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Plots not chunks, add elements.csv

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14
README.org
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@ -2,9 +2,6 @@
Open Heavens is a semi-realistic and deterministic star system generator, based on [[https://github.com/BirDt/stardate-legacy][Stardate Legacy]]. Open Heavens provides the "controller" part of your average MVC, so it does not provide any visualisation or interaction logic with the system (except for whatever is needed for testing).
* Dependencies & Credits
- [[https://github.com/BirDt/markov-machine][Markov Machine]] is used for name generation.
* Generation Process
Open Heavens generates systems by their mass, age (which is sparingly used), and elemental abundance, both of which are configurable when passed to the system generator. This process outline assumes you leave all settings as random, and only provide a seed. Most rates are configurable.
@ -219,14 +216,13 @@ With the composition determined, we can estimate the magnetic field strength, in
Colloquially known as having a fun time.
#+end_quote
Based off the various planet metadata calculated, we can create a chunk-based surface for each planet and populate it. If you know anything about spheres, or maps, you may know that it is very difficult to tesselate a spherical surface equally with the shapes one may usually consider for chunks (for gameplay purposes). Even though spheres can't be tesselated equally by squares, we generate square chunks - our planets are actually cubes!
Currently, gas planets have no surface generation.
Each chunk is <YET UNDEFINED> kilometres across, and has a number of procedurally generated attributes.
We generate a number of plots for the planet based on it's surface area. We roughly estimate the surface area in kilometres using the radius, then divide by 10 million (rounding up) to get the number of plots. This gives us 51 plots for a planet of similar size to Earth, 7 for one the size of Mercury, etc.
Each plot is a square of 100 kilometres across, and has a number of procedurally generated attributes.
*** Geo-biomes
Minerology and surface feature generation are both driven by the planetary geology, which abstracted to "geo-biomes". Each chunk on a planet pulls a random geo-biome from the list of possible biomes given the environment. Biomes are weighted based on how probably their generation is given the environment.
Minerology and surface feature generation are both driven by the planetary geology, which abstracted to "geo-biomes". Each plot on a planet pulls a random geo-biome from the list of possible biomes given the environment. Biomes are weighted based on how probably their generation is given the environment.
When looking at the list of possible geo-biomes, we first consider whether the planet is dead or not. Dead worlds have no volcanism, and no atmosphere. For dead worlds, every geo-biome except for impact and primordial is weighted as 0.2.
**** Impact
@ -311,9 +307,9 @@ Mode 34 and 27 can generate in Pegmatitic biomes.
Modes 7-9, 19-20, 27, 35-38 can generate in Magmatic biomes.
*** Surface Biomes
Each chunk has a surface biome randomly chosen from a set derived from the geo-biome. Surface biomes are different for terrestrial, metallic, and ice worlds as opposed to water worlds.
Each plot has a surface biome randomly chosen from a set derived from the geo-biome. Surface biomes are different for terrestrial, metallic, and ice worlds as opposed to water worlds.
These biomes also determine the sorts of surface features that can generate within the chunk. For water worlds, these are submarine.
These biomes also determine the sorts of surface features that can generate within the plot. For water worlds, these are submarine.
**** Terrestrial, Metallic, Ice
***** Primordial

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periodic_table_of_elements.csv Normal file
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AtomicNumber,Element,Symbol,AtomicMass,NumberofNeutrons,NumberofProtons,NumberofElectrons,Period,Group,Phase,Radioactive,Natural,Metal,Nonmetal,Metalloid,Type,AtomicRadius,Electronegativity,FirstIonization,Density,MeltingPoint,BoilingPoint,NumberOfIsotopes,Discoverer,Year,SpecificHeat,NumberofShells,NumberofValence
1,Hydrogen,H,1.007,0,1,1,1,1,gas,,yes,,yes,,Nonmetal,0.79,2.2,13.5984,8.99E-05,14.175,20.28,3,Cavendish,1766,14.304,1,1
