milarite	hexagonal	P6/mcc	Y Ca K Be Si O	Agk-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Colorless	#afafaf
43	Agardite-(Ce)	Agardite-(Ce)	Cu2+6Ce3+(As5+O4)3(OH)6·3H2O	CeCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O	CeCu^2+^_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O	Cu^2+^_6_Ce^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O	Ce Cu As O H	IMA2003-030	799	Mixite	hexagonal	P63/m	Cu^2+ Ce^3+ As^5+ O H	Agr-Ce	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow green.	#c8fd3d
44	Agardite-(La)	Agardite-(La)	Cu2+6La3+(As5+O4)3(OH)6·3H2O	LaCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O	LaCu^2+^_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O	Cu^2+^_6_La^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O	La Cu As O H	IMA1980-092	801	Mixite	hexagonal	P63/m	Cu^2+ La^3+ As^5+ O H	Agr-La	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, Yellowish green, Blue.	#afafaf,#b0dd16,#0000ff
45	Agardite-(Nd)	Agardite-(Nd)	Cu2+6Nd(As5+O4)3(OH)6·3H2O	NdCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O	NdCu^2+^_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O	Cu^2+^_6_Nd(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O	Nd Cu As O H	IMA2010-056	802	Mixite	hexagonal	P63/m	Cu^2+ Nd As^5+ O H	Agr-Nd	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Grass green, Sky blue.	#419c03,#9fb9e2
46	Agardite-(Y)	Agardite-(Y)	Cu2+6Y(As5+O4)3(OH)6·3H2O	YCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O	YCu^2+^_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O	Cu^2+^_6_Y(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O	Y Cu As O H	IMA1968-021, IMA1987 s.p.	803	Mixite	hexagonal	P63/m	Cu^2+ Y As^5+ O H	Agr-Y	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue green, Blue.	#137e6d,#0000ff
47	Agmantinite	Agmantinite	Ag1+2Mn2+Sn4+S2-4	Ag2MnSnS4	Ag_2_MnSnS_4_	Ag^1+^_2_Mn^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_4_	Ag Mn Sn S	IMA2014-083	6381	Wurtzite	monoclinic, orthorhombic	Pn, P21nm	Ag^1+ Mn^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-	Agm	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Orange–red	#fe4401
48	Agrellite	Agrellite	NaCa2Si4O10F	NaCa2Si4O10F	NaCa_2_Si_4_O_10_F	NaCa_2_Si_4_O_10_F	Na Ca Si O F	IMA1973-032	804	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Na Ca Si O F	Are	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	White, Grayish white, Greenish white.	#ffffff,#d6dee9,#d1f1de
49	Agricolaite	Agricolaite	K4(U6+O2)(CO3)3	K4(UO2)(CO3)3	K_4_(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_	K_4_(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_	K U O C	IMA2009-081	5810	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/c	K U^6+ O C	Agc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow	#ffff00
50	Agrinierite	Agrinierite	K2Ca[(U6+O2)3O3(OH)2]2·5H2O	K2Ca[(UO2)3O3(OH)2]2·5H2O	K_2_Ca[(UO_2_)_3_O_3_(OH)_2_]_2_·5H_2_O	K_2_Ca[(U^6+^O_2_)_3_O_3_(OH)_2_]_2_·5H_2_O	K Ca U O H	IMA1971-046	805	Compreignacite	orthorhombic	F2mm	K Ca U^6+ O H	Agn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Orange.	#ffa500
51	Aguilarite	Aguilarite	Ag1+4Se2-S2-	Ag4SeS	Ag_4_SeS	Ag^1+^_4_Se^2-^S^2-^	Ag Se S		806	Acanthite	orthorhombic, monoclinic	P212121, P21/n	Ag^1+ Se^2- S^2-	Agu	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray, Iron gray, Black.	#808080,#7c7f7c,#000000
52	Aheylite	Aheylite	Fe2+Al6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O	Fe2+Al6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O	Fe^2+^Al_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O	Fe^2+^Al_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O	Fe Al P O H	IMA1984-036	807	Turquoise	triclinic	P1	Fe^2+ Al P O H	Ahe	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue green.	#137e6d
53	Ahlfeldite	Ahlfeldite	Ni2+Se4+O3·2H2O	Ni(SeO3)·2H2O	Ni(SeO_3_)·2H_2_O	Ni^2+^Se^4+^O_3_·2H_2_O	Ni Se O H		808	Cobaltomenite	monoclinic	P21/n	Ni^2+ Se^4+ O H	Afe	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pink brown, Apple green, Red.	#67594c,#69b076,#ff0000
54	Ahrensite	Ahrensite	SiFe2+2O4	SiFe2O4	SiFe_2_O_4_	SiFe^2+^_2_O_4_	Si Fe O	IMA2013-028	6189	Spinel	cubic	Fd3m, Fd3m	Si Fe^2+ O	Ahr	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No	Bluish-green	#10a674
55	Aikinite	Aikinite	Cu1+Pb2+Bi3+S2-3	CuPbBiS3	CuPbBiS_3_	Cu^1+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_3_	Cu Pb Bi S		809	Meneghinite	orthorhombic	Pnma	Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-	Aik	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead gray, Grayish black, Reddish brown.	#8a7963,#555152,#7f2b0a
56	Aiolosite	Aiolosite	Na2(Na2Bi3+)(S6+O4)3Cl	Na2(Na2Bi)(SO4)3Cl	Na_2_(Na_2_Bi)(SO_4_)_3_Cl	Na_2_(Na_2_Bi^3+^)(S^6+^O_4_)_3_Cl	Na Bi S O Cl	IMA2008-015	5674	Apatite	hexagonal	P63/m	Na Bi^3+ S^6+ O Cl	Aio	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colourless to white	#afafaf,#ffffff
57	Airdite	Airdite	Sr(V4+O)2(PO4)2·4H2O	Sr(V4+O)2(PO4)2·4H2O	Sr(V^4+^O)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Sr(V^4+^O)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Sr V O P H	IMA2020-046	7052		monoclinic	Cc	Sr V^4+ O P H	Air	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	pale green	#69b076
58	Ajoite	Ajoite	K3Cu2+20Al3Si29O76(OH)16·8H2O	K3Cu2+20Al3Si29O76(OH)16·8H2O	K_3_Cu^2+^_20_Al_3_Si_29_O_76_(OH)_16_·8H_2_O	K_3_Cu^2+^_20_Al_3_Si_29_O_76_(OH)_16_·8H_2_O	K Cu Al Si O H		810	Ajoite	triclinic	P1	K Cu^2+ Al Si O H	Aj	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue green.	#137e6d
59	Akaganeite	Akaganeite	(Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25·nH2O	(Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25·nH2O	(Fe^3+^,Ni^2+^)_8_(OH,O)_16_Cl_1.25_·nH_2_O	(Fe^3+^,Ni^2+^)_8_(OH,O)_16_Cl_1.25_·nH_2_O	Fe Ni O H Cl	IMA1962-004	811	Coronadite	monoclinic, tetragonal	I2/m, I4/m, C2/m	Fe^3+ Ni^2+ O H Cl	Akg	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	Brown, Rusty brown.	#653700,#935848
60	Akaogiite	Akaogiite	Ti4+O2	TiO2	TiO_2_	Ti^4+^O_2_	Ti O	IMA2007-058	5657	Baddeleyite	monoclinic	P21/c	Ti^4+ O	Aka	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals	No		#fdfdfe
61	Akasakaite-(Ce)	Akasakaite-(Ce)	CaCe3+(Al2Mn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	CaCe(Al2Mn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	CaCe(Al_2_Mn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)	CaCe^3+^(Al_2_Mn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)	Ca Ce Al Mn Si O H	IMA2025-001	7567	Epidote	monoclinic	P21/m	Ca Ce^3+ Al Mn^2+ Si O H	Ak-Ce		No		#fdfdfe
62	Akasakaite-(La)	Akasakaite-(La)	CaLa(Al2Mn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	CaLa(Al2Mn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	CaLa(Al_2_Mn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)	CaLa(Al_2_Mn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)	Ca La Al Mn Si O H	IMA2025-002	7569	Epidote	monoclinic	P21/m	Ca La Al Mn^2+ Si O H	Ak-La		No		#fdfdfe
63	Akatoreite	Akatoreite	Mn2+9Al2Si8O24(OH)8	Mn2+9Al2Si8O24(OH)8	Mn^2+^_9_Al_2_Si_8_O_24_(OH)_8_	Mn^2+^_9_Al_2_Si_8_O_24_(OH)_8_	Mn Al Si O H	IMA1969-015	812	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Mn^2+ Al Si O H	Akt	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Orange, Brown.	#ffa500,#653700
64	Akdalaite	Akdalaite	Al5O7(OH)	Al5O7(OH)	Al_5_O_7_(OH)	Al_5_O_7_(OH)	Al O H	IMA1969-002	813	Nolanite	hexagonal, orthorhombic	P63mc, Cmc21, P31c	Al O H	Akd	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	White.	#ffffff
65	Åkermanite	Akermanite	Ca2MgSi2O7	Ca2MgSi2O7	Ca_2_MgSi_2_O_7_	Ca_2_MgSi_2_O_7_	Ca Mg Si O		814	Melilite	tetragonal	P421m	Ca Mg Si O	Åk	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No		#fdfdfe
66	Akhtenskite	Akhtenskite	Mn4+O2	MnO2	MnO_2_	Mn^4+^O_2_	Mn O	IMA1982-072	815	Feroxyhyte	hexagonal	P63mc	Mn^4+ O	Akh	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Gray, Black.	#808080,#000000
67	Akimotoite	Akimotoite	MgSiO3	MgSiO3	MgSiO_3_	MgSiO_3_	Mg Si O	IMA1997-044	816	Corundum	hexagonal	R3	Mg Si O	Aki	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
68	Aklimaite	Aklimaite	Ca4[Si2O5(OH)2](OH)4·5H2O	Ca4[Si2O5(OH)2](OH)4·5H2O	Ca_4_[Si_2_O_5_(OH)_2_](OH)_4_·5H_2_O	Ca_4_[Si_2_O_5_(OH)_2_](OH)_4_·5H_2_O	Ca Si O H	IMA2011-050	5978	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/m	Ca Si O H	Akm	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals	No	Colorless or light-pinkish	#afafaf,#ffd1df
69	Akopovaite	Akopovaite	Al4Li2(OH)12(CO3)(H2O)3	Al4Li2(OH)12(CO3)(H2O)3	Al_4_Li_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)(H_2_O)_3_	Al_4_Li_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)(H_2_O)_3_	Al Li O H C	IMA2018-095	6825	Hydrotalcite	monoclinic	C2/m	Al Li O H C	Av	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	white or yellowish	#ffffff,#faee66
70	Akrochordite	Akrochordite	Mn2+Mn2+2Mn2+2(As5+O4)2(OH)4(H2O)4	MnMn2Mn2(AsO4)2(OH)4(H2O)4	MnMn_2_Mn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_4_	Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_Mn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_4_	Mn As O H		817	Akrochordite	monoclinic	P21/c	Mn^2+ As^5+ O H	Akr	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Reddish brown.	#7f2b0a
71	Aksaite	Aksaite	MgB6O7(OH)6·2H2O	MgB6O7(OH)6·2H2O	MgB_6_O_7_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O	MgB_6_O_7_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O	Mg B O H	IMA1967 s.p.	818	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Pbca	Mg B O H	Aks	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless, Gray, Light gray.	#afafaf,#808080,#d8dcd6
72	Aktashite	Aktashite	Cu1+6Hg2+3As3+4S2-12	Cu6Hg3As4S12	Cu_6_Hg_3_As_4_S_12_	Cu^1+^_6_Hg^2+^_3_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_12_	Cu Hg As S	IMA2008 s.p.	819	Nowackiite	hexagonal	R3	Cu^1+ Hg^2+ As^3+ S^2-	Ats	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Grayish black.	#555152
73	Alabandite	Alabandite	Mn2+S2-	MnS	MnS	Mn^2+^S^2-^	Mn S		820	Rocksalt	cubic	Fm3m	Mn^2+ S^2-	Abd	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites	No	Black, Lead gray, Brownish gray.	#000000,#8a7963,#86775f
74	Alacránite	Alacranite	As8S9	As8S9	As_8_S_9_	As_8_S_9_	As S	IMA1985-033	821	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P2/c	As S	Acr	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Orange to pale gray with rose-yellow internal reflections	#ffa500,#fdfdfe
75	Alamosite	Alamosite	Pb2+SiO3	PbSiO3	PbSiO_3_	Pb^2+^SiO_3_	Pb Si O		822	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P2/n	Pb^2+ Si O	Aam	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
76	Alarsite	Alarsite	AlAs5+O4	Al(AsO4)	Al(AsO_4_)	AlAs^5+^O_4_	Al As O	IMA1993-003	823	Quartz	hexagonal	P3121	Al As^5+ O	Ars	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colorless, Yellowish, Pale green, Bluish.	#afafaf,#faee66,#69b076,#2976bb
77	Albertiniite	Albertiniite	Fe2+(S4+O3)·3H2O	Fe2+(SO3)·3H2O	Fe^2+^(SO_3_)·3H_2_O	Fe^2+^(S^4+^O_3_)·3H_2_O	Fe S O H	IMA2015-004	6410	Albertiniite	monoclinic	P21/n	Fe^2+ S^4+ O H	Abt	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	colorless to yellowish	#afafaf,#faee66
78	Albite	Albite	NaAlSi3O8	Na(AlSi3O8)	Na(AlSi_3_O_8_)	NaAlSi_3_O_8_	Na Al Si O		824	Feldspar	triclinic, monoclinic	C1, C2/m	Na Al Si O	Ab	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM43 - Shear-induced minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	White, Gray, Greenish gray, Bluish green, Gray.	#ffffff,#808080,#96ae8d,#10a674,#808080
79	Albrechtschraufite	Albrechtschraufite	Ca4Mg(U6+O2)2(CO3)6F2·17H2O	MgCa4F2[UO2(CO3)3]2·17-18H2O	MgCa_4_F_2_[UO_2_(CO_3_)_3_]_2_·17-18H_2_O	Ca_4_Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(CO_3_)_6_F_2_·17H_2_O	Mg Ca F U O C H	IMA1983-078	825	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Ca Mg U^6+ O C F H	Asf	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Yellow green.	#c8fd3d
80	Alburnite	Alburnite	Ag1+8GeTe2-2S2-4	Ag8GeTe2S4	Ag_8_GeTe_2_S_4_	Ag^1+^_8_GeTe^2-^_2_S^2-^_4_	Ag Ge Te S	IMA2012-073	6132	Argyrodite	cubic	F43m	Ag^1+ Ge Te^2- S^2-	Alb	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No		#fdfdfe
81	Alcantarillaite	Alcantarillaite	[Fe3+0.5(H2O)4][CaAs3+2(Fe3+2.5W6+0.5)(As5+O4)2O7]	[Fe3+0.5(H2O)4][CaAs3+2(Fe3+2.5W6+0.5)(AsO4)2O7]	[Fe^3+^_0.5_(H_2_O)_4_][CaAs^3+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2.5_W^6+^_0.5_)(AsO_4_)_2_O_7_]	[Fe^3+^_0.5_(H_2_O)_4_][CaAs^3+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2.5_W^6+^_0.5_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_O_7_]	Fe H O Ca As W	IMA2019-072	6954	Walentaite	orthorhombic	Imma	Fe^3+ H O Ca As^3+ W^6+ As^5+	Alc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Lemon-yellow	#cfff04
82	Alcaparrosaite	Alcaparrosaite	K3Ti4+Fe3+(S6+O4)4O·2H2O	K3Ti4+Fe3+(SO4)4O(H2O)2	K_3_Ti^4+^Fe^3+^(SO_4_)_4_O(H_2_O)_2_	K_3_Ti^4+^Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_4_O·2H_2_O	K Ti Fe S O H	IMA2011-024	5952	Alcaparrosaite	monoclinic	C2/c	K Ti^4+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Apr	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	pale yellow	#eecf9e
83	Aldermanite	Aldermanite	[Mg(H2O)6][Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2(OH)6]·H2O	[Mg(H2O)6][Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2(OH)6]·H2O	[Mg(H_2_O)_6_][Na(H_2_O)_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_]·H_2_O	[Mg(H_2_O)_6_][Na(H_2_O)_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_]·H_2_O	Mg H O Na Al P	IMA1980-044, IMA2020-I, IMA2021	826	Aldermanite	orthorhombic, monoclinic	P21/c	Mg H O Na Al P	Adm	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
84	Aldomarinoite	Aldomarinoite	Sr2Mn3+(As5+O4)2(OH)	Sr2Mn3+(AsO4)2(OH)	Sr_2_Mn^3+^(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)	Sr_2_Mn^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)	Sr Mn As O H	IMA2021-054	7160	Brackebuschite	monoclinic	P21/m	Sr Mn^3+ As^5+ O H	Aldm	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Orange brown	#b16002
85	Aldridgeite	Aldridgeite	(Cd2+,Ca)(Cu2+,Zn2+)4(S6+O4)2(OH)6·3H2O	(Cd,Ca)(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O	(Cd,Ca)(Cu,Zn)_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O	(Cd^2+^,Ca)(Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O	Cd Ca Cu Zn S O H	IMA2010-029	5856	Devilline	monoclinic	C2/c	Cd^2+ Ca Cu^2+ Zn^2+ S^6+ O H	Adg	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Pale blue	#d0fefe
86	Aleksandrovite	Aleksandrovite	KCa7Sn4+2Li3Si12O36F2	KCa7Sn2Li3Si12O36F2	KCa_7_Sn_2_Li_3_Si_12_O_36_F_2_	KCa_7_Sn^4+^_2_Li_3_Si_12_O_36_F_2_	K Ca Sn Li Si O F	IMA2009-004	5736	Baratovite	monoclinic	C2/c	K Ca Sn^4+ Li Si O F	Asd	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	Colourless	#afafaf
87	Aleksite	Aleksite	Pb2+Bi3+2Te2-2S2-2	PbBi2Te2S2	PbBi_2_Te_2_S_2_	Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_2_Te^2-^_2_S^2-^_2_	Pb Bi Te S	IMA1977-038	4935	Tetradymite	hexagonal	P3m1	Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Te^2- S^2-	Alk	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Steel gray.	#43464b
88	Aleutite	Aleutite	[Cu2+5O2](As5+O4)(V5+O4)·(Cu2+0.5☐0.5)Cl	[Cu5O2](AsO4)(VO4)·(Cu0.5☐0.5)Cl	[Cu_5_O_2_](AsO_4_)(VO_4_)·(Cu_0.5_[box]_0.5_)Cl	[Cu^2+^_5_O_2_](As^5+^O_4_)(V^5+^O_4_)·(Cu^2+^_0.5_[box]_0.5_)Cl	Cu O As V Cl	IMA2018-014	6757	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/m	Cu^2+ O As^5+ V^5+ Cl	Aeu	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Dark red	#840000
89	Alexearlite	Alexearlite	Hg2+3(Mo6+O4)S2-2	Hg3(MoO4)S2	Hg_3_(MoO_4_)S_2_	Hg^2+^_3_(Mo^6+^O_4_)S^2-^_2_	Hg Mo O S	IMA2024-039	7553	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Pnma	Hg^2+ Mo^6+ O S^2-	Alx		No		#fdfdfe
90	Alexkhomyakovite	Alexkhomyakovite	K6(Ca2Na)(CO3)5Cl·6H2O	K6(Ca2Na)(CO3)5Cl·6H2O	K_6_(Ca_2_Na)(CO_3_)_5_Cl·6H_2_O	K_6_(Ca_2_Na)(CO_3_)_5_Cl·6H_2_O	K Ca Na C O Cl H	IMA2015-013	6418	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	P63/mcm	K Ca Na C O Cl H	Akmy	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colourless, white or grey	#afafaf,#ffffff,#808080
91	Alexkuznetsovite-(Ce)	Alexkuznetsovite-(Ce)	Ce3+2Mn2+(CO3)(Si2O7)	Ce2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7)	Ce_2_Mn(CO_3_)(Si_2_O_7_)	Ce^3+^_2_Mn^2+^(CO_3_)(Si_2_O_7_)	Ce Mn C O Si	IMA2019-118	7002	Biraite	monoclinic	P21/c	Ce^3+ Mn^2+ C O Si	Axk-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Brown to dark brown	#653700,#73532a
92	Alexkuznetsovite-(La)	Alexkuznetsovite-(La)	La2Mn2+(CO3)(Si2O7)	La2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7)	La_2_Mn(CO_3_)(Si_2_O_7_)	La_2_Mn^2+^(CO_3_)(Si_2_O_7_)	La Mn C O Si	IMA2019-081	6965	Biraite	monoclinic	P21/c	La Mn^2+ C O Si	Axk-La	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Brown to dark brown	#653700,#73532a
93	Alflarsenite	Alflarsenite	NaCa2Be3Si4O13(OH)·2H2O	NaCa2Be3Si4O13(OH)·2H2O	NaCa_2_Be_3_Si_4_O_13_(OH)·2H_2_O	NaCa_2_Be_3_Si_4_O_13_(OH)·2H_2_O	Na Ca Be Si O H	IMA2008-023	5682		monoclinic	P21	Na Ca Be Si O H	Alf	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks	No	Colorless	#afafaf
94	Alforsite	Alforsite	Ba5(PO4)3Cl	Ba5(PO4)3Cl	Ba_5_(PO_4_)_3_Cl	Ba_5_(PO_4_)_3_Cl	Ba P O Cl	IMA1980-039	827	Apatite	hexagonal	P63/m	Ba P O Cl	Afr	Abiotic, Biotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
95	Alfredcasparite	Alfredcasparite	Sr2Ti4+O(Si2O7)	Sr2TiO(Si2O7)	Sr_2_TiO(Si_2_O_7_)	Sr_2_Ti^4+^O(Si_2_O_7_)	Sr Ti O Si	IMA2023-024	7379	Melilite	tetragonal	P4bm	Sr Ti^4+ O Si	Afc		No	colorless	#afafaf
96	Alfredopetrovite	Alfredopetrovite	Al2(Se4+O3)3·6H2O	Al2(Se4+O3)3·6H2O	Al_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_·6H_2_O	Al_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_·6H_2_O	Al Se O H	IMA2015-026	6427	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	P62c	Al Se^4+ O H	Afd	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless	#afafaf
97	Alfredstelznerite	Alfredstelznerite	Ca4B16O16(OH)24·19H2O	Ca4(H2O)4[B4O4(OH)6]4(H2O)15	Ca_4_(H_2_O)_4_[B_4_O_4_(OH)_6_]_4_(H_2_O)_15_	Ca_4_B_16_O_16_(OH)_24_·19H_2_O	Ca H O B	IMA2007-050	5650	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Pca21	Ca B O H	Asz	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless	#afafaf
98	Algodonite	Algodonite	Cu1-xAsx (x ≈ 1/7)	Cu1-xAsx (x ≈ 0.15)	Cu_1-x_As_x_ (x ≈ 0.15)	Cu_1-x_As_x_ (x ≈ 1/7)	Cu As		828	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	P63/mmc	Cu As	Ago	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray, Silver white, Steel gray, Tarnishes dull bronze.	#808080,#e7e8e3,#43464b,#797b80
99	Alicewilsonite-(YCe)	Alicewilsonite-(YCe)	Na2Sr2YCe3+(CO3)6·3H2O	Na2Sr2YCe(CO3)6·3H2O	Na_2_Sr_2_YCe(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O	Na_2_Sr_2_YCe^3+^(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O	Na Sr Y Ce C O H	IMA2020-055	7069	Mckelveyite	triclinic	P1	Na Sr Y Ce^3+ C O H	Aws-YCe	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	pale yellow to yellow, lemon yellow, green yellow, orange-yellow, pale green to green, pale grey to grey, green grey, beige, and colourless	#eecf9e,#ffff00,#cfff04,#c6f808,#fdb915,#69b076,#00ff00,#fdfdfe,#808080,#7ea07a,#e6daa6,#afafaf
100	Alicewilsonite-(YLa)	Alicewilsonite-(YLa)	Na2Sr2YLa(CO3)6·3H2O	Na2Sr2YLa(CO3)6·3H2O	Na_2_Sr_2_YLa(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O	Na_2_Sr_2_YLa(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O	Na Sr Y La C O H	IMA2021-047	7153	Mckelveyite	triclinic	P1	Na Sr Y La C O H	Aws-YLa	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	pale pink to colourless	#efcddb,#afafaf
101	Aliettite	Aliettite	Ca0.2Mg6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·4H2O	Ca0.2Mg6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·4H2O	Ca_0.2_Mg_6_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O	Ca_0.2_Mg_6_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O	Ca Mg Si Al O H		829	Corrensite, Clay			Ca Mg Si Al O H	Ali	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	White, Dark green, Buff.	#ffffff,#033500,#f0dc82
102	Allabogdanite	Allabogdanite	(Fe,Ni)2P	(Fe,Ni)2P	(Fe,Ni)_2_P	(Fe,Ni)_2_P	Fe Ni P	IMA2000-038	830	Barringerite	orthorhombic	Pnma	Fe Ni P	Abg	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks	No	Light straw yellow.	#e3dbcd
103	Allactite	Allactite	Mn2+7(As5+O4)2(OH)8	Mn2+7(AsO4)2(OH)8	Mn^2+^_7_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_	Mn^2+^_7_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_8_	Mn As O H	IMA1980 s.p.	4920	Allactite	monoclinic	P21/a	Mn^2+ As^5+ O H	Ala	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Brown red, Greenish brown, Purple red, Pink.	#922b05,#696112,#990147,#ffc0cb
104	Allanite-(Ce)	Allanite-(Ce)	CaCe3+Al2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	CaCe(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)	CaCe(Al_2_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)	CaCe^3+^Al_2_Fe^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)	Ca Ce Al Fe Si O H	IMA1987 s.p.	832	Allanite, Epidote	monoclinic	P21/m	Ca Ce^3+ Al Fe^2+ Si O H	Aln-Ce	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Brown, Reddish brown, Black.	#653700,#7f2b0a,#000000
105	Allanite-(La)	Allanite-(La)	CaLaFe2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	CaLa(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)	CaLa(Al_2_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)	CaLaFe^2+^Al_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)	Ca La Al Fe Si O H	IMA2003-065	4939	Allanite, Epidote	monoclinic	P21/m	Ca La Fe^2+ Al Si O H	Aln-La	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brown, Black.	#653700,#000000
106	Allanite-(Nd)	Allanite-(Nd)	CaNdAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	CaNd(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)	CaNd(Al_2_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)	CaNdAl_2_Fe^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)	Ca Nd Al Fe Si O H	IMA2010-060	5902	Allanite, Epidote	monoclinic	P21/m	Ca Nd Al Fe^2+ Si O H	Aln-Nd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks	No	Dark brown to black	#73532a,#000000
107	Allanite-(Sm)	Allanite-(Sm)	CaSm(Al2Fe2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	CaSm(Al2Fe2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	CaSm(Al_2_Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)	CaSm(Al_2_Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)	Ca Sm Al Fe Si O H	IMA2023-114	7462	Allanite, Epidote	monoclinic	P21/m	Ca Sm Al Fe^2+ Si O H	Aln-Sm		No	Yellowish-brown	#9b7a01
108	Allanite-(Y)	Allanite-(Y)	CaYAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	CaY(Al2Fe2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	CaY(Al_2_Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)	CaYAl_2_Fe^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)	Ca Y Al Fe Si O H	IMA1966 s.p.	833	Allanite, Epidote	monoclinic	P21/m	Ca Y Al Fe^2+ Si O H	Aln-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brown, Black.	#653700,#000000
109	Allanpringite	Allanpringite	Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O	Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O	Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O	Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O	Fe P O H	IMA2004-050	5296	Wavellite	monoclinic	P21/n	Fe^3+ P O H	Apg	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pale brownish yellow.	#b1916e
110	Allantoin	Allantoin	C4H6N4O3	C4H6N4O3	C_4_H_6_N_4_O_3_	C_4_H_6_N_4_O_3_	C H N O	IMA2020-004a	7042		monoclinic	P21/c	C H N O	Aan	Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals	No	colourless	#afafaf
111	Allargentum	Allargentum	Ag1-xSbx (x=0.09-0.16)	Ag1-xSbx (x ≈ 0.09-0.16)	Ag_1-x_Sb_x_ (x ≈ 0.09-0.16)	Ag_1-x_Sb_x_ (x=0.09-0.16)	Ag Sb	IMA1970 s.p.	834	Allargentum	hexagonal	P63/mmc	Ag Sb	All	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Silver gray.	#a8a8a4
112	Alleghanyite	Alleghanyite	Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2	Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2	Mn^2+^_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_	Mn^2+^_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_	Mn Si O H		835	Humite	monoclinic	P21/b	Mn^2+ Si O H	Alh	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	White, Brown, Bright pink, Grayish pink.	#ffffff,#653700,#ffd1df,#c88d94
113	Allendeite	Allendeite	Sc4Zr4+3O12	Sc4Zr3O12	Sc_4_Zr_3_O_12_	Sc_4_Zr^4+^_3_O_12_	Sc Zr O	IMA2007-027	5629		hexagonal	P63/mmc, R3	Sc Zr^4+ O	Aed	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates	No		#fdfdfe
114	Allochalcoselite	Allochalcoselite	Cu1+Cu2+5Pb2+O2(Se4+O3)2Cl5	Cu1+Cu2+5PbO2(SeO3)2Cl5	Cu^1+^Cu^2+^_5_PbO_2_(SeO_3_)_2_Cl_5_	Cu^1+^Cu^2+^_5_Pb^2+^O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_Cl_5_	Cu Pb O Se Cl	IMA2004-025	5282	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/m	Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Pb^2+ O Se^4+ Cl	Acc	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Dark brown.	#73532a
115	Alloclasite	Alloclasite	Co3+(AsS)3-	CoAsS	CoAsS	Co^3+^(AsS)^3-^	Co As S		836	Marcasite	monoclinic	P21	Co^3+ As S	Acl	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Steel gray.	#43464b
116	Allophane	Allophane	Al2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O	Al2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O	Al_2_O_3_(SiO_2_)_1.3-2.0_·2.5-3.0H_2_O	Al_2_O_3_(SiO_2_)_1.3-2.0_·2.5-3.0H_2_O	Al O Si H		837	Allophane			Al O Si H	Alp	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals	No	White, Green, Blue, Yellow, Brown.	#ffffff,#00ff00,#0000ff,#ffff00,#653700
117	Alloriite	Alloriite	(Na,K,Ca)24(Na,Ca)4Ca4(Si,Al)48O96(S6+O4)4(S4+O3,CO3)2(OH,Cl)2(H2O,OH)4	(Na,K,Ca)24(Na,Ca)4Ca4(Si,Al)48O96(SO4)4(SO3,CO3)2(OH,Cl)2(H2O,OH)4	(Na,K,Ca)_24_(Na,Ca)_4_Ca_4_(Si,Al)_48_O_96_(SO_4_)_4_(SO_3_,CO_3_)_2_(OH,Cl)_2_(H_2_O,OH)_4_	(Na,K,Ca)_24_(Na,Ca)_4_Ca_4_(Si,Al)_48_O_96_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(S^4+^O_3_,CO_3_)_2_(OH,Cl)_2_(H_2_O,OH)_4_	Na K Ca Si Al O S C H Cl	IMA2006-020	5356	Cancrinite-sodalite, Cancrinite	hexagonal	P31c	Na K Ca Si Al O S^6+ S^4+ C H Cl	Aor	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
118	Alluaivite	Alluaivite	Na19(Ca,Mn2+)6(Ti4+,Nb5+)3Si26O74Cl·2H2O	Na19(Ca,Mn2+)6(Ti,Nb)3Si26O74Cl·2H2O	Na_19_(Ca,Mn^2+^)_6_(Ti,Nb)_3_Si_26_O_74_Cl·2H_2_O	Na_19_(Ca,Mn^2+^)_6_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_3_Si_26_O_74_Cl·2H_2_O	Na Ca Mn Ti Nb Si O Cl H	IMA1988-052	838	Eudialyte	hexagonal	R3m	Na Ca Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O Cl H	Aav	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brownish pink, Colorless.	#c27e79,#afafaf
119	Alluaudite	Alluaudite	☐NaMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)3	☐NaMnFe3+2(PO4)3	[box]NaMnFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_	[box]NaMn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_	Na Mn Fe P O	IMA1979 s.p.	839	Alluaudite	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O	Ald	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Brownish yellow, Green, Yellow, Black.	#c9b003,#00ff00,#ffff00,#000000
120	Almagreraite	Almagreraite	Cu2+Zn2+Mn4+3O8	CuZnMn4+3O8	CuZnMn^4+^_3_O_8_	Cu^2+^Zn^2+^Mn^4+^_3_O_8_	Cu Zn Mn O	IMA2025-025	7583	Nolanite	orthorhombic	Pmn21	Cu^2+ Zn^2+ Mn^4+ O	Alma		No		#fdfdfe
121	Almandine	Almandine	Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3	Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3	Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_	Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_	Fe Al Si O		840	Garnet	cubic	Ia3d, Ia3d	Fe^2+ Al Si O	Alm	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Brown, Brownish red, Red, Black, Black red.	#653700,#9e3623,#ff0000,#000000,#584043
122	Almarudite	Almarudite	K(☐,Na)2(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2[(Be,Al)3Si12]O30	K(☐,Na)2(Mn,Fe,Mg)2[(Be,Al)3Si12]O30	K([box],Na)_2_(Mn,Fe,Mg)_2_[(Be,Al)_3_Si_12_]O_30_	K([box],Na)_2_(Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^,Mg)_2_[(Be,Al)_3_Si_12_]O_30_	K Na Mn Fe Mg Be Al Si O	IMA2002-048	4940	Milarite	hexagonal	P6/mcc	K Na Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Mg Be Al Si O	Alr	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Yellow, Orange.	#ffff00,#ffa500
123	Almeidaite	Almeidaite	Pb2+Zn2+2(Mn2+,Y)(Ti4+,Fe3+)18O36(OH,O)2	PbZn2(Mn,Y)(Ti,Fe3+)18O36(OH,O)2	PbZn_2_(Mn,Y)(Ti,Fe^3+^)_18_O_36_(OH,O)_2_	Pb^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(Mn^2+^,Y)(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_18_O_36_(OH,O)_2_	Pb Zn Mn Y Ti Fe O H	IMA2013-020	6157	Crichtonite	hexagonal	R3	Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Mn^2+ Y Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O H	Amd	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Black	#000000
124	Alnaperbøeite-(Ce)	Alnaperboeite-(Ce)	(CaCe3+2.5Na0.5)Al4(Si2O7)(SiO4)3O(OH)2	(CaCe2.5Na0.5)(Al4)(Si2O7)(SiO4)3O(OH)2	(CaCe_2.5_Na_0.5_)(Al_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)_3_O(OH)_2_	(CaCe^3+^_2.5_Na_0.5_)Al_4_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)_3_O(OH)_2_	Ca Ce Na Al Si O H	IMA2012-054	6110	Gatelite	monoclinic	P21/m	Ca Ce^3+ Na Al Si O H	Apbø-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	grayish very pale green	#719f91
125	Alpeite	Alpeite	Ca4Mn3+2Al2(Mn3+Mg)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(V5+O4)(OH)6	Ca4Mn3+2Al2(Mn3+Mg)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(VO4)(OH)6	Ca_4_Mn^3+^_2_Al_2_(Mn^3+^Mg)(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(VO_4_)(OH)_6_	Ca_4_Mn^3+^_2_Al_2_(Mn^3+^Mg)(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(V^5+^O_4_)(OH)_6_	Ca Mn Al Mg Si O V H	IMA2016-072	6600	Ardennite	orthorhombic	Pnmm	Ca Mn^3+ Al Mg Si O V^5+ H	Apt	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Brownish red	#9e3623
126	Alpersite	Alpersite	MgS6+O4·7H2O	Mg(SO4)·7H2O	Mg(SO_4_)·7H_2_O	MgS^6+^O_4_·7H_2_O	Mg S O H	IMA2003-040	5245	Melanterite	monoclinic	P21/c	Mg S^6+ O H	Aps	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Blue.	#0000ff
127	Alsakharovite-Zn	Alsakharovite-Zn	NaSrKZn2+(Ti4+,Nb5+)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·7H2O	NaSrKZn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·7H2O	NaSrKZn(Ti,Nb)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·7H_2_O	NaSrKZn^2+^(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·7H_2_O	Na Sr K Zn Ti Nb Si O H	IMA2002-003	841	Labuntsovite	monoclinic	Cm	Na Sr K Zn^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H	Ask-Zn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	White, Pale brown, Colorless.	#ffffff,#b1916e,#afafaf
128	Alstonite	Alstonite	BaCa(CO3)2	BaCa(CO3)2	BaCa(CO_3_)_2_	BaCa(CO_3_)_2_	Ba Ca C O		842	Alstonite	triclinic, orthorhombic, hexagonal	C1, P31m	Ba Ca C O	Asn	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Colorless, Gray, White, Pink.	#afafaf,#808080,#ffffff,#ffc0cb
129	Altaite	Altaite	Pb2+Te2-	PbTe	PbTe	Pb^2+^Te^2-^	Pb Te		843	Rocksalt	cubic	Fm3m	Pb^2+ Te^2-	Alt	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Tin white, Yellowish tin white, Bronze yellow.	#cfd5db,#fcfc81,#737000
130	Alterite	Alterite	Zn2+2Fe3+4(S6+O4)4((C2)6+O4)2(OH)4·17H2O	Zn2Fe3+4(SO4)4(C2O4)2(OH)4·17H2O	Zn_2_Fe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_4_(C_2_O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·17H_2_O	Zn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·17H_2_O	Zn Fe S O C H	IMA2018-070	6741	Alterite, Oxalate	monoclinic	C2/c	Zn^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O C H	Atr	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Yellow-green	#c8fd3d
131	Althausite	Althausite	Mg4(PO4)2(OH,O)(F,☐)	Mg4(PO4)2(OH,O)(F,☐)	Mg_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH,O)(F,[box])	Mg_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH,O)(F,[box])	Mg P O H F	IMA1974-050	844	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Pnma	Mg P O H F	Ahs	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites	No	Gray.	#808080
132	Althupite	Althupite	AlTh4+(U6+O2)7(PO4)4O2(OH)5·15H2O	AlTh(UO2)7(PO4)4O2(OH)5·15H2O	AlTh(UO_2_)_7_(PO_4_)_4_O_2_(OH)_5_·15H_2_O	AlTh^4+^(U^6+^O_2_)_7_(PO_4_)_4_O_2_(OH)_5_·15H_2_O	Al Th U O P H	IMA1986-003	845	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Al Th^4+ U^6+ O P H	Ahp	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
133	Altisite	Altisite	Na3K6Ti4+2Al2Si8O26Cl3	Na3K6Ti2Al2Si8O26Cl3	Na_3_K_6_Ti_2_Al_2_Si_8_O_26_Cl_3_	Na_3_K_6_Ti^4+^_2_Al_2_Si_8_O_26_Cl_3_	Na K Ti Al Si O Cl	IMA1993-055	846	Lemoynite	monoclinic	C2/m	Na K Ti^4+ Al Si O Cl	Ati	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	White.	#ffffff
134	Aluminite	Aluminite	Al2S6+O4(OH)4·7H2O	Al2(SO4)(OH)4·7H2O	Al_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_4_·7H_2_O	Al_2_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_·7H_2_O	Al S O H		847	Aluminite	monoclinic	P21/c	Al S^6+ O H	A	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	White, Grayish white.	#ffffff,#d6dee9
135	Aluminium	Aluminium	Al	Al	Al	Al	Al	IMA1980-085a	4921	Copper	cubic	Fm3m	Al	Al	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites	Yes		#fdfdfe
136	Aluminoceladonite	Aluminoceladonite	K(Mg,Fe2+)AlSi4O10(OH)2	K(Mg,Fe2+)Al(Si4O10)(OH)2	K(Mg,Fe^2+^)Al(Si_4_O_10_)(OH)_2_	K(Mg,Fe^2+^)AlSi_4_O_10_(OH)_2_	K Mg Fe Al Si O H	IMA1998 s.p.	850	Mica	monoclinic, hexagonal	C2/m, P3112	K Mg Fe^2+ Al Si O H	Acel	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism	No		#fdfdfe
137	Aluminocerite-(CeCa)	Aluminocerite-(CeCa)	(Ce3+6Ca3)☐Al(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3	(Ce6Ca3)☐Al(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3	(Ce_6_Ca_3_)[box]Al(SiO_4_)_3_(SiO_3_OH)_4_(OH)_3_	(Ce^3+^_6_Ca_3_)[box]Al(SiO_4_)_3_(SiO_3_OH)_4_(OH)_3_	Ce Ca Al Si O H	IMA2007-060, IMA2023 s.p.	5659	Cerite	hexagonal	R3c	Ce^3+ Ca Al Si O H	Acrt-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Pale pink to reddish pink	#efcddb,#fe2c54
138	Aluminocopiapite	Aluminocopiapite	(Al,Mg)Fe3+4(S6+O4)6(OH,O)2·20H2O	(Al,Mg)Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH,O)2·20H2O	(Al,Mg)Fe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_6_(OH,O)_2_·20H_2_O	(Al,Mg)Fe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH,O)_2_·20H_2_O	Al Mg Fe S O H		851	Copiapite	triclinic	P1	Al Mg Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Acpi	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
139	Aluminocoquimbite	Aluminocoquimbite	Al2Fe3+2(S6+O4)6(H2O)12·9H2O	Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12·9H2O	Al_2_Fe_2_(SO_4_)_6_(H_2_O)_12_·9H_2_O	Al_2_Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(H_2_O)_12_·9H_2_O	Al Fe S O H	IMA2009-095	5826	Coquimbite	hexagonal	P31c	Al Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Acoq	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Colourless to pale pink	#afafaf,#efcddb
140	Aluminomagnesiohulsite	Aluminomagnesiohulsite	Mg2AlO2(BO3)	Mg2AlO2(BO3)	Mg_2_AlO_2_(BO_3_)	Mg_2_AlO_2_(BO_3_)	Mg Al O B	IMA2002-038	4925	Hulsite	monoclinic	P2/m	Mg Al O B	Amhul	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	Brown.	#653700
141	Alumino-oxy-rossmanite	Alumino-oxy-rossmanite	Al3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3O	Al3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3O	Al_3_Al_6_(Si_5_AlO_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O	Al_3_Al_6_(Si_5_AlO_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O	Al Si O B H	IMA2020-008b	7080	Tourmaline	hexagonal	R3m	Al Si O B H	Aorsm	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Pink	#ffc0cb
142	Aluminopyracmonite	Aluminopyracmonite	(N3-H4)3Al(S6+O4)3	(NH4)3Al(SO4)3	(NH_4_)_3_Al(SO_4_)_3_	(N^3-^H_4_)_3_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_3_	N H Al S O	IMA2012-075	6128	Pyracmonite	hexagonal	R3	N^3- H Al S^6+ O	Apyr	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colourless to white	#afafaf,#ffffff
143	Aluminosugilite	Aluminosugilite	KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30	KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30	KNa_2_Al_2_Li_3_Si_12_O_30_	KNa_2_Al_2_Li_3_Si_12_O_30_	K Na Al Li Si O	IMA2018-142	6879	Milarite	hexagonal	P6/mcc	K Na Al Li Si O	Asug	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Pinkish-purple	#d648d7
144	Aluminotaipingite-(CeCa)	Aluminotaipingite-(CeCa)	(Ce3+6Ca3)Al(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4F3	(Ce6Ca3)Al(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4F3	(Ce_6_Ca_3_)Al(SiO_4_)_3_[SiO_3_(OH)]_4_F_3_	(Ce^3+^_6_Ca_3_)Al(SiO_4_)_3_[SiO_3_(OH)]_4_F_3_	Ce Ca Al Si O H F	IMA2022-126	7365	Cerite	hexagonal	R3c	Ce^3+ Ca Al Si O H F	Atpg-CeCa		No	light pink to pink or reddish	#ffd1df,#ffc0cb,#c44240
145	Alum-(K)	Alum-(K)	KAl(S6+O4)2·12H2O	KAl(SO4)2·12H2O	KAl(SO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O	KAl(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·12H_2_O	K Al S O H	IMA2007 s.p.	3698	Alum	cubic	Pa3	K Al S^6+ O H	Aum-K	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
146	Alum-(Na)	Alum-(Na)	NaAl(S6+O4)2·12H2O	NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O	NaAl(SO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O	NaAl(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·12H_2_O	Na Al S O H	IMA2007 s.p	4130	Alum	cubic	Pa3	Na Al S^6+ O H	Aum-Na	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
147	Alumoåkermanite	Alumoakermanite	(Ca,Na)2(Al,Mg,Fe2+)(Si2O7)	(Ca,Na)2(Al,Mg,Fe2+)(Si2O7)	(Ca,Na)_2_(Al,Mg,Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)	(Ca,Na)_2_(Al,Mg,Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)	Ca Na Al Mg Fe Si O	IMA2008-049	5709	Melilite	tetragonal	P421m	Ca Na Al Mg Fe^2+ Si O	Aåk	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Light brown	#b5651d
148	Alumoedtollite	Alumoedtollite	K2NaCu2+5AlO2(As5+O4)4	K2NaCu5AlO2(AsO4)4	K_2_NaCu_5_AlO_2_(AsO_4_)_4_	K_2_NaCu^2+^_5_AlO_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_	K Na Cu Al O As	IMA2017-020	6661	Edtollite	triclinic	P1	K Na Cu^2+ Al O As^5+	Aedt	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Bronze	#a87900
149	Alumohydrocalcite	Alumohydrocalcite	CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·3H2O	CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·4H2O	CaAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O	CaAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O	Ca Al C O H	IMA1980 s.p.	856	Alumohydrocalcite	triclinic	P1	Ca Al C O H	Ahcal	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Chalky white, Bluish white, Violet, Light yellow, Gray.	#e5f1ed,#e5dad4,#9a0eea,#fffe7a,#808080
150	Alumoklyuchevskite	Alumoklyuchevskite	K3Cu2+3AlO2(S6+O4)4	K3Cu2+3AlO2(SO4)4	K_3_Cu^2+^_3_AlO_2_(SO_4_)_4_	K_3_Cu^2+^_3_AlO_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_	K Cu Al O S	IMA1993-004	857	Klyuchevskite	monoclinic	I2	K Cu^2+ Al O S^6+	Akyv	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Dark green.	#033500
151	Alumolukrahnite	Alumolukrahnite	CaCu2+Al(As5+O4)2(OH)(H2O)	CaCu2+Al(AsO4)2(OH)(H2O)	CaCu^2+^Al(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)(H_2_O)	CaCu^2+^Al(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)(H_2_O)	Ca Cu Al As O H	IMA2022-059	7282	Natrochalcite-Helmutwinklerite	triclinic	P1	Ca Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O H	Alkr		No	Apple green	#69b076
152	Alumotantite	Alumotantite	AlTa5+O4	AlTaO4	AlTaO_4_	AlTa^5+^O_4_	Al Ta O	IMA1980-025	859	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Pbcn	Al Ta^5+ O	Atan	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
153	Alumovesuvianite	Alumovesuvianite	Ca19Al(Al10Mg2)Si18O69(OH)9	Ca19Al(Al10Mg2)Si18O69(OH)9	Ca_19_Al(Al_10_Mg_2_)Si_18_O_69_(OH)_9_	Ca_19_Al(Al_10_Mg_2_)Si_18_O_69_(OH)_9_	Ca Al Mg Si O H	IMA2016-014	6543	Vesuvianite	tetragonal	P4/n	Ca Al Mg Si O H	Aves	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites	No		#fdfdfe
154	Alunite	Alunite	KAl3(S6+O4)2(OH)6	KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6	KAl_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	KAl_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	K Al S O H	IMA1987 s.p.	860	Alunite-Alunite	hexagonal	R3m	K Al S^6+ O H	Alu	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	White, Gray, Yellowish gray, Reddish gray, Yellowish white.	#ffffff,#808080,#edeeda,#997570,#e9f1d0
155	Alunogen	Alunogen	Al2(S6+O4)3(H2O)12·5H2O	Al2(SO4)3(H2O)12·5H2O	Al_2_(SO_4_)_3_(H_2_O)_12_·5H_2_O	Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(H_2_O)_12_·5H_2_O	Al S O H		861	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Al S^6+ O H	Alg	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	White, Yellowish white, Reddish white, Yellowish white.	#ffffff,#e9f1d0,#fff8d5,#e9f1d0
156	Alvanite	Alvanite	Zn2+Al4(V5+O3)2(OH)12·2H2O	Zn2+Al4(V5+O3)2(OH)12·2H2O	Zn^2+^Al_4_(V^5+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O	Zn^2+^Al_4_(V^5+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O	Zn Al V O H		862	Chalcoalumite	monoclinic	P21/n	Zn^2+ Al V^5+ O H	Alv	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Bluish green, Blue black, Black.	#10a674,#24313d,#000000
157	Alvesite	Alvesite	NaKZr4+Si6O15·2H2O	NaKZrSi6O15·2H2O	NaKZrSi_6_O_15_·2H_2_O	NaKZr^4+^Si_6_O_15_·2H_2_O	Na K Zr Si O H	IMA2023-069	7411	Elpidite	orthorhombic	Cmca	Na K Zr^4+ Si O H	Avs		No		#fdfdfe
158	Alwilkinsite-(Y)	Alwilkinsite-(Y)	Y(U6+O2)3(S6+O4)2O(OH)3(H2O)7·7H2O	Y(UO2)3(SO4)2O(OH)3(H2O)7·7H2O	Y(UO_2_)_3_(SO_4_)_2_O(OH)_3_(H_2_O)_7_·7H_2_O	Y(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_O(OH)_3_(H_2_O)_7_·7H_2_O	Y U O S H	IMA2015-097	6495	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	P212121	Y U^6+ O S^6+ H	Alw-Y	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Yellowish-green; lemon yellow	#b0dd16,#cfff04
159	Amableite-(Ce)	Amableite-(Ce)	Na15[(Ce3+1.5Na1.5)Mn2+3]Mn2+2Zr4+3☐Si[Si24O69(OH)3](OH)2·H2O	Na15[(Ce1.5Na1.5)Mn3]Mn2Zr3☐Si[Si24O69(OH)3](OH)2·H2O	Na_15_[(Ce_1.5_Na_1.5_)Mn_3_]Mn_2_Zr_3_[box]Si[Si_24_O_69_(OH)_3_](OH)_2_·H_2_O	Na_15_[(Ce^3+^_1.5_Na_1.5_)Mn^2+^_3_]Mn^2+^_2_Zr^4+^_3_[box]Si[Si_24_O_69_(OH)_3_](OH)_2_·H_2_O	Na Ce Mn Zr Si O H	IMA2023-075	7422	Eudialyte	hexagonal	R3, P3	Na Ce^3+ Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Si O H	Ambl-Ce		No	yellow, (pale) orangish	#ffff00,#fd8d49
160	Amakinite	Amakinite	Fe2+(OH)2	Fe(OH)2	Fe(OH)_2_	Fe^2+^(OH)_2_	Fe O H	IMA1967 s.p.	863	Brucite	hexagonal	R3m, P3m1	Fe^2+ O H	Amk	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No	Yellow green, Light green.	#c8fd3d,#76ff7b
161	Amamoorite	Amamoorite	CaMn2+2Mn3+(Si2O7)O(OH)	CaMn2+2Mn3+(Si2O7)O(OH)	CaMn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^(Si_2_O_7_)O(OH)	CaMn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^(Si_2_O_7_)O(OH)	Ca Mn Si O H	IMA2018-105	6832	Ilvaite	monoclinic	P21/a	Ca Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Si O H	Amo	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Black; in thin section intensely orange-red	#000000,#f4c4d0
162	Amarantite	Amarantite	Fe3+2O(S6+O4)2·7H2O	Fe3+2O(SO4)2·7H2O	Fe^3+^_2_O(SO_4_)_2_·7H_2_O	Fe^3+^_2_O(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·7H_2_O	Fe O S H		864	Amarantite	triclinic	P1	Fe^3+ O S^6+ H	Ama	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown red, Orange red, Pink, Red.	#922b05,#fe4401,#ffc0cb,#ff0000
163	Amarillite	Amarillite	NaFe3+(S6+O4)2·6H2O	NaFe3+(SO4)2·6H2O	NaFe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O	NaFe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O	Na Fe S O H		865	Tamarugite	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Amr	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Greenish yellow, Light yellow.	#cdfd02,#fffe7a
164	Amaterasuite	Amaterasuite	Sr4Ti4+6Si4O23(OH)Cl	Sr4Ti6Si4O23(OH)Cl	Sr_4_Ti_6_Si_4_O_23_(OH)Cl	Sr_4_Ti^4+^_6_Si_4_O_23_(OH)Cl	Sr Ti Si O H Cl	IMA2024-056	7509	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Fddd	Sr Ti^4+ Si O H Cl	Asu		No	deep–blue to green color	#040273,#465149
165	Amblygonite	Amblygonite	LiAlPO4F	LiAl(PO4)F	LiAl(PO_4_)F	LiAlPO_4_F	Li Al P O F		866	Titanite-Amblygonite	triclinic	C1, P1	Li Al P O F	Aby	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White, Yellow, Gray, Bluish gray, Greenish gray.	#ffffff,#ffff00,#808080,#748b97,#96ae8d
166	Ambrinoite	Ambrinoite	[K,(N3-H4)]2(As3+,Sb3+)6(Sb3+,As3+)2S2-13·H2O	[K,(NH4)]2(As,Sb)6(Sb,As)2S13·H2O	[K,(NH_4_)]_2_(As,Sb)_6_(Sb,As)_2_S_13_·H_2_O	[K,(N^3-^H_4_)]_2_(As^3+^,Sb^3+^)_6_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_2_S^2-^_13_·H_2_O	K N H As Sb S O	IMA2009-071	5801	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	K N^3- H As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2- O	Amb	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Cinnabar-red	#730113
167	Ameghinite	Ameghinite	NaB3O3(OH)4	NaB3O3(OH)4	NaB_3_O_3_(OH)_4_	NaB_3_O_3_(OH)_4_	Na B O H	IMA1966-034	867	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/c	Na B O H	Agh	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
168	Amesite	Amesite	Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4	Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4	Mg_2_Al(AlSiO_5_)(OH)_4_	Mg_2_Al(AlSiO_5_)(OH)_4_	Mg Al Si O H		868	Clay, Serpentine	triclinic, hexagonal	C1, R3	Mg Al Si O H	Ame	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	White, Light green.	#ffffff,#76ff7b
169	Amgaite	Amgaite	Tl3+2Te6+O6	Tl3+2Te6+O6	Tl^3+^_2_Te^6+^O_6_	Tl^3+^_2_Te^6+^O_6_	Tl Te O	IMA2021-104	7206	Malladrite	hexagonal	P321	Tl^3+ Te^6+ O	Amgt	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	dark reddish brown to black	#840000,#000000
170	Amicite	Amicite	K2Na2(Si4Al4O16)·5H2O	K2Na2(Al4Si4O16)·5H2O	K_2_Na_2_(Al_4_Si_4_O_16_)·5H_2_O	K_2_Na_2_(Si_4_Al_4_O_16_)·5H_2_O	K Na Al Si O H	IMA1979-011	869	Gismondine	monoclinic	I2	K Na Si Al O H	Ami	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
171	Aminoffite	Aminoffite	Ca3(BeOH)2Si3O10	Ca3(BeOH)2Si3O10	Ca_3_(BeOH)_2_Si_3_O_10_	Ca_3_(BeOH)_2_Si_3_O_10_	Ca Be O H Si		870	Not in a structural group	tetragonal	I4/mmm, P42/n	Ca Be O H Si	Amf	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless, Light yellow.	#afafaf,#fffe7a
172	Ammineite	Ammineite	Cu2+Cl2(N3-H3)2	CuCl2·2NH3	CuCl_2_·2NH_3_	Cu^2+^Cl_2_(N^3-^H_3_)_2_	Cu Cl N H	IMA2008-032	5692	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Cmcm	Cu^2+ Cl N^3- H	Amm	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals	No	Deep blue to sky blue	#040273,#9fb9e2
173	Ammonioalunite	Ammonioalunite	N3-H4Al3(S6+O4)2(OH)6	(NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6	(NH_4_)Al_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	N^3-^H_4_Al_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	N H Al S O	IMA1986-037	871	Alunite-Alunite	hexagonal	R3m	N^3- H Al S^6+ O	Aalu	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Gray white, White.	#d7d5cb,#ffffff
174	Ammonioborite	Ammonioborite	(N3-H4)3B15O20(OH)8·4H2O	(NH4)3B15O20(OH)8·4H2O	(NH_4_)_3_B_15_O_20_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O	(N^3-^H_4_)_3_B_15_O_20_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O	N H B O		872	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/c	N^3- H B O	Abo	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes	No	White.	#ffffff
175	Ammoniojarosite	Ammoniojarosite	N3-H4Fe3+3(S6+O4)2(OH)6	(NH4)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6	(NH_4_)Fe^3+^_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	N^3-^H_4_Fe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	N H Fe S O	IMA1987 s.p.	873	Alunite-Alunite	hexagonal	R3m	N^3- H Fe^3+ S^6+ O	Ajrs	Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
176	Ammoniolasalite	Ammoniolasalite	(N3-H4)2Mg2[V5+10O28]·20H2O	[(NH4)2Mg2(H2O)20]·[V10O28]	[(NH_4_)_2_Mg_2_(H_2_O)_20_]·[V_10_O_28_]	(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Mg_2_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·20H_2_O	N H Mg O V	IMA2017-094	6723	Pascoite	monoclinic	C2/c	N^3- H Mg V^5+ O	Alas	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Bright orange to orange-yellow	#ff7034,#fdb915
177	Ammonioleucite	Ammonioleucite	(N3-H4)AlSi2O6	(NH4)(AlSi2O6)	(NH_4_)(AlSi_2_O_6_)	(N^3-^H_4_)AlSi_2_O_6_	N H Al Si O	IMA1984-015	874	Analcime	tetragonal	I41/a	N^3- H Al Si O	Alct	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	White.	#ffffff
178	Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite	Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite	(N3-H4)2Mg5Fe3+3Al(S6+O4)12·18H2O	(NH4)2Mg5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12·18H2O	(NH_4_)_2_Mg_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(SO_4_)_12_·18H_2_O	(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Mg_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_12_·18H_2_O	N H Mg Fe Al S O	IMA2009-040	5769	Voltaite	cubic	Fd3c	N^3- H Mg Fe^3+ Al S^6+ O	Amvlt	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No		#fdfdfe
