diff --git a/README.org b/README.org index fb77424..d2d5d95 100644 --- a/README.org +++ b/README.org @@ -272,8 +272,12 @@ For volcanism, if we have low volcanism add 2 minerals. If we have medium volcan We then divide the number of minerals into "categories" of minerals to generate. Currently, we pre-filter the mineral list to only abiotic minerals. -1 third of the total minerals, rounded down, are dedicated to the non-negotiable rock-forming minerals of the planet. These can be any rock-forming minerals from the master list that are made up of elements present in the crust. These minerals are weighted by the abundance of their constituent elements, and we randomly select the amount required using this weighting. -Next we subtract a random number from the total mineral count, anywhere from 0 to 3. If this subtraction leaves 0 remaining minerals, skip this step. Otherwise, this selected amount becomes randomly selected native elements or gemstones that are capable of forming given the possible geo-biomes and composition. +1 third of the total minerals, rounded down, are dedicated to the non-negotiable rock-forming minerals of the planet. These can be any rock-forming minerals from the master list that are made up of elements present in the crust. The specific modes permitted here are 5-6, 7-10, 19-21, 24-26, 31, 34, 38-43. +These minerals are weighted by the abundance of their constituent elements, and we randomly select the amount required using this weighting. If the planet is an ice planet, one of these minerals is automatically set to ice. + +Next we subtract a random number from the total mineral count, anywhere from 0 to 3. If this subtraction leaves 0 remaining minerals, skip this step. Otherwise, this selected amount becomes randomly selected "rare" minerals that are capable of forming given the possible geo-biomes and composition. +Rare minerals are minerals that are either native elements, minerals that exist in only 1 mode, have a narrow formation window (modes 29, 30, 54-57, 18), or depend on elements that are scarce in the composition (sort abundance by percent reversed to find these). + And as for what minerals are capable of forming given each geo-biome, the remaining mineral count is divided by all possible geo-biomes on the planet and we determine a number of minerals that can occur per biome. These are based primarily off [[https://www.mindat.org/paragen.php][paragenetic modes]], and filtered to and weighted by the crust composition elements. **** Impact @@ -306,6 +310,113 @@ Mode 34 and 27 can generate in Pegmatitic biomes. **** Magmatic Modes 7-9, 19-20, 27, 35-38 can generate in Magmatic biomes. +*** Surface Biomes +Each chunk has a surface biome randomly chosen from a set derived from the geo-biome. Surface biomes are different for terrestrial, metallic, and ice worlds as opposed to water worlds. + +These biomes also determine the sorts of surface features that can generate within the chunk. For water worlds, these are submarine. + +**** Terrestrial, Metallic, Ice +***** Primordial +****** Ancient Highlands +The planet's original, battered crust. Heavy cratering, rugged landscape. +****** Impact Basin +A single vast circular depression from a massive impact, with concentric rings and a flat floor. +***** Magmatic +****** Shield Volcano +A broad, gently sloping mountain. +****** Stratovolcano +A classic volcano built from alternating layers of lava and ash. +****** Volcanic Plateau +An elevated plain formed by thick layers of lava that flooded from fissures, creating flat top mountains. +****** Lava Plain +A flat terrain covered by young lava flows. +***** Pegmatitic +****** Pegmatite DIke Swarm +A network of mineral veins cutting through old rock, marked by large protruding crystals. +****** Granitic Core Complex +The exposed, deep interior of a solidifed magma chamber, showing large crystals. +***** Fumarolic +****** Fumarole Field +A rugged area pockmarked by gas vents and brightly coloured mineral crusts. +****** Solfatara +A type of fumarole field creating extensive sulfar deposits. +***** Hydrothermal +Temperature is irrelevant for surface biome generation. +****** Geyser Basin +A volatile area of hot springs, geysers, and mineral terraces. +****** Epithermal Vein Field +A rocky landscape crisscrossed by prominent mineral veins. +***** Sedimentary +****** Alluvial Fan +A fan-shaped deposit of sediment where a steep stream slows upon entering a flat plain. +****** Fluvial Channel +The active or fossilized path of a river system. +****** Lacustrine Basin +A dry or wet lakebed with fine layered sediments. +****** Aeolian Dune Field +A desert of sand and other grains sculpted by wind into rolling dunes. +***** Metamorphic +****** Collisional Mountain Belt +A linear range of high, folded, and faulted mountains. +****** Metamorphic Dome +A large, rounded uplift. +***** Supergene +****** Gossan Cap +A hilltop marking the weathered top of a large ore deposit. +****** Lateritic Plateau +A tableland capped by a thick, hard layer of iron or aluminium oxides. +***** Impact +****** Complex Crater +A large crater with a central peak or peak ring. +****** Rayed Crater +A relatively fresh impact crater with bright, linear streaks of ejecta. +****** Palimpsest +A fait, ghost-like circular scar where an ancient crater's topography has been erased over time. +**** Water Worlds +***** Primordial +****** Abyssal Plain +Deep, dark sediment-covered ocean floor. +****** Seamount Province +Isolated, often conical underwater mountains. Remnants of ancient volcanic activity. +***** Magmatic +****** Submarine Volcano +An active volcano built on the ocean floor. +****** Oceanic Plateau +A vast, elevated region of the seafloor formed by massive outpourings of lava. +****** Pillow Lava Field +Expansive areas of the seafloor covered in characteristic bulbous pillow lava formations. +***** Pegmatitic +****** Subaqueous Pegmatite Still +A rare layer of crystals formed beneath the seabad, exposed by erosion. +***** Fumarolic +****** Submarine Fumarole Field +Gas vents on the seafloor. +****** Shallow Water Gas Vent Plume Zone +Areas where bouyant gas plumes rise through the water column, creating columns of bubbles and mineral sediment. +***** Hydrothermal +****** Deep-sea Vent Field +Cluster of black smoker or white smoke chimneys on the seafloor. +****** Hydrothermal Mound Complex +Large, layered deposits of minerals built up from long-lived venting. +****** Shallow Hydrothermal System +Venting mineral precipitation and unique chemistry in shelf-sea environments. +***** Sedimentary +****** Submarine Fan +A large, fan-shaped accumulation of sediment. +****** Pelagic Sediment Plain +Vast, flat areas of the deep ocean covered by slow, continuous rain of fine clay. +***** Metamorphic +****** Subduction Complex +A region of intensely deformed, mixed, and metamorphosed rocks on the seafloor. +****** Oceanic Core Complex +A dome-like exposure of deep mantle and crustal rocks. +***** Supergene +****** Seafloor Weathering Crust +A layer of enriched rock at shallow depths. +***** Impact +****** Submarine Impact Crater +A circular impact structure on the ocean floor. + ** Limitations - Elemental abundances are fully random beyond the top 10. - Non-unary system generation is not implemented because I don't want to write the orbit math for it. diff --git a/minerals.csv b/minerals.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f5e3b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/minerals.csv @@ -0,0 +1,6189 @@ +"Mineral Name","Mineral Name (plain)","Valence Chemistry","IMA Chemistry","Valence Chemistry (concise)","IMA Chemistry (concise)","Chemistry Elements","IMA Number","RRUFF IDs","Database ID","Structural Groupname","Crystal Systems","Space Groups","Valence Elements","IMA Mineral Symbol","Paragenetic Modes","Native Element" +"Abellaite","Abellaite","NaPb2+2(CO3)2(OH)","NaPb2(CO3)2(OH)","NaPb_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)","NaPb^2+^_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)","Na Pb C O H","IMA2014-111"," ",6482,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P31c, P63mc","Na Pb^2+ C O H","Abe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Abelloemringerite","Abelloemringerite","Cu2+2Pb2+2Mn3+Mn4+3O11(OH)(H2O)2·H2O","Cu2Pb2Mn3+Mn4+3O11(OH)(H2O)2·H2O","Cu_2_Pb_2_Mn^3+^Mn^4+^_3_O_11_(OH)(H_2_O)_2_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_Pb^2+^_2_Mn^3+^Mn^4+^_3_O_11_(OH)(H_2_O)_2_·H_2_O","Cu Pb Mn O H","IMA2025-036"," ",7598,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Imma","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Mn^3+ Mn^4+ O H","Abem",,"No" +"Abelsonite","Abelsonite","Ni2+C31H32N4","NiC31H32N4","NiC_31_H_32_N_4_","Ni^2+^C_31_H_32_N_4_","Ni C H N","IMA1975-013"," ",777,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ni^2+ C H N","Abl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Abenakiite-(Ce)","Abenakiite-(Ce)","Na26Ce3+6(SiO3)6(PO4)6(CO3)6(S4+O2)O","Na26Ce6(Si6O18)(PO4)6(CO3)6(SO2)O","Na_26_Ce_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(PO_4_)_6_(CO_3_)_6_(SO_2_)O","Na_26_Ce^3+^_6_(SiO_3_)_6_(PO_4_)_6_(CO_3_)_6_(S^4+^O_2_)O","Na Ce Si O P C S","IMA1991-054"," ",778,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3","Na Ce^3+ Si O P C S^4+","Abk-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Abernathyite","Abernathyite","K(U6+O2)As5+O4·3H2O","K(UO2)(AsO4)·3H2O","K(UO_2_)(AsO_4_)·3H_2_O","K(U^6+^O_2_)As^5+^O_4_·3H_2_O","K U O As H"," "," ",779,"Natroautunite","tetragonal","P4/nmm, P4/ncc","K U^6+ O As^5+ H","Abn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Abhurite","Abhurite","Sn2+21O6(OH)14Cl16","Sn2+21O6(OH)14Cl16","Sn^2+^_21_O_6_(OH)_14_Cl_16_","Sn^2+^_21_O_6_(OH)_14_Cl_16_","Sn O H Cl","IMA1983-061"," ",780,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R32","Sn^2+ O H Cl","Abh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Abramovite","Abramovite","Pb2+2Sn4+In3+Bi3+S2-7","Pb2SnInBiS7","Pb_2_SnInBiS_7_","Pb^2+^_2_Sn^4+^In^3+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_7_","Pb Sn In Bi S","IMA2006-016"," ",5327,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Sn^4+ In^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Abm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals","No" +"Abswurmbachite","Abswurmbachite","Cu2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)","Cu2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)","Cu^2+^Mn^3+^_6_O_8_(SiO_4_)","Cu^2+^Mn^3+^_6_O_8_(SiO_4_)","Cu Mn O Si","IMA1990-007"," ",781,"Braunite","tetragonal","I41/acd","Cu^2+ Mn^3+ O Si","Abs","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Abuite","Abuite","CaAl2(PO4)2F2","CaAl2(PO4)2F2","CaAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_","CaAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_","Ca Al P O F","IMA2014-084"," ",6382,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","P212121","Ca Al P O F","Abu","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Acanthite","Acanthite","Ag1+2S2-","Ag2S","Ag_2_S","Ag^1+^_2_S^2-^","Ag S"," "," ",782,"Acanthite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ S^2-","Aca","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Acetamide","Acetamide","CH3CONH2","CH3CONH2","CH_3_CONH_2_","CH_3_CONH_2_","C H O N","IMA1974-039"," ",783,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3c","C H O N","Ace","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Achalaite","Achalaite","Fe2+Ti4+Nb5+2O8","Fe2+TiNb2O8","Fe^2+^TiNb_2_O_8_","Fe^2+^Ti^4+^Nb^5+^_2_O_8_","Fe Ti Nb O","IMA2013-103"," ",6262,"Columbite","monoclinic","C2/c","Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O","Ahl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Achávalite","Achavalite","FeSe","FeSe","FeSe","FeSe","Fe Se"," "," ",5363,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63mc, P63/mmc","Fe