2,Helium,He,4.002,2,2,2,1,18,gas,,yes,,yes,,Noble Gas,0.49,,24.5874,1.79E-04,,4.22,5,Janssen,1868,5.193,1,
3,Lithium,Li,6.941,4,3,3,2,1,solid,,yes,yes,,,Alkali Metal,2.1,0.98,5.3917,5.34E-01,453.85,1615,5,Arfvedson,1817,3.582,2,1
4,Beryllium,Be,9.012,5,4,4,2,2,solid,,yes,yes,,,Alkaline Earth Metal,1.4,1.57,9.3227,1.85E+00,1560.15,2742,6,Vaulquelin,1798,1.825,2,2
5,Boron,B,10.811,6,5,5,2,13,solid,,yes,,,yes,Metalloid,1.2,2.04,8.298,2.34E+00,2573.15,4200,6,Gay-Lussac,1808,1.026,2,3
6,Carbon,C,12.011,6,6,6,2,14,solid,,yes,,yes,,Nonmetal,0.91,2.55,11.2603,2.27E+00,3948.15,4300,7,Prehistoric,,0.709,2,4
7,Nitrogen,N,14.007,7,7,7,2,15,gas,,yes,,yes,,Nonmetal,0.75,3.04,14.5341,1.25E-03,63.29,77.36,8,Rutherford,1772,1.04,2,5
8,Oxygen,O,15.999,8,8,8,2,16,gas,,yes,,yes,,Nonmetal,0.65,3.44,13.6181,1.43E-03,50.5,90.2,8,Priestley/Scheele,1774,0.918,2,6
9,Fluorine,F,18.998,10,9,9,2,17,gas,,yes,,yes,,Halogen,0.57,3.98,17.4228,1.70E-03,53.63,85.03,6,Moissan,1886,0.824,2,7
10,Neon,Ne,20.18,10,10,10,2,18,gas,,yes,,yes,,Noble Gas,0.51,,21.5645,9.00E-04,24.703,27.07,8,Ramsay and Travers,1898,1.03,2,8
11,Sodium,Na,22.99,12,11,11,3,1,solid,,yes,yes,,,Alkali Metal,2.2,0.93,5.1391,9.71E-01,371.15,1156,7,Davy,1807,1.228,3,1
12,Magnesium,Mg,24.305,12,12,12,3,2,solid,,yes,yes,,,Alkaline Earth Metal,1.7,1.31,7.6462,1.74E+00,923.15,1363,8,Black,1755,1.023,3,2
13,Aluminum,Al,26.982,14,13,13,3,13,solid,,yes,yes,,,Metal,1.8,1.61,5.9858,2.70E+00,933.4,2792,8,Wshler,1827,0.897,3,3
14,Silicon,Si,28.086,14,14,14,3,14,solid,,yes,,,yes,Metalloid,1.5,1.9,8.1517,2.33E+00,1683.15,3538,8,Berzelius,1824,0.705,3,4
15,Phosphorus,P,30.974,16,15,15,3,15,solid,,yes,,yes,,Nonmetal,1.2,2.19,10.4867,1.82E+00,317.25,553,7,BranBrand,1669,0.769,3,5
16,Sulfur,S,32.065,16,16,16,3,16,solid,,yes,,yes,,Nonmetal,1.1,2.58,10.36,2.07E+00,388.51,717.8,10,Prehistoric,,0.71,3,6
17,Chlorine,Cl,35.453,18,17,17,3,17,gas,,yes,,yes,,Halogen,0.97,3.16,12.9676,3.21E-03,172.31,239.11,11,Scheele,1774,0.479,3,7
18,Argon,Ar,39.948,22,18,18,3,18,gas,,yes,,yes,,Noble Gas,0.88,,15.7596,1.78E-03,83.96,87.3,8,Rayleigh and Ramsay,1894,0.52,3,8
19,Potassium,K,39.098,20,19,19,4,1,solid,,yes,yes,,,Alkali Metal,2.8,0.82,4.3407,8.62E-01,336.5,1032,10,Davy,1807,0.757,4,1
20,Calcium,Ca,40.078,20,20,20,4,2,solid,,yes,yes,,,Alkaline Earth Metal,2.2,1,6.1132,1.54E+00,1112.15,1757,14,Davy,1808,0.647,4,2
21,Scandium,Sc,44.956,24,21,21,4,3,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,2.1,1.36,6.5615,2.99E+00,1812.15,3109,15,Nilson,1878,0.568,4,
22,Titanium,Ti,47.867,26,22,22,4,4,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,2,1.54,6.8281,4.54E+00,1933.15,3560,9,Gregor,1791,0.523,4,
23,Vanadium,V,50.942,28,23,23,4,5,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.9,1.63,6.7462,6.11E+00,2175.15,3680,9, del Rio,1801,0.489,4,
24,Chromium,Cr,51.996,28,24,24,4,6,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.9,1.66,6.7665,7.15E+00,2130.15,2944,9,Vauquelin,1797,0.449,4,
25,Manganese,Mn,54.938,30,25,25,4,7,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.8,1.55,7.434,7.44E+00,1519.15,2334,11,"Gahn, Scheele",1774,0.479,4,
26,Iron,Fe,55.845,30,26,26,4,8,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.7,1.83,7.9024,7.87E+00,1808.15,3134,10,Prehistoric,,0.449,4,
27,Cobalt,Co,58.933,32,27,27,4,9,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.7,1.88,7.881,8.86E+00,1768.15,3200,14,Brandt,1735,0.421,4,
28,Nickel,Ni,58.693,31,28,28,4,10,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.6,1.91,7.6398,8.91E+00,1726.15,3186,11,Cronstedt,1751,0.444,4,
29,Copper,Cu,63.546,35,29,29,4,11,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.6,1.9,7.7264,8.96E+00,1357.75,2835,11,Prehistoric,,0.385,4,
30,Zinc,Zn,65.38,35,30,30,4,12,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.5,1.65,9.3942,7.13E+00,692.88,1180,15,Prehistoric,,0.388,4,
31,Gallium,Ga,69.723,39,31,31,4,13,solid,,yes,yes,,,Metal,1.8,1.81,5.9993,5.91E+00,302.91,2477,14,de Boisbaudran,1875,0.371,4,3
32,Germanium,Ge,72.64,41,32,32,4,14,solid,,yes,,,yes,Metalloid,1.5,2.01,7.8994,5.32E+00,1211.45,3106,17,Winkler,1886,0.32,4,4
33,Arsenic,As,74.922,42,33,33,4,15,solid,,yes,,,yes,Metalloid,1.3,2.18,9.7886,5.78E+00,1090.15,887,14,Albertus Magnus,1250,0.329,4,5
34,Selenium,Se,78.96,45,34,34,4,16,solid,,yes,,yes,,Nonmetal,1.2,2.55,9.7524,4.81E+00,494.15,958,20,Berzelius,1817,0.321,4,6
35,Bromine,Br,79.904,45,35,35,4,17,liq,,yes,,yes,,Halogen,1.1,2.96,11.8138,3.12E+00,266.05,332,19,Balard,1826,0.474,4,7