179	Ammoniomathesiusite	Ammoniomathesiusite	(N3-H4)5(U6+O2)4(S6+O4)4(V5+O5)·4H2O	(NH4)5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5)·4H2O	(NH_4_)_5_(UO_2_)_4_(SO_4_)_4_(VO_5_)·4H_2_O	(N^3-^H_4_)_5_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(V^5+^O_5_)·4H_2_O	N H U O S V	IMA2017-077	6708	Mathesiusite	tetragonal	P4/n	N^3- H U^6+ O S^6+ V^5+	Amat	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	pale yellow to greenish-yellow	#eecf9e,#cdfd02
180	Ammoniotinsleyite	Ammoniotinsleyite	(N3-H4)Al2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O	(NH4)Al2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O	(NH_4_)Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O	(N^3-^H_4_)Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O	N H Al P O	IMA2019-128	7011	Leucophosphite	monoclinic	P21/n	N^3- H Al P O	Atin	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pink to pale violet	#ffc0cb,#c6c3d6
181	Ammoniovoltaite	Ammoniovoltaite	(N3-H4)2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(S6+O4)12(H2O)18	(NH4)2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12(H2O)18	(NH_4_)_2_Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(SO_4_)_12_(H_2_O)_18_	(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_12_(H_2_O)_18_	N H Fe Al S O	IMA2017-022	6663	Voltaite	cubic	Fd3c	N^3- H Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Al S^6+ O	Avlt	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Black	#000000
182	Ammoniozippeite	Ammoniozippeite	(N3-H4)2[(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)O2]·H2O	(NH4)2[(UO2)2(SO4)O2]·H2O	(NH_4_)_2_[(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)O_2_]·H_2_O	(N^3-^H_4_)_2_[(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)O_2_]·H_2_O	N H U O S	IMA2017-073	6705	Zippeite	orthorhombic	Ccmb	N^3- H U^6+ O S^6+	Azip	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No		#fdfdfe
183	Amoraite	Amoraite	Ca12Al6(OH)36(CO3)2(S4+O3)·15H2O	Ca12Al6(OH)36(CO3)2(SO3)·15H2O	Ca_12_Al_6_(OH)_36_(CO_3_)_2_(SO_3_)·15H_2_O	Ca_12_Al_6_(OH)_36_(CO_3_)_2_(S^4+^O_3_)·15H_2_O	Ca Al O H C S	IMA2023-082	7417	Hydrotalcite	triclinic	P1	Ca Al O H C S^4+	Amor		No		#fdfdfe
184	Amstallite	Amstallite	CaAl(Si,Al)4O8(OH)4·(H2O,Cl)	CaAl[(Al,Si)4O8(OH)2](OH)2·(H2O,Cl)	CaAl[(Al,Si)_4_O_8_(OH)_2_](OH)_2_·(H_2_O,Cl)	CaAl(Si,Al)_4_O_8_(OH)_4_·(H_2_O,Cl)	Ca Al Si O H Cl	IMA1986-030	875	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/c	Ca Al Si O H Cl	Ams	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
185	Amurselite	Amurselite	(N3-H4)2(U6+O2)5(Se4+O3)3O2(OH)2(H2O)·8H2O	(NH4)2(UO2)5(SeO3)3O2(OH)2(H2O)·8H2O	(NH_4_)_2_(UO_2_)_5_(SeO_3_)_3_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)·8H_2_O	(N^3-^H_4_)_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_5_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)·8H_2_O	N H U O Se	IMA2024-062	7514	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	N^3- H U^6+ O Se^4+	Amu		No	Yellow	#ffff00
186	Analcime	Analcime	NaAlSi2O6·H2O	Na(AlSi2O6)·H2O	Na(AlSi_2_O_6_)·H_2_O	NaAlSi_2_O_6_·H_2_O	Na Al Si O H	IMA1997 s.p.	876	Analcime	tetragonal, cubic, orthorhombic, monoclinic, hexagonal	I41/acd, Ia3d, Ibca, I2/a, I41/a, R3	Na Al Si O H	Anl	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	White, Grayish white, Greenish white, Yellowish white, Reddish white.	#ffffff,#d6dee9,#d1f1de,#e9f1d0,#fff8d5
187	Anandite	Anandite	BaFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10S2-(OH)	BaFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10S(OH)	BaFe^2+^_3_(Si_3_Fe^3+^)O_10_S(OH)	BaFe^2+^_3_(Si_3_Fe^3+^)O_10_S^2-^(OH)	Ba Fe Si O S H	IMA1966-005	877	Mica, Clay	monoclinic, orthorhombic	Am, Pnmn	Ba Fe^2+ Si Fe^3+ O S^2- H	Ana	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Black.	#000000
188	Anapaite	Anapaite	Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2·4H2O	Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2·4H2O	Ca_2_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Ca_2_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Ca Fe P O H		878	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Ca Fe^2+ P O H	Anp	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	White, Green.	#ffffff,#00ff00
189	Anastasenkoite	Anastasenkoite	CaFe2+P2O7	CaFe2+P2O7	CaFe^2+^P_2_O_7_	CaFe^2+^P_2_O_7_	Ca Fe P O	IMA2020-026	7036	Anastasenkoite	triclinic	P1	Ca Fe^2+ P O	Aas	Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No		#fdfdfe
190	Anatase	Anatase	Ti4+O2	TiO2	TiO_2_	Ti^4+^O_2_	Ti O	IMA1962 s.p.	879	Not in a structural group	tetragonal	I41/amd	Ti^4+ O	Ant	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization	No	Black, Reddish brown, Yellowish brown, Dark blue, Gray.	#000000,#7f2b0a,#9b7a01,#315b7d,#808080
191	Anatolygurbanovite	Anatolygurbanovite	SrCa2Si3O9	SrCa2Si3O9	SrCa_2_Si_3_O_9_	SrCa_2_Si_3_O_9_	Sr Ca Si O	IMA2024-086	7536	Margarosanite	triclinic	P1	Sr Ca Si O	Agb		No		#fdfdfe
192	Anatolyite	Anatolyite	Na6(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe3+)3Al(As5+O4)6	Na6(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe3+)3Al(AsO4)6	Na_6_(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe^3+^)_3_Al(AsO_4_)_6_	Na_6_(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe^3+^)_3_Al(As^5+^O_4_)_6_	Na Ca Mg Fe Al As O	IMA2016-040	6568	Yurmarinite	hexagonal	R3c	Na Ca Mg Fe^3+ Al As^5+ O	Aly	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Pale brownish–pinkish	#c27e79
193	Ancylite-(Ce)	Ancylite-(Ce)	Ce3+Sr(CO3)2(OH)·H2O	CeSr(CO3)2(OH)·H2O	CeSr(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O	Ce^3+^Sr(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O	Ce Sr C O H	IMA1987 s.p.	880	Ancylite	orthorhombic	Pmcn, Pmc21	Ce^3+ Sr C O H	Anc-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Brown, Brown red, Colorless, Gray, Gray pink.	#653700,#922b05,#afafaf,#808080,#c3909b
194	Ancylite-(La)	Ancylite-(La)	LaSr(CO3)2(OH)·H2O	LaSr(CO3)2(OH)·H2O	LaSr(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O	LaSr(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O	La Sr C O H	IMA1995-053	881	Ancylite	orthorhombic	Pmcn	La Sr C O H	Anc-La	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Yellow, Yellowish brown.	#ffff00,#9b7a01
195	Andalusite	Andalusite	Al2SiO5	Al2SiO5	Al_2_SiO_5_	Al_2_SiO_5_	Al Si O		882	Andalusite	orthorhombic	Pnnm	Al Si O	And	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Dark green, Gray, Brown, Red, Green.	#033500,#808080,#653700,#ff0000,#00ff00
196	Andersonite	Andersonite	Na2Ca(U6+O2)(CO3)3·5-6H2O	Na2Ca(UO2)(CO3)3·5-6H2O	Na_2_Ca(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·5-6H_2_O	Na_2_Ca(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·5-6H_2_O	Na Ca U O C H		883	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	R3m	Na Ca U^6+ O C H	Anr	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Bright yellow green, Green.	#fffd01,#00ff00
197	Andradite	Andradite	Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3	Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3	Ca_3_Fe^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_	Ca_3_Fe^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_	Ca Fe Si O		885	Garnet	cubic, triclinic	Ia3d, Ia3d, I1	Ca Fe^3+ Si O	Adr	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Black, Yellowish brown, Red, Greenish yellow, Gray.	#000000,#9b7a01,#ff0000,#cdfd02,#808080
198	Andreadiniite	Andreadiniite	Cu1+Hg2+Ag1+7Pb2+7Sb3+24S2-48	CuHgAg7Pb7Sb24S48	CuHgAg_7_Pb_7_Sb_24_S_48_	Cu^1+^Hg^2+^Ag^1+^_7_Pb^2+^_7_Sb^3+^_24_S^2-^_48_	Cu Hg Ag Pb Sb S	IMA2014-049	6345	Lillianite	monoclinic	P21/c	Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Adi	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No		#fdfdfe
199	Andrémeyerite	Andremeyerite	BaFe2+2Si2O7	BaFe2+2(Si2O7)	BaFe^2+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)	BaFe^2+^_2_Si_2_O_7_	Ba Fe Si O	IMA1972-005	886	Not in a structural group	monoclinic, orthorhombic	P21/c, Bmcb	Ba Fe^2+ Si O	Amy	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	light emerald-green	#e6e6d0
200	Andreybulakhite	Andreybulakhite	Ni2+((C2)6+O4)·2H2O	Ni(C2O4)·2H2O	Ni(C_2_O_4_)·2H_2_O	Ni^2+^((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)·2H_2_O	Ni C O H	IMA2023-037	7391	Oxalate, Humboldtine	monoclinic	C2/c	Ni^2+ C O H	Adb		No	colourless to pale green	#afafaf,#69b076
201	Andreyivanovite	Andreyivanovite	FeCrP	FeCrP	FeCrP	FeCrP	Fe Cr P	IMA2006-003	5517	Barringerite	orthorhombic	Pnma	Fe Cr P	Aiv	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No	Creamy white.	#f0e9d6
202	Andrianovite	Andrianovite	Na12(K,Sr,Ce3+)3Ca6Mn2+3Zr4+3Nb5+Si25O73(O,H2O,OH)5	Na12(K,Sr,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(O,H2O,OH)5	Na_12_(K,Sr,Ce)_3_Ca_6_Mn_3_Zr_3_Nb(Si_25_O_73_)(O,H_2_O,OH)_5_	Na_12_(K,Sr,Ce^3+^)_3_Ca_6_Mn^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^Si_25_O_73_(O,H_2_O,OH)_5_	Na K Sr Ce Ca Mn Zr Nb Si O H	IMA2007-008	5601	Eudialyte	hexagonal	R3m, R3m	Na K Sr Ce^3+ Ca Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H	Adv	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	light yellow	#fffe7a
203	Andrieslombaardite	Andrieslombaardite	Rh3+(SbS)3-	RhSbS	RhSbS	Rh^3+^(SbS)^3-^	Rh Sb S	IMA2022-076	7315	Cobaltite	cubic	P213	Rh^3+ Sb S	Alo		No		#fdfdfe
204	Anduoite	Anduoite	RuAs2	RuAs2	RuAs_2_	RuAs_2_	Ru As		888		orthorhombic	Pnnm	Ru As	Adu	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead gray.	#8a7963
205	Andychristyite	Andychristyite	Pb2+Cu2+Te6+O5(H2O)	PbCu2+Te6+O5(H2O)	PbCu^2+^Te^6+^O_5_(H_2_O)	Pb^2+^Cu^2+^Te^6+^O_5_(H_2_O)	Pb Cu Te O H	IMA2015-024	6425	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H	Acs	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Bluish green	#10a674
206	Andymcdonaldite	Andymcdonaldite	Fe3+2Te6+O6	Fe2TeO6	Fe_2_TeO_6_	Fe^3+^_2_Te^6+^O_6_	Fe Te O	IMA2018-141	6878	Tapiolite	tetragonal	P42/mnm	Fe^3+ Te^6+ O	Amc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Grayish yellow, olive-green, brownish-black	#877254,#8ead2c,#413936
207	Andyrobertsite	Andyrobertsite	KCd2+Cu2+5(As5+O4)4[As5+(OH)2O2]·2H2O	KCdCu5(AsO4)4[As(OH)2O2]·2H2O	KCdCu_5_(AsO_4_)_4_[As(OH)_2_O_2_]·2H_2_O	KCd^2+^Cu^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_[As^5+^(OH)_2_O_2_]·2H_2_O	K Cd Cu As O H	IMA1997-022	889	Andyrobertsite	monoclinic	P21/m	K Cd^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H	Arb	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Electric blue.	#7df9ff
208	Angarfite	Angarfite	NaFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)4·4H2O	NaFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)4·4H2O	NaFe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O	NaFe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O	Na Fe P O H	IMA2010-082	5920	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	C2221	Na Fe^3+ P O H	Agf	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Orange-brown to red-brown	#b16002,#a52a2f
209	Angastonite	Angastonite	CaMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)4·7H2O	CaMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)4·7H2O	CaMgAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·7H_2_O	CaMgAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·7H_2_O	Ca Mg Al P O H	IMA2008-008, IMA2022 s.p.	5667		triclinic	P1	Ca Mg Al P O H	Ags	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White.	#ffffff
210	Ángelaite	Angelaite	Cu1+2Ag1+Pb2+Bi3+S2-4	Cu2AgPbBiS4	Cu_2_AgPbBiS_4_	Cu^1+^_2_Ag^1+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_4_	Cu Ag Pb Bi S	IMA2003-064	5262	Kobellite	orthorhombic	Pnma	Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-	Áge	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray with a brownish tint	#d7d5cb
211	Angelellite	Angelellite	Fe3+4O3(As5+O4)2	Fe3+4O3(AsO4)2	Fe^3+^_4_O_3_(AsO_4_)_2_	Fe^3+^_4_O_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_	Fe O As	IMA1962 s.p.	890	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Fe^3+ O As^5+	Agl	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations	No	Black brown.	#73532a
212	Anglesite	Anglesite	Pb2+S6+O4	Pb(SO4)	Pb(SO_4_)	Pb^2+^S^6+^O_4_	Pb S O		891	Baryte	orthorhombic	Pbnm, Pnma	Pb^2+ S^6+ O	Ang	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Blue, Colorless, Green, Gray, Yellow.	#0000ff,#afafaf,#00ff00,#808080,#ffff00
213	Anhydrite	Anhydrite	CaS6+O4	Ca(SO4)	Ca(SO_4_)	CaS^6+^O_4_	Ca S O		892	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	C222, Amma, Bbmm, Bmmb	Ca S^6+ O	Anh	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colorless, White, Bluish white, Violet white, Dark gray.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#e5dad4,#e2e3e9,#363737
214	Anhydrokainite	Anhydrokainite	KMgS6+O4Cl	KMg(SO4)Cl	KMg(SO_4_)Cl	KMgS^6+^O_4_Cl	K Mg S O Cl		5371	Chlorothionite	hexagonal	R3	K Mg S^6+ O Cl	Ahk	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No		#fdfdfe
215	Anilite	Anilite	Cu7S4	Cu7S4	Cu_7_S_4_	Cu_7_S_4_	Cu S	IMA1968-030	893	Digenite	orthorhombic	Pnma	Cu S	Ani	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Bluish gray.	#748b97
216	Ankerite	Ankerite	Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2	Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2	Ca(Fe^2+^,Mg)(CO_3_)_2_	Ca(Fe^2+^,Mg)(CO_3_)_2_	Ca Fe Mg C O		895	Calcite-Dolomite	hexagonal	R3	Ca Fe^2+ Mg C O	Ank	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Brown, Brownish yellow, Gray, Gray brown, White.	#653700,#c9b003,#808080,#7f7053,#ffffff
217	Ankinovichite	Ankinovichite	Ni2+Al4(V5+O3)2(OH)12·2H2O	NiAl4(V5+O3)2(OH)12·2H2O	NiAl_4_(V^5+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O	Ni^2+^Al_4_(V^5+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O	Ni Al V O H	IMA2002-063	5185	Chalcoalumite	monoclinic	P21/n	Ni^2+ Al V^5+ O H	Akv	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, White, Light green, Light blue.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#76ff7b,#add8e6
218	Annabergite	Annabergite	Ni2+3(As5+O4)2·8H2O	Ni3(AsO4)2·8H2O	Ni_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O	Ni^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O	Ni As O H		896	Vivianite	monoclinic	C2/m	Ni^2+ As^5+ O H	Anb	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Apple green, Greenish white, Gray, Yellow green, White.	#69b076,#d1f1de,#808080,#c8fd3d,#ffffff
219	Anningite-(Ce)	Anningite-(Ce)	(Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(V5+O4)	(Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(VO4)	(Ca_0.5_Ce^4+^_0.5_)(VO_4_)	(Ca_0.5_Ce^4+^_0.5_)(V^5+^O_4_)	Ca Ce V O	IMA2024-060	7524	Zircon	tetragonal	I41/amd	Ca Ce^4+ V^5+ O	Aig-Ce		No	green	#00ff00
220	Annite	Annite	KFe2+3AlSi3O10(OH)2	KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2	KFe^2+^_3_(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_2_	KFe^2+^_3_AlSi_3_O_10_(OH)_2_	K Fe Al Si O H	IMA1998 s.p.	897	Mica, Clay	monoclinic	C2/m, C2/c	K Fe^2+ Al Si O H	Ann	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Reddish brown, Black.	#7f2b0a,#000000
221	Annivite-(Zn)	Annivite-(Zn)	Cu1+6(Cu1+4Zn2+2)Bi3+4S2-13	Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Bi4S13	Cu_6_(Cu_4_Zn_2_)Bi_4_S_13_	Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_)Bi^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_	Cu Zn Bi S	IMA2023-124	7480	Tetrahedrite	cubic	I43m	Cu^1+ Zn^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-	Anv-Zn		No	dark grey	#363737
222	Anorpiment	Anorpiment	As3+2S2-3	As2S3	As_2_S_3_	As^3+^_2_S^2-^_3_	As S	IMA2011-014	5921	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	As^3+ S^2-	Apm	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Greenish yellow	#cdfd02
223	Anorthite	Anorthite	CaAl2Si2O8	Ca(Al2Si2O8)	Ca(Al_2_Si_2_O_8_)	CaAl_2_Si_2_O_8_	Ca Al Si O		898	Feldspar	triclinic	P1, I1, C1	Ca Al Si O	An	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Colorless, Gray, White, Red, Reddish gray.	#afafaf,#808080,#ffffff,#ff0000,#997570
224	Anorthominasragrite	Anorthominasragrite	V4+O(S6+O4)·5H2O	V4+O(SO4)·5H2O	V^4+^O(SO_4_)·5H_2_O	V^4+^O(S^6+^O_4_)·5H_2_O	V O S H	IMA2001-040	4970	Minasragrite	triclinic	P1, P1	V^4+ O S^6+ H	Amrg	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Blue green.	#137e6d
225	Anorthoroselite	Anorthoroselite	Ca2Co2+(As5+O4)2·2H2O	Ca2Co(AsO4)2·2H2O	Ca_2_Co(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Ca_2_Co^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Ca Co As O H	IMA2022 s.p.	3882	Fairfieldite	triclinic	P1	Ca Co^2+ As^5+ O H	Rsl-β	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No		#fdfdfe
226	Anorthoyttrialite-(Y)	Anorthoyttrialite-(Y)	Y4(SiO4)(Si3O10)	Y4(SiO4)(Si3O10)	Y_4_(SiO_4_)(Si_3_O_10_)	Y_4_(SiO_4_)(Si_3_O_10_)	Y Si O	IMA2022-135	7348		triclinic	P1	Y Si O	Aytt-Y		No	colourless or white, yellow or brownish.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#ffff00,#9c6d57
227	Ansermetite	Ansermetite	Mn2+V5+2O6·4H2O	Mn2+V5+2O6·4H2O	Mn^2+^V^5+^_2_O_6_·4H_2_O	Mn^2+^V^5+^_2_O_6_·4H_2_O	Mn V O H	IMA2002-017	4971	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/c	Mn^2+ V^5+ O H	Anm	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Carmine red.	#ff0038
228	Antarcticite	Antarcticite	CaCl2·6H2O	CaCl2·6H2O	CaCl_2_·6H_2_O	CaCl_2_·6H_2_O	Ca Cl H O	IMA1965-015	900	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	P321	Ca Cl H O	Atc	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
229	Anthoinite	Anthoinite	AlW6+O3(OH)3	AlWO3(OH)3	AlWO_3_(OH)_3_	AlW^6+^O_3_(OH)_3_	Al W O H		901	Anthoinite	triclinic	I1	Al W^6+ O H	Atn	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	White.	#ffffff
230	Anthonyite	Anthonyite	Cu2+(OH)2·3H2O	Cu(OH)2·3H2O	Cu(OH)_2_·3H_2_O	Cu^2+^(OH)_2_·3H_2_O	Cu O H	IMA1967 s.p.	902	Anthonyite			Cu^2+ O H	Aty	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals	No	Blue, Gray violet.	#0000ff,#9b8e8e
231	Anthophyllite	Anthophyllite	☐Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2	☐Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2	[box]Mg_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_	[box]Mg_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_	Mg Si O H	IMA2012 s.p.	903	Amphibole	orthorhombic	Pnma	Mg Si O H	Ath	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	White, Greenish gray, Green, Clove brown, Brownish green.	#ffffff,#96ae8d,#00ff00,#766051,#6a6e09
232	Antigorite	Antigorite	Mg3Si2O5(OH)4	Mg3Si2O5(OH)4	Mg_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_	Mg_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_	Mg Si O H	IMA1998 s.p.	904	Serpentine, Clay	monoclinic	Pm, C2/m	Mg Si O H	Atg	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Green, Gray, Bluish gray, Brown, Black.	#00ff00,#808080,#748b97,#653700,#000000
233	Antimonselite	Antimonselite	Sb3+2Se2-3	Sb2Se3	Sb_2_Se_3_	Sb^3+^_2_Se^2-^_3_	Sb Se	IMA1992-003	906	Stibnite	orthorhombic	Pbnm, Pnma	Sb^3+ Se^2-	Atm	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Tin white.	#cfd5db
234	Antimony	Antimony	Sb	Sb	Sb	Sb	Sb		907	Arsenic	hexagonal, cubic, tetragonal	R3m, P63/mmc, Pm3m, Fm3m, I4/mmm	Sb	Sb	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	Yes	Light gray, Tin white.	#d8dcd6,#cfd5db
235	Antipinite	Antipinite	KNa3Cu2+2((C2)6+O4)4	KNa3Cu2(C2O4)4	KNa_3_Cu_2_(C_2_O_4_)_4_	KNa_3_Cu^2+^_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)_4_	K Na Cu C O	IMA2014-027	6323	Not in a structural group, Oxalate	triclinic	P1	K Na Cu^2+ C O	Atp	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Blue	#0000ff
236	Antipovite	Antipovite	Cu2+5O2(PO4)2	Cu5O2(PO4)2	Cu_5_O_2_(PO_4_)_2_	Cu^2+^_5_O_2_(PO_4_)_2_	Cu O P	IMA2022-064	7286		triclinic	P1	Cu^2+ O P	Antp		No		#fdfdfe
237	Antlerite	Antlerite	Cu2+3(S6+O4)(OH)4	Cu2+3(SO4)(OH)4	Cu^2+^_3_(SO_4_)(OH)_4_	Cu^2+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_4_	Cu S O H	IMA1967 s.p.	908	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Pnma	Cu^2+ S^6+ O H	Atl	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Green, Light green, Emerald green, Black, Black green.	#00ff00,#76ff7b,#046307,#000000,#384e49
238	Antofagastaite	Antofagastaite	Na2Ca(S6+O4)2·1.5H2O	Na2Ca(SO4)2·1.5H2O	Na_2_Ca(SO_4_)_2_·1.5H_2_O	Na_2_Ca(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·1.5H_2_O	Na Ca S O H	IMA2018-049	6786	Syngenite	monoclinic	P21/m	Na Ca S^6+ O H	Atf	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colourless	#afafaf
239	Anyuiite	Anyuiite	AuPb2	AuPb2	AuPb_2_	AuPb_2_	Au Pb	IMA1987-053	909	Khatyrkite	tetragonal	I4/mcm	Au Pb	Any	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals	No	Lead gray, Silver gray.	#8a7963,#a8a8a4
240	Anzaite-(Ce)	Anzaite-(Ce)	Ce3+4Fe2+Ti4+6O18(OH)2	Ce4Fe2+Ti6O18(OH)2	Ce_4_Fe^2+^Ti_6_O_18_(OH)_2_	Ce^3+^_4_Fe^2+^Ti^4+^_6_O_18_(OH)_2_	Ce Fe Ti O H	IMA2013-004	6167	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/m	Ce^3+ Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O H	Anz-Ce	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration	No	Grey	#808080
241	Apachite	Apachite	Cu2+9Si10O29·11H2O	Cu2+9Si10O29·11H2O	Cu^2+^_9_Si_10_O_29_·11H_2_O	Cu^2+^_9_Si_10_O_29_·11H_2_O	Cu Si O H	IMA1979-022	910	Not in a structural group	monoclinic		Cu^2+ Si O H	Apa	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Blue.	#0000ff
242	Apexite	Apexite	NaMg(PO4)·9H2O	NaMg(PO4)·9H2O	NaMg(PO_4_)·9H_2_O	NaMg(PO_4_)·9H_2_O	Na Mg P O H	IMA2015-002	6408	Struvite	triclinic	P1	Na Mg P O H	Ape	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Colorless	#afafaf
243	Aphthitalite	Aphthitalite	K3Na(S6+O4)2	K3Na(SO4)2	K_3_Na(SO_4_)_2_	K_3_Na(S^6+^O_4_)_2_	K Na S O		911	Aphthitalite	hexagonal	P3m1	K Na S^6+ O	Att	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals	No	Blue, Colorless, Green, Gray, Gray blue.	#0000ff,#afafaf,#00ff00,#808080,#77a1b5
244	Apjohnite	Apjohnite	Mn2+Al2(S6+O4)4·22H2O	Mn2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O	Mn^2+^Al_2_(SO_4_)_4_·22H_2_O	Mn^2+^Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·22H_2_O	Mn Al S O H		912	Halotrichite	monoclinic	P21/c	Mn^2+ Al S^6+ O H	Apj	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Colorless, White, Pale yellow, Pale green, Pale pink.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#eecf9e,#69b076,#efcddb
245	Aplowite	Aplowite	Co2+S6+O4·4H2O	Co(SO4)·4H2O	Co(SO_4_)·4H_2_O	Co^2+^S^6+^O_4_·4H_2_O	Co S O H	IMA1963-009	913	Starkeyite	monoclinic	P21/n	Co^2+ S^6+ O H	Apw	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Pink.	#ffc0cb
246	Apuanite	Apuanite	Fe2+Fe3+4Sb3+4O12S2-	(Fe2+Fe3+2)(Fe3+2Sb3+4)O12S	(Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_)(Fe^3+^_2_Sb^3+^_4_)O_12_S	Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_4_Sb^3+^_4_O_12_S^2-^	Fe Sb O S	IMA1978-069	914	Minium	tetragonal	P42/mbc	Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Sb^3+ O S^2-	Apu	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Black.	#000000
247	Aqualite	Aqualite	(H3O)8(Na,K,Sr)5Ca6Zr4+3Si26O66(OH)9Cl	(H3O)8(Na,K,Sr)5Ca6Zr3Si26O66(OH)9Cl	(H_3_O)_8_(Na,K,Sr)_5_Ca_6_Zr_3_Si_26_O_66_(OH)_9_Cl	(H_3_O)_8_(Na,K,Sr)_5_Ca_6_Zr^4+^_3_Si_26_O_66_(OH)_9_Cl	H O Na K Sr Ca Zr Si Cl	IMA2002-066	915	Eudialyte	hexagonal	R3	H O Na K Sr Ca Zr^4+ Si Cl	Aq	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Pink.	#ffc0cb
248	Aradite	Aradite	BaCa6(SiO4)(V5+O4)(V5+O4)2F	BaCa6[(SiO4)(VO4)](VO4)2F	BaCa_6_[(SiO_4_)(VO_4_)](VO_4_)_2_F	BaCa_6_(SiO_4_)(V^5+^O_4_)(V^5+^O_4_)_2_F	Ba Ca Si O V F	IMA2013-047	6211	Zadovite	hexagonal	R3m	Ba Ca Si O V^5+ F	Ara	Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Colorless	#afafaf
249	Aragonite	Aragonite	CaCO3	Ca(CO3)	Ca(CO_3_)	CaCO_3_	Ca C O		916	Aragonite	orthorhombic	Pmcn	Ca C O	Arg	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization	No	Colorless, White, Gray, Yellowish white, Reddish white.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#808080,#e9f1d0,#fff8d5
250	Arakiite	Arakiite	Zn2+Mn2+12Fe3+2(As3+O3)(As5+O4)2(OH)23	ZnMn2+12Fe3+2(As3+O3)(As5+O4)2(OH)23	ZnMn^2+^_12_Fe^3+^_2_(As^3+^O_3_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_23_	Zn^2+^Mn^2+^_12_Fe^3+^_2_(As^3+^O_3_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_23_	Zn Mn Fe As O H	IMA1998-062	917	Hematolite	monoclinic	Cc	Zn^2+ Mn^2+ Fe^3+ As^3+ O As^5+ H	Ark	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Reddish brown, Orange brown.	#7f2b0a,#b16002
251	Aramayoite	Aramayoite	Ag1+3Sb3+2(Bi3+,Sb3+)S2-6	Ag3Sb2(Bi,Sb)S6	Ag_3_Sb_2_(Bi,Sb)S_6_	Ag^1+^_3_Sb^3+^_2_(Bi^3+^,Sb^3+^)S^2-^_6_	Ag Sb Bi S		918	Aramayoite	triclinic	P1	Ag^1+ Sb^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-	Ary	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Iron black, Deep blood red.	#263145,#c57776
252	Arangasite	Arangasite	Al2(S6+O4)(PO4)F·9H2O	Al2(SO4)(PO4)F·9H2O	Al_2_(SO_4_)(PO_4_)F·9H_2_O	Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(PO_4_)F·9H_2_O	Al S O P F H	IMA2012-018	6078	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21, P2/a	Al S^6+ O P F H	Ans	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless	#afafaf
253	Arapovite	Arapovite	(K1-x☐x)(Ca,Na)2U4+Si8O20 (x~0.5)	(K1-x☐x)(Ca,Na)2U4+Si8O20 [x ≈ 0.5]	(K_1-x_[box]_x_)(Ca,Na)_2_U^4+^Si_8_O_20_ [x ≈ 0.5]	(K_1-x_[box]_x_)(Ca,Na)_2_U^4+^Si_8_O_20_ (x~0.5)	K Ca Na U Si O	IMA2003-046	5186	Steacyite	tetragonal	P4/mcc	K Ca Na U^4+ Si O	Apv	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Dark green.	#033500
254	Aravaipaite	Aravaipaite	Pb2+3AlF9·H2O	Pb3AlF9·H2O	Pb_3_AlF_9_·H_2_O	Pb^2+^_3_AlF_9_·H_2_O	Pb Al F H O	IMA1988-021	919	Aravaipaite	triclinic, monoclinic	P1, P21/n	Pb^2+ Al F H O	Avp	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
255	Aravaite	Aravaite	Ba2Ca18(SiO4)6(PO4)3(CO3)F3O	Ba2Ca18(SiO4)6(PO4)3(CO3)F3O	Ba_2_Ca_18_(SiO_4_)_6_(PO_4_)_3_(CO_3_)F_3_O	Ba_2_Ca_18_(SiO_4_)_6_(PO_4_)_3_(CO_3_)F_3_O	Ba Ca Si O P C F	IMA2018-078	6808	Arctite	hexagonal	R3m	Ba Ca Si O P C F	Arv	Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No		#fdfdfe
256	Arcanite	Arcanite	K2S6+O4	K2(SO4)	K_2_(SO_4_)	K_2_S^6+^O_4_	K S O		920	Arcanite	orthorhombic	Pnam	K S^6+ O	Acn	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Colorless, Yellow, White.	#afafaf,#ffff00,#ffffff
257	Archerite	Archerite	H2KPO4	H2K(PO4)	H_2_K(PO_4_)	H_2_KPO_4_	H K P O	IMA1975-008	921	Biphosphammite	tetragonal	I42d	H K P O	Aht	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals	No	Beige, White.	#e6daa6,#ffffff
258	Arctite	Arctite	(Na5Ca)Ca6Ba(PO4)6F3	(Na5Ca)Ca6Ba(PO4)6F3	(Na_5_Ca)Ca_6_Ba(PO_4_)_6_F_3_	(Na_5_Ca)Ca_6_Ba(PO_4_)_6_F_3_	Na Ca Ba P O F	IMA1980-049	922	Arctite	hexagonal	R3m	Na Ca Ba P O F	Arc	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
259	Arcubisite	Arcubisite	Ag6CuBiS4	Ag6CuBiS4	Ag_6_CuBiS_4_	Ag_6_CuBiS_4_	Ag Cu Bi S	IMA1973-009	923	Not in a structural group			Ag Cu Bi S	Acb	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Steel gray.	#43464b
260	Ardaite	Ardaite	Pb2+17Sb3+15S2-35Cl9	Pb17Sb15S35Cl9	Pb_17_Sb_15_S_35_Cl_9_	Pb^2+^_17_Sb^3+^_15_S^2-^_35_Cl_9_	Pb Sb S Cl	IMA1979-073	924	Madocite	monoclinic		Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2- Cl	Ada	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Green gray.	#7ea07a
261	Ardealite	Ardealite	Ca2(PO3OH)(S6+O4)·4H2O	Ca2(PO3OH)(SO4)·4H2O	Ca_2_(PO_3_OH)(SO_4_)·4H_2_O	Ca_2_(PO_3_OH)(S^6+^O_4_)·4H_2_O	Ca P O H S		925	Gypsum	monoclinic	Cc	Ca P O H S^6+	Adl	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals	No	Light yellow, Brown.	#fffe7a,#653700
262	Ardennite-(As)	Ardennite-(As)	Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(As5+O4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6	Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6	Mn^2+^_4_Al_4_(AlMg)(AsO_4_)(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(OH)_6_	Mn^2+^_4_Al_4_(AlMg)(As^5+^O_4_)(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(OH)_6_	Mn Al Mg As O Si H	IMA2007 s.p.	926	Ardennite	orthorhombic	Pnmm	Mn^2+ Al Mg As^5+ O Si H	Ard-As	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Yellow, Yellow brown, Dark brown, Orange, Black.	#ffff00,#ae8b0c,#73532a,#ffa500,#000000
263	Ardennite-(V)	Ardennite-(V)	Mn2+4(AlMg)Al4(Si5V5+)O22(OH)6	Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(VO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6	Mn^2+^_4_Al_4_(AlMg)(VO_4_)(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(OH)_6_	Mn^2+^_4_(AlMg)Al_4_(Si_5_V^5+^)O_22_(OH)_6_	Mn Al Mg V O Si H	IMA2005-037	5520	Ardennite	orthorhombic	Pnmm	Mn^2+ Al Mg Si V^5+ O H	Ard-V	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
264	Arfvedsonite	Arfvedsonite	NaNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2	NaNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2	NaNa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_	NaNa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_	Na Fe Si O H	IMA2012 s.p.	927	Amphibole	monoclinic	C2/m	Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H	Arf	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Black, Grayish green, Bluish gray.	#000000,#82a67d,#748b97
265	Argandite	Argandite	Mn2+7(V5+O4)2(OH)8	Mn7(VO4)2(OH)8	Mn_7_(VO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_	Mn^2+^_7_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_8_	Mn V O H	IMA2010-021	5850	Allactite	monoclinic	P21/n	Mn^2+ V^5+ O H	Agd	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Orange	#ffa500
266	Argentobaumhauerite	Argentobaumhauerite	Ag1.5Pb22As33.5S72	Ag1.5Pb22As33.5S72	Ag_1.5_Pb_22_As_33.5_S_72_	Ag_1.5_Pb_22_As_33.5_S_72_	Ag Pb As S	IMA1988-051, IMA2015 s.p.	1058	Sartorite	monoclinic, triclinic	P1	Ag Pb As S	Abha	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Steel grey	#43464b
267	Argentodufrénoysite	Argentodufrenoysite	Ag1+3Pb2+26As3+35S2-80	Ag3Pb26As35S80	Ag_3_Pb_26_As_35_S_80_	Ag^1+^_3_Pb^2+^_26_As^3+^_35_S^2-^_80_	Ag Pb As S	IMA2016-046	6574	Sartorite	triclinic	P1	Ag^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-	Aduf	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No		#fdfdfe
268	Argentojarosite	Argentojarosite	Ag1+Fe3+3(S6+O4)2(OH)6	AgFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6	AgFe^3+^_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	Ag^1+^Fe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	Ag Fe S O H	IMA1987 s.p.	928	Alunite-Alunite	hexagonal	R3m	Ag^1+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Agjrs	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown, Yellow, Yellow brown.	#653700,#ffff00,#ae8b0c
269	Argentoliveingite	Argentoliveingite	Ag1+xPb2+40-2xAs3+48+xS2-112 (3 < x < 4)	AgxPb40-2xAs48+xS112 (3 < x < 4)	Ag_x_Pb_40-2x_As_48+x_S_112_ (3 < x < 4)	Ag^1+^_x_Pb^2+^_40-2x_As^3+^_48+x_S^2-^_112_ (3 < x < 4)	Ag Pb As S	IMA2016-029	6557	Sartorite	triclinic	P1	Ag^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-	Aliv	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Dark grey	#363737
270	Argentopearceite	Argentopearceite	[Ag1+9Ag1+S1-4][Ag1+6As3+2S1-7]	[Ag9AgS4][Ag6As2S7]	[Ag_9_AgS_4_][Ag_6_As_2_S_7_]	[Ag^1+^_9_Ag^1+^S^1-^_4_][Ag^1+^_6_As^3+^_2_S^1-^_7_]	Ag S As	IMA2020-049	7054	Polybasite	hexagonal	P321	Ag^1+ S^1- As^3+	Apea	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	steel grey to black	#43464b,#000000
271	Argentopentlandite	Argentopentlandite	Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8	Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8	Ag(Fe,Ni)_8_S_8_	Ag(Fe,Ni)_8_S_8_	Ag Fe Ni S	IMA1970-047	929	Pentlandite	cubic	Fm3m	Ag Fe Ni S	Apn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Bronze brown.	#825e2f
272	Argentopolybasite	Argentopolybasite	[Ag1+9Ag1+S2-4][Ag1+6Sb3+2S2-7]	[Ag9AgS4][Ag6Sb2S7]	[Ag_9_AgS_4_][Ag_6_Sb_2_S_7_]	[Ag^1+^_9_Ag^1+^S^2-^_4_][Ag^1+^_6_Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_7_]	Ag S Sb	IMA2021-119	7223	Polybasite	hexagonal, monoclinic	P321, C2/c	Ag^1+ S^2- Sb^3+	Aplb	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Dark grey to black	#363737,#000000
273	Argentopyrite	Argentopyrite	Ag1+Fe2+Fe3+S2-3	AgFe2S3	AgFe_2_S_3_	Ag^1+^Fe^2+^Fe^3+^S^2-^_3_	Ag Fe S		930	Cubanite	monoclinic	P21/n	Ag^1+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^2-	Agpy	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Blue, Bronze brown, Green, Yellow, White.	#0000ff,#825e2f,#00ff00,#ffff00,#ffffff
274	Argentotennantite-(Fe)	Argentotennantite-(Fe)	Ag1+6(Cu1+4Fe2+2)As3+4S2-13	Ag6(Cu4Fe2)As4S13	Ag_6_(Cu_4_Fe_2_)As_4_S_13_	Ag^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Fe^2+^_2_)As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_	Ag Cu Fe As S	IMA2023-126	7481	Tetrahedrite	cubic	I43m	Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Fe^2+ As^3+ S^2-	Atnt-Fe		No		#fdfdfe
275	Argentotennantite-(Zn)	Argentotennantite-(Zn)	Ag1+6Cu1+4Zn2+2As3+4S2-13	Ag6(Cu4Zn2)As4S13	Ag_6_(Cu_4_Zn_2_)As_4_S_13_	Ag^1+^_6_Cu^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_	Ag Cu Zn As S	IMA1985-026, IMA2019 s.p.	931	Tetrahedrite	cubic	I43m	Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Zn^2+ As^3+ S^2-	Atnt-Zn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Grey black	#373a3a
276	Argentotetrahedrite-(Cd)	Argentotetrahedrite-(Cd)	Ag1+6(Cu1+4Cd2+2)Sb3+4S2-13	Ag6(Cu4Cd2)Sb4S13	Ag_6_(Cu_4_Cd_2_)Sb_4_S_13_	Ag^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Cd^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_	Ag Cu Cd Sb S	IMA2022-053	7273	Tetrahedrite	cubic	I43m	Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Cd^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Attr-Cd		No		#fdfdfe
277	Argentotetrahedrite-(Fe)	Argentotetrahedrite-(Fe)	Ag1+6(Cu1+4Fe2+2)Sb3+4S2-13	Ag6(Cu4Fe2)Sb4S13	Ag_6_(Cu_4_Fe_2_)Sb_4_S_13_	Ag^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Fe^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_	Ag Cu Fe Sb S	IMA2016-093, IMA2019 s.p.	5374	Tetrahedrite	cubic	I43m	Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Attr-Fe	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No		#fdfdfe
278	Argentotetrahedrite-(Hg)	Argentotetrahedrite-(Hg)	Ag1+6(Cu1+4Hg2+2)Sb3+4S2-13	Ag6(Cu4Hg2)Sb4S13	Ag_6_(Cu_4_Hg_2_)Sb_4_S_13_	Ag^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Hg^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_	Ag Cu Hg Sb S	IMA2020-079	7094	Tetrahedrite	cubic	I43m	Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Attr-Hg	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No		#fdfdfe
279	Argentotetrahedrite-(Zn)	Argentotetrahedrite-(Zn)	Ag1+6(Cu1+4Zn2+2)Sb3+4S2-13	Ag6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S13	Ag_6_(Cu_4_Zn_2_)Sb_4_S_13_	Ag^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_	Ag Cu Zn Sb S	IMA2020-069	7085	Tetrahedrite	cubic	I43m	Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Zn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Attr-Zn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No		#fdfdfe
280	Argesite	Argesite	(N3-H4)7Bi3+3Cl16	(NH4)7Bi3Cl16	(NH_4_)_7_Bi_3_Cl_16_	(N^3-^H_4_)_7_Bi^3+^_3_Cl_16_	N H Bi Cl	IMA2011-072	6015	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	R3c	N^3- H Bi^3+ Cl	Age	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Pale yellow	#eecf9e
281	Argutite	Argutite	GeO2	GeO2	GeO_2_	GeO_2_	Ge O	IMA1980-067	932	Rutile	tetragonal	P42/mnm	Ge O	Agt	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Grayish black.	#555152
282	Argyrodite	Argyrodite	Ag1+8Ge4+S2-6	Ag8GeS6	Ag_8_GeS_6_	Ag^1+^_8_Ge^4+^S^2-^_6_	Ag Ge S		933	Argyrodite	orthorhombic	Pna21	Ag^1+ Ge^4+ S^2-	Agy	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black, Steel gray.	#000000,#43464b
283	Arhbarite	Arhbarite	Cu2+2MgAs5+O4(OH)3	Cu2Mg(AsO4)(OH)3	Cu_2_Mg(AsO_4_)(OH)_3_	Cu^2+^_2_MgAs^5+^O_4_(OH)_3_	Cu Mg As O H	IMA1981-044	934	Gilmarite	triclinic	P1	Cu^2+ Mg As^5+ O H	Arh	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Dark blue.	#315b7d
284	Ariegilatite	Ariegilatite	BaCa12(SiO4)4(PO4)2F2O	BaCa12(SiO4)4(PO4)2F2O	BaCa_12_(SiO_4_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_O	BaCa_12_(SiO_4_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_O	Ba Ca Si O P F	IMA2016-100	6627	Arctite	hexagonal	R3m	Ba Ca Si O P F	Agi	Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Colourless	#afafaf
285	Arisite-(Ce)	Arisite-(Ce)	NaCe3+2(CO3)2[(CO3)1-xF2x]F	NaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F	NaCe_2_(CO_3_)_2_[F_2x_(CO_3_)_1-x_]F	NaCe^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_2_[(CO_3_)_1-x_F_2x_]F	Na Ce C O F	IMA2009-013	5742	Arisite	hexagonal	P6m2	Na Ce^3+ C O F	Ari-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals	No	Beige, beige-yellow, light lemon yellow to pinkish	#e6daa6,#feff32,#201b20,#d46a7e
286	Arisite-(La)	Arisite-(La)	NaLa2(CO3)2[(CO3)1-xF2x]F	NaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F	NaLa_2_(CO_3_)_2_[F_2x_(CO_3_)_1-x_]F	NaLa_2_(CO_3_)_2_[(CO_3_)_1-x_F_2x_]F	Na La C O F	IMA2009-019	5748	Arisite	hexagonal	P6m2	Na La C O F	Ari-La	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals	No	Beige, beige-yellow, light lemon-yellow, pinkish	#e6daa6,#feff32,#e0c3a2,#d46a7e
287	Aristarainite	Aristarainite	Na2Mg[B6O8(OH)4]2·4H2O	Na2Mg[B6O8(OH)4]2·4H2O	Na_2_Mg[B_6_O_8_(OH)_4_]_2_·4H_2_O	Na_2_Mg[B_6_O_8_(OH)_4_]_2_·4H_2_O	Na Mg B O H	IMA1973-029	935	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/a	Na Mg B O H	Ais	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
288	Armalcolite	Armalcolite	(Mg,Fe2+)Ti4+2O5	(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5	(Mg,Fe^2+^)Ti_2_O_5_	(Mg,Fe^2+^)Ti^4+^_2_O_5_	Mg Fe Ti O	IMA1970-006	936	Pseudobrookite	orthorhombic	Bbmm	Mg Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O	Arm	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism	No	Gray.	#808080
289	Armangite	Armangite	Mn2+26As3+18O50(CO3)(OH)4	Mn2+26[As3+6(OH)4O14][As3+6O18]2(CO3)	Mn^2+^_26_[As^3+^_6_(OH)_4_O_14_][As^3+^_6_O_18_]_2_(CO_3_)	Mn^2+^_26_As^3+^_18_O_50_(CO_3_)(OH)_4_	Mn As O H C		937	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	P3	Mn^2+ As^3+ O C H	Amg	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Black.	#000000
290	Armbrusterite	Armbrusterite	Na6K5Mn3+Mn2+14[Si9O22]4(OH)10·4H2O	Na6K5Mn3+Mn2+14(Si9O22)4(OH)10·4H2O	Na_6_K_5_Mn^3+^Mn^2+^_14_(Si_9_O_22_)_4_(OH)_10_·4H_2_O	Na_6_K_5_Mn^3+^Mn^2+^_14_[Si_9_O_22_]_4_(OH)_10_·4H_2_O	Na K Mn Si O H	IMA2005-035	5354	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/m	Na K Mn^3+ Mn^2+ Si O H	Abr	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration	No	Dark reddish brown.	#840000
291	Armellinoite-(Ce)	Armellinoite-(Ce)	Ca4Ce4+(As5+O4)4·H2O	Ca4Ce4+(AsO4)4·H2O	Ca_4_Ce^4+^(AsO_4_)_4_·H_2_O	Ca_4_Ce^4+^(As^5+^O_4_)_4_·H_2_O	Ca Ce As O H	IMA2018-094	6823	Pottsite	tetragonal	I41/a	Ca Ce^4+ As^5+ O H	Aml-Ce	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	pale yellow to brown–yellow; also honey-yellow, canary-yellow, yellow-greenish, yellow-brown	#eecf9e,#dd9966,#e6c562,#f1f1e6,#c8fd3d,#ae8b0c
292	Armenite	Armenite	BaCa2(Al6Si9)O30·2H2O	BaCa2(Al6Si9)O30·2H2O	BaCa_2_(Al_6_Si_9_)O_30_·2H_2_O	BaCa_2_(Al_6_Si_9_)O_30_·2H_2_O	Ba Ca Al Si O H		938	Milarite	orthorhombic	Pnna, Pnc2	Ba Ca Al Si O H	Amn	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Colorless, Gray green, White.	#afafaf,#86a17d,#ffffff
293	Armstrongite	Armstrongite	CaZr4+Si6O15·2H2O	CaZr(Si6O15)·2H2O	CaZr(Si_6_O_15_)·2H_2_O	CaZr^4+^Si_6_O_15_·2H_2_O	Ca Zr Si O H	IMA1972-018	939	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/m, C2	Ca Zr^4+ Si O H	Asg	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Light brown, Reddish brown.	#b5651d,#7f2b0a
294	Arrheniusite-(Ce)	Arrheniusite-(Ce)	CaMg[(Ce3+7Y3)Ca5](SiO4)3(Si3B3O18)(As5+O4)(BO3)F11	CaMg[(Ce7Y3)Ca5](SiO4)3(Si3B3O18)(AsO4)(BO3)F11	CaMg[(Ce_7_Y_3_)Ca_5_](SiO_4_)_3_(Si_3_B_3_O_18_)(AsO_4_)(BO_3_)F_11_	CaMg[(Ce^3+^_7_Y_3_)Ca_5_](SiO_4_)_3_(Si_3_B_3_O_18_)(As^5+^O_4_)(BO_3_)F_11_	Ca Mg Ce Y Si O B As F	IMA2019-086	6973	Okanoganite	hexagonal	R3m	Ca Mg Ce^3+ Y Si O B As^5+ F	Arr-Ce	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	greenish-yellow	#cdfd02
295	Arrojadite-(BaNa)	Arrojadite-(BaNa)	BaNa3(NaCa)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2	BaNa3(NaCa)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2	BaNa_3_(NaCa)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_	BaNa_3_(NaCa)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_	Ba Na Ca Fe Al P O H	IMA2014-071	6373	Arrojadite	monoclinic	C2/c, Cc	Ba Na Ca Fe^2+ Al P O H	Ajd-BaNa	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Greenish, yellowish	#40a368,#faee66
296	Arrojadite-(KFe)	Arrojadite-(KFe)	(KNa)Fe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2	(KNa)Fe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2	(KNa)Fe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_	(KNa)Fe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_	K Na Fe Ca Al P O H	IMA2005 s.p.	5339	Arrojadite	monoclinic	A2/a, C2/c, B2/b	K Na Fe^2+ Ca Al P O H	Ajd-KFe	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Olive-green	#8ead2c
297	Arrojadite-(KNa)	Arrojadite-(KNa)	KNa3(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2	KNa3(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2	KNa_3_(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_	KNa_3_(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_	K Na Ca Fe Al P O H	IMA2005-047	940	Arrojadite	monoclinic	A2/a, Cc	K Na Ca Fe^2+ Al P O H	Ajd-KNa	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Yellow	#ffff00
298	Arrojadite-(PbFe)	Arrojadite-(PbFe)	Pb2+Fe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2	PbFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2	PbFe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_	Pb^2+^Fe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_	Pb Fe Ca Na Al P O H	IMA2005-056	5341	Arrojadite	monoclinic	Cc	Pb^2+ Fe^2+ Ca Na Al P O H	Ajd-PbFe	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Pale honey.	#f5d6aa
299	Arrojadite-(SrFe)	Arrojadite-(SrFe)	SrFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2	SrFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2	SrFe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_	SrFe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_	Sr Fe Ca Na Al P O H	IMA2005-032	5340	Arrojadite	monoclinic	Cc	Sr Fe^2+ Ca Na Al P O H	Ajd-SrFe	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Yellow to yellowish red	#ffff00,#edeeda
300	Arsenatrotitanite	Arsenatrotitanite	NaTi4+(As5+O4)O	NaTi(AsO4)O	NaTi(AsO_4_)O	NaTi^4+^(As^5+^O_4_)O	Na Ti As O	IMA2016-015	6591	Titanite	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Ti^4+ As^5+ O	Anttn	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	brownish red, pale pinkish-reddish, almost colourless	#9e3623,#f10c45,#afafaf
301	Arsenbrackebuschite	Arsenbrackebuschite	Pb2+2(Fe3+,Zn2+)(As5+O4)2(OH,H2O)	Pb2(Fe3+,Zn)(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)	Pb_2_(Fe^3+^,Zn)(AsO_4_)_2_(OH,H_2_O)	Pb^2+^_2_(Fe^3+^,Zn^2+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH,H_2_O)	Pb Fe Zn As O H	IMA1977-014	941	Brackebuschite	monoclinic	P21/m	Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H	Abbs	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Honey yellow.	#ca9456
302	Arsendescloizite	Arsendescloizite	Pb2+Zn2+As5+O4(OH)	PbZn(AsO4)(OH)	PbZn(AsO_4_)(OH)	Pb^2+^Zn^2+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)	Pb Zn As O H	IMA1979-030	942	Adelite	orthorhombic	P212121	Pb^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H	Adcz	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Light yellow, Dark green.	#fffe7a,#033500
303	Arsenic	Arsenic	As	As	As	As	As		943	Arsenic	hexagonal	R3m	As	As	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	Yes	Lead gray, Gray, White.	#8a7963,#808080,#ffffff
304	Arseniopleite	Arseniopleite	NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(As5+O4)3	NaCaMnMn2(AsO4)3	NaCaMnMn_2_(AsO_4_)_3_	NaCaMn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_	Na Ca Mn As O	IMA1967 s.p.	944	Alluaudite	monoclinic	I2/a	Na Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O	Apl	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Cherry, Reddish brown.	#cf0234,#7f2b0a
305	Arseniosiderite	Arseniosiderite	Ca2Fe3+3O2(As5+O4)3·3H2O	Ca2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3·3H2O	Ca_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_2_(AsO_4_)_3_·3H_2_O	Ca_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_·3H_2_O	Ca Fe O As H		945	Arseniosiderite	monoclinic	A2/a, Aa	Ca Fe^3+ O As^5+ H	Assd	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Bronze brown, Yellow, Yellow brown, Dark brown, Black.	#825e2f,#ffff00,#ae8b0c,#73532a,#000000
306	Arsenmarcobaldiite	Arsenmarcobaldiite	Pb2+12(As3+3.2Sb3+2.8)S2-21	Pb12(As3.2Sb2.8)Σ6S21	Pb_12_(As_3.2_Sb_2.8_)_Σ6_S_21_	Pb^2+^_12_(As^3+^_3.2_Sb^3+^_2.8_)S^2-^_21_	Pb As Sb S	IMA2016-045	6573	Geocronite	triclinic	P1	Pb^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Amcb	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Black	#000000
307	Arsenmedaite	Arsenmedaite	Mn2+6As5+Si5O18(OH)	Mn2+6As5+Si5O18(OH)	Mn^2+^_6_As^5+^Si_5_O_18_(OH)	Mn^2+^_6_As^5+^Si_5_O_18_(OH)	Mn As Si O H	IMA2016-099	6626	Medaite	monoclinic	P21/n	Mn^2+ As^5+ Si O H	Amed	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Orange-reddish	#fe4401
308	Arsenoclasite	Arsenoclasite	Mn2+5(As5+O4)2(OH)4	Mn2+5(AsO4)2(OH)4	Mn^2+^_5_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_	Mn^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_	Mn As O H		946	Arsenoclasite	orthorhombic	P212121	Mn^2+ As^5+ O H	Asc	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration	No	Orange brown, Red.	#b16002,#ff0000
309	Arsenocrandallite	Arsenocrandallite	CaAl3(As5+O4)(As5+O3OH)(OH)6	CaAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6	CaAl_3_(AsO_4_)(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_6_	CaAl_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_6_	Ca Al As O H	IMA1980-060	947	Alunite-crandallite	hexagonal	R3m	Ca Al As^5+ O H	Acdl	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue, Blue green.	#0000ff,#137e6d
310	Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)	Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)	Ce3+Al3(As5+O4)2(OH)6	CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6	CeAl_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	Ce^3+^Al_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	Ce Al As O H	IMA1985-053	948	Alunite-crandallite	hexagonal	R3m	Ce^3+ Al As^5+ O H	Aflo-Ce	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White, Pale brown, Colorless.	#ffffff,#b1916e,#afafaf
311	Arsenoflorencite-(La)	Arsenoflorencite-(La)	La3+Al3(As5+O4)2(OH)6	LaAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6	LaAl_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	La^3+^Al_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	La Al As O H	IMA2009-078	5807	Alunite-crandallite	hexagonal	R3m	La^3+ Al As^5+ O H	Aflo-La	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White.	#ffffff
312	Arsenogoldfieldite	Arsenogoldfieldite	Cu1+6Cu1+6(As3+2Te4+2)S2-13	Cu6Cu6(As2Te2)S13	Cu_6_Cu_6_(As_2_Te_2_)S_13_	Cu^1+^_6_Cu^1+^_6_(As^3+^_2_Te^4+^_2_)S^2-^_13_	Cu As Te S	IMA2022-084	7304	Tetrahedrite	cubic	I43m	Cu^1+ As^3+ Te^4+ S^2-	Asgf		No		#fdfdfe
313	Arsenogorceixite	Arsenogorceixite	BaAl3As5+O4(As5+O3OH)(OH)6	BaAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6	BaAl_3_(AsO_4_)(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_6_	BaAl_3_As^5+^O_4_(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_6_	Ba Al As O H	IMA1989-055	949	Alunite-crandallite	hexagonal	R3m	Ba Al As^5+ O H	Agcx	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	White, Yellow, Bluish, Colorless.	#ffffff,#ffff00,#2976bb,#afafaf
314	Arsenogoyazite	Arsenogoyazite	SrAl3(As5+O4)(As5+O3OH)(OH)6	SrAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6	SrAl_3_(AsO_4_)(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_6_	SrAl_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_6_	Sr Al As O H	IMA1983-043	950	Alunite-crandallite	hexagonal	R3m	Sr Al As^5+ O H	Agoy	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	Greenish white, Gray green, Yellow, Light green.	#d1f1de,#86a17d,#ffff00,#76ff7b
315	Arsenohauchecornite	Arsenohauchecornite	Ni18Bi3AsS16	Ni18Bi3AsS16	Ni_18_Bi_3_AsS_16_	Ni_18_Bi_3_AsS_16_	Ni Bi As S	IMA1978 s.p.	951	Hauchecornite	tetragonal	P4/mmm, I4/mmm	Ni Bi As S	Ahau	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Bronze.	#a87900