Se","Ahv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Achyrophanite","Achyrophanite","(K,Na)3(Fe3+,Ti4+,Al,Mg)5O2(As5+O4)5","(K,Na)3(Fe3+,Ti,Al,Mg)5O2(AsO4)5","(K,Na)_3_(Fe^3+^,Ti,Al,Mg)_5_O_2_(AsO_4_)_5_","(K,Na)_3_(Fe^3+^,Ti^4+^,Al,Mg)_5_O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_5_","K Na Fe Ti Al Mg O As","IMA2018-011"," ",6754,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","P2221","K Na Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Al Mg O As^5+","Aph","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Acmonidesite","Acmonidesite","(N3-H4,K,Pb2+,Na)9Fe2+4(S6+O4)5Cl8","(NH4,K,Pb,Na)9Fe2+4(SO4)5Cl8","(NH_4_,K,Pb,Na)_9_Fe^2+^_4_(SO_4_)_5_Cl_8_","(N^3-^H_4_,K,Pb^2+^,Na)_9_Fe^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_Cl_8_","N H K Pb Na Fe S O Cl","IMA2013-068"," ",6229,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","C2221","N^3- H K Pb^2+ Na Fe^2+ S^6+ O Cl","Acm","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Actinolite","Actinolite","Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2","☐Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Ca_2_(Mg_4.5-2.5_Fe^2+^_0.5-2.5_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Ca_2_(Mg_4.5-2.5_Fe^2+^_0.5-2.5_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Ca Mg Fe Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",784,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mg Fe^2+ Si O H","Act","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Acuminite","Acuminite","SrAlF4(OH)·H2O","SrAlF4(OH)·H2O","SrAlF_4_(OH)·H_2_O","SrAlF_4_(OH)·H_2_O","Sr Al F O H","IMA1986-038"," ",785,"Tikhonenkovite","monoclinic","C2/c","Sr Al F O H","Acu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Adachiite","Adachiite","CaFe2+3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","CaFe2+3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","CaFe^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_5_AlO_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","CaFe^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_5_AlO_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","Ca Fe Al Si O B H","IMA2012-101"," ",6164,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O B H","Adc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Adamite","Adamite","Zn2+2As5+O4(OH)","Zn2(AsO4)(OH)","Zn_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)","Zn^2+^_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Zn As O H"," "," ",786,"Andalusite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Ad","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Adamsite-(Y)","Adamsite-(Y)","NaY(CO3)2·6H2O","NaY(CO3)2·6H2O","NaY(CO_3_)_2_·6H_2_O","NaY(CO_3_)_2_·6H_2_O","Na Y C O H","IMA1999-020"," ",787,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1, P1","Na Y C O H","Ads-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Adanite","Adanite","Pb2+2(Te4+O3)(S6+O4)","Pb2(Te4+O3)(SO4)","Pb_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)(SO_4_)","Pb^2+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)(S^6+^O_4_)","Pb Te O S","IMA2019-088"," ",6938," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Te^4+ O S^6+","Adn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Addibischoffite","Addibischoffite","Ca2Al6Al6O20","Ca2Al6Al6O20","Ca_2_Al_6_Al_6_O_20_","Ca_2_Al_6_Al_6_O_20_","Ca Al O","IMA2015-006"," ",6412,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Ca Al O","Add","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Adelite","Adelite","CaMgAs5+O4(OH)","CaMg(AsO4)(OH)","CaMg(AsO_4_)(OH)","CaMgAs^5+^O_4_(OH)","Ca Mg As O H"," "," ",788,"Adelite","orthorhombic","P212121","Ca Mg As^5+ O H","Ade","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Admontite","Admontite","MgB6O10·7H2O","MgB6O10·7H2O","MgB_6_O_10_·7H_2_O","MgB_6_O_10_·7H_2_O","Mg B O H","IMA1978-012"," ",789,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg B O H","Amt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Adolfpateraite","Adolfpateraite","K(U6+O2)(S6+O4)(OH)(H2O)","K(UO2)(SO4)(OH)(H2O)","K(UO_2_)(SO_4_)(OH)(H_2_O)","K(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)(H_2_O)","K U O S H","IMA2011-042"," ",5970,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","K U^6+ O S^6+ H","Adp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Adranosite","Adranosite","(N3-H4)4NaAl2(S6+O4)4Cl(OH)2","(NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2","(NH_4_)_4_NaAl_2_(SO_4_)_4_Cl(OH)_2_","(N^3-^H_4_)_4_NaAl_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_Cl(OH)_2_","N H Na Al S O Cl","IMA2008-057"," ",5717,"Adranosite","tetragonal","I41/acd","N^3- H Na Al S^6+ O Cl","Arn","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Adranosite-(Fe)","Adranosite-(Fe)","(N3-H4)4NaFe3+2(S6+O4)4Cl(OH)2","(NH4)4NaFe2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2","(NH_4_)_4_NaFe_2_(SO_4_)_4_Cl(OH)_2_","(N^3-^H_4_)_4_NaFe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_Cl(OH)_2_","N H Na Fe S O Cl","IMA2011-006"," ",5936,"Adranosite","tetragonal","I41/acd","N^3- H Na Fe^3+ S^6+ O Cl","Arn-Fe","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Adrianite","Adrianite","Ca12(Al4Mg3Si7)O32Cl6","Ca12(Al4Mg3Si7)O32Cl6","Ca_12_(Al_4_Mg_3_Si_7_)O_32_Cl_6_","Ca_12_(Al_4_Mg_3_Si_7_)O_32_Cl_6_","Ca Al Mg Si O Cl","IMA2014-028"," ",6322," ","cubic","I43d","Ca Al Mg Si O Cl","Adt","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Aegirine","Aegirine","NaFe3+Si2O6","NaFe3+Si2O6","NaFe^3+^Si_2_O_6_","NaFe^3+^Si_2_O_6_","Na Fe Si O","IMA1998 s.p."," ",790,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Fe^3+ Si O","Aeg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Aegirine-augite","Aegirine-augite","(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6","(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6","(Ca,Na)(Fe^3+^,Mg,Fe^2+^)Si_2_O_6_","(Ca,Na)(Fe^3+^,Mg,Fe^2+^)Si_2_O_6_","Ca Na Fe Mg Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",4919,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Na Fe^3+ Mg Fe^2+ Si O","Aeg-Aug","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Aenigmatite","Aenigmatite","Na4(Fe2+10Ti4+2)O4[Si12O36]","Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]","Na_4_[Fe^2+^_10_Ti_2_]O_4_[Si_12_O_36_]","Na_4_(Fe^2+^_10_Ti^4+^_2_)O_4_[Si_12_O_36_]","Na Fe Ti O Si","IMA1967 s.p."," ",791,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Na Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O Si","Aen","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Aerinite","Aerinite","(Ca,Na)6(Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg,Al)4(Al,Mg)6Si12O36(OH)12(CO3)·12H2O","(Ca,Na)6(Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg,Al)4(Al,Mg)6Si12O36(OH)12(CO3)·12H2O","(Ca,Na)_6_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Mg,Al)_4_(Al,Mg)_6_Si_12_O_36_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·12H_2_O","(Ca,Na)_6_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Mg,Al)_4_(Al,Mg)_6_Si_12_O_36_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·12H_2_O","Ca Na Fe Mg Al Si O H C","IMA1988 s.p."," ",792,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P3c1","Ca Na Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Mg Al Si O H C","Aer","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Aerugite","Aerugite","Ni2+8.5(As5+O4)2As5+O8","Ni8.5(AsO4)2As5+O8","Ni_8.5_(AsO_4_)_2_As^5+^O_8_","Ni^2+^_8.5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_As^5+^O_8_","Ni As O","IMA1965 s.p."," ",4876,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3m","Ni^2+ As^5+ O","Aru","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Aeschynite-(Ce)","Aeschynite-(Ce)","Ce3+(Ti4+Nb5+)O6","Ce(TiNb)O6","Ce(TiNb)O_6_","Ce^3+^(Ti^4+^Nb^5+^)O_6_","Ce Ti Nb O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",793,"Aeschynite","orthorhombic",,"Ce^3+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O","Aes-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Aeschynite-(Nd)","Aeschynite-(Nd)","Nd(Ti4+Nb5+)O6","Nd(TiNb)O6","Nd(TiNb)O_6_","Nd(Ti^4+^Nb^5+^)O_6_","Nd Ti Nb O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",794,"Aeschynite","orthorhombic","Pbmn, Pncm","Nd Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O","Aes-Nd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Aeschynite-(Y)","Aeschynite-(Y)","Y(Ti4+Nb5+)O6","Y(TiNb)O6","Y(TiNb)O_6_","Y(Ti^4+^Nb^5+^)O_6_","Y Ti Nb O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",795,"Aeschynite","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Y Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O","Aes-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Afghanite","Afghanite","(Na,K)22Ca10(Si24Al24)O96(S6+O4)6Cl6","(Na,K)22Ca10(Si24Al24)O96(SO4)6Cl6","(Na,K)_22_Ca_10_(Si_24_Al_24_)O_96_(SO_4_)_6_Cl_6_","(Na,K)_22_Ca_10_(Si_24_Al_24_)O_96_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_Cl_6_","Na K Ca Si Al O S Cl","IMA1967-041"," ",796,"Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P31c","Na K Ca Si Al O S^6+ Cl","Afg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Afmite","Afmite","Al3(OH)4(H2O)3(PO4)(PO3OH)·H2O","Al3(OH)4(H2O)3(PO4)(PO3OH)·H2O","Al_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)·H_2_O","Al_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)·H_2_O","Al O H P","IMA2005-025a"," ",5844," ","triclinic","P1","Al O H P","Afm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Afwillite","Afwillite","Ca3(SiO4)(SiO2(OH)2)·2H2O","Ca3[SiO4][SiO2(OH)2]·2H2O","Ca_3_[SiO_4_][SiO_2_(OH)_2_]·2H_2_O","Ca_3_(SiO_4_)(SiO_2_(OH)_2_)·2H_2_O","Ca Si O H"," "," ",797,"Spurrite-Afwillite","monoclinic, triclinic","Cc, P1","Ca Si O H","Afw","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Agaite","Agaite","Pb2+3Cu2+Te6+O5(OH)2(CO3)","Pb3Cu2+Te6+O5(OH)2(CO3)","Pb_3_Cu^2+^Te^6+^O_5_(OH)_2_(CO_3_)","Pb^2+^_3_Cu^2+^Te^6+^O_5_(OH)_2_(CO_3_)","Pb Cu Te O H C","IMA2011-115"," ",6058,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pca21","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H C","Aga","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Agakhanovite-(Y)","Agakhanovite-(Y)","YCa☐2KBe3Si12O30","YCa☐2KBe3Si12O30","YCa[box]_2_KBe_3_Si_12_O_30_","YCa[box]_2_KBe_3_Si_12_O_30_","Y Ca K Be Si O","IMA2013-090"," ",6248,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","Y Ca K Be Si O","Agk-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Agardite-(Ce)","Agardite-(Ce)","Cu2+6Ce3+(As5+O4)3(OH)6·3H2O","CeCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","CeCu^2+^_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_Ce^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ce Cu As O H","IMA2003-030"," ",799,"Mixite","hexagonal","P63/m","Cu^2+ Ce^3+ As^5+ O H","Agr-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Agardite-(La)","Agardite-(La)","Cu2+6La3+(As5+O4)3(OH)6·3H2O","LaCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","LaCu^2+^_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_La^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","La Cu As O H","IMA1980-092"," ",801,"Mixite","hexagonal","P63/m","Cu^2+ La^3+ As^5+ O H","Agr-La","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Agardite-(Nd)","Agardite-(Nd)","Cu2+6Nd(As5+O4)3(OH)6·3H2O","NdCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","NdCu^2+^_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_Nd(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Nd Cu As O H","IMA2010-056"," ",802,"Mixite","hexagonal","P63/m","Cu^2+ Nd As^5+ O H","Agr-Nd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Agardite-(Y)","Agardite-(Y)","Cu2+6Y(As5+O4)3(OH)6·3H2O","YCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","YCu^2+^_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_Y(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Y Cu As O H","IMA1968-021, IMA1987 s.p."," ",803,"Mixite","hexagonal","P63/m","Cu^2+ Y As^5+ O