36,Krypton,Kr,83.798,48,36,36,4,18,gas,,yes,,yes,,Noble Gas,1,,13.9996,3.73E-03,115.93,119.93,23,Ramsay and Travers,1898,0.248,4,8
37,Rubidium,Rb,85.468,48,37,37,5,1,solid,,yes,yes,,,Alkali Metal,3,0.82,4.1771,1.53E+00,312.79,961,20,Bunsen and Kirchoff,1861,0.363,5,1
38,Strontium,Sr,87.62,50,38,38,5,2,solid,,yes,yes,,,Alkaline Earth Metal,2.5,0.95,5.6949,2.64E+00,1042.15,1655,18,Davy,1808,0.301,5,2
39,Yttrium,Y,88.906,50,39,39,5,3,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,2.3,1.22,6.2173,4.47E+00,1799.15,3609,21,Gadolin,1794,0.298,5,
40,Zirconium,Zr,91.224,51,40,40,5,4,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,2.2,1.33,6.6339,6.51E+00,2125.15,4682,20,Klaproth,1789,0.278,5,
41,Niobium,Nb,92.906,52,41,41,5,5,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,2.1,1.6,6.7589,8.57E+00,2741.15,5017,24,Hatchett,1801,0.265,5,
42,Molybdenum,Mo,95.96,54,42,42,5,6,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,2,2.16,7.0924,1.02E+01,2890.15,4912,20,Scheele,1778,0.251,5,
43,Technetium,Tc,98,55,43,43,5,7,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Transition Metal,2,1.9,7.28,1.15E+01,2473.15,5150,23,Perrier and Segr<67>,1937,,5,
44,Ruthenium,Ru,101.07,57,44,44,5,8,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.9,2.2,7.3605,1.24E+01,2523.15,4423,16,Klaus,1844,0.238,5,
45,Rhodium,Rh,102.906,58,45,45,5,9,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.8,2.28,7.4589,1.24E+01,2239.15,3968,20,Wollaston,1803,0.243,5,
46,Palladium,Pd,106.42,60,46,46,5,10,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.8,2.2,8.3369,1.20E+01,1825.15,3236,21,Wollaston,1803,0.244,5,
47,Silver,Ag,107.868,61,47,47,5,11,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.8,1.93,7.5762,1.05E+01,1234.15,2435,27,Prehistoric,,0.235,5,
48,Cadmium,Cd,112.411,64,48,48,5,12,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.7,1.69,8.9938,8.69E+00,594.33,1040,22,Stromeyer,1817,0.232,5,
49,Indium,In,114.818,66,49,49,5,13,solid,,yes,yes,,,Metal,2,1.78,5.7864,7.31E+00,429.91,2345,34,Reich and Richter,1863,0.233,5,3
50,Tin,Sn,118.71,69,50,50,5,14,solid,,yes,yes,,,Metal,1.7,1.96,7.3439,7.29E+00,505.21,2875,28,Prehistoric,,0.228,5,4
51,Antimony,Sb,121.76,71,51,51,5,15,solid,,yes,,,yes,Metalloid,1.5,2.05,8.6084,6.69E+00,904.05,1860,29,Early historic times,,0.207,5,5
52,Tellurium,Te,127.6,76,52,52,5,16,solid,,yes,,,yes,Metalloid,1.4,2.1,9.0096,6.23E+00,722.8,1261,29,von Reichenstein,1782,0.202,5,6
53,Iodine,I,126.904,74,53,53,5,17,solid,,yes,,yes,,Halogen,1.3,2.66,10.4513,4.93E+00,386.65,457.4,24,Courtois,1811,0.214,5,7
54,Xenon,Xe,131.293,77,54,54,5,18,gas,,yes,,yes,,Noble Gas,1.2,,12.1298,5.89E-03,161.45,165.03,31,Ramsay and Travers,1898,0.158,5,8
55,Cesium,Cs,132.905,78,55,55,6,1,solid,,yes,yes,,,Alkali Metal,3.3,0.79,3.8939,1.87E+00,301.7,944,22,Bunsen and Kirchoff,1860,0.242,6,1
56,Barium,Ba,137.327,81,56,56,6,2,solid,,yes,yes,,,Alkaline Earth Metal,2.8,0.89,5.2117,3.59E+00,1002.15,2170,25,Davy,1808,0.204,6,2
57,Lanthanum,La,138.905,82,57,57,6,3,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.7,1.1,5.5769,6.15E+00,1193.15,3737,19,Mosander,1839,0.195,6,
58,Cerium,Ce,140.116,82,58,58,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.7,1.12,5.5387,6.77E+00,1071.15,3716,19,Berzelius,1803,0.192,6,
59,Praseodymium,Pr,140.908,82,59,59,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.7,1.13,5.473,6.77E+00,1204.15,3793,15,von Welsbach,1885,0.193,6,
60,Neodymium,Nd,144.242,84,60,60,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.6,1.14,5.525,7.01E+00,1289.15,3347,16,von Welsbach,1885,0.19,6,
61,Promethium,Pm,145,84,61,61,6,,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.6,1.13,5.582,7.26E+00,1204.15,3273,14,Marinsky et al.,1945,,6,
62,Samarium,Sm,150.36,88,62,62,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.6,1.17,5.6437,7.52E+00,1345.15,2067,17,Boisbaudran,1879,0.197,6,
63,Europium,Eu,151.964,89,63,63,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.6,1.2,5.6704,5.24E+00,1095.15,1802,21,Demarcay,1901,0.182,6,
64,Gadolinium,Gd,157.25,93,64,64,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.5,1.2,6.1501,7.90E+00,1585.15,3546,17,de Marignac,1880,0.236,6,
65,Terbium,Tb,158.925,94,65,65,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.5,1.2,5.8638,8.23E+00,1630.15,3503,24,Mosander,1843,0.182,6,
66,Dysprosium,Dy,162.5,97,66,66,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.5,1.22,5.9389,8.55E+00,1680.15,2840,21,de Boisbaudran,1886,0.17,6,