316	Arsenohopeite	Arsenohopeite	Zn2+3(As5+O4)2·4H2O	Zn3(AsO4)2·4H2O	Zn_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Zn^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Zn As O H	IMA2010-069	5908	Hopeite	orthorhombic	Pnma	Zn^2+ As^5+ O H	Ahop	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No		#fdfdfe
317	Arsenolamprite	Arsenolamprite	As	As	As	As	As		952	Arsenolamprite	orthorhombic	Bmab	As	Asl	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	Yes	Dark gray.	#363737
318	Arsenolite	Arsenolite	As3+2O3	As2O3	As_2_O_3_	As^3+^_2_O_3_	As O		953	Arsenolite	cubic	Fd3m, Fd3m	As^3+ O	Aso	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Blue, White, Light yellow, Red.	#0000ff,#ffffff,#fffe7a,#ff0000
319	Arsenopalladinite	Arsenopalladinite	Pd8As3	Pd8As3	Pd_8_As_3_	Pd_8_As_3_	Pd As	IMA1973-002a	954	Stillwaterite	triclinic	P1	Pd As	Apdn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations	No	Silver white.	#e7e8e3
320	Arsenopyrite	Arsenopyrite	Fe3+(AsS)3-	FeAsS	FeAsS	Fe^3+^(AsS)^3-^	Fe As S	IMA1962 s.p.	955	Arsenopyrite	triclinic, monoclinic	P1, C21/d, P21/c, B21/d	Fe^3+ As S	Apy	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Tin white, Light steel gray.	#cfd5db,#b0c4de
321	Arsenotučekite	Arsenotucekite	Ni18Sb3AsS16	Ni18Sb3AsS16	Ni_18_Sb_3_AsS_16_	Ni_18_Sb_3_AsS_16_	Ni Sb As S	IMA2019-135	7018	Hauchecornite	tetragonal	I4/mmm	Ni Sb As S	Atuč	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No		#fdfdfe
322	Arsenoústalečite	Arsenoustalecite	Cu1+6Cu1+6(As3+2Te4+2)Se2-13	Cu6Cu6(As2Te2)Se13	Cu_6_Cu_6_(As_2_Te_2_)Se_13_	Cu^1+^_6_Cu^1+^_6_(As^3+^_2_Te^4+^_2_)Se^2-^_13_	Cu As Te Se	IMA2022-116	7338	Tetrahedrite	cubic	I43m	Cu^1+ As^3+ Te^4+ Se^2-	Aúč		No		#fdfdfe
323	Arsenovanmeersscheite	Arsenovanmeersscheite	U6+(U6+O2)3(As5+O4)2(OH)6·4H2O	U(UO2)3(AsO4)2(OH)6·4H2O	U(UO_2_)_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O	U^6+^(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O	U O As H	IMA2006-018	5573		orthorhombic	P21mn	U^6+ O As^5+ H	Avms	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No		#fdfdfe
324	Arsenoveszelyite	Arsenoveszelyite	Cu2+2Zn2+(As5+O4)(OH)3·2H2O	Cu2Zn(AsO4)(OH)3·2H2O	Cu_2_Zn(AsO_4_)(OH)_3_·2H_2_O	Cu^2+^_2_Zn^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_3_·2H_2_O	Cu Zn As O H	IMA2021-076a	7202	Veszelyite	monoclinic	P21/c	Cu^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H	Avsz	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No		#fdfdfe
325	Arsenowagnerite	Arsenowagnerite	Mg2As5+O4F	Mg2(AsO4)F	Mg_2_(AsO_4_)F	Mg_2_As^5+^O_4_F	Mg As O F	IMA2014-100	6398	Wagnerite	monoclinic	P21/c	Mg As^5+ O F	Awag	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No		#fdfdfe
326	Arsenquatrandorite	Arsenquatrandorite	Ag1+17.6Pb2+12.8Sb3+38.1As3+11.5S2-96	Ag17.6Pb12.8Sb38.1As11.5S96	Ag_17.6_Pb_12.8_Sb_38.1_As_11.5_S_96_	Ag^1+^_17.6_Pb^2+^_12.8_Sb^3+^_38.1_As^3+^_11.5_S^2-^_96_	Ag Pb Sb As S	IMA2012-087	6150	Lillianite	monoclinic	P21/c	Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-	Aado	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No		#fdfdfe
327	Arsentsumebite	Arsentsumebite	Pb2+2Cu2+(As5+O4)(S6+O4)(OH)	Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)	Pb_2_Cu(AsO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)	Pb^2+^_2_Cu^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)	Pb Cu As O S H		958	Brackebuschite	monoclinic	P21/m	Pb^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O S^6+ H	Atsu	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow green, Emerald green.	#c8fd3d,#046307
328	Arsenudinaite	Arsenudinaite	NaMg4(As5+O4)3	NaMg4(AsO4)3	NaMg_4_(AsO_4_)_3_	NaMg_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_	Na Mg As O	IMA2018-067	6799	Jeffbenite	tetragonal	I42d	Na Mg As^5+ O	Audn	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No		#fdfdfe
329	Arsenuranospathite	Arsenuranospathite	Al(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2F·20H2O	Al(UO2)2(AsO4)2F·20H2O	Al(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_F·20H_2_O	Al(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_F·20H_2_O	Al U O As F H	IMA1982 s.p.	959		orthorhombic, tetragonal	Pmmm, P42/n, P4/nnc, Pnn2	Al U^6+ O As^5+ F H	Aush	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White, Light yellow.	#ffffff,#fffe7a
330	Arsenuranylite	Arsenuranylite	Ca(U6+O2)4(As5+O4)2(OH)4·6H2O	Ca(UO2)4(AsO4)2(OH)4·6H2O	Ca(UO_2_)_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O	Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O	Ca U O As H		960	Phosphuranylite	orthorhombic	Bmmb	Ca U^6+ O As^5+ H	Auy	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Orange, Yellow.	#ffa500,#ffff00
331	Arsiccioite	Arsiccioite	Ag1+Hg2+2Tl1+As3+2S2-6	AgHg2TlAs2S6	AgHg_2_TlAs_2_S_6_	Ag^1+^Hg^2+^_2_Tl^1+^As^3+^_2_S^2-^_6_	Ag Hg Tl As S	IMA2013-058	6220	Routhierite	tetragonal	I42m	Ag^1+ Hg^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-	Asi	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Red	#ff0000
332	Arsmirandite	Arsmirandite	Na18Cu2+12Fe3+O8(As5+O4)8Cl5	Na18Cu12Fe3+O8(AsO4)8Cl5	Na_18_Cu_12_Fe^3+^O_8_(AsO_4_)_8_Cl_5_	Na_18_Cu^2+^_12_Fe^3+^O_8_(As^5+^O_4_)_8_Cl_5_	Na Cu Fe O As Cl	IMA2014-081	6379	Arsmirandite	monoclinic	C2/m	Na Cu^2+ Fe^3+ O As^5+ Cl	Asm	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Dark greyish green to olive-greenish black	#363737,#454445
333	Arthurite	Arthurite	Cu2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2·4H2O	CuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O	CuFe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O	Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O	Cu Fe As O H	IMA1964-002	961	Arthurite	monoclinic	P21/c	Cu^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H	Atu	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Apple green, Emerald green.	#69b076,#046307
334	Artinite	Artinite	Mg2CO3(OH)2·3H2O	Mg2(CO3)(OH)2·3H2O	Mg_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_·3H_2_O	Mg_2_CO_3_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O	Mg C O H		962	Artinite	monoclinic	C2/m	Mg C O H	Art	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White.	#ffffff
335	Artroeite	Artroeite	Pb2+AlF3(OH)2	PbAlF3(OH)2	PbAlF_3_(OH)_2_	Pb^2+^AlF_3_(OH)_2_	Pb Al F O H	IMA1993-031	963		triclinic	P1	Pb^2+ Al F O H	Ate	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
336	Artsmithite	Artsmithite	Hg1+4Al(PO4)1.74(OH)1.78	Hg1+4Al(PO4)1.74(OH)1.78	Hg^1+^_4_Al(PO_4_)_1.74_(OH)_1.78_	Hg^1+^_4_Al(PO_4_)_1.74_(OH)_1.78_	Hg Al P O H	IMA2002-039	964		monoclinic	C2/c	Hg^1+ Al P O H	Ash	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White, Colorless.	#ffffff,#afafaf
337	Arupite	Arupite	Ni2+3(PO4)2·8H2O	Ni3(PO4)2·8H2O	Ni_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O	Ni^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O	Ni P O H	IMA1988-008	965	Vivianite	monoclinic	I2/m, C2/m	Ni^2+ P O H	Arp	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue, Turquoise blue.	#0000ff,#00ffef
338	Arzamastsevite	Arzamastsevite	K6Al5Si6O20(OH)4Cl	K6Al5Si6O20(OH)4Cl	K_6_Al_5_Si_6_O_20_(OH)_4_Cl	K_6_Al_5_Si_6_O_20_(OH)_4_Cl	K Al Si O H Cl	IMA2024-085	7560	Edingtonite	tetragonal	I42m	K Al Si O H Cl	Azm		No	colorless	#afafaf
339	Arzrunite	Arzrunite	Pb2+2Cu2+4S6+O4(OH)4Cl6·2H2O	Pb2Cu4(SO4)(OH)4Cl6·2H2O	Pb_2_Cu_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_4_Cl_6_·2H_2_O	Pb^2+^_2_Cu^2+^_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_Cl_6_·2H_2_O	Pb Cu S O H Cl		5379				Pb^2+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O H Cl	Arz	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue, Bluish green.	#0000ff,#10a674
340	Asagiite	Asagiite	Ni2+Cu2+4(S6+O4)2(OH)6·6H2O	NiCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·6H2O	NiCu_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O	Ni^2+^Cu^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O	Ni Cu S O H	IMA2022-065	7287	Ktenasite	monoclinic	P21/c	Ni^2+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O H	Asa		No	Pale blue-green (unique enough to impart its name)	#a2adb1,#f5e7e3
341	Asbecasite	Asbecasite	Ca3Ti4+As3+6Be2Si2O20	Ca3TiAs6Be2Si2O20	Ca_3_TiAs_6_Be_2_Si_2_O_20_	Ca_3_Ti^4+^As^3+^_6_Be_2_Si_2_O_20_	Ca Ti As Be Si O	IMA1965-037	967	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	P3c1	Ca Ti^4+ As^3+ Be Si O	Abc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Lemon, Brownish.	#fff700,#9c6d57
342	Asbolane	Asbolane	Mn4+(O,OH)2·(Co3+,Ni2+,Mg,Ca)x(OH)2x·nH2O	Mn4+(O,OH)2·(Co,Ni,Mg,Ca)x(OH)2x·nH2O	Mn^4+^(O,OH)_2_·(Co,Ni,Mg,Ca)_x_(OH)_2x_·nH_2_O	Mn^4+^(O,OH)_2_·(Co^3+^,Ni^2+^,Mg,Ca)_x_(OH)_2x_·nH_2_O	Mn O H Co Ni Mg Ca		968	Not in a structural group	hexagonal		Mn^4+ O H Co^3+ Ni^2+ Mg Ca	Asb	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Black, Brownish black.	#000000,#413936
343	Aschamalmite	Aschamalmite	Pb2+6-3xBi3+2+xS2-9	Pb6-3xBi2+xS9	Pb_6-3x_Bi_2+x_S_9_	Pb^2+^_6-3x_Bi^3+^_2+x_S^2-^_9_	Pb Bi S	IMA1982-089	969	Lillianite	monoclinic, orthorhombic	C2/m	Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-	Ahm	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead gray, Gray.	#8a7963,#808080
344	Åsgruvanite-(Ce)	Asgruvanite-(Ce)	Ce3+16Ca5Al(SiO4)6(As3+O3)8(CO3)2Cl4F3(OH)2	Ce16Ca5Al(SiO4)6(AsO3)8(CO3)2Cl4F3(OH)2	Ce_16_Ca_5_Al(SiO_4_)_6_(AsO_3_)_8_(CO_3_)_2_Cl_4_F_3_(OH)_2_	Ce^3+^_16_Ca_5_Al(SiO_4_)_6_(As^3+^O_3_)_8_(CO_3_)_2_Cl_4_F_3_(OH)_2_	Ce Ca Al Si O As C Cl F H	IMA2025-004	7571	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	P3m1	Ce^3+ Ca Al Si O As^3+ C Cl F H	Åsg-Ce		No	greyish green to nearly colourless	#82a67d,#afafaf
345	Ashburtonite	Ashburtonite	HPb2+4Cu2+4(Si4O12)(HCO3)4(OH)4Cl	HCu4Pb4Si4O12(HCO3)4(OH)4Cl	HCu_4_Pb_4_Si_4_O_12_(HCO_3_)_4_(OH)_4_Cl	HPb^2+^_4_Cu^2+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)(HCO_3_)_4_(OH)_4_Cl	H Cu Pb Si O C Cl	IMA1990-033	970	Cerchiaraite	tetragonal	I4/m	H Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Si O C Cl	Ahb	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	Blue.	#0000ff
346	Ashcroftine-(Y)	Ashcroftine-(Y)	K5Na5Y12Si28O70(OH)2(CO3)8·8H2O	K5Na5Y12Si28O70(OH)2(CO3)8·8H2O	K_5_Na_5_Y_12_Si_28_O_70_(OH)_2_(CO_3_)_8_·8H_2_O	K_5_Na_5_Y_12_Si_28_O_70_(OH)_2_(CO_3_)_8_·8H_2_O	K Na Y Si O H C	IMA1987 s.p.	971	Not in a structural group	tetragonal	I4/mmm	K Na Y Si O H C	Acf-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Light violet, Pink, Pinkish brown, Deep violet.	#d6b4fc,#ffc0cb,#b17261,#330066
347	Ashoverite	Ashoverite	Zn2+(OH)2	Zn(OH)2	Zn(OH)_2_	Zn^2+^(OH)_2_	Zn O H	IMA1986-008	972		tetragonal	I41/amd	Zn^2+ O H	Aov	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
348	Asimowite	Asimowite	Fe2+2SiO4	Fe2SiO4	Fe_2_SiO_4_	Fe^2+^_2_SiO_4_	Fe Si O	IMA2018-102	6831	Wadsleyite	orthorhombic	Imma	Fe^2+ Si O	Amw	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No		#fdfdfe
349	Asisite	Asisite	Pb2+7SiO8Cl2	Pb7SiO8Cl2	Pb_7_SiO_8_Cl_2_	Pb^2+^_7_SiO_8_Cl_2_	Pb Si O Cl	IMA1987-003	973	Asisite	tetragonal	I4/mmm	Pb^2+ Si O Cl	Ass	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Green yellow, Yellow.	#c6f808,#ffff00
350	Åskagenite-(Nd)	Askagenite-(Nd)	Mn2+Nd(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O2	Mn2+Nd(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O2	Mn^2+^Nd(Al_2_Fe^3+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O_2_	Mn^2+^Nd(Al_2_Fe^3+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O_2_	Mn Nd Al Fe Si O	IMA2009-073	5803	Epidote	monoclinic	P21/m	Mn^2+ Nd Al Fe^3+ Si O	Åsk-Nd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Black	#000000
351	Aspedamite	Aspedamite	☐12(Fe3+,Fe2+)3Nb5+4[Th4+(Nb5+,Fe3+)12O42][(H2O),(OH)]12	☐12(Fe3+,Fe2+)3Nb4[Th(Nb,Fe3+)12O42][(H2O),(OH)]12	[box]_12_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_3_Nb_4_[Th(Nb,Fe^3+^)_12_O_42_][(H_2_O),(OH)]_12_	[box]_12_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_3_Nb^5+^_4_[Th^4+^(Nb^5+^,Fe^3+^)_12_O_42_][(H_2_O),(OH)]_12_	Fe Nb Th O H	IMA2011-056	6000	Menezesite	cubic	Im3	Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Nb^5+ Th^4+ O H	Apd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Brownish orange to deep red	#cb7723,#9a0200
352	Aspidolite	Aspidolite	NaMg3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2	NaMg3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2	NaMg_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_	NaMg_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_	Na Mg Si Al O H	IMA2004-049	974	Mica, Clay	monoclinic, triclinic	C2/m, C1	Na Mg Si Al O H	Asp	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Light brown, White, Greenish, Red.	#b5651d,#ffffff,#40a368,#ff0000
353	Asselbornite	Asselbornite	Pb2+(U6+O2)4(Bi3+O)3(As5+O4)2(OH)7·4H2O	Pb(UO2)4(BiO)3(AsO4)2(OH)7·4H2O	Pb(UO_2_)_4_(BiO)_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_7_·4H_2_O	Pb^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(Bi^3+^O)_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_7_·4H_2_O	Pb U O Bi As H	IMA1980-087	975		cubic	Im3m	Pb^2+ U^6+ O Bi^3+ As^5+ H	Asbn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown, Lemon yellow.	#653700,#cfff04
354	Astrocyanite-(Ce)	Astrocyanite-(Ce)	Cu2+2Ce3+2(U6+O2)(CO3)5(OH)2·1.5H2O	Cu2Ce2(UO2)(CO3)5(OH)2·1.5H2O	Cu_2_Ce_2_(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_5_(OH)_2_·1.5H_2_O	Cu^2+^_2_Ce^3+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_5_(OH)_2_·1.5H_2_O	Cu Ce U O C H	IMA1989-032	976		hexagonal		Cu^2+ Ce^3+ U^6+ O C H	Acy-Ce	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue, Bright blue, Blue green.	#0000ff,#0165fc,#137e6d
355	Astrophyllite	Astrophyllite	K2NaFe2+7Ti4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F	K2NaFe2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F	K_2_NaFe^2+^_7_Ti_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F	K_2_NaFe^2+^_7_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F	K Na Fe Ti Si O H F		977	Astrophyllite-Astrophyllite	triclinic	P1, A1	K Na Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F	Ast	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brown, Brownish red, Bronze yellow, Gold yellow.	#653700,#9e3623,#737000,#fbe870
356	Atacamite	Atacamite	Cu2+2Cl(OH)3	Cu2Cl(OH)3	Cu_2_Cl(OH)_3_	Cu^2+^_2_Cl(OH)_3_	Cu Cl O H		978	Atacamite	orthorhombic	Pnma, Pnam	Cu^2+ Cl O H	Ata	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes	No	Green, Yellow, Yellow green, Black green.	#00ff00,#ffff00,#c8fd3d,#384e49
357	Atelestite	Atelestite	Bi3+2O(As5+O4)(OH)	Bi2O(AsO4)(OH)	Bi_2_O(AsO_4_)(OH)	Bi^3+^_2_O(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)	Bi O As H		979	Atelestite	monoclinic	P21/c	Bi^3+ O As^5+ H	Ale	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Green, Light yellow, Black.	#00ff00,#fffe7a,#000000
358	Atelisite-(Y)	Atelisite-(Y)	Y4Si3O8(OH)8	Y4Si3O8(OH)8	Y_4_Si_3_O_8_(OH)_8_	Y_4_Si_3_O_8_(OH)_8_	Y Si O H	IMA2010-065	5923	Zircon	tetragonal	I42d	Y Si O H	Ael-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No		#fdfdfe
359	Atencioite	Atencioite	Ca2Fe2+3Mg2Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O	Ca2Fe2+3Mg2Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O	Ca_2_Fe^2+^_3_Mg_2_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O	Ca_2_Fe^2+^_3_Mg_2_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O	Ca Fe Mg Be P O H	IMA2004-041	5291	Roscherite	triclinic	P1	Ca Fe^2+ Mg Be P O H	Aco	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Greenish brown.	#696112
360	Athabascaite	Athabascaite	Cu5Se4	Cu5Se4	Cu_5_Se_4_	Cu_5_Se_4_	Cu Se	IMA1969-022	980		orthorhombic		Cu Se	Atb	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Blue gray, Gray white.	#758da3,#d7d5cb
361	Atheneite	Atheneite	Pd2(As0.75Hg0.25)	Pd2(As0.75Hg0.25)	Pd_2_(As_0.75_Hg_0.25_)	Pd_2_(As_0.75_Hg_0.25_)	Pd As Hg	IMA1973-050	981	Barringerite	hexagonal	P6/mmm, P62m	Pd As Hg	Ah	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations	No	Gray white.	#d7d5cb
362	Atlasovite	Atlasovite	Cu2+6Fe3+Bi3+O4(S6+O4)5·KCl	Cu2+6Fe3+Bi3+O4(SO4)5·KCl	Cu^2+^_6_Fe^3+^Bi^3+^O_4_(SO_4_)_5_·KCl	Cu^2+^_6_Fe^3+^Bi^3+^O_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_·KCl	Cu Fe Bi O S K Cl	IMA1986-029	982		tetragonal	P4/ncc	Cu^2+ Fe^3+ Bi^3+ O S^6+ K Cl	Atv	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Dark brown.	#73532a
363	Atokite	Atokite	Pd3Sn	Pd3Sn	Pd_3_Sn	Pd_3_Sn	Pd Sn	IMA1974-041	983	Auricupride, Perovskite	cubic	Fm3m, Pm3m, Pm3m	Pd Sn	Ato	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations	No	White.	#ffffff
364	Attakolite	Attakolite	CaMn2+Al4(HSiO4)(PO4)3(OH)4	CaMn2+Al4(HSiO4)(PO4)3(OH)4	CaMn^2+^Al_4_(HSiO_4_)(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_	CaMn^2+^Al_4_(HSiO_4_)(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_	Ca Mn Al H Si O P	IMA1992 s.p.	984		monoclinic	C2/m	Ca Mn^2+ Al H Si O P	Ako	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White, Pink, Pale red.	#ffffff,#ffc0cb,#752745
365	Attikaite	Attikaite	Ca3Cu2+2Al2(As5+O4)4(OH)4·2H2O	Ca3Cu2Al2(AsO4)4(OH)4·2H2O	Ca_3_Cu_2_Al_2_(AsO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O	Ca_3_Cu^2+^_2_Al_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O	Ca Cu Al As O H	IMA2006-017	5357		orthorhombic		Ca Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O H	Atk	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Light blue, Greenish blue.	#add8e6,#0b8b87
366	Aubertite	Aubertite	Cu2+Al(S6+O4)2Cl·14H2O	Cu2+Al(SO4)2Cl·14H2O	Cu^2+^Al(SO_4_)_2_Cl·14H_2_O	Cu^2+^Al(S^6+^O_4_)_2_Cl·14H_2_O	Cu Al S O Cl H	IMA1978-051	985	Aubertite	triclinic	P1, P1	Cu^2+ Al S^6+ O Cl H	Aub	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Azure, Blue.	#007fff,#0000ff
367	Auerbakhite	Auerbakhite	Mn2+Tl1+2As3+2S2-5	MnTl2As2S5	MnTl_2_As_2_S_5_	Mn^2+^Tl^1+^_2_As^3+^_2_S^2-^_5_	Mn Tl As S	IMA2020-047	7053		orthorhombic	Cmca	Mn^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-	Aue	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Bright red	#ff000d
368	Augelite	Augelite	Al2PO4(OH)3	Al2(PO4)(OH)3	Al_2_(PO_4_)(OH)_3_	Al_2_PO_4_(OH)_3_	Al P O H		986		monoclinic	C2/m	Al P O H	Aul	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, Yellow, Yellow green, White, Light blue.	#afafaf,#ffff00,#c8fd3d,#ffffff,#add8e6
369	Augite	Augite	(Ca,Mg,Fe2+)2Si2O6	(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O6	(Ca,Mg,Fe)_2_Si_2_O_6_	(Ca,Mg,Fe^2+^)_2_Si_2_O_6_	Ca Mg Fe Si O	IMA1988 s.p.	987	Pyroxene	monoclinic	C2/c	Ca Mg Fe^2+ Si O	Aug	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Brown green, Green, Light brown, Dark brown, Black.	#706c11,#00ff00,#b5651d,#73532a,#000000
370	Auriacusite	Auriacusite	Fe3+Cu2+(As5+O4)O	Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O	Fe^3+^Cu^2+^(AsO_4_)O	Fe^3+^Cu^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)O	Fe Cu As O	IMA2009-037	5764	Andalusite	orthorhombic	Pnnm	Fe^3+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O	Aur	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	ochreous yellow	#ffa700
371	Aurichalcite	Aurichalcite	(Zn2+,Cu2+)5(CO3)2(OH)6	(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6	(Zn,Cu)_5_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_	(Zn^2+^,Cu^2+^)_5_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_	Zn Cu C O H		988		monoclinic	P21/m	Zn^2+ Cu^2+ C O H	Ach	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pale green, Sky blue, Greenish blue.	#69b076,#9fb9e2,#0b8b87
372	Auricupride	Auricupride	Cu3Au	Cu3Au	Cu_3_Au	Cu_3_Au	Cu Au		989	Auricupride, Perovskite	cubic	Pm3m	Cu Au	Auc	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites	No	Bronze, Copper.	#a87900,#b87333
373	Aurihydrargyrumite	Aurihydrargyrumite	Au6Hg5	Au6Hg5	Au_6_Hg_5_	Au_6_Hg_5_	Au Hg	IMA2017-003	6646		hexagonal	P63/mcm	Au Hg	Ahg	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No		#fdfdfe
374	Aurivilliusite	Aurivilliusite	Hg1+Hg2+OI1-	Hg1+Hg2+OI	Hg^1+^Hg^2+^OI	Hg^1+^Hg^2+^OI^1-^	Hg O I	IMA2002-022	5192		monoclinic	C2/c	Hg^1+ Hg^2+ O I^1-	Avl	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Dark gray black.	#363737
375	Auropearceite	Auropearceite	[Ag1+9Au1+S2-4][Ag1+6As3+2S2-7]	[Ag9AuS4][Ag6As2S7]	[Ag_9_AuS_4_][Ag_6_As_2_S_7_]	[Ag^1+^_9_Au^1+^S^2-^_4_][Ag^1+^_6_As^3+^_2_S^2-^_7_]	Ag Au S As	IMA2024-025	7549	Polybasite	hexagonal	P321	Ag^1+ Au^1+ S^2- As^3+	Aupea		No		#fdfdfe
376	Auropolybasite	Auropolybasite	[Ag1+9Au1+S2-4][Ag1+6Sb3+2S2-7]	[Ag9AuS4][Ag6Sb2S7]	[Ag_9_AuS_4_][Ag_6_Sb_2_S_7_]	[Ag^1+^_9_Au^1+^S^2-^_4_][Ag^1+^_6_Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_7_]	Ag Au S Sb	IMA2024-006	7473	Polybasite	hexagonal	P321	Ag^1+ Au^1+ S^2- Sb^3+	Auplb		No	dark grey to black	#363737,#000000
377	Aurorite	Aurorite	Mn2+Mn4+3O7·3H2O	Mn2+Mn4+3O7·3H2O	Mn^2+^Mn^4+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O	Mn^2+^Mn^4+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O	Mn O H	IMA1966-031	990		hexagonal	R3	Mn^2+ Mn^4+ O H	Aro	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Grayish black, Black.	#555152,#000000
378	Auroselenide	Auroselenide	AuSe	AuSe	AuSe	AuSe	Au Se	IMA2022-052	7272		monoclinic	C2/m	Au Se	Ause		No		#fdfdfe
379	Aurostibite	Aurostibite	AuSb2	AuSb2	AuSb_2_	AuSb_2_	Au Sb		991	Pyrite	cubic	Pa3	Au Sb	Ausb	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead gray.	#8a7963
380	Austinite	Austinite	CaZn2+As5+O4(OH)	CaZn(AsO4)(OH)	CaZn(AsO_4_)(OH)	CaZn^2+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)	Ca Zn As O H		992	Adelite	orthorhombic	P212121	Ca Zn^2+ As^5+ O H	Aus	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown, Colorless, Green, Yellowish white, White.	#653700,#afafaf,#00ff00,#e9f1d0,#ffffff
381	Autunite	Autunite	Ca(U6+O2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O	Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O	Ca(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·10-12H_2_O	Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·10-12H_2_O	Ca U O P H		993	Autunite	orthorhombic	Pnma	Ca U^6+ O P H	Aut	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization	No	Yellow, Pale yellow, Lemon yellow, Greenish yellow, Pale green.	#ffff00,#eecf9e,#cfff04,#cdfd02,#69b076
382	Avdeevite	Avdeevite	NaAl4(Be5Li)(Si6O18)2(H2O)1-2	NaAl4(Be5Li)(Si6O18)2(H2O)1-2	NaAl_4_(Be_5_Li)(Si_6_O_18_)_2_(H_2_O)_1-2_	NaAl_4_(Be_5_Li)(Si_6_O_18_)_2_(H_2_O)_1-2_	Na Al Be Li Si O H	IMA2018-109	6843	Beryl	hexagonal	P6/mcc	Na Al Be Li Si O H	Avd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Pink	#ffc0cb
383	Avdoninite	Avdoninite	K2Cu2+5Cl8(OH)4·2H2O	K2Cu5Cl8(OH)4·2H2O	K_2_Cu_5_Cl_8_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O	K_2_Cu^2+^_5_Cl_8_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O	K Cu Cl O H	IMA2005-046a	5318		monoclinic	P21/c	K Cu^2+ Cl O H	Avn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Green.	#00ff00
384	Averievite	Averievite	Cu2+5O2(V5+O4)2·Cu2+Cl2	Cu5O2(VO4)2·CuCl2	Cu_5_O_2_(VO_4_)_2_·CuCl_2_	Cu^2+^_5_O_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_·Cu^2+^Cl_2_	Cu O V Cl	IMA1995-027	994		hexagonal	P3	Cu^2+ O V^5+ Cl	Avv	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Black.	#000000
385	Avicennite	Avicennite	Tl3+2O3	Tl2O3	Tl_2_O_3_	Tl^3+^_2_O_3_	Tl O		995	Bixbyite	cubic	Ia3, I213	Tl^3+ O	Avc	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Grayish black.	#555152
386	Avogadrite	Avogadrite	KBF4	KBF4	KBF_4_	KBF_4_	K B F		996	Baryte	orthorhombic	Pnma, Pbnm	K B F	Avg	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colorless, White, Yellowish, Reddish.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#faee66,#c44240
387	Awaruite	Awaruite	Ni3Fe	Ni3Fe	Ni_3_Fe	Ni_3_Fe	Ni Fe		997	Auricupride, Perovskite	cubic	Fm3m, Pm3m	Ni Fe	Awr	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites	No	Gray white, Silver white, Tin white.	#d7d5cb,#e7e8e3,#cfd5db
388	Axelite	Axelite	Na14Cu2+7(As5+O4)8F2Cl2	Na14Cu7(AsO4)8F2Cl2	Na_14_Cu_7_(AsO_4_)_8_F_2_Cl_2_	Na_14_Cu^2+^_7_(As^5+^O_4_)_8_F_2_Cl_2_	Na Cu As O F Cl	IMA2017-015a	6676	Not in a structural group	tetragonal	P4bm	Na Cu^2+ As^5+ O F Cl	Axe	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No		#fdfdfe
389	Axinite-(Fe)	Axinite-(Fe)	Ca4Fe2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2	Ca4Fe2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2	Ca_4_Fe^2+^_2_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_	Ca_4_Fe^2+^_2_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_	Ca Fe Al B Si O H	IMA1968 s.p.	1880	Axinite	triclinic	P1	Ca Fe^2+ Al B Si O H	Ax-Fe	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Brown, Purplish blue, Gray, Greenish yellow.	#653700,#6140ef,#808080,#cdfd02
390	Axinite-(Mg)	Axinite-(Mg)	Ca4Mg2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2	Ca4Mg2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2	Ca_4_Mg_2_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_	Ca_4_Mg_2_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_	Ca Mg Al B Si O H	IMA1975-025	2930	Axinite	triclinic	P1	Ca Mg Al B Si O H	Ax-Mg	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Brown, Purplish blue, Gray, Greenish yellow.	#653700,#6140ef,#808080,#cdfd02
391	Axinite-(Mn)	Axinite-(Mn)	Ca4Mn2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2	Ca4Mn2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2	Ca_4_Mn^2+^_2_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_	Ca_4_Mn^2+^_2_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_	Ca Mn Al B Si O H	IMA2004 s.p.	2992	Axinite	triclinic	P1	Ca Mn^2+ Al B Si O H	Ax-Mn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Brown, Colorless, Yellowish, Pale violet, Reddish.	#653700,#afafaf,#faee66,#c6c3d6,#c44240
392	Azoproite	Azoproite	Mg2((Ti4+,Mg),Fe3+)O2BO3	Mg2[(Ti,Mg),Fe3+]O2(BO3)	Mg_2_[(Ti,Mg),Fe^3+^]O_2_(BO_3_)	Mg_2_((Ti^4+^,Mg),Fe^3+^)O_2_BO_3_	Mg Ti Fe O B	IMA1970-021	998	Ludwigite	orthorhombic	Pbam	Mg Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O B	Azo	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Black.	#000000
393	Azurite	Azurite	Cu2+3(CO3)2(OH)2	Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2	Cu_3_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_	Cu^2+^_3_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_	Cu C O H		999	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/c	Cu^2+ C O H	Azu	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Azure blue, Blue, Light blue, Dark blue.	#4d91c6,#0000ff,#add8e6,#315b7d
394	Babánekite	Babanekite	Cu2+3(As5+O4)2·8H2O	Cu3(AsO4)2·8H2O	Cu_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O	Cu^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O	Cu As O H	IMA2012-007	6063	Vivianite	monoclinic	C2/m	Cu^2+ As^5+ O H	Bbá	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pinkish to peach-colored	#d46a7e,#fce2d8
395	Babefphite	Babefphite	BaBePO4F	BaBe(PO4)F	BaBe(PO_4_)F	BaBePO_4_F	Ba Be P O F	IMA1966-003	1000		tetragonal, orthorhombic, triclinic	Fdd2, F1	Ba Be P O F	Bbf	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	White.	#ffffff
396	Babingtonite	Babingtonite	Ca2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)	Ca2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)	Ca_2_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^Si_5_O_14_(OH)	Ca_2_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^Si_5_O_14_(OH)	Ca Fe Si O H		1001	Rhodonite	triclinic	P1, P1	Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H	Bab	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Brownish black, Greenish black, Black.	#413936,#454445,#000000
397	Babkinite	Babkinite	Pb2Bi2(S,Se)3	Pb2Bi2(S,Se)3	Pb_2_Bi_2_(S,Se)_3_	Pb_2_Bi_2_(S,Se)_3_	Pb Bi S Se	IMA1994-030	1002	Tetradymite	hexagonal		Pb Bi S Se	Bbk	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Silvery gray.	#a8a8a4
398	Babunaite-(Nd)	Babunaite-(Nd)	Nd(As5+O4)	Nd(AsO4)	Nd(AsO_4_)	Nd(As^5+^O_4_)	Nd As O	IMA2025-032	7590	Scheelite	tetragonal	I41/a	Nd As^5+ O	Bbu-Nd		No		#fdfdfe
399	Bacaferrite	Bacaferrite	BaCaFe3+4O8	BaCaFe4O8	BaCaFe_4_O_8_	BaCaFe^3+^_4_O_8_	Ba Ca Fe O	IMA2023-109	7456	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	P31m	Ba Ca Fe^3+ O	Bcf		No		#fdfdfe
400	Backite	Backite	Pb2+2AlTe6+O6Cl	Pb2AlTeO6Cl	Pb_2_AlTeO_6_Cl	Pb^2+^_2_AlTe^6+^O_6_Cl	Pb Al Te O Cl	IMA2013-113	6272	Backite	hexagonal	P312	Pb^2+ Al Te^6+ O Cl	Bac	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Dark to pale blue-grey	#1b2431,#a2adb1
401	Badakhshanite-(Y)	Badakhshanite-(Y)	Y2Mn2+4Al(Si2B7BeO24)	Y2Mn4Al(Si2B7BeO24)	Y_2_Mn_4_Al(Si_2_B_7_BeO_24_)	Y_2_Mn^2+^_4_Al(Si_2_B_7_BeO_24_)	Y Mn Al Si B Be O	IMA2018-085	6815	Perettiite	orthorhombic	Pnma, Pmna	Y Mn^2+ Al Si B Be O	Bad-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Yellow-brown	#ae8b0c
402	Badalovite	Badalovite	NaNaMg(MgFe3+)(As5+O4)3	NaNaMg(MgFe3+)(AsO4)3	NaNaMg(MgFe^3+^)(AsO_4_)_3_	NaNaMg(MgFe^3+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_3_	Na Mg Fe As O	IMA2016-053	6581	Alluaudite	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Mg Fe^3+ As^5+ O	Bdl	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Green, grey, yellow, colorless	#00ff00,#808080,#ffff00,#afafaf
403	Baddeleyite	Baddeleyite	Zr4+O2	ZrO2	ZrO_2_	Zr^4+^O_2_	Zr O		1003	Baddeleyite	monoclinic, orthorhombic	P21/c, Pbc21	Zr^4+ O	Bdy	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Brown, Brownish black, Colorless, Green, Greenish brown.	#653700,#413936,#afafaf,#00ff00,#696112
404	Badengzhuite	Badengzhuite	TiP	TiP	TiP	TiP	Ti P	IMA2019-076	6961		hexagonal	P63/mmc	Ti P	Bdz	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites	No		#fdfdfe
405	Bafertisite	Bafertisite	Ba2Fe2+4Ti4+2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2	Ba2Fe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2	Ba_2_Fe^2+^_4_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_F_2_	Ba_2_Fe^2+^_4_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_F_2_	Ba Fe Ti Si O H F	IMA2016 s.p.	1004	Seidozerite-Bafertisite	orthorhombic, monoclinic	Cm	Ba Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F	Bft	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Red, Yellowish red, Light brown.	#ff0000,#edeeda,#b5651d
406	Baghdadite	Baghdadite	Ca3Zr4+(Si2O7)O2	Ca6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4	Ca_6_Zr_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_4_	Ca_3_Zr^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)O_2_	Ca Zr Si O	IMA1982-075	1005	Wöhlerite	monoclinic	P21/a, P21/c	Ca Zr^4+ Si O	Bgd	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
407	Bahariyaite	Bahariyaite	K(MnO4)1-	KMnO4	KMnO_4_	K(MnO_4_)^1-^	K Mn O	IMA2020-022	7044	Baryte	orthorhombic	Pnma	K Mn O	Bah	Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No		#fdfdfe
408	Bahianite	Bahianite	Al5Sb5+3O14(OH)2	Al5Sb5+3O14(OH)2	Al_5_Sb^5+^_3_O_14_(OH)_2_	Al_5_Sb^5+^_3_O_14_(OH)_2_	Al Sb O H	IMA1974-027	1006		monoclinic	C2/m	Al Sb^5+ O H	Bhi	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, Violet, Cream white, Light brown.	#afafaf,#9a0eea,#f2eee2,#b5651d
409	Baiamareite	Baiamareite	Ag1+4Pb2+12Fe2+4Sb3+20S2-48	Ag4Pb12Fe4Sb20S48	Ag_4_Pb_12_Fe_4_Sb_20_S_48_	Ag^1+^_4_Pb^2+^_12_Fe^2+^_4_Sb^3+^_20_S^2-^_48_	Ag Pb Fe Sb S	IMA2023-044	7394	Lillianite	monoclinic	P21/n	Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Fe^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Bmt		No		#fdfdfe
410	Baileychlore	Baileychlore	(Zn2+,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8	(Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8	(Zn,Fe^2+^,Al,Mg)_6_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_8_	(Zn^2+^,Fe^2+^,Al,Mg)_6_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_8_	Zn Fe Al Mg Si O H	IMA1986-056	1007	Chlorite, Clay	monoclinic, triclinic	Ib, C1	Zn^2+ Fe^2+ Al Mg Si O H	Blc	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow green, Dark green.	#c8fd3d,#033500
411	Bainbridgeite-(NdCe)	Bainbridgeite-(NdCe)	Na2Ba2NdCe3+(CO3)6·3H2O	Na2Ba2NdCe(CO3)6·3H2O	Na_2_Ba_2_NdCe(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O	Na_2_Ba_2_NdCe^3+^(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O	Na Ba Nd Ce C O H	IMA2023-018	7374	Mckelveyite	triclinic	P1	Na Ba Nd Ce^3+ C O H	Bbg-NdCe		No		#fdfdfe
412	Bainbridgeite-(YCe)	Bainbridgeite-(YCe)	Na2Ba2YCe3+(CO3)6·3H2O	Na2Ba2YCe(CO3)6·3H2O	Na_2_Ba_2_YCe(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O	Na_2_Ba_2_YCe^3+^(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O	Na Ba Y Ce C O H	IMA2020-065	7078	Mckelveyite	triclinic	P1	Na Ba Y Ce^3+ C O H	Bbg	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	pale yellow to yellow, orange-yellow, orange, grey to almost black, bluish grey, green-grey, green, or even white	#eecf9e,#ffff00,#fdb915,#ffa500,#808080,#c2ebd1,#748b97,#7ea07a,#00ff00,#795d34
413	Bairdite	Bairdite	Pb2+2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(S6+O4)·H2O	Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4)·H2O	Pb_2_Cu^2+^_4_Te^6+^_2_O_10_(OH)_2_(SO_4_)·H_2_O	Pb^2+^_2_Cu^2+^_4_Te^6+^_2_O_10_(OH)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)·H_2_O	Pb Cu Te O H S	IMA2012-061	6117	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/c	Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H S^6+	Bai	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Lime green	#8ead2c
414	Bakakinite	Bakakinite	Ca2V5+2O7	Ca2V2O7	Ca_2_V_2_O_7_	Ca_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_	Ca V O	IMA2022-046	7266	Anastasenkoite	triclinic	P1	Ca V^5+ O	Bkkn		No	colourless or pale yellow	#afafaf,#eecf9e
415	Bakhchisaraitsevite	Bakhchisaraitsevite	Na2Mg5(PO4)4·7H2O	Na2Mg5(PO4)4·7H2O	Na_2_Mg_5_(PO_4_)_4_·7H_2_O	Na_2_Mg_5_(PO_4_)_4_·7H_2_O	Na Mg P O H	IMA1999-005	1009		monoclinic	P21/c	Na Mg P O H	Bkc	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colorless, Yellowish white, Greenish white.	#afafaf,#e9f1d0,#d1f1de
416	Baksanite	Baksanite	Bi6Te2S3	Bi6Te2S3	Bi_6_Te_2_S_3_	Bi_6_Te_2_S_3_	Bi Te S	IMA1992-042	1010	Tetradymite	hexagonal	P3m1	Bi Te S	Bks	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Steel gray.	#43464b
417	Balangeroite	Balangeroite	Mg21Si8O27(OH)20	Mg21Si8O27(OH)20	Mg_21_Si_8_O_27_(OH)_20_	Mg_21_Si_8_O_27_(OH)_20_	Mg Si O H	IMA1982-002	1011		orthorhombic, monoclinic, triclinic	P2/n, P1	Mg Si O H	Bal	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites	No	Brownish yellow, Dark brown.	#c9b003,#73532a
418	Balestraite	Balestraite	KLi2V5+Si4O12	KLi2V5+Si4O12	KLi_2_V^5+^Si_4_O_12_	KLi_2_V^5+^Si_4_O_12_	K Li V Si O	IMA2013-080	6239	Mica	monoclinic	C2	K Li V^5+ Si O	Bls	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Pale yellow	#eecf9e
419	Balićžunićite	Baliczunicite	Bi3+2O(S6+O4)2	Bi2O(SO4)2	Bi_2_O(SO_4_)_2_	Bi^3+^_2_O(S^6+^O_4_)_2_	Bi O S	IMA2012-098	6161		triclinic	P1	Bi^3+ O S^6+	Bžć	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	colourless, white, pale brown	#afafaf,#ffffff,#b1916e
420	Balipholite	Balipholite	LiBaMg2Al3(Si2O6)2(OH)8	LiBaMg2Al3(Si2O6)2(OH)8	LiBaMg_2_Al_3_(Si_2_O_6_)_2_(OH)_8_	LiBaMg_2_Al_3_(Si_2_O_6_)_2_(OH)_8_	Li Ba Mg Al Si O H		1012	Carpholite	orthorhombic	Ccca	Li Ba Mg Al Si O H	Blp	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	White, Light yellow.	#ffffff,#fffe7a
421	Balkanite	Balkanite	Ag5Cu9HgS8	Ag5Cu9HgS8	Ag_5_Cu_9_HgS_8_	Ag_5_Cu_9_HgS_8_	Ag Cu Hg S	IMA1971-009	1013		orthorhombic, monoclinic	Pmmm, P2/m	Ag Cu Hg S	Bkn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray, Steel gray.	#808080,#43464b
422	Balliranoite	Balliranoite	(Na,K)6Ca2(Si6Al6O24)Cl2(CO3)	(Na,K)6Ca2(Si6Al6O24)Cl2(CO3)	(Na,K)_6_Ca_2_(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)Cl_2_(CO_3_)	(Na,K)_6_Ca_2_(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)Cl_2_(CO_3_)	Na K Ca Si Al O Cl C	IMA2008-065	5725	Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite	hexagonal	P63	Na K Ca Si Al O Cl C	Blr	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless	#afafaf
423	Balyakinite	Balyakinite	Cu2+Te4+O3	Cu2+(Te4+O3)	Cu^2+^(Te^4+^O_3_)	Cu^2+^Te^4+^O_3_	Cu Te O	IMA1980-001	1014		orthorhombic	Pmcn	Cu^2+ Te^4+ O	Byk	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue green, Gray green.	#137e6d,#86a17d
424	Bambollaite	Bambollaite	Cu(Se,Te)2	Cu(Se,Te)2	Cu(Se,Te)_2_	Cu(Se,Te)_2_	Cu Se Te	IMA1965-014	1015		tetragonal	I41/amd	Cu Se Te	Bmb	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brownish gray, Gray.	#86775f,#808080
425	Bamfordite	Bamfordite	Fe3+Mo6+2O6(OH)3·H2O	Fe3+Mo2O6(OH)3·H2O	Fe^3+^Mo_2_O_6_(OH)_3_·H_2_O	Fe^3+^Mo^6+^_2_O_6_(OH)_3_·H_2_O	Fe Mo O H	IMA1996-059	1016		triclinic	P1	Fe^3+ Mo^6+ O H	Bfd	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Green, Yellowish green.	#00ff00,#b0dd16
426	Banalsite	Banalsite	Na2BaAl4Si4O16	Na2BaAl4Si4O16	Na_2_BaAl_4_Si_4_O_16_	Na_2_BaAl_4_Si_4_O_16_	Na Ba Al Si O		1017		orthorhombic	Iba2, Ibam	Na Ba Al Si O	Bns	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	White.	#ffffff
427	Bandylite	Bandylite	Cu2+B(OH)4Cl	CuB(OH)4Cl	CuB(OH)_4_Cl	Cu^2+^B(OH)_4_Cl	Cu B O H Cl		1018		tetragonal	P4/nmm, P4/n	Cu^2+ B O H Cl	Bny	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Dark blue.	#315b7d
428	Bannermanite	Bannermanite	(Na,K)xV4+xV5+6-xO15 (0.5	(Na,K)xV4+xV5+6-xO15 (0.5	(Na,K)_x_V^4+^_x_V^5+^_6-x_O_15_ (0.5	(Na,K)_x_V^4+^_x_V^5+^_6-x_O_15_ (0.5	Na K V O	IMA1980-010	1019		monoclinic	C2/m	Na K V^4+ V^5+ O	Bnm	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Black.	#000000
429	Bannisterite	Bannisterite	(Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8·nH2O	(Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8·nH2O	(Ca,K,Na)(Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^)_10_(Si,Al)_16_O_38_(OH)_8_·nH_2_O	(Ca,K,Na)(Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^)_10_(Si,Al)_16_O_38_(OH)_8_·nH_2_O	Ca K Na Mn Fe Si Al O H	IMA1967-005	4972	Stilpnomelane, Clay	monoclinic	A2/a	Ca K Na Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Si Al O H	Ban	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Dark brown, Black.	#73532a,#000000
430	Baotite	Baotite	Ba4(Ti4+,Nb5+,W6+)8O16(SiO3)4Cl	Ba4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl	Ba_4_(Ti,Nb,W)_8_O_16_(SiO_3_)_4_Cl	Ba_4_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^,W^6+^)_8_O_16_(SiO_3_)_4_Cl	Ba Ti Nb W O Si Cl	IMA1962 s.p.	1020	Baotite	tetragonal	I41/a	Ba Ti^4+ Nb^5+ W^6+ O Si Cl	Bao	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Light brown, Black.	#b5651d,#000000
431	Barahonaite-(Al)	Barahonaite-(Al)	(Ca,Cu2+,Na,Fe3+,Al)12Al2(As5+O4)8(OH,Cl)x·nH2O	(Ca,Cu,Na,Fe3+,Al)12Al2(AsO4)8(OH,Cl)x·nH2O	(Ca,Cu,Na,Fe^3+^,Al)_12_Al_2_(AsO_4_)_8_(OH,Cl)_x_·nH_2_O	(Ca,Cu^2+^,Na,Fe^3+^,Al)_12_Al_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_8_(OH,Cl)_x_·nH_2_O	Ca Cu Na Fe Al As O H Cl	IMA2006-051	5592		monoclinic		Ca Cu^2+ Na Fe^3+ Al As^5+ O H Cl	Bho-Al	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pale blue.	#d0fefe
432	Barahonaite-(Fe)	Barahonaite-(Fe)	(Ca,Cu2+,Na,Fe3+,Al)12Fe3+2(As5+O4)8(OH,Cl)x·nH2O	(Ca,Cu,Na,Fe3+,Al)12Fe3+2(AsO4)8(OH,Cl)x·nH2O	(Ca,Cu,Na,Fe^3+^,Al)_12_Fe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_8_(OH,Cl)_x_·nH_2_O	(Ca,Cu^2+^,Na,Fe^3+^,Al)_12_Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_8_(OH,Cl)_x_·nH_2_O	Ca Cu Na Fe Al As O H Cl	IMA2006-052	5593		monoclinic		Ca Cu^2+ Na Fe^3+ Al As^5+ O H Cl	Bho-Fe	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Greenish yellow.	#cdfd02
433	Bararite	Bararite	(N3-H4)2SiF6	(NH4)2SiF6	(NH_4_)_2_SiF_6_	(N^3-^H_4_)_2_SiF_6_	N H Si F		1021		hexagonal	R3m, P3m1	N^3- H Si F	Brr	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	White.	#ffffff
434	Baratovite	Baratovite	KLi3Ca7Ti4+2(SiO3)12F2	KLi3Ca7Ti2(SiO3)12F2	KLi_3_Ca_7_Ti_2_(SiO_3_)_12_F_2_	KLi_3_Ca_7_Ti^4+^_2_(SiO_3_)_12_F_2_	K Li Ca Ti Si O F	IMA1974-055	1022	Baratovite	monoclinic	C2/c	K Li Ca Ti^4+ Si O F	Btv	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	Pearl white.	#f3f2ed
435	Barberiite	Barberiite	N3-H4BF4	(NH4)BF4	(NH_4_)BF_4_	N^3-^H_4_BF_4_	N H B F	IMA1993-008	1023	Baryte	orthorhombic	Pnma, Pbnm	N^3- H B F	Bbi	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
436	Barbosalite	Barbosalite	Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2	Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2	Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_	Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_	Fe P O H		1025	Lazulite	monoclinic	P21/c, P21/n	Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H	Bsa	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue green, Green blue, Greenish black, Black.	#137e6d,#42b395,#454445,#000000
437	Barentsite	Barentsite	Na7Al(CO3)2(HCO3)2F4	Na7Al(HCO3)2(CO3)2F4	Na_7_Al(HCO_3_)_2_(CO_3_)_2_F_4_	Na_7_Al(CO_3_)_2_(HCO_3_)_2_F_4_	Na Al H C O F	IMA1982-101	1026		triclinic	P1	Na Al C O H F	Brts	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
438	Bariandite	Bariandite	Al0.6(V5+,V4+)8O20·9H2O	Al0.6(V5+,V4+)8O20·9H2O	Al_0.6_(V^5+^,V^4+^)_8_O_20_·9H_2_O	Al_0.6_(V^5+^,V^4+^)_8_O_20_·9H_2_O	Al V O H	IMA1970-043	1027	Straczekite	monoclinic	C2/c	Al V^5+ V^4+ O H	Brd	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Blue black.	#24313d
439	Barićite	Baricite	(Mg,Fe2+)3(PO4)2·8H2O	(Mg,Fe)3(PO4)2·8H2O	(Mg,Fe)_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O	(Mg,Fe^2+^)_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O	Mg Fe P O H	IMA1975-027	1028	Vivianite	monoclinic	C2/m	Mg Fe^2+ P O H	Bć	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pale blue, medium blue, colorless	#d0fefe,#0000cd,#afafaf
440	Barikaite	Barikaite	Ag1+3Pb2+10(Sb3+8As3+11)S2-40	Ag3Pb10(Sb8As11)Σ19S40	Ag_3_Pb_10_(Sb_8_As_11_)_Σ19_S_40_	Ag^1+^_3_Pb^2+^_10_(Sb^3+^_8_As^3+^_11_)S^2-^_40_	Ag Pb Sb As S	IMA2012-055	6111	Sartorite	monoclinic	P21/n	Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-	Bka	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	greyish black	#555152
441	Barioferrite	Barioferrite	BaFe3+12O19	BaFe3+12O19	BaFe^3+^_12_O_19_	BaFe^3+^_12_O_19_	Ba Fe O	IMA2009-030	5757	Magnetoplumbite	hexagonal	P63/mmc	Ba Fe^3+ O	Baf	Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Black	#000000
442	Bariolakargiite	Bariolakargiite	BaZr4+O3	BaZrO3	BaZrO_3_	BaZr^4+^O_3_	Ba Zr O	IMA2025-009	7574	Perovskite	cubic	Pm3m	Ba Zr^4+ O	Blak		No		#fdfdfe
443	Bario-olgite	Bario-olgite	Na(Na,Sr,Ce3+)2Ba(PO4)2	Na(Na,Sr,Ce)2Ba(PO4)2	Na(Na,Sr,Ce)_2_Ba(PO_4_)_2_	Na(Na,Sr,Ce^3+^)_2_Ba(PO_4_)_2_	Na Sr Ce Ba P O	IMA2003-002	5183	Aphthitalite	hexagonal, tetragonal	P3, I42d	Na Sr Ce^3+ Ba P O	Bolg	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Light green.	#76ff7b
444	Bario-orthojoaquinite	Bario-orthojoaquinite	Ba4Fe2+2Ti4+2O2(SiO3)8·H2O	Ba4Fe2+2Ti2O2(SiO3)8·H2O	Ba_4_Fe^2+^_2_Ti_2_O_2_(SiO_3_)_8_·H_2_O	Ba_4_Fe^2+^_2_Ti^4+^_2_O_2_(SiO_3_)_8_·H_2_O	Ba Fe Ti O Si H	IMA1979-081	1029	Joaquinite	orthorhombic	Ccmm	Ba Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O Si H	Bojq	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Yellow, Yellowish brown.	#ffff00,#9b7a01
445	Barioperovskite	Barioperovskite	BaTi4+O3	BaTiO3	BaTiO_3_	BaTi^4+^O_3_	Ba Ti O	IMA2006-040	5518	Perovskite	orthorhombic	Amm2	Ba Ti^4+ O	Bprv	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism	No		#fdfdfe
446	Bariopharmacoalumite	Bariopharmacoalumite	Ba0.5Al4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·4H2O	Ba0.5Al4[(AsO4)3(OH)4]·4H2O	Ba_0.5_Al_4_[(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_]·4H_2_O	Ba_0.5_Al_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O	Ba Al As O H	IMA2010-041	5871	Pharmacosiderite	cubic, tetragonal	P43m, I42m	Ba Al As^5+ O H	Bpal	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colourless to pale yellow	#afafaf,#eecf9e
447	Bariopharmacosiderite	Bariopharmacosiderite	Ba0.5Fe3+4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·5H2O	Ba0.5Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·5H2O	Ba_0.5_Fe^3+^_4_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O	Ba_0.5_Fe^3+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O	Ba Fe As O H	IMA1994 s.p.	1035	Pharmacosiderite	cubic, tetragonal	P43m, P42m	Ba Fe^3+ As^5+ O H	Bpsd	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown.	#653700
448	Bariosincosite	Bariosincosite	Ba(V4+O)2(PO4)2·4H2O	Ba(VO)2(PO4)2·4H2O	Ba(VO)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Ba(V^4+^O)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Ba V O P H	IMA1998-047	1032	Meta-autunite	tetragonal, monoclinic	Pn	Ba V^4+ O P H	Bscs	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pale green, Pale bluish green.	#69b076,#dfafa4
449	Barkovite	Barkovite	Ni1.5Sn	Ni1.5Sn	Ni_1.5_Sn	Ni_1.5_Sn	Ni Sn	IMA2024-095	7562	Nickeline	hexagonal	P63/mmc	Ni Sn	Bark		No		#fdfdfe
450	Barlowite	Barlowite	Cu2+4BrF(OH)6	Cu4BrF(OH)6	Cu_4_BrF(OH)_6_	Cu^2+^_4_BrF(OH)_6_	Cu Br F O H	IMA2010-020	5849	Claringbullite	hexagonal	P63/mmc	Cu^2+ Br F O H	Blw	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue	#0000ff
451	Barnesite	Barnesite	Na2V5+6O16·3H2O	Na2V5+6O16·3H2O	Na_2_V^5+^_6_O_16_·3H_2_O	Na_2_V^5+^_6_O_16_·3H_2_O	Na V O H	IMA1967 s.p.	1036	Hewettite	monoclinic	P21	Na V^5+ O H	Bar	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Brown red, Dark red.	#922b05,#840000
452	Barquillite	Barquillite	Cu1+2(Cd2+,Fe2+)Ge4+S2-4	Cu2(Cd,Fe)GeS4	Cu_2_(Cd,Fe)GeS_4_	Cu^1+^_2_(Cd^2+^,Fe^2+^)Ge^4+^S^2-^_4_	Cu Cd Fe Ge S	IMA1996-050	1037	Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite	tetragonal	I42m	Cu^1+ Cd^2+ Fe^2+ Ge^4+ S^2-	Bql	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits	No	Gray.	#808080
453	Barrerite	Barrerite	Na2(Al2Si7)O18·6H2O	Na2(Si7Al2)O18·6H2O	Na_2_(Si_7_Al_2_)O_18_·6H_2_O	Na_2_(Al_2_Si_7_)O_18_·6H_2_O	Na Si Al O H	IMA1974-017	1038	Stilbite	orthorhombic	Fmmm, Amma	Na Al Si O H	Bre	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals	No	White, Pink.	#ffffff,#ffc0cb
454	Barringerite	Barringerite	(Fe,Ni)2P	(Fe,Ni)2P	(Fe,Ni)_2_P	(Fe,Ni)_2_P	Fe Ni P	IMA1968-037	1039	Barringerite	hexagonal	P62m, P321	Fe Ni P	Bgr	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Gray white.	#d7d5cb
455	Barroisite	Barroisite	☐NaCa[Mg3Al2](Si7Al)O22(OH)2	☐(NaCa)(Mg3Al2)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2	[box](NaCa)(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_	[box]NaCa[Mg_3_Al_2_](Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_	Na Ca Mg Al Si O H	IMA2012 s.p.	1041	Amphibole	monoclinic	C2/m	Na Ca Mg Al Si O H	Brs	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism	No	Blue.	#0000ff
456	Barronite	Barronite	(☐0.5Ba0.5)(U6+O2)2Si5O12(OH)·2H2O	(☐0.5Ba0.5)(UO2)2Si5O12(OH)·2H2O	([box]_0.5_Ba_0.5_)(UO_2_)_2_Si_5_O_12_(OH)·2H_2_O	([box]_0.5_Ba_0.5_)(U^6+^O_2_)_2_Si_5_O_12_(OH)·2H_2_O	Ba U O Si H	IMA2024-053	7507		monoclinic	C2/m	Ba U^6+ O Si H	Barr		No	pale yellow	#eecf9e
457	Barrotite	Barrotite	Cu2+9Al(HSiO4)2(S6+O4)(HAs5+O4)0.5(OH)12·8H2O	Cu9Al(HSiO4)2[(SO4)(HAsO4)0.5](OH)12·8H2O	Cu_9_Al(HSiO_4_)_2_[(SO_4_)(HAsO_4_)_0.5_](OH)_12_·8H_2_O	Cu^2+^_9_Al(HSiO_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(HAs^5+^O_4_)_0.5_(OH)_12_·8H_2_O	Cu Al H Si O S As	IMA2011-063a	6156	Chalcophyllite	hexagonal	P31	Cu^2+ Al H Si O S^6+ As^5+	Bro	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Intense blue	#682d63
458	Barrydawsonite-(Y)	Barrydawsonite-(Y)	Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O9H	Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O9H	Na_1.5_Y_0.5_CaSi_3_O_9_H	Na_1.5_Y_0.5_CaSi_3_O_9_H	Na Y Ca Si O H	IMA2014-042	6337	Pectolite	monoclinic	P21/a	Na Y Ca Si O H	Bdw-Y	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Colourless	#afafaf
459	Barstowite	Barstowite	Pb2+4CO3Cl6·H2O	Pb4(CO3)Cl6·H2O	Pb_4_(CO_3_)Cl_6_·H_2_O	Pb^2+^_4_CO_3_Cl_6_·H_2_O	Pb C O Cl H	IMA1989-057	1042		monoclinic	P21/m	Pb^2+ C O Cl H	Bsw	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
460	Bartelkeite	Bartelkeite	Pb2+Fe2+Ge(Ge2O7)(OH)2·H2O	PbFe2+Ge(Ge2O7)(OH)2·H2O	PbFe^2+^Ge(Ge_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O	Pb^2+^Fe^2+^Ge(Ge_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O	Pb Fe Ge O H	IMA1979-029	1043	Lawsonite	monoclinic	P21/m	Pb^2+ Fe^2+ Ge O H	Btk	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, Light green.	#afafaf,#76ff7b
461	Bartonite	Bartonite	K6Fe20S26S	K6Fe20S26S	K_6_Fe_20_S_26_S	K_6_Fe_20_S_26_S	K Fe S	IMA1977-039	1044	Djerfisherite	tetragonal	I4/mmm	K Fe S	Btn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Black brown.	#73532a
462	Barwoodite	Barwoodite	Mn2+6(Nb5+,☐)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6	Mn2+6(Nb5+,☐)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6	Mn^2+^_6_(Nb^5+^,[box])_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(O,OH)_6_	Mn^2+^_6_(Nb^5+^,[box])_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(O,OH)_6_	Mn Nb Si O H	IMA2017-046	6678	Welinite	hexagonal	P3	Mn^2+ Nb^5+ Si O H	Bwo	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Brownish red	#9e3623
463	Barylite	Barylite	BaBe2Si2O7	BaBe2Si2O7	BaBe_2_Si_2_O_7_	BaBe_2_Si_2_O_7_	Ba Be Si O	IMA2014 s.p.	1045		orthorhombic, monoclinic	Pmn21, Pnma, Pn21a, Pm	Ba Be Si O	By	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Bluish, Colorless, White.	#2976bb,#afafaf,#ffffff