H","Agr-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Agmantinite","Agmantinite","Ag1+2Mn2+Sn4+S2-4","Ag2MnSnS4","Ag_2_MnSnS_4_","Ag^1+^_2_Mn^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_4_","Ag Mn Sn S","IMA2014-083"," ",6381,"Wurtzite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","Pn, P21nm","Ag^1+ Mn^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Agm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Agrellite","Agrellite","NaCa2Si4O10F","NaCa2Si4O10F","NaCa_2_Si_4_O_10_F","NaCa_2_Si_4_O_10_F","Na Ca Si O F","IMA1973-032"," ",804,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Si O F","Are","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Agricolaite","Agricolaite","K4(U6+O2)(CO3)3","K4(UO2)(CO3)3","K_4_(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_","K_4_(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_","K U O C","IMA2009-081"," ",5810,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","K U^6+ O C","Agc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Agrinierite","Agrinierite","K2Ca[(U6+O2)3O3(OH)2]2·5H2O","K2Ca[(UO2)3O3(OH)2]2·5H2O","K_2_Ca[(UO_2_)_3_O_3_(OH)_2_]_2_·5H_2_O","K_2_Ca[(U^6+^O_2_)_3_O_3_(OH)_2_]_2_·5H_2_O","K Ca U O H","IMA1971-046"," ",805,"Compreignacite","orthorhombic","F2mm","K Ca U^6+ O H","Agn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Aguilarite","Aguilarite","Ag1+4Se2-S2-","Ag4SeS","Ag_4_SeS","Ag^1+^_4_Se^2-^S^2-^","Ag Se S"," "," ",806,"Acanthite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","P212121, P21/n","Ag^1+ Se^2- S^2-","Agu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Aheylite","Aheylite","Fe2+Al6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O","Fe2+Al6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O","Fe^2+^Al_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O","Fe^2+^Al_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O","Fe Al P O H","IMA1984-036"," ",807,"Turquoise","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Al P O H","Ahe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ahlfeldite","Ahlfeldite","Ni2+Se4+O3·2H2O","Ni(SeO3)·2H2O","Ni(SeO_3_)·2H_2_O","Ni^2+^Se^4+^O_3_·2H_2_O","Ni Se O H"," "," ",808,"Cobaltomenite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ni^2+ Se^4+ O H","Afe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ahrensite","Ahrensite","SiFe2+2O4","SiFe2O4","SiFe_2_O_4_","SiFe^2+^_2_O_4_","Si Fe O","IMA2013-028"," ",6189,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Si Fe^2+ O","Ahr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Aikinite","Aikinite","Cu1+Pb2+Bi3+S2-3","CuPbBiS3","CuPbBiS_3_","Cu^1+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_3_","Cu Pb Bi S"," "," ",809,"Meneghinite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Aik","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Aiolosite","Aiolosite","Na2(Na2Bi3+)(S6+O4)3Cl","Na2(Na2Bi)(SO4)3Cl","Na_2_(Na_2_Bi)(SO_4_)_3_Cl","Na_2_(Na_2_Bi^3+^)(S^6+^O_4_)_3_Cl","Na Bi S O Cl","IMA2008-015"," ",5674,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Na Bi^3+ S^6+ O Cl","Aio","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Airdite","Airdite","Sr(V4+O)2(PO4)2·4H2O","Sr(V4+O)2(PO4)2·4H2O","Sr(V^4+^O)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Sr(V^4+^O)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Sr V O P H","IMA2020-046"," ",7052," ","monoclinic","Cc","Sr V^4+ O P H","Air","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ajoite","Ajoite","K3Cu2+20Al3Si29O76(OH)16·8H2O","K3Cu2+20Al3Si29O76(OH)16·8H2O","K_3_Cu^2+^_20_Al_3_Si_29_O_76_(OH)_16_·8H_2_O","K_3_Cu^2+^_20_Al_3_Si_29_O_76_(OH)_16_·8H_2_O","K Cu Al Si O H"," "," ",810,"Ajoite","triclinic","P1","K Cu^2+ Al Si O H","Aj","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Akaganeite","Akaganeite","(Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25·nH2O","(Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25·nH2O","(Fe^3+^,Ni^2+^)_8_(OH,O)_16_Cl_1.25_·nH_2_O","(Fe^3+^,Ni^2+^)_8_(OH,O)_16_Cl_1.25_·nH_2_O","Fe Ni O H Cl","IMA1962-004"," ",811,"Coronadite","monoclinic, tetragonal","I2/m, I4/m, C2/m","Fe^3+ Ni^2+ O H Cl","Akg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Akaogiite","Akaogiite","Ti4+O2","TiO2","TiO_2_","Ti^4+^O_2_","Ti O","IMA2007-058"," ",5657,"Baddeleyite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ti^4+ O","Aka","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals","No" +"Akasakaite-(Ce)","Akasakaite-(Ce)","CaCe3+(Al2Mn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaCe(Al2Mn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaCe(Al_2_Mn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","CaCe^3+^(Al_2_Mn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Ce Al Mn Si O H","IMA2025-001"," ",7567,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Ce^3+ Al Mn^2+ Si O H","Ak-Ce",,"No" +"Akasakaite-(La)","Akasakaite-(La)","CaLa(Al2Mn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaLa(Al2Mn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaLa(Al_2_Mn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","CaLa(Al_2_Mn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca La Al Mn Si O H","IMA2025-002"," ",7569,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca La Al Mn^2+ Si O H","Ak-La",,"No" +"Akatoreite","Akatoreite","Mn2+9Al2Si8O24(OH)8","Mn2+9Al2Si8O24(OH)8","Mn^2+^_9_Al_2_Si_8_O_24_(OH)_8_","Mn^2+^_9_Al_2_Si_8_O_24_(OH)_8_","Mn Al Si O H","IMA1969-015"," ",812,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Al Si O H","Akt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Akdalaite","Akdalaite","Al5O7(OH)","Al5O7(OH)","Al_5_O_7_(OH)","Al_5_O_7_(OH)","Al O H","IMA1969-002"," ",813,"Nolanite","hexagonal, orthorhombic","P63mc, Cmc21, P31c","Al O H","Akd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Åkermanite","Akermanite","Ca2MgSi2O7","Ca2MgSi2O7","Ca_2_MgSi_2_O_7_","Ca_2_MgSi_2_O_7_","Ca Mg Si O"," "," ",814,"Melilite","tetragonal","P421m","Ca Mg Si O","Åk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Akhtenskite","Akhtenskite","Mn4+O2","MnO2","MnO_2_","Mn^4+^O_2_","Mn O","IMA1982-072"," ",815,"Feroxyhyte","hexagonal","P63mc","Mn^4+ O","Akh","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Akimotoite","Akimotoite","MgSiO3","MgSiO3","MgSiO_3_","MgSiO_3_","Mg Si O","IMA1997-044"," ",816,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3","Mg Si O","Aki","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Aklimaite","Aklimaite","Ca4[Si2O5(OH)2](OH)4·5H2O","Ca4[Si2O5(OH)2](OH)4·5H2O","Ca_4_[Si_2_O_5_(OH)_2_](OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Ca_4_[Si_2_O_5_(OH)_2_](OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Ca Si O H","IMA2011-050"," ",5978,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Si O H","Akm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Akopovaite","Akopovaite","Al4Li2(OH)12(CO3)(H2O)3","Al4Li2(OH)12(CO3)(H2O)3","Al_4_Li_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)(H_2_O)_3_","Al_4_Li_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)(H_2_O)_3_","Al Li O H C","IMA2018-095"," ",6825,"Hydrotalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Al Li O H C","Av","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Akrochordite","Akrochordite","Mn2+Mn2+2Mn2+2(As5+O4)2(OH)4(H2O)4","MnMn2Mn2(AsO4)2(OH)4(H2O)4","MnMn_2_Mn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_4_","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_Mn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_4_","Mn As O H"," "," ",817,"Akrochordite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Akr","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Aksaite","Aksaite","MgB6O7(OH)6·2H2O","MgB6O7(OH)6·2H2O","MgB_6_O_7_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","MgB_6_O_7_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Mg B O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",818,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbca","Mg B O H","Aks","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Aktashite","Aktashite","Cu1+6Hg2+3As3+4S2-12","Cu6Hg3As4S12","Cu_6_Hg_3_As_4_S_12_","Cu^1+^_6_Hg^2+^_3_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_12_","Cu Hg As S","IMA2008 s.p."," ",819,"Nowackiite","hexagonal","R3","Cu^1+ Hg^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Ats","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Alabandite","Alabandite","Mn2+S2-","MnS","MnS","Mn^2+^S^2-^","Mn S"," "," ",820,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Mn^2+ S^2-","Abd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Alacránite","Alacranite","As8S9","As8S9","As_8_S_9_","As_8_S_9_","As S","IMA1985-033"," ",821,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P2/c","As S","Acr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Alamosite","Alamosite","Pb2+SiO3","PbSiO3","PbSiO_3_","Pb^2+^SiO_3_","Pb Si O"," "," ",822,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P2/n","Pb^2+ Si O","Aam","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Alarsite","Alarsite","AlAs5+O4","Al(AsO4)","Al(AsO_4_)","AlAs^5+^O_4_","Al As O","IMA1993-003"," ",823,"Quartz","hexagonal","P3121","Al As^5+ O","Ars","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Albertiniite","Albertiniite","Fe2+(S4+O3)·3H2O","Fe2+(SO3)·3H2O","Fe^2+^(SO_3_)·3H_2_O","Fe^2+^(S^4+^O_3_)·3H_2_O","Fe S O H","IMA2015-004"," ",6410,"Albertiniite","monoclinic","P21/n","Fe^2+ S^4+ O H","Abt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Albite","Albite","NaAlSi3O8","Na(AlSi3O8)","Na(AlSi_3_O_8_)","NaAlSi_3_O_8_","Na Al Si O"," "," ",824,"Feldspar","triclinic, monoclinic","C1, C2/m","Na Al Si O","Ab","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM43 - Shear-induced minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Albrechtschraufite","Albrechtschraufite","Ca4Mg(U6+O2)2(CO3)6F2·17H2O","MgCa4F2[UO2(CO3)3]2·17-18H2O","MgCa_4_F_2_[UO_2_(CO_3_)_3_]_2_·17-18H_2_O","Ca_4_Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(CO_3_)_6_F_2_·17H_2_O","Mg Ca F U O C H","IMA1983-078"," ",825,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg U^6+ O C F H","Asf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Alburnite","Alburnite","Ag1+8GeTe2-2S2-4","Ag8GeTe2S4","Ag_8_GeTe_2_S_4_","Ag^1+^_8_GeTe^2-^_2_S^2-^_4_","Ag Ge Te S","IMA2012-073"," ",6132,"Argyrodite","cubic","F43m","Ag^1+ Ge Te^2- S^2-","Alb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Alcantarillaite","Alcantarillaite","[Fe3+0.5(H2O)4][CaAs3+2(Fe3+2.5W6+0.5)(As5+O4)2O7]","[Fe3+0.5(H2O)4][CaAs3+2(Fe3+2.5W6+0.5)(AsO4)2O7]","[Fe^3+^_0.5_(H_2_O)_4_][CaAs^3+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2.5_W^6+^_0.5_)(AsO_4_)_2_O_7_]","[Fe^3+^_0.5_(H_2_O)_4_][CaAs^3+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2.5_W^6+^_0.5_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_O_7_]","Fe H O Ca As W","IMA2019-072"," ",6954,"Walentaite","orthorhombic","Imma","Fe^3+ H O Ca As^3+ W^6+ As^5+","Alc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Alcaparrosaite","Alcaparrosaite","K3Ti4+Fe3+(S6+O4)4O·2H2O","K3Ti4+Fe3+(SO4)4O(H2O)2","K_3_Ti^4+^Fe^3+^(SO_4_)_4_O(H_2_O)_2_","K_3_Ti^4+^Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_4_O·2H_2_O","K Ti Fe S O H","IMA2011-024"," ",5952,"Alcaparrosaite","monoclinic","C2/c","K Ti^4+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Apr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Aldermanite","Aldermanite","[Mg(H2O)6][Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2(OH)6]·H2O","[Mg(H2O)6][Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2(OH)6]·H2O","[Mg(H_2_O)_6_][Na(H_2_O)_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_]·H_2_O","[Mg(H_2_O)_6_][Na(H_2_O)_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_]·H_2_O","Mg H O Na Al P","IMA1980-044, IMA2020-I, IMA2021"," ",826,"Aldermanite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","P21/c","Mg H O Na Al