67,Holmium,Ho,164.93,98,67,67,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.5,1.23,6.0215,8.80E+00,1743.15,2993,29,Delafontaine and Soret,1878,0.165,6,
68,Erbium,Er,167.259,99,68,68,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.5,1.24,6.1077,9.07E+00,1795.15,3503,16,Mosander,1843,0.168,6,
69,Thulium,Tm,168.934,100,69,69,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.4,1.25,6.1843,9.32E+00,1818.15,2223,18,Cleve,1879,0.16,6,
70,Ytterbium,Yb,173.054,103,70,70,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.4,1.1,6.2542,6.97E+00,1097.15,1469,16,Marignac,1878,0.155,6,
71,Lutetium,Lu,174.967,104,71,71,6,,solid,,yes,yes,,,Lanthanide,2.3,1.27,5.4259,9.84E+00,1936.15,3675,22,Urbain/ von Welsbach,1907,0.154,6,
72,Hafnium,Hf,178.49,106,72,72,6,4,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,2.2,1.3,6.8251,1.33E+01,2500.15,4876,17,Coster and von Hevesy,1923,0.144,6,
73,Tantalum,Ta,180.948,108,73,73,6,5,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,2.1,1.5,7.5496,1.67E+01,3269.15,5731,19,Ekeberg,1801,0.14,6,
74,Wolfram,W,183.84,110,74,74,6,6,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,2,2.36,7.864,1.93E+01,3680.15,5828,22,J. and F. d'Elhuyar,1783,0.132,6,
75,Rhenium,Re,186.207,111,75,75,6,7,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,2,1.9,7.8335,2.10E+01,3453.15,5869,21,"Noddack, Berg, and Tacke",1925,0.137,6,
76,Osmium,Os,190.23,114,76,76,6,8,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.9,2.2,8.4382,2.26E+01,3300.15,5285,19,Tennant,1803,0.13,6,
77,Iridium,Ir,192.217,115,77,77,6,9,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.9,2.2,8.967,2.26E+01,2716.15,4701,25,Tennant,1804,0.131,6,
78,Platinum,Pt,195.084,117,78,78,6,10,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.8,2.28,8.9587,2.15E+01,2045.15,4098,32,Ulloa/Wood,1735,0.133,6,
79,Gold,Au,196.967,118,79,79,6,11,solid,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.8,2.54,9.2255,1.93E+01,1337.73,3129,21,Prehistoric,,0.129,6,
80,Mercury,Hg,200.59,121,80,80,6,12,liq,,yes,yes,,,Transition Metal,1.8,2,10.4375,1.35E+01,234.43,630,26,Prehistoric,,0.14,6,
81,Thallium,Tl,204.383,123,81,81,6,13,solid,,yes,yes,,,Metal,2.1,2.04,6.1082,1.19E+01,577.15,1746,28,Crookes,1861,0.129,6,3
82,Lead,Pb,207.2,125,82,82,6,14,solid,,yes,yes,,,Metal,1.8,2.33,7.4167,1.13E+01,600.75,2022,29,Prehistoric,,0.129,6,4
83,Bismuth,Bi,208.98,126,83,83,6,15,solid,,yes,yes,,,Metal,1.6,2.02,7.2856,9.81E+00,544.67,1837,19,Geoffroy the Younger,1753,0.122,6,5
84,Polonium,Po,210,126,84,84,6,16,solid,yes,yes,,,yes,Metalloid,1.5,2,8.417,9.32E+00,527.15,1235,34,Curie,1898,,6,6
85,Astatine,At,210,125,85,85,6,17,solid,yes,yes,,yes,,Noble Gas,1.4,2.2,9.3,7.00E+00,575.15,610,21,Corson et al.,1940,,6,7
86,Radon,Rn,222,136,86,86,6,18,gas,yes,yes,yes,,,Alkali Metal,1.3,,10.7485,9.73E-03,202.15,211.3,20,Dorn,1900,0.094,6,8
87,Francium,Fr,223,136,87,87,7,1,solid,yes,yes,yes,,,Alkaline Earth Metal,,0.7,4.0727,1.87E+00,300.15,950,21,Perey,1939,,7,1
88,Radium,Ra,226,138,88,88,7,2,solid,yes,yes,yes,,,Actinide,,0.9,5.2784,5.50E+00,973.15,2010,15,Pierre and Marie Curie,1898,,7,2
89,Actinium,Ac,227,138,89,89,7,3,solid,yes,yes,yes,,,Actinide,,1.1,5.17,1.01E+01,1323.15,3471,11,Debierne/Giesel,1899,0.12,7,
90,Thorium,Th,232.038,142,90,90,7,,solid,yes,yes,yes,,,Actinide,,1.3,6.3067,1.17E+01,2028.15,5061,12,Berzelius,1828,0.113,7,
91,Protactinium,Pa,231.036,140,91,91,7,,solid,yes,yes,yes,,,Actinide,,1.5,5.89,1.54E+01,1873.15,4300,14,Hahn and Meitner,1917,,7,
92,Uranium,U,238.029,146,92,92,7,,solid,yes,yes,yes,,,Actinide,,1.38,6.1941,1.90E+01,1405.15,4404,15,Peligot,1841,0.116,7,
93,Neptunium,Np,237,144,93,93,7,,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Actinide,,1.36,6.2657,2.05E+01,913.15,4273,153,McMillan and Abelson,1940,,7,
94,Plutonium,Pu,244,150,94,94,7,,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Actinide,,1.28,6.0262,1.98E+01,913.15,3501,163,Seaborg et al.,1940,,7,
95,Americium,Am,243,148,95,95,7,,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Actinide,,1.3,5.9738,1.37E+01,1267.15,2880,133,Seaborg et al.,1944,,7,
96,Curium,Cm,247,151,96,96,7,,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Actinide,,1.3,5.9915,1.35E+01,1340.15,3383,133,Seaborg et al.,1944,,7,
97,Berkelium,Bk,247,150,97,97,7,,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Actinide,,1.3,6.1979,1.48E+01,1259.15,983,83,Seaborg et al.,1949,,7,
98,Californium,Cf,251,153,98,98,7,,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Actinide,,1.3,6.2817,1.51E+01,1925.15,1173,123,Seaborg et al.,1950,,7,