464	Barysilite	Barysilite	Pb2+8Mn2+(Si2O7)3	Pb8Mn(Si2O7)3	Pb_8_Mn(Si_2_O_7_)_3_	Pb^2+^_8_Mn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)_3_	Pb Mn Si O		1046		hexagonal	R3c	Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Si O	Bsl	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	White, Gray.	#ffffff,#808080
465	Baryte	Baryte	BaS6+O4	Ba(SO4)	Ba(SO_4_)	BaS^6+^O_4_	Ba S O	IMA1971 s.p.	1033	Baryte	orthorhombic	Pbnm, Pnma	Ba S^6+ O	Brt	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No		#fdfdfe
466	Barytocalcite	Barytocalcite	BaCa(CO3)2	BaCa(CO3)2	BaCa(CO_3_)_2_	BaCa(CO_3_)_2_	Ba Ca C O		1047		monoclinic	P21, P21/m	Ba Ca C O	Bcal	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	White, Yellow, Gray, Greenish gray.	#ffffff,#ffff00,#808080,#96ae8d
467	Barytolamprophyllite	Barytolamprophyllite	(BaK)Ti4+2Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2	(BaK)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2	(BaK)Ti_2_Na_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_	(BaK)Ti^4+^_2_Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_	Ba K Ti Na Si O H	IMA2016 s.p.	1048	Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite	monoclinic	C2/m	Ba K Ti^4+ Na Si O H	Blmp	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Golden brown, Dark brown.	#b27a01,#73532a
468	Bassanite	Bassanite	CaS6+O4·0.5H2O	Ca(SO4)·0.5H2O	Ca(SO_4_)·0.5H_2_O	CaS^6+^O_4_·0.5H_2_O	Ca S O H		1050	Rhabdophane	hexagonal, monoclinic	I2, P3121, P3221, C2, B2	Ca S^6+ O H	Bss	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colorless, Snow white.	#afafaf,#eeffee
469	Bassetite	Bassetite	Fe2+(U6+O2)2(PO4)2(H2O)10	Fe2+(UO2)2(PO4)2(H2O)10	Fe^2+^(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_10_	Fe^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_10_	Fe U O P H		1051		monoclinic, tetragonal	P21/m, P21/n	Fe^2+ U^6+ O P H	Bas	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Bronze, Brownish yellow, Greenish brown, Yellow, Olive green.	#a87900,#c9b003,#696112,#ffff00,#8ead2c
470	Bassoite	Bassoite	SrV4+3O7·4H2O	SrV4+3O7·4H2O	SrV^4+^_3_O_7_·4H_2_O	SrV^4+^_3_O_7_·4H_2_O	Sr V O H	IMA2011-028	5956	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/m	Sr V^4+ O H	Bso	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Black	#000000
471	Bastnäsite-(Ce)	Bastnasite-(Ce)	Ce3+CO3F	Ce(CO3)F	Ce(CO_3_)F	Ce^3+^CO_3_F	Ce C O F	IMA1966 s.p.	4888	Bastnäsite	hexagonal	P62c	Ce^3+ C O F	Bsn-Ce	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	Yellow, reddish-brown; colourless to light yellow in transmitted light	#ffff00,#7f2b0a,#afafaf,#fffe7a
472	Bastnäsite-(La)	Bastnasite-(La)	LaCO3F	La(CO3)F	La(CO_3_)F	LaCO_3_F	La C O F	IMA1966 s.p.	1053	Bastnäsite	hexagonal	P62c, P62m	La C O F	Bsn-La	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No		#fdfdfe
473	Bastnäsite-(Nd)	Bastnasite-(Nd)	NdCO3F	Nd(CO3)F	Nd(CO_3_)F	NdCO_3_F	Nd C O F	IMA2011-062	6006	Bastnäsite	hexagonal	P62c	Nd C O F	Bsn-Nd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Pale purplish pink to colourless	#b790d4,#afafaf
474	Bastnäsite-(Y)	Bastnasite-(Y)	YCO3F	Y(CO3)F	Y(CO_3_)F	YCO_3_F	Y C O F	IMA1987 s.p.	1054	Bastnäsite	hexagonal		Y C O F	Bsn-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Translucent brick-red	#ffedef
475	Batagayite	Batagayite	CaZn2+2(Zn2+,Cu2+)6(PO4)4[PO3(OH)]3·12H2O	CaZn2(Zn,Cu)6(PO4)4[PO3(OH)]3·12H2O	CaZn_2_(Zn,Cu)_6_(PO_4_)_4_[PO_3_(OH)]_3_·12H_2_O	CaZn^2+^_2_(Zn^2+^,Cu^2+^)_6_(PO_4_)_4_[PO_3_(OH)]_3_·12H_2_O	Ca Zn Cu P O H	IMA2017-002	6645	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21	Ca Zn^2+ Cu^2+ P O H	Btg	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless	#afafaf
476	Batievaite-(Y)	Batievaite-(Y)	Ca2Y2[(H2O)2☐]Ti4+(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2	Ca2Y2[(H2O)2☐]Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2	Ca_2_Y_2_[(H_2_O)_2_[box]]Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_	Ca_2_Y_2_[(H_2_O)_2_[box]]Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_	Ca Y H O Ti Si	IMA2015-016	6422	Seidozerite-Rinkite	triclinic	P1	Ca Y H O Ti^4+ Si	Bvt-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Pale cream	#b8d7a6
477	Batiferrite	Batiferrite	BaTi4+2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19	BaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19	BaTi_2_Fe^3+^_8_Fe^2+^_2_O_19_	BaTi^4+^_2_Fe^3+^_8_Fe^2+^_2_O_19_	Ba Ti Fe O	IMA1997-038	1055	Magnetoplumbite	hexagonal	P63/mmc	Ba Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ O	Bfe	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Black.	#000000
478	Batisite	Batisite	Na2BaTi4+2(Si4O12)O2	Na2BaTi2O2(Si2O6)2	Na_2_BaTi_2_O_2_(Si_2_O_6_)_2_	Na_2_BaTi^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_	Na Ba Ti O Si	IMA1962 s.p.	1056	Batisite	orthorhombic	Ima2, Imcm	Na Ba Ti^4+ Si O	Bat	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brown pink, Yellow brown, Dark brown.	#f2aeb1,#ae8b0c,#73532a
479	Batisivite	Batisivite	BaTi4+6(V3+,Cr3+)8(Si2O7)O22	BaTi6(V,Cr)8(Si2O7)O22	BaTi_6_(V,Cr)_8_(Si_2_O_7_)O_22_	BaTi^4+^_6_(V^3+^,Cr^3+^)_8_(Si_2_O_7_)O_22_	Ba Ti V Cr Si O	IMA2006-054	5582		triclinic, monoclinic	P1	Ba Ti^4+ V^3+ Cr^3+ Si O	Bsv	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	black	#000000
480	Batoniite	Batoniite	Al8(S6+O4)5(OH)14(H2O)18·5H2O	Al8(SO4)5(OH)14(H2O)18·5H2O	Al_8_(SO_4_)_5_(OH)_14_(H_2_O)_18_·5H_2_O	Al_8_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_(OH)_14_(H_2_O)_18_·5H_2_O	Al S O H	IMA2023-008	7363	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Al S^6+ O H	Bato		No	white to colorless	#ffffff,#afafaf
481	Baumhauerite II	Baumhauerite II	Pb2+3As3+4S2-9	Pb3As4S9	Pb_3_As_4_S_9_	Pb^2+^_3_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_9_	Pb As S		5382	Sartorite	triclinic	P1	Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-	Bha II	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No		#fdfdfe
482	Baumhauerite	Baumhauerite	Pb2+12As3+16S2-36	Pb12As16S36	Pb_12_As_16_S_36_	Pb^2+^_12_As^3+^_16_S^2-^_36_	Pb As S		1057	Sartorite	triclinic	P1, P1	Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-	Bha	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead gray, Steel gray.	#8a7963,#43464b
483	Baumoite	Baumoite	Ba0.5[(U6+O2)3O8Mo6+2(OH)3](H2O)3	Ba0.5[(UO2)3O8Mo2(OH)3](H2O)3	Ba_0.5_[(UO_2_)_3_O_8_Mo_2_(OH)_3_](H_2_O)_3_	Ba_0.5_[(U^6+^O_2_)_3_O_8_Mo^6+^_2_(OH)_3_](H_2_O)_3_	Ba U O Mo H	IMA2017-054	6679	Not in a structural group	monoclinic		Ba U^6+ O Mo^6+ H	Bam	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow to orange yellow	#ffff00,#fdb915
484	Baumstarkite	Baumstarkite	Ag3Sb3S6	Ag3Sb3S6	Ag_3_Sb_3_S_6_	Ag_3_Sb_3_S_6_	Ag Sb S	IMA1999-049	1059	Aramayoite	triclinic	P1	Ag Sb S	Bum	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Iron black, Grayish black.	#263145,#555152
485	Bauranoite	Bauranoite	BaU6+2O7·4-5H2O	BaU2O7·4-5H2O	BaU_2_O_7_·4-5H_2_O	BaU^6+^_2_O_7_·4-5H_2_O	Ba U O H	IMA1971-052	1060	Wölsendorfite			Ba U^6+ O H	Bau	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Reddish brown.	#7f2b0a
486	Bavenite	Bavenite	Ca4Be2+xAl2-xSi9O26-x(OH)2+x (x = 0 to 1)	Ca4Be2+xAl2-xSi9O26-x(OH)2+x (x = 0 to 1)	Ca_4_Be_2+x_Al_2-x_Si_9_O_26-x_(OH)_2+x_ (x = 0 to 1)	Ca_4_Be_2+x_Al_2-x_Si_9_O_26-x_(OH)_2+x_ (x = 0 to 1)	Ca Be Al Si O H	IMA2015 s.p.	1061		orthorhombic	Cmcm	Ca Be Al Si O H	Bvn	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White, Green, Pink, Brown.	#ffffff,#00ff00,#ffc0cb,#653700
487	Bavsiite	Bavsiite	Ba2V4+2O2[Si4O12]	Ba2V2O2[Si4O12]	Ba_2_V_2_O_2_[Si_4_O_12_]	Ba_2_V^4+^_2_O_2_[Si_4_O_12_]	Ba V O Si	IMA2014-019	6325		tetragonal	I4/m	Ba V^4+ O Si	Bav	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Sky-blue	#9fb9e2
488	Bayanoboite-(Y)	Bayanoboite-(Y)	Ba2Y(CO3)2F3	Ba2Y(CO3)2F3	Ba_2_Y(CO_3_)_2_F_3_	Ba_2_Y(CO_3_)_2_F_3_	Ba Y C O F	IMA2023-084	7424	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Pbcn	Ba Y C O F	Byb-Y		No		#fdfdfe
489	Bayerite	Bayerite	Al(OH)3	Al(OH)3	Al(OH)_3_	Al(OH)_3_	Al O H		1062		monoclinic	P21/n, P21/a	Al O H	Byr	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
490	Bayldonite	Bayldonite	Cu2+3Pb2+O(As5+O3OH)2(OH)2	Cu3PbO(AsO3OH)2(OH)2	Cu_3_PbO(AsO_3_OH)_2_(OH)_2_	Cu^2+^_3_Pb^2+^O(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_(OH)_2_	Cu Pb O As H		1063		monoclinic	C2/c	Cu^2+ Pb^2+ O As^5+ H	Bay	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Grass green, Yellow green, Dark green.	#419c03,#c8fd3d,#033500
491	Bayleyite	Bayleyite	Mg2(U6+O2)(CO3)3·18H2O	Mg2(UO2)(CO3)3·18H2O	Mg_2_(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·18H_2_O	Mg_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·18H_2_O	Mg U O C H		1064		monoclinic	P21/a	Mg U^6+ O C H	Byy	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Yellow, Pale yellow, Yellowish white.	#ffff00,#eecf9e,#e9f1d0
492	Baylissite	Baylissite	K2Mg(CO3)2·4H2O	K2Mg(CO3)2·4H2O	K_2_Mg(CO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O	K_2_Mg(CO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O	K Mg C O H	IMA1975-024	1065		monoclinic	P21/a, P21/n	K Mg C O H	Byl	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
493	Bazhenovite	Bazhenovite	Ca8(S5)2-(S6+O3S2-)(OH)12·20H2O	Ca8S5(S2O3)(OH)12·20H2O	Ca_8_S_5_(S_2_O_3_)(OH)_12_·20H_2_O	Ca_8_(S_5_)^2-^(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)(OH)_12_·20H_2_O	Ca S O H	IMA1986-053	1066		monoclinic	P21/c	Ca S S^6+ O S^2- H	Baz	Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Light yellow, Orange.	#fffe7a,#ffa500
494	Bazirite	Bazirite	BaZr4+Si3O9	BaZrSi3O9	BaZrSi_3_O_9_	BaZr^4+^Si_3_O_9_	Ba Zr Si O	IMA1976-053	1067	Benitoite	hexagonal	P6c2	Ba Zr^4+ Si O	Bzr	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
495	Bazzite	Bazzite	Be3(Sc,Fe3+,Mg)2Si6O18·Na0.32·nH2O	Be3(Sc,Fe3+,Mg)2Si6O18·Na0.32·nH2O	Be_3_(Sc,Fe^3+^,Mg)_2_Si_6_O_18_·Na_0.32_·nH_2_O	Be_3_(Sc,Fe^3+^,Mg)_2_Si_6_O_18_·Na_0.32_·nH_2_O	Be Sc Fe Mg Si O Na H		1068	Beryl	hexagonal	P6/mcc	Be Sc Fe^3+ Mg Si O Na H	Bz	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Azure blue, Dark blue.	#4d91c6,#315b7d
496	Bearsite	Bearsite	Be2As5+O4(OH)·4H2O	Be2(AsO4)(OH)·4H2O	Be_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)·4H_2_O	Be_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH)·4H_2_O	Be As O H	IMA1967 s.p.	1069		monoclinic	P21/a	Be As^5+ O H	Bea	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White.	#ffffff
497	Bearthite	Bearthite	Ca2Al(PO4)2OH	Ca2Al(PO4)2(OH)	Ca_2_Al(PO_4_)_2_(OH)	Ca_2_Al(PO_4_)_2_OH	Ca Al P O H	IMA1986-050	1070	Brackebuschite	monoclinic	P21/m	Ca Al P O H	Bth	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Yellow, Colorless.	#ffff00,#afafaf
498	Beaverite-(Cu)	Beaverite-(Cu)	Pb2+Cu2+Fe3+2(S6+O4)2(OH)6	Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6	Pb(Fe^3+^_2_Cu)(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	Pb^2+^Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	Pb Fe Cu S O H	IMA1987 s.p.	1071	Alunite-Alunite	hexagonal	R3m	Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Bvr-Cu	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow	#ffff00
499	Beaverite-(Zn)	Beaverite-(Zn)	Pb2+Zn2+Fe3+2(S6+O4)2(OH)6	Pb(Fe3+2Zn)(SO4)2(OH)6	Pb(Fe^3+^_2_Zn)(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	Pb^2+^Zn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	Pb Fe Zn S O H	IMA2010-086	5928	Alunite-Alunite	hexagonal	R3m	Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Bvr-Zn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brownish yellow to yellow	#c9b003,#ffff00
500	Bechererite	Bechererite	Zn2+7Cu2+(OH)13[SiO(OH)3S6+O4]	Zn7Cu(OH)13[SiO(OH)3(SO4)]	Zn_7_Cu(OH)_13_[SiO(OH)_3_(SO_4_)]	Zn^2+^_7_Cu^2+^(OH)_13_[SiO(OH)_3_S^6+^O_4_]	Zn Cu O H Si S	IMA1994-005	1072		hexagonal	P3, P3	Zn^2+ Cu^2+ O H Si S^6+	Bec	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Light green.	#76ff7b
501	Beckettite	Beckettite	Ca2V3+6Al6O20	Ca2V6Al6O20	Ca_2_V_6_Al_6_O_20_	Ca_2_V^3+^_6_Al_6_O_20_	Ca V Al O	IMA2015-001	6407	Sapphirine	triclinic	P1	Ca V^3+ Al O	Bek	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No		#fdfdfe
502	Becquerelite	Becquerelite	Ca(U6+O2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O	Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O	Ca(UO_2_)_6_O_4_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O	Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_6_O_4_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O	Ca U O H		1073		orthorhombic, hexagonal	Pn21a, P3	Ca U^6+ O H	Bqr	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM27 - Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brownish yellow, Golden yellow, Orange, Lemon.	#c9b003,#ffdf00,#ffa500,#fff700
503	Bederite	Bederite	Ca2Mn2+4Fe3+2(PO4)6·2H2O	Ca2Mn2+4Fe3+2(PO4)6·2H2O	Ca_2_Mn^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_6_·2H_2_O	Ca_2_Mn^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_6_·2H_2_O	Ca Mn Fe P O H	IMA1998-007	1074	Wicksite	orthorhombic	Pcab	Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H	Bdr	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Very dark brown, Black.	#3a4859,#000000
504	Beershevaite	Beershevaite	CaFe3+3(PO4)3O	CaFe3+3(PO4)3O	CaFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_O	CaFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_O	Ca Fe P O	IMA2020-095a	7120		monoclinic	P21/m	Ca Fe^3+ P O	Bee	Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No		#fdfdfe
505	Béhierite	Behierite	TaBO4	Ta(BO4)	Ta(BO_4_)	TaBO_4_	Ta B O	IMA1967 s.p.	1075	Zircon	tetragonal	I41/amd	Ta B O	Béh	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Greyish pink; pale lilac; colorless to white	#c88d94,#d8b5bf,#afafaf,#ffffff
506	Behoite	Behoite	Be(OH)2	Be(OH)2	Be(OH)_2_	Be(OH)_2_	Be O H	IMA1969-031	1076	Cristobalite	orthorhombic	P212121	Be O H	Beh	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless, White, Pale brown.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#b1916e
507	Běhounekite	Behounekite	U4+(S6+O4)2·4H2O	U(SO4)2(H2O)4	U(SO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_4_	U^4+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	U S O H	IMA2010-046	5875		orthorhombic	Pnma	U^4+ S^6+ O H	Bhn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Green	#00ff00
508	Beidellite	Beidellite	(Na,Ca)0.3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O	(Na,Ca)0.3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O	(Na,Ca)_0.3_Al_2_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O	(Na,Ca)_0.3_Al_2_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O	Na Ca Al Si O H		1077	Clay, Smectite-vermiculite			Na Ca Al Si O H	Bei	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White, Gray, Reddish white, Brownish white, Pale yellow.	#ffffff,#808080,#fff8d5,#d1f1de,#eecf9e
509	Belakovskiite	Belakovskiite	Na7(U6+O2)(S6+O4)4(S6+O3OH)·3H2O	Na7(UO2)(SO4)4(SO3OH)(H2O)3	Na_7_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_4_(SO_3_OH)(H_2_O)_3_	Na_7_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(S^6+^O_3_OH)·3H_2_O	Na U O S H	IMA2013-075	6234	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Na U^6+ O S^6+ H	Bkk	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Yellow green	#c8fd3d
510	Belendorffite	Belendorffite	Cu7Hg6	Cu7Hg6	Cu_7_Hg_6_	Cu_7_Hg_6_	Cu Hg	IMA1989-024	1078		hexagonal	R3m	Cu Hg	Bdf	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	White, Yellow, Blackish brown.	#ffffff,#ffff00,#453b32
511	Belkovite	Belkovite	Ba3Nb5+6(Si2O7)2O12	Ba3Nb6(Si2O7)2O12	Ba_3_Nb_6_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_12_	Ba_3_Nb^5+^_6_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_12_	Ba Nb Si O	IMA1989-053	1079		hexagonal	P62m	Ba Nb^5+ Si O	Bkv	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Brown.	#653700
512	Bellbergite	Bellbergite	(K,Ba,Sr)2Sr2Ca2(Ca,Na)4(Si,Al)36O72·30H2O	(K,Ba,Sr)2Sr2Ca2(Ca,Na)4(Si,Al)36O72·30H2O	(K,Ba,Sr)_2_Sr_2_Ca_2_(Ca,Na)_4_(Si,Al)_36_O_72_·30H_2_O	(K,Ba,Sr)_2_Sr_2_Ca_2_(Ca,Na)_4_(Si,Al)_36_O_72_·30H_2_O	K Ba Sr Ca Na Si Al O H	IMA1990-057	1080		hexagonal	P63/mmc	K Ba Sr Ca Na Si Al O H	Blb	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
513	Bellidoite	Bellidoite	Cu2Se	Cu2Se	Cu_2_Se	Cu_2_Se	Cu Se	IMA1970-050	1081		tetragonal	P42/n, P42/nnm	Cu Se	Bld	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Silver gray.	#a8a8a4
514	Bellingerite	Bellingerite	Cu2+3(I5+O3)6·2H2O	Cu3(IO3)6·2H2O	Cu_3_(IO_3_)_6_·2H_2_O	Cu^2+^_3_(I^5+^O_3_)_6_·2H_2_O	Cu I O H		1082		triclinic	P1	Cu^2+ I^5+ O H	Blg	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Light green.	#76ff7b
515	Belloite	Belloite	Cu2+(OH)Cl	Cu(OH)Cl	Cu(OH)Cl	Cu^2+^(OH)Cl	Cu O H Cl	IMA1998-054	1083		monoclinic	P21/a	Cu^2+ O H Cl	Bll	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Yellowish green, Olive green.	#b0dd16,#8ead2c
516	Belmonteite	Belmonteite	CaMn2+2(As5+O4)2(H2O)6·H2O	CaMn2(AsO4)2(H2O)6·H2O	CaMn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_6_·H_2_O	CaMn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_6_·H_2_O	Ca Mn As O H	IMA2024-040	7554	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Cmca	Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O H	Bmo		No		#fdfdfe
517	Belogubite	Belogubite	Cu2+Zn2+(S6+O4)2·10H2O	CuZn(SO4)2·10H2O	CuZn(SO_4_)_2_·10H_2_O	Cu^2+^Zn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·10H_2_O	Cu Zn S O H	IMA2018-005	6750	Chalcanthite	triclinic	P1	Cu^2+ Zn^2+ S^6+ O H	Bgb	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue	#0000ff
518	Belomarinaite	Belomarinaite	KNa(S6+O4)	KNa(SO4)	KNa(SO_4_)	KNa(S^6+^O_4_)	K Na S O	IMA2017-069a	6747	Aphthitalite	hexagonal	P3m1	K Na S^6+ O	Bmr	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Pale blue to green	#d0fefe,#00ff00
519	Belousovite	Belousovite	KZn2+(S6+O4)Cl	KZn(SO4)Cl	KZn(SO_4_)Cl	KZn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)Cl	K Zn S O Cl	IMA2016-047	6575	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/c	K Zn^2+ S^6+ O Cl	Busv	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colorless	#afafaf
520	Belovite-(Ce)	Belovite-(Ce)	NaCe3+Sr3(PO4)3F	NaCeSr3(PO4)3F	NaCeSr_3_(PO_4_)_3_F	NaCe^3+^Sr_3_(PO_4_)_3_F	Na Ce Sr P O F		5074	Apatite	hexagonal	P3	Na Ce^3+ Sr P O F	Blv-Ce	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Honey yellow.	#ca9456
521	Belovite-(La)	Belovite-(La)	NaLaSr3(PO4)3F	NaLaSr3(PO4)3F	NaLaSr_3_(PO_4_)_3_F	NaLaSr_3_(PO_4_)_3_F	Na La Sr P O F	IMA1995-023	1084	Apatite	hexagonal	P3	Na La Sr P O F	Blv-La	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Yellow, Greenish yellow.	#ffff00,#cdfd02
522	Belyankinite	Belyankinite	Ca1-2(Ti4+,Zr4+,Nb5+)5O12·9H2O	Ca1-2(Ti,Zr,Nb)5O12·9H2O (?)	Ca_1-2_(Ti,Zr,Nb)_5_O_12_·9H_2_O (?)	Ca_1-2_(Ti^4+^,Zr^4+^,Nb^5+^)_5_O_12_·9H_2_O	Ca Ti Zr Nb O H		5383				Ca Ti^4+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ O H	Byn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Yellow, Brownish yellow.	#ffff00,#c9b003
523	Bementite	Bementite	Mn2+7Si6O15(OH)8	Mn7Si6O15(OH)8	Mn_7_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_8_	Mn^2+^_7_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_8_	Mn Si O H	IMA1963 s.p.	1085	Clay	monoclinic	P21/c	Mn^2+ Si O H	Bem	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Brown, Gray, Yellow, Yellow brown, Pink.	#653700,#808080,#ffff00,#ae8b0c,#ffc0cb
524	Benauite	Benauite	SrFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6	SrFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6	SrFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_	SrFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_	Sr Fe P O H	IMA1995-001	1086	Alunite-crandallite	hexagonal	R3m	Sr Fe^3+ P O H	Bnu	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow, Brown.	#ffff00,#653700
525	Benavidesite	Benavidesite	Pb2+4Mn2+Sb3+6S2-14	Pb4MnSb6S14	Pb_4_MnSb_6_S_14_	Pb^2+^_4_Mn^2+^Sb^3+^_6_S^2-^_14_	Pb Mn Sb S	IMA1980-073	1087		monoclinic	P21/c	Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Bnv	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead gray, Gray.	#8a7963,#808080
526	Bendadaite	Bendadaite	Fe2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2·4H2O	Fe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O	Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O	Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O	Fe As O H	IMA1998-053a	5599	Arthurite	monoclinic	P21/c	Fe^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H	Bdd	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blackish green to dark brownish	#5d6161,#73532a
527	Benitoite	Benitoite	BaTi4+Si3O9	BaTiSi3O9	BaTiSi_3_O_9_	BaTi^4+^Si_3_O_9_	Ba Ti Si O		1088	Benitoite	hexagonal	P6c2	Ba Ti^4+ Si O	Bni	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Blue, Purple, Pink, White, Colorless.	#0000ff,#800080,#ffc0cb,#ffffff,#afafaf
528	Benjaminite	Benjaminite	Ag3Bi7S12	Ag3Bi7S12	Ag_3_Bi_7_S_12_	Ag_3_Bi_7_S_12_	Ag Bi S	IMA1975-003a	1089	Pavonite	monoclinic	C2/m	Ag Bi S	Bnj	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Grayish yellow, Copper.	#877254,#b87333
529	Benleonardite	Benleonardite	Ag1+15Cu1+(Sb3+,As3+)2S2-7Te2-4	Ag15Cu(Sb,As)2S7Te4	Ag_15_Cu(Sb,As)_2_S_7_Te_4_	Ag^1+^_15_Cu^1+^(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_2_S^2-^_7_Te^2-^_4_	Ag Cu Sb As S Te	IMA1985-043	1090	Polybasite	tetragonal, hexagonal	P3m1	Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2- Te^2-	Bln	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray, Black.	#808080,#000000
530	Bennesherite	Bennesherite	Ba2Fe2+Si2O7	Ba2Fe2+Si2O7	Ba_2_Fe^2+^Si_2_O_7_	Ba_2_Fe^2+^Si_2_O_7_	Ba Fe Si O	IMA2019-068	6953	Melilite	tetragonal	P421m	Ba Fe^2+ Si O	Bnh	Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Light yellow to lemon-colored	#fffe7a,#ffee11
531	Benstonite	Benstonite	Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13	Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13	Ba_6_Ca_6_Mg(CO_3_)_13_	Ba_6_Ca_6_Mg(CO_3_)_13_	Ba Ca Mg C O	IMA1967 s.p.	1091		hexagonal	R3	Ba Ca Mg C O	Ben	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Snow white, Yellow brown, White, Light yellow.	#eeffee,#ae8b0c,#ffffff,#fffe7a
532	Bentorite	Bentorite	Ca6Cr3+2(S6+O4)3(OH)12·26H2O	Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O	Ca_6_Cr_2_(SO_4_)_3_(OH)_12_·26H_2_O	Ca_6_Cr^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_12_·26H_2_O	Ca Cr S O H	IMA1979-042	1092	Ettringite	hexagonal	P63/mmc, P31c	Ca Cr^3+ S^6+ O H	Bto	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Violet, Light violet.	#9a0eea,#d6b4fc
533	Benyacarite	Benyacarite	(H2O)2Mn2+2(Ti4+2Fe3+)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10·4H2O	(H2O)2Mn2(Ti2Fe3+)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10·4H2O	(H_2_O)_2_Mn_2_(Ti_2_Fe^3+^)(PO_4_)_4_(OF)(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O	(H_2_O)_2_Mn^2+^_2_(Ti^4+^_2_Fe^3+^)(PO_4_)_4_(OF)(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O	H O Mn Ti Fe P F	IMA1995-002	1093	Paulkerrite	orthorhombic	Pbca	H O Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ P F	Byc	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow, Colorless, Yellowish white, Greenish yellow.	#ffff00,#afafaf,#e9f1d0,#cdfd02
534	Beraunite	Beraunite	Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4·6H2O	Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4·6H2O	Fe^3+^_6_(PO_4_)_4_O(OH)_4_·6H_2_O	Fe^3+^_6_(PO_4_)_4_O(OH)_4_·6H_2_O	Fe P O H	IMA2021 s.p.	1094	Beraunite	monoclinic	C2/c, Cc	Fe^3+ P O H	Bru	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Green, Greenish brown, Gray green, Dark greenish brown, Dark red.	#00ff00,#696112,#86a17d,#033500,#840000
535	Berborite	Berborite	Be2BO3(OH)·H2O	Be2(BO3)(OH)·H2O	Be_2_(BO_3_)(OH)·H_2_O	Be_2_BO_3_(OH)·H_2_O	Be B O H	IMA1967-004	1095		hexagonal	P321, P3, P63, P3c1	Be B O H	Bbo	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
536	Berdesinskiite	Berdesinskiite	V3+2Ti4+O5	V3+2TiO5	V^3+^_2_TiO_5_	V^3+^_2_Ti^4+^O_5_	V Ti O	IMA1980-036	1096	Berdesinskiite	monoclinic	C2/c	V^3+ Ti^4+ O	Bds	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Black, Reddish brown.	#000000,#7f2b0a
537	Berezanskite	Berezanskite	KTi4+2(Li3Si12)O30	KTi2Li3Si12O30	KTi_2_Li_3_Si_12_O_30_	KTi^4+^_2_(Li_3_Si_12_)O_30_	K Ti Li Si O	IMA1996-041	1097	Milarite	hexagonal	P6/mcc	K Ti^4+ Li Si O	Bzk	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	White.	#ffffff
538	Bergenite	Bergenite	Ca2Ba4(U6+O2)9O6(PO4)6·16H2O	Ca2Ba4(UO2)9O6(PO4)6·16H2O	Ca_2_Ba_4_(UO_2_)_9_O_6_(PO_4_)_6_·16H_2_O	Ca_2_Ba_4_(U^6+^O_2_)_9_O_6_(PO_4_)_6_·16H_2_O	Ca Ba U O P H		1098	Phosphuranylite	monoclinic	P21/c	Ca Ba U^6+ O P H	Bgn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow, Greenish yellow.	#ffff00,#cdfd02
539	Bergslagite	Bergslagite	CaBe(As5+O4)(OH)	CaBe(AsO4)(OH)	CaBe(AsO_4_)(OH)	CaBe(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)	Ca Be As O H	IMA1983-021	1099	Gadolinite	monoclinic	P21/c	Ca Be As^5+ O H	Bgl	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations	No	Colorless, Gray, Gray white, White.	#afafaf,#808080,#d7d5cb,#ffffff
540	Berlinite	Berlinite	AlPO4	Al(PO4)	Al(PO_4_)	AlPO_4_	Al P O		1100	Quartz	hexagonal	P3221, P3121	Al P O	Ber	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, Gray, Gray pink, Light pink.	#afafaf,#808080,#c3909b,#ffd1df
541	Bermanite	Bermanite	Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O	Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O	Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O	Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O	Mn P O H		1101	Arthurite	orthorhombic, monoclinic	P21	Mn^2+ Mn^3+ P O H	Brm	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Light red, Dark reddish brown.	#ff7f7f,#840000
542	Bernalite	Bernalite	Fe3+(OH)3	Fe(OH)3	Fe(OH)_3_	Fe^3+^(OH)_3_	Fe O H	IMA1991-032	1102	Perovskite	tetragonal, orthorhombic	Immm	Fe^3+ O H	Bnl	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Yellow green, Dark bottle green.	#c8fd3d,#315b7d
543	Bernardevansite	Bernardevansite	Al2(Se4+O3)3·6H2O	Al2(Se4+O3)3·6H2O	Al_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_·6H_2_O	Al_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_·6H_2_O	Al Se O H	IMA2022-057	7239	Mandarinoite	monoclinic	P21/c	Al Se^4+ O H	Bev	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colourless	#afafaf
544	Bernardite	Bernardite	Tl1+As3+5S2-8	TlAs5S8	TlAs_5_S_8_	Tl^1+^As^3+^_5_S^2-^_8_	Tl As S	IMA1987-052	1103		monoclinic	P21/c	Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-	Bnd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black.	#000000
545	Bernarlottiite	Bernarlottiite	Pb2+12(As3+10Sb3+6)S2-36	Pb12(As10Sb6)S36	Pb_12_(As_10_Sb_6_)S_36_	Pb^2+^_12_(As^3+^_10_Sb^3+^_6_)S^2-^_36_	Pb As Sb S	IMA2013-133	6292		triclinic	P1	Pb^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Bl	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead-gray	#8a7963
546	Berndlehmannite	Berndlehmannite	Cu2+(Cr3+V3+)S2-4	Cu(CrV)S4	Cu(CrV)S_4_	Cu^2+^(Cr^3+^V^3+^)S^2-^_4_	Cu Cr V S	IMA2024-005	7443	Spinel	cubic	Fd3m, Fd3m	Cu^2+ Cr^3+ V^3+ S^2-	Blm		No	black	#000000
547	Berndtite	Berndtite	Sn4+S2-2	SnS2	SnS_2_	Sn^4+^S^2-^_2_	Sn S	IMA1968 s.p.	1104	Melonite	hexagonal	P3m1	Sn^4+ S^2-	Bti	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Grayish yellow, Yellow brown.	#877254,#ae8b0c
548	Berryite	Berryite	Cu1+3Ag1+2Pb2+3Bi3+7S2-16	Cu3Ag2Pb3Bi7S16	Cu_3_Ag_2_Pb_3_Bi_7_S_16_	Cu^1+^_3_Ag^1+^_2_Pb^2+^_3_Bi^3+^_7_S^2-^_16_	Cu Ag Pb Bi S	IMA1965-013	1105	Meneghinite	monoclinic	P21/m	Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-	Bry	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Blue gray, Gray.	#758da3,#808080
549	Berthierine	Berthierine	(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4	(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4	(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^,Al)_3_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_	(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^,Al)_3_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_	Fe Al Si O H		1106	Clay, Serpentine	orthorhombic, hexagonal	P63cm	Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Al Si O H	Brh	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	Brown green, Green yellow, Dark green.	#706c11,#c6f808,#033500
550	Berthierite	Berthierite	Fe2+Sb3+2S2-4	FeSb2S4	FeSb_2_S_4_	Fe^2+^Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_	Fe Sb S		1107	Berthierite	orthorhombic	Pnma, Pnam	Fe^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Btr	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Dark steel gray, Dark brownish gray.	#014d4e,#73532a
551	Bertossaite	Bertossaite	Li2CaAl4(PO4)4(OH)4	Li2CaAl4(PO4)4(OH)4	Li_2_CaAl_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_	Li_2_CaAl_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_	Li Ca Al P O H	IMA1965-038	1108	Carminite	orthorhombic	Imcb	Li Ca Al P O H	Bts	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Light pink.	#ffd1df
552	Bertrandite	Bertrandite	Be4Si2O7(OH)2	Be4Si2O7(OH)2	Be_4_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_	Be_4_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_	Be Si O H		1109	Hemimorphite	orthorhombic	Cmc21	Be Si O H	Btd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless, Pale yellow.	#afafaf,#eecf9e
553	Beryl	Beryl	Be3Al2Si6O18	Be3Al2Si6O18	Be_3_Al_2_Si_6_O_18_	Be_3_Al_2_Si_6_O_18_	Be Al Si O		1110	Beryl	hexagonal	P6/mcc	Be Al Si O	Brl	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Green, Blue, Yellow, Colorless, Pink.	#00ff00,#0000ff,#ffff00,#afafaf,#ffc0cb
554	Beryllite	Beryllite	Be3SiO4(OH)2·H2O	Be3(SiO4)(OH)2·H2O	Be_3_(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O	Be_3_SiO_4_(OH)_2_·H_2_O	Be Si O H		1111				Be Si O H	Byt	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	White.	#ffffff
555	Beryllocordierite-Na	Beryllocordierite-Na	NaMg4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2·2H2O	NaMg4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2·2H2O	NaMg_4_(Al_5_Be)(AlSi_5_O_18_)_2_·2H_2_O	NaMg_4_(Al_5_Be)(AlSi_5_O_18_)_2_·2H_2_O	Na Mg Al Be Si O H	IMA2022-108	7332	Beryl	orthorhombic	Cccm	Na Mg Al Be Si O H	Bcrd-Na		No		#fdfdfe
556	Beryllonite	Beryllonite	NaBePO4	NaBe(PO4)	NaBe(PO_4_)	NaBePO_4_	Na Be P O		1112	Beryllonite	monoclinic	P21/n	Na Be P O	Bel	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, White, Light yellow.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#fffe7a
557	Beryllosachanbińskiite-Na	Beryllosachanbinskiite-Na	NaMn2+4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2·2H2O	NaMn4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2·2H2O	NaMn_4_(Al_5_Be)(AlSi_5_O_18_)_2_·2H_2_O	NaMn^2+^_4_(Al_5_Be)(AlSi_5_O_18_)_2_·2H_2_O	Na Mn Al Be Si O H	IMA2022-109	7333	Beryl	orthorhombic	Cccm	Na Mn^2+ Al Be Si O H	Bsnb-Na		No		#fdfdfe
558	Berzelianite	Berzelianite	Cu2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)	Cu2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)	Cu_2-x_Se (x ≈ 0.12)	Cu_2-x_Se (x ≈ 0.12)	Cu Se		1113		cubic	F43m, Fm3m, F23	Cu Se	Brz	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Bluish gray, Gray, Black.	#748b97,#808080,#000000
559	Berzeliite	Berzeliite	NaCa2Mg2(As5+O4)3	(NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3	(NaCa_2_)Mg_2_(AsO_4_)_3_	NaCa_2_Mg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_	Na Ca Mg As O		1114	Garnet	cubic	Ia3d	Na Ca Mg As^5+ O	Bze	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Orange, Sulfur yellow.	#ffa500,#ccc050
560	Beshtauite	Beshtauite	(N3-H4)2(U6+O2)(S6+O4)2·2H2O	(NH4)2(UO2)(SO4)2·2H2O	(NH_4_)_2_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	(N^3-^H_4_)_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	N H U O S	IMA2012-051	6107	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/c	N^3- H U^6+ O S^6+	Bes	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Light green	#76ff7b
561	Betekhtinite	Betekhtinite	(Cu,Fe)21Pb2S15	(Cu,Fe)21Pb2S15	(Cu,Fe)_21_Pb_2_S_15_	(Cu,Fe)_21_Pb_2_S_15_	Cu Fe Pb S		1116		orthorhombic	Immm	Cu Fe Pb S	Bkh	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Brownish black.	#413936
562	Betpakdalite-CaCa	Betpakdalite-CaCa	[Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]	[Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]	[Ca_2_(H_2_O)_17_Ca(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_36_(OH)]	[Ca_2_(H_2_O)_17_Ca(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_36_(OH)]	Ca H O Mo As Fe	IMA1967 s.p.	1117	Betpakdalite	monoclinic	C2/m	Ca H O Mo^6+ As^5+ Fe^3+	Bpd-CaCa	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Lemon-yellow with greenish tint	#cfff04
563	Betpakdalite-CaMg	Betpakdalite-CaMg	[Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]	[Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]	[Ca_2_(H_2_O)_17_Mg(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_36_(OH)]	[Ca_2_(H_2_O)_17_Mg(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_36_(OH)]	Ca H O Mg Mo As Fe	IMA2011-034	5962	Betpakdalite	monoclinic	C2/m	Ca H O Mg Mo^6+ As^5+ Fe^3+	Bpd-CaMg	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow	#ffff00
564	Betpakdalite-FeFe	Betpakdalite-FeFe	[Fe3+2(H2O)15(OH)2Fe3+(H2O)6][Mo6+8As3+2Fe3+3O37]	[Fe3+2(H2O)15(OH)2Fe3+(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O37]	[Fe^3+^_2_(H_2_O)_15_(OH)_2_Fe^3+^(H_2_O)_6_][Mo_8_As_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_37_]	[Fe^3+^_2_(H_2_O)_15_(OH)_2_Fe^3+^(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^3+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_37_]	Fe H O Mo As	IMA2017-011	6652	Betpakdalite	monoclinic	C2/m	Fe^3+ H O Mo^6+ As^3+	Bpd-FeFe	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No		#fdfdfe
565	Betpakdalite-NaCa	Betpakdalite-NaCa	[Na2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]	[Na2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]	[Na_2_(H_2_O)_17_Ca(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_34_(OH)_3_]	[Na_2_(H_2_O)_17_Ca(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_34_(OH)_3_]	Na H O Ca Mo As Fe	IMA1971-057	4132	Betpakdalite	monoclinic	C2/m	Na H O Ca Mo^6+ As^5+ Fe^3+	Bpd-NaCa	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Lemon-yellow	#cfff04
566	Betpakdalite-NaNa	Betpakdalite-NaNa	[Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O33(OH)4]	[Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O33(OH)4]	[Na_2_(H_2_O)_16_Na(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_33_(OH)_4_]	[Na_2_(H_2_O)_16_Na(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_33_(OH)_4_]	Na H O Mo As Fe	IMA2011-078	6018	Betpakdalite	monoclinic	C2/m	Na H O Mo^6+ As^5+ Fe^3+	Bpd-NaNa	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow	#ffff00
567	Bettertonite	Bettertonite	Al6(As5+O4)3(OH)9·16H2O	Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5·11H2O	Al_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_9_(H_2_O)_5_·11H_2_O	Al_6_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_9_·16H_2_O	Al As O H	IMA2014-074	6372	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/c	Al As^5+ O H	Bet	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White	#ffffff
568	Betzite	Betzite	Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4	Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4	Na_6_Ca_2_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)Cl_4_	Na_6_Ca_2_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)Cl_4_	Na Ca Al Si O Cl	IMA2021-037	7146	Cancrinite	hexagonal	P63	Na Ca Al Si O Cl	Bzt	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals	No	Colorless	#afafaf
569	Beudantite	Beudantite	Pb2+Fe3+3(As5+O4)(S6+O4)(OH)6	PbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6	PbFe^3+^_3_(AsO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)_6_	Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_6_	Pb Fe As O S H	IMA1987 s.p.	1118	Alunite-beudantite	hexagonal	R3m	Pb^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O S^6+ H	Bdn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown, Green, Yellow, Dark green, Orange.	#653700,#00ff00,#ffff00,#033500,#ffa500
570	Beusite	Beusite	Mn2+Mn2+2(PO4)2	Mn2+Mn2+2(PO4)2	Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_	Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_	Mn P O	IMA1968-012	1119	Graftonite	monoclinic	P21/c	Mn^2+ P O	Beu	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Reddish brown.	#7f2b0a
571	Beusite-(Ca)	Beusite-(Ca)	CaMn2+2(PO4)2	CaMn2+2(PO4)2	CaMn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_	CaMn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_	Ca Mn P O	IMA2017-051	6680	Graftonite	monoclinic	P21/c	Ca Mn^2+ P O	Beu-Ca	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Pale-brown	#b1916e
572	Beyerite	Beyerite	CaBi3+2O2(CO3)2	CaBi2O2(CO3)2	CaBi_2_O_2_(CO_3_)_2_	CaBi^3+^_2_O_2_(CO_3_)_2_	Ca Bi O C		1120	Bismutite	orthorhombic	Immm	Ca Bi^3+ O C	Bey	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Gray, Gray green, Yellow, Yellowish white, White.	#808080,#86a17d,#ffff00,#e9f1d0,#ffffff
573	Bezsmertnovite	Bezsmertnovite	(Au,Ag)4Cu(Te,Pb)	(Au,Ag)4Cu(Te,Pb)	(Au,Ag)_4_Cu(Te,Pb)	(Au,Ag)_4_Cu(Te,Pb)	Au Ag Cu Te Pb	IMA1979-014	1121		orthorhombic		Au Ag Cu Te Pb	Bez	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Bronze, Golden yellow.	#a87900,#ffdf00
574	Biachellaite	Biachellaite	(Na,Ca,K)8(Si6Al6O24)(S6+O4)2(OH)0.5·H2O	(Na,Ca,K)8(Si6Al6O24)(SO4)2(OH)0.5·H2O	(Na,Ca,K)_8_(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_0.5_·H_2_O	(Na,Ca,K)_8_(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_0.5_·H_2_O	Na Ca K Si Al O S H	IMA2007-044	5646	Cancrinite-sodalite, Cancrinite	hexagonal	P3	Na Ca K Si Al O S^6+ H	Bcl	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colourless	#afafaf
575	Biagioniite	Biagioniite	Tl2SbS2	Tl2SbS2	Tl_2_SbS_2_	Tl_2_SbS_2_	Tl Sb S	IMA2019-120	7003	Dervillite	monoclinic	Pc, Pb	Tl Sb S	Bgi	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black	#000000
576	Bianchiniite	Bianchiniite	Ba2(Ti4+V3+)(As3+2O5)2OF	Ba2(TiV)(As2O5)2OF	Ba_2_(TiV)(As_2_O_5_)_2_OF	Ba_2_(Ti^4+^V^3+^)(As^3+^_2_O_5_)_2_OF	Ba Ti V As O F	IMA2019-022	6910	Not in a structural group	tetragonal	I4/mcm	Ba Ti^4+ V^3+ As^3+ O F	Bcn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	brown	#653700
577	Bianchite	Bianchite	Zn2+S6+O4·6H2O	Zn(SO4)·6H2O	Zn(SO_4_)·6H_2_O	Zn^2+^S^6+^O_4_·6H_2_O	Zn S O H		1122	Hexahydrite	monoclinic	C2/c	Zn^2+ S^6+ O H	Bnc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Colorless, Yellow, Yellowish white, White, Light blue.	#afafaf,#ffff00,#e9f1d0,#ffffff,#add8e6
578	Bicapite	Bicapite	[KNa2Mg2(H2O)25][H2PV5+12O40(V5+O)2]	[KNa2Mg2(H2O)25][H2PV5+12O40(V5+O)2]	[KNa_2_Mg_2_(H_2_O)_25_][H_2_PV^5+^_12_O_40_(V^5+^O)_2_]	[KNa_2_Mg_2_(H_2_O)_25_][H_2_PV^5+^_12_O_40_(V^5+^O)_2_]	K Na Mg H O P V	IMA2018-048	6785		tetragonal	I4/m	K Na Mg H O P V^5+	Bic	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	dark red-brown, often appearing black	#4a2125,#d2c785
579	Bicchulite	Bicchulite	Ca2Al2SiO6(OH)2	Ca2Al2SiO6(OH)2	Ca_2_Al_2_SiO_6_(OH)_2_	Ca_2_Al_2_SiO_6_(OH)_2_	Ca Al Si O H	IMA1973-006	1123	Cancrinite-sodalite, Sodalite	cubic	I43m	Ca Al Si O H	Bch	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
580	Bideauxite	Bideauxite	Ag1+Pb2+2F2Cl3	AgPb2F2Cl3	AgPb_2_F_2_Cl_3_	Ag^1+^Pb^2+^_2_F_2_Cl_3_	Ag Pb F Cl	IMA1969-038	1124		cubic	Fd3m, Fd3m	Ag^1+ Pb^2+ F Cl	Bdx	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, Pale lavender.	#afafaf,#dcd0ff
581	Bieberite	Bieberite	Co2+S6+O4·7H2O	Co(SO4)·7H2O	Co(SO_4_)·7H_2_O	Co^2+^S^6+^O_4_·7H_2_O	Co S O H		1125	Melanterite	monoclinic	P21/c	Co^2+ S^6+ O H	Bie	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pinkish red, Flesh pink.	#f10c45,#f8cbc4
582	Biehlite	Biehlite	Sb3+2Mo6+O6	Sb3+2MoO6	Sb^3+^_2_MoO_6_	Sb^3+^_2_Mo^6+^O_6_	Sb Mo O	IMA1999-019a	4974		monoclinic	C2/c	Sb^3+ Mo^6+ O	Bhl	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes	No	White.	#ffffff
583	Bigcreekite	Bigcreekite	BaSi2O5·4H2O	BaSi2O5·4H2O	BaSi_2_O_5_·4H_2_O	BaSi_2_O_5_·4H_2_O	Ba Si O H	IMA1999-015	1126		orthorhombic	Pnma	Ba Si O H	Big	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
584	Bijvoetite-(Y)	Bijvoetite-(Y)	Y8(U6+O2)16O8(CO3)16(OH)8·39H2O	Y8(UO2)16O8(CO3)16(OH)8·39H2O	Y_8_(UO_2_)_16_O_8_(CO_3_)_16_(OH)_8_·39H_2_O	Y_8_(U^6+^O_2_)_16_O_8_(CO_3_)_16_(OH)_8_·39H_2_O	Y U O C H	IMA1981-035, IMA1987 s.p.	1127		orthorhombic, monoclinic	B2	Y U^6+ O C H	Bij-Y	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Sulfur yellow.	#ccc050
585	Bikitaite	Bikitaite	LiAlSi2O6·H2O	LiAlSi2O6·H2O	LiAlSi_2_O_6_·H_2_O	LiAlSi_2_O_6_·H_2_O	Li Al Si O H	IMA1997 s.p.	1128		monoclinic, triclinic	P21/m, P1, P21	Li Al Si O H	Bik	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
586	Bilibinskite	Bilibinskite	PbAu3Cu2Te2	PbAu3Cu2Te2	PbAu_3_Cu_2_Te_2_	PbAu_3_Cu_2_Te_2_	Pb Au Cu Te	IMA1977-024	1129		cubic		Pb Au Cu Te	Bb	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Bronze brown, Light brown, Pink brown.	#825e2f,#b5651d,#67594c
587	Bílinite	Bilinite	Fe2+Fe3+2(S6+O4)4·22H2O	Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4·22H2O	Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(SO_4_)_4_·22H_2_O	Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·22H_2_O	Fe S O H		1130	Halotrichite	monoclinic	P21/c	Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Bli	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	White to yellowish	#ffffff,#faee66
588	Billietite	Billietite	Ba(U6+O2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O	Ba(UO2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O	Ba(UO_2_)_6_O_4_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O	Ba(U^6+^O_2_)_6_O_4_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O	Ba U O H		1131		orthorhombic	Pbn21	Ba U^6+ O H	Bil	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow brown, Golden yellow.	#ae8b0c,#ffdf00
589	Billingsleyite	Billingsleyite	Ag7AsS6	Ag7AsS6	Ag_7_AsS_6_	Ag_7_AsS_6_	Ag As S	IMA1967-012	1132		cubic	P213	Ag As S	Bgy	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead gray.	#8a7963
590	Billwiseite	Billwiseite	Sb3+5Nb5+3W6+O18	Sb3+5Nb3WO18	Sb^3+^_5_Nb_3_WO_18_	Sb^3+^_5_Nb^5+^_3_W^6+^O_18_	Sb Nb W O	IMA2010-053	5922	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/c	Sb^3+ Nb^5+ W^6+ O	Bwi	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Pale yellow (with a tinge of green),	#eecf9e
591	Bimbowrieite	Bimbowrieite	NaMgFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O	NaMgFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O	NaMgFe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O	NaMgFe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O	Na Mg Fe P O H	IMA2020-006	7023	Dufrénite	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Mg Fe^3+ P O H	Bbw	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	dark olive green to greenish brown	#373e02,#696112
592	Bindheimite	Bindheimite	Pb2+2Sb5+2O7	Pb2Sb5+2O7	Pb_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_	Pb^2+^_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_	Pb Sb O	IMA2013 s.p.	1133	Pyrochlore	cubic	Fd3m	Pb^2+ Sb^5+ O	Bhe	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow, Greenish yellow, Green, Brownish white, Grayish white.	#ffff00,#cdfd02,#00ff00,#d1f1de,#d6dee9
593	Biphosphammite	Biphosphammite	H2(N3-H4)PO4	(NH4)H2(PO4)	(NH_4_)H_2_(PO_4_)	H_2_(N^3-^H_4_)PO_4_	N H P O		1134	Biphosphammite	tetragonal	I42d	H N^3- P O	Bpam	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals	No	Brown, Colorless, Gray white.	#653700,#afafaf,#d7d5cb
594	Biraite-(Ce)	Biraite-(Ce)	Ce3+2Fe2+Si2O7(CO3)	Ce2Fe2+(Si2O7)(CO3)	Ce_2_Fe^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(CO_3_)	Ce^3+^_2_Fe^2+^Si_2_O_7_(CO_3_)	Ce Fe Si O C	IMA2003-037	5243	Biraite	monoclinic	P21/c	Ce^3+ Fe^2+ Si O C	Bia-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Brown.	#653700
595	Biraite-(La)	Biraite-(La)	La2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7)	La2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7)	La_2_Fe^2+^(CO_3_)(Si_2_O_7_)	La_2_Fe^2+^(CO_3_)(Si_2_O_7_)	La Fe C O Si	IMA2020-020	7031	Biraite	monoclinic	P21/c	La Fe^2+ C O Si	Bia-La	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Brown to dark brown	#653700,#73532a
596	Birchite	Birchite	Cd2+2Cu2+2(PO4)2S6+O4·5H2O	Cd2Cu2(PO4)2(SO4)·5H2O	Cd_2_Cu_2_(PO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)·5H_2_O	Cd^2+^_2_Cu^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_S^6+^O_4_·5H_2_O	Cd Cu P O S H	IMA2006-048	5600		orthorhombic	Pnma	Cd^2+ Cu^2+ P O S^6+ H	Bc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pale blue.	#d0fefe
597	Biringuccite	Biringuccite	Na2B5O8(OH)·H2O	Na2B5O8(OH)·H2O	Na_2_B_5_O_8_(OH)·H_2_O	Na_2_B_5_O_8_(OH)·H_2_O	Na B O H	IMA1967 s.p.	1135		monoclinic	P21/c	Na B O H	Bgc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
598	Birnessite	Birnessite	(Na,Ca,K)0.6(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O	(Na,Ca,K)0.6(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O	(Na,Ca,K)_0.6_(Mn^4+^,Mn^3+^)_2_O_4_·1.5H_2_O	(Na,Ca,K)_0.6_(Mn^4+^,Mn^3+^)_2_O_4_·1.5H_2_O	Na Ca K Mn O H		1136		monoclinic, triclinic	C2/m, P1, C1	Na Ca K Mn^4+ Mn^3+ O H	Bir	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization	No	Dark brown, Black.	#73532a,#000000
599	Birunite	Birunite	Ca18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5S6+O4·15H2O	Ca18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5(SO4)·15H2O	Ca_18_(SiO_3_)_8.5_(CO_3_)_8.5_(SO_4_)·15H_2_O	Ca_18_(SiO_3_)_8.5_(CO_3_)_8.5_S^6+^O_4_·15H_2_O	Ca Si O C S H		5384	Ettringite			Ca Si O C S^6+ H	Brn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	White	#ffffff
600	Bischofite	Bischofite	MgCl2·6H2O	MgCl2·6H2O	MgCl_2_·6H_2_O	MgCl_2_·6H_2_O	Mg Cl H O		1137		monoclinic	C2/m	Mg Cl H O	Bsf	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
601	Bismite	Bismite	Bi3+2O3	Bi2O3	Bi_2_O_3_	Bi^3+^_2_O_3_	Bi O		1138		monoclinic	P21/c	Bi^3+ O	Bis	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Green yellow, Gray green, Yellow.	#c6f808,#86a17d,#ffff00
602	Bismoclite	Bismoclite	Bi3+OCl	BiOCl	BiOCl	Bi^3+^OCl	Bi O Cl		1139	Matlockite	tetragonal	P4/nmm	Bi^3+ O Cl	Bmc	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Brown, Colorless, Gray, Yellow, Yellow brown.	#653700,#afafaf,#808080,#ffff00,#ae8b0c
603	Bismuth	Bismuth	Bi	Bi	Bi	Bi	Bi		1140	Arsenic	hexagonal	R3m, P63/mmc	Bi	Bi	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	Yes	Silver white, Pinkish white, Red.	#e7e8e3,#fff1fa,#ff0000
604	Bismuthinite	Bismuthinite	Bi3+2S2-3	Bi2S3	Bi_2_S_3_	Bi^3+^_2_S^2-^_3_	Bi S		1141	Stibnite	orthorhombic	Pnma	Bi^3+ S^2-	Bin	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Gray, Silver white, Tin white.	#808080,#e7e8e3,#cfd5db
605	Bismutite	Bismutite	Bi3+2O2(CO3)	Bi2O2(CO3)	Bi_2_O_2_(CO_3_)	Bi^3+^_2_O_2_(CO_3_)	Bi O C		1142	Bismutite	orthorhombic	Imm2	Bi^3+ O C	Bit	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown, Brownish yellow, Green, Gray, Yellow.	#653700,#c9b003,#00ff00,#808080,#ffff00
606	Bismutocolumbite	Bismutocolumbite	Bi3+Nb5+O4	BiNbO4	BiNbO_4_	Bi^3+^Nb^5+^O_4_	Bi Nb O	IMA1991-003	1143		orthorhombic	Pnna	Bi^3+ Nb^5+ O	Bclb	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Black.	#000000
607	Bismutoferrite	Bismutoferrite	Fe3+2Bi3+(SiO4)2(OH)	Fe3+2Bi(SiO4)2(OH)	Fe^3+^_2_Bi(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)	Fe^3+^_2_Bi^3+^(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)	Fe Bi Si O H		1144	Kaolinite	monoclinic	Cm	Fe^3+ Bi^3+ Si O H	Bif	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Green, Light yellow.	#00ff00,#fffe7a
608	Bismutohauchecornite	Bismutohauchecornite	Ni9Bi2S8	Ni9Bi2S8	Ni_9_Bi_2_S_8_	Ni_9_Bi_2_S_8_	Ni Bi S	IMA1978 s.p.	1145	Hauchecornite			Ni Bi S	Bhau	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Bronze.	#a87900
609	Bismutostibiconite	Bismutostibiconite	(Bi3+,Fe3+,☐)2Sb5+2O7	(Bi,Fe3+,☐)2Sb5+2O7	(Bi,Fe^3+^,[box])_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_	(Bi^3+^,Fe^3+^,[box])_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_	Bi Fe Sb O	IMA1981-065, IMA2013 s.p.	1148	Pyrochlore	cubic	Fd3m	Bi^3+ Fe^3+ Sb^5+ O	Bsbc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Green, Greenish brown, Yellow, Yellow brown.	#00ff00,#696112,#ffff00,#ae8b0c
610	Bismutotantalite	Bismutotantalite	Bi3+Ta5+O4	BiTaO4	BiTaO_4_	Bi^3+^Ta^5+^O_4_	Bi Ta O		1149		orthorhombic	Pcnn	Bi^3+ Ta^5+ O	Bttl	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Light brown, Black.	#b5651d,#000000
611	Bitikleite	Bitikleite	Ca3Sn4+Sb5+Al3O12	Ca3(SbSn)(AlO4)3	Ca_3_(SbSn)(AlO_4_)_3_	Ca_3_Sn^4+^Sb^5+^Al_3_O_12_	Ca Sb Sn Al O	IMA2009-052	5781	Garnet	cubic	Ia3d, Ia3d	Ca Sn^4+ Sb^5+ Al O	Bkl	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Light yellow or colorless	#fffe7a,#afafaf