P","Adm","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Aldomarinoite","Aldomarinoite","Sr2Mn3+(As5+O4)2(OH)","Sr2Mn3+(AsO4)2(OH)","Sr_2_Mn^3+^(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)","Sr_2_Mn^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)","Sr Mn As O H","IMA2021-054"," ",7160,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Sr Mn^3+ As^5+ O H","Aldm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Aldridgeite","Aldridgeite","(Cd2+,Ca)(Cu2+,Zn2+)4(S6+O4)2(OH)6·3H2O","(Cd,Ca)(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O","(Cd,Ca)(Cu,Zn)_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","(Cd^2+^,Ca)(Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cd Ca Cu Zn S O H","IMA2010-029"," ",5856,"Devilline","monoclinic","C2/c","Cd^2+ Ca Cu^2+ Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Adg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Aleksandrovite","Aleksandrovite","KCa7Sn4+2Li3Si12O36F2","KCa7Sn2Li3Si12O36F2","KCa_7_Sn_2_Li_3_Si_12_O_36_F_2_","KCa_7_Sn^4+^_2_Li_3_Si_12_O_36_F_2_","K Ca Sn Li Si O F","IMA2009-004"," ",5736,"Baratovite","monoclinic","C2/c","K Ca Sn^4+ Li Si O F","Asd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Aleksite","Aleksite","Pb2+Bi3+2Te2-2S2-2","PbBi2Te2S2","PbBi_2_Te_2_S_2_","Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_2_Te^2-^_2_S^2-^_2_","Pb Bi Te S","IMA1977-038"," ",4935,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","P3m1","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Te^2- S^2-","Alk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Aleutite","Aleutite","[Cu2+5O2](As5+O4)(V5+O4)·(Cu2+0.5☐0.5)Cl","[Cu5O2](AsO4)(VO4)·(Cu0.5☐0.5)Cl","[Cu_5_O_2_](AsO_4_)(VO_4_)·(Cu_0.5_[box]_0.5_)Cl","[Cu^2+^_5_O_2_](As^5+^O_4_)(V^5+^O_4_)·(Cu^2+^_0.5_[box]_0.5_)Cl","Cu O As V Cl","IMA2018-014"," ",6757,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^2+ O As^5+ V^5+ Cl","Aeu","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Alexearlite","Alexearlite","Hg2+3(Mo6+O4)S2-2","Hg3(MoO4)S2","Hg_3_(MoO_4_)S_2_","Hg^2+^_3_(Mo^6+^O_4_)S^2-^_2_","Hg Mo O S","IMA2024-039"," ",7553,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Hg^2+ Mo^6+ O S^2-","Alx",,"No" +"Alexkhomyakovite","Alexkhomyakovite","K6(Ca2Na)(CO3)5Cl·6H2O","K6(Ca2Na)(CO3)5Cl·6H2O","K_6_(Ca_2_Na)(CO_3_)_5_Cl·6H_2_O","K_6_(Ca_2_Na)(CO_3_)_5_Cl·6H_2_O","K Ca Na C O Cl H","IMA2015-013"," ",6418,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63/mcm","K Ca Na C O Cl H","Akmy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Alexkuznetsovite-(Ce)","Alexkuznetsovite-(Ce)","Ce3+2Mn2+(CO3)(Si2O7)","Ce2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7)","Ce_2_Mn(CO_3_)(Si_2_O_7_)","Ce^3+^_2_Mn^2+^(CO_3_)(Si_2_O_7_)","Ce Mn C O Si","IMA2019-118"," ",7002,"Biraite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ce^3+ Mn^2+ C O Si","Axk-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Alexkuznetsovite-(La)","Alexkuznetsovite-(La)","La2Mn2+(CO3)(Si2O7)","La2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7)","La_2_Mn(CO_3_)(Si_2_O_7_)","La_2_Mn^2+^(CO_3_)(Si_2_O_7_)","La Mn C O Si","IMA2019-081"," ",6965,"Biraite","monoclinic","P21/c","La Mn^2+ C O Si","Axk-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Alflarsenite","Alflarsenite","NaCa2Be3Si4O13(OH)·2H2O","NaCa2Be3Si4O13(OH)·2H2O","NaCa_2_Be_3_Si_4_O_13_(OH)·2H_2_O","NaCa_2_Be_3_Si_4_O_13_(OH)·2H_2_O","Na Ca Be Si O H","IMA2008-023"," ",5682," ","monoclinic","P21","Na Ca Be Si O H","Alf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Alforsite","Alforsite","Ba5(PO4)3Cl","Ba5(PO4)3Cl","Ba_5_(PO_4_)_3_Cl","Ba_5_(PO_4_)_3_Cl","Ba P O Cl","IMA1980-039"," ",827,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ba P O Cl","Afr","Abiotic, Biotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Alfredcasparite","Alfredcasparite","Sr2Ti4+O(Si2O7)","Sr2TiO(Si2O7)","Sr_2_TiO(Si_2_O_7_)","Sr_2_Ti^4+^O(Si_2_O_7_)","Sr Ti O Si","IMA2023-024"," ",7379,"Melilite","tetragonal","P4bm","Sr Ti^4+ O Si","Afc",,"No" +"Alfredopetrovite","Alfredopetrovite","Al2(Se4+O3)3·6H2O","Al2(Se4+O3)3·6H2O","Al_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_·6H_2_O","Al_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_·6H_2_O","Al Se O H","IMA2015-026"," ",6427,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P62c","Al Se^4+ O H","Afd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Alfredstelznerite","Alfredstelznerite","Ca4B16O16(OH)24·19H2O","Ca4(H2O)4[B4O4(OH)6]4(H2O)15","Ca_4_(H_2_O)_4_[B_4_O_4_(OH)_6_]_4_(H_2_O)_15_","Ca_4_B_16_O_16_(OH)_24_·19H_2_O","Ca H O B","IMA2007-050"," ",5650,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pca21","Ca B O H","Asz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Algodonite","Algodonite","Cu1-xAsx (x ≈ 1/7)","Cu1-xAsx (x ≈ 0.15)","Cu_1-x_As_x_ (x ≈ 0.15)","Cu_1-x_As_x_ (x ≈ 1/7)","Cu As"," "," ",828,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Cu As","Ago","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Alicewilsonite-(YCe)","Alicewilsonite-(YCe)","Na2Sr2YCe3+(CO3)6·3H2O","Na2Sr2YCe(CO3)6·3H2O","Na_2_Sr_2_YCe(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na_2_Sr_2_YCe^3+^(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na Sr Y Ce C O H","IMA2020-055"," ",7069,"Mckelveyite","triclinic","P1","Na Sr Y Ce^3+ C O H","Aws-YCe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Alicewilsonite-(YLa)","Alicewilsonite-(YLa)","Na2Sr2YLa(CO3)6·3H2O","Na2Sr2YLa(CO3)6·3H2O","Na_2_Sr_2_YLa(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na_2_Sr_2_YLa(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na Sr Y La C O H","IMA2021-047"," ",7153,"Mckelveyite","triclinic","P1","Na Sr Y La C O H","Aws-YLa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Aliettite","Aliettite","Ca0.2Mg6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·4H2O","Ca0.2Mg6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·4H2O","Ca_0.2_Mg_6_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Ca_0.2_Mg_6_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Ca Mg Si Al O H"," "," ",829,"Corrensite, Clay",,,"Ca Mg Si Al O H","Ali","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Allabogdanite","Allabogdanite","(Fe,Ni)2P","(Fe,Ni)2P","(Fe,Ni)_2_P","(Fe,Ni)_2_P","Fe Ni P","IMA2000-038"," ",830,"Barringerite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Fe Ni P","Abg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Allactite","Allactite","Mn2+7(As5+O4)2(OH)8","Mn2+7(AsO4)2(OH)8","Mn^2+^_7_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_","Mn^2+^_7_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_8_","Mn As O H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",4920,"Allactite","monoclinic","P21/a","Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Ala","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Allanite-(Ce)","Allanite-(Ce)","CaCe3+Al2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaCe(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaCe(Al_2_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaCe^3+^Al_2_Fe^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Ce Al Fe Si O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",832,"Allanite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Ce^3+ Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Aln-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Allanite-(La)","Allanite-(La)","CaLaFe2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaLa(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaLa(Al_2_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaLaFe^2+^Al_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca La Al Fe Si O H","IMA2003-065"," ",4939,"Allanite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca La Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Aln-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Allanite-(Nd)","Allanite-(Nd)","CaNdAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaNd(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaNd(Al_2_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaNdAl_2_Fe^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Nd Al Fe Si O H","IMA2010-060"," ",5902,"Allanite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Nd Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Aln-Nd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks","No" +"Allanite-(Sm)","Allanite-(Sm)","CaSm(Al2Fe2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaSm(Al2Fe2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaSm(Al_2_Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","CaSm(Al_2_Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Sm Al Fe Si O H","IMA2023-114"," ",7462,"Allanite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Sm Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Aln-Sm",,"No" +"Allanite-(Y)","Allanite-(Y)","CaYAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaY(Al2Fe2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaY(Al_2_Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","CaYAl_2_Fe^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Y Al Fe Si O H","IMA1966 s.p."," ",833,"Allanite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Y Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Aln-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Allanpringite","Allanpringite","Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O","Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O","Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA2004-050"," ",5296,"Wavellite","monoclinic","P21/n","Fe^3+ P O H","Apg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Allantoin","Allantoin","C4H6N4O3","C4H6N4O3","C_4_H_6_N_4_O_3_","C_4_H_6_N_4_O_3_","C H N O","IMA2020-004a"," ",7042," ","monoclinic","P21/c","C H N O","Aan","Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Allargentum","Allargentum","Ag1-xSbx (x=0.09-0.16)","Ag1-xSbx (x ≈ 0.09-0.16)","Ag_1-x_Sb_x_ (x ≈ 0.09-0.16)","Ag_1-x_Sb_x_ (x=0.09-0.16)","Ag Sb","IMA1970 s.p."," ",834,"Allargentum","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ag Sb","All","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Alleghanyite","Alleghanyite","Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2","Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2","Mn^2+^_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Mn Si O H"," "," ",835,"Humite","monoclinic","P21/b","Mn^2+ Si O H","Alh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Allendeite","Allendeite","Sc4Zr4+3O12","Sc4Zr3O12","Sc_4_Zr_3_O_12_","Sc_4_Zr^4+^_3_O_12_","Sc Zr O","IMA2007-027"," ",5629," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc, R3","Sc Zr^4+ O","Aed","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Allochalcoselite","Allochalcoselite","Cu1+Cu2+5Pb2+O2(Se4+O3)2Cl5","Cu1+Cu2+5PbO2(SeO3)2Cl5","Cu^1+^Cu^2+^_5_PbO_2_(SeO_3_)_2_Cl_5_","Cu^1+^Cu^2+^_5_Pb^2+^O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_Cl_5_","Cu Pb O Se Cl","IMA2004-025"," ",5282,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Pb^2+ O Se^4+ Cl","Acc","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Alloclasite","Alloclasite","Co3+(AsS)3-","CoAsS","CoAsS","Co^3+^(AsS)^3-^","Co As S"," "," ",836,"Marcasite","monoclinic","P21","Co^3+ As S","Acl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Allophane","Allophane","Al2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O","Al2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O","Al_2_O_3_(SiO_2_)_1.3-2.0_·2.5-3.0H_2_O","Al_2_O_3_(SiO_2_)_1.3-2.0_·2.5-3.0H_2_O","Al O Si H"," "," ",837,"Allophane",,,"Al O Si H","Alp","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Alloriite","Alloriite","(Na,K,Ca)24(Na,Ca)4Ca4(Si,Al)48O96(S6+O4)4(S4+O3,CO3)2(OH,Cl)2(H2O,OH)4","(Na,K,Ca)24(Na,Ca)4Ca4(Si,Al)48O96(SO4)4(SO3,CO3)2(OH,Cl)2(H2O,OH)4","(Na,K,Ca)_24_(Na,Ca)_4_Ca_4_(Si,Al)_48_O_96_(SO_4_)_4_(SO_3_,CO_3_)_2_(OH,Cl)_2_(H_2_O,OH)_4_","(Na,K,Ca)_24_(Na,Ca)_4_Ca_4_(Si,Al)_48_O_96_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(S^4+^O_3_,CO_3_)_2_(OH,Cl)_2_(H_2_O,OH)_4_","Na