99,Einsteinium,Es,252,153,99,99,7,,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Actinide,,1.3,6.42,1.35E+01,1133.15,,123,Ghiorso et al.,1952,,7,
100,Fermium,Fm,257,157,100,100,7,,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Actinide,,1.3,6.5,,,,103,Ghiorso et al.,1953,,7,
101,Mendelevium,Md,258,157,101,101,7,,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Actinide,,1.3,6.58,,,,33,Ghiorso et al.,1955,,7,
102,Nobelium,No,259,157,102,102,7,,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Actinide,,1.3,6.65,,,,73,Ghiorso et al.,1958,,7,
103,Lawrencium,Lr,262,159,103,103,7,,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Actinide,,,,,,,203,Ghiorso et al.,1961,,7,
104,Rutherfordium,Rf,261,157,104,104,7,4,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Transactinide,,,,1.81E+01,,,,Ghiorso et al.,1969,,7,
105,Dubnium,Db,262,157,105,105,7,5,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Transactinide,,,,3.90E+01,,,,Ghiorso et al.,1970,,7,
106,Seaborgium,Sg,266,160,106,106,7,6,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Transactinide,,,,3.50E+01,,,,Ghiorso et al.,1974,,7,
107,Bohrium,Bh,264,157,107,107,7,7,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Transactinide,,,,3.70E+01,,,,Armbruster and M<>nzenberg,1981,,7,
108,Hassium,Hs,267,159,108,108,7,8,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Transactinide,,,,4.10E+01,,,,Armbruster and M<>nzenberg,1983,,7,
109,Meitnerium,Mt,268,159,109,109,7,9,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Transactinide,,,,3.50E+01,,,,"GSI, Darmstadt, West Germany",1982,,7,
110,Darmstadtium ,Ds ,271,161,110,110,7,10,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Transactinide,,,,,,,,,1994,,7,
111,Roentgenium ,Rg ,272,161,111,111,7,11,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Transactinide,,,,,,,,,1994,,7,
112,Copernicium ,Cn ,285,173,112,112,7,12,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Transactinide,,,,,,,,,1996,,7,
113,Nihonium,Nh,284,171,113,113,7,13,artificial,yes,,yes,,,,,,,,,,,,2004,,7,3
114,Flerovium,Fl,289,175,114,114,7,14,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Transactinide,,,,,,,,,1999,,7,4
115,Moscovium,Mc,288,173,115,115,7,15,artificial,yes,,yes,,,,,,,,,,,,2010,,7,5
116,Livermorium,Lv,292,176,116,116,7,16,artificial,yes,,yes,,,Transactinide,,,,,,,,,2000,,7,6
117,Tennessine,Ts,295,178,117,117,7,17,artificial,yes,,,yes,,,,,,,,,,,2010,,7,7
118,Oganesson,Og,294,176,118,118,7,18,artificial,yes,,,yes,,Noble Gas,,,,,,,,,2006,,7,8
1 AtomicNumber Element Symbol AtomicMass NumberofNeutrons NumberofProtons NumberofElectrons Period Group Phase Radioactive Natural Metal Nonmetal Metalloid Type AtomicRadius Electronegativity FirstIonization Density MeltingPoint BoilingPoint NumberOfIsotopes Discoverer Year SpecificHeat NumberofShells NumberofValence
2 1 Hydrogen H 1.007 0 1 1 1 1 gas yes yes Nonmetal 0.79 2.2 13.5984 8.99E-05 14.175 20.28 3 Cavendish 1766 14.304 1 1
3 2 Helium He 4.002 2 2 2 1 18 gas yes yes Noble Gas 0.49 24.5874 1.79E-04 4.22 5 Janssen 1868 5.193 1
4 3 Lithium Li 6.941 4 3 3 2 1 solid yes yes Alkali Metal 2.1 0.98 5.3917 5.34E-01 453.85 1615 5 Arfvedson 1817 3.582 2 1
5 4 Beryllium Be 9.012 5 4 4 2 2 solid yes yes Alkaline Earth Metal 1.4 1.57 9.3227 1.85E+00 1560.15 2742 6 Vaulquelin 1798 1.825 2 2
6 5 Boron B 10.811 6 5 5 2 13 solid yes yes Metalloid 1.2 2.04 8.298 2.34E+00 2573.15 4200 6 Gay-Lussac 1808 1.026 2 3
7 6 Carbon C 12.011 6 6 6 2 14 solid yes yes Nonmetal 0.91 2.55 11.2603 2.27E+00 3948.15 4300 7 Prehistoric 0.709 2 4
8 7 Nitrogen N 14.007 7 7 7 2 15 gas yes yes Nonmetal 0.75 3.04 14.5341 1.25E-03 63.29 77.36 8 Rutherford 1772 1.04 2 5
9 8 Oxygen O 15.999 8 8 8 2 16 gas yes yes Nonmetal 0.65 3.44 13.6181 1.43E-03 50.5 90.2 8 Priestley/Scheele 1774 0.918 2 6
10 9 Fluorine F 18.998 10 9 9 2 17 gas yes yes Halogen 0.57 3.98 17.4228 1.70E-03 53.63 85.03 6 Moissan 1886 0.824 2 7
11 10 Neon Ne 20.18 10 10 10 2 18 gas yes yes Noble Gas 0.51 21.5645 9.00E-04 24.703 27.07 8 Ramsay and Travers 1898 1.03 2 8
12 11 Sodium Na 22.99 12 11 11 3 1 solid yes yes Alkali Metal 2.2 0.93 5.1391 9.71E-01 371.15 1156 7 Davy 1807 1.228 3 1
13 12 Magnesium Mg 24.305 12 12 12 3 2 solid yes yes Alkaline Earth Metal 1.7 1.31 7.6462 1.74E+00 923.15 1363 8 Black 1755 1.023 3 2
14 13 Aluminum Al 26.982 14 13 13 3 13 solid yes yes Metal 1.8 1.61 5.9858 2.70E+00 933.4 2792 8 Wshler 1827 0.897 3 3