612	Bityite	Bityite	CaLiAl2(Si2BeAl)O10(OH)2	CaLiAl2(Si2BeAl)O10(OH)2	CaLiAl_2_(Si_2_BeAl)O_10_(OH)_2_	CaLiAl_2_(Si_2_BeAl)O_10_(OH)_2_	Ca Li Al Si Be O H	IMA1998 s.p.	1150	Mica, Clay	monoclinic	Cc	Ca Li Al Si Be O H	Bty	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown white, Colorless, Yellow, Pearl white.	#eeebe3,#afafaf,#ffff00,#f3f2ed
613	Bixbyite-(Fe)	Bixbyite-(Fe)	Fe3+2O3	Fe3+2O3	Fe^3+^_2_O_3_	Fe^3+^_2_O_3_	Fe O	IMA2021 s.p.	7237	Bixbyite	cubic	Ia3	Fe^3+ O	Bxb-Fe	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals	No		#fdfdfe
614	Bixbyite-(Mn)	Bixbyite-(Mn)	Mn3+2O3	Mn3+2O3	Mn^3+^_2_O_3_	Mn^3+^_2_O_3_	Mn O	IMA2021 s.p.	1151	Bixbyite	cubic	Ia3, I213	Mn^3+ O	Bxb-Mn	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Black	#000000
615	Bjarebyite	Bjarebyite	BaMn2+2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3	BaMn2+2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3	BaMn^2+^_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_	BaMn^2+^_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_	Ba Mn Al P O H	IMA1972-022	1152	Bjarebyite	monoclinic	P21/m	Ba Mn^2+ Al P O H	Bj	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Emerald green.	#046307
616	Blakeite	Blakeite	Fe3+2(Te4+O3)3	Fe3+2(Te4+O3)3 (?)	Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_ (?)	Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_	Fe Te O		5385				Fe^3+ Te^4+ O	Bak	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown, Dark reddish brown.	#653700,#840000
617	Blatonite	Blatonite	(U6+O2)CO3·H2O	(UO2)(CO3)·H2O	(UO_2_)(CO_3_)·H_2_O	(U^6+^O_2_)CO_3_·H_2_O	U O C H	IMA1997-025	1153				U^6+ O C H	Blt	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Canary yellow.	#f1f1e6
618	Blatterite	Blatterite	Sb5+3Mn3+9Mn2+35(BO3)16O32	Sb5+3Mn3+9Mn2+35(BO3)16O32	Sb^5+^_3_Mn^3+^_9_Mn^2+^_35_(BO_3_)_16_O_32_	Sb^5+^_3_Mn^3+^_9_Mn^2+^_35_(BO_3_)_16_O_32_	Sb Mn B O	IMA1984-038	1154		orthorhombic	Pnnm	Sb^5+ Mn^3+ Mn^2+ B O	Bla	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Black.	#000000
619	Bleasdaleite	Bleasdaleite	Ca2Cu2+5(Bi3+,Cu2+)(PO4)4(H2O,OH,Cl)13	Ca2Cu5(Bi,Cu)(PO4)4(H2O,OH,Cl)13	Ca_2_Cu_5_(Bi,Cu)(PO_4_)_4_(H_2_O,OH,Cl)_13_	Ca_2_Cu^2+^_5_(Bi^3+^,Cu^2+^)(PO_4_)_4_(H_2_O,OH,Cl)_13_	Ca Cu Bi P O H Cl	IMA1998-003a	1155		monoclinic	C2/m	Ca Cu^2+ Bi^3+ P O H Cl	Ble	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Honey brown, Dark brown.	#816e5c,#73532a
620	Blixite	Blixite	Pb2+8O5(OH)2Cl4	Pb8O5(OH)2Cl4	Pb_8_O_5_(OH)_2_Cl_4_	Pb^2+^_8_O_5_(OH)_2_Cl_4_	Pb O H Cl	IMA1962 s.p.	1156		orthorhombic, monoclinic	C2/c	Pb^2+ O H Cl	Blx	Abiotic, Biotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Light green, Light yellow, Orange.	#76ff7b,#fffe7a,#ffa500
621	Blödite	Blodite	Na2Mg(S6+O4)2·4H2O	Na2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O	Na_2_Mg(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Na_2_Mg(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Na Mg S O H	IMA1982 s.p.	4887	Blödite	monoclinic	P21/a	Na Mg S^6+ O H	Blö	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colourless, bluish-green, reddish; colourless in transmitted light.	#afafaf,#10a674,#c44240,#afafaf
622	Blossite	Blossite	Cu2+2V5+2O7	Cu2V5+2O7	Cu_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_	Cu^2+^_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_	Cu V O	IMA1986-002	1158		orthorhombic	Fdd2	Cu^2+ V^5+ O	Blo	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Black.	#000000
623	Bluebellite	Bluebellite	Cu2+6(I5+O3)(OH)10Cl	Cu6(IO3)(OH)10Cl	Cu_6_(IO_3_)(OH)_10_Cl	Cu^2+^_6_(I^5+^O_3_)(OH)_10_Cl	Cu I O H Cl	IMA2013-121	6281		hexagonal	R3	Cu^2+ I^5+ O H Cl	Bbl	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Bright bluish-green	#65fe08
624	Bluelizardite	Bluelizardite	Na7(U6+O2)(S6+O4)4Cl·2H2O	Na7(UO2)(SO4)4Cl(H2O)2	Na_7_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_4_Cl(H_2_O)_2_	Na_7_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_4_Cl·2H_2_O	Na U O S Cl H	IMA2013-062	6227	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/c	Na U^6+ O S^6+ Cl H	Blz	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Pale yellow	#eecf9e
625	Blueridgeite	Blueridgeite	[Pb2+8Zn2+3Cu2+(OH)16](S6+O4)2(S6+O3S2-)2·2H2O	[Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)2(S2O3)2·2H2O	[Pb_8_Zn_3_Cu^2+^(OH)_16_](SO_4_)_2_(S_2_O_3_)_2_·2H_2_O	[Pb^2+^_8_Zn^2+^_3_Cu^2+^(OH)_16_](S^6+^O_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_2_·2H_2_O	Pb Zn Cu O H S	IMA2024-071	7522	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/c	Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Cu^2+ O H S^6+ S^2-	Blrg		No	pale to deep blue	#fff9d0,#040273
626	Bluestreakite	Bluestreakite	K4Mg2[(V4+2V5+8)O28]·14H2O	K4Mg2(V4+2V5+8O28)·14H2O	K_4_Mg_2_(V^4+^_2_V^5+^_8_O_28_)·14H_2_O	K_4_Mg_2_[(V^4+^_2_V^5+^_8_)O_28_]·14H_2_O	K Mg V O H	IMA2014-047	6343	Pascoite	monoclinic	P21/n	K Mg V^4+ V^5+ O H	Blu	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Dark greenish blue	#033500
627	Bobcookite	Bobcookite	NaAl(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)4·18H2O	NaAl(UO2)2(SO4)4·18H2O	NaAl(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_4_·18H_2_O	NaAl(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·18H_2_O	Na Al U O S H	IMA2014-030	6320	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Na Al U^6+ O S^6+ H	Bbc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Lime green to greenish-yellow	#8ead2c,#cdfd02
628	Bobfergusonite	Bobfergusonite	☐Na2Mn2+5Fe3+Al(PO4)6	☐Na2Mn2+5Fe3+Al(PO4)6	[box]Na_2_Mn^2+^_5_Fe^3+^Al(PO_4_)_6_	[box]Na_2_Mn^2+^_5_Fe^3+^Al(PO_4_)_6_	Na Mn Fe Al P O	IMA1984-072a	1159	Alluaudite-Bobfergusonite	monoclinic	P21/n	Na Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Al P O	Bfg	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Greenish brown, Reddish brown.	#696112,#7f2b0a
629	Bobfinchite	Bobfinchite	Na[(U6+O2)8O3(OH)11]·10H2O	Na[(UO2)8O3(OH)11]·10H2O	Na[(UO_2_)_8_O_3_(OH)_11_]·10H_2_O	Na[(U^6+^O_2_)_8_O_3_(OH)_11_]·10H_2_O	Na U O H	IMA2020-082	7098	Schoepite	orthorhombic	Pbcn	Na U^6+ O H	Bfc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	yellow	#ffff00
630	Bobierrite	Bobierrite	Mg3(PO4)2·8H2O	Mg3(PO4)2·8H2O	Mg_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O	Mg_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O	Mg P O H		1160	Vivianite	monoclinic	C2/m, C2/c	Mg P O H	Bob	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Colorless, Gray, White.	#afafaf,#808080,#ffffff
631	Bobjonesite	Bobjonesite	V4+OS6+O4·3H2O	V4+O(SO4)·3H2O	V^4+^O(SO_4_)·3H_2_O	V^4+^OS^6+^O_4_·3H_2_O	V O S H	IMA2000-045	1161		monoclinic	P21/n	V^4+ O S^6+ H	Bjon	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pale blue, Bright blue.	#d0fefe,#0165fc
632	Bobkingite	Bobkingite	Cu2+5Cl2(OH)8·2H2O	Cu5Cl2(OH)8·2H2O	Cu_5_Cl_2_(OH)_8_·2H_2_O	Cu^2+^_5_Cl_2_(OH)_8_·2H_2_O	Cu Cl O H	IMA2000-029	1162		monoclinic	C2/m	Cu^2+ Cl O H	Bkg	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pale blue.	#d0fefe
633	Bobmeyerite	Bobmeyerite	Pb2+4(Al3Cu2+)(Si4O12)(S6+0.5Si0.5O4)(OH)7Cl·3H2O	Pb4(Al3Cu)(Si4O12)(S0.5Si0.5O4)(OH)7Cl(H2O)3	Pb_4_(Al_3_Cu)(Si_4_O_12_)(S_0.5_Si_0.5_O_4_)(OH)_7_Cl(H_2_O)_3_	Pb^2+^_4_(Al_3_Cu^2+^)(Si_4_O_12_)(S^6+^_0.5_Si_0.5_O_4_)(OH)_7_Cl·3H_2_O	Pb Al Cu Si O S H Cl	IMA2012-019	6079	Cerchiaraite	orthorhombic	Pnnm	Pb^2+ Al Cu^2+ Si O S^6+ H Cl	Bmy	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	colorless to white	#afafaf,#ffffff
634	Bobshannonite	Bobshannonite	Na2KBa(Mn2+,Na)8(Nb5+,Ti4+)4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4(O,F)2	Na2KBa(Mn,Na)8(Nb,Ti)4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4(O,F)2	Na_2_KBa(Mn,Na)_8_(Nb,Ti)_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_O_4_(OH)_4_(O,F)_2_	Na_2_KBa(Mn^2+^,Na)_8_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_O_4_(OH)_4_(O,F)_2_	Na K Ba Mn Nb Ti Si O H F	IMA2014-052	6349	Seidozerite-Bafertisite	triclinic	P1, C1	Na K Ba Mn^2+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H F	Bsha	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	very pale brown to orange brown	#927288,#b16002
635	Bobtraillite	Bobtraillite	(Na,☐)12(☐,Na)12Sr12Zr4+14(Si3O9)10[Si2BO7(OH)2]6·12H2O	(Na,☐)12(☐,Na)12Sr12Zr14(Si3O9)10[Si2BO7(OH)2]6·12H2O	(Na,[box])_12_([box],Na)_12_Sr_12_Zr_14_(Si_3_O_9_)_10_[Si_2_BO_7_(OH)_2_]_6_·12H_2_O	(Na,[box])_12_([box],Na)_12_Sr_12_Zr^4+^_14_(Si_3_O_9_)_10_[Si_2_BO_7_(OH)_2_]_6_·12H_2_O	Na Sr Zr Si O B H	IMA2001-041	1163		hexagonal	P3c1	Na Sr Zr^4+ Si O B H	Bta	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Gray, Pale green, Brown.	#808080,#69b076,#653700
636	Bodieite	Bodieite	Bi3+2(Te4+O3)2(S6+O4)	Bi3+2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)	Bi^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_(SO_4_)	Bi^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)	Bi Te O S	IMA2017-117	6744	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	I2/a	Bi^3+ Te^4+ O S^6+	Bod	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, yellow, or green	#afafaf,#ffff00,#1c6a51
637	Boevskite	Boevskite	Pb2+4(Te4+O3)2(S6+O4)(S6+O3S2-)	Pb4(TeO3)2(SO4)(S2O3)	Pb_4_(TeO_3_)_2_(SO_4_)(S_2_O_3_)	Pb^2+^_4_(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)	Pb Te O S	IMA2024-041	7555	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Pnma	Pb^2+ Te^4+ O S^6+ S^2-	Boe		No	colourless	#afafaf
638	Bogdanovite	Bogdanovite	(Au,Te,Pb)3(Cu,Fe)	(Au,Te,Pb)3(Cu,Fe)	(Au,Te,Pb)_3_(Cu,Fe)	(Au,Te,Pb)_3_(Cu,Fe)	Au Te Pb Cu Fe	IMA1978-019	1165	Auricupride	cubic	Pm3m	Au Te Pb Cu Fe	Bog	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Brown, Bronze brown, Bluish black.	#653700,#825e2f,#413f44
639	Bøggildite	Boggildite	Na2Sr2Al2(PO4)F9	Na2Sr2Al2(PO4)F9	Na_2_Sr_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)F_9_	Na_2_Sr_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)F_9_	Na Sr Al P O F		1166		monoclinic	P21/c	Na Sr Al P O F	Bgg	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Translucent flesh red	#ffe9e1
640	Boggsite	Boggsite	Na3Ca8(Si77Al19)O192·70H2O	Na3Ca8(Si77Al19)O192·70H2O	Na_3_Ca_8_(Si_77_Al_19_)O_192_·70H_2_O	Na_3_Ca_8_(Si_77_Al_19_)O_192_·70H_2_O	Na Ca Si Al O H	IMA1989-009	1167		orthorhombic	Imma	Na Ca Si Al O H	Bgs	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
641	Bøgvadite	Bogvadite	Na2Ba2SrAl4F20	Na2Ba2SrAl4F20	Na_2_Ba_2_SrAl_4_F_20_	Na_2_Ba_2_SrAl_4_F_20_	Na Ba Sr Al F	IMA1987-029	1168		orthorhombic, monoclinic	P21/n	Na Ba Sr Al F	Bgv	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colourless	#afafaf
642	Bohdanowiczite	Bohdanowiczite	Ag1+Bi3+Se2-2	AgBiSe2	AgBiSe_2_	Ag^1+^Bi^3+^Se^2-^_2_	Ag Bi Se	IMA1978 s.p.	1169		hexagonal	P3m1	Ag^1+ Bi^3+ Se^2-	Boh	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead gray.	#8a7963
643	Böhmite	Bohmite	AlO(OH)	AlO(OH)	AlO(OH)	AlO(OH)	Al O H		1164	Lepidocrocite	orthorhombic	Cmcm, Bbmm, Amam, Cmc21	Al O H	Bhm	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	White, pale greyish brown; yellowish or reddish when impure; colourless in thin section	#ffffff,#fdfdfe,#faee66,#fff8d5,#afafaf
644	Bohseite	Bohseite	Ca4Be3+xAl1-xSi9O25-x(OH)3+x (x = 0 to 1)	Ca4Be3+xAl1-xSi9O25-x(OH)3+x (x = 0 to 1)	Ca_4_Be_3+x_Al_1-x_Si_9_O_25-x_(OH)_3+x_ (x = 0 to 1)	Ca_4_Be_3+x_Al_1-x_Si_9_O_25-x_(OH)_3+x_ (x = 0 to 1)	Ca Be Al Si O H	IMA2010-026, IMA2015 s.p.	5854	Bavenite	orthorhombic	Cmcm	Ca Be Al Si O H	Bhs	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No		#fdfdfe
645	Bohuslavite	Bohuslavite	Fe3+4(PO4)3(S6+O4)(OH)·nH2O (15≤n≤24)	Fe3+4(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)·nH2O (15≤n≤24)	Fe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_3_(SO_4_)(OH)·nH_2_O (15≤n≤24)	Fe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_3_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·nH_2_O (15≤n≤24)	Fe P O S H	IMA2018-074a	6876	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1, P1	Fe^3+ P O S^6+ H	Bhv	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colourless to pinkish to lilac under incandescent light; white to yellowish under sunlight.	#afafaf,#d46a7e,#ba9b97,#ffffff,#edeeda
646	Bojarite	Bojarite	Cu2+3(N3C2H2)1-3(OH)Cl2·6H2O	Cu3(N3C2H2)3(OH)Cl2·6H2O	Cu_3_(N_3_C_2_H_2_)_3_(OH)Cl_2_·6H_2_O	Cu^2+^_3_(N_3_C_2_H_2_)^1-^_3_(OH)Cl_2_·6H_2_O	Cu N C H O Cl	IMA2020-037	7048	Not in a structural group	cubic	Fd3c	Cu^2+ N C H O Cl	Boj	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals	No	Blue	#0000ff
647	Bokite	Bokite	(Al,Fe3+)1.3(V5+,V4+,Fe3+)8O20·7.5H2O	(Al,Fe)1.3(V5+,V4+,Fe3+)8O20·7.5H2O	(Al,Fe)_1.3_(V^5+^,V^4+^,Fe^3+^)_8_O_20_·7.5H_2_O	(Al,Fe^3+^)_1.3_(V^5+^,V^4+^,Fe^3+^)_8_O_20_·7.5H_2_O	Al Fe V O H	IMA1967 s.p.	1170	Straczekite	monoclinic	C2/m	Al Fe^3+ V^5+ V^4+ O H	Bkt	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Black.	#000000
648	Boleite	Boleite	KAg1+9Pb2+26Cu2+24Cl62(OH)48	KAg9Pb26Cu24Cl62(OH)48	KAg_9_Pb_26_Cu_24_Cl_62_(OH)_48_	KAg^1+^_9_Pb^2+^_26_Cu^2+^_24_Cl_62_(OH)_48_	K Ag Pb Cu Cl O H		1171		cubic	Pm3m, Pm3m	K Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Cl O H	Bol	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Indigo blue, Light blue.	#3a18b1,#add8e6
649	Bolivarite	Bolivarite	Al2PO4(OH)3·4H2O	Al2(PO4)(OH)3·4H2O	Al_2_(PO_4_)(OH)_3_·4H_2_O	Al_2_PO_4_(OH)_3_·4H_2_O	Al P O H		5388				Al P O H	Bva	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Greenish white, Yellow green.	#d1f1de,#c8fd3d
650	Bolotinaite	Bolotinaite	(Na7☐)(Al6Si6O24)F·4H2O	(Na7☐)(Al6Si6O24)F·4H2O	(Na_7_[box])(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)F·4H_2_O	(Na_7_[box])(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)F·4H_2_O	Na Al Si O F H	IMA2021-088	7194	Sodalite	cubic	I43m	Na Al Si O F H	Bltn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Pale yellow to pinkish	#eecf9e,#d46a7e
651	Boltwoodite	Boltwoodite	K0.63Na0.37[(U6+O2)(SiO3OH)](H2O)1.5	K0.63Na0.37[(UO2)(SiO3OH)](H2O)1.5	K_0.63_Na_0.37_[(UO_2_)(SiO_3_OH)](H_2_O)_1.5_	K_0.63_Na_0.37_[(U^6+^O_2_)(SiO_3_OH)](H_2_O)_1.5_	K Na U O Si H		1172		monoclinic	P21, P21/m	K Na U^6+ O Si H	Bwd	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow, Light yellow.	#ffff00,#fffe7a
652	Bonaccordite	Bonaccordite	Ni2+2Fe3+O2(BO3)	Ni2Fe3+O2(BO3)	Ni_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)	Ni^2+^_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)	Ni Fe O B	IMA1974-019	1173	Ludwigite	orthorhombic	Pbam	Ni^2+ Fe^3+ O B	Bna	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Reddish brown.	#7f2b0a
653	Bonaccorsiite	Bonaccorsiite	KK2Na3(Al6Si36)O84	KK2Na3(Al6Si36)O84	KK_2_Na_3_(Al_6_Si_36_)O_84_	KK_2_Na_3_(Al_6_Si_36_)O_84_	K Na Al Si O	IMA2025-028	7596	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	P6/mcc	K Na Al Si O	Bcs		No		#fdfdfe
654	Bonacinaite	Bonacinaite	Sc(As5+O4)·2H2O	Sc(AsO4)·2H2O	Sc(AsO_4_)·2H_2_O	Sc(As^5+^O_4_)·2H_2_O	Sc As O H	IMA2018-056	6790	Phosphosiderite	monoclinic, triclinic	P21/n, ?1	Sc As^5+ O H	Bci	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	colourless (with faint to distinct violet tints)	#afafaf,#5b4276
655	Bonattite	Bonattite	Cu2+S6+O4·3H2O	Cu(SO4)·3H2O	Cu(SO_4_)·3H_2_O	Cu^2+^S^6+^O_4_·3H_2_O	Cu S O H		1174		monoclinic	Cc	Cu^2+ S^6+ O H	Bon	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue.	#0000ff
656	Bonazziite	Bonazziite	As4S4	As4S4	As_4_S_4_	As_4_S_4_	As S	IMA2013-141	6295		monoclinic	C2/c	As S	Bzz	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Orange	#ffa500
657	Bonshtedtite	Bonshtedtite	Na3Fe2+(PO4)(CO3)	Na3Fe2+(PO4)(CO3)	Na_3_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)(CO_3_)	Na_3_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)(CO_3_)	Na Fe P O C	IMA1981-026a	1175	Bradleyite	monoclinic	P21/m	Na Fe^2+ P O C	Bsd	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals	No	Colorless, Rose, Yellowish, Greenish.	#afafaf,#ff007f,#faee66,#40a368
658	Boojumite	Boojumite	Pb2+8O4(OH)2(S6+O3S2-)3	Pb8O4(OH)2(S2O3)3	Pb_8_O_4_(OH)_2_(S_2_O_3_)_3_	Pb^2+^_8_O_4_(OH)_2_(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_3_	Pb O H S	IMA2022-028	7256	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Pnma	Pb^2+ O H S^6+ S^2-	Bjm	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	yellow	#ffff00
659	Boothite	Boothite	Cu2+S6+O4·7H2O	Cu(SO4)·7H2O	Cu(SO_4_)·7H_2_O	Cu^2+^S^6+^O_4_·7H_2_O	Cu S O H		1176	Melanterite	monoclinic	P21/c	Cu^2+ S^6+ O H	Boo	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Blue.	#0000ff
660	Boracite	Boracite	Mg3B7O13Cl	Mg3B7O13Cl	Mg_3_B_7_O_13_Cl	Mg_3_B_7_O_13_Cl	Mg B O Cl		1177	Boracite	orthorhombic, cubic	Pca21, F43c	Mg B O Cl	Boc	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Blue green, Colorless, Gray, Yellow, White.	#137e6d,#afafaf,#808080,#ffff00,#ffffff
661	Boralsilite	Boralsilite	Al16B6O30(Si2O7)	Al16B6O30(Si2O7)	Al_16_B_6_O_30_(Si_2_O_7_)	Al_16_B_6_O_30_(Si_2_O_7_)	Al B O Si	IMA1996-029	1178		monoclinic	C2/m	Al B O Si	Bor	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks	No	White, Colorless.	#ffffff,#afafaf
662	Borax	Borax	Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O	Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O	Na_2_B_4_O_5_(OH)_4_·8H_2_O	Na_2_B_4_O_5_(OH)_4_·8H_2_O	Na B O H		1179		monoclinic	C2/c	Na B O H	Brx	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Blue, Colorless, Green, Gray, Gray white.	#0000ff,#afafaf,#00ff00,#808080,#d7d5cb
663	Borcarite	Borcarite	Ca4MgB4O6(CO3)2(OH)6	Ca4MgB4O6(CO3)2(OH)6	Ca_4_MgB_4_O_6_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_	Ca_4_MgB_4_O_6_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_	Ca Mg B O C H	IMA1968 s.p.	1180		monoclinic	C2/m, A2/m	Ca Mg B O C H	Bcr	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue green, Colorless, Green, Greenish blue.	#137e6d,#afafaf,#00ff00,#0b8b87
664	Borisenkoite	Borisenkoite	Cu2+3[(V5+,As5+)O4]2	Cu3[(V,As)O4]2	Cu_3_[(V,As)O_4_]_2_	Cu^2+^_3_[(V^5+^,As^5+^)O_4_]_2_	Cu V As O	IMA2015-113	6511	Lammerite-β	monoclinic	P21/c	Cu^2+ V^5+ As^5+ O	Bsk	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Red-brown, golden-brown or brown	#a52a2f,#b27a01,#653700
665	Bornemanite	Bornemanite	Na6(Na☐)Ba2Ti4+2Nb5+2(Na5☐)Ti4+2(Si2O7)4(PO4)2O4(OH)2F2	Na6(Na☐)Ba2Ti2Nb2(Na5☐)Ti2(Si2O7)4(PO4)2O4(OH)2F2	Na_6_(Na[box])Ba_2_Ti_2_Nb_2_(Na_5_[box])Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_O_4_(OH)_2_F_2_	Na_6_(Na[box])Ba_2_Ti^4+^_2_Nb^5+^_2_(Na_5_[box])Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_O_4_(OH)_2_F_2_	Na Ba Ti Nb Si O P H F	IMA1973-053	1182	Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite	orthorhombic, triclinic, monoclinic	P1, Ib	Na Ba Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O P H F	Bma	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Light yellow.	#fffe7a
666	Bornhardtite	Bornhardtite	Co2+Co3+2Se2-4	Co2+Co3+2Se4	Co^2+^Co^3+^_2_Se_4_	Co^2+^Co^3+^_2_Se^2-^_4_	Co Se		5076	Spinel	cubic		Co^2+ Co^3+ Se^2-	Bhd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Copper, Pink.	#b87333,#ffc0cb
667	Bornite	Bornite	Cu1+5Fe3+S2-4	Cu5FeS4	Cu_5_FeS_4_	Cu^1+^_5_Fe^3+^S^2-^_4_	Cu Fe S	IMA1962 s.p.	1183		cubic, orthorhombic, hexagonal	F23, Pbca, Fm3m, F43m, R3m	Cu^1+ Fe^3+ S^2-	Bn	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Copper red, Bronze brown, Purple.	#cb6d51,#825e2f,#800080
668	Borocookeite	Borocookeite	LiAl4(Si3B)O10(OH)8	LiAl4(Si3B)O10(OH)8	LiAl_4_(Si_3_B)O_10_(OH)_8_	LiAl_4_(Si_3_B)O_10_(OH)_8_	Li Al Si B O H	IMA2000-013	1184	Clay, Chlorite	monoclinic	Cc	Li Al Si B O H	Bckt	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Light pinkish gray.	#ffd1df
669	Borodaevite	Borodaevite	Ag4.83Fe0.21Pb0.45(Bi,Sb)8.84S16	Ag4.83Fe0.21Pb0.45(Bi,Sb)8.84S16	Ag_4.83_Fe_0.21_Pb_0.45_(Bi,Sb)_8.84_S_16_	Ag_4.83_Fe_0.21_Pb_0.45_(Bi,Sb)_8.84_S_16_	Ag Fe Pb Bi Sb S	IMA1991-037	1185		monoclinic	C2/m	Ag Fe Pb Bi Sb S	Bdv	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray.	#808080
670	Boromullite	Boromullite	Al9BSi2O19	Al9BSi2O19	Al_9_BSi_2_O_19_	Al_9_BSi_2_O_19_	Al B Si O	IMA2007-021	5587		orthorhombic	Cmc21	Al B Si O	Bmul	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	White.	#ffffff
671	Boromuscovite	Boromuscovite	KAl2(Si3B)O10(OH)2	KAl2(Si3B)O10(OH)2	KAl_2_(Si_3_B)O_10_(OH)_2_	KAl_2_(Si_3_B)O_10_(OH)_2_	K Al Si B O H	IMA1989-027	1186	Mica	monoclinic	C2/c, C2/m	K Al Si B O H	Bms	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	White, Beige white.	#ffffff,#f6f2f1
672	Borovskite	Borovskite	Pd3SbTe4	Pd3SbTe4	Pd_3_SbTe_4_	Pd_3_SbTe_4_	Pd Sb Te	IMA1972-032	1187		cubic		Pd Sb Te	Bvk	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Dark gray.	#363737
673	Bortnikovite	Bortnikovite	Pd4Cu3Zn	Pd4Cu3Zn	Pd_4_Cu_3_Zn	Pd_4_Cu_3_Zn	Pd Cu Zn	IMA2006-027	5583		tetragonal	P4/mmm	Pd Cu Zn	Bnk	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks	No	Steel white.	#f0ebe0
674	Bortolanite	Bortolanite	Ca2(Ca1.5Zr4+0.5)Na(NaCa)Ti4+(Si2O7)2(OF)F2	Ca2(Ca1.5Zr0.5)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2	Ca_2_(Ca_1.5_Zr_0.5_)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_	Ca_2_(Ca_1.5_Zr^4+^_0.5_)Na(NaCa)Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_	Ca Zr Na Ti Si O F	IMA2021-040a	7187	Seidozerite	triclinic	P1	Ca Zr^4+ Na Ti^4+ Si O F	Btln	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	pale-yellow to brown	#eecf9e,#653700
675	Borzęckiite	Borzeckiite	Pb2+(U6+O2)3(Se4+O3)2O2·3H2O	Pb(UO2)3(SeO3)2O2·3H2O	Pb(UO_2_)_3_(SeO_3_)_2_O_2_·3H_2_O	Pb^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_O_2_·3H_2_O	Pb U O Se H	IMA2018-146a	7277	Guilleminite	orthorhombic	P21nm	Pb^2+ U^6+ O Se^4+ H	Bzc		No	pale orange-yellow	#fdb915
676	Boscardinite	Boscardinite	Tl1+Pb2+4(Sb3+7As3+2)S2-18	TlPb4(Sb7As2)Σ=9S18	TlPb_4_(Sb_7_As_2_)_Σ=9_S_18_	Tl^1+^Pb^2+^_4_(Sb^3+^_7_As^3+^_2_)S^2-^_18_	Tl Pb Sb As S	IMA2010-079	5925	Sartorite	triclinic	P1	Tl^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-	Bcd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead-grey	#8a7963
677	Bosiite	Bosiite	NaFe3+3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O	NaFe3+3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O	NaFe^3+^_3_(Al_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O	NaFe^3+^_3_(Al_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O	Na Fe Al Mg Si O B H	IMA2014-094	6392	Tourmaline	hexagonal	R3m	Na Fe^3+ Al Mg Si O B H	Bos	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Dark brown to black	#73532a,#000000
678	Bosoite	Bosoite	SiO2·nCxH2x+2	SiO2·nCxH2x+2	SiO_2_·nC_x_H_2x+2_	SiO_2_·nC_x_H_2x+2_	Si O C H	IMA2014-023	6328		hexagonal	P6/mmm	Si O C H	Bs	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments	No	Colorless	#afafaf
679	Bostwickite	Bostwickite	CaMn3+6Si3O16·7H2O	CaMn3+6Si3O16·7H2O	CaMn^3+^_6_Si_3_O_16_·7H_2_O	CaMn^3+^_6_Si_3_O_16_·7H_2_O	Ca Mn Si O H	IMA1982-073	1188				Ca Mn^3+ Si O H	Btw	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Dark red.	#840000
680	Botallackite	Botallackite	Cu2+2Cl(OH)3	Cu2Cl(OH)3	Cu_2_Cl(OH)_3_	Cu^2+^_2_Cl(OH)_3_	Cu Cl O H		1189	Atacamite	monoclinic	P21/m	Cu^2+ Cl O H	Blk	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Blue green, Green, Light blue green, Light green.	#137e6d,#00ff00,#add8e6,#76ff7b
681	Botryogen	Botryogen	MgFe3+(S6+O4)2(OH)·7H2O	MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH)·7H2O	MgFe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_(OH)·7H_2_O	MgFe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·7H_2_O	Mg Fe S O H		1190	Botryogen	monoclinic	P21/n	Mg Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Byg	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Hyacinth red, Ocher yellow.	#a75536,#ecc100
682	Bottinoite	Bottinoite	Ni2+Sb5+2(OH)12·6H2O	NiSb5+2(OH)12·6H2O	NiSb^5+^_2_(OH)_12_·6H_2_O	Ni^2+^Sb^5+^_2_(OH)_12_·6H_2_O	Ni Sb O H	IMA1991-029	1191		hexagonal	P3	Ni^2+ Sb^5+ O H	Bot	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes	No	Greenish blue, Light blue, Green.	#0b8b87,#add8e6,#00ff00
683	Botuobinskite	Botuobinskite	SrFe2+(Ti4+12Cr3+6)Mg2[O36(OH)2]	SrFe2+(Ti4+12Cr3+6)Mg2[O36(OH)2]	SrFe^2+^(Ti^4+^_12_Cr^3+^_6_)Mg_2_[O_36_(OH)_2_]	SrFe^2+^(Ti^4+^_12_Cr^3+^_6_)Mg_2_[O_36_(OH)_2_]	Sr Fe Ti Cr Mg O H	IMA2018-143a	7056	Crichtonite	hexagonal	R3	Sr Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Cr^3+ Mg O H	Btb	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks	No	Jet black	#353337
684	Bouazzerite	Bouazzerite	Bi3+6(Mg,Co2+)11Fe3+14(As5+O4)18O12(OH)4·86H2O	Bi6(Mg,Co)11Fe14(AsO4)18O12(OH)4·86H2O	Bi_6_(Mg,Co)_11_Fe_14_(AsO_4_)_18_O_12_(OH)_4_·86H_2_O	Bi^3+^_6_(Mg,Co^2+^)_11_Fe^3+^_14_(As^5+^O_4_)_18_O_12_(OH)_4_·86H_2_O	Bi Mg Co Fe As O H	IMA2005-042	5522		monoclinic	P21/n	Bi^3+ Mg Co^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H	Boz	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Apple green.	#69b076
685	Boulangerite	Boulangerite	Pb2+5Sb3+4S2-11	Pb5Sb4S11	Pb_5_Sb_4_S_11_	Pb^2+^_5_Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_11_	Pb Sb S		1192		orthorhombic, monoclinic	Pbnm, Pnam, Bb21m, P21/a	Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Bou	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead gray, Blue gray, Gray.	#8a7963,#758da3,#808080
686	Bounahasite	Bounahasite	Cu1+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2	Cu1+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2	Cu^1+^Cu^2+^_2_(OH)_3_Cl_2_	Cu^1+^Cu^2+^_2_(OH)_3_Cl_2_	Cu O H Cl	IMA2021-114	7218	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/n	Cu^1+ Cu^2+ O H Cl	Bnhs	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Green	#00ff00
687	Bournonite	Bournonite	Cu1+Pb2+Sb3+S2-3	CuPbSbS3	CuPbSbS_3_	Cu^1+^Pb^2+^Sb^3+^S^2-^_3_	Cu Pb Sb S		1193	Bournonite	orthorhombic	Pn21m	Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Bnn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray, Black, Steel gray.	#808080,#000000,#43464b
688	Bouškaite	Bouskaite	(Mo6+O2)2O(S6+O3OH)2(H2O)2·2H2O	(MoO2)2O(SO3OH)2(H2O)2·2H2O	(MoO_2_)_2_O(SO_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_·2H_2_O	(Mo^6+^O_2_)_2_O(S^6+^O_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_·2H_2_O	Mo O S H	IMA2018-055a	6859	Bouškaite	triclinic	P1	Mo^6+ O S^6+ H	Bok	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless to light beige	#afafaf,#e5deca
689	Boussingaultite	Boussingaultite	(N3-H4)2Mg(S6+O4)2·6H2O	(NH4)2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O	(NH_4_)_2_Mg(SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O	(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Mg(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O	N H Mg S O		1194	Picromerite	monoclinic	P21/a	N^3- H Mg S^6+ O	Bsg	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colorless, Yellow pink, Light yellow, Pink.	#afafaf,#ccaa4d,#fffe7a,#ffc0cb
690	Bowieite	Bowieite	Rh3+2S2-3	Rh2S3	Rh_2_S_3_	Rh^3+^_2_S^2-^_3_	Rh S	IMA1980-022	1195	Bowieite	orthorhombic	Pnca, Pbcn	Rh^3+ S^2-	Bow	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites	No	Gray, Pale gray, Pale brownish gray.	#808080,#fdfdfe,#b1916e
691	Bowlesite	Bowlesite	PtSnS	PtSnS	PtSnS	PtSnS	Pt Sn S	IMA2019-079	6963	Cobaltite	orthorhombic	Pca21	Pt Sn S	Bwl	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations	No		#fdfdfe
692	Boyleite	Boyleite	Zn2+S6+O4·4H2O	Zn(SO4)·4H2O	Zn(SO_4_)·4H_2_O	Zn^2+^S^6+^O_4_·4H_2_O	Zn S O H	IMA1977-026	1196	Starkeyite	monoclinic	P21/n	Zn^2+ S^6+ O H	Boy	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	White.	#ffffff
693	Braccoite	Braccoite	NaMn2+5[Si5O14(OH)](As5+O3OH)	NaMn2+5[Si5O14(OH)](AsO3)(OH)	NaMn^2+^_5_[Si_5_O_14_(OH)](AsO_3_)(OH)	NaMn^2+^_5_[Si_5_O_14_(OH)](As^5+^O_3_OH)	Na Mn Si O H As	IMA2013-093	6251	Saneroite	triclinic, unknown	P1	Na Mn^2+ Si O H As^5+	Bcc	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown-red	#922b05
694	Bracewellite	Bracewellite	Cr3+O(OH)	CrO(OH)	CrO(OH)	Cr^3+^O(OH)	Cr O H	IMA1967-035	1198	Diaspore	orthorhombic	Pbnm	Cr^3+ O H	Bwe	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Dark reddish brown, Reddish brown, Black.	#840000,#7f2b0a,#000000
695	Brackebuschite	Brackebuschite	Pb2+2Mn3+(V5+O4)2(OH)	Pb2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH)	Pb_2_Mn^3+^(VO_4_)_2_(OH)	Pb^2+^_2_Mn^3+^(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)	Pb Mn V O H		1199	Brackebuschite	monoclinic	P21/m, B21/m	Pb^2+ Mn^3+ V^5+ O H	Bbs	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Dark brown, Black.	#73532a,#000000
696	Bradaczekite	Bradaczekite	NaCu2+Cu2+Cu2+2(As5+O4)3	NaCuCuCu2(AsO4)3	NaCuCuCu_2_(AsO_4_)_3_	NaCu^2+^Cu^2+^Cu^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_	Na Cu As O	IMA2000-002	1200	Alluaudite	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Cu^2+ As^5+ O	Bdc	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Dark blue.	#315b7d
697	Bradleyite	Bradleyite	Na3Mg(PO4)(CO3)	Na3Mg(PO4)(CO3)	Na_3_Mg(PO_4_)(CO_3_)	Na_3_Mg(PO_4_)(CO_3_)	Na Mg P O C		1201	Bradleyite	monoclinic	P21/m	Na Mg P O C	Bd	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals	No	Gray, Colorless, White.	#808080,#afafaf,#ffffff
698	Braggite	Braggite	PdPt3S4	PdPt3S4	PdPt_3_S_4_	PdPt_3_S_4_	Pd Pt S	IMA2022 s.p.	1202		tetragonal	P42/m	Pd Pt S	Bg	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations	No	Steel gray.	#43464b
699	Braithwaiteite	Braithwaiteite	NaCu2+5(Ti4+Sb5+)O2(As5+O4)4[As5+O3(OH)]2·8H2O	NaCu2+5(Sb5+Ti4+)O2(AsO4)4[AsO3(OH)]2·8H2O	NaCu^2+^_5_(Sb^5+^Ti^4+^)O_2_(AsO_4_)_4_[AsO_3_(OH)]_2_·8H_2_O	NaCu^2+^_5_(Ti^4+^Sb^5+^)O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_[As^5+^O_3_(OH)]_2_·8H_2_O	Na Cu Sb Ti O As H	IMA2006-050	5611		triclinic	P1	Na Cu^2+ Ti^4+ Sb^5+ O As^5+ H	Bwt	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue	#0000ff
700	Braitschite-(Ce)	Braitschite-(Ce)	Ca6.15Na0.85Ce3+2[B6O7(OH)3(O,OH)3]4·H2O	Ca6.15Na0.85REE2.08[B6O7(OH)3(O,OH)3]4·H2O	Ca_6.15_Na_0.85_REE_2.08_[B_6_O_7_(OH)_3_(O,OH)_3_]_4_·H_2_O	Ca_6.15_Na_0.85_Ce^3+^_2_[B_6_O_7_(OH)_3_(O,OH)_3_]_4_·H_2_O	Ca Na REE B O H	IMA1967-029, IMA1987 s.p.	1203		hexagonal	P6/m	Ca Na Ce^3+ B O H	Btc-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless, White, Pink.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#ffc0cb
701	Branchite	Branchite	C20H34	C20H34	C_20_H_34_	C_20_H_34_	C H	IMA2021 s.p.	5310		triclinic	P1	C H	Bran	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	white, grey, yellowish grey, colourless	#ffffff,#808080,#edeeda,#afafaf
702	Brandãoite	Brandaoite	BeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4·H2O	BeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4·H2O	BeAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_·H_2_O	BeAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_·H_2_O	Be Al P O H	IMA2016-071a	6681	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Be Al P O H	Bdã	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	colorless	#afafaf
703	Brandholzite	Brandholzite	MgSb5+2(OH)12·6H2O	MgSb2(OH)12·6H2O	MgSb_2_(OH)_12_·6H_2_O	MgSb^5+^_2_(OH)_12_·6H_2_O	Mg Sb O H	IMA1998-017	1204		hexagonal	P3, P31m	Mg Sb^5+ O H	Bdh	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
704	Brandtite	Brandtite	Ca2Mn2+(As5+O4)2·2H2O	Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2·2H2O	Ca_2_Mn^2+^(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Ca_2_Mn^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Ca Mn As O H		1205	Roselite	monoclinic	P21/c	Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O H	Bdt	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
705	Brannerite	Brannerite	U4+Ti4+2O6	UTi2O6	UTi_2_O_6_	U^4+^Ti^4+^_2_O_6_	U Ti O	IMA1967 s.p.	1206	Brannerite	monoclinic	C2/m	U^4+ Ti^4+ O	Bnr	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brown, Brown green, Yellow, Yellow brown, Black.	#653700,#706c11,#ffff00,#ae8b0c,#000000
706	Brannockite	Brannockite	KSn4+2(Li3Si12)O30	KSn2(Li3Si12)O30	KSn_2_(Li_3_Si_12_)O_30_	KSn^4+^_2_(Li_3_Si_12_)O_30_	K Sn Li Si O	IMA1972-029	1207	Milarite	hexagonal	P6/mcc	K Sn^4+ Li Si O	Bra	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
707	Brassite	Brassite	Mg(As5+O3OH)·4H2O	Mg(AsO3OH)·4H2O	Mg(AsO_3_OH)·4H_2_O	Mg(As^5+^O_3_OH)·4H_2_O	Mg As O H	IMA1973-047	1208		orthorhombic	Pbca	Mg As^5+ O H	Bsi	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	White.	#ffffff
708	Brattforsite	Brattforsite	Mn2+19As3+12O36Cl2	Mn19As12O36Cl2	Mn_19_As_12_O_36_Cl_2_	Mn^2+^_19_As^3+^_12_O_36_Cl_2_	Mn As O Cl	IMA2019-127	7010	Magnussonite	monoclinic	I2/a	Mn^2+ As^3+ O Cl	Bf	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Orange to reddish-brown	#ffa500,#7f2b0a
709	Braunerite	Braunerite	K2Ca(U6+O2)(CO3)3·6H2O	K2Ca(UO2)(CO3)3·6H2O	K_2_Ca(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·6H_2_O	K_2_Ca(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·6H_2_O	K Ca U O C H	IMA2015-123	6524	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/c	K Ca U^6+ O C H	Bun	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No		#fdfdfe
710	Braunite	Braunite	Mn2+Mn3+6SiO12	Mn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)	Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_6_O_8_(SiO_4_)	Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_6_SiO_12_	Mn O Si		1209	Braunite	tetragonal	I41/acd	Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Si O	Bnt	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brownish black, steel-grey	#413936,#43464b
711	Brazilianite	Brazilianite	NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4	NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4	NaAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_	NaAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_	Na Al P O H		1210	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/n	Na Al P O H	Bzl	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Colorless, Greenish yellow, Yellow green, Light yellow.	#afafaf,#cdfd02,#c8fd3d,#fffe7a
712	Bredigite	Bredigite	Ca7Mg(SiO4)4	Ca7Mg(SiO4)4	Ca_7_Mg(SiO_4_)_4_	Ca_7_Mg(SiO_4_)_4_	Ca Mg Si O		1211		orthorhombic	P2nn	Ca Mg Si O	Bdi	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Colorless, Gray.	#afafaf,#808080
713	Breithauptite	Breithauptite	NiSb	NiSb	NiSb	NiSb	Ni Sb		1212	Nickeline	hexagonal	P63mc, P63/mmc	Ni Sb	Bhp	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Copper red, Light brown red.	#cb6d51,#b5651d
714	Brendelite	Brendelite	(Bi3+,Pb2+)2(Fe3+,Fe2+)O2(OH)PO4	(Bi,Pb)2(Fe3+,Fe2+)O2(OH)(PO4)	(Bi,Pb)_2_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)O_2_(OH)(PO_4_)	(Bi^3+^,Pb^2+^)_2_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)O_2_(OH)PO_4_	Bi Pb Fe O H P	IMA1997-001	1213		monoclinic	C2/m	Bi^3+ Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ O H P	Bde	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Black, Dark brown.	#000000,#73532a
715	Brenkite	Brenkite	Ca2(CO3)F2	Ca2(CO3)F2	Ca_2_(CO_3_)F_2_	Ca_2_(CO_3_)F_2_	Ca C O F	IMA1977-036	1214		orthorhombic	Pbcn	Ca C O F	Bki	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
716	Brewsterite-Ba	Brewsterite-Ba	Ba(Al2Si6)O16·5H2O	Ba(Al2Si6)O16·5H2O	Ba(Al_2_Si_6_)O_16_·5H_2_O	Ba(Al_2_Si_6_)O_16_·5H_2_O	Ba Al Si O H	IMA1997 s.p.	1215	Brewsterite	monoclinic, triclinic	P21/m, P1	Ba Al Si O H	Brw-Ba	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	White, Colorless, Pale pink.	#ffffff,#afafaf,#efcddb
717	Brewsterite-Sr	Brewsterite-Sr	Sr(Al2Si6)O16·5H2O	Sr(Al2Si6)O16·5H2O	Sr(Al_2_Si_6_)O_16_·5H_2_O	Sr(Al_2_Si_6_)O_16_·5H_2_O	Sr Al Si O H	IMA1997 s.p.	1216	Brewsterite	monoclinic, triclinic	P1, P21/m	Sr Al Si O H	Brw-Sr	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	White, Yellowish white, Gray..	#ffffff,#e9f1d0,#808080
718	Breyite	Breyite	Ca3Si3O9	Ca3Si3O9	Ca_3_Si_3_O_9_	Ca_3_Si_3_O_9_	Ca Si O	IMA2018-062	6796	Margarosanite	triclinic	P1, P1	Ca Si O	Byi	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism	No	Colorless	#afafaf
719	Brezinaite	Brezinaite	Cr2+Cr3+2S2-4	Cr3S4	Cr_3_S_4_	Cr^2+^Cr^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_	Cr S	IMA1969-004	1217	Wilkmanite	monoclinic	I2/m	Cr^2+ Cr^3+ S^2-	Bzn	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No	Brownish gray, Gray.	#86775f,#808080
720	Brianite	Brianite	Na2CaMg(PO4)2	Na2CaMg(PO4)2	Na_2_CaMg(PO_4_)_2_	Na_2_CaMg(PO_4_)_2_	Na Ca Mg P O	IMA1966-030	1218	Aphthitalite	orthorhombic, monoclinic	P222, P21/a, P21/c	Na Ca Mg P O	Bne	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
721	Brianroulstonite	Brianroulstonite	Ca3B5O6(OH)7Cl2·8H2O	Ca3B5O6(OH)7Cl2·8H2O	Ca_3_B_5_O_6_(OH)_7_Cl_2_·8H_2_O	Ca_3_B_5_O_6_(OH)_7_Cl_2_·8H_2_O	Ca B O H Cl	IMA1996-009	1219	Brianroulstonite	monoclinic	Pa	Ca B O H Cl	Brsn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
722	Brianyoungite	Brianyoungite	Zn2+3CO3(OH)4	Zn3(CO3)(OH)4	Zn_3_(CO_3_)(OH)_4_	Zn^2+^_3_CO_3_(OH)_4_	Zn C O H	IMA1991-053	1220		monoclinic		Zn^2+ C O H	Byo	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
723	Briartite	Briartite	Cu1+2Fe2+Ge4+S2-4	Cu2FeGeS4	Cu_2_FeGeS_4_	Cu^1+^_2_Fe^2+^Ge^4+^S^2-^_4_	Cu Fe Ge S	IMA1965-018	1221	Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite	tetragonal	I42m	Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Ge^4+ S^2-	Btt	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits	No	Blue gray, Gray, Iron gray.	#758da3,#808080,#7c7f7c
724	Bridgesite-(Ce)	Bridgesite-(Ce)	CaCe3+2Cu2+6(S6+O4)4(OH)12·8H2O	CaCe2Cu6(SO4)4(OH)12·8H2O	CaCe_2_Cu_6_(SO_4_)_4_(OH)_12_·8H_2_O	CaCe^3+^_2_Cu^2+^_6_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_12_·8H_2_O	Ca Ce Cu S O H	IMA2019-034	6956	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/m	Ca Ce^3+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O H	Bdg-Ce	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	blue	#0000ff
725	Bridgmanite	Bridgmanite	MgSiO3	MgSiO3	MgSiO_3_	MgSiO_3_	Mg Si O	IMA2014-017	6334	Perovskite	orthorhombic	Pnma, Pbnm, Pbmm	Mg Si O	Bdm	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism	No		#fdfdfe
726	Brindleyite	Brindleyite	(Ni2+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4	(Ni,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4	(Ni,Al)_3_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_	(Ni^2+^,Al)_3_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_	Ni Al Si O H	IMA1975-009a	1222	Clay, Serpentine	monoclinic, tetragonal		Ni^2+ Al Si O H	Bly	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	Yellow green.	#c8fd3d
727	Brinrobertsite	Brinrobertsite	(Na,K,Ca)0.3(Al,Fe3+,Mg)4(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·3.5H2O	(Na,K,Ca)0.3(Al,Fe,Mg)4(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·3.5H2O	(Na,K,Ca)_0.3_(Al,Fe,Mg)_4_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·3.5H_2_O	(Na,K,Ca)_0.3_(Al,Fe^3+^,Mg)_4_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·3.5H_2_O	Na K Ca Al Fe Mg Si O H	IMA1997-040	1223	Corrensite, Clay	monoclinic		Na K Ca Al Fe^3+ Mg Si O H	Brb	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Gray, Yellowish gray.	#808080,#edeeda
728	Britholite-(Ce)	Britholite-(Ce)	Ca2Ce3+3(SiO4)3OH	(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3(OH)	(Ce,Ca)_5_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)	Ca_2_Ce^3+^_3_(SiO_4_)_3_OH	Ce Ca Si O H	IMA1987 s.p.	1224	Apatite	hexagonal, monoclinic	P63, P21	Ca Ce^3+ Si O H	Bri-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brown, Greenish brown, Yellow, Resin brown, Black.	#653700,#696112,#ffff00,#935848,#000000
729	Britholite-(Y)	Britholite-(Y)	Ca2Y3(SiO4)3OH	(Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3(OH)	(Y,Ca)_5_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)	Ca_2_Y_3_(SiO_4_)_3_OH	Y Ca Si O H	IMA1966 s.p.	1225	Apatite	monoclinic	P21	Ca Y Si O H	Bri-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Reddish brown, Black.	#7f2b0a,#000000
730	Britvinite	Britvinite	Pb2+14Mg9Si10O28(BO3)4(CO3)2F2(OH)12	Pb14Mg9(Si10O28)(BO3)4(CO3)2(OH)12F2	Pb_14_Mg_9_(Si_10_O_28_)(BO_3_)_4_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_12_F_2_	Pb^2+^_14_Mg_9_Si_10_O_28_(BO_3_)_4_(CO_3_)_2_F_2_(OH)_12_	Pb Mg Si O B C H F	IMA2006-031	5359	Molybdophyllite	triclinic	P1	Pb^2+ Mg Si O B C F H	Bv	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pale yellow, Colorless.	#eecf9e,#afafaf
731	Brizziite	Brizziite	NaSb5+O3	NaSbO3	NaSbO_3_	NaSb^5+^O_3_	Na Sb O	IMA1993-044	1226	Corundum	hexagonal	R3	Na Sb^5+ O	Bzi	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colourless, light pink or yellow in aggregates	#afafaf,#ffd1df,#ddedbd
732	Brochantite	Brochantite	Cu2+4S6+O4(OH)6	Cu4(SO4)(OH)6	Cu_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_6_	Cu^2+^_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_6_	Cu S O H	IMA1980 s.p.	1228	Brochantite	monoclinic	P21/n, P21/a	Cu^2+ S^6+ O H	Bct	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Green, Emerald green, Black.	#00ff00,#046307,#000000
733	Brockite	Brockite	(Ca,Th4+,Ce4+)PO4·H2O	(Ca,Th,Ce)(PO4)·H2O	(Ca,Th,Ce)(PO_4_)·H_2_O	(Ca,Th^4+^,Ce^4+^)PO_4_·H_2_O	Ca Th Ce P O H	IMA1967 s.p.	1229	Rhabdophane	hexagonal	P6222	Ca Th^4+ Ce^4+ P O H	Bck	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	White, Light yellow, Dark reddish brown, Reddish brown.	#ffffff,#fffe7a,#840000,#7f2b0a
734	Brodtkorbite	Brodtkorbite	Cu1+2Hg2+Se2-2	Cu2HgSe2	Cu_2_HgSe_2_	Cu^1+^_2_Hg^2+^Se^2-^_2_	Cu Hg Se	IMA1999-023	1230		monoclinic	P21/n, P21/c	Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Se^2-	Bdk	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Dark gray.	#363737
735	Bromargyrite	Bromargyrite	Ag1+Br	AgBr	AgBr	Ag^1+^Br	Ag Br	IMA1962 s.p.	1231	Rocksalt	cubic	Fm3m	Ag^1+ Br	Bag	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Greenish brown, Gray green, Grayish yellow, Yellow, Olive green.	#696112,#86a17d,#877254,#ffff00,#8ead2c
736	Bromellite	Bromellite	BeO	BeO	BeO	BeO	Be O		1232		hexagonal	P63mc	Be O	Bmel	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White.	#ffffff
737	Brontesite	Brontesite	(N3-H4)3Pb2+Cl5	(NH4)3PbCl5	(NH_4_)_3_PbCl_5_	(N^3-^H_4_)_3_Pb^2+^Cl_5_	N H Pb Cl	IMA2008-039	5705		orthorhombic	Pnma	N^3- H Pb^2+ Cl	Bte	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colourless to white	#afafaf,#ffffff
738	Brookite	Brookite	Ti4+O2	TiO2	TiO_2_	Ti^4+^O_2_	Ti O		1233	Brookite	orthorhombic	Pbca	Ti^4+ O	Brk	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Brown, Light brown, Dark brown, Dark reddish brown, Orange.	#653700,#b5651d,#73532a,#840000,#ffa500
739	Browneite	Browneite	Mn2+S2-	MnS	MnS	Mn^2+^S^2-^	Mn S	IMA2012-008	6064	Diamond-Sphalerite	cubic	F43m	Mn^2+ S^2-	Bw	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases	No	Yellowish brown	#9b7a01
740	Brownleeite	Brownleeite	MnSi	MnSi	MnSi	MnSi	Mn Si	IMA2008-011	5670	Brownleeite	cubic	P213	Mn Si	Bwn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates	No		#fdfdfe
741	Brownmillerite	Brownmillerite	Ca2Fe3+AlO5	Ca2Fe3+AlO5	Ca_2_Fe^3+^AlO_5_	Ca_2_Fe^3+^AlO_5_	Ca Fe Al O	IMA1963-017	1234	Brownmillerite, Perovskite	orthorhombic	I2mb, Ibm2	Ca Fe^3+ Al O	Bmlr	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Reddish brown.	#7f2b0a
742	Brucite	Brucite	Mg(OH)2	Mg(OH)2	Mg(OH)_2_	Mg(OH)_2_	Mg O H		1235	Brucite	hexagonal	P3m1	Mg O H	Brc	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization	No	Blue, Gray, Gray blue, Yellow, White.	#0000ff,#808080,#77a1b5,#ffff00,#ffffff
743	Brüggenite	Bruggenite	Ca(I5+O3)2·H2O	Ca(IO3)2·H2O	Ca(IO_3_)_2_·H_2_O	Ca(I^5+^O_3_)_2_·H_2_O	Ca I O H	IMA1970-040	1236		monoclinic	P21/c	Ca I^5+ O H	Brü	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless to bright yellow.	#afafaf,#fffd01
744	Brugnatellite	Brugnatellite	Mg6Fe3+CO3(OH)13·4H2O	Mg6Fe3+(CO3)(OH)13·4H2O	Mg_6_Fe^3+^(CO_3_)(OH)_13_·4H_2_O	Mg_6_Fe^3+^CO_3_(OH)_13_·4H_2_O	Mg Fe C O H		1237	Hydrotalcite	hexagonal		Mg Fe^3+ C O H	Bug	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization	No	Brown white, Brownish pink, Yellow brown, Pink.	#eeebe3,#c27e79,#ae8b0c,#ffc0cb
745	Brumadoite	Brumadoite	Cu2+3Te6+O4(OH)4·5H2O	Cu3(Te6+O4)(OH)4·5H2O	Cu_3_(Te^6+^O_4_)(OH)_4_·5H_2_O	Cu^2+^_3_Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O	Cu Te O H	IMA2008-028	5686		monoclinic		Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H	Bmd	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue.	#0000ff
746	Brunogeierite	Brunogeierite	Fe2+2GeO4	Fe2+2Ge4+O4	Fe^2+^_2_Ge^4+^O_4_	Fe^2+^_2_GeO_4_	Fe Ge O	IMA1972-004	1238	Spinel	cubic	Fd3m	Fe^2+ Ge O	Bng	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Gray, Black.	#808080,#000000
747	Brunovskyite	Brunovskyite	NaZr4+Si2O6(OH)	NaZrSi2O6(OH)	NaZrSi_2_O_6_(OH)	NaZr^4+^Si_2_O_6_(OH)	Na Zr Si O H	IMA2025-089	7538		triclinic	P1	Na Zr^4+ Si O H	Bvs		No	milk colored	#dcb6b5
748	Brushite	Brushite	Ca(PO3OH)·2H2O	Ca(PO3OH)·2H2O	Ca(PO_3_OH)·2H_2_O	Ca(PO_3_OH)·2H_2_O	Ca P O H		1239	Gypsum	monoclinic	Ia	Ca P O H	Bsh	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals	No	Colorless, Yellow, Yellowish white, White.	#afafaf,#ffff00,#e9f1d0,#ffffff
749	Brusnitsynite	Brusnitsynite	Mn2+3Cu1+Pb2+As3+3Sb3+2S2-12	Mn3CuPbAs3Sb2S12	Mn_3_CuPbAs_3_Sb_2_S_12_	Mn^2+^_3_Cu^1+^Pb^2+^As^3+^_3_Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_12_	Mn Cu Pb As Sb S	IMA2025-010	7575	Lillianite	monoclinic	P21/n	Mn^2+ Cu^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Brus		No		#fdfdfe
750	Bubnovaite	Bubnovaite	K2Na8Ca(S6+O4)6	K2Na8Ca(SO4)6	K_2_Na_8_Ca(SO_4_)_6_	K_2_Na_8_Ca(S^6+^O_4_)_6_	K Na Ca S O	IMA2014-108	6406	Aphthitalite	hexagonal	P31c	K Na Ca S^6+ O	Bub	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Light-blue , colorless	#add8e6,#afafaf
751	Buchwaldite	Buchwaldite	NaCaPO4	NaCa(PO4)	NaCa(PO_4_)	NaCaPO_4_	Na Ca P O	IMA1975-041	1240	Aphthitalite	orthorhombic	Pmn21, Pn21a	Na Ca P O	Bwa	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases	No	White.	#ffffff
752	Buckhornite	Buckhornite	(Pb2BiS3)(AuTe2)	(Pb2BiS3)(AuTe2)	(Pb_2_BiS_3_)(AuTe_2_)	(Pb_2_BiS_3_)(AuTe_2_)	Pb Bi S Au Te	IMA1988-022	1241	Buckhornite	orthorhombic	Pmmn	Pb Bi S Au Te	Bhr	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black.	#000000
753	Buddingtonite	Buddingtonite	(N3-H4)AlSi3O8	(NH4)(AlSi3)O8	(NH_4_)(AlSi_3_)O_8_	(N^3-^H_4_)AlSi_3_O_8_	N H Al Si O	IMA1963-001	1242	Feldspar	monoclinic	C2/m	N^3- H Al Si O	Bud	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
754	Bukovite	Bukovite	(Cu1+3Fe3+)Tl1+2Se2-4	(Cu3Fe)Tl2Se4	(Cu_3_Fe)Tl_2_Se_4_	(Cu^1+^_3_Fe^3+^)Tl^1+^_2_Se^2-^_4_	Cu Fe Tl Se	IMA1970-029	1244	Bukovite	tetragonal	I4/mmm	Cu^1+ Fe^3+ Tl^1+ Se^2-	Bko	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray brown, Black.	#7f7053,#000000
755	Bukovskýite	Bukovskyite	Fe3+2(As5+O4)(S6+O4)(OH)·7H2O	Fe3+2(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)·7H2O	Fe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)·7H_2_O	Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·7H_2_O	Fe As O S H	IMA1967-022	1245		triclinic	P1	Fe^3+ As^5+ O S^6+ H	Buk	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Pale yellowish-green to grayish-green	#c2ff89,#82a67d
756	Bulachite	Bulachite	Al6(As5+O4)3(OH)9(H2O)4·2H2O	Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4·2H2O	Al_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_9_(H_2_O)_4_·2H_2_O	Al_6_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_9_(H_2_O)_4_·2H_2_O	Al As O H	IMA1982-081	1246	Bulachite	orthorhombic		Al As^5+ O H	Buh	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Colorless, White, Light green.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#76ff7b
757	Bulgakite	Bulgakite	Li2(Ca,Na)Fe2+7Ti4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4(O,F)(H2O)2	Li2(Ca,Na)Fe2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4(O,F)(H2O)2	Li_2_(Ca,Na)Fe^2+^_7_Ti_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_(O,F)(H_2_O)_2_	Li_2_(Ca,Na)Fe^2+^_7_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_(O,F)(H_2_O)_2_	Li Ca Na Fe Ti Si O H F	IMA2014-041	6336	Astrophyllite-Astrophyllite	triclinic	P1	Li Ca Na Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F	Bgk	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brownish orange	#cb7723
758	Bultfonteinite	Bultfonteinite	Ca2[SiO3(OH)]F·H2O	Ca2SiO3(OH)F·H2O	Ca_2_SiO_3_(OH)F·H_2_O	Ca_2_[SiO_3_(OH)]F·H_2_O	Ca Si O H F		1247	Spurrite-Afwillite	triclinic	P1	Ca Si O H F	Bul	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Colorless, Pink.	#afafaf,#ffc0cb
759	Bunnoite	Bunnoite	Mn2+6AlSi6O18(OH)3	Mn2+6AlSi6O18(OH)3	Mn^2+^_6_AlSi_6_O_18_(OH)_3_	Mn^2+^_6_AlSi_6_O_18_(OH)_3_	Mn Al Si O H	IMA2014-054	6351	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Mn^2+ Al Si O H	Bno	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No		#fdfdfe
760	Bunsenite	Bunsenite	Ni2+O	NiO	NiO	Ni^2+^O	Ni O		1248	Rocksalt	cubic	Fm3m	Ni^2+ O	Bse	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Dark yellow green, Pistachio green.	#e7bf8e,#a9d39e