K Ca Si Al O S C H Cl","IMA2006-020"," ",5356,"Cancrinite-sodalite, Cancrinite","hexagonal","P31c","Na K Ca Si Al O S^6+ S^4+ C H Cl","Aor","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Alluaivite","Alluaivite","Na19(Ca,Mn2+)6(Ti4+,Nb5+)3Si26O74Cl·2H2O","Na19(Ca,Mn2+)6(Ti,Nb)3Si26O74Cl·2H2O","Na_19_(Ca,Mn^2+^)_6_(Ti,Nb)_3_Si_26_O_74_Cl·2H_2_O","Na_19_(Ca,Mn^2+^)_6_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_3_Si_26_O_74_Cl·2H_2_O","Na Ca Mn Ti Nb Si O Cl H","IMA1988-052"," ",838,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ca Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O Cl H","Aav","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Alluaudite","Alluaudite","☐NaMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)3","☐NaMnFe3+2(PO4)3","[box]NaMnFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_","[box]NaMn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_","Na Mn Fe P O","IMA1979 s.p."," ",839,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O","Ald","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Almagreraite","Almagreraite","Cu2+Zn2+Mn4+3O8","CuZnMn4+3O8","CuZnMn^4+^_3_O_8_","Cu^2+^Zn^2+^Mn^4+^_3_O_8_","Cu Zn Mn O","IMA2025-025"," ",7583,"Nolanite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ Mn^4+ O","Alma",,"No" +"Almandine","Almandine","Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3","Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3","Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Fe Al Si O"," "," ",840,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d, Ia3d","Fe^2+ Al Si O","Alm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Almarudite","Almarudite","K(☐,Na)2(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2[(Be,Al)3Si12]O30","K(☐,Na)2(Mn,Fe,Mg)2[(Be,Al)3Si12]O30","K([box],Na)_2_(Mn,Fe,Mg)_2_[(Be,Al)_3_Si_12_]O_30_","K([box],Na)_2_(Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^,Mg)_2_[(Be,Al)_3_Si_12_]O_30_","K Na Mn Fe Mg Be Al Si O","IMA2002-048"," ",4940,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Na Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Mg Be Al Si O","Alr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Almeidaite","Almeidaite","Pb2+Zn2+2(Mn2+,Y)(Ti4+,Fe3+)18O36(OH,O)2","PbZn2(Mn,Y)(Ti,Fe3+)18O36(OH,O)2","PbZn_2_(Mn,Y)(Ti,Fe^3+^)_18_O_36_(OH,O)_2_","Pb^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(Mn^2+^,Y)(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_18_O_36_(OH,O)_2_","Pb Zn Mn Y Ti Fe O H","IMA2013-020"," ",6157,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Mn^2+ Y Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O H","Amd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Alnaperbøeite-(Ce)","Alnaperboeite-(Ce)","(CaCe3+2.5Na0.5)Al4(Si2O7)(SiO4)3O(OH)2","(CaCe2.5Na0.5)(Al4)(Si2O7)(SiO4)3O(OH)2","(CaCe_2.5_Na_0.5_)(Al_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)_3_O(OH)_2_","(CaCe^3+^_2.5_Na_0.5_)Al_4_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)_3_O(OH)_2_","Ca Ce Na Al Si O H","IMA2012-054"," ",6110,"Gatelite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Ce^3+ Na Al Si O H","Apbø-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Alpeite","Alpeite","Ca4Mn3+2Al2(Mn3+Mg)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(V5+O4)(OH)6","Ca4Mn3+2Al2(Mn3+Mg)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(VO4)(OH)6","Ca_4_Mn^3+^_2_Al_2_(Mn^3+^Mg)(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(VO_4_)(OH)_6_","Ca_4_Mn^3+^_2_Al_2_(Mn^3+^Mg)(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(V^5+^O_4_)(OH)_6_","Ca Mn Al Mg Si O V H","IMA2016-072"," ",6600,"Ardennite","orthorhombic","Pnmm","Ca Mn^3+ Al Mg Si O V^5+ H","Apt","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Alpersite","Alpersite","MgS6+O4·7H2O","Mg(SO4)·7H2O","Mg(SO_4_)·7H_2_O","MgS^6+^O_4_·7H_2_O","Mg S O H","IMA2003-040"," ",5245,"Melanterite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg S^6+ O H","Aps","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Alsakharovite-Zn","Alsakharovite-Zn","NaSrKZn2+(Ti4+,Nb5+)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·7H2O","NaSrKZn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·7H2O","NaSrKZn(Ti,Nb)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·7H_2_O","NaSrKZn^2+^(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·7H_2_O","Na Sr K Zn Ti Nb Si O H","IMA2002-003"," ",841,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","Cm","Na Sr K Zn^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Ask-Zn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Alstonite","Alstonite","BaCa(CO3)2","BaCa(CO3)2","BaCa(CO_3_)_2_","BaCa(CO_3_)_2_","Ba Ca C O"," "," ",842,"Alstonite","triclinic, orthorhombic, hexagonal","C1, P31m","Ba Ca C O","Asn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Altaite","Altaite","Pb2+Te2-","PbTe","PbTe","Pb^2+^Te^2-^","Pb Te"," "," ",843,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Pb^2+ Te^2-","Alt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Alterite","Alterite","Zn2+2Fe3+4(S6+O4)4((C2)6+O4)2(OH)4·17H2O","Zn2Fe3+4(SO4)4(C2O4)2(OH)4·17H2O","Zn_2_Fe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_4_(C_2_O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·17H_2_O","Zn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·17H_2_O","Zn Fe S O C H","IMA2018-070"," ",6741,"Alterite, Oxalate","monoclinic","C2/c","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O C H","Atr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Althausite","Althausite","Mg4(PO4)2(OH,O)(F,☐)","Mg4(PO4)2(OH,O)(F,☐)","Mg_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH,O)(F,[box])","Mg_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH,O)(F,[box])","Mg P O H F","IMA1974-050"," ",844,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mg P O H F","Ahs","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Althupite","Althupite","AlTh4+(U6+O2)7(PO4)4O2(OH)5·15H2O","AlTh(UO2)7(PO4)4O2(OH)5·15H2O","AlTh(UO_2_)_7_(PO_4_)_4_O_2_(OH)_5_·15H_2_O","AlTh^4+^(U^6+^O_2_)_7_(PO_4_)_4_O_2_(OH)_5_·15H_2_O","Al Th U O P H","IMA1986-003"," ",845,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Al Th^4+ U^6+ O P H","Ahp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Altisite","Altisite","Na3K6Ti4+2Al2Si8O26Cl3","Na3K6Ti2Al2Si8O26Cl3","Na_3_K_6_Ti_2_Al_2_Si_8_O_26_Cl_3_","Na_3_K_6_Ti^4+^_2_Al_2_Si_8_O_26_Cl_3_","Na K Ti Al Si O Cl","IMA1993-055"," ",846,"Lemoynite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na K Ti^4+ Al Si O Cl","Ati","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Aluminite","Aluminite","Al2S6+O4(OH)4·7H2O","Al2(SO4)(OH)4·7H2O","Al_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_4_·7H_2_O","Al_2_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_·7H_2_O","Al S O H"," "," ",847,"Aluminite","monoclinic","P21/c","Al S^6+ O H","A","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Aluminium","Aluminium","Al","Al","Al","Al","Al","IMA1980-085a"," ",4921,"Copper","cubic","Fm3m","Al","Al","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","Yes" +"Aluminoceladonite","Aluminoceladonite","K(Mg,Fe2+)AlSi4O10(OH)2","K(Mg,Fe2+)Al(Si4O10)(OH)2","K(Mg,Fe^2+^)Al(Si_4_O_10_)(OH)_2_","K(Mg,Fe^2+^)AlSi_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","K Mg Fe Al Si O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",850,"Mica","monoclinic, hexagonal","C2/m, P3112","K Mg Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Acel","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Aluminocerite-(CeCa)","Aluminocerite-(CeCa)","(Ce3+6Ca3)☐Al(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3","(Ce6Ca3)☐Al(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3","(Ce_6_Ca_3_)[box]Al(SiO_4_)_3_(SiO_3_OH)_4_(OH)_3_","(Ce^3+^_6_Ca_3_)[box]Al(SiO_4_)_3_(SiO_3_OH)_4_(OH)_3_","Ce Ca Al Si O H","IMA2007-060, IMA2023 s.p."," ",5659,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ce^3+ Ca Al Si O H","Acrt-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Aluminocopiapite","Aluminocopiapite","(Al,Mg)Fe3+4(S6+O4)6(OH,O)2·20H2O","(Al,Mg)Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH,O)2·20H2O","(Al,Mg)Fe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_6_(OH,O)_2_·20H_2_O","(Al,Mg)Fe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH,O)_2_·20H_2_O","Al Mg Fe S O H"," "," ",851,"Copiapite","triclinic","P1","Al Mg Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Acpi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Aluminocoquimbite","Aluminocoquimbite","Al2Fe3+2(S6+O4)6(H2O)12·9H2O","Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12·9H2O","Al_2_Fe_2_(SO_4_)_6_(H_2_O)_12_·9H_2_O","Al_2_Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(H_2_O)_12_·9H_2_O","Al Fe S O H","IMA2009-095"," ",5826,"Coquimbite","hexagonal","P31c","Al Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Acoq","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Aluminomagnesiohulsite","Aluminomagnesiohulsite","Mg2AlO2(BO3)","Mg2AlO2(BO3)","Mg_2_AlO_2_(BO_3_)","Mg_2_AlO_2_(BO_3_)","Mg Al O B","IMA2002-038"," ",4925,"Hulsite","monoclinic","P2/m","Mg Al O B","Amhul","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Alumino-oxy-rossmanite","Alumino-oxy-rossmanite","Al3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","Al3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","Al_3_Al_6_(Si_5_AlO_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Al_3_Al_6_(Si_5_AlO_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Al Si O B H","IMA2020-008b"," ",7080,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Al Si O B H","Aorsm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Aluminopyracmonite","Aluminopyracmonite","(N3-H4)3Al(S6+O4)3","(NH4)3Al(SO4)3","(NH_4_)_3_Al(SO_4_)_3_","(N^3-^H_4_)_3_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","N H Al S O","IMA2012-075"," ",6128,"Pyracmonite","hexagonal","R3","N^3- H Al S^6+ O","Apyr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Aluminosugilite","Aluminosugilite","KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30","KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30","KNa_2_Al_2_Li_3_Si_12_O_30_","KNa_2_Al_2_Li_3_Si_12_O_30_","K Na Al Li Si O","IMA2018-142"," ",6879,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Na Al Li Si O","Asug","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Aluminotaipingite-(CeCa)","Aluminotaipingite-(CeCa)","(Ce3+6Ca3)Al(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4F3","(Ce6Ca3)Al(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4F3","(Ce_6_Ca_3_)Al(SiO_4_)_3_[SiO_3_(OH)]_4_F_3_","(Ce^3+^_6_Ca_3_)Al(SiO_4_)_3_[SiO_3_(OH)]_4_F_3_","Ce Ca Al Si O H F","IMA2022-126"," ",7365,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ce^3+ Ca Al Si O H F","Atpg-CeCa",,"No" +"Alum-(K)","Alum-(K)","KAl(S6+O4)2·12H2O","KAl(SO4)2·12H2O","KAl(SO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","KAl(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","K Al S O H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3698,"Alum","cubic","Pa3","K Al S^6+ O H","Aum-K","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Alum-(Na)","Alum-(Na)","NaAl(S6+O4)2·12H2O","NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O","NaAl(SO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","NaAl(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Na Al S O H","IMA2007 s.p"," ",4130,"Alum","cubic","Pa3","Na Al S^6+ O H","Aum-Na","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Alumoåkermanite","Alumoakermanite","(Ca,Na)2(Al,Mg,Fe2+)(Si2O7)","(Ca,Na)2(Al,Mg,Fe2+)(Si2O7)","(Ca,Na)_2_(Al,Mg,Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)","(Ca,Na)_2_(Al,Mg,Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)","Ca Na Al Mg Fe Si O","IMA2008-049"," ",5709,"Melilite","tetragonal","P421m","Ca Na Al Mg Fe^2+ Si