15 14 Silicon Si 28.086 14 14 14 3 14 solid yes yes Metalloid 1.5 1.9 8.1517 2.33E+00 1683.15 3538 8 Berzelius 1824 0.705 3 4
16 15 Phosphorus P 30.974 16 15 15 3 15 solid yes yes Nonmetal 1.2 2.19 10.4867 1.82E+00 317.25 553 7 BranBrand 1669 0.769 3 5
17 16 Sulfur S 32.065 16 16 16 3 16 solid yes yes Nonmetal 1.1 2.58 10.36 2.07E+00 388.51 717.8 10 Prehistoric 0.71 3 6
18 17 Chlorine Cl 35.453 18 17 17 3 17 gas yes yes Halogen 0.97 3.16 12.9676 3.21E-03 172.31 239.11 11 Scheele 1774 0.479 3 7
19 18 Argon Ar 39.948 22 18 18 3 18 gas yes yes Noble Gas 0.88 15.7596 1.78E-03 83.96 87.3 8 Rayleigh and Ramsay 1894 0.52 3 8
20 19 Potassium K 39.098 20 19 19 4 1 solid yes yes Alkali Metal 2.8 0.82 4.3407 8.62E-01 336.5 1032 10 Davy 1807 0.757 4 1
21 20 Calcium Ca 40.078 20 20 20 4 2 solid yes yes Alkaline Earth Metal 2.2 1 6.1132 1.54E+00 1112.15 1757 14 Davy 1808 0.647 4 2
22 21 Scandium Sc 44.956 24 21 21 4 3 solid yes yes Transition Metal 2.1 1.36 6.5615 2.99E+00 1812.15 3109 15 Nilson 1878 0.568 4
23 22 Titanium Ti 47.867 26 22 22 4 4 solid yes yes Transition Metal 2 1.54 6.8281 4.54E+00 1933.15 3560 9 Gregor 1791 0.523 4
24 23 Vanadium V 50.942 28 23 23 4 5 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.9 1.63 6.7462 6.11E+00 2175.15 3680 9 del Rio 1801 0.489 4
25 24 Chromium Cr 51.996 28 24 24 4 6 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.9 1.66 6.7665 7.15E+00 2130.15 2944 9 Vauquelin 1797 0.449 4
26 25 Manganese Mn 54.938 30 25 25 4 7 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.8 1.55 7.434 7.44E+00 1519.15 2334 11 Gahn, Scheele 1774 0.479 4
27 26 Iron Fe 55.845 30 26 26 4 8 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.7 1.83 7.9024 7.87E+00 1808.15 3134 10 Prehistoric 0.449 4
28 27 Cobalt Co 58.933 32 27 27 4 9 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.7 1.88 7.881 8.86E+00 1768.15 3200 14 Brandt 1735 0.421 4
29 28 Nickel Ni 58.693 31 28 28 4 10 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.6 1.91 7.6398 8.91E+00 1726.15 3186 11 Cronstedt 1751 0.444 4
30 29 Copper Cu 63.546 35 29 29 4 11 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.6 1.9 7.7264 8.96E+00 1357.75 2835 11 Prehistoric 0.385 4
31 30 Zinc Zn 65.38 35 30 30 4 12 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.5 1.65 9.3942 7.13E+00 692.88 1180 15 Prehistoric 0.388 4
32 31 Gallium Ga 69.723 39 31 31 4 13 solid yes yes Metal 1.8 1.81 5.9993 5.91E+00 302.91 2477 14 de Boisbaudran 1875 0.371 4 3
33 32 Germanium Ge 72.64 41 32 32 4 14 solid yes yes Metalloid 1.5 2.01 7.8994 5.32E+00 1211.45 3106 17 Winkler 1886 0.32 4 4
34 33 Arsenic As 74.922 42 33 33 4 15 solid yes yes Metalloid 1.3 2.18 9.7886 5.78E+00 1090.15 887 14 Albertus Magnus 1250 0.329 4 5
35 34 Selenium Se 78.96 45 34 34 4 16 solid yes yes Nonmetal 1.2 2.55 9.7524 4.81E+00 494.15 958 20 Berzelius 1817 0.321 4 6
36 35 Bromine Br 79.904 45 35 35 4 17 liq yes yes Halogen 1.1 2.96 11.8138 3.12E+00 266.05 332 19 Balard 1826 0.474 4 7
37 36 Krypton Kr 83.798 48 36 36 4 18 gas yes yes Noble Gas 1 13.9996 3.73E-03 115.93 119.93 23 Ramsay and Travers 1898 0.248 4 8
38 37 Rubidium Rb 85.468 48 37 37 5 1 solid yes yes Alkali Metal 3 0.82 4.1771 1.53E+00 312.79 961 20 Bunsen and Kirchoff 1861 0.363 5 1
39 38 Strontium Sr 87.62 50 38 38 5 2 solid yes yes Alkaline Earth Metal 2.5 0.95 5.6949 2.64E+00 1042.15 1655 18 Davy 1808 0.301 5 2
40 39 Yttrium Y 88.906 50 39 39 5 3 solid yes yes Transition Metal 2.3 1.22 6.2173 4.47E+00 1799.15 3609 21 Gadolin 1794 0.298 5
41 40 Zirconium Zr 91.224 51 40 40 5 4 solid yes yes Transition Metal 2.2 1.33 6.6339 6.51E+00 2125.15 4682 20 Klaproth 1789 0.278 5
42 41 Niobium Nb 92.906 52 41 41 5 5 solid yes yes Transition Metal 2.1 1.6 6.7589 8.57E+00 2741.15 5017 24 Hatchett 1801 0.265 5
43 42 Molybdenum Mo 95.96 54 42 42 5 6 solid yes yes Transition Metal 2 2.16 7.0924 1.02E+01 2890.15 4912 20 Scheele 1778 0.251 5
44 43 Technetium Tc 98 55 43 43 5 7 artificial yes yes Transition Metal 2 1.9 7.28 1.15E+01 2473.15 5150 23 Perrier and Segr� 1937 5
45 44 Ruthenium Ru 101.07 57 44 44 5 8 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.9 2.2 7.3605 1.24E+01 2523.15 4423 16 Klaus 1844 0.238 5
46 45 Rhodium Rh 102.906 58 45 45 5 9 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.8 2.28 7.4589 1.24E+01 2239.15 3968 20 Wollaston 1803 0.243 5
47 46 Palladium Pd 106.42 60 46 46 5 10 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.8 2.2 8.3369 1.20E+01 1825.15 3236 21 Wollaston 1803 0.244 5