761	Burangaite	Burangaite	NaFe2+Al5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O	NaFe2+Al5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O	NaFe^2+^Al_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O	NaFe^2+^Al_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O	Na Fe Al P O H	IMA1976-013	1249	Dufrénite	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Fe^2+ Al P O H	Brg	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue, Greenish blue.	#0000ff,#0b8b87
762	Burbankite	Burbankite	(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce3+)3(CO3)5	(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5	(Na,Ca)_3_(Sr,Ba,Ce)_3_(CO_3_)_5_	(Na,Ca)_3_(Sr,Ba,Ce^3+^)_3_(CO_3_)_5_	Na Ca Sr Ba Ce C O		1250	Burbankite	hexagonal	P63/mmc, P63mc	Na Ca Sr Ba Ce^3+ C O	Bbn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Colorless, Grayish yellow, Orange, Pink.	#afafaf,#877254,#ffa500,#ffc0cb
763	Burckhardtite	Burckhardtite	Pb2+2(Fe3+Te6+)[AlSi3O8]O6	Pb2(Fe3+Te6+)(AlSi3O8)O6	Pb_2_(Fe^3+^Te^6+^)(AlSi_3_O_8_)O_6_	Pb^2+^_2_(Fe^3+^Te^6+^)[AlSi_3_O_8_]O_6_	Pb Fe Te Al Si O	IMA1976-052	1251		monoclinic, hexagonal	P31m	Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Te^6+ Al Si O	Bkd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Violet red, Carmine red, Pink.	#a50055,#ff0038,#ffc0cb
764	Burgessite	Burgessite	Co2+2(H2O)4(As5+O3OH)2·H2O	Co2(H2O)4[AsO3(OH)]2(H2O)	Co_2_(H_2_O)_4_[AsO_3_(OH)]_2_(H_2_O)	Co^2+^_2_(H_2_O)_4_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·H_2_O	Co H O As	IMA2007-055	5655	Burgessite	orthorhombic, monoclinic	P2122, P21/n	Co^2+ H O As^5+	Bge	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Purplish pink.	#df4ec8
765	Burkeite	Burkeite	Na4(S6+O4)(CO3)	Na4(SO4)(CO3)	Na_4_(SO_4_)(CO_3_)	Na_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)	Na S O C		1252		orthorhombic	Pmnm	Na S^6+ O C	Bke	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Gray, Gray white, White, Light brown, Pink.	#808080,#d7d5cb,#ffffff,#b5651d,#ffc0cb
766	Burnettite	Burnettite	CaV3+AlSiO6	CaVAlSiO6	CaVAlSiO_6_	CaV^3+^AlSiO_6_	Ca V Al Si O	IMA2013-054	6217	Pyroxene	monoclinic	C2/c	Ca V^3+ Al Si O	Bnet	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates	No		#fdfdfe
767	Burnsite	Burnsite	KCd2+Cu2+7O2(Se4+O3)2Cl9	KCdCu7O2(SeO3)2Cl9	KCdCu_7_O_2_(SeO_3_)_2_Cl_9_	KCd^2+^Cu^2+^_7_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_Cl_9_	K Cd Cu O Se Cl	IMA2000-050	1253		hexagonal	P63/mmc	K Cd^2+ Cu^2+ O Se^4+ Cl	Bur	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Dark red.	#840000
768	Burovaite-Ca	Burovaite-Ca	(Na,K)4Ca2(Ti4+,Nb5+)8[Si4O12]4(OH,O)8·12H2O	(Na,K)4Ca2(Ti,Nb)8[Si4O12]4(OH,O)8·12H2O	(Na,K)_4_Ca_2_(Ti,Nb)_8_[Si_4_O_12_]_4_(OH,O)_8_·12H_2_O	(Na,K)_4_Ca_2_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_8_[Si_4_O_12_]_4_(OH,O)_8_·12H_2_O	Na K Ca Ti Nb Si O H	IMA2008-001	5661	Labuntsovite	monoclinic	C2/m	Na K Ca Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H	Brv-Ca	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	White	#ffffff
769	Burpalite	Burpalite	Na2CaZr4+(Si2O7)F2	Na4Ca2Zr2(Si2O7)2F4	Na_4_Ca_2_Zr_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_F_4_	Na_2_CaZr^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)F_2_	Na Ca Zr Si O F	IMA1988-036	1254	Wöhlerite	monoclinic	P21/a	Na Ca Zr^4+ Si O F	Brp	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Colorless, Yellowish.	#afafaf,#faee66
770	Burroite	Burroite	(N3-H4)2Ca2[V5+10O28]·15H2O	Ca2(NH4)2(V10O28)·15H2O	Ca_2_(NH_4_)_2_(V_10_O_28_)·15H_2_O	(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Ca_2_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·15H_2_O	Ca N H V O	IMA2016-079	6605	Pascoite	triclinic	P1	N^3- H Ca V^5+ O	Burr	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Orange-yellow	#fdb915
771	Burtite	Burtite	CaSn4+(OH)6	CaSn4+(OH)6	CaSn^4+^(OH)_6_	CaSn^4+^(OH)_6_	Ca Sn O H	IMA1980-078	1256	Perovskite	cubic	Pn3	Ca Sn^4+ O H	Bu	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
772	Buryatite	Buryatite	Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)S6+O4B(OH)4(OH,O)6·12H2O	Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6·12H2O	Ca_3_(Si,Fe^3+^,Al)(SO_4_)B(OH)_4_(OH,O)_6_·12H_2_O	Ca_3_(Si,Fe^3+^,Al)S^6+^O_4_B(OH)_4_(OH,O)_6_·12H_2_O	Ca Si Fe Al S O B H	IMA2000-021	1257	Ettringite	hexagonal	P31c	Ca Si Fe^3+ Al S^6+ O B H	Buy	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Light violet gray.	#d6b4fc
773	Buseckite	Buseckite	(Fe2+,Zn2+,Mn2+)S2-	(Fe,Zn,Mn)S	(Fe,Zn,Mn)S	(Fe^2+^,Zn^2+^,Mn^2+^)S^2-^	Fe Zn Mn S	IMA2011-070	6013	Wurtzite	hexagonal	P63mc	Fe^2+ Zn^2+ Mn^2+ S^2-	Bsc	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases	No	Black	#000000
774	Buserite	Buserite	Na4Mn3+6Mn4+8O27·21H2O	Na4Mn14O27·21H2O (?)	Na_4_Mn_14_O_27_·21H_2_O (?)	Na_4_Mn^3+^_6_Mn^4+^_8_O_27_·21H_2_O	Na Mn O H	IMA1970-024	5319				Na Mn^3+ Mn^4+ O H	Bsr	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No		#fdfdfe
775	Bushmakinite	Bushmakinite	Pb2+2Al(PO4)(V5+O4)(OH)	Pb2Al(PO4)(VO4)(OH)	Pb_2_Al(PO_4_)(VO_4_)(OH)	Pb^2+^_2_Al(PO_4_)(V^5+^O_4_)(OH)	Pb Al P O V H	IMA2001-031	1258	Brackebuschite	monoclinic	P21/m	Pb^2+ Al P O V^5+ H	Bmk	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Bright yellow.	#fffd01
776	Bussenite	Bussenite	(Na,☐)2Ba4(Fe2+,Na)2Ti4+2(Si2O7)2(CO3)2O2(OH)2(H2O)2F2	(Na,☐)2Ba4(Fe2+,Na)2Ti2(Si2O7)2(CO3)2O2(OH)2(H2O)2F2	(Na,[box])_2_Ba_4_(Fe^2+^,Na)_2_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(CO_3_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_F_2_	(Na,[box])_2_Ba_4_(Fe^2+^,Na)_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(CO_3_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_F_2_	Na Ba Fe Ti Si O C H F	IMA2000-035	1259	Seidozerite-Bafertisite	triclinic	P1, P1	Na Ba Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O C H F	Bus	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Yellowish brown.	#9b7a01
777	Bussyite-(Ce)	Bussyite-(Ce)	(Ce3+,REE)3(Na,H2O)6Mn2+Si9Be5(O,OH)30F4	(Ce,REE)3(Na,H2O)6MnSi9Be5(O,OH)30F4	(Ce,REE)_3_(Na,H_2_O)_6_MnSi_9_Be_5_(O,OH)_30_F_4_	(Ce^3+^,REE)_3_(Na,H_2_O)_6_Mn^2+^Si_9_Be_5_(O,OH)_30_F_4_	Ce REE Na H O Mn Si Be F	IMA2007-039	5641	Bussyite	monoclinic	C2/c	Ce^3+ REE Na H O Mn^2+ Si Be F	Bsy-Ce	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Pale pinkish orange.	#efcddb
778	Bussyite-(Y)	Bussyite-(Y)	(Y,REE,Ca)3(Na,Ca)6Mn2+Si9Be5(O,F,OH)34	(Y,REE,Ca)3(Na,Ca)6MnSi9Be5(O,F,OH)34	(Y,REE,Ca)_3_(Na,Ca)_6_MnSi_9_Be_5_(O,F,OH)_34_	(Y,REE,Ca)_3_(Na,Ca)_6_Mn^2+^Si_9_Be_5_(O,F,OH)_34_	Y REE Ca Na Mn Si Be O F H	IMA2014-060	6357	Bussyite	monoclinic	C2	Y REE Ca Na Mn^2+ Si Be O F H	Bsy-Y	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Dark brown	#73532a
779	Bustamite	Bustamite	Mn2+2Ca2Mn2+Ca(Si3O9)2	Mn2Ca2MnCa(Si3O9)2	Mn_2_Ca_2_MnCa(Si_3_O_9_)_2_	Mn^2+^_2_Ca_2_Mn^2+^Ca(Si_3_O_9_)_2_	Mn Ca Si O		1260	Wollastonite	triclinic	I1, F1	Mn^2+ Ca Si O	Bst	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Brown red, Light pink, Pink.	#922b05,#ffd1df,#ffc0cb
780	Butianite	Butianite	Ni6SnS2	Ni6SnS2	Ni_6_SnS_2_	Ni_6_SnS_2_	Ni Sn S	IMA2016-028	6556	Nuwaite	tetragonal	I4/mmm	Ni Sn S	But	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No		#fdfdfe
781	Butlerite	Butlerite	Fe3+S6+O4(OH)·2H2O	Fe3+(SO4)(OH)·2H2O	Fe^3+^(SO_4_)(OH)·2H_2_O	Fe^3+^S^6+^O_4_(OH)·2H_2_O	Fe S O H		1261	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/m	Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Btl	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Dark yellow, Orange.	#e7bf8e,#ffa500
782	Bütschliite	Butschliite	K2Ca(CO3)2	K2Ca(CO3)2	K_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_	K_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_	K Ca C O		1262		hexagonal	R3m	K Ca C O	Büt	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM29 - Lightning-generated minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Grayish yellow, brownish gray, may be pale green	#877254,#86775f,#006a77
783	Buttgenbachite	Buttgenbachite	Cu2+36(N5+O3)2Cl6(OH)64·nH2O	Cu36(NO3)2Cl8(OH)62·nH2O	Cu_36_(NO_3_)_2_Cl_8_(OH)_62_·nH_2_O	Cu^2+^_36_(N^5+^O_3_)_2_Cl_6_(OH)_64_·nH_2_O	Cu N O Cl H		1263	Connellite	hexagonal	P63/mmc	Cu^2+ N^5+ O Cl H	Bba	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Azure, Blue.	#007fff,#0000ff
784	Buynite	Buynite	Tl1+Pb2+14As3+17S2-40	TlPb14As17S40	TlPb_14_As_17_S_40_	Tl^1+^Pb^2+^_14_As^3+^_17_S^2-^_40_	Tl Pb As S	IMA2023-049	7397	Sartorite	monoclinic	P21	Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-	Buyn		No		#fdfdfe
785	Byelorussite-(Ce)	Byelorussite-(Ce)	NaBa2Ce3+2Mn2+Ti4+2Si8O26(F,OH)·H2O	NaBa2Ce2Mn2+Ti2Si8O26(F,OH)·H2O	NaBa_2_Ce_2_Mn^2+^Ti_2_Si_8_O_26_(F,OH)·H_2_O	NaBa_2_Ce^3+^_2_Mn^2+^Ti^4+^_2_Si_8_O_26_(F,OH)·H_2_O	Na Ba Ce Mn Ti Si O F H	IMA1988-042	1264	Joaquinite	orthorhombic	P212121, Ama2	Na Ba Ce^3+ Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O F H	Bye-Ce	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	Yellow, Yellow brown, Light brown, Light yellow.	#ffff00,#ae8b0c,#b5651d,#fffe7a
786	Bykovaite	Bykovaite	(Ba,Na,K)2(Na,Ti4+,Mn2+)4(Ti4+,Nb5+)2O2Si4O14(H2O,F,OH)2·3.5H2O	(Ba,Na,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2O2Si4O14(H2O,F,OH)2·3.5H2O	(Ba,Na,K)_2_(Na,Ti,Mn)_4_(Ti,Nb)_2_O_2_Si_4_O_14_(H_2_O,F,OH)_2_·3.5H_2_O	(Ba,Na,K)_2_(Na,Ti^4+^,Mn^2+^)_4_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_2_O_2_Si_4_O_14_(H_2_O,F,OH)_2_·3.5H_2_O	Ba Na K Ti Mn Nb O Si H F	IMA2003-044	5248		monoclinic	P2/m, Pb	Ba Na K Ti^4+ Mn^2+ Nb^5+ O Si H F	Byv	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Creamy yellow, Pale yellow.	#f1f1e6,#eecf9e
787	Byrudite	Byrudite	(Be,☐)(V3+,Ti4+)3O6	(Be,☐)(V3+,Ti)3O6	(Be,[box])(V^3+^,Ti)_3_O_6_	(Be,[box])(V^3+^,Ti^4+^)_3_O_6_	Be V Ti O	IMA2013-045	6209	Humite	orthorhombic	Pnma	Be V^3+ Ti^4+ O	Byd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Black	#000000
788	Bystrite	Bystrite	Na7Ca(Al6Si6)O24(S5)2-Cl	Na7Ca(Al6Si6)O24(S5)2-Cl1-	Na_7_Ca(Al_6_Si_6_)O_24_(S_5_)^2-^Cl^1-^	Na_7_Ca(Al_6_Si_6_)O_24_(S_5_)^2-^Cl	Na Ca Al Si O S Cl	IMA1990-008	1265	Cancrinite-sodalite	hexagonal	P31c	Na Ca Al Si O S Cl	Bys	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
789	Byströmite	Bystromite	MgSb5+2O6	MgSb5+2O6	MgSb^5+^_2_O_6_	MgSb^5+^_2_O_6_	Mg Sb O		1266	Tapiolite	tetragonal	P42/mnm	Mg Sb^5+ O	Bym	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Bluish-grey	#748b97
790	Bytízite	Bytizite	Cu3SbSe3	Cu3SbSe3	Cu_3_SbSe_3_	Cu_3_SbSe_3_	Cu Sb Se	IMA2016-044	6572		orthorhombic	Pnma	Cu Sb Se	Btz	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Steel-grey	#43464b
791	Byzantievite	Byzantievite	Ba5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti4+,Nb5+)18(SiO4)4(PO4,SiO4)4(BO3)9O22((OH),F)43(H2O)1.5	Ba5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti,Nb)18(SiO4)4[(PO4),(SiO4)]4(BO3)9O22[(OH),F]43(H2O)1.5	Ba_5_(Ca,REE,Y)_22_(Ti,Nb)_18_(SiO_4_)_4_[(PO_4_),(SiO_4_)]_4_(BO_3_)_9_O_22_[(OH),F]_43_(H_2_O)_1.5_	Ba_5_(Ca,REE,Y)_22_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_18_(SiO_4_)_4_(PO_4_,SiO_4_)_4_(BO_3_)_9_O_22_((OH),F)_43_(H_2_O)_1.5_	Ba Ca REE Y Ti Nb Si O P B H F	IMA2009-001	5731	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	R3	Ba Ca REE Y Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O P B H F	Byz	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brown	#653700
792	Cabalzarite	Cabalzarite	CaMg2(As5+O4)2·2H2O	CaMg2(AsO4)2·2H2O	CaMg_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	CaMg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Ca Mg As O H	IMA1997-012	1267	Natrochalcite	monoclinic	C2/m	Ca Mg As^5+ O H	Clz	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Light brown, Brownish pink, Orange brown.	#b5651d,#c27e79,#b16002
793	Cabrerite	Cabrerite	Ni2+Mg2(As5+O4)2·8H2O	NiMg2(AsO4)2·8H2O	NiMg_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O	Ni^2+^Mg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O	Ni Mg As O H	IMA2023-123	7479	Vivianite	monoclinic	C2/m	Ni^2+ Mg As^5+ O H	Cabr		No	Green, pale greenish, pale pinkish	#00ff00,#69b076,#efcddb
794	Cabriite	Cabriite	Pd2CuSn	Pd2CuSn	Pd_2_CuSn	Pd_2_CuSn	Pd Cu Sn	IMA1981-057	1268		orthorhombic	Pmmm	Pd Cu Sn	Cbr	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations	No	Gray white.	#d7d5cb
795	Cabvinite	Cabvinite	Th4+2F7(OH)·3H2O	Th2F7(OH)·3H2O	Th_2_F_7_(OH)·3H_2_O	Th^4+^_2_F_7_(OH)·3H_2_O	Th F O H	IMA2016-011	6538	Not in a structural group	tetragonal	I4/m	Th^4+ F O H	Cbv	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White	#ffffff
796	Cacoxenite	Cacoxenite	Fe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12·75H2O	Fe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12·75H2O	Fe^3+^_24_AlO_6_(PO_4_)_17_(OH)_12_·75H_2_O	Fe^3+^_24_AlO_6_(PO_4_)_17_(OH)_12_·75H_2_O	Fe Al O P H		1269		hexagonal	P63/m	Fe^3+ Al O P H	Cac	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Brownish yellow, Green, Yellow, Golden yellow, Red yellow.	#c9b003,#00ff00,#ffff00,#ffdf00,#dcc79e
797	Cadmium	Cadmium	Cd	Cd	Cd	Cd	Cd	IMA1980-086a	1270		hexagonal	P63/mmc	Cd	Cd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations	Yes	Tin white.	#cfd5db
798	Cadmoindite	Cadmoindite	Cd2+In3+2S2-4	CdIn2S4	CdIn_2_S_4_	Cd^2+^In^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_	Cd In S	IMA2003-042	5182	Spinel	cubic	Fd3m, Fd3m	Cd^2+ In^3+ S^2-	Cad	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Black, Dark brown.	#000000,#73532a
799	Cadmoselite	Cadmoselite	Cd2+Se2-	CdSe	CdSe	Cd^2+^Se^2-^	Cd Se		1271	Wurtzite	hexagonal	P63mc	Cd^2+ Se^2-	Cds	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black.	#000000
800	Cadsulfohite	Cadsulfohite	Cd2(S6+O4)(OH)2	Cd2(SO4)(OH)2	Cd_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_2_	Cd_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_	Cd S O H	IMA2024-088	7537		monoclinic	P21/n	Cd S^6+ O H	Cdso		No		#fdfdfe
801	Cadvanite	Cadvanite	Cd(V5+O3)2	Cd(VO3)2	Cd(VO_3_)_2_	Cd(V^5+^O_3_)_2_	Cd V O	IMA2025-005	7572		monoclinic	C2/m	Cd V^5+ O	Cdv		No		#fdfdfe
802	Cadwaladerite	Cadwaladerite	Al2(H2O)(OH)4·n(Cl,OH-,H2O)	Al2(H2O)(OH)4·n(Cl,OH-,H2O)	Al_2_(H_2_O)(OH)_4_·n(Cl,OH^-^,H_2_O)	Al_2_(H_2_O)(OH)_4_·n(Cl,OH^-^,H_2_O)	Al H O Cl	IMA2019 s.p.	1272		cubic	I213	Al H O Cl	Cwd	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Lemon.	#fff700
803	Caesiumpharmacosiderite	Caesiumpharmacosiderite	CsFe3+4[(As5+O4)3(OH)4]·4H2O	CsFe4[(AsO4)3(OH)4]·4H2O	CsFe_4_[(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_]·4H_2_O	CsFe^3+^_4_[(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_]·4H_2_O	Cs Fe As O H	IMA2013-096	6252	Pharmacosiderite	cubic	P43m	Cs Fe^3+ As^5+ O H	Cpsd	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No		#fdfdfe
804	Cafarsite	Cafarsite	(Ca,Na,☐)19Ti4+8Fe3+4Fe2+4(As3+O3)28F	(Ca,Na,☐)19Ti8Fe3+4Fe2+4(AsO3)28F	(Ca,Na,[box])_19_Ti_8_Fe^3+^_4_Fe^2+^_4_(AsO_3_)_28_F	(Ca,Na,[box])_19_Ti^4+^_8_Fe^3+^_4_Fe^2+^_4_(As^3+^O_3_)_28_F	Ca Na Ti Fe As O F	IMA1965-036	1273		cubic	Pn3	Ca Na Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ As^3+ O F	Caf	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brownish yellow, Brownish black, Dark brown, Dark red.	#c9b003,#413936,#73532a,#840000
805	Cafeosite	Cafeosite	Ca4Fe2+3Fe3+2 ☐O6S2-4	Ca4Fe2+3Fe3+2 ☐O6S4	Ca_4_Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_ [box]O_6_S_4_	Ca_4_Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_ [box]O_6_S^2-^_4_	Ca Fe O S	IMA2021-022a	7434		orthorhombic	Cmca	Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O S^2-	Cfo		No		#fdfdfe
806	Cafetite	Cafetite	CaTi4+2O5·H2O	CaTi2O5·H2O	CaTi_2_O_5_·H_2_O	CaTi^4+^_2_O_5_·H_2_O	Ca Ti O H	IMA1962 s.p.	1274		orthorhombic, monoclinic	P21/n	Ca Ti^4+ O H	Cft	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Colorless, Pale yellow.	#afafaf,#eecf9e
807	Cahnite	Cahnite	Ca2B(As5+O4)(OH)4	Ca2B(AsO4)(OH)4	Ca_2_B(AsO_4_)(OH)_4_	Ca_2_B(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_4_	Ca B As O H		1275	Zircon	tetragonal	I4	Ca B As^5+ O H	Cah	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
808	Cairncrossite	Cairncrossite	Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x	Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x	Sr_2_Ca_7-x_Na_2x_(Si_4_O_10_)_4_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_15-x_	Sr_2_Ca_7-x_Na_2x_(Si_4_O_10_)_4_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_15-x_	Sr Ca Na Si O H	IMA2013-012	6175	Gyrolite	triclinic		Sr Ca Na Si O H	Ccs	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Colourless	#afafaf
809	Calamaite	Calamaite	Na2Ti4+O(S6+O4)2·2H2O	Na2TiO(SO4)2·2H2O	Na_2_TiO(SO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Na_2_Ti^4+^O(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Na Ti O S H	IMA2016-036	6564	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Ibam	Na Ti^4+ O S^6+ H	Clm	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless (isolated xtls) , white (aggregates)	#afafaf,#bbcc99
810	Calaverite	Calaverite	AuTe2	AuTe2	AuTe_2_	AuTe_2_	Au Te		1276	Melonite	monoclinic	P2/c, Pc, C2/m	Au Te	Clv	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Yellow, Yellowish white.	#ffff00,#e9f1d0
811	Calciborite	Calciborite	CaB2O4	CaB2O4	CaB_2_O_4_	CaB_2_O_4_	Ca B O		1277		orthorhombic	Pccn	Ca B O	Cbo	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	White.	#ffffff
812	Calcinaksite	Calcinaksite	KNaCa(Si4O10)·H2O	KNaCa(Si4O10)·H2O	KNaCa(Si_4_O_10_)·H_2_O	KNaCa(Si_4_O_10_)·H_2_O	K Na Ca Si O H	IMA2013-081	6240	Litidionite	triclinic	P1	K Na Ca Si O H	Cnk	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Colorless to light gray	#afafaf,#d8dcd6
813	Calcioancylite-(Ce)	Calcioancylite-(Ce)	(Ce3+,Ca,Sr)(CO3)(OH,H2O)	(Ce,Ca,Sr)(CO3)(OH,H2O)	(Ce,Ca,Sr)(CO_3_)(OH,H_2_O)	(Ce^3+^,Ca,Sr)(CO_3_)(OH,H_2_O)	Ce Ca Sr C O H	IMA1987 s.p.	1278	Ancylite	orthorhombic, monoclinic	Pmmm, Pmcn, Pm	Ce^3+ Ca Sr C O H	Canc-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless, Gray, Pale yellow.	#afafaf,#808080,#eecf9e
814	Calcioancylite-(La)	Calcioancylite-(La)	(LaCa)(CO3)2(OH)(H2O)	(LaCa)(CO3)2(OH)(H2O)	(LaCa)(CO_3_)_2_(OH)(H_2_O)	(LaCa)(CO_3_)_2_(OH)(H_2_O)	La Ca C O H	IMA2021-090	7196	Ancylite	orthorhombic	Pmcn	La Ca C O H	Canc-La	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	colourless to pale pinkish gray	#afafaf,#efcddb
815	Calcioancylite-(Nd)	Calcioancylite-(Nd)	Nd2.8Ca1.2(CO3)4(OH)3·H2O	Nd2.8Ca1.2(CO3)4(OH)3·H2O	Nd_2.8_Ca_1.2_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_3_·H_2_O	Nd_2.8_Ca_1.2_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_3_·H_2_O	Nd Ca C O H	IMA1989-008	1279	Ancylite	monoclinic	Pm	Nd Ca C O H	Canc-Nd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Pink.	#ffc0cb
816	Calcioandyrobertsite	Calcioandyrobertsite	KCaCu2+5(As5+O4)4[As5+(OH)2O2]·2H2O	KCaCu5(AsO4)4[As(OH)2O2]·2H2O	KCaCu_5_(AsO_4_)_4_[As(OH)_2_O_2_]·2H_2_O	KCaCu^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_[As^5+^(OH)_2_O_2_]·2H_2_O	K Ca Cu As O H	IMA1997-023	1280	Andyrobertsite	orthorhombic	Pnma	K Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O H	Carb	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Intensely blue, electric blue	#001155,#7df9ff
817	Calcioaravaipaite	Calcioaravaipaite	Pb2+Ca2AlF9	PbCa2AlF9	PbCa_2_AlF_9_	Pb^2+^Ca_2_AlF_9_	Pb Ca Al F	IMA1994-018	1281	Aravaipaite	monoclinic, triclinic	C1, P1	Pb^2+ Ca Al F	Cavp	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, Milk white.	#afafaf,#dcd9cd
818	Calcioburbankite	Calcioburbankite	Na3(Ca,Ce3+,Sr,La)3(CO3)5	Na3(Ca,Ce,Sr,La)3(CO3)5	Na_3_(Ca,Ce,Sr,La)_3_(CO_3_)_5_	Na_3_(Ca,Ce^3+^,Sr,La)_3_(CO_3_)_5_	Na Ca Ce Sr La C O	IMA1993-001	1283	Burbankite	hexagonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic	P63mc, P21, Cmc21	Na Ca Ce^3+ Sr La C O	Cbbn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Deep orange, Silky white, Pink. light.	#dc4d01,#efebe2,#ff8ad8
819	Calciocatapleiite	Calciocatapleiite	CaZr4+Si3O9·H2O	CaZrSi3O9·2H2O	CaZrSi_3_O_9_·2H_2_O	CaZr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·H_2_O	Ca Zr Si O H	IMA2007 s.p.	1290	Catapleiite	orthorhombic	Pbnn	Ca Zr^4+ Si O H	Cctp	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Light yellow, Reddish brown, Cream.	#fffe7a,#7f2b0a,#ffffc2
820	Calciocopiapite	Calciocopiapite	CaFe3+4(S6+O4)6(OH)2·20H2O	CaFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O	CaFe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O	CaFe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O	Ca Fe S O H	IMA1967 s.p.	1284	Copiapite	triclinic	P1	Ca Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Ccpi	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Brownish yellow, Grayish yellow.	#c9b003,#877254
821	Calciodelrioite	Calciodelrioite	Ca(V5+O3)2·4H2O	Ca(VO3)2·4H2O	Ca(VO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O	Ca(V^5+^O_3_)_2_·4H_2_O	Ca V O H	IMA2012-031	6088	Delrioite	monoclinic	I2/a	Ca V^5+ O H	Cdlr	Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Colourless, tan to brown, nearly black	#afafaf,#d1b26f,#653700,#263032
822	Calcioferrite	Calcioferrite	Ca4MgFe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O	Ca4MgFe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O	Ca_4_MgFe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O	Ca_4_MgFe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O	Ca Mg Fe P O H		1285	Calcioferrite	monoclinic	C2/c	Ca Mg Fe^3+ P O H	Cfr	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Greenish yellow, Yellow, Yellow green, Yellowish white.	#cdfd02,#ffff00,#c8fd3d,#e9f1d0
823	Calciohatertite	Calciohatertite	NaNaCa(CaFe3+)(As5+O4)3	NaNaCa(CaFe3+)(AsO4)3	NaNaCa(CaFe^3+^)(AsO_4_)_3_	NaNaCa(CaFe^3+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_3_	Na Ca Fe As O	IMA2021-013	7130	Alluaudite	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Ca Fe^3+ As^5+ O	Chtt	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No		#fdfdfe
824	Calciohilairite	Calciohilairite	CaZr4+Si3O9·3H2O	CaZrSi3O9·3H2O	CaZrSi_3_O_9_·3H_2_O	CaZr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·3H_2_O	Ca Zr Si O H	IMA1984-023	1286		hexagonal	R32	Ca Zr^4+ Si O H	Chlr	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Blue white, White.	#dae7e9,#ffffff
825	Calciojohillerite	Calciojohillerite	NaCaMgMg2(As5+O4)3	NaCaMgMg2(AsO4)3	NaCaMgMg_2_(AsO_4_)_3_	NaCaMgMg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_	Na Ca Mg As O	IMA2016-068	6597	Alluaudite	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Ca Mg As^5+ O	Cjhl	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colourless, pale green, pale yellow, light blue, pale lilac or pink	#afafaf,#69b076,#eecf9e,#add8e6,#d8b5bf,#ffc0cb
826	Calciolangbeinite	Calciolangbeinite	K2Ca2(S6+O4)3	K2Ca2(SO4)3	K_2_Ca_2_(SO_4_)_3_	K_2_Ca_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_	K Ca S O	IMA2011-067	6010	Langbeinite	cubic	P213	K Ca S^6+ O	Clgb	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Colorless	#afafaf
827	Calciomurmanite	Calciomurmanite	(Ca☐)Ti4+2(Na☐)Ti4+2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4	(Ca☐)Ti2(Na☐)Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4	(Ca[box])Ti_2_(Na[box])Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_	(Ca[box])Ti^4+^_2_(Na[box])Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_	Ca Ti Na Si O H	IMA2014-103	6402	Seidozerite-Murmanite	triclinic	P1	Ca Ti^4+ Na Si O H	Cmmn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	pale brownish, purple	#b1916e,#800080
828	Calcio-olivine	Calcio-olivine	Ca2SiO4	Ca2(SiO4)	Ca_2_(SiO_4_)	Ca_2_SiO_4_	Ca Si O	IMA2007 s.p.	5407	Olivine	orthorhombic	Pbnm	Ca Si O	Caol	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Very light yellowish rose (caused by microinclusions of bernalite), colorless in thin sections	#673b66,#afafaf
829	Calciopetersite	Calciopetersite	Cu2+6Ca(PO4)2(PO3OH)(OH)6·3H2O	CaCu6(PO4)2(PO3OH)(OH)6·3H2O	CaCu_6_(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_·3H_2_O	Cu^2+^_6_Ca(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_·3H_2_O	Ca Cu P O H	IMA2001-004	5410	Mixite	hexagonal	P63/m	Cu^2+ Ca P O H	Cpts	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Olive green.	#8ead2c
830	Calciopharmacoalumite	Calciopharmacoalumite	Ca0.5Al4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·5H2O	Ca0.5Al4(AsO4)3(OH)4·5H2O	Ca_0.5_Al_4_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O	Ca_0.5_Al_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O	Ca Al As O H	IMA2021-085	7488	Pharmacosiderite	cubic	P43m	Ca Al As^5+ O H	Cpal		No	light-brown	#b5651d
831	Calciosamarskite	Calciosamarskite	(Ca,Fe3+,Fe2+,Y)(Nb5+Ta5+,Ti4+)O4	(Ca,Fe,Y)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4	(Ca,Fe,Y)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O_4_	(Ca,Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Y)(Nb^5+^Ta^5+^,Ti^4+^)O_4_	Ca Fe Y Nb Ta Ti O	IMA2022 s.p.	5412	Columbite	monoclinic		Ca Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Y Nb^5+ Ta^5+ Ti^4+ O	Csmk	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Black	#000000
832	Calciotantite	Calciotantite	CaTa4O11	CaTa4O11	CaTa_4_O_11_	CaTa_4_O_11_	Ca Ta O	IMA1981-039	1287		hexagonal	P6322	Ca Ta O	Ctan	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
833	Calciouranoite	Calciouranoite	(Ca,Ba,Pb2+,K,Na)U6+2O7·5H2O	(Ca,Ba,Pb,K,Na)U2O7·5H2O	(Ca,Ba,Pb,K,Na)U_2_O_7_·5H_2_O	(Ca,Ba,Pb^2+^,K,Na)U^6+^_2_O_7_·5H_2_O	Ca Ba Pb K Na U O H	IMA1973-004	1288	Wölsendorfite			Ca Ba Pb^2+ K Na U^6+ O H	Cun	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown, Orange, Orange brown, Red orange.	#653700,#ffa500,#b16002,#ff3f34
834	Calcioursilite	Calcioursilite	Ca4(U6+O2)4(Si2O5)5(OH)6·15H2O	Ca4(UO2)4(Si2O5)5(OH)6·15H2O	Ca_4_(UO_2_)_4_(Si_2_O_5_)_5_(OH)_6_·15H_2_O	Ca_4_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(Si_2_O_5_)_5_(OH)_6_·15H_2_O	Ca U O Si H		5414	Ursilite	orthorhombic		Ca U^6+ O Si H	Caur	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Lemon yellow	#cfff04
835	Calcioveatchite	Calcioveatchite	SrCaB11O16(OH)5·H2O	SrCaB11O16(OH)5·H2O	SrCaB_11_O_16_(OH)_5_·H_2_O	SrCaB_11_O_16_(OH)_5_·H_2_O	Sr Ca B O H	IMA2020-011	7027	Veatchite	monoclinic	P21	Sr Ca B O H	Cvea	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	colourless	#afafaf
836	Calcite	Calcite	CaCO3	Ca(CO3)	Ca(CO_3_)	CaCO_3_	Ca C O		1289	Calcite	hexagonal	R3c, R32/c, R3c	Ca C O	Cal	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM28 - Photo-alteration, pre-biotic, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere, PM44 - Anoxic microbially-mediated minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization	No	Colorless, White, Pink, Yellow, Brown.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#ffc0cb,#ffff00,#653700
837	Calcjarlite	Calcjarlite	Na2(Ca,☐)14(Mg,☐)2Al12F64(OH)4	Na2(Ca,☐)14(Mg,☐)2Al12F64(OH)4	Na_2_(Ca,[box])_14_(Mg,[box])_2_Al_12_F_64_(OH)_4_	Na_2_(Ca,[box])_14_(Mg,[box])_2_Al_12_F_64_(OH)_4_	Na Ca Mg Al F O H		1291	Jarlite			Na Ca Mg Al F O H	Cjar	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	White.	#ffffff
838	Calclacite	Calclacite	Ca(CH3COO)1-Cl·5H2O	Ca(CH3COO)Cl·5H2O	Ca(CH_3_COO)Cl·5H_2_O	Ca(CH_3_COO)^1-^Cl·5H_2_O	Ca C H O Cl		1292	Acetate	monoclinic	P21/a, P21/c	Ca C H O Cl	Calc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes	No	White.	#ffffff
839	Calcurmolite	Calcurmolite	(Ca1-xNax)2(U6+O2)3(Mo6+O4)2(OH)6-x·nH2O	(Ca1-xNax)2(UO2)3(MoO4)2(OH)6-x·nH2O	(Ca_1-x_Na_x_)_2_(UO_2_)_3_(MoO_4_)_2_(OH)_6-x_·nH_2_O	(Ca_1-x_Na_x_)_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6-x_·nH_2_O	Ca Na U O Mo H		1293		monoclinic		Ca Na U^6+ O Mo^6+ H	Cau	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Honey yellow.	#ca9456
840	Calcybeborosilite-(Y)	Calcybeborosilite-(Y)	(Y,REE,Ca)2(B,Be)2(SiO4)2(OH,O)2	(Y,REE,Ca)2(B,Be)2(SiO4)2(OH,O)2	(Y,REE,Ca)_2_(B,Be)_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH,O)_2_	(Y,REE,Ca)_2_(B,Be)_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH,O)_2_	Y REE Ca B Be Si O H		5417	Gadolinite	monoclinic	P21/a	Y REE Ca B Be Si O H	Cbbs-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No		#fdfdfe
841	Calderite	Calderite	Mn2+3Fe3+2(SiO4)3	Mn2+3Fe3+2(SiO4)3	Mn^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_	Mn^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_	Mn Fe Si O		1294	Garnet	cubic	Ia3d	Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Si O	Cdr	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Dark yellow, Reddish yellow.	#e7bf8e,#cdfd02
842	Calderónite	Calderonite	Pb2+2Fe3+(V5+O4)2(OH)	Pb2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH)	Pb_2_Fe^3+^(VO_4_)_2_(OH)	Pb^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)	Pb Fe V O H	IMA2001-022	4975	Brackebuschite	monoclinic	P21/m	Pb^2+ Fe^3+ V^5+ O H	Cdn	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Reddish orange to reddish brown, yellow	#f8481c,#7f2b0a,#ffff00
843	Caledonite	Caledonite	Cu2+2Pb2+5(S6+O4)3(CO3)(OH)6	Cu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6	Cu_2_Pb_5_(SO_4_)_3_(CO_3_)(OH)_6_	Cu^2+^_2_Pb^2+^_5_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(CO_3_)(OH)_6_	Cu Pb S O C H		1295	Caledonite	orthorhombic	Pmn21	Cu^2+ Pb^2+ S^6+ O C H	Cdo	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue, Blue green, Green, Dark green.	#0000ff,#137e6d,#00ff00,#033500
844	Calkinsite-(Ce)	Calkinsite-(Ce)	Ce3+2(CO3)3·4H2O	Ce2(CO3)3·4H2O	Ce_2_(CO_3_)_3_·4H_2_O	Ce^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_3_·4H_2_O	Ce C O H	IMA1987 s.p.	1296		orthorhombic	P21221	Ce^3+ C O H	Clk-Ce	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Light yellow.	#fffe7a
845	Callaghanite	Callaghanite	Cu2+2Mg2CO3(OH)6·2H2O	Cu2Mg2(CO3)(OH)6·2H2O	Cu_2_Mg_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·2H_2_O	Cu^2+^_2_Mg_2_CO_3_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O	Cu Mg C O H		1297		monoclinic	C2/c	Cu^2+ Mg C O H	Cgh	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Azure, Violet blue.	#007fff,#510ac9
846	Calomel	Calomel	HgCl	HgCl	HgCl	HgCl	Hg Cl		1298		tetragonal	I4/mmm	Hg Cl	Clo	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White, Yellowish gray, Gray, Yellowish white, Brown.	#ffffff,#edeeda,#808080,#e9f1d0,#653700
847	Calumetite	Calumetite	CaCu2+4(OH)8Cl2·3.5H2O	CaCu4(OH)8Cl2·3.5H2O	CaCu_4_(OH)_8_Cl_2_·3.5H_2_O	CaCu^2+^_4_(OH)_8_Cl_2_·3.5H_2_O	Ca Cu O H Cl	IMA2019 s.p.	1299	Anthonyite	orthorhombic	Cmcm	Ca Cu^2+ O H Cl	Clu	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Azure blue, Powder blue, Bluish white.	#4d91c6,#b0e0e6,#e5dad4
848	Calvertite	Calvertite	Cu5Ge0.5S4	Cu5Ge0.5S4	Cu_5_Ge_0.5_S_4_	Cu_5_Ge_0.5_S_4_	Cu Ge S	IMA2006-030	5523		cubic		Cu Ge S	Cvt	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black.	#000000
849	Calzirtite	Calzirtite	Ca2Zr4+5Ti4+2O16	Ca2Zr5Ti2O16	Ca_2_Zr_5_Ti_2_O_16_	Ca_2_Zr^4+^_5_Ti^4+^_2_O_16_	Ca Zr Ti O	IMA1967 s.p.	1300	Calzirtite	tetragonal, orthorhombic	I41/acd, Pbca	Ca Zr^4+ Ti^4+ O	Caz	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Brown green, Light brown, Light green, Dark brown, Black brown.	#706c11,#b5651d,#76ff7b,#73532a,#73532a
850	Camanchacaite	Camanchacaite	Na☐CaMg2(As5+O4)2[As5+O2(OH)2]	Na☐CaMg2(AsO4)2[AsO2(OH)2]	Na[box]CaMg_2_(AsO_4_)_2_[AsO_2_(OH)_2_]	Na[box]CaMg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_[As^5+^O_2_(OH)_2_]	Na Ca Mg As O H	IMA2018-025	6770	Alluaudite	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Ca Mg As^5+ O H	Ccc	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations	No	Colourless, pink-beige	#afafaf,#c9aa98
851	Cámaraite	Camaraite	NaBa3Fe2+8Ti4+4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4F3	NaBa3Fe2+8Ti4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4F3	NaBa_3_Fe^2+^_8_Ti_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_O_4_(OH)_4_F_3_	NaBa_3_Fe^2+^_8_Ti^4+^_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_O_4_(OH)_4_F_3_	Na Ba Fe Ti Si O H F	IMA2009-011	5740	Seidozerite-Bafertisite	triclinic	C1	Na Ba Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F	Cám	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Orange-red to brownish-red	#fe4401,#9e3623
852	Camaronesite	Camaronesite	Fe3+2(PO3OH)2(S6+O4)(H2O)4·1-2H2O	Fe3+2(PO3OH)2(SO4)(H2O)4·1-2H2O	Fe^3+^_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_(SO_4_)(H_2_O)_4_·1-2H_2_O	Fe^3+^_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(H_2_O)_4_·1-2H_2_O	Fe P O H S	IMA2012-094	6142	Taranakite	hexagonal	R32	Fe^3+ P O H S^6+	Cmr	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Lavender	#b56edc
853	Camérolaite	Camerolaite	Cu2+6Al3(OH)18(H2O)2[Sb5+(OH)6](S6+O4)	Cu6Al3(OH)18(H2O)2[Sb(OH)6](SO4)	Cu_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_(H_2_O)_2_[Sb(OH)_6_](SO_4_)	Cu^2+^_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_(H_2_O)_2_[Sb^5+^(OH)_6_](S^6+^O_4_)	Cu Al O H Sb S	IMA1990-036	1301	Cyanotrichite	monoclinic, triclinic	P1, C1	Cu^2+ Al O H Sb^5+ S^6+	Cmé	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue-green	#137e6d
854	Cameronite	Cameronite	Cu5-x(Cu,Ag)3+xTe10 (x = 0.43)	Cu5-x(Cu,Ag)3+xTe10 (x = 0.43)	Cu_5-x_(Cu,Ag)_3+x_Te_10_ (x = 0.43)	Cu_5-x_(Cu,Ag)_3+x_Te_10_ (x = 0.43)	Cu Ag Te	IMA1984-069	1302		tetragonal, monoclinic	C2/c	Cu Ag Te	Cme	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black, Gray.	#000000,#808080
855	Camgasite	Camgasite	CaMgAs5+O4(OH)·5H2O	CaMg(AsO4)(OH)·5H2O	CaMg(AsO_4_)(OH)·5H_2_O	CaMgAs^5+^O_4_(OH)·5H_2_O	Ca Mg As O H	IMA1988-031	1303		monoclinic	P21/m	Ca Mg As^5+ O H	Cmg	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
856	Caminite	Caminite	Mg7(S6+O4)5(OH)4·H2O	Mg7(SO4)5(OH)4·H2O	Mg_7_(SO_4_)_5_(OH)_4_·H_2_O	Mg_7_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_(OH)_4_·H_2_O	Mg S O H	IMA1983-015	1304	Lipscombite	tetragonal	I41/amd	Mg S^6+ O H	Cmi	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
857	Campigliaite	Campigliaite	Cu2+4Mn2+(S6+O4)2(OH)6·4H2O	Cu4Mn2+(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O	Cu_4_Mn^2+^(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O	Cu^2+^_4_Mn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O	Cu Mn S O H	IMA1981-001	1305	Devilline	monoclinic	C2	Cu^2+ Mn^2+ S^6+ O H	Cpg	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Light blue, Pink.	#add8e6,#ffc0cb
858	Campostriniite	Campostriniite	(Bi3+2.5Na0.5)(N3-H4)2Na2(S6+O4)6·H2O	(Bi2.5Na0.5)(NH4)2Na2(SO4)6·H2O	(Bi_2.5_Na_0.5_)(NH_4_)_2_Na_2_(SO_4_)_6_·H_2_O	(Bi^3+^_2.5_Na_0.5_)(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Na_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_·H_2_O	Bi Na N H S O	IMA2013-086a	6245	Görgeyite	monoclinic	C2/c	Bi^3+ Na N^3- H S^6+ O	Cps	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	White	#ffffff
859	Canaphite	Canaphite	Na2CaP2O7·4H2O	Na2CaP2O7·4H2O	Na_2_CaP_2_O_7_·4H_2_O	Na_2_CaP_2_O_7_·4H_2_O	Na Ca P O H	IMA1983-067	1306		monoclinic	Pc	Na Ca P O H	Cnp	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
860	Canasite	Canasite	K3Na3Ca5Si12O30(OH)4	K3Na3Ca5Si12O30(OH)4	K_3_Na_3_Ca_5_Si_12_O_30_(OH)_4_	K_3_Na_3_Ca_5_Si_12_O_30_(OH)_4_	K Na Ca Si O H	IMA1962 s.p.	1307		monoclinic	Cm	K Na Ca Si O H	Cns	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brownish yellow, Green yellow, Light green.	#c9b003,#c6f808,#76ff7b
861	Canavesite	Canavesite	Mg2(HBO3)(CO3)·5H2O	Mg2(HBO3)(CO3)·5H2O	Mg_2_(HBO_3_)(CO_3_)·5H_2_O	Mg_2_(HBO_3_)(CO_3_)·5H_2_O	Mg H B O C	IMA1977-025	1308		monoclinic		Mg H B O C	Cnv	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	White.	#ffffff
862	Cancrinite	Cancrinite	(Na,Ca,☐)8(Al6Si6)O24(CO3,S6+O4)2·2H2O	(Na,Ca,☐)8(Al6Si6)O24(CO3,SO4)2·2H2O	(Na,Ca,[box])_8_(Al_6_Si_6_)O_24_(CO_3_,SO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	(Na,Ca,[box])_8_(Al_6_Si_6_)O_24_(CO_3_,S^6+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Na Ca Al Si O C S H		1309	Cancrinite	hexagonal	P63	Na Ca Al Si O C S^6+ H	Ccn	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Blue, Colorless, Gray green, Yellow, White.	#0000ff,#afafaf,#86a17d,#ffff00,#ffffff
863	Cancrisilite	Cancrisilite	Na7(Si7Al5)O24(CO3)·3H2O	Na7(Si7Al5)O24(CO3)·3H2O	Na_7_(Si_7_Al_5_)O_24_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O	Na_7_(Si_7_Al_5_)O_24_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O	Na Si Al O C H	IMA1990-013	1310	Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite	hexagonal	P63mc	Na Si Al O C H	Cnc	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless, Gray, Lilac, Light violet, Pink.	#afafaf,#808080,#cea2fd,#d6b4fc,#ffc0cb
864	Canfieldite	Canfieldite	Ag1+8Sn4+S2-6	Ag8SnS6	Ag_8_SnS_6_	Ag^1+^_8_Sn^4+^S^2-^_6_	Ag Sn S		1311	Argyrodite	orthorhombic, cubic	F43m	Ag^1+ Sn^4+ S^2-	Cfi	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black.	#000000
865	Cannizzarite	Cannizzarite	Pb2+8Bi3+10S2-23	Pb8Bi10S23	Pb_8_Bi_10_S_23_	Pb^2+^_8_Bi^3+^_10_S^2-^_23_	Pb Bi S		1313		monoclinic	P21/m	Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-	Cnz	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Light gray, Silver gray.	#d8dcd6,#a8a8a4
866	Cannonite	Cannonite	Bi3+2O(S6+O4)(OH)2	Bi2O(SO4)(OH)2	Bi_2_O(SO_4_)(OH)_2_	Bi^3+^_2_O(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_	Bi O S H	IMA1992-002	1314		monoclinic	P21/c	Bi^3+ O S^6+ H	Cnn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
867	Canosioite	Canosioite	Ba2Fe3+(As5+O4)2(OH)	Ba2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)	Ba_2_Fe^3+^(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)	Ba_2_Fe^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)	Ba Fe As O H	IMA2015-030	6433	Brackebuschite	monoclinic	P21/m	Ba Fe^3+ As^5+ O H	Cso	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Reddish-brown	#7f2b0a
868	Canutite	Canutite	Na☐Mn2+Mn2+2(As5+O4)[As5+O3(OH)]2	Na☐MnMn2(AsO4)[AsO3(OH)]2	Na[box]MnMn_2_(AsO_4_)[AsO_3_(OH)]_2_	Na[box]Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)[As^5+^O_3_(OH)]_2_	Na Mn As O H	IMA2013-070	6231	Alluaudite	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Mn^2+ As^5+ O H	Can	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations	No	Reddish brown	#7f2b0a
869	Caoxite	Caoxite	Ca(C2)6+O4·3H2O	Ca(C2O4)·3H2O	Ca(C_2_O_4_)·3H_2_O	Ca(C_2_)^6+^O_4_·3H_2_O	Ca C O H	IMA1996-012	1315	Oxalate	triclinic	P1	Ca C O H	Cao	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
870	Capgaronnite	Capgaronnite	AgHgClS	AgHgClS	AgHgClS	AgHgClS	Ag Hg Cl S	IMA1990-011	1316		orthorhombic	P21212	Ag Hg Cl S	Cga	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brownish black, Black.	#413936,#000000
871	Cappelenite-(Y)	Cappelenite-(Y)	BaY6B6Si3O24F2	BaY6B6Si3O24F2	BaY_6_B_6_Si_3_O_24_F_2_	BaY_6_B_6_Si_3_O_24_F_2_	Ba Y B Si O F	IMA1987 s.p.	1317		hexagonal	P3	Ba Y B Si O F	Cpp-Y	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Greenish brown.	#696112
872	Capranicaite	Capranicaite	KCaNaAl4B4Si2O18	KCaNaAl4B4Si2O18	KCaNaAl_4_B_4_Si_2_O_18_	KCaNaAl_4_B_4_Si_2_O_18_	K Ca Na Al B Si O	IMA2009-086	5815	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/n	K Ca Na Al B Si O	Cpc	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals	No	Colourless	#afafaf
873	Caracolite	Caracolite	Na2(Pb2+2Na)(S6+O4)3Cl	Na2(Pb2Na)(SO4)3Cl	Na_2_(Pb_2_Na)(SO_4_)_3_Cl	Na_2_(Pb^2+^_2_Na)(S^6+^O_4_)_3_Cl	Na Pb S O Cl		1318	Apatite	hexagonal, monoclinic	P63/m, P21/m	Na Pb^2+ S^6+ O Cl	Cco	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue, Colorless, Greenish gray, Gray.	#0000ff,#afafaf,#96ae8d,#808080
874	Carboborite	Carboborite	Ca2Mg[B(OH)4]2(CO3)2·4H2O	Ca2Mg[B(OH)4]2(CO3)2·4H2O	Ca_2_Mg[B(OH)_4_]_2_(CO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O	Ca_2_Mg[B(OH)_4_]_2_(CO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O	Ca Mg B O H C	IMA1967 s.p.	1319		monoclinic	P21/n	Ca Mg B O H C	Cab	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
875	Carbobystrite	Carbobystrite	Na8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3)·4H2O	Na8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3)·4H2O	Na_8_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)(CO_3_)·4H_2_O	Na_8_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)(CO_3_)·4H_2_O	Na Al Si O C H	IMA2009-028	5755	Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite	hexagonal	P31c	Na Al Si O C H	Cbys	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless	#afafaf
876	Carbocalumite	Carbocalumite	Ca4Al2(OH)12(CO3)·6H2O	Ca4Al2(OH)12(CO3)·6H2O	Ca_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·6H_2_O	Ca_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·6H_2_O	Ca Al O H C	IMA2021-106	7208	Hydrotalcite	hexagonal	R3c	Ca Al O H C	Cbcl	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No		#fdfdfe
877	Carbocernaite	Carbocernaite	(Sr,Ce4+,La)(Ca,Na)(CO3)2	(Sr,Ce,La)(Ca,Na)(CO3)2	(Sr,Ce,La)(Ca,Na)(CO_3_)_2_	(Sr,Ce^4+^,La)(Ca,Na)(CO_3_)_2_	Sr Ce La Ca Na C O	IMA1967 s.p.	1320	Carbocernaite	orthorhombic	Pmc21	Sr Ce^4+ La Ca Na C O	Cbc	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Brown, Colorless, Yellow, Yellow brown, White.	#653700,#afafaf,#ffff00,#ae8b0c,#ffffff
878	Carboferriphoxite	Carboferriphoxite	[(N3-H4)K(H2CO3)][Fe3+(HPO4)(H2PO4)((C2)6+O4)]	[(NH4)K(H2CO3)][Fe3+(HPO4)(H2PO4)(C2O4)]	[(NH_4_)K(H_2_CO_3_)][Fe^3+^(HPO_4_)(H_2_PO_4_)(C_2_O_4_)]	[(N^3-^H_4_)K(H_2_CO_3_)][Fe^3+^(HPO_4_)(H_2_PO_4_)((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)]	N H K C O Fe P	IMA2023-097	7439	Oxalate, Ferriphoxite	triclinic	P1	N^3- H K C O Fe^3+ P	Cfphx		No	colorless	#afafaf
879	Carboirite	Carboirite	Fe2+Al2GeO5(OH)2	Fe2+Al2GeO5(OH)2	Fe^2+^Al_2_GeO_5_(OH)_2_	Fe^2+^Al_2_GeO_5_(OH)_2_	Fe Al Ge O H	IMA1980-066	1321	Chloritoid	triclinic	C1	Fe^2+ Al Ge O H	Cb	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Green	#00ff00
880	Carbokentbrooksite	Carbokentbrooksite	(Na,☐)12(Na,Ce3+)3Ca6Mn2+3Zr4+3Nb5+Si25O73(OH)3(CO3)·H2O	(Na,☐)12(Na,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3NbSi25O73(OH)3(CO3)·H2O	(Na,[box])_12_(Na,Ce)_3_Ca_6_Mn_3_Zr_3_NbSi_25_O_73_(OH)_3_(CO_3_)·H_2_O	(Na,[box])_12_(Na,Ce^3+^)_3_Ca_6_Mn^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^Si_25_O_73_(OH)_3_(CO_3_)·H_2_O	Na Ce Ca Mn Zr Nb Si O H C	IMA2002-056	1323	Eudialyte	hexagonal	R3m	Na Ce^3+ Ca Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H C	Cktb	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
881	Carbonatecyanotrichite	Carbonatecyanotrichite	Cu2+4Al2CO3(OH)12·2H2O	Cu4Al2(CO3)(OH)12·2H2O	Cu_4_Al_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_12_·2H_2_O	Cu^2+^_4_Al_2_CO_3_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O	Cu Al C O H	IMA1967 s.p.	1324	Cyanotrichite			Cu^2+ Al C O H	Ccya	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue, Greenish blue, Azure blue.	#0000ff,#0b8b87,#4d91c6
882	Cardite	Cardite	Zn2+5.5(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)(OH)3·3H2O	Zn5.5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)3·3H2O	Zn_5.5_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_3_·3H_2_O	Zn^2+^_5.5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_3_·3H_2_O	Zn As O H	IMA2015-125	6526	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Cmcm	Zn^2+ As^5+ O H	Cdi	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White to pinkish white and pale tan	#ffffff,#fff1fa
883	Carducciite	Carducciite	(Ag1+Sb3+)Pb2+6(As3+,Sb3+)8S2-20	(AgSb)Pb6(As,Sb)8S20	(AgSb)Pb_6_(As,Sb)_8_S_20_	(Ag^1+^Sb^3+^)Pb^2+^_6_(As^3+^,Sb^3+^)_8_S^2-^_20_	Ag Sb Pb As S	IMA2013-006	6169		monoclinic	P21/c	Ag^1+ Sb^3+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-	Cdu	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black	#000000
884	Caresite	Caresite	Fe2+4Al2(OH)12CO3·3H2O	Fe2+4Al2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O	Fe^2+^_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O	Fe^2+^_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_CO_3_·3H_2_O	Fe Al O H C	IMA1992-030	1327	Hydrotalcite	hexagonal	P3112	Fe^2+ Al O H C	Cre	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless, Yellow, Orange brown.	#afafaf,#ffff00,#b16002
885	Carletonite	Carletonite	KNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)4(F,OH)·H2O	KNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)4(F,OH)·H2O	KNa_4_Ca_4_Si_8_O_18_(CO_3_)_4_(F,OH)·H_2_O	KNa_4_Ca_4_Si_8_O_18_(CO_3_)_4_(F,OH)·H_2_O	K Na Ca Si O C F H	IMA1969-016	1328	Carletonite	tetragonal	P4/mbm	K Na Ca Si O C F H	Cto	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless, Light blue, Dark blue, Pink.	#afafaf,#add8e6,#315b7d,#ffc0cb
886	Carletonmooreite	Carletonmooreite	Ni3Si	Ni3Si	Ni_3_Si	Ni_3_Si	Ni Si	IMA2018-068	6800		cubic	Pm3m	Ni Si	Cmo	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases	No		#fdfdfe
887	Carlfrancisite	Carlfrancisite	Mn2+3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42[As3+O3]2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]6[(As5+,Si)O4]2(OH)42	Mn2+3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42(As3+O3)2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]6[(As5+,Si)O4]2(OH)42	Mn^2+^_3_(Mn^2+^,Mg,Fe^3+^,Al)_42_(As^3+^O_3_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_[(Si,As^5+^)O_4_]_6_[(As^5+^,Si)O_4_]_2_(OH)_42_	Mn^2+^_3_(Mn^2+^,Mg,Fe^3+^,Al)_42_[As^3+^O_3_]_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_[(Si,As^5+^)O_4_]_6_[(As^5+^,Si)O_4_]_2_(OH)_42_	Mn Mg Fe Al As O Si H	IMA2012-033	6091	Hematolite	hexagonal	R3c	Mn^2+ Mg Fe^3+ Al As^3+ O As^5+ Si H	Cfc	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Pale yellow to yellow-orange	#eecf9e,#fcb001
888	Carlfriesite	Carlfriesite	CaTe4+2Te6+O8	CaTe4+2Te6+O8	CaTe^4+^_2_Te^6+^O_8_	CaTe^4+^_2_Te^6+^O_8_	Ca Te O	IMA1973-013	1329		monoclinic	C2/c, I2/a	Ca Te^4+ Te^6+ O	Clf	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
889	Carlgieseckeite-(Nd)	Carlgieseckeite-(Nd)	NaNdCa3(PO4)3F	NaNdCa3(PO4)3F	NaNdCa_3_(PO_4_)_3_F	NaNdCa_3_(PO_4_)_3_F	Na Nd Ca P O F	IMA2010-036	5866	Apatite	hexagonal	P3	Na Nd Ca P O F	Csk-Nd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Colorless with a faint greenish hue; Pink	#afafaf,#ffc0cb
890	Carlhintzeite	Carlhintzeite	Ca2AlF7·H2O	Ca2AlF7·H2O	Ca_2_AlF_7_·H_2_O	Ca_2_AlF_7_·H_2_O	Ca Al F H O	IMA1978-031	1330		triclinic	P1, C1	Ca Al F H O	Chz	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
891	Carlinite	Carlinite	Tl1+2S2-	Tl2S	Tl_2_S	Tl^1+^_2_S^2-^	Tl S	IMA1974-062	1331		hexagonal	R3	Tl^1+ S^2-	Cni	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Dark gray, Black.	#363737,#000000
892	Carlosbarbosaite	Carlosbarbosaite	(U6+O2)2Nb5+2O6(OH)2·2H2O	(UO2)2Nb2O6(OH)2·2H2O	(UO_2_)_2_Nb_2_O_6_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O	(U^6+^O_2_)_2_Nb^5+^_2_O_6_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O	U O Nb H	IMA2010-047	5876		orthorhombic	Cmcm	U^6+ O Nb^5+ H	Cbb	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Cream to pale yellow	#ffffc2,#eecf9e
893	Carlosruizite	Carlosruizite	K3Na2Na3Mg5(I5+O3)6(Se6+O4)6·6H2O	K3Na2Na3Mg5(IO3)6(SeO4)6·6H2O	K_3_Na_2_Na_3_Mg_5_(IO_3_)_6_(SeO_4_)_6_·6H_2_O	K_3_Na_2_Na_3_Mg_5_(I^5+^O_3_)_6_(Se^6+^O_4_)_6_·6H_2_O	K Na Mg I O Se H	IMA1993-020	1332		hexagonal	P3c1	K Na Mg I^5+ O Se^6+ H	Crz	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless, Pale yellow.	#afafaf,#eecf9e
894	Carlosturanite	Carlosturanite	(Mg,Fe2+,Ti4+)21(Si,Al)12O28(OH)34·H2O	(Mg,Fe2+,Ti)21(Si,Al)12O28(OH)34·H2O	(Mg,Fe^2+^,Ti)_21_(Si,Al)_12_O_28_(OH)_34_·H_2_O	(Mg,Fe^2+^,Ti^4+^)_21_(Si,Al)_12_O_28_(OH)_34_·H_2_O	Mg Fe Ti Si Al O H	IMA1984-009	1333		monoclinic	Cm	Mg Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si Al O H	Csr	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Light brown.	#b5651d
895	Carlsbergite	Carlsbergite	Cr3+N3-	CrN	CrN	Cr^3+^N^3-^	Cr N	IMA1971-026	1334	Rocksalt	cubic	Fm3m	Cr^3+ N^3-	Cbg	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases	No	Gray.	#808080
896	Carlsonite	Carlsonite	(N3-H4)5Fe3+3O(S6+O4)6·7H2O	(NH4)5Fe3+3O(SO4)6·7H2O	(NH_4_)_5_Fe^3+^_3_O(SO_4_)_6_·7H_2_O	(N^3-^H_4_)_5_Fe^3+^_3_O(S^6+^O_4_)_6_·7H_2_O	N H Fe O S	IMA2014-067	6366	Metavoltine	triclinic	P1	N^3- H Fe^3+ O S^6+	Csn	Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	yellow to orange-brown	#ffff00,#b16002
897	Carmeltazite	Carmeltazite	Zr4+Al2Ti3+4O11	ZrAl2Ti4O11	ZrAl_2_Ti_4_O_11_	Zr^4+^Al_2_Ti^3+^_4_O_11_	Zr Al Ti O	IMA2018-103	6804	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Pnma	Zr^4+ Al Ti^3+ O	Ctz	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals	No	Dark brown to dark green	#73532a,#033500
898	Carmichaelite	Carmichaelite	(Ti4+,Cr3+,Fe3+)(O,OH)2	(Ti,Cr,Fe)(O,OH)2	(Ti,Cr,Fe)(O,OH)_2_	(Ti^4+^,Cr^3+^,Fe^3+^)(O,OH)_2_	Ti Cr Fe O H	IMA1996-062	1335		monoclinic	P21/c	Ti^4+ Cr^3+ Fe^3+ O H	Cmh	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism	No	Cinnamon brown, Black.	#9e6a19,#000000