O","Aåk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Alumoedtollite","Alumoedtollite","K2NaCu2+5AlO2(As5+O4)4","K2NaCu5AlO2(AsO4)4","K_2_NaCu_5_AlO_2_(AsO_4_)_4_","K_2_NaCu^2+^_5_AlO_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_","K Na Cu Al O As","IMA2017-020"," ",6661,"Edtollite","triclinic","P1","K Na Cu^2+ Al O As^5+","Aedt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Alumohydrocalcite","Alumohydrocalcite","CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·3H2O","CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·4H2O","CaAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","CaAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Ca Al C O H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",856,"Alumohydrocalcite","triclinic","P1","Ca Al C O H","Ahcal","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Alumoklyuchevskite","Alumoklyuchevskite","K3Cu2+3AlO2(S6+O4)4","K3Cu2+3AlO2(SO4)4","K_3_Cu^2+^_3_AlO_2_(SO_4_)_4_","K_3_Cu^2+^_3_AlO_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_","K Cu Al O S","IMA1993-004"," ",857,"Klyuchevskite","monoclinic","I2","K Cu^2+ Al O S^6+","Akyv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Alumolukrahnite","Alumolukrahnite","CaCu2+Al(As5+O4)2(OH)(H2O)","CaCu2+Al(AsO4)2(OH)(H2O)","CaCu^2+^Al(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)(H_2_O)","CaCu^2+^Al(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)(H_2_O)","Ca Cu Al As O H","IMA2022-059"," ",7282,"Natrochalcite-Helmutwinklerite","triclinic","P1","Ca Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O H","Alkr",,"No" +"Alumotantite","Alumotantite","AlTa5+O4","AlTaO4","AlTaO_4_","AlTa^5+^O_4_","Al Ta O","IMA1980-025"," ",859,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Al Ta^5+ O","Atan","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Alumovesuvianite","Alumovesuvianite","Ca19Al(Al10Mg2)Si18O69(OH)9","Ca19Al(Al10Mg2)Si18O69(OH)9","Ca_19_Al(Al_10_Mg_2_)Si_18_O_69_(OH)_9_","Ca_19_Al(Al_10_Mg_2_)Si_18_O_69_(OH)_9_","Ca Al Mg Si O H","IMA2016-014"," ",6543,"Vesuvianite","tetragonal","P4/n","Ca Al Mg Si O H","Aves","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Alunite","Alunite","KAl3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6","KAl_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","KAl_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","K Al S O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",860,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","K Al S^6+ O H","Alu","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Alunogen","Alunogen","Al2(S6+O4)3(H2O)12·5H2O","Al2(SO4)3(H2O)12·5H2O","Al_2_(SO_4_)_3_(H_2_O)_12_·5H_2_O","Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(H_2_O)_12_·5H_2_O","Al S O H"," "," ",861,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Al S^6+ O H","Alg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Alvanite","Alvanite","Zn2+Al4(V5+O3)2(OH)12·2H2O","Zn2+Al4(V5+O3)2(OH)12·2H2O","Zn^2+^Al_4_(V^5+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O","Zn^2+^Al_4_(V^5+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O","Zn Al V O H"," "," ",862,"Chalcoalumite","monoclinic","P21/n","Zn^2+ Al V^5+ O H","Alv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Alvesite","Alvesite","NaKZr4+Si6O15·2H2O","NaKZrSi6O15·2H2O","NaKZrSi_6_O_15_·2H_2_O","NaKZr^4+^Si_6_O_15_·2H_2_O","Na K Zr Si O H","IMA2023-069"," ",7411,"Elpidite","orthorhombic","Cmca","Na K Zr^4+ Si O H","Avs",,"No" +"Alwilkinsite-(Y)","Alwilkinsite-(Y)","Y(U6+O2)3(S6+O4)2O(OH)3(H2O)7·7H2O","Y(UO2)3(SO4)2O(OH)3(H2O)7·7H2O","Y(UO_2_)_3_(SO_4_)_2_O(OH)_3_(H_2_O)_7_·7H_2_O","Y(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_O(OH)_3_(H_2_O)_7_·7H_2_O","Y U O S H","IMA2015-097"," ",6495,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","P212121","Y U^6+ O S^6+ H","Alw-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Amableite-(Ce)","Amableite-(Ce)","Na15[(Ce3+1.5Na1.5)Mn2+3]Mn2+2Zr4+3☐Si[Si24O69(OH)3](OH)2·H2O","Na15[(Ce1.5Na1.5)Mn3]Mn2Zr3☐Si[Si24O69(OH)3](OH)2·H2O","Na_15_[(Ce_1.5_Na_1.5_)Mn_3_]Mn_2_Zr_3_[box]Si[Si_24_O_69_(OH)_3_](OH)_2_·H_2_O","Na_15_[(Ce^3+^_1.5_Na_1.5_)Mn^2+^_3_]Mn^2+^_2_Zr^4+^_3_[box]Si[Si_24_O_69_(OH)_3_](OH)_2_·H_2_O","Na Ce Mn Zr Si O H","IMA2023-075"," ",7422,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3, P3","Na Ce^3+ Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Si O H","Ambl-Ce",,"No" +"Amakinite","Amakinite","Fe2+(OH)2","Fe(OH)2","Fe(OH)_2_","Fe^2+^(OH)_2_","Fe O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",863,"Brucite","hexagonal","R3m, P3m1","Fe^2+ O H","Amk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Amamoorite","Amamoorite","CaMn2+2Mn3+(Si2O7)O(OH)","CaMn2+2Mn3+(Si2O7)O(OH)","CaMn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^(Si_2_O_7_)O(OH)","CaMn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^(Si_2_O_7_)O(OH)","Ca Mn Si O H","IMA2018-105"," ",6832,"Ilvaite","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Si O H","Amo","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Amarantite","Amarantite","Fe3+2O(S6+O4)2·7H2O","Fe3+2O(SO4)2·7H2O","Fe^3+^_2_O(SO_4_)_2_·7H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_O(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·7H_2_O","Fe O S H"," "," ",864,"Amarantite","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ O S^6+ H","Ama","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Amarillite","Amarillite","NaFe3+(S6+O4)2·6H2O","NaFe3+(SO4)2·6H2O","NaFe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","NaFe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Na Fe S O H"," "," ",865,"Tamarugite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Amr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Amaterasuite","Amaterasuite","Sr4Ti4+6Si4O23(OH)Cl","Sr4Ti6Si4O23(OH)Cl","Sr_4_Ti_6_Si_4_O_23_(OH)Cl","Sr_4_Ti^4+^_6_Si_4_O_23_(OH)Cl","Sr Ti Si O H Cl","IMA2024-056"," ",7509,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Fddd","Sr Ti^4+ Si O H Cl","Asu",,"No" +"Amblygonite","Amblygonite","LiAlPO4F","LiAl(PO4)F","LiAl(PO_4_)F","LiAlPO_4_F","Li Al P O F"," "," ",866,"Titanite-Amblygonite","triclinic","C1, P1","Li Al P O F","Aby","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ambrinoite","Ambrinoite","[K,(N3-H4)]2(As3+,Sb3+)6(Sb3+,As3+)2S2-13·H2O","[K,(NH4)]2(As,Sb)6(Sb,As)2S13·H2O","[K,(NH_4_)]_2_(As,Sb)_6_(Sb,As)_2_S_13_·H_2_O","[K,(N^3-^H_4_)]_2_(As^3+^,Sb^3+^)_6_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_2_S^2-^_13_·H_2_O","K N H As Sb S O","IMA2009-071"," ",5801,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","K N^3- H As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2- O","Amb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Ameghinite","Ameghinite","NaB3O3(OH)4","NaB3O3(OH)4","NaB_3_O_3_(OH)_4_","NaB_3_O_3_(OH)_4_","Na B O H","IMA1966-034"," ",867,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Na B O H","Agh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Amesite","Amesite","Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4","Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4","Mg_2_Al(AlSiO_5_)(OH)_4_","Mg_2_Al(AlSiO_5_)(OH)_4_","Mg Al Si O H"," "," ",868,"Clay, Serpentine","triclinic, hexagonal","C1, R3","Mg Al Si O H","Ame","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Amgaite","Amgaite","Tl3+2Te6+O6","Tl3+2Te6+O6","Tl^3+^_2_Te^6+^O_6_","Tl^3+^_2_Te^6+^O_6_","Tl Te O","IMA2021-104"," ",7206,"Malladrite","hexagonal","P321","Tl^3+ Te^6+ O","Amgt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Amicite","Amicite","K2Na2(Si4Al4O16)·5H2O","K2Na2(Al4Si4O16)·5H2O","K_2_Na_2_(Al_4_Si_4_O_16_)·5H_2_O","K_2_Na_2_(Si_4_Al_4_O_16_)·5H_2_O","K Na Al Si O H","IMA1979-011"," ",869,"Gismondine","monoclinic","I2","K Na Si Al O H","Ami","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Aminoffite","Aminoffite","Ca3(BeOH)2Si3O10","Ca3(BeOH)2Si3O10","Ca_3_(BeOH)_2_Si_3_O_10_","Ca_3_(BeOH)_2_Si_3_O_10_","Ca Be O H Si"," "," ",870,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I4/mmm, P42/n","Ca Be O H Si","Amf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ammineite","Ammineite","Cu2+Cl2(N3-H3)2","CuCl2·2NH3","CuCl_2_·2NH_3_","Cu^2+^Cl_2_(N^3-^H_3_)_2_","Cu Cl N H","IMA2008-032"," ",5692,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Cu^2+ Cl N^3- H","Amm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Ammonioalunite","Ammonioalunite","N3-H4Al3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","(NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6","(NH_4_)Al_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","N^3-^H_4_Al_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","N H Al S O","IMA1986-037"," ",871,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","N^3- H Al S^6+ O","Aalu","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Ammonioborite","Ammonioborite","(N3-H4)3B15O20(OH)8·4H2O","(NH4)3B15O20(OH)8·4H2O","(NH_4_)_3_B_15_O_20_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_3_B_15_O_20_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O","N H B O"," "," ",872,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","N^3- H B O","Abo","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Ammoniojarosite","Ammoniojarosite","N3-H4Fe3+3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","(NH4)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6","(NH_4_)Fe^3+^_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","N^3-^H_4_Fe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","N H Fe S O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",873,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","N^3- H Fe^3+ S^6+ O","Ajrs","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Ammoniolasalite","Ammoniolasalite","(N3-H4)2Mg2[V5+10O28]·20H2O","[(NH4)2Mg2(H2O)20]·[V10O28]","[(NH_4_)_2_Mg_2_(H_2_O)_20_]·[V_10_O_28_]","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Mg_2_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·20H_2_O","N H Mg O V","IMA2017-094"," ",6723,"Pascoite","monoclinic","C2/c","N^3- H Mg V^5+ O","Alas","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Ammonioleucite","Ammonioleucite","(N3-H4)AlSi2O6","(NH4)(AlSi2O6)","(NH_4_)(AlSi_2_O_6_)","(N^3-^H_4_)AlSi_2_O_6_","N H Al Si O","IMA1984-015"," ",874,"Analcime","tetragonal","I41/a","N^3- H Al Si O","Alct","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite","Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite","(N3-H4)2Mg5Fe3+3Al(S6+O4)12·18H2O","(NH4)2Mg5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12·18H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Mg_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(SO_4_)_12_·18H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Mg_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_12_·18H_2_O","N H Mg Fe Al S O","IMA2009-040"," ",5769,"Voltaite","cubic","Fd3c","N^3- H Mg Fe^3+ Al S^6+ O","Amvlt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Ammoniomathesiusite","Ammoniomathesiusite","(N3-H4)5(U6+O2)4(S6+O4)4(V5+O5)·4H2O","(NH4)5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5)·4H2O","(NH_4_)_5_(UO_2_)_4_(SO_4_)_4_(VO_5_)·4H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_5_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(V^5+^O_5_)·4H_2_O","N H U O S V","IMA2017-077"," ",6708,"Mathesiusite","tetragonal","P4/n","N^3- H U^6+ O S^6+ V^5+","Amat","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Ammoniotinsleyite","Ammoniotinsleyite","(N3-H4)Al2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O","(NH4)Al2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O","(NH_4_)Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O","N H Al P O","IMA2019-128"," ",7011,"Leucophosphite","monoclinic","P21/n","N^3- H Al P