48 47 Silver Ag 107.868 61 47 47 5 11 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.8 1.93 7.5762 1.05E+01 1234.15 2435 27 Prehistoric 0.235 5
49 48 Cadmium Cd 112.411 64 48 48 5 12 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.7 1.69 8.9938 8.69E+00 594.33 1040 22 Stromeyer 1817 0.232 5
50 49 Indium In 114.818 66 49 49 5 13 solid yes yes Metal 2 1.78 5.7864 7.31E+00 429.91 2345 34 Reich and Richter 1863 0.233 5 3
51 50 Tin Sn 118.71 69 50 50 5 14 solid yes yes Metal 1.7 1.96 7.3439 7.29E+00 505.21 2875 28 Prehistoric 0.228 5 4
52 51 Antimony Sb 121.76 71 51 51 5 15 solid yes yes Metalloid 1.5 2.05 8.6084 6.69E+00 904.05 1860 29 Early historic times 0.207 5 5
53 52 Tellurium Te 127.6 76 52 52 5 16 solid yes yes Metalloid 1.4 2.1 9.0096 6.23E+00 722.8 1261 29 von Reichenstein 1782 0.202 5 6
54 53 Iodine I 126.904 74 53 53 5 17 solid yes yes Halogen 1.3 2.66 10.4513 4.93E+00 386.65 457.4 24 Courtois 1811 0.214 5 7
55 54 Xenon Xe 131.293 77 54 54 5 18 gas yes yes Noble Gas 1.2 12.1298 5.89E-03 161.45 165.03 31 Ramsay and Travers 1898 0.158 5 8
56 55 Cesium Cs 132.905 78 55 55 6 1 solid yes yes Alkali Metal 3.3 0.79 3.8939 1.87E+00 301.7 944 22 Bunsen and Kirchoff 1860 0.242 6 1
57 56 Barium Ba 137.327 81 56 56 6 2 solid yes yes Alkaline Earth Metal 2.8 0.89 5.2117 3.59E+00 1002.15 2170 25 Davy 1808 0.204 6 2
58 57 Lanthanum La 138.905 82 57 57 6 3 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.7 1.1 5.5769 6.15E+00 1193.15 3737 19 Mosander 1839 0.195 6
59 58 Cerium Ce 140.116 82 58 58 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.7 1.12 5.5387 6.77E+00 1071.15 3716 19 Berzelius 1803 0.192 6
60 59 Praseodymium Pr 140.908 82 59 59 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.7 1.13 5.473 6.77E+00 1204.15 3793 15 von Welsbach 1885 0.193 6
61 60 Neodymium Nd 144.242 84 60 60 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.6 1.14 5.525 7.01E+00 1289.15 3347 16 von Welsbach 1885 0.19 6
62 61 Promethium Pm 145 84 61 61 6 artificial yes yes Lanthanide 2.6 1.13 5.582 7.26E+00 1204.15 3273 14 Marinsky et al. 1945 6
63 62 Samarium Sm 150.36 88 62 62 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.6 1.17 5.6437 7.52E+00 1345.15 2067 17 Boisbaudran 1879 0.197 6
64 63 Europium Eu 151.964 89 63 63 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.6 1.2 5.6704 5.24E+00 1095.15 1802 21 Demarcay 1901 0.182 6
65 64 Gadolinium Gd 157.25 93 64 64 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.5 1.2 6.1501 7.90E+00 1585.15 3546 17 de Marignac 1880 0.236 6
66 65 Terbium Tb 158.925 94 65 65 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.5 1.2 5.8638 8.23E+00 1630.15 3503 24 Mosander 1843 0.182 6
67 66 Dysprosium Dy 162.5 97 66 66 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.5 1.22 5.9389 8.55E+00 1680.15 2840 21 de Boisbaudran 1886 0.17 6
68 67 Holmium Ho 164.93 98 67 67 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.5 1.23 6.0215 8.80E+00 1743.15 2993 29 Delafontaine and Soret 1878 0.165 6
69 68 Erbium Er 167.259 99 68 68 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.5 1.24 6.1077 9.07E+00 1795.15 3503 16 Mosander 1843 0.168 6
70 69 Thulium Tm 168.934 100 69 69 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.4 1.25 6.1843 9.32E+00 1818.15 2223 18 Cleve 1879 0.16 6
71 70 Ytterbium Yb 173.054 103 70 70 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.4 1.1 6.2542 6.97E+00 1097.15 1469 16 Marignac 1878 0.155 6
72 71 Lutetium Lu 174.967 104 71 71 6 solid yes yes Lanthanide 2.3 1.27 5.4259 9.84E+00 1936.15 3675 22 Urbain/ von Welsbach 1907 0.154 6
73 72 Hafnium Hf 178.49 106 72 72 6 4 solid yes yes Transition Metal 2.2 1.3 6.8251 1.33E+01 2500.15 4876 17 Coster and von Hevesy 1923 0.144 6
74 73 Tantalum Ta 180.948 108 73 73 6 5 solid yes yes Transition Metal 2.1 1.5 7.5496 1.67E+01 3269.15 5731 19 Ekeberg 1801 0.14 6
75 74 Wolfram W 183.84 110 74 74 6 6 solid yes yes Transition Metal 2 2.36 7.864 1.93E+01 3680.15 5828 22 J. and F. d'Elhuyar 1783 0.132 6
76 75 Rhenium Re 186.207 111 75 75 6 7 solid yes yes Transition Metal 2 1.9 7.8335 2.10E+01 3453.15 5869 21 Noddack, Berg, and Tacke 1925 0.137 6
77 76 Osmium Os 190.23 114 76 76 6 8 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.9 2.2 8.4382 2.26E+01 3300.15 5285 19 Tennant 1803 0.13 6
78 77 Iridium Ir 192.217 115 77 77 6 9 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.9 2.2 8.967 2.26E+01 2716.15 4701 25 Tennant 1804 0.131 6