899	Carminite	Carminite	Pb2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2	PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2	PbFe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_	Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_	Pb Fe As O H		1336	Carminite	orthorhombic	Cccm	Pb^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H	Cmt	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Carmine red, Reddish brown.	#ff0038,#7f2b0a
900	Carnallite	Carnallite	KMgCl3·6H2O	KMgCl3·6H2O	KMgCl_3_·6H_2_O	KMgCl_3_·6H_2_O	K Mg Cl H O		1337	Carnallite	orthorhombic	Pnna, Pbnn	K Mg Cl H O	Cna	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Blue, Colorless, Yellow, White, Red.	#0000ff,#afafaf,#ffff00,#ffffff,#ff0000
901	Carnotite	Carnotite	K2(U6+O2)2(V5+O4)2·3H2O	K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O	K_2_(UO_2_)_2_(VO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O	K_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_·3H_2_O	K U O V H		1338		monoclinic	P21/c	K U^6+ O V^5+ H	Cnt	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Yellow, Golden yellow, Greenish yellow.	#ffff00,#ffdf00,#cdfd02
902	Carobbiite	Carobbiite	KF	KF	KF	KF	K F		1339	Rocksalt	cubic	Fm3m	K F	Crb	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
903	Carpathite	Carpathite	C24H12	C24H12	C_24_H_12_	C_24_H_12_	C H	IMA1971 s.p.	4976		monoclinic	P21/a	C H	Cpa	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Yellow, yellowish brown	#ffff00,#9b7a01
904	Carpholite	Carpholite	Mn2+Al2Si2O6(OH)4	Mn2+Al2Si2O6(OH)4	Mn^2+^Al_2_Si_2_O_6_(OH)_4_	Mn^2+^Al_2_Si_2_O_6_(OH)_4_	Mn Al Si O H		1340	Carpholite	orthorhombic	Ccca	Mn^2+ Al Si O H	Car	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism	No	Straw yellow, Greenish gray, Yellowish brown.	#f0d696,#96ae8d,#9b7a01
905	Carraraite	Carraraite	Ca3Ge(S6+O4)(CO3)(OH)6·12H2O	Ca3Ge(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6·12H2O	Ca_3_Ge(SO_4_)(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·12H_2_O	Ca_3_Ge(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·12H_2_O	Ca Ge S O C H	IMA1998-002	1341	Ettringite	hexagonal	P63/m	Ca Ge S^6+ O C H	Cra	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations	No	Milky white.	#dcd9cd
906	Carrboydite	Carrboydite	Ni2+14Al9(S6+O4)6(OH)43·7H2O	(Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)	(Ni_1-x_Al_x_)(SO_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)	Ni^2+^_14_Al_9_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_43_·7H_2_O	Ni Al S O H	IMA1974-033	1342	Woodwardite, Hydrotalcite	hexagonal	P3m1	Ni^2+ Al S^6+ O H	Cby	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue green, Yellow green.	#137e6d,#c8fd3d
907	Carrollite	Carrollite	Cu1+Co3+2S4	CuCo2S4	CuCo_2_S_4_	Cu^1+^Co^3+^_2_S_4_	Cu Co S		1343	Spinel	cubic	Fd3m	Cu^1+ Co^3+ S	Cli	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations	No	Gray, Gray, Copper red, Light gray, Steel.	#808080,#808080,#cb6d51,#d8dcd6,#797979
908	Caryinite	Caryinite	NaCaCaMn2+2(As5+O4)3	NaCaCaMn2(AsO4)3	NaCaCaMn_2_(AsO_4_)_3_	NaCaCaMn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_	Na Ca Mn As O	IMA1980 s.p.	1344	Alluaudite	monoclinic	I2/a	Na Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O	Cyn	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Brown, Yellow brown.	#653700,#ae8b0c
909	Caryochroite	Caryochroite	(Na,Sr)3(Fe3+,Mg)10Ti4+2Si12O37(H2O,O,OH)17	(Na,Sr)3(Fe3+,Mg)10Ti2Si12O37(H2O,O,OH)17	(Na,Sr)_3_(Fe^3+^,Mg)_10_Ti_2_Si_12_O_37_(H_2_O,O,OH)_17_	(Na,Sr)_3_(Fe^3+^,Mg)_10_Ti^4+^_2_Si_12_O_37_(H_2_O,O,OH)_17_	Na Sr Fe Mg Ti Si O H	IMA2005-031	5320		monoclinic	P2/n	Na Sr Fe^3+ Mg Ti^4+ Si O H	Cyh	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Hazel brown.	#a56639
910	Caryopilite	Caryopilite	Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4	Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4	Mn^2+^_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_	Mn^2+^_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_	Mn Si O H	IMA1967 s.p.	1345	Clay, Serpentine	monoclinic		Mn^2+ Si O H	Cpl	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Reddish brown, Yellow, Greenish brown, Orange brown.	#7f2b0a,#ffff00,#696112,#b16002
911	Cascandite	Cascandite	CaScSi3O8(OH)	CaScSi3O8(OH)	CaScSi_3_O_8_(OH)	CaScSi_3_O_8_(OH)	Ca Sc Si O H	IMA1980-011	1346	Pectolite	triclinic	P1, C1	Ca Sc Si O H	Cas	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks	No	Light pink.	#ffd1df
912	Caseyite	Caseyite	[(V5+O2)Al7.5(OH)15(H2O)13]2[H2V4+V5+9O28][V5+10O28]2·90H2O	[(V5+O2)Al7.5(OH)15(H2O)13]2[H2V4+V5+9O28][V5+10O28]2·90H2O	[(V^5+^O_2_)Al_7.5_(OH)_15_(H_2_O)_13_]_2_[H_2_V^4+^V^5+^_9_O_28_][V^5+^_10_O_28_]_2_·90H_2_O	[(V^5+^O_2_)Al_7.5_(OH)_15_(H_2_O)_13_]_2_[H_2_V^4+^V^5+^_9_O_28_][V^5+^_10_O_28_]_2_·90H_2_O	V O Al H	IMA2019-002	6893	Pascoite	monoclinic	P21/n	V^5+ O Al H V^4+	Csy	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Yellow	#ffff00
913	Cassagnaite	Cassagnaite	Ca4Fe3+4V3+2(OH)6O2(Si3O10)(SiO4)2	Ca4Fe3+4V3+2(OH)6O2(Si3O10)(SiO4)2	Ca_4_Fe^3+^_4_V^3+^_2_(OH)_6_O_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(SiO_4_)_2_	Ca_4_Fe^3+^_4_V^3+^_2_(OH)_6_O_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(SiO_4_)_2_	Ca Fe V O H Si	IMA2006-019a	5595	Ardennite	orthorhombic	Cmcm	Ca Fe^3+ V^3+ O H Si	Csg	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Golden brown.	#b27a01
914	Cassedanneite	Cassedanneite	Pb2+5(V5+O4)2(Cr6+O4)2·H2O	Pb5(VO4)2(CrO4)2·H2O	Pb_5_(VO_4_)_2_(CrO_4_)_2_·H_2_O	Pb^2+^_5_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(Cr^6+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O	Pb V O Cr H	IMA1984-063	1347		monoclinic		Pb^2+ V^5+ O Cr^6+ H	Cda	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Red orange.	#ff3f34
915	Cassidyite	Cassidyite	Ca2Ni2+(PO4)2·2H2O	Ca2Ni(PO4)2·2H2O	Ca_2_Ni(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Ca_2_Ni^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Ca Ni P O H	IMA1966-024	1348	Fairfieldite	triclinic	P1	Ca Ni^2+ P O H	Cdy	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Green, Light green.	#00ff00,#76ff7b
916	Cassiterite	Cassiterite	Sn4+O2	SnO2	SnO_2_	Sn^4+^O_2_	Sn O		1349	Rutile	tetragonal	P42/mnm	Sn^4+ O	Cst	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Brown, Brownish black, Colorless, Green, Gray.	#653700,#413936,#afafaf,#00ff00,#808080
917	Castellaroite	Castellaroite	Mn2+3(As5+O4)2·4.5H2O	Mn2+3(AsO4)2·4.5H2O	Mn^2+^_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·4.5H_2_O	Mn^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·4.5H_2_O	Mn As O H	IMA2015-071	6475	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/n	Mn^2+ As^5+ O H	Ctr	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	colorless	#afafaf
918	Caswellsilverite	Caswellsilverite	NaCr3+S2-2	NaCrS2	NaCrS_2_	NaCr^3+^S^2-^_2_	Na Cr S	IMA1981-012a	1350	Scacchite	hexagonal	R3m	Na Cr^3+ S^2-	Cws	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases	No	Yellow gray.	#c8fd3d
919	Catalanoite	Catalanoite	Na2HPO4·8H2O	Na2(HPO4)·8H2O	Na_2_(HPO_4_)·8H_2_O	Na_2_HPO_4_·8H_2_O	Na H P O	IMA2002-008	4977		orthorhombic	Ibca	Na H P O	Ct	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
920	Catamarcaite	Catamarcaite	Cu6GeWS8	Cu6GeWS8	Cu_6_GeWS_8_	Cu_6_GeWS_8_	Cu Ge W S	IMA2003-020	5233		hexagonal	P63mc	Cu Ge W S	Ctm	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray.	#808080
921	Catapleiite	Catapleiite	Na2Zr4+Si3O9·2H2O	Na2Zr(Si3O9)·2H2O	Na_2_Zr(Si_3_O_9_)·2H_2_O	Na_2_Zr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·2H_2_O	Na Zr Si O H		1351	Catapleiite	orthorhombic, monoclinic	Pbnn, B2/b	Na Zr^4+ Si O H	Ctp	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Blue, Brown, Colorless, Yellow, Yellow brown.	#0000ff,#653700,#afafaf,#ffff00,#ae8b0c
922	Cattierite	Cattierite	Co2+(S2)2-	CoS2	CoS_2_	Co^2+^(S_2_)^2-^	Co S		1352	Pyrite	cubic	Pa3	Co^2+ S	Cat	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits	No	Pink, Reddish white.	#ffc0cb,#fff8d5
923	Cattiite	Cattiite	Mg3(PO4)2·22H2O	Mg3(PO4)2·22H2O	Mg_3_(PO_4_)_2_·22H_2_O	Mg_3_(PO_4_)_2_·22H_2_O	Mg P O H	IMA2000-032	1353		triclinic	P1	Mg P O H	Ctt	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
924	Cavansite	Cavansite	CaV4+OSi4O10·4H2O	Ca(V4+O)(Si4O10)·4H2O	Ca(V^4+^O)(Si_4_O_10_)·4H_2_O	CaV^4+^OSi_4_O_10_·4H_2_O	Ca V O Si H	IMA1967-019	1354		orthorhombic	Pcmn, Pnma	Ca V^4+ O Si H	Cav	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	Greenish blue, Dark blue.	#0b8b87,#315b7d
925	Cavoite	Cavoite	CaV4+3O7	CaV3O7	CaV_3_O_7_	CaV^4+^_3_O_7_	Ca V O	IMA2001-024	1355		orthorhombic	Pnam	Ca V^4+ O	Cvo	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
926	Cayalsite-(Y)	Cayalsite-(Y)	CaY6Al2Si4O18F6	CaY6Al2Si4O18F6	CaY_6_Al_2_Si_4_O_18_F_6_	CaY_6_Al_2_Si_4_O_18_F_6_	Ca Y Al Si O F	IMA2011-094	6066	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic, monoclinic	Pban, P2/c	Ca Y Al Si O F	Cyl-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Colourless to faintly pink	#afafaf,#f6e4e4
927	Caysichite-(Y)	Caysichite-(Y)	(Ca,Yb,Er)4Y4Si8O20(CO3)6(OH)·7H2O	(Ca,Yb,Er)4Y4(Si8O20)(CO3)6(OH)·7H2O	(Ca,Yb,Er)_4_Y_4_(Si_8_O_20_)(CO_3_)_6_(OH)·7H_2_O	(Ca,Yb,Er)_4_Y_4_Si_8_O_20_(CO_3_)_6_(OH)·7H_2_O	Ca Yb Er Y Si O C H	IMA1973-044, IMA1987 s.p.	1356		orthorhombic	Ccm21	Ca Yb Er Y Si O C H	Cay-Y	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, Green, Greenish yellow, White, Light yellow.	#afafaf,#00ff00,#cdfd02,#ffffff,#fffe7a
928	Cebaite-(Ce)	Cebaite-(Ce)	Ba3Ce3+2(CO3)5F2	Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2	Ba_3_Ce_2_(CO_3_)_5_F_2_	Ba_3_Ce^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_5_F_2_	Ba Ce C O F	IMA1987 s.p.	1357		monoclinic	C2/m	Ba Ce^3+ C O F	Ceb-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Gray white, Orange.	#d7d5cb,#ffa500
929	Cebollite	Cebollite	Ca5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4	Ca5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4	Ca_5_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_	Ca_5_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_	Ca Al Si O H		1358	Melilite			Ca Al Si O H	Cbl	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, Greenish gray, White, Light brown.	#afafaf,#96ae8d,#ffffff,#b5651d
930	Čechite	Cechite	Pb2+Fe2+V5+O4(OH)	PbFe2+(VO4)(OH)	PbFe^2+^(VO_4_)(OH)	Pb^2+^Fe^2+^V^5+^O_4_(OH)	Pb Fe V O H	IMA1980-068	1359	Descloizite	orthorhombic	Pnam	Pb^2+ Fe^2+ V^5+ O H	Čec	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Black	#000000
931	Čejkaite	Cejkaite	Na4U6+O2(CO3)3	Na4(UO2)(CO3)3	Na_4_(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_	Na_4_U^6+^O_2_(CO_3_)_3_	Na U O C	IMA1999-045	1360		triclinic, hexagonal, monoclinic	P1, P3c1, Cc	Na U^6+ O C	Čej	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	pale yellow to beige	#eecf9e,#e6daa6
932	Celadonite	Celadonite	KMgFe3+Si4O10(OH)2	KMgFe3+Si4O10(OH)2	KMgFe^3+^Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_	KMgFe^3+^Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_	K Mg Fe Si O H	IMA1998 s.p.	1361	Mica, Clay	monoclinic	C2/m, C2	K Mg Fe^3+ Si O H	Cel	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Gray green, Bluish green.	#86a17d,#10a674
933	Celestine	Celestine	SrS6+O4	Sr(SO4)	Sr(SO_4_)	SrS^6+^O_4_	Sr S O	IMA1967 s.p.	1362	Baryte	orthorhombic	Pbnm, Pnma	Sr S^6+ O	Clt	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization	No	Blue, Brown, Colorless, Green, Gray.	#0000ff,#653700,#afafaf,#00ff00,#808080
934	Celleriite	Celleriite	☐(Mn2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)	☐(Mn2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)	[box](Mn^2+^_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)	[box](Mn^2+^_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)	Mn Al Si O B H	IMA2019-089	6975	Tourmaline	hexagonal	R3m	Mn^2+ Al Si O B H	Cll	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Violet to gray-blue, dark brownish-green	#9a0eea,#77a1b5,#1b2431
935	Celsian	Celsian	BaAl2Si2O8	Ba(Al2Si2O8)	Ba(Al_2_Si_2_O_8_)	BaAl_2_Si_2_O_8_	Ba Al Si O		1363	Feldspar	monoclinic	I2/c	Ba Al Si O	Cls	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals	No	Colorless, Yellow, White.	#afafaf,#ffff00,#ffffff
936	Centennialite	Centennialite	CaCu2+3Cl2(OH)6·nH2O (n ~ 0.7)	CaCu3Cl2(OH)6·nH2O (n ~ 0.7)	CaCu_3_Cl_2_(OH)_6_·nH_2_O (n ~ 0.7)	CaCu^2+^_3_Cl_2_(OH)_6_·nH_2_O (n ~ 0.7)	Ca Cu Cl O H	IMA2013-110	6271	Atacamite	hexagonal	P3m1	Ca Cu^2+ Cl O H	Cte	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Pale to azure blue	#fff9d0,#4d91c6
937	Cerchiaraite-(Al)	Cerchiaraite-(Al)	Ba4Al4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]	Ba4Al4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]	Ba_4_Al_4_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_(OH)_4_Cl_2_[Si_2_O_3_(OH)_4_]	Ba_4_Al_4_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_(OH)_4_Cl_2_[Si_2_O_3_(OH)_4_]	Ba Al Si O H Cl	IMA2012-011	6070	Cerchiaraite	tetragonal	I4/mmm	Ba Al Si O H Cl	Ccr-Al	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	Blue to bluish-green	#0000ff,#10a674
938	Cerchiaraite-(Fe)	Cerchiaraite-(Fe)	Ba4Fe3+4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]	Ba4Fe3+4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]	Ba_4_Fe^3+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_(OH)_4_Cl_2_[Si_2_O_3_(OH)_4_]	Ba_4_Fe^3+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_(OH)_4_Cl_2_[Si_2_O_3_(OH)_4_]	Ba Fe Si O H Cl	IMA2012-012	6071	Cerchiaraite	tetragonal	I4/mmm	Ba Fe^3+ Si O H Cl	Ccr-Fe	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	tan to brown; blue to bluish-green	#d1b26f,#653700,#0000ff,#10a674
939	Cerchiaraite-(Mn)	Cerchiaraite-(Mn)	Ba4Mn3+4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]	Ba4Mn3+4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]	Ba_4_Mn^3+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_(OH)_4_Cl_2_[Si_2_O_3_(OH)_4_]	Ba_4_Mn^3+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_(OH)_4_Cl_2_[Si_2_O_3_(OH)_4_]	Ba Mn Si O H Cl	IMA1999-012	1364	Cerchiaraite	tetragonal	I4/mmm	Ba Mn^3+ Si O H Cl	Ccr-Mn	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	Deep green	#02590f
940	Cerianite-(Ce)	Cerianite-(Ce)	Ce4+O2	CeO2	CeO_2_	Ce^4+^O_2_	Ce O	IMA1987 s.p.	1365	Fluorite	cubic	Fm3m, Fm3m	Ce^4+ O	Cei-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Greenish yellow, Resin brown, Dark greenish brown.	#cdfd02,#935848,#033500
941	Cerite-(CeCa)	Cerite-(CeCa)	(Ce3+7Ca2)☐Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3	(Ce7Ca2)☐Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3	(Ce_7_Ca_2_)[box]Mg(SiO_4_)_3_(SiO_3_OH)_4_(OH)_3_	(Ce^3+^_7_Ca_2_)[box]Mg(SiO_4_)_3_(SiO_3_OH)_4_(OH)_3_	Ce Ca Mg Si O H	IMA1987 s.p., IMA2023 s.p.	1367	Cerite	hexagonal	R3c	Ce^3+ Ca Mg Si O H	Crt-Ce	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Pale pink to reddish pink	#efcddb,#fe2c54
942	Cerium	Cerium	Ce	Ce	Ce	Ce	Ce		5420		cubic, hexagonal	Fm3m, P63/mmc	Ce	Ce	Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals	Yes		#fdfdfe
943	Černýite	Cernyite	Cu1+2Cd2+Sn4+S2-4	Cu2CdSnS4	Cu_2_CdSnS_4_	Cu^1+^_2_Cd^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_4_	Cu Cd Sn S	IMA1976-057	1369	Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite	tetragonal	I42m	Cu^1+ Cd^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-	Čný	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits	No	Steel Grey	#43464b
944	Cerromojonite	Cerromojonite	Cu1+Pb2+Bi3+Se2-3	CuPbBiSe3	CuPbBiSe_3_	Cu^1+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^Se^2-^_3_	Cu Pb Bi Se	IMA2018-040	6781	Bournonite	orthorhombic	Pn21m	Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Se^2-	Cmj	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black	#000000
945	Ceruleite	Ceruleite	Cu2+Al4(As5+O4)2(OH)8(H2O)4	CuAl4(AsO4)2(OH)8(H2O)4	CuAl_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_(H_2_O)_4_	Cu^2+^Al_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_8_(H_2_O)_4_	Cu Al As O H	IMA2007 s.p.	1371		triclinic		Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O H	Cru	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue, Deep blue.	#0000ff,#040273
946	Cerussite	Cerussite	Pb2+CO3	Pb(CO3)	Pb(CO_3_)	Pb^2+^CO_3_	Pb C O		1372	Aragonite	orthorhombic	Pmcn	Pb^2+ C O	Cer	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes	No	Colorless, White, Gray, Blue, Green.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#808080,#0000ff,#00ff00
947	Cervandonite-(Ce)	Cervandonite-(Ce)	(Ce3+,Nd,La3+)(Fe3+,Ti4+,Fe2+,Al)3O2(Si2O7)0.8(As3+O3)1.2(OH)0.6	(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,Al)3O2(Si2O7)1-x+y(AsO3)1+x-y(OH)3x-3y	(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe^3+^,Ti,Fe^2+^,Al)_3_O_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_1-x+y_(AsO_3_)_1+x-y_(OH)_3x-3y_	(Ce^3+^,Nd,La^3+^)(Fe^3+^,Ti^4+^,Fe^2+^,Al)_3_O_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_0.8_(As^3+^O_3_)_1.2_(OH)_0.6_	Ce Nd La Fe Ti Al O Si As H	IMA1986-044	1373		hexagonal	R3m	Ce^3+ Nd La^3+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Fe^2+ Al O Si As^3+ H	Cvd-Ce	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations	No	Black.	#000000
948	Cervantite	Cervantite	Sb3+Sb5+O4	Sb3+Sb5+O4	Sb^3+^Sb^5+^O_4_	Sb^3+^Sb^5+^O_4_	Sb O	IMA1962 s.p.	1374		orthorhombic	Pna21, Pbn21	Sb^3+ Sb^5+ O	Cvn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow, Yellowish orange, White, Cream.	#ffff00,#ffab0f,#ffffff,#ffffc2
949	Cervelleite	Cervelleite	Ag4TeS	Ag4TeS	Ag_4_TeS	Ag_4_TeS	Ag Te S	IMA1986-018	1375		cubic		Ag Te S	Cvl	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray, Black.	#808080,#000000
950	Cesanite	Cesanite	Ca2Na3(S6+O4)3OH	Ca2Na3(SO4)3OH	Ca_2_Na_3_(SO_4_)_3_OH	Ca_2_Na_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_OH	Ca Na S O H	IMA1980-023	1376	Apatite	hexagonal	P6, P63/m	Ca Na S^6+ O H	Csa	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
951	Césarferreiraite	Cesarferreiraite	Fe2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2·8H2O	Fe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·8H2O	Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O	Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O	Fe As O H	IMA2012-099	6162	Laueite	triclinic	P1	Fe^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H	Céf	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations	No	Pale to yellowish green	#fff9d0,#b0dd16
952	Cesàrolite	Cesarolite	Pb2+Mn4+3O6(OH)2	PbMn4+3O6(OH)2	PbMn^4+^_3_O_6_(OH)_2_	Pb^2+^Mn^4+^_3_O_6_(OH)_2_	Pb Mn O H		1377				Pb^2+ Mn^4+ O H	Csà	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Steel-grey	#43464b
953	Cesbronite	Cesbronite	Cu2+3Te6+O4(OH)4	Cu3Te6+O4(OH)4	Cu_3_Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_	Cu^2+^_3_Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_	Cu Te O H	IMA1974-006	1378		orthorhombic	Pbcn	Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H	Ces	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Green.	#00ff00
954	Cesiodymite	Cesiodymite	CsKCu2+5O(S6+O4)5	CsKCu5O(SO4)5	CsKCu_5_O(SO_4_)_5_	CsKCu^2+^_5_O(S^6+^O_4_)_5_	Cs K Cu O S	IMA2016-002	6531	Cryptochalcite	triclinic	P1	Cs K Cu^2+ O S^6+	Ced	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Light green to green	#76ff7b,#00ff00
955	Cesiokenopyrochlore	Cesiokenopyrochlore	☐Nb5+2(O,OH)6Cs1-x	☐Nb2(O,OH)6Cs1-x	[box]Nb_2_(O,OH)_6_Cs_1-x_	[box]Nb^5+^_2_(O,OH)_6_Cs_1-x_	Nb O H Cs	IMA2016-104	6631	Pyrochlore-Pyrochlore	cubic	Fd3m	Nb^5+ O H Cs	Ckpcl	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Light brown	#b5651d
956	Cesplumtantite	Cesplumtantite	Cs2Pb2+3Ta5+8O24	Cs2Pb3Ta8O24	Cs_2_Pb_3_Ta_8_O_24_	Cs_2_Pb^2+^_3_Ta^5+^_8_O_24_	Cs Pb Ta O	IMA1985-040	1381		tetragonal		Cs Pb^2+ Ta^5+ O	Cptan	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
957	Cetineite	Cetineite	NaK5Sb3+14S2-6O18·6H2O	NaK5Sb14S6O18(H2O)6	NaK_5_Sb_14_S_6_O_18_(H_2_O)_6_	NaK_5_Sb^3+^_14_S^2-^_6_O_18_·6H_2_O	Na K Sb S O H	IMA1986-019	1383	Cetineite	hexagonal	P63	Na K Sb^3+ S^2- O H	Cet	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Yellow orange, Orange red.	#fcb001,#fe4401
958	Chabazite-Ca	Chabazite-Ca	Ca2Al4Si8O24·13H2O	Ca2[Al4Si8O24]·13H2O	Ca_2_[Al_4_Si_8_O_24_]·13H_2_O	Ca_2_Al_4_Si_8_O_24_·13H_2_O	Ca Al Si O H	IMA1997 s.p.	1384	Chabazite	hexagonal, triclinic	R3, R3m, P1	Ca Al Si O H	Cbz-Ca	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Colorless, Green, Yellow, White, Pink.	#afafaf,#00ff00,#ffff00,#ffffff,#ffc0cb
959	Chabazite-K	Chabazite-K	(K2NaCa0.5)Al4Si8O24·11H2O	(K2NaCa0.5)[Al4Si8O24]·11H2O	(K_2_NaCa_0.5_)[Al_4_Si_8_O_24_]·11H_2_O	(K_2_NaCa_0.5_)Al_4_Si_8_O_24_·11H_2_O	K Na Ca Al Si O H	IMA1997 s.p.	1385	Chabazite	hexagonal	R3, R3m	K Na Ca Al Si O H	Cbz-K	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Colorless, White, Yellowish, Pinkish, Reddish white.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#faee66,#d46a7e,#fff8d5
960	Chabazite-Mg	Chabazite-Mg	(Mg0.7K0.5Ca0.5Na0.1)Al3Si9O24·10H2O	(Mg0.7K0.5Ca0.5Na0.1)[Al3Si9O24]·10H2O	(Mg_0.7_K_0.5_Ca_0.5_Na_0.1_)[Al_3_Si_9_O_24_]·10H_2_O	(Mg_0.7_K_0.5_Ca_0.5_Na_0.1_)Al_3_Si_9_O_24_·10H_2_O	Mg K Ca Na Al Si O H	IMA2009-060	5789	Chabazite	hexagonal	R3, R3m	Mg K Ca Na Al Si O H	Cbz-Mg	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Colourless	#afafaf
961	Chabazite-Na	Chabazite-Na	(Na3K)Al4Si8O24·11H2O	(Na3K)[Al4Si8O24]·11H2O	(Na_3_K)[Al_4_Si_8_O_24_]·11H_2_O	(Na_3_K)Al_4_Si_8_O_24_·11H_2_O	Na K Al Si O H	IMA1997 s.p.	1386	Chabazite	hexagonal, triclinic	R3, R3m, P1	Na K Al Si O H	Cbz-Na	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Colorless, White, Yellowish, Pinkish, Reddish white.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#faee66,#d46a7e,#fff8d5
962	Chabazite-Sr	Chabazite-Sr	(Sr,Ca)2Al4Si8O24·11H2O	(Sr,Ca)2[Al4Si8O24]·11H2O	(Sr,Ca)_2_[Al_4_Si_8_O_24_]·11H_2_O	(Sr,Ca)_2_Al_4_Si_8_O_24_·11H_2_O	Sr Ca Al Si O H	IMA1999-040	1387	Chabazite	hexagonal	R3, R3m	Sr Ca Al Si O H	Cbz-Sr	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless, Yellowish white.	#afafaf,#e9f1d0
963	Chabournéite	Chabourneite	Ag1+zTl1+8-x-zPb2+4+2xSb3+40-x-yAs3+yS2-68 (with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.40, 16.15 ≤ y ≤ 19.11, 0.04 ≤ z ≤ 0.11)	AgzTl8-x-zPb4+2xSb40-x-yAsyS68 (with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.40, 16.15 ≤ y ≤ 19.11, 0.04 ≤ z ≤ 0.11)	Ag_z_Tl_8-x-z_Pb_4+2x_Sb_40-x-y_As_y_S_68_ (with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.40, 16.15 ≤ y ≤ 19.11, 0.04 ≤ z ≤ 0.11)	Ag^1+^_z_Tl^1+^_8-x-z_Pb^2+^_4+2x_Sb^3+^_40-x-y_As^3+^_y_S^2-^_68_ (with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.40, 16.15 ≤ y ≤ 19.11, 0.04 ≤ z ≤ 0.11)	Ag Tl Pb Sb As S	IMA1976-042, IMA2021 s.p.	1388	Chabournéite	triclinic	P1	Ag^1+ Tl^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-	Chb	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black	#000000
964	Chadwickite	Chadwickite	U6+O2HAs3+O3	(UO2)(HAsO3)	(UO_2_)(HAsO_3_)	U^6+^O_2_HAs^3+^O_3_	U O H As	IMA1997-005	1389		tetragonal		U^6+ O H As^3+	Cdw	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
965	Chaidamuite	Chaidamuite	Zn2+Fe3+(S6+O4)2(OH)·4H2O	ZnFe3+(SO4)2(OH)·4H2O	ZnFe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O	Zn^2+^Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O	Zn Fe S O H	IMA1985-011	1390		monoclinic, triclinic	P1	Zn^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Cdm	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown, Yellowish brown.	#653700,#9b7a01
966	Chalcanthite	Chalcanthite	Cu2+S6+O4·5H2O	Cu(SO4)·5H2O	Cu(SO_4_)·5H_2_O	Cu^2+^S^6+^O_4_·5H_2_O	Cu S O H		1391	Chalcanthite	triclinic	P1	Cu^2+ S^6+ O H	Cct	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Green, Green blue, Light blue, Dark blue.	#00ff00,#42b395,#add8e6,#315b7d
967	Chalcoalumite	Chalcoalumite	Cu2+Al4S6+O4(OH)12·3H2O	CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12·3H2O	CuAl_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_12_·3H_2_O	Cu^2+^Al_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_12_·3H_2_O	Cu Al S O H		1392	Chalcoalumite	monoclinic	P21, P21/n	Cu^2+ Al S^6+ O H	Cca	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue, Blue gray, Greenish blue, Light blue green.	#0000ff,#758da3,#0b8b87,#add8e6
968	Chalcocite	Chalcocite	Cu1+2S2-	Cu2S	Cu_2_S	Cu^1+^_2_S^2-^	Cu S		1393		monoclinic, cubic	P21/c, Fm3m	Cu^1+ S^2-	Cc	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Blue black, Gray, Black, Black gray, Steel gray.	#24313d,#808080,#000000,#24272e,#43464b
969	Chalcocyanite	Chalcocyanite	Cu2+S6+O4	Cu(SO4)	Cu(SO_4_)	Cu^2+^S^6+^O_4_	Cu S O		1394	Zinkosite	orthorhombic	Pnma	Cu^2+ S^6+ O	Ccy	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Blue, Brown, Green, Yellow, Yellow brown.	#0000ff,#653700,#00ff00,#ffff00,#ae8b0c
970	Chalcomenite	Chalcomenite	Cu2+Se4+O3·2H2O	Cu(Se4+O3)·2H2O	Cu(Se^4+^O_3_)·2H_2_O	Cu^2+^Se^4+^O_3_·2H_2_O	Cu Se O H		1395	Chalcomenite	orthorhombic	P212121	Cu^2+ Se^4+ O H	Ccm	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Light blue.	#add8e6
971	Chalconatronite	Chalconatronite	Na2Cu2+(CO3)2·3H2O	Na2Cu(CO3)2·3H2O	Na_2_Cu(CO_3_)_2_·3H_2_O	Na_2_Cu^2+^(CO_3_)_2_·3H_2_O	Na Cu C O H		1396		monoclinic	P21/n	Na Cu^2+ C O H	Chna	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes	No	Greenish blue.	#0b8b87
972	Chalcophanite	Chalcophanite	Zn2+Mn4+3O7·3H2O	ZnMn4+3O7·3H2O	ZnMn^4+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O	Zn^2+^Mn^4+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O	Zn Mn O H		1397		hexagonal	R3	Zn^2+ Mn^4+ O H	Cph	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue, Bluish black, Black.	#0000ff,#413f44,#000000
973	Chalcophyllite	Chalcophyllite	Cu2+18Al2(As5+O4)4(S6+O4)3(OH)24·36H2O	Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24·36H2O	Cu_18_Al_2_(AsO_4_)_4_(SO_4_)_3_(OH)_24_·36H_2_O	Cu^2+^_18_Al_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_24_·36H_2_O	Cu Al As O S H		1398	Chalcophyllite	hexagonal	R3	Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O S^6+ H	Chp	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Emerald green, Bluish green, Grass green.	#046307,#10a674,#419c03
974	Chalcopyrite	Chalcopyrite	Cu1+Fe3+S2-2	CuFeS2	CuFeS_2_	Cu^1+^Fe^3+^S^2-^_2_	Cu Fe S		1399	Chalcopyrite	tetragonal, cubic	I42d, F43m	Cu^1+ Fe^3+ S^2-	Ccp	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Brass yellow, Honey yellow.	#b58735,#ca9456
975	Chalcosiderite	Chalcosiderite	Cu2+Fe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O	CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O	CuFe^3+^_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O	Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O	Cu Fe P O H		1400	Turquoise	triclinic	P1	Cu^2+ Fe^3+ P O H	Csd	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Apple green, Dark green.	#69b076,#033500
976	Chalcostibite	Chalcostibite	Cu1+Sb3+S2-2	CuSbS2	CuSbS_2_	Cu^1+^Sb^3+^S^2-^_2_	Cu Sb S		1401	Chalcostibite	orthorhombic	Pnma	Cu^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Ccsb	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead gray, Blue gray, Dark gray.	#8a7963,#758da3,#363737
977	Chalcothallite	Chalcothallite	(Tl1+,K)2(Cu1+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Ag1+)6.3Sb3-S2-4	(Cu,Fe,Ag)6.3(Tl,K)2SbS4	(Cu,Fe,Ag)_6.3_(Tl,K)_2_SbS_4_	(Tl^1+^,K)_2_(Cu^1+^,Cu^2+^,Fe^2+^,Ag^1+^)_6.3_Sb^3-^S^2-^_4_	Cu Fe Ag Tl K Sb S	IMA1966-008	1402	Bukovite	tetragonal	I4/mmm	Tl^1+ K Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Fe^2+ Ag^1+ Sb^3- S^2-	Ccth	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead gray, Black.	#8a7963,#000000
978	Challacolloite	Challacolloite	KPb2+2Cl5	KPb2Cl5	KPb_2_Cl_5_	KPb^2+^_2_Cl_5_	K Pb Cl	IMA2004-028	5284		monoclinic	P21/c	K Pb^2+ Cl	Chc	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
979	Chambersite	Chambersite	Mn2+3B7O13Cl	Mn3B7O13Cl	Mn_3_B_7_O_13_Cl	Mn^2+^_3_B_7_O_13_Cl	Mn B O Cl	IMA1967 s.p.	1403	Boracite	orthorhombic	Pca21	Mn^2+ B O Cl	Cbs	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless, Purple red.	#afafaf,#990147
980	Chaméanite	Chameanite	(Cu,Fe)4As(Se,S)4	(Cu,Fe)4As(Se,S)4	(Cu,Fe)_4_As(Se,S)_4_	(Cu,Fe)_4_As(Se,S)_4_	Cu Fe As Se S	IMA1980-088	1404		cubic		Cu Fe As Se S	Céa	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Grey	#808080
981	Chamosite	Chamosite	(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8	(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8	(Fe^2+^,Mg,Al,Fe^3+^)_6_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH,O)_8_	(Fe^2+^,Mg,Al,Fe^3+^)_6_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH,O)_8_	Fe Mg Al Si O H		1405	Chlorite, Clay	monoclinic, triclinic	C1	Fe^2+ Mg Al Fe^3+ Si O H	Chm	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Gray, Greenish gray, Brown, Blackish green.	#808080,#96ae8d,#653700,#5d6161
982	Chanabayaite	Chanabayaite	Cu2+2Cl(N3C2H2)1-2(N3-H3,Cl,H2O,☐)4	Cu2Cl(N3C2H2)2(NH3,Cl,H2O,☐)4	Cu_2_Cl(N_3_C_2_H_2_)_2_(NH_3_,Cl,H_2_O,[box])_4_	Cu^2+^_2_Cl(N_3_C_2_H_2_)^1-^_2_(N^3-^H_3_,Cl,H_2_O,[box])_4_	Cu Cl N C H O	IMA2013-065	6225	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Imma	Cu^2+ Cl N C H N^3- O	Cba	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals	No	Blue	#0000ff
983	Changbaiite	Changbaiite	Pb2+Nb5+2O6	PbNb2O6	PbNb_2_O_6_	Pb^2+^Nb^5+^_2_O_6_	Pb Nb O		1406		hexagonal	R3m	Pb^2+ Nb^5+ O	Chg	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration	No	Colorless, Cream white, Pale brown, Yellow brown, Pale yellow green.	#afafaf,#f2eee2,#b1916e,#ae8b0c,#eecf9e
984	Changchengite	Changchengite	Ir3+(BiS)3-	IrBiS	IrBiS	Ir^3+^(BiS)^3-^	Ir Bi S	IMA1995-047	1407	Ullmannite	cubic	P213	Ir^3+ Bi S	Ccg	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray, Black.	#808080,#000000
985	Changesite-(Y)	Changesite-(Y)	(Ca8Y)☐Fe2+(PO4)7	(Ca8Y)☐Fe2+(PO4)7	(Ca_8_Y)[box]Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_7_	(Ca_8_Y)[box]Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_7_	Ca Y Fe P O	IMA2022-023a	7262	Cerite	hexagonal	R3c	Ca Y Fe^2+ P O	Cgs-Y		No		#fdfdfe
986	Changoite	Changoite	Na2Zn2+(S6+O4)2·4H2O	Na2Zn(SO4)2·4H2O	Na_2_Zn(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Na_2_Zn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Na Zn S O H	IMA1997-041	1408	Blödite	monoclinic	P21/a	Na Zn^2+ S^6+ O H	Cgo	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
987	Chantalite	Chantalite	CaAl2SiO4(OH)4	CaAl2(SiO4)(OH)4	CaAl_2_(SiO_4_)(OH)_4_	CaAl_2_SiO_4_(OH)_4_	Ca Al Si O H	IMA1977-001	1409		tetragonal	I41/a	Ca Al Si O H	Cht	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
988	Chaoite	Chaoite	C	C	C	C	C	IMA1968-019	1410		hexagonal	P6/mmm	C	Ch	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals	Yes	Dark gray.	#363737
989	Chapmanite	Chapmanite	Fe3+2Sb3+(Si2O5)O3(OH)	Fe3+2Sb3+(Si2O5)O3(OH)	Fe^3+^_2_Sb^3+^(Si_2_O_5_)O_3_(OH)	Fe^3+^_2_Sb^3+^(Si_2_O_5_)O_3_(OH)	Fe Sb Si O H	IMA1968 s.p.	1411		monoclinic	Cm	Fe^3+ Sb^3+ Si O H	Cpm	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Yellowish green, Yellow, Olive green.	#b0dd16,#ffff00,#8ead2c
990	Charleshatchettite	Charleshatchettite	CaNb5+4O10(OH)2·8H2O	CaNb4O10(OH)2·8H2O	CaNb_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O	CaNb^5+^_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O	Ca Nb O H	IMA2015-048	6460		monoclinic	C2/c	Ca Nb^5+ O H	Chh	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White	#ffffff
991	Charlesite	Charlesite	Ca6Al2(S6+O4)2B(OH)4(OH,O)12·26H2O	Ca6Al2(SO4)2B(OH)4(OH,O)12·26H2O	Ca_6_Al_2_(SO_4_)_2_B(OH)_4_(OH,O)_12_·26H_2_O	Ca_6_Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_B(OH)_4_(OH,O)_12_·26H_2_O	Ca Al S O B H	IMA1981-043	1412	Ettringite	hexagonal	P31c	Ca Al S^6+ O B H	Chrl	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Colorless, Light yellow, Pink.	#afafaf,#fffe7a,#ffc0cb
992	Charmarite	Charmarite	Mn2+4Al2(OH)12CO3·3H2O	Mn4Al2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O	Mn_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O	Mn^2+^_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_CO_3_·3H_2_O	Mn Al O H C	IMA1992-026	1413	Hydrotalcite	hexagonal	P6322, P3112, P3	Mn^2+ Al O H C	Char	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No		#fdfdfe
993	Charoite	Charoite	(K,Sr,Ba,Mn2+)15-16(Ca,Na)32Si70(O,OH)180(OH,F)4·nH2O	(K,Sr,Ba,Mn)15-16(Ca,Na)32[Si70(O,OH)180](OH,F)4·nH2O	(K,Sr,Ba,Mn)_15-16_(Ca,Na)_32_[Si_70_(O,OH)_180_](OH,F)_4_·nH_2_O	(K,Sr,Ba,Mn^2+^)_15-16_(Ca,Na)_32_Si_70_(O,OH)_180_(OH,F)_4_·nH_2_O	K Sr Ba Mn Ca Na Si O H F	IMA1977-019	1415		monoclinic	P21/m	K Sr Ba Mn^2+ Ca Na Si O H F	Cha	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Violet, Lilac, Light brown.	#9a0eea,#cea2fd,#b5651d
994	Chatkalite	Chatkalite	Cu1+6Fe2+Sn4+2S2-8	Cu6FeSn2S8	Cu_6_FeSn_2_S_8_	Cu^1+^_6_Fe^2+^Sn^4+^_2_S^2-^_8_	Cu Fe Sn S	IMA1981-004	1416		tetragonal	P4m2	Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-	Ctk	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Rose, Brown orange.	#ff007f,#b96902
995	Chayesite	Chayesite	KMg4Fe3+[Si12O30]	KMg4Fe3+[Si12O30]	KMg_4_Fe^3+^[Si_12_O_30_]	KMg_4_Fe^3+^[Si_12_O_30_]	K Mg Fe Si O	IMA1987-059	1417	Milarite	hexagonal	P6/mcc	K Mg Fe^3+ Si O	Cys	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Dark blue.	#315b7d
996	Chegemite	Chegemite	Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2	Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2	Ca_7_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_	Ca_7_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_	Ca Si O H	IMA2008-038	5698	Humite	orthorhombic	Pbnm	Ca Si O H	Cgm	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Pink, yellow-pink to white.	#ffc0cb,#ccaa4d,#ffffff
997	Chekhovichite	Chekhovichite	Bi3+2Te4+4O11	Bi3+2Te4+4O11	Bi^3+^_2_Te^4+^_4_O_11_	Bi^3+^_2_Te^4+^_4_O_11_	Bi Te O	IMA1986-039	1418		monoclinic	P21/n	Bi^3+ Te^4+ O	Ckh	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Gray green, Gray white.	#86a17d,#d7d5cb
998	Chelkarite	Chelkarite	CaMgB2O4Cl2·7H2O	CaMgB2O4Cl2·7H2O (?)	CaMgB_2_O_4_Cl_2_·7H_2_O (?)	CaMgB_2_O_4_Cl_2_·7H_2_O	Ca Mg B O Cl H		5079		orthorhombic	Pbca	Ca Mg B O Cl H	Cka	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
999	Chenevixite	Chenevixite	Cu2+Fe3+(As5+O4)(OH)2	CuFe3+(AsO4)(OH)2	CuFe^3+^(AsO_4_)(OH)_2_	Cu^2+^Fe^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_2_	Cu Fe As O H		1419	Chenevixite	monoclinic	B21	Cu^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H	Cvx	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow green, Dark green, Olive green.	#c8fd3d,#033500,#8ead2c
1000	Chengdeite	Chengdeite	Ir3Fe	Ir3Fe	Ir_3_Fe	Ir_3_Fe	Ir Fe	IMA1994-023	1420	Auricupride, Perovskite	cubic	Pm3m	Ir Fe	Cgd	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations	No	Steel black.	#464d4a
1001	Chenguodaite	Chenguodaite	Ag9FeTe2S4	Ag9FeTe2S4	Ag_9_FeTe_2_S_4_	Ag_9_FeTe_2_S_4_	Ag Fe Te S	IMA2004-042a	5606		orthorhombic		Ag Fe Te S	Cgu	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	None.	#e0d7c6
1002	Chenite	Chenite	Cu2+Pb2+4(S6+O4)2(OH)6	CuPb4(SO4)2(OH)6	CuPb_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	Cu^2+^Pb^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_	Cu Pb S O H	IMA1983-069	1421	Chenite	triclinic	P1	Cu^2+ Pb^2+ S^6+ O H	Che	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Sky blue.	#9fb9e2
1003	Chenmingite	Chenmingite	Fe2+Cr3+2O4	FeCr2O4	FeCr_2_O_4_	Fe^2+^Cr^3+^_2_O_4_	Fe Cr O	IMA2017-036	6673	Spinel-Post-spinel	orthorhombic	Pnma	Fe^2+ Cr^3+ O	Cnm	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No		#fdfdfe
1004	Chenowethite	Chenowethite	Mg(H2O)6[(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)2(OH)2]·5H2O	Mg(H2O)6[(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2]·5H2O	Mg(H_2_O)_6_[(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_]·5H_2_O	Mg(H_2_O)_6_[(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_]·5H_2_O	Mg H O U S	IMA2022-063	7285		orthorhombic	Cmcm	Mg H O U^6+ S^6+	Chw		No	pale green yellow	#69b076
1005	Chenzhangruite	Chenzhangruite	Mn2+Fe2+Te4+4O10	MnFe2+Te4+4O10	MnFe^2+^Te^4+^_4_O_10_	Mn^2+^Fe^2+^Te^4+^_4_O_10_	Mn Fe Te O	IMA2024-094	7561	Denningite	tetragonal	P42/nbc	Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Te^4+ O	Czr		No		#fdfdfe
1006	Cheralite	Cheralite	CaTh4+(PO4)2	CaTh(PO4)2	CaTh(PO_4_)_2_	CaTh^4+^(PO_4_)_2_	Ca Th P O	IMA2005 s.p.	1422	Monazite	monoclinic	P21/n	Ca Th^4+ P O	Cher	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Grayish brown to reddish brown (on rims), pale yellow, brownish green ("brabantite" material)	#7a6a4f,#7f2b0a,#eecf9e,#6a6e09
1007	Cheremnykhite	Cheremnykhite	Pb2+3Zn2+3Te6+O6(V5+O4)2	Pb3Zn3(TeO6)(VO4)2	Pb_3_Zn_3_(TeO_6_)(VO_4_)_2_	Pb^2+^_3_Zn^2+^_3_Te^6+^O_6_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_	Pb Zn Te O V	IMA1989-017	1423		orthorhombic		Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Te^6+ O V^5+	Cny	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Greenish yellow.	#cdfd02
1008	Cherepanovite	Cherepanovite	RhAs	RhAs	RhAs	RhAs	Rh As	IMA1984-041	1424	Modderite	orthorhombic	Pnma	Rh As	Cpv	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations	No	Grayish black, Black.	#555152,#000000
1009	Chernikovite	Chernikovite	(H3O)(U6+O2)(PO4)·3H2O	(H3O)(UO2)(PO4)·3H2O	(H_3_O)(UO_2_)(PO_4_)·3H_2_O	(H_3_O)(U^6+^O_2_)(PO_4_)·3H_2_O	H O U P	IMA1988 s.p.	1425	Natroautunite	tetragonal	P4/nmm, P4/ncc	H O U^6+ P	Ckv	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Light yellow.	#fffe7a
1010	Chernovite-(Y)	Chernovite-(Y)	YAs5+O4	Y(AsO4)	Y(AsO_4_)	YAs^5+^O_4_	Y As O	IMA1967-027, IMA1987 s.p.	1426	Zircon	tetragonal	I41/amd	Y As^5+ O	Chv-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brown, Colorless, Light yellow.	#653700,#afafaf,#fffe7a
1011	Chernykhite	Chernykhite	BaV3+2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2	BaV2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2	BaV_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_	BaV^3+^_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_	Ba V Si Al O H	IMA1972-006	1427	Mica, Clay	monoclinic		Ba V^3+ Si Al O H	Cyk	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Dark green, Olive green.	#033500,#8ead2c
1012	Cherokeeite	Cherokeeite	[Pb2+2Zn2+(OH)4](S6+O4)·H2O	[Pb2Zn(OH)4](SO4)·H2O	[Pb_2_Zn(OH)_4_](SO_4_)·H_2_O	[Pb^2+^_2_Zn^2+^(OH)_4_](S^6+^O_4_)·H_2_O	Pb Zn O H S	IMA2022-016	7244	Cherokeeite	monoclinic	P21/n	Pb^2+ Zn^2+ O H S^6+	Chrk	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	colourless to pale pink	#afafaf,#efcddb
1013	Chervetite	Chervetite	Pb2+2V5+2O7	Pb2V5+2O7	Pb_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_	Pb^2+^_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_	Pb V O	IMA1967 s.p.	1428		monoclinic	P21/a	Pb^2+ V^5+ O	Crv	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown, Colorless, Gray.	#653700,#afafaf,#808080
1014	Chesnokovite	Chesnokovite	Na2SiO2(OH)2·8H2O	Na2SiO2(OH)2·8H2O	Na_2_SiO_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O	Na_2_SiO_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O	Na Si O H	IMA2006-007	5358		orthorhombic	Ibca	Na Si O H	Ck	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration	No	Colorless, White, Pale brownish yellow.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#b1916e
1015	Chessexite	Chessexite	Na4Ca2Mg3Al8(SiO4)2(S6+O4)10(OH)10·40H2O	Na4Ca2Mg3Al8(SiO4)2(SO4)10(OH)10·40H2O	Na_4_Ca_2_Mg_3_Al_8_(SiO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)_10_(OH)_10_·40H_2_O	Na_4_Ca_2_Mg_3_Al_8_(SiO_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_10_(OH)_10_·40H_2_O	Na Ca Mg Al Si O S H	IMA1981-054	1429		orthorhombic		Na Ca Mg Al Si O S^6+ H	Cex	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White.	#ffffff
1016	Chesterite	Chesterite	Mg17Si20O54(OH)6	Mg17Si20O54(OH)6	Mg_17_Si_20_O_54_(OH)_6_	Mg_17_Si_20_O_54_(OH)_6_	Mg Si O H	IMA1977-010	1430		orthorhombic	A21ma	Mg Si O H	Chs	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites	No	Colorless, Pink brown.	#afafaf,#67594c
1017	Chestermanite	Chestermanite	Mg2(Fe3+,Mg,Al,Sb5+)O2BO3	Mg2(Fe3+,Mg,Al,Sb5+)O2(BO3)	Mg_2_(Fe^3+^,Mg,Al,Sb^5+^)O_2_(BO_3_)	Mg_2_(Fe^3+^,Mg,Al,Sb^5+^)O_2_BO_3_	Mg Fe Al Sb O B	IMA1986-058	1431		orthorhombic	Pbam	Mg Fe^3+ Al Sb^5+ O B	Csm	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Gray green, Black, Black green.	#86a17d,#000000,#384e49
1018	Chevkinite-(Ce)	Chevkinite-(Ce)	Ce3+4(Ti4+,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2	Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2	Ce_4_(Ti,Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_5_O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_	Ce^3+^_4_(Ti^4+^,Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_5_O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_	Ce Ti Fe O Si	IMA1987 s.p.	1432	Chevkinite	monoclinic	C2/m	Ce^3+ Ti^4+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O Si	Cvk-Ce	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brownish black, Dark red.	#413936,#840000
1019	Chiappinoite-(Y)	Chiappinoite-(Y)	Y2Mn2+(Si3O7)4	Y2Mn(Si3O7)4	Y_2_Mn(Si_3_O_7_)_4_	Y_2_Mn^2+^(Si_3_O_7_)_4_	Y Mn Si O	IMA2014-040	6335	Not in a structural group	orthorhombic	Ibam	Y Mn^2+ Si O	Cap-Y	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colourless	#afafaf
1020	Chiavennite	Chiavennite	CaMn2+(BeOH)2Si5O13·2H2O	CaMn2+(BeOH)2Si5O13·2H2O	CaMn^2+^(BeOH)_2_Si_5_O_13_·2H_2_O	CaMn^2+^(BeOH)_2_Si_5_O_13_·2H_2_O	Ca Mn Be O H Si	IMA1981-038	1433		orthorhombic	Pnab	Ca Mn^2+ Be O H Si	Cve	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Yellow, Orange, Red orange.	#ffff00,#ffa500,#ff3f34
1021	Chibaite	Chibaite	SiO2·n(CH4,C2H6,C3H8,C4H10); (nmax = 3/17)	SiO2·n(CH4,C2H6,C3H8,C4H10) (nmax = 3/17)	SiO_2_·n(CH_4_,C_2_H_6_,C_3_H_8_,C_4_H_10_) (n_max_ = 3/17)	SiO_2_·n(CH_4_,C_2_H_6_,C_3_H_8_,C_4_H_10_); (n_max_ = 3/17)	Si O C H	IMA2008-067	5728		cubic, triclinic, tetragonal	Fd3, P1, I41/a	Si O C H	Cib	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals	No	Colorless	#afafaf
1022	Chihmingite	Chihmingite	Ni2+Al2O4	NiAl2O4	NiAl_2_O_4_	Ni^2+^Al_2_O_4_	Ni Al O	IMA2022-010	7234	Spinel	cubic	Fd3m, Fd3m	Ni^2+ Al O	Cim	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks	No		#fdfdfe
1023	Chihuahuaite	Chihuahuaite	Fe2+Al12O19	FeAl12O19	FeAl_12_O_19_	Fe^2+^Al_12_O_19_	Fe Al O	IMA2009-027, IMA2020 s.p.	5754	Magnetoplumbite	hexagonal	P63/mmc	Fe^2+ Al O	Cih	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No		#fdfdfe
1024	Childrenite	Childrenite	Fe2+AlPO4(OH)2·H2O	Fe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2O	Fe^2+^Al(PO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O	Fe^2+^AlPO_4_(OH)_2_·H_2_O	Fe Al P O H		1434	Childrenite	orthorhombic	Bba2, Bbam, Cmca	Fe^2+ Al P O H	Chd	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	White, Yellowish brown, Brownish black.	#ffffff,#9b7a01,#413936
1025	Chiluite	Chiluite	Bi3+3Te6+Mo6+O10.5	Bi3Te6+Mo6+O10.5	Bi_3_Te^6+^Mo^6+^O_10.5_	Bi^3+^_3_Te^6+^Mo^6+^O_10.5_	Bi Te Mo O	IMA1988-001	1435		hexagonal		Bi^3+ Te^6+ Mo^6+ O	Cil	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
1026	Chinchorroite	Chinchorroite	Na2Mg5(As5+2O7)2(As5+O3OH)2(H2O)10	Na2Mg5(As2O7)2(AsO3OH)2(H2O)10	Na_2_Mg_5_(As_2_O_7_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_10_	Na_2_Mg_5_(As^5+^_2_O_7_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_10_	Na Mg As O H	IMA2017-106	6732	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Na Mg As^5+ O H	Cch	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless	#afafaf
1027	Chinleite-(Ce)	Chinleite-(Ce)	NaCe3+(S6+O4)2(H2O)	NaCe(SO4)2(H2O)	NaCe(SO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)	NaCe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(H_2_O)	Na Ce S O H	IMA2024-009	7474	Rhabdophane	hexagonal	P3221	Na Ce^3+ S^6+ O H	Chi-Ce		No	colorless	#afafaf
1028	Chinleite-(Nd)	Chinleite-(Nd)	NaNd(S6+O4)2·H2O	NaNd(SO4)2·H2O	NaNd(SO_4_)_2_·H_2_O	NaNd(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O	Na Nd S O H	IMA2022-051	7271	Rhabdophane	hexagonal	P3221	Na Nd S^6+ O H	Chi-Nd		No	colorless	#afafaf
1029	Chinleite-(Y)	Chinleite-(Y)	NaY(S6+O4)2·H2O	NaY(SO4)2·H2O	NaY(SO_4_)_2_·H_2_O	NaY(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O	Na Y S O H	IMA2016-017	6545	Rhabdophane	hexagonal	P3221	Na Y S^6+ O H	Chi-Y	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colourless	#afafaf
1030	Chinnerite	Chinnerite	[Mg(H2O)6]Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2F6	[Mg(H2O)6]Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2F6	[Mg(H_2_O)_6_]Na(H_2_O)_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_F_6_	[Mg(H_2_O)_6_]Na(H_2_O)_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_F_6_	Mg H O Na Al P F	IMA2023-083	7423	Aldermanite	monoclinic	P2/m	Mg H O Na Al P F	Chin		No		#fdfdfe
1031	Chiolite	Chiolite	Na5Al3F14	Na5Al3F14	Na_5_Al_3_F_14_	Na_5_Al_3_F_14_	Na Al F		1436		tetragonal	P4/mnc	Na Al F	Cio	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Colorless, Snow white.	#afafaf,#eeffee
1032	Chirvinskyite	Chirvinskyite	(Na,Ca)13(Fe2+,Mn2+,☐)2Ti4+2(Zr4+,Ti4+)3(Si2O7)4(OH,O,F)12	(Na,Ca)13(Fe,Mn,☐)2Ti2(Zr,Ti)3(Si2O7)4(OH,O,F)12	(Na,Ca)_13_(Fe,Mn,[box])_2_Ti_2_(Zr,Ti)_3_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(OH,O,F)_12_	(Na,Ca)_13_(Fe^2+^,Mn^2+^,[box])_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Zr^4+^,Ti^4+^)_3_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(OH,O,F)_12_	Na Ca Fe Mn Ti Zr Si O H F	IMA2016-051	6579	Not in a structural group	triclinic	P1	Na Ca Fe^2+ Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Zr^4+ Si O H F	Cvs	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	cream	#ffffc2
1033	Chistyakovaite	Chistyakovaite	Al(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2F·6.5H2O	Al(UO2)2(AsO4)2F·6.5H2O	Al(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_F·6.5H_2_O	Al(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_F·6.5H_2_O	Al U O As F H	IMA2005-003	5213		monoclinic		Al U^6+ O As^5+ F H	Cak	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
1034	Chivruaiite	Chivruaiite	Ca4(Ti4+,Nb5+)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5·13-14H2O	Ca4(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5·13-14H2O	Ca_4_(Ti,Nb)_5_(Si_6_O_17_)_2_(OH,O)_5_·13-14H_2_O	Ca_4_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_5_(Si_6_O_17_)_2_(OH,O)_5_·13-14H_2_O	Ca Ti Nb Si O H	IMA2004-052	5301		orthorhombic	Cmmm	Ca Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H	Cvr	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Pale pink, Colorless.	#efcddb,#afafaf
1035	Chiyokoite	Chiyokoite	Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O(OH)5·12H2O	Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O(OH)5·12H2O	Ca_3_Si(CO_3_)[B(OH)_4_]O(OH)_5_·12H_2_O	Ca_3_Si(CO_3_)[B(OH)_4_]O(OH)_5_·12H_2_O	Ca Si C O B H	IMA2019-054	6958	Ettringite	hexagonal	P63	Ca Si C O B H	Cyo	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Pink to colorless	#ffc0cb,#afafaf
1036	Chkalovite	Chkalovite	Na2BeSi2O6	Na2BeSi2O6	Na_2_BeSi_2_O_6_	Na_2_BeSi_2_O_6_	Na Be Si O		1437	Cristobalite	orthorhombic	Fdd2, Fddd	Na Be Si O	Ckl	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
1037	Chladniite	Chladniite	Na3CaMg11(PO4)9	Na3CaMg11(PO4)9	Na_3_CaMg_11_(PO_4_)_9_	Na_3_CaMg_11_(PO_4_)_9_	Na Ca Mg P O	IMA1993-010	1438	Fillowite	hexagonal	R3	Na Ca Mg P O	Clad	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
1038	Chloraluminite	Chloraluminite	AlCl3·6H2O	AlCl3·6H2O	AlCl_3_·6H_2_O	AlCl_3_·6H_2_O	Al Cl H O		1439		hexagonal	R3c	Al Cl H O	Cla	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colorless, White, Yellowish white.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#e9f1d0
1039	Chlorapatite	Chlorapatite	Ca5(PO4)3Cl	Ca5(PO4)3Cl	Ca_5_(PO_4_)_3_Cl	Ca_5_(PO_4_)_3_Cl	Ca P O Cl	IMA2010 s.p.	1440	Apatite	monoclinic, hexagonal	P21/b, P63/m	Ca P O Cl	Clap	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	White	#ffffff
1040	Chlorargyrite	Chlorargyrite	Ag1+Cl	AgCl	AgCl	Ag^1+^Cl	Ag Cl	IMA1962 s.p.	1441	Rocksalt	cubic	Fm3m	Ag^1+ Cl	Cag	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Purplish gray, Green, White, Colorless.	#7a687f,#00ff00,#ffffff,#afafaf
1041	Chlorartinite	Chlorartinite	Mg2CO3Cl(OH)·2.5H2O	Mg2(CO3)Cl(OH)·2.5H2O	Mg_2_(CO_3_)Cl(OH)·2.5H_2_O	Mg_2_CO_3_Cl(OH)·2.5H_2_O	Mg C O Cl H	IMA1996-005	1442	Artinite	hexagonal	R3c	Mg C O Cl H	Cart	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	White.	#ffffff
1042	Chlorbartonite	Chlorbartonite	K6Fe24S26Cl	K6Fe24S26Cl	K_6_Fe_24_S_26_Cl	K_6_Fe_24_S_26_Cl	K Fe S Cl	IMA2000-048	1443	Djerfisherite	tetragonal	I4/mmm	K Fe S Cl	Cbtn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Brown, Black.	#653700,#000000
1043	Chlorellestadite	Chlorellestadite	Ca5(SiO4)1.5(S6+O4)1.5Cl	Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5Cl	Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_1.5_(SO_4_)_1.5_Cl	Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_1.5_(S^6+^O_4_)_1.5_Cl	Ca Si O S Cl	IMA2017-013	6654	Apatite	hexagonal	P63/m	Ca Si O S^6+ Cl	Clel	Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	White, tinged with blue or green	#ffffff,#5b984f,#00ff00