O","Atin","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ammoniovoltaite","Ammoniovoltaite","(N3-H4)2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(S6+O4)12(H2O)18","(NH4)2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12(H2O)18","(NH_4_)_2_Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(SO_4_)_12_(H_2_O)_18_","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_12_(H_2_O)_18_","N H Fe Al S O","IMA2017-022"," ",6663,"Voltaite","cubic","Fd3c","N^3- H Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Al S^6+ O","Avlt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Ammoniozippeite","Ammoniozippeite","(N3-H4)2[(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)O2]·H2O","(NH4)2[(UO2)2(SO4)O2]·H2O","(NH_4_)_2_[(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)O_2_]·H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_[(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)O_2_]·H_2_O","N H U O S","IMA2017-073"," ",6705,"Zippeite","orthorhombic","Ccmb","N^3- H U^6+ O S^6+","Azip","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Amoraite","Amoraite","Ca12Al6(OH)36(CO3)2(S4+O3)·15H2O","Ca12Al6(OH)36(CO3)2(SO3)·15H2O","Ca_12_Al_6_(OH)_36_(CO_3_)_2_(SO_3_)·15H_2_O","Ca_12_Al_6_(OH)_36_(CO_3_)_2_(S^4+^O_3_)·15H_2_O","Ca Al O H C S","IMA2023-082"," ",7417,"Hydrotalcite","triclinic","P1","Ca Al O H C S^4+","Amor",,"No" +"Amstallite","Amstallite","CaAl(Si,Al)4O8(OH)4·(H2O,Cl)","CaAl[(Al,Si)4O8(OH)2](OH)2·(H2O,Cl)","CaAl[(Al,Si)_4_O_8_(OH)_2_](OH)_2_·(H_2_O,Cl)","CaAl(Si,Al)_4_O_8_(OH)_4_·(H_2_O,Cl)","Ca Al Si O H Cl","IMA1986-030"," ",875,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Al Si O H Cl","Ams","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Amurselite","Amurselite","(N3-H4)2(U6+O2)5(Se4+O3)3O2(OH)2(H2O)·8H2O","(NH4)2(UO2)5(SeO3)3O2(OH)2(H2O)·8H2O","(NH_4_)_2_(UO_2_)_5_(SeO_3_)_3_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)·8H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_5_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)·8H_2_O","N H U O Se","IMA2024-062"," ",7514,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","N^3- H U^6+ O Se^4+","Amu",,"No" +"Analcime","Analcime","NaAlSi2O6·H2O","Na(AlSi2O6)·H2O","Na(AlSi_2_O_6_)·H_2_O","NaAlSi_2_O_6_·H_2_O","Na Al Si O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",876,"Analcime","tetragonal, cubic, orthorhombic, monoclinic, hexagonal","I41/acd, Ia3d, Ibca, I2/a, I41/a, R3","Na Al Si O H","Anl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Anandite","Anandite","BaFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10S2-(OH)","BaFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10S(OH)","BaFe^2+^_3_(Si_3_Fe^3+^)O_10_S(OH)","BaFe^2+^_3_(Si_3_Fe^3+^)O_10_S^2-^(OH)","Ba Fe Si O S H","IMA1966-005"," ",877,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic, orthorhombic","Am, Pnmn","Ba Fe^2+ Si Fe^3+ O S^2- H","Ana","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Anapaite","Anapaite","Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2·4H2O","Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2·4H2O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Fe P O H"," "," ",878,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca Fe^2+ P O H","Anp","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Anastasenkoite","Anastasenkoite","CaFe2+P2O7","CaFe2+P2O7","CaFe^2+^P_2_O_7_","CaFe^2+^P_2_O_7_","Ca Fe P O","IMA2020-026"," ",7036,"Anastasenkoite","triclinic","P1","Ca Fe^2+ P O","Aas","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Anatase","Anatase","Ti4+O2","TiO2","TiO_2_","Ti^4+^O_2_","Ti O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",879,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I41/amd","Ti^4+ O","Ant","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Anatolygurbanovite","Anatolygurbanovite","SrCa2Si3O9","SrCa2Si3O9","SrCa_2_Si_3_O_9_","SrCa_2_Si_3_O_9_","Sr Ca Si O","IMA2024-086"," ",7536,"Margarosanite","triclinic","P1","Sr Ca Si O","Agb",,"No" +"Anatolyite","Anatolyite","Na6(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe3+)3Al(As5+O4)6","Na6(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe3+)3Al(AsO4)6","Na_6_(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe^3+^)_3_Al(AsO_4_)_6_","Na_6_(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe^3+^)_3_Al(As^5+^O_4_)_6_","Na Ca Mg Fe Al As O","IMA2016-040"," ",6568,"Yurmarinite","hexagonal","R3c","Na Ca Mg Fe^3+ Al As^5+ O","Aly","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Ancylite-(Ce)","Ancylite-(Ce)","Ce3+Sr(CO3)2(OH)·H2O","CeSr(CO3)2(OH)·H2O","CeSr(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Ce^3+^Sr(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Ce Sr C O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",880,"Ancylite","orthorhombic","Pmcn, Pmc21","Ce^3+ Sr C O H","Anc-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Ancylite-(La)","Ancylite-(La)","LaSr(CO3)2(OH)·H2O","LaSr(CO3)2(OH)·H2O","LaSr(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","LaSr(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","La Sr C O H","IMA1995-053"," ",881,"Ancylite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","La Sr C O H","Anc-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Andalusite","Andalusite","Al2SiO5","Al2SiO5","Al_2_SiO_5_","Al_2_SiO_5_","Al Si O"," "," ",882,"Andalusite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Al Si O","And","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Andersonite","Andersonite","Na2Ca(U6+O2)(CO3)3·5-6H2O","Na2Ca(UO2)(CO3)3·5-6H2O","Na_2_Ca(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·5-6H_2_O","Na_2_Ca(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·5-6H_2_O","Na Ca U O C H"," "," ",883,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ca U^6+ O C H","Anr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Andradite","Andradite","Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3","Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3","Ca_3_Fe^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Ca_3_Fe^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Ca Fe Si O"," "," ",885,"Garnet","cubic, triclinic","Ia3d, Ia3d, I1","Ca Fe^3+ Si O","Adr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Andreadiniite","Andreadiniite","Cu1+Hg2+Ag1+7Pb2+7Sb3+24S2-48","CuHgAg7Pb7Sb24S48","CuHgAg_7_Pb_7_Sb_24_S_48_","Cu^1+^Hg^2+^Ag^1+^_7_Pb^2+^_7_Sb^3+^_24_S^2-^_48_","Cu Hg Ag Pb Sb S","IMA2014-049"," ",6345,"Lillianite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Adi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Andrémeyerite","Andremeyerite","BaFe2+2Si2O7","BaFe2+2(Si2O7)","BaFe^2+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)","BaFe^2+^_2_Si_2_O_7_","Ba Fe Si O","IMA1972-005"," ",886,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic, orthorhombic","P21/c, Bmcb","Ba Fe^2+ Si O","Amy","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Andreybulakhite","Andreybulakhite","Ni2+((C2)6+O4)·2H2O","Ni(C2O4)·2H2O","Ni(C_2_O_4_)·2H_2_O","Ni^2+^((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)·2H_2_O","Ni C O H","IMA2023-037"," ",7391,"Oxalate, Humboldtine","monoclinic","C2/c","Ni^2+ C O H","Adb",,"No" +"Andreyivanovite","Andreyivanovite","FeCrP","FeCrP","FeCrP","FeCrP","Fe Cr P","IMA2006-003"," ",5517,"Barringerite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Fe Cr P","Aiv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Andrianovite","Andrianovite","Na12(K,Sr,Ce3+)3Ca6Mn2+3Zr4+3Nb5+Si25O73(O,H2O,OH)5","Na12(K,Sr,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(O,H2O,OH)5","Na_12_(K,Sr,Ce)_3_Ca_6_Mn_3_Zr_3_Nb(Si_25_O_73_)(O,H_2_O,OH)_5_","Na_12_(K,Sr,Ce^3+^)_3_Ca_6_Mn^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^Si_25_O_73_(O,H_2_O,OH)_5_","Na K Sr Ce Ca Mn Zr Nb Si O H","IMA2007-008"," ",5601,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m, R3m","Na K Sr Ce^3+ Ca Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Adv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Andrieslombaardite","Andrieslombaardite","Rh3+(SbS)3-","RhSbS","RhSbS","Rh^3+^(SbS)^3-^","Rh Sb S","IMA2022-076"," ",7315,"Cobaltite","cubic","P213","Rh^3+ Sb S","Alo",,"No" +"Anduoite","Anduoite","RuAs2","RuAs2","RuAs_2_","RuAs_2_","Ru As"," "," ",888," ","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Ru As","Adu","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Andychristyite","Andychristyite","Pb2+Cu2+Te6+O5(H2O)","PbCu2+Te6+O5(H2O)","PbCu^2+^Te^6+^O_5_(H_2_O)","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^Te^6+^O_5_(H_2_O)","Pb Cu Te O H","IMA2015-024"," ",6425,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H","Acs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Andymcdonaldite","Andymcdonaldite","Fe3+2Te6+O6","Fe2TeO6","Fe_2_TeO_6_","Fe^3+^_2_Te^6+^O_6_","Fe Te O","IMA2018-141"," ",6878,"Tapiolite","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Fe^3+ Te^6+ O","Amc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Andyrobertsite","Andyrobertsite","KCd2+Cu2+5(As5+O4)4[As5+(OH)2O2]·2H2O","KCdCu5(AsO4)4[As(OH)2O2]·2H2O","KCdCu_5_(AsO_4_)_4_[As(OH)_2_O_2_]·2H_2_O","KCd^2+^Cu^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_[As^5+^(OH)_2_O_2_]·2H_2_O","K Cd Cu As O H","IMA1997-022"," ",889,"Andyrobertsite","monoclinic","P21/m","K Cd^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Arb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Angarfite","Angarfite","NaFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)4·4H2O","NaFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)4·4H2O","NaFe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","NaFe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Na Fe P O H","IMA2010-082"," ",5920,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","C2221","Na Fe^3+ P O H","Agf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Angastonite","Angastonite","CaMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)4·7H2O","CaMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)4·7H2O","CaMgAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·7H_2_O","CaMgAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·7H_2_O","Ca Mg Al P O H","IMA2008-008, IMA2022 s.p."," ",5667," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg Al P O H","Ags","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ángelaite","Angelaite","Cu1+2Ag1+Pb2+Bi3+S2-4","Cu2AgPbBiS4","Cu_2_AgPbBiS_4_","Cu^1+^_2_Ag^1+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Ag Pb Bi S","IMA2003-064"," ",5262,"Kobellite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Áge","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Angelellite","Angelellite","Fe3+4O3(As5+O4)2","Fe3+4O3(AsO4)2","Fe^3+^_4_O_3_(AsO_4_)_2_","Fe^3+^_4_O_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_","Fe O As","IMA1962 s.p."," ",890,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ O As^5+","Agl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Anglesite","Anglesite","Pb2+S6+O4","Pb(SO4)","Pb(SO_4_)","Pb^2+^S^6+^O_4_","Pb S O"," "," ",891,"Baryte","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Pb^2+ S^6+ O","Ang","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Anhydrite","Anhydrite","CaS6+O4","Ca(SO4)","Ca(SO_4_)","CaS^6+^O_4_","Ca S O"," "," ",892,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","C222, Amma, Bbmm, Bmmb","Ca S^6+ O","Anh","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Anhydrokainite","Anhydrokainite","KMgS6+O4Cl","KMg(SO4)Cl","KMg(SO_4_)Cl","KMgS^6+^O_4_Cl","K Mg S O Cl"," "," ",5371,"Chlorothionite","hexagonal","R3","K Mg S^6+ O Cl","Ahk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Anilite","Anilite","Cu7S4","Cu7S4","Cu_7_S_4_","Cu_7_S_4_","Cu S","IMA1968-030"," ",893,"Digenite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu S","Ani","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ankerite","Ankerite","Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2","Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2","Ca(Fe^2+^,Mg)(CO_3_)_2_","Ca(Fe^2+^,Mg)(CO_3_)_2_","Ca Fe Mg C O"," "," ",895,"Calcite-Dolomite","hexagonal","R3","Ca Fe^2+ Mg C O","Ank","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Ankinovichite","Ankinovichite","Ni2+Al4(V5+O3)2(OH)12·2H2O","NiAl4(V5+O3)2(OH)12·2H2O","NiAl_4_(V^5+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O","Ni^2+^Al_4_(V^5+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O","Ni Al V O H","IMA2002-063"," ",5185,"Chalcoalumite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ni^2+ Al V^5+ O H","Akv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Annabergite","Annabergite","Ni2+3(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Ni3(AsO4)2·8H2O","Ni_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ni^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ni As O H"," "," ",896,"Vivianite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ni^2+ As^5+ O H","Anb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Anningite-(Ce)","Anningite-(Ce)","(Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(V5+O4)","(Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(VO4)","(Ca_0.5_Ce^4+^_0.5_)(VO_4_)","(Ca_0.5_Ce^4+^_0.5_)(V^5+^O_4_)","Ca Ce V O","IMA2024-060"," ",7524,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Ca Ce^4+ V^5+ O","Aig-Ce",,"No" +"Annite","Annite","KFe2+3AlSi3O10(OH)2","KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2","KFe^2+^_3_(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_2_","KFe^2+^_3_AlSi_3_O_10_(OH)_2_","K Fe Al Si O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",897,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic","C2/m, C2/c","K Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Ann","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Annivite-(Zn)","Annivite-(Zn)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Zn2+2)Bi3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Bi4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Zn_2_)Bi_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_)Bi^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Zn Bi S","IMA2023-124"," ",7480,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Zn^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Anv-Zn",,"No" +"Anorpiment","Anorpiment","As3+2S2-3","As2S3","As_2_S_3_","As^3+^_2_S^2-^_3_","As S","IMA2011-014"," ",5921,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","As^3+ S^2-","Apm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Anorthite","Anorthite","CaAl2Si2O8","Ca(Al2Si2O8)","Ca(Al_2_Si_2_O_8_)","CaAl_2_Si_2_O_8_","Ca Al Si O"," "," ",898,"Feldspar","triclinic","P1, I1, C1","Ca Al Si O","An","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Anorthominasragrite","Anorthominasragrite","V4+O(S6+O4)·5H2O","V4+O(SO4)·5H2O","V^4+^O(SO_4_)·5H_2_O","V^4+^O(S^6+^O_4_)·5H_2_O","V O S H","IMA2001-040"," ",4970,"Minasragrite","triclinic","P1, P1","V^4+ O S^6+ H","Amrg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Anorthoroselite","Anorthoroselite","Ca2Co2+(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Ca2Co(AsO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Co(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Co^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Co As O H","IMA2022 s.p."," ",3882,"Fairfieldite","triclinic","P1","Ca Co^2+ As^5+ O H","Rsl-β","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Anorthoyttrialite-(Y)","Anorthoyttrialite-(Y)","Y4(SiO4)(Si3O10)","Y4(SiO4)(Si3O10)","Y_4_(SiO_4_)(Si_3_O_10_)","Y_4_(SiO_4_)(Si_3_O_10_)","Y Si O","IMA2022-135"," ",7348," ","triclinic","P1","Y Si O","Aytt-Y",,"No" +"Ansermetite","Ansermetite","Mn2+V5+2O6·4H2O","Mn2+V5+2O6·4H2O","Mn^2+^V^5+^_2_O_6_·4H_2_O","Mn^2+^V^5+^_2_O_6_·4H_2_O","Mn V O H","IMA2002-017"," ",4971,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Mn^2+ V^5+ O H","Anm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Antarcticite","Antarcticite","CaCl2·6H2O","CaCl2·6H2O","CaCl_2_·6H_2_O","CaCl_2_·6H_2_O","Ca Cl H O","IMA1965-015"," ",900,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P321","Ca Cl H O","Atc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Anthoinite","Anthoinite","AlW6+O3(OH)3","AlWO3(OH)3","AlWO_3_(OH)_3_","AlW^6+^O_3_(OH)_3_","Al W O H"," "," ",901,"Anthoinite","triclinic","I1","Al W^6+ O H","Atn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Anthonyite","Anthonyite","Cu2+(OH)2·3H2O","Cu(OH)2·3H2O","Cu(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Cu O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",902,"Anthonyite",,,"Cu^2+ O H","Aty","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Anthophyllite","Anthophyllite","☐Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","☐Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Mg_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Mg_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Mg Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",903,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mg Si O H","Ath","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Antigorite","Antigorite","Mg3Si2O5(OH)4","Mg3Si2O5(OH)4","Mg_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Mg_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Mg Si O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",904,"Serpentine, Clay","monoclinic","Pm, C2/m","Mg Si O H","Atg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Antimonselite","Antimonselite","Sb3+2Se2-3","Sb2Se3","Sb_2_Se_3_","Sb^3+^_2_Se^2-^_3_","Sb Se","IMA1992-003"," ",906,"Stibnite","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Sb^3+ Se^2-","Atm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Antimony","Antimony","Sb","Sb","Sb","Sb","Sb"," "," ",907,"Arsenic","hexagonal, cubic, tetragonal","R3m, P63/mmc, Pm3m, Fm3m, I4/mmm","Sb","Sb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","Yes" +"Antipinite","Antipinite","KNa3Cu2+2((C2)6+O4)4","KNa3Cu2(C2O4)4","KNa_3_Cu_2_(C_2_O_4_)_4_","KNa_3_Cu^2+^_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)_4_","K Na Cu C O","IMA2014-027"," ",6323,"Not in a structural group, Oxalate","triclinic","P1","K Na Cu^2+ C O","Atp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Antipovite","Antipovite","Cu2+5O2(PO4)2","Cu5O2(PO4)2","Cu_5_O_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^_5_O_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Cu O P","IMA2022-064"," ",7286," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ O P","Antp",,"No" +"Antlerite","Antlerite","Cu2+3(S6+O4)(OH)4","Cu2+3(SO4)(OH)4","Cu^2+^_3_(SO_4_)(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_4_","Cu S O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",908,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Atl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Antofagastaite","Antofagastaite","Na2Ca(S6+O4)2·1.5H2O","Na2Ca(SO4)2·1.5H2O","Na_2_Ca(SO_4_)_2_·1.5H_2_O","Na_2_Ca(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·1.5H_2_O","Na Ca S O H","IMA2018-049"," ",6786,"Syngenite","monoclinic","P21/m","Na Ca S^6+ O H","Atf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Anyuiite","Anyuiite","AuPb2","AuPb2","AuPb_2_","AuPb_2_","Au Pb","IMA1987-053"," ",909,"Khatyrkite","tetragonal","I4/mcm","Au Pb","Any","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Anzaite-(Ce)","Anzaite-(Ce)","Ce3+4Fe2+Ti4+6O18(OH)2","Ce4Fe2+Ti6O18(OH)2","Ce_4_Fe^2+^Ti_6_O_18_(OH)_2_","Ce^3+^_4_Fe^2+^Ti^4+^_6_O_18_(OH)_2_","Ce Fe Ti O H","IMA2013-004"," ",6167,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Ce^3+ Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O H","Anz-Ce","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Apachite","Apachite","Cu2+9Si10O29·11H2O","Cu2+9Si10O29·11H2O","Cu^2+^_9_Si_10_O_29_·11H_2_O","Cu^2+^_9_Si_10_O_29_·11H_2_O","Cu Si O H","IMA1979-022"," ",910,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic",,"Cu^2+ Si O H","Apa","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Apexite","Apexite","NaMg(PO4)·9H2O","NaMg(PO4)·9H2O","NaMg(PO_4_)·9H_2_O","NaMg(PO_4_)·9H_2_O","Na Mg P O H","IMA2015-002"," ",6408,"Struvite","triclinic","P1","Na Mg P O H","Ape","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Aphthitalite","Aphthitalite","K3Na(S6+O4)2","K3Na(SO4)2","K_3_Na(SO_4_)_2_","K_3_Na(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","K Na S O"," "," ",911,"Aphthitalite","hexagonal","P3m1","K Na S^6+ O","Att","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Apjohnite","Apjohnite","Mn2+Al2(S6+O4)4·22H2O","Mn2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O","Mn^2+^Al_2_(SO_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Mn^2+^Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Mn Al S O H"," "," ",912,"Halotrichite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Apj","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Aplowite","Aplowite","Co2+S6+O4·4H2O","Co(SO4)·4H2O","Co(SO_4_)·4H_2_O","Co^2+^S^6+^O_4_·4H_2_O","Co S O H","IMA1963-009"," ",913,"Starkeyite","monoclinic","P21/n","Co^2+ S^6+ O H","Apw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Apuanite","Apuanite","Fe2+Fe3+4Sb3+4O12S2-","(Fe2+Fe3+2)(Fe3+2Sb3+4)O12S","(Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_)(Fe^3+^_2_Sb^3+^_4_)O_12_S","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_4_Sb^3+^_4_O_12_S^2-^","Fe Sb O S","IMA1978-069"," ",914,"Minium","tetragonal","P42/mbc","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Sb^3+ O S^2-","Apu","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Aqualite","Aqualite","(H3O)8(Na,K,Sr)5Ca6Zr4+3Si26O66(OH)9Cl","(H3O)8(Na,K,Sr)5Ca6Zr3Si26O66(OH)9Cl","(H_3_O)_8_(Na,K,Sr)_5_Ca_6_Zr_3_Si_26_O_66_(OH)_9_Cl","(H_3_O)_8_(Na,K,Sr)_5_Ca_6_Zr^4+^_3_Si_26_O_66_(OH)_9_Cl","H O Na K Sr Ca Zr Si Cl","IMA2002-066"," ",915,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3","H O Na K Sr Ca Zr^4+ Si Cl","Aq","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Aradite","Aradite","BaCa6(SiO4)(V5+O4)(V5+O4)2F","BaCa6[(SiO4)(VO4)](VO4)2F","BaCa_6_[(SiO_4_)(VO_4_)](VO_4_)_2_F","BaCa_6_(SiO_4_)(V^5+^O_4_)(V^5+^O_4_)_2_F","Ba Ca Si O V F","IMA2013-047"," ",6211,"Zadovite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Ca Si O V^5+ F","Ara","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Aragonite","Aragonite","CaCO3","Ca(CO3)","Ca(CO_3_)","CaCO_3_","Ca C O"," "," ",916,"Aragonite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Ca C O","Arg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Arakiite","Arakiite","Zn2+Mn2+12Fe3+2(As3+O3)(As5+O4)2(OH)23","ZnMn2+12Fe3+2(As3+O3)(As5+O4)2(OH)23","ZnMn^2+^_12_Fe^3+^_2_(As^3+^O_3_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_23_","Zn^2+^Mn^2+^_12_Fe^3+^_2_(As^3+^O_3_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_23_","Zn Mn Fe As O H","IMA1998-062"," ",917,"Hematolite","monoclinic","Cc","Zn^2+ Mn^2+ Fe^3+ As^3+ O As^5+ H","Ark","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Aramayoite","Aramayoite","Ag1+3Sb3+2(Bi3+,Sb3+)S2-6","Ag3Sb2(Bi,Sb)S6","Ag_3_Sb_2_(Bi,Sb)S_6_","Ag^1+^_3_Sb^3+^_2_(Bi^3+^,Sb^3+^)S^2-^_6_","Ag Sb Bi S"," "," ",918,"Aramayoite","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Sb^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Ary","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Arangasite","Arangasite","Al2(S6+O4)(PO4)F·9H2O","Al2(SO4)(PO4)F·9H2O","Al_2_(SO_4_)(PO_4_)F·9H_2_O","Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(PO_4_)F·9H_2_O","Al S O P F H","IMA2012-018"," ",6078,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21, P2/a","Al S^6+ O P F H","Ans","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arapovite","Arapovite","(K1-x☐x)(Ca,Na)2U4+Si8O20 (x~0.5)","(K1-x☐x)(Ca,Na)2U4+Si8O20 [x ≈ 0.5]","(K_1-x_[box]_x_)(Ca,Na)_2_U^4+^Si_8_O_20_ [x ≈ 0.5]","(K_1-x_[box]_x_)(Ca,Na)_2_U^4+^Si_8_O_20_ (x~0.5)","K Ca Na U Si O","IMA2003-046"," ",5186,"Steacyite","tetragonal","P4/mcc","K Ca Na U^4+ Si O","Apv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Aravaipaite","Aravaipaite","Pb2+3AlF9·H2O","Pb3AlF9·H2O","