79 78 Platinum Pt 195.084 117 78 78 6 10 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.8 2.28 8.9587 2.15E+01 2045.15 4098 32 Ulloa/Wood 1735 0.133 6
80 79 Gold Au 196.967 118 79 79 6 11 solid yes yes Transition Metal 1.8 2.54 9.2255 1.93E+01 1337.73 3129 21 Prehistoric 0.129 6
81 80 Mercury Hg 200.59 121 80 80 6 12 liq yes yes Transition Metal 1.8 2 10.4375 1.35E+01 234.43 630 26 Prehistoric 0.14 6
82 81 Thallium Tl 204.383 123 81 81 6 13 solid yes yes Metal 2.1 2.04 6.1082 1.19E+01 577.15 1746 28 Crookes 1861 0.129 6 3
83 82 Lead Pb 207.2 125 82 82 6 14 solid yes yes Metal 1.8 2.33 7.4167 1.13E+01 600.75 2022 29 Prehistoric 0.129 6 4
84 83 Bismuth Bi 208.98 126 83 83 6 15 solid yes yes Metal 1.6 2.02 7.2856 9.81E+00 544.67 1837 19 Geoffroy the Younger 1753 0.122 6 5
85 84 Polonium Po 210 126 84 84 6 16 solid yes yes yes Metalloid 1.5 2 8.417 9.32E+00 527.15 1235 34 Curie 1898 6 6
86 85 Astatine At 210 125 85 85 6 17 solid yes yes yes Noble Gas 1.4 2.2 9.3 7.00E+00 575.15 610 21 Corson et al. 1940 6 7
87 86 Radon Rn 222 136 86 86 6 18 gas yes yes yes Alkali Metal 1.3 10.7485 9.73E-03 202.15 211.3 20 Dorn 1900 0.094 6 8
88 87 Francium Fr 223 136 87 87 7 1 solid yes yes yes Alkaline Earth Metal 0.7 4.0727 1.87E+00 300.15 950 21 Perey 1939 7 1
89 88 Radium Ra 226 138 88 88 7 2 solid yes yes yes Actinide 0.9 5.2784 5.50E+00 973.15 2010 15 Pierre and Marie Curie 1898 7 2
90 89 Actinium Ac 227 138 89 89 7 3 solid yes yes yes Actinide 1.1 5.17 1.01E+01 1323.15 3471 11 Debierne/Giesel 1899 0.12 7
91 90 Thorium Th 232.038 142 90 90 7 solid yes yes yes Actinide 1.3 6.3067 1.17E+01 2028.15 5061 12 Berzelius 1828 0.113 7
92 91 Protactinium Pa 231.036 140 91 91 7 solid yes yes yes Actinide 1.5 5.89 1.54E+01 1873.15 4300 14 Hahn and Meitner 1917 7
93 92 Uranium U 238.029 146 92 92 7 solid yes yes yes Actinide 1.38 6.1941 1.90E+01 1405.15 4404 15 Peligot 1841 0.116 7
94 93 Neptunium Np 237 144 93 93 7 artificial yes yes Actinide 1.36 6.2657 2.05E+01 913.15 4273 153 McMillan and Abelson 1940 7
95 94 Plutonium Pu 244 150 94 94 7 artificial yes yes Actinide 1.28 6.0262 1.98E+01 913.15 3501 163 Seaborg et al. 1940 7
96 95 Americium Am 243 148 95 95 7 artificial yes yes Actinide 1.3 5.9738 1.37E+01 1267.15 2880 133 Seaborg et al. 1944 7
97 96 Curium Cm 247 151 96 96 7 artificial yes yes Actinide 1.3 5.9915 1.35E+01 1340.15 3383 133 Seaborg et al. 1944 7
98 97 Berkelium Bk 247 150 97 97 7 artificial yes yes Actinide 1.3 6.1979 1.48E+01 1259.15 983 83 Seaborg et al. 1949 7
99 98 Californium Cf 251 153 98 98 7 artificial yes yes Actinide 1.3 6.2817 1.51E+01 1925.15 1173 123 Seaborg et al. 1950 7
100 99 Einsteinium Es 252 153 99 99 7 artificial yes yes Actinide 1.3 6.42 1.35E+01 1133.15 123 Ghiorso et al. 1952 7
101 100 Fermium Fm 257 157 100 100 7 artificial yes yes Actinide 1.3 6.5 103 Ghiorso et al. 1953 7
102 101 Mendelevium Md 258 157 101 101 7 artificial yes yes Actinide 1.3 6.58 33 Ghiorso et al. 1955 7
103 102 Nobelium No 259 157 102 102 7 artificial yes yes Actinide 1.3 6.65 73 Ghiorso et al. 1958 7
104 103 Lawrencium Lr 262 159 103 103 7 artificial yes yes Actinide 203 Ghiorso et al. 1961 7
105 104 Rutherfordium Rf 261 157 104 104 7 4 artificial yes yes Transactinide 1.81E+01 Ghiorso et al. 1969 7
106 105 Dubnium Db 262 157 105 105 7 5 artificial yes yes Transactinide 3.90E+01 Ghiorso et al. 1970 7
107 106 Seaborgium Sg 266 160 106 106 7 6 artificial yes yes Transactinide 3.50E+01 Ghiorso et al. 1974 7
108 107 Bohrium Bh 264 157 107 107 7 7 artificial yes yes Transactinide 3.70E+01 Armbruster and M�nzenberg 1981 7
109 108 Hassium Hs 267 159 108 108 7 8 artificial yes yes Transactinide 4.10E+01 Armbruster and M�nzenberg 1983 7
110 109 Meitnerium Mt 268 159 109 109 7 9 artificial yes yes Transactinide 3.50E+01 GSI, Darmstadt, West Germany 1982 7
111 110 Darmstadtium Ds 271 161 110 110 7 10 artificial yes yes Transactinide 1994 7
112 111 Roentgenium Rg 272 161 111 111 7 11 artificial yes yes Transactinide 1994 7
113 112 Copernicium Cn 285 173 112 112 7 12 artificial yes yes Transactinide 1996 7
114 113 Nihonium Nh 284 171 113 113 7 13 artificial yes yes 2004 7 3
115 114 Flerovium Fl 289 175 114 114 7 14 artificial yes yes Transactinide 1999 7 4
116 115 Moscovium Mc 288 173 115 115 7 15 artificial yes yes 2010 7 5
117 116 Livermorium Lv 292 176 116 116 7 16 artificial yes yes Transactinide 2000 7 6
118 117 Tennessine Ts 295 178 117 117 7 17 artificial yes yes 2010 7 7
119 118 Oganesson Og 294 176 118 118 7 18 artificial yes yes Noble Gas 2006 7 8