1044	Chloritoid	Chloritoid	Fe2+Al2OSiO4(OH)2	Fe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2	Fe^2+^Al_2_O(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_	Fe^2+^Al_2_OSiO_4_(OH)_2_	Fe Al O Si H		1445	Chloritoid	monoclinic, triclinic	C2/c, P1, C1	Fe^2+ Al O Si H	Cld	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Green gray, Green black, Grayish black, Dark green, Dark gray.	#7ea07a,#373a3a,#555152,#033500,#363737
1045	Chlorkyuygenite	Chlorkyuygenite	Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2]	Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2]	Ca_12_Al_14_O_32_[(H_2_O)_4_Cl_2_]	Ca_12_Al_14_O_32_[(H_2_O)_4_Cl_2_]	Ca Al O H Cl	IMA2012-046	6103	Mayenite	cubic	I43d	Ca Al O H Cl	Cky	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Colourless	#afafaf
1046	Chlormagaluminite	Chlormagaluminite	Mg4Al2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)_2	Mg4Al2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)2	Mg_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_Cl_2_(H_2_O)_2_	Mg_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_Cl_2_(H_2_O)_2	Mg Al O H Cl	IMA1980-098	1446	Hydrotalcite	hexagonal		Mg Al O H Cl	Cma	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, Yellow brown.	#afafaf,#ae8b0c
1047	Chlormanganokalite	Chlormanganokalite	K4Mn2+Cl6	K4MnCl6	K_4_MnCl_6_	K_4_Mn^2+^Cl_6_	K Mn Cl		1447	Rinneite	hexagonal	R3c	K Mn^2+ Cl	Cmk	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Yellow, Light yellow.	#ffff00,#fffe7a
1048	Chlormayenite	Chlormayenite	Ca12Al14O32[☐4Cl2]	Ca12Al14O32[☐4Cl2]	Ca_12_Al_14_O_32_[[box]_4_Cl_2_]	Ca_12_Al_14_O_32_[[box]_4_Cl_2_]	Ca Al O Cl	IMA1963-016	3057	Mayenite	cubic	I43d	Ca Al O Cl	Cmy	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colorless	#afafaf
1049	Chlorocalcite	Chlorocalcite	KCaCl3	KCaCl3	KCaCl_3_	KCaCl_3_	K Ca Cl		1448				K Ca Cl	Ccal	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colorless, White, Light violet.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#d6b4fc
1050	Chloromagnesite	Chloromagnesite	MgCl2	MgCl2	MgCl_2_	MgCl_2_	Mg Cl		5431	Scacchite	hexagonal	R3m	Mg Cl	Cmgs	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
1051	Chloromenite	Chloromenite	Cu2+9O2(Se4+O3)4Cl6	Cu9O2(Se4+O3)4Cl6	Cu_9_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_4_Cl_6_	Cu^2+^_9_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_4_Cl_6_	Cu O Se Cl	IMA1996-048	1449		monoclinic	I2/m	Cu^2+ O Se^4+ Cl	Cmn	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Tobacco green.	#6d5843
1052	Chlorophoenicite	Chlorophoenicite	(Mn2+,Mg,Zn2+)3Zn2+2As5+O4(OH,O)6	(Mn,Mg,Zn)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6	(Mn,Mg,Zn)_3_Zn_2_(AsO_4_)(OH,O)_6_	(Mn^2+^,Mg,Zn^2+^)_3_Zn^2+^_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH,O)_6_	Mn Mg Zn As O H		1450	Chlorophoenicite	monoclinic	C2/m	Mn^2+ Mg Zn^2+ As^5+ O H	Cpo	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Grayish green, Purplish red.	#82a67d,#b0054b
1053	Chlorothionite	Chlorothionite	K2Cu2+S6+O4Cl2	K2Cu(SO4)Cl2	K_2_Cu(SO_4_)Cl_2_	K_2_Cu^2+^S^6+^O_4_Cl_2_	K Cu S O Cl		1451	Chlorothionite	orthorhombic	Pnma	K Cu^2+ S^6+ O Cl	Ctn	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Light blue.	#add8e6
1054	Chloroxiphite	Chloroxiphite	Pb2+3Cu2+O2Cl2(OH)2	Pb3CuO2Cl2(OH)2	Pb_3_CuO_2_Cl_2_(OH)_2_	Pb^2+^_3_Cu^2+^O_2_Cl_2_(OH)_2_	Pb Cu O Cl H		1452		monoclinic	P21/m	Pb^2+ Cu^2+ O Cl H	Cxp	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Dull olive green, Pistachio green.	#7a7564,#a9d39e
1055	Choloalite	Choloalite	(Pb2+,Ca)3(Cu2+,Sb5+)3Te4+6O18Cl	(Pb,Ca)3(Cu,Sb)3Te6O18Cl	(Pb,Ca)_3_(Cu,Sb)_3_Te_6_O_18_Cl	(Pb^2+^,Ca)_3_(Cu^2+^,Sb^5+^)_3_Te^4+^_6_O_18_Cl	Pb Ca Cu Sb Te O Cl	IMA1980-019	1453		cubic	P4132	Pb^2+ Ca Cu^2+ Sb^5+ Te^4+ O Cl	Cho	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Dark green.	#033500
1056	Chondrodite	Chondrodite	Mg5(SiO4)2F2	Mg5(SiO4)2F2	Mg_5_(SiO_4_)_2_F_2_	Mg_5_(SiO_4_)_2_F_2_	Mg Si O F		1454	Humite	monoclinic	P21/b	Mg Si O F	Chn	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Yellow, Orange, Brownish white, Reddish white, Greenish white.	#ffff00,#ffa500,#d1f1de,#fff8d5,#d1f1de
1057	Chongite	Chongite	Ca3Mg2(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·4H2O	Ca3Mg2(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·4H2O	Ca_3_Mg_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O	Ca_3_Mg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O	Ca Mg As O H	IMA2015-039	6440	Hureaulite	monoclinic	C2/c	Ca Mg As^5+ O H	Cng	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No		#fdfdfe
1058	Chopinite	Chopinite	Mg3☐(PO4)2	Mg3(PO4)2	Mg_3_(PO_4_)_2_	Mg_3_[box](PO_4_)_2_	Mg P O	IMA2006-004	5524	Olivine-Sarcopside	monoclinic	P21/c, P21/b	Mg P O	Cpn	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
1059	Chovanite	Chovanite	Pb2+15-2xSb3+14+2xS2-36Ox; (x~0.2)	Pb15-2xSb14+2xS36Ox (x~0.2)	Pb_15-2x_Sb_14+2x_S_36_O_x_ (x~0.2)	Pb^2+^_15-2x_Sb^3+^_14+2x_S^2-^_36_O_x_; (x~0.2)	Pb Sb S O	IMA2009-055	5784		monoclinic	C2/m	Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2- O	Cov	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Grey, black	#808080,#000000
1060	Chrisstanleyite	Chrisstanleyite	Ag2Pd3Se4	Ag2Pd3Se4	Ag_2_Pd_3_Se_4_	Ag_2_Pd_3_Se_4_	Ag Pd Se	IMA1996-044	1455	Chrisstanleyite	monoclinic	P21/c	Ag Pd Se	Csl	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray, Silvery gray.	#808080,#a8a8a4
1061	Christelite	Christelite	Zn2+3Cu2+2(S6+4)2(OH)6·4H2O	Zn3Cu2(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O	Zn_3_Cu_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O	Zn^2+^_3_Cu^2+^_2_(S^6+^_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O	Zn Cu S O H	IMA1995-030	1456	Ktenasite	triclinic	P1	Zn^2+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O H	Cis	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Greenish blue.	#0b8b87
1062	Christite	Christite	Tl1+Hg2+As3+S2-3	TlHgAsS3	TlHgAsS_3_	Tl^1+^Hg^2+^As^3+^S^2-^_3_	Tl Hg As S	IMA1976-015	1457		monoclinic	P21/n	Tl^1+ Hg^2+ As^3+ S^2-	Cri	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Crimson red, Bright orange.	#980001,#ff7034
1063	Christofschäferite-(Ce)	Christofschaferite-(Ce)	(Ce3+,La3+,Ca)4Mn2+(Ti4+,Fe3+)3(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti4+)(Si2O7)2O8	(Ce,La,Ca)4Mn(Ti,Fe)3(Fe,Ti)(Si2O7)2O8	(Ce,La,Ca)_4_Mn(Ti,Fe)_3_(Fe,Ti)(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_8_	(Ce^3+^,La^3+^,Ca)_4_Mn^2+^(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_3_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Ti^4+^)(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_8_	Ce La Ca Mn Ti Fe Si O	IMA2011-107	6051	Chevkinite	monoclinic	P21/a, P21/m	Ce^3+ La^3+ Ca Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Si O	Csf-Ce	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Black	#000000
1064	Chromatite	Chromatite	CaCr6+O4	CaCr6+O4	CaCr^6+^O_4_	CaCr^6+^O_4_	Ca Cr O	IMA1967 s.p.	1458	Zircon	tetragonal	I41/amd	Ca Cr^6+ O	Crm	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Lemon.	#fff700
1065	Chrombismite	Chrombismite	Bi3+16Cr6+O27	Bi16CrO27	Bi_16_CrO_27_	Bi^3+^_16_Cr^6+^O_27_	Bi Cr O	IMA1995-044	1459		tetragonal	I4/m	Bi^3+ Cr^6+ O	Cbis	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Brown, Orange, Yellowish brown.	#653700,#ffa500,#9b7a01
1066	Chromceladonite	Chromceladonite	KMgCr3+Si4O10(OH)2	KMgCr(Si4O10)(OH)2	KMgCr(Si_4_O_10_)(OH)_2_	KMgCr^3+^Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_	K Mg Cr Si O H	IMA1999-024	1460		monoclinic	C2	K Mg Cr^3+ Si O H	Ccel	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Emerald green, Dark green.	#046307,#033500
1067	Chromferide	Chromferide	Fe1.5Cr0.2	Fe1.5Cr0.2	Fe_1.5_Cr_0.2_	Fe_1.5_Cr_0.2_	Fe Cr	IMA1984-021	1462	Iron	cubic	Pm3m	Fe Cr	Cfe	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Gray white.	#d7d5cb
1068	Chromio-pargasite	Chromio-pargasite	NaCa2(Mg4Cr3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2	NaCa2(Mg4Cr)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2	NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Cr)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_	NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Cr^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_	Na Ca Mg Cr Si Al O H	IMA2011-023, IMA2012 s.p.	5951	Amphibole	monoclinic	C2/m	Na Ca Mg Cr^3+ Si Al O H	Cprg	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals	No	Emerald green to pale green	#046307,#69b076
1069	Chromite	Chromite	Fe2+Cr3+2O4	Fe2+Cr2O4	Fe^2+^Cr_2_O_4_	Fe^2+^Cr^3+^_2_O_4_	Fe Cr O		1463	Spinel	cubic	Fd3m, Fd3m	Fe^2+ Cr^3+ O	Chr	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Black, Brownish black.	#000000,#413936
1070	Chromium	Chromium	Cr	Cr	Cr	Cr	Cr	IMA1980-094	1464	Iron	cubic, hexagonal	Fm3m, P63/mmc, Im3m, Pm3	Cr	Cr	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites	Yes	White.	#ffffff
1071	Chromium-dravite	Chromium-dravite	NaMg3Cr3+6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH	NaMg3Cr6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)	NaMg_3_Cr_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)	NaMg_3_Cr^3+^_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_OH	Na Mg Cr Si O B H	IMA1982-055	1461	Tourmaline	hexagonal	R3m	Na Mg Cr^3+ Si O B H	Cdrv	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Dark emerald-green to greenish-black.	#00834e,#454445
1072	Chromo-alumino-povondraite	Chromo-alumino-povondraite	NaCr3+3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O	NaCr3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O	NaCr_3_(Al_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O	NaCr^3+^_3_(Al_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O	Na Cr Al Mg Si O B H	IMA2013-089	5817	Tourmaline	hexagonal	R3m	Na Cr^3+ Al Mg Si O B H	Capov	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Green	#00ff00
1073	Chromphyllite	Chromphyllite	KCr3+2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2	KCr2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2	KCr_2_(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_2_	KCr^3+^_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_	K Cr Al Si O H	IMA1995-052	1465	Mica	monoclinic	C2/c	K Cr^3+ Si Al O H	Crp	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Emerald green.	#046307
1074	Chromschieffelinite	Chromschieffelinite	Pb2+10Te6+6O20(OH)14(Cr6+O4)·5H2O	Pb10Te6+6O20(OH)14(CrO4)(H2O)5	Pb_10_Te^6+^_6_O_20_(OH)_14_(CrO_4_)(H_2_O)_5_	Pb^2+^_10_Te^6+^_6_O_20_(OH)_14_(Cr^6+^O_4_)·5H_2_O	Pb Te O H Cr	IMA2011-003	5934	Schieffelinite	orthorhombic	C2221	Pb^2+ Te^6+ O H Cr^6+	Csfl	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	pale yellow	#eecf9e
1075	Chromviskontite	Chromviskontite	Pb2+5Cu2+2(Cr6+O4)3(Se4+O3)(OH)6	Pb5Cu2(CrO4)3(SeO3)(OH)6	Pb_5_Cu_2_(CrO_4_)_3_(SeO_3_)(OH)_6_	Pb^2+^_5_Cu^2+^_2_(Cr^6+^O_4_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)(OH)_6_	Pb Cu Cr O Se H	IMA2024-019	7495	Caledonite	orthorhombic	Pmn21	Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Cr^6+ O Se^4+ H	Cvkt		No		#fdfdfe
1076	Chrysoberyl	Chrysoberyl	BeAl2O4	BeAl2O4	BeAl_2_O_4_	BeAl_2_O_4_	Be Al O		1466	Olivine	orthorhombic	Pbnm, Pnma, Pmnb	Be Al O	Cbrl	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Blue green, Brown, Brownish green, Green, Gray.	#137e6d,#653700,#6a6e09,#00ff00,#808080
1077	Chrysocolla	Chrysocolla	(Cu2+2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O	(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O	(Cu_2-x_Al_x_)H_2-x_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_·nH_2_O	(Cu^2+^_2-x_Al_x_)H_2-x_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_·nH_2_O	Cu Al H Si O	IMA1980 s.p.	1467	Allophane			Cu^2+ Al H Si O	Ccl	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Green, Bluish green, Blue, Blackish blue, Brown.	#00ff00,#10a674,#0000ff,#453b32,#653700
1078	Chrysothallite	Chrysothallite	K6Cu2+6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4·H2O	K6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4·H2O	K_6_Cu_6_Tl^3+^Cl_17_(OH)_4_·H_2_O	K_6_Cu^2+^_6_Tl^3+^Cl_17_(OH)_4_·H_2_O	K Cu Tl Cl O H	IMA2013-008	6171	Not in a structural group	tetragonal	I4/mmm	K Cu^2+ Tl^3+ Cl O H	Cry	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Golden-yellow to light yellow	#ffdf00,#fffe7a
1079	Chrysotile	Chrysotile	Mg3Si2O5(OH)4	Mg3Si2O5(OH)4	Mg_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_	Mg_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_	Mg Si O H	IMA2007 s.p.	1468	Serpentine, Clay	monoclinic	B2/m, Cc	Mg Si O H	Ctl	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Green.	#00ff00
1080	Chubarovite	Chubarovite	KZn2+2(BO3)Cl2	KZn2(BO3)Cl2	KZn_2_(BO_3_)Cl_2_	KZn^2+^_2_(BO_3_)Cl_2_	K Zn B O Cl	IMA2014-018	6332	Not in a structural group	hexagonal	R32	K Zn^2+ B O Cl	Cub	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colorless	#afafaf
1081	Chudobaite	Chudobaite	Mg5(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·10H2O	Mg5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·10H2O	Mg_5_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·10H_2_O	Mg_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·10H_2_O	Mg As O H	IMA1962 s.p.	1469	Lindackerite	triclinic	P1	Mg As^5+ O H	Cdb	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pink, Rose, White, Colorless.	#ffc0cb,#ff007f,#ffffff,#afafaf
1082	Chukanovite	Chukanovite	Fe2+2CO3(OH)2	Fe2(CO3)(OH)2	Fe_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_	Fe^2+^_2_CO_3_(OH)_2_	Fe C O H	IMA2005-039	5321	Malachite	monoclinic	P21/a	Fe^2+ C O H	Ckn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pale green, Colorless.	#69b076,#afafaf
1083	Chukhrovite-(Ca)	Chukhrovite-(Ca)	Ca3Ca1.5Al2(S6+O4)F13·12H2O	Ca3Ca1.5Al2(SO4)F13·12H2O	Ca_3_Ca_1.5_Al_2_(SO_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O	Ca_3_Ca_1.5_Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O	Ca Al S O F H	IMA2010-081	5919	Chukhrovite	cubic	Fd3	Ca Al S^6+ O F H	Chk-Ca	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Colorless, white	#afafaf,#ffffff
1084	Chukhrovite-(Ce)	Chukhrovite-(Ce)	Ca3Ce3+Al2(S6+O4)F13·12H2O	Ca3CeAl2(SO4)F13·12H2O	Ca_3_CeAl_2_(SO_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O	Ca_3_Ce^3+^Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O	Ca Ce Al S O F H	IMA1987 s.p., IMA2024 s.p.	1470	Chukhrovite	cubic	Fd3	Ca Ce^3+ Al S^6+ O F H	Chk-Ce	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	White.	#ffffff
1085	Chukhrovite-(Nd)	Chukhrovite-(Nd)	Ca3NdAl2S6+O4F13·12H2O	Ca3NdAl2(SO4)F13·12H2O	Ca_3_NdAl_2_(SO_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O	Ca_3_NdAl_2_S^6+^O_4_F_13_·12H_2_O	Ca Nd Al S O F H	IMA2004-023	5184	Chukhrovite	cubic	Fd3	Ca Nd Al S^6+ O F H	Chk-Nd	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
1086	Chukhrovite-(Y)	Chukhrovite-(Y)	Ca3YAl2(S6+O4)F13·10H2O	Ca3YAl2(SO4)F13·12H2O	Ca_3_YAl_2_(SO_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O	Ca_3_YAl_2_(S^6+^O_4_)F_13_·10H_2_O	Ca Y Al S O F H	IMA1987 s.p.	1471	Chukhrovite	cubic	Fd3	Ca Y Al S^6+ O F H	Chk-Y	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
1087	Chukochenite	Chukochenite	(Li0.5Al0.5)Al2O4	(Li0.5Al0.5)Al2O4	(Li_0.5_Al_0.5_)Al_2_O_4_	(Li_0.5_Al_0.5_)Al_2_O_4_	Li Al O	IMA2018-132a	6994	Spinel	orthorhombic	Imma	Li Al O	Ckc	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	colorless	#afafaf
1088	Chukotkaite	Chukotkaite	Ag1+Pb2+7Sb3+5S2-15	AgPb7Sb5S15	AgPb_7_Sb_5_S_15_	Ag^1+^Pb^2+^_7_Sb^3+^_5_S^2-^_15_	Ag Pb Sb S	IMA2019-124	7007	Not in a structural group			Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Ckk	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	lead gray	#8a7963
1089	Churchite-(Y)	Churchite-(Y)	YPO4·2H2O	Y(PO4)·2H2O	Y(PO_4_)·2H_2_O	YPO_4_·2H_2_O	Y P O H	IMA1987 s.p.	1473	Gypsum	monoclinic	I2/a	Y P O H	Cuh-Y	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	Colorless, Gray, Snow white.	#afafaf,#808080,#eeffee
1090	Chursinite	Chursinite	Hg1+Hg2+(As5+O4)	Hg1+Hg2+(AsO4)	Hg^1+^Hg^2+^(AsO_4_)	Hg^1+^Hg^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)	Hg As O	IMA1982-047a	1474		monoclinic	P21/c	Hg^1+ Hg^2+ As^5+ O	Csi	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow brown, Orange brown.	#ae8b0c,#b16002
1091	Chvaleticeite	Chvaleticeite	Mn2+S6+O4·6H2O	Mn(SO4)·6H2O	Mn(SO_4_)·6H_2_O	Mn^2+^S^6+^O_4_·6H_2_O	Mn S O H	IMA1984-059	1475	Hexahydrite	monoclinic	C2/c	Mn^2+ S^6+ O H	Cva	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow green, White, Pink.	#c8fd3d,#ffffff,#ffc0cb
1092	Chvilevaite	Chvilevaite	Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)2S2	Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)2S2	Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)_2_S_2_	Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)_2_S_2_	Na Cu Fe Zn S	IMA1987-017	1476		hexagonal	P3m1	Na Cu Fe Zn S	Cvi	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Bronze, Black.	#a87900,#000000
1093	Cianciulliite	Cianciulliite	Mg2Mn2+Zn2+2(OH)10·2-4H2O	Mg2Mn2+Zn2(OH)10·2-4H2O	Mg_2_Mn^2+^Zn_2_(OH)_10_·2-4H_2_O	Mg_2_Mn^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(OH)_10_·2-4H_2_O	Mg Mn Zn O H	IMA1990-042	1477		monoclinic	C2/m	Mg Mn^2+ Zn^2+ O H	Cia	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Dark brown, Dark reddish brown, Reddish brown.	#73532a,#840000,#7f2b0a
1094	Cinnabar	Cinnabar	HgS	HgS	HgS	HgS	Hg S		1478		hexagonal	P3221, P3121	Hg S	Cin	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Lead gray, Brown, Brown pink, Vermilion, Gray.	#8a7963,#653700,#f2aeb1,#f4320c,#808080
1095	Ciprianiite	Ciprianiite	Ca4(Th4+Ca)Al(Be0.5☐1.5)[B4Si4O22](OH)2	Ca4(ThCa)Al(Be0.5☐1.5)Σ2[B4Si4O22](OH)2	Ca_4_(ThCa)Al(Be_0.5_[box]_1.5_)_Σ2_[B_4_Si_4_O_22_](OH)_2_	Ca_4_(Th^4+^Ca)Al(Be_0.5_[box]_1.5_)[B_4_Si_4_O_22_](OH)_2_	Ca Th Al Be B Si O H	IMA2001-021	1479	Hellandite	monoclinic	P2/a	Ca Th^4+ Al Be B Si O H	Cip	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks	No	Pale brown.	#b1916e
1096	Ciriottiite	Ciriottiite	Cu1+4Pb2+19(Sb3+,As3+,Bi3+)22(As2)4+S2-56	Cu4Pb19(Sb,As,Bi)22(As2)S56	Cu_4_Pb_19_(Sb,As,Bi)_22_(As_2_)S_56_	Cu^1+^_4_Pb^2+^_19_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^,Bi^3+^)_22_(As_2_)^4+^S^2-^_56_	Cu Pb Sb As Bi S	IMA2015-027	6428	Madocite	monoclinic	P21/n	Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ Bi^3+ As S^2-	Cit	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black	#000000
1097	Cirrolite	Cirrolite	Ca3Al2(PO4)3(OH)3	Ca3Al2(PO4)3(OH)3	Ca_3_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_	Ca_3_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_	Ca Al P O H		5434				Ca Al P O H	Ci	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Light yellow	#fffe7a
1098	Clairite	Clairite	(N3-H4)2Fe3+3(S6+O4)4(OH)3·3H2O	(NH4)2Fe3+3(SO4)4(OH)3·3H2O	(NH_4_)_2_Fe^3+^_3_(SO_4_)_4_(OH)_3_·3H_2_O	(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Fe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_3_·3H_2_O	N H Fe S O	IMA1982-093	1480		triclinic		N^3- H Fe^3+ S^6+ O	Clai	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
1099	Claraite	Claraite	(Cu2+,Zn2+)15(CO3)4(As5+O4)2(S6+O4)(OH)14·7H2O	(Cu,Zn)15(CO3)4(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)14·7H2O	(Cu,Zn)_15_(CO_3_)_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_14_·7H_2_O	(Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^)_15_(CO_3_)_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_14_·7H_2_O	Cu Zn C O As S H	IMA1981-023, IMA2016 s.p.	1481		triclinic, hexagonal	P1	Cu^2+ Zn^2+ C O As^5+ S^6+ H	Clar	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue.	#0000ff
1100	Claringbullite	Claringbullite	Cu2+4FCl(OH)6	Cu2+4FCl(OH)6	Cu^2+^_4_FCl(OH)_6_	Cu^2+^_4_FCl(OH)_6_	Cu F Cl O H	IMA1976-029	1482	Claringbullite	hexagonal	P63/mmc	Cu^2+ F Cl O H	Cgb	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Blue, Light blue.	#0000ff,#add8e6
1101	Clarkeite	Clarkeite	Na(U6+O2)O(OH)·nH2O	Na(UO2)O(OH)·nH2O	Na(UO_2_)O(OH)·nH_2_O	Na(U^6+^O_2_)O(OH)·nH_2_O	Na U O H		1483		hexagonal	R3m	Na U^6+ O H	Cke	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown, Brownish yellow, Dark brown, Reddish brown.	#653700,#c9b003,#73532a,#7f2b0a
1102	Claudetite	Claudetite	As3+2O3	As2O3	As_2_O_3_	As^3+^_2_O_3_	As O		1484	Arsenolamprite-Claudetite	monoclinic	P21/n	As^3+ O	Cdt	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
1103	Clausthalite	Clausthalite	Pb2+Se2-	PbSe	PbSe	Pb^2+^Se^2-^	Pb Se		1485	Rocksalt	cubic	Fm3m	Pb^2+ Se^2-	Cth	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Lead gray, Blue gray, Grayish black.	#8a7963,#758da3,#555152
1104	Clearcreekite	Clearcreekite	Hg1+3(CO3)(OH)·2H2O	Hg1+3(CO3)(OH)·2H2O	Hg^1+^_3_(CO_3_)(OH)·2H_2_O	Hg^1+^_3_(CO_3_)(OH)·2H_2_O	Hg C O H	IMA1999-003	1486		monoclinic	P21/c	Hg^1+ C O H	Cck	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pale greenish yellow.	#69b076
1105	Clerite	Clerite	Mn2+Sb3+2S2-4	MnSb2S4	MnSb_2_S_4_	Mn^2+^Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_	Mn Sb S	IMA1995-029	1487	Berthierite	orthorhombic	Pnam	Mn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-	Cle	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Black.	#000000
1106	Cleusonite	Cleusonite	Pb2+(U4+,U6+)Fe2+2(Ti4+,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38	Pb(U4+,U6+)Fe2+2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38	Pb(U^4+^,U^6+^)Fe^2+^_2_(Ti,Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_18_(O,OH)_38_	Pb^2+^(U^4+^,U^6+^)Fe^2+^_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_18_(O,OH)_38_	Pb U Fe Ti O H	IMA1998-070	5322	Crichtonite	hexagonal	R3	Pb^2+ U^4+ U^6+ Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O H	Ceu	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Black.	#000000
1107	Cliffordite	Cliffordite	U6+Te4+3O9	UTe4+3O9	UTe^4+^_3_O_9_	U^6+^Te^4+^_3_O_9_	U Te O	IMA1966-046	1488				U^6+ Te^4+ O	Cff	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow, Sulfur yellow.	#ffff00,#ccc050
1108	Clinoatacamite	Clinoatacamite	Cu2+2Cl(OH)3	Cu2Cl(OH)3	Cu_2_Cl(OH)_3_	Cu^2+^_2_Cl(OH)_3_	Cu Cl O H	IMA1993-060	1489	Atacamite	monoclinic	P21/n	Cu^2+ Cl O H	Cata	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Green, Dark greenish black, Greenish blue.	#00ff00,#033500,#0b8b87
1109	Clinobehoite	Clinobehoite	Be(OH)2	Be(OH)2	Be(OH)_2_	Be(OH)_2_	Be O H	IMA1988-024	1491		monoclinic	P21	Be O H	Cbht	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
1110	Clinobisvanite	Clinobisvanite	Bi3+V5+O4	Bi(VO4)	Bi(VO_4_)	Bi^3+^V^5+^O_4_	Bi V O	IMA1973-040	1492		tetragonal, monoclinic	I41/a, I2/b	Bi^3+ V^5+ O	Cbi	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow, Orange.	#ffff00,#ffa500
1111	Clinocervantite	Clinocervantite	Sb3+Sb5+O4	Sb3+Sb5+O4	Sb^3+^Sb^5+^O_4_	Sb^3+^Sb^5+^O_4_	Sb O	IMA1997-017	1493	Clinocervantite	monoclinic	C2/c	Sb^3+ Sb^5+ O	Ccvn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
1112	Clinochalcomenite	Clinochalcomenite	Cu2+Se4+O3(H2O)2	CuSe4+O3(H2O)2	CuSe^4+^O_3_(H_2_O)_2_	Cu^2+^Se^4+^O_3_(H_2_O)_2_	Cu Se O H	IMA2025-037	1494	Cobaltomenite	monoclinic	P21/n	Cu^2+ Se^4+ O H	Cccm		No	Bluish green.	#10a674
1113	Clinochlore	Clinochlore	Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8	Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8	Mg_5_Al(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_8_	Mg_5_Al(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_8_	Mg Al Si O H		1495	Chlorite, Clay	monoclinic, triclinic	C2/c, C2/m, C1	Mg Al Si O H	Clc	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Blackish green, Bluish green, White, Yellowish green, Olive green.	#5d6161,#10a674,#ffffff,#b0dd16,#8ead2c
1114	Clinoclase	Clinoclase	Cu2+3As5+O4(OH)3	Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3	Cu_3_(AsO_4_)(OH)_3_	Cu^2+^_3_As^5+^O_4_(OH)_3_	Cu As O H		1497		monoclinic	P21/c	Cu^2+ As^5+ O H	Cno	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals	No	Dark verdigris green, Blackish blue green, Blackish green.	#6f9892,#453b32,#5d6161
1115	Clinoenstatite	Clinoenstatite	MgSiO3	Mg2Si2O6	Mg_2_Si_2_O_6_	MgSiO_3_	Mg Si O	IMA1988 s.p.	1498	Pyroxene	monoclinic	P21/c	Mg Si O	Cen	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites	No	Colorless, Green, Greenish yellow, Yellow brown.	#afafaf,#00ff00,#cdfd02,#ae8b0c
1116	Clinofergusonite-(Ce)	Clinofergusonite-(Ce)	Ce3+Nb5+O4	CeNbO4	CeNbO_4_	Ce^3+^Nb^5+^O_4_	Ce Nb O	IMA1987 s.p.	1840		monoclinic	C2/c	Ce^3+ Nb^5+ O	Fgs-Ce-β	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	red, reddish brown	#ff0000,#7f2b0a
1117	Clinofergusonite-(Nd)	Clinofergusonite-(Nd)	NdNb5+O4	NdNbO4	NdNbO_4_	NdNb^5+^O_4_	Nd Nb O	IMA1987 s.p.	5095		monoclinic		Nd Nb^5+ O	Fgs-Nd-β	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Red, brownish red, yellowish brown	#ff0000,#9e3623,#9b7a01
1118	Clinofergusonite-(Y)	Clinofergusonite-(Y)	YNb5+O4	YNbO4	YNbO_4_	YNb^5+^O_4_	Y Nb O	IMA1987 s.p.	1842		monoclinic	C2/c, I2/a	Y Nb^5+ O	Fgs-Y-β	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Pale yellow	#eecf9e
1119	Clino-ferri-holmquistite	Clino-ferri-holmquistite	☐Li2(Mg3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2	☐Li2(Mg3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2	[box]Li_2_(Mg_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_	[box]Li_2_(Mg_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_	Li Mg Fe Si O H	IMA2001-067, IMA2014 s.p.	6358	Amphibole	monoclinic	C2/m	Li Mg Fe^3+ Si O H	Cfhlm	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Black	#000000
1120	Clino-ferro-ferri-holmquistite	Clino-ferro-ferri-holmquistite	☐Li2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2	☐Li2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2	[box]Li_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_	[box]Li_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_	Li Fe Si O H	IMA2001-066, IMA2012 s.p.	1847	Amphibole			Li Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H	Cffhlm	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Black	#000000
1121	Clinoferrosilite	Clinoferrosilite	Fe2+SiO3	Fe2+2Si2O6	Fe^2+^_2_Si_2_O_6_	Fe^2+^SiO_3_	Fe Si O	IMA1988 s.p.	1499	Pyroxene	monoclinic	P21/c, C2/c	Fe^2+ Si O	Cfs	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks	No	Brown, Colorless, Green.	#653700,#afafaf,#00ff00
1122	Clino-ferro-suenoite	Clino-ferro-suenoite	☐Mn2+2Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2	☐Mn2+2Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2	[box]Mn^2+^_2_Fe^2+^_5_(Si_8_O_22_)(OH)_2_	[box]Mn^2+^_2_Fe^2+^_5_(Si_8_O_22_)(OH)_2_	Mn Fe Si O H	IMA2024-032	7545	Amphibole	monoclinic	C2/m	Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Si O H	Cfsue		No	pale greenish-yellow to colorless	#cdfd02,#afafaf
1123	Clinohedrite	Clinohedrite	CaZn2+SiO4·H2O	CaZn(SiO4)·H2O	CaZn(SiO_4_)·H_2_O	CaZn^2+^SiO_4_·H_2_O	Ca Zn Si O H		1500		monoclinic	Cc	Ca Zn^2+ Si O H	Cnh	Abiotic, Biotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Colorless, White, Amethystine red.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#776985
1124	Clinohumite	Clinohumite	Mg9(SiO4)4F2	Mg9(SiO4)4F2	Mg_9_(SiO_4_)_4_F_2_	Mg_9_(SiO_4_)_4_F_2_	Mg Si O F		1502	Humite	monoclinic	P21/b	Mg Si O F	Chu	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Brown, Yellow, White, Orange, Reddish brown.	#653700,#ffff00,#ffffff,#ffa500,#7f2b0a
1125	Clinojimthompsonite	Clinojimthompsonite	Mg5Si6O16(OH)2	Mg5Si6O16(OH)2	Mg_5_Si_6_O_16_(OH)_2_	Mg_5_Si_6_O_16_(OH)_2_	Mg Si O H	IMA1977-012	1503		monoclinic	C2/c	Mg Si O H	Cjim	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites	No	Colorless, Pink brown.	#afafaf,#67594c
1126	Clinokurchatovite	Clinokurchatovite	CaMgB2O5	CaMgB2O5	CaMgB_2_O_5_	CaMgB_2_O_5_	Ca Mg B O	IMA1982-017	1504		monoclinic	P21/c, P21/b	Ca Mg B O	Ckht	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM28 - Photo-alteration, pre-biotic	No	Light gray.	#d8dcd6
1127	Clinometaborite	Clinometaborite	HBO2	HBO2	HBO_2_	HBO_2_	H B O	IMA2010-022	5851		monoclinic	P21/a, P21/c	H B O	Cmbo	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colorless	#afafaf
1128	Clino-oscarkempffite	Clino-oscarkempffite	Ag1+15Pb2+6Sb3+21Bi3+18S2-72	Ag15Pb6Sb21Bi18S72	Ag_15_Pb_6_Sb_21_Bi_18_S_72_	Ag^1+^_15_Pb^2+^_6_Sb^3+^_21_Bi^3+^_18_S^2-^_72_	Ag Pb Sb Bi S	IMA2012-086	6149	Lillianite	monoclinic	P21/c	Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-	Cokp	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Greyish black	#555152
1129	Clinophosinaite	Clinophosinaite	Na3Ca(SiO3)(PO4)	Na3Ca(SiO3)(PO4)	Na_3_Ca(SiO_3_)(PO_4_)	Na_3_Ca(SiO_3_)(PO_4_)	Na Ca Si O P	IMA1979-083	1506		monoclinic	P2/c	Na Ca Si O P	Cpsi	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Light violet.	#d6b4fc
1130	Clinoptilolite-Ca	Clinoptilolite-Ca	Ca3(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O	Ca3(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O	Ca_3_(Si_30_Al_6_)O_72_·20H_2_O	Ca_3_(Si_30_Al_6_)O_72_·20H_2_O	Ca Si Al O H	IMA1997 s.p.	1507	Heulandite	monoclinic	C2/m	Ca Si Al O H	Cpt-Ca	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	White, Reddish white.	#ffffff,#fff8d5
1131	Clinoptilolite-K	Clinoptilolite-K	K6(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O	K6(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O	K_6_(Si_30_Al_6_)O_72_·20H_2_O	K_6_(Si_30_Al_6_)O_72_·20H_2_O	K Si Al O H	IMA1997 s.p.	1508	Heulandite	monoclinic	C2/m	K Si Al O H	Cpt-K	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	Colorless, White, Red.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#ff0000
1132	Clinoptilolite-Na	Clinoptilolite-Na	Na6(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O	Na6(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O	Na_6_(Si_30_Al_6_)O_72_·20H_2_O	Na_6_(Si_30_Al_6_)O_72_·20H_2_O	Na Si Al O H	IMA1997 s.p.	1509	Heulandite	monoclinic	C2/m	Na Si Al O H	Cpt-Na	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals	No	White, Reddish white.	#ffffff,#fff8d5
1133	Clinosafflorite	Clinosafflorite	Co3+(As2)3-	CoAs2	CoAs_2_	Co^3+^(As_2_)^3-^	Co As	IMA1970-014	1510	Marcasite	monoclinic	P21/c, B21/d	Co^3+ As	Csaf	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Silver white, Tin white.	#e7e8e3,#cfd5db
1134	Clino-suenoite	Clino-suenoite	☐Mn2+2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2	☐Mn2+2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2	[box]Mn^2+^_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_	[box]Mn^2+^_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_	Mn Mg Si O H	IMA2016-111	6638	Amphibole	monoclinic	C2/m	Mn^2+ Mg Si O H	Csue	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	pale yellow, honey-yellow, yellow-brown to light brown, white (thin fibres), olive green to dark green, pink	#eecf9e,#ca9456,#ae8b0c,#b5651d,#f8eee3,#8ead2c,#033500,#ffc0cb
1135	Clinosulphur	Clinosulphur	S	S	S	S	S	IMA2022 s.p.	5484		monoclinic	P21	S	S-β	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	Yes	Pale yellow	#eecf9e
1136	Clinotobermorite	Clinotobermorite	Ca5Si6O17·5H2O	Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2·(Ca·3H2O)	Ca_4_Si_6_O_17_(H_2_O)_2_·(Ca·3H_2_O)	Ca_5_Si_6_O_17_·5H_2_O	Ca Si O H	IMA1990-005, IMA2014 s.p.	1511	Tobermorite	triclinic, monoclinic	C1, Cc, I2/m	Ca Si O H	Ctbm	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff
1137	Clinoungemachite	Clinoungemachite	K3Na8Fe3+(S6+O4)6(OH)2·10H2O	K3Na8Fe3+(SO4)6(OH)2·10H2O	K_3_Na_8_Fe^3+^(SO_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·10H_2_O	K_3_Na_8_Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·10H_2_O	K Na Fe S O H		5080				K Na Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Cug	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, White, Light yellow.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#fffe7a
1138	Clinozoisite	Clinozoisite	Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)	Ca_2_Al_3_[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)	Ca_2_Al_3_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)	Ca Al Si O H	IMA2006 s.p.	1513	Clinozoisite, Epidote	monoclinic	P21/m	Ca Al Si O H	Czo	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM43 - Shear-induced minerals	No	Colorless, Green, Gray, Yellow green, Light yellow.	#afafaf,#00ff00,#808080,#c8fd3d,#fffe7a
1139	Clintonite	Clintonite	CaAlMg2(SiAl3)O10(OH)2	CaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2	CaAlMg_2_(SiAl_3_O_10_)(OH)_2_	CaAlMg_2_(SiAl_3_)O_10_(OH)_2_	Ca Al Mg Si O H	IMA1998 s.p.	1514	Mica, Clay	monoclinic	C2/m	Ca Al Mg Si O H	Cln	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals	No	Colorless, Green, Yellow, Red, Reddish brown.	#afafaf,#00ff00,#ffff00,#ff0000,#7f2b0a
1140	Clogauite	Clogauite	Pb2+Bi3+4Te2-4S2-3	PbBi4Te4S3	PbBi_4_Te_4_S_3_	Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_4_Te^2-^_4_S^2-^_3_	Pb Bi Te S	IMA2023-062	7406		hexagonal	P3m1	Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Te^2- S^2-	Cgt		No	grey	#808080
1141	Cloncurryite	Cloncurryite	Cu2+0.5(V4+O)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2·5H2O	Cu0.5(VO)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2·5H2O	Cu_0.5_(VO)_0.5_Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_·5H_2_O	Cu^2+^_0.5_(V^4+^O)_0.5_Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_·5H_2_O	Cu V O Al P F H	IMA2005-060	5562		monoclinic	P21/c	Cu^2+ V^4+ O Al P F H	Ccu	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pale sky blue.	#bdf6fe
1142	Cloudite	Cloudite	BaFe3+3(PO4)(S6+O4)(OH)6	BaFe3+3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6	BaFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)_6_	BaFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_6_	Ba Fe P O S H	IMA2023-047	7395	Alunite	hexagonal	R3m	Ba Fe^3+ P O S^6+ H	Cud		No		#fdfdfe
1143	Coalingite	Coalingite	Mg10Fe3+2CO3(OH)24·2H2O	Mg10Fe3+2(CO3)(OH)24·2H2O	Mg_10_Fe^3+^_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_24_·2H_2_O	Mg_10_Fe^3+^_2_CO_3_(OH)_24_·2H_2_O	Mg Fe C O H	IMA1965-011	1515	Hydrotalcite	hexagonal	R3m	Mg Fe^3+ C O H	Clg	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes	No	Bronze brown, Light brown, Reddish brown.	#825e2f,#b5651d,#7f2b0a
1144	Cobaltarthurite	Cobaltarthurite	Co2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2·4H2O	CoFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O	CoFe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O	Co^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O	Co Fe As O H	IMA2001-052	1517	Arthurite	monoclinic	P21/c	Co^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H	Caru	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Straw yellow, Dark brown.	#f0d696,#73532a
1145	Cobaltaustinite	Cobaltaustinite	CaCo2+As5+O4(OH)	CaCo(AsO4)(OH)	CaCo(AsO_4_)(OH)	CaCo^2+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)	Ca Co As O H	IMA1987-042	1518	Adelite	orthorhombic	P212121	Ca Co^2+ As^5+ O H	Caus	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Green.	#00ff00
1146	Cobaltite	Cobaltite	Co3+(AsS)3-	CoAsS	CoAsS	Co^3+^(AsS)^3-^	Co As S		1519	Cobaltite	orthorhombic, cubic	Pca21, Pa3	Co^3+ As S	Cbt	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations	No	Reddish silver white, Violet steel gray, Black.	#e0e7dd,#5c619d,#000000
1147	Cobaltkieserite	Cobaltkieserite	Co2+S6+O4·H2O	Co(SO4)·H2O	Co(SO_4_)·H_2_O	Co^2+^S^6+^O_4_·H_2_O	Co S O H	IMA2002-004	1520	Titanite, Kieserite	monoclinic	C2/c	Co^2+ S^6+ O H	Cksr	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Pink.	#ffc0cb
1148	Cobaltkoritnigite	Cobaltkoritnigite	Co2+(As5+O3OH)·H2O	Co(AsO3OH)·H2O	Co(AsO_3_OH)·H_2_O	Co^2+^(As^5+^O_3_OH)·H_2_O	Co As O H	IMA1980-013	1521	Krautite	triclinic	P1	Co^2+ As^5+ O H	Ckor	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Dark pink, Purple red, Purple.	#cb416b,#990147,#800080
1149	Cobaltlotharmeyerite	Cobaltlotharmeyerite	CaCo2+2(As5+O4)2·2H2O	CaCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O	CaCo_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	CaCo^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Ca Co As O H	IMA1997-027	1522	Natrochalcite	monoclinic	C2/m	Ca Co^2+ As^5+ O H	Clmy	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown.	#653700
1150	Cobaltneustädtelite	Cobaltneustadtelite	Bi3+2Fe3+(Co2+,Fe3+)(As5+O4)2(O,OH)4	Bi2Fe3+(Co,Fe3+)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4	Bi_2_Fe^3+^(Co,Fe^3+^)(AsO_4_)_2_(O,OH)_4_	Bi^3+^_2_Fe^3+^(Co^2+^,Fe^3+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(O,OH)_4_	Bi Fe Co As O H	IMA2000-012	1523	Medenbachite	triclinic	P1	Bi^3+ Fe^3+ Co^2+ As^5+ O H	Cneu	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown, red-brown	#653700,#a52a2f
1151	Cobaltoblödite	Cobaltoblodite	Na2Co2+(S6+O4)2·4H2O	Na2Co(SO4)2·4H2O	Na_2_Co(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Na_2_Co^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O	Na Co S O H	IMA2012-059	6115	Blödite	monoclinic	P21/a	Na Co^2+ S^6+ O H	Cblö	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Reddish-pink in aggregates.	#fe2c54
1152	Cobaltomenite	Cobaltomenite	Co2+Se4+O3·2H2O	Co(Se4+O3)·2H2O	Co(Se^4+^O_3_)·2H_2_O	Co^2+^Se^4+^O_3_·2H_2_O	Co Se O H	IMA2007 s.p.	1524	Cobaltomenite	monoclinic	P21/n	Co^2+ Se^4+ O H	Cbm	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Dark red, Pink.	#840000,#ffc0cb
1153	Cobaltpentlandite	Cobaltpentlandite	Co9S8	Co9S8	Co_9_S_8_	Co_9_S_8_	Co S	IMA1962 s.p.	1525	Pentlandite	cubic	Fm3m	Co S	Copn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Yellow.	#ffff00
1154	Cobalttsumcorite	Cobalttsumcorite	Pb2+Co2+2(As5+O4)2·2H2O	PbCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O	PbCo_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Pb^2+^Co^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Pb Co As O H	IMA1999-029	1526	Natrochalcite	monoclinic	C2/m	Pb^2+ Co^2+ As^5+ O H	Ctsm	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Brown, Reddish brown.	#653700,#7f2b0a
1155	Cobaltzippeite	Cobaltzippeite	Co2+(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)O2·3.5H2O	Co(UO2)2(SO4)O2·3.5H2O	Co(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)O_2_·3.5H_2_O	Co^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)O_2_·3.5H_2_O	Co U O S H	IMA1971-006	4979	Zippeite	monoclinic	C2/m	Co^2+ U^6+ O S^6+ H	Czip	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals	No	Orange, Tan.	#ffa500,#d1b26f
1156	Coccinite	Coccinite	Hg2+I1-2	HgI2	HgI_2_	Hg^2+^I^1-^_2_	Hg I		5436		tetragonal	I41/amd, P42/nmc	Hg^2+ I^1-	Cci	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Orange red, Reddish brown.	#fe4401,#7f2b0a
1157	Cochromite	Cochromite	Co2+Cr3+2O4	CoCr2O4	CoCr_2_O_4_	Co^2+^Cr^3+^_2_O_4_	Co Cr O	IMA1978-049	1527	Spinel	cubic	Fd3m	Co^2+ Cr^3+ O	Cchr	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Black.	#000000
1158	Coconinoite	Coconinoite	Fe3+2Al2(U6+O2)2(PO4)4(S6+O4)(OH)2·20H2O	Fe3+2Al2(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2·20H2O	Fe^3+^_2_Al_2_(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_2_·20H_2_O	Fe^3+^_2_Al_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_·20H_2_O	Fe Al U O P S H	IMA1965-003	1528		monoclinic		Fe^3+ Al U^6+ O P S^6+ H	Coc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow, Cream yellow, Light yellow.	#ffff00,#f1f1e6,#fffe7a
1159	Coesite	Coesite	SiO2	SiO2	SiO_2_	SiO_2_	Si O	IMA1962 s.p.	1530	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	C2/c, P21/a	Si O	Coe	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM39 - High-P metamorphism	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
1160	Coffinite	Coffinite	U4+(SiO4)·nH2O	U(SiO4)·nH2O	U(SiO_4_)·nH_2_O	U^4+^(SiO_4_)·nH_2_O	U Si O H		1531	Zircon	tetragonal	I41/amd	U^4+ Si O H	Cof	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Black, Pale brown, Dark brown.	#000000,#b1916e,#73532a
1161	Cohenite	Cohenite	Fe3C	CFe3	CFe_3_	Fe_3_C	C Fe		1532	Perovskite	orthorhombic	Pbnm, Pnma	Fe C	Coh	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Yellowish white.	#e9f1d0
1162	Coiraite	Coiraite	(Pb2+,Sn2+)12.5As3+3Fe2+Sn4+5S2-28	(Pb,Sn)12.5As3Sn5FeS28	(Pb,Sn)_12.5_As_3_Sn_5_FeS_28_	(Pb^2+^,Sn^2+^)_12.5_As^3+^_3_Fe^2+^Sn^4+^_5_S^2-^_28_	Pb Sn As Fe S	IMA2005-024	5525		monoclinic	P2/m	Pb^2+ Sn^2+ As^3+ Fe^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-	Coi	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Gray.	#808080
1163	Colchesterite	Colchesterite	Bi3+2Mo6+2O9	Bi3+2Mo6+2O9	Bi^3+^_2_Mo^6+^_2_O_9_	Bi^3+^_2_Mo^6+^_2_O_9_	Bi Mo O	IMA2023-053	7400	Not in a structural group	monoclinic	P21/n	Bi^3+ Mo^6+ O	Cchs		No		#fdfdfe
1164	Coldwellite	Coldwellite	Pd3Ag2S	Pd3Ag2S	Pd_3_Ag_2_S	Pd_3_Ag_2_S	Pd Ag S	IMA2014-045	6341	Not in a structural group			Pd Ag S	Cwl	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	White with a light pinkish brown tint	#d6d0cc
1165	Colemanite	Colemanite	CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O	CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O	CaB_3_O_4_(OH)_3_·H_2_O	CaB_3_O_4_(OH)_3_·H_2_O	Ca B O H		1533		monoclinic	P21/a	Ca B O H	Cole	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Colorless, Gray, Gray white, Yellowish white, White.	#afafaf,#808080,#d7d5cb,#e9f1d0,#ffffff
1166	Colimaite	Colimaite	K3V5+S2-4	K3VS4	K_3_VS_4_	K_3_V^5+^S^2-^_4_	K V S	IMA2007-045	5647		orthorhombic	Pnma	K V^5+ S^2-	Com	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals	No	Yellow-green	#c8fd3d
1167	Colinowensite	Colinowensite	BaCu2+Si2O6	BaCuSi2O6	BaCuSi_2_O_6_	BaCu^2+^Si_2_O_6_	Ba Cu Si O	IMA2012-060	6116	Not in a structural group	tetragonal	I41/acd	Ba Cu^2+ Si O	Cwn	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics	No	Purple to dark blue (when thicker)	#800080,#315b7d
1168	Collinsite	Collinsite	Ca2Mg(PO4)2·2H2O	Ca2Mg(PO4)2·2H2O	Ca_2_Mg(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Ca_2_Mg(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O	Ca Mg P O H		1534	Fairfieldite	triclinic	P1	Ca Mg P O H	Coll	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, White, Light brown.	#afafaf,#ffffff,#b5651d
1169	Colomeraite	Colomeraite	NaTi3+Si2O6	NaTi3+Si2O6	NaTi^3+^Si_2_O_6_	NaTi^3+^Si_2_O_6_	Na Ti Si O	IMA2021-061	7165	Pyroxene	monoclinic	C2/c	Na Ti^3+ Si O	Colo	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases	No		#fdfdfe
1170	Coloradoite	Coloradoite	Hg2+Te2-	HgTe	HgTe	Hg^2+^Te^2-^	Hg Te		1535	Diamond-Sphalerite	cubic	F43m, Fm3m	Hg^2+ Te^2-	Clr	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Grayish black, Black.	#555152,#000000
1171	Colquiriite	Colquiriite	CaLiAlF6	CaLiAlF6	CaLiAlF_6_	CaLiAlF_6_	Ca Li Al F	IMA1980-015	1536		hexagonal	P31c	Ca Li Al F	Cqr	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	White.	#ffffff
1172	Columbite-(Fe)	Columbite-(Fe)	Fe2+Nb5+2O6	Fe2+Nb2O6	Fe^2+^Nb_2_O_6_	Fe^2+^Nb^5+^_2_O_6_	Fe Nb O	IMA2007 s.p.	1887	Columbite	orthorhombic	Pbcn, Pnca	Fe^2+ Nb^5+ O	Clb-Fe	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Black, Brownish black.	#000000,#413936
1173	Columbite-(Mg)	Columbite-(Mg)	MgNb5+2O6	MgNb2O6	MgNb_2_O_6_	MgNb^5+^_2_O_6_	Mg Nb O	IMA1967 s.p.	2936	Columbite	orthorhombic	Pbcn	Mg Nb^5+ O	Clb-Mg	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Brownish black, Black.	#413936,#000000
1174	Columbite-(Mn)	Columbite-(Mn)	Mn2+Nb5+2O6	Mn2+Nb2O6	Mn^2+^Nb_2_O_6_	Mn^2+^Nb^5+^_2_O_6_	Mn Nb O	IMA2007 s.p.	3003	Columbite	orthorhombic	Pbcn	Mn^2+ Nb^5+ O	Clb-Mn	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	Brownish black, Black.	#413936,#000000
1175	Colusite	Colusite	Cu1+12Cu2+V3+As5+3S2-16	Cu13VAs3S16	Cu_13_VAs_3_S_16_	Cu^1+^_12_Cu^2+^V^3+^As^5+^_3_S^2-^_16_	Cu V As S		1537	Germanite, Diamond-Sphalerite	cubic	P43n, F43m	Cu^1+ Cu^2+ V^3+ As^5+ S^2-	Col	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits	No	Bronze.	#a87900
1176	Comancheite	Comancheite	Hg2+55N3-24(N3-H2,OH)4(Cl,Br)34	Hg2+55N3-24(NH2,OH)4(Cl,Br)34	Hg^2+^_55_N^3-^_24_(NH_2_,OH)_4_(Cl,Br)_34_	Hg^2+^_55_N^3-^_24_(N^3-^H_2_,OH)_4_(Cl,Br)_34_	Hg N H O Cl Br	IMA1980-077	1538		orthorhombic	Pnnm	Hg^2+ N^3- H O Cl Br	Cmc	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Yellow, Orange red, Red.	#ffff00,#fe4401,#ff0000
1177	Combeite	Combeite	Na4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5	Na4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5	Na_4.5_Ca_3.5_Si_6_O_17.5_(OH)_0.5_	Na_4.5_Ca_3.5_Si_6_O_17.5_(OH)_0.5_	Na Ca Si O H		1539	Lovozerite-Zirsinalite–Lovozerite	hexagonal	R3m, P3121, P32	Na Ca Si O H	Cbe	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Colorless.	#afafaf
1178	Comblainite	Comblainite	Ni2+4Co3+2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O	Ni4Co3+2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O	Ni_4_Co^3+^_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O	Ni^2+^_4_Co^3+^_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O	Ni Co O H C	IMA1978-009	1540	Hydrotalcite	hexagonal		Ni^2+ Co^3+ O H C	Cob	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Blue, Turquoise.	#0000ff,#06c2ac
1179	Compreignacite	Compreignacite	K2(U6+O2)6O4(OH)6·7H2O	K2(UO2)6O4(OH)6·7H2O	K_2_(UO_2_)_6_O_4_(OH)_6_·7H_2_O	K_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_6_O_4_(OH)_6_·7H_2_O	K U O H	IMA1964-026	1541	Compreignacite	orthorhombic	Pnnm	K U^6+ O H	Cgn	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Golden yellow, Light yellow.	#ffdf00,#fffe7a
1180	Congolite	Congolite	Fe2+3B7O13Cl	Fe2+3B7O13Cl	Fe^2+^_3_B_7_O_13_Cl	Fe^2+^_3_B_7_O_13_Cl	Fe B O Cl	IMA1971-030	1542	Boracite	hexagonal	R3c	Fe^2+ B O Cl	Cgl	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)	No	Light red.	#ff7f7f
1181	Conichalcite	Conichalcite	CaCu2+As5+O4(OH)	CaCu(AsO4)(OH)	CaCu(AsO_4_)(OH)	CaCu^2+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)	Ca Cu As O H		1543	Adelite	orthorhombic	P212121	Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O H	Con	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Yellow green, Emerald green.	#c8fd3d,#046307
1182	Connellite	Connellite	Cu2+36(S6+O4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O	Cu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O	Cu_36_(SO_4_)(OH)_62_Cl_8_·6H_2_O	Cu^2+^_36_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_62_Cl_8_·6H_2_O	Cu S O H Cl		1544	Connellite	hexagonal	P62c, P63/mmc	Cu^2+ S^6+ O H Cl	Cnl	Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins	No	Blue green, Light blue.	#137e6d,#add8e6
1183	Cookeite	Cookeite	LiAl4(Si3Al)O10(OH)8	(Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8	(Al,Li)_3_Al_2_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_8_	LiAl_4_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_8_	Al Li Si O H		1545	Chlorite, Clay	monoclinic	Cc	Li Al Si O H	Ckt	Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites	No	White, Green, Brown, Yellowish white, Pinkish white.	#ffffff,#00ff00,#653700,#e9f1d0,#fff1fa
1184	Coombsite	Coombsite	KMn2+13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14	KMn2+13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14	KMn^2+^_13_(Si,Al)_18_O_42_(OH)_14_	KMn^2+^_13_(Si,Al)_18_O_42_(OH)_14_	K Mn Si Al O H	IMA1989-058	1546		hexagonal, tetragonal		K Mn^2+ Si Al O H	Cmb	Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism	No	Brown.	#653700
1185	Cooperite	Cooperite	Pt2+S2-	PtS	PtS	Pt^2+^S^2-^	Pt S	IMA2022 s.p.	1547		tetragonal	P42/mmc	Pt^2+ S^2-	Cpe	Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations	No	Steel gray.	#43464b
1186	Coparsite	Coparsite	Cu2+4O2As5+O4Cl	Cu2+4O2(AsO4)Cl	Cu^2+^_4_O_2_(AsO_4_)Cl	Cu^2+^_4_O_2_As^5+^O_4_Cl	Cu O As Cl	IMA1996-064	1548		orthorhombic	Pbcm	Cu^2+ O As^5+ Cl	Cop	Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals	No	Black, Dark gray.	#000000,#363737
1187	Copiapite	Copiapite	Fe2+Fe3+4(S6+O4)6(OH)2·20H2O	Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O	Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O	Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O	Fe S O H		1549	Copiapite	triclinic	P1	Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H	Cpi	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	No	Green, Green yellow, Yellow, Yellow green, Golden yellow.	#00ff00,#c6f808,#ffff00,#c8fd3d,#ffdf00
1188	Copper	Copper	Cu	Cu	Cu	Cu	Cu		1550	Copper	cubic	Fm3m	Cu	Cu	Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals	Yes	Brown, Copper red, Light pink, Red.	#653700,#cb6d51,#ffd1df,#ff0000
1189	Coquandite	Coquandite	Sb3+6+xO8+x(S6+O4)(OH)x(H2O)1-x (x = 0.3)	Sb3+6+xO8+x(SO4)(OH)x(H2O)1-x (x = 0.3)	Sb^3+^_6+x_O_8+x_(SO_4_)(OH)_x_(H_2_O)_1-x_ (x = 0.3)	Sb^3+^_6+x_O_8+x_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_x_(H_2_O)_1-x_ (x = 0.3)	Sb O S H	IMA1991-024	1551		triclinic	P1	Sb^3+ O S^6+ H	Cqd	Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering	No	Colorless, White.	#afafaf,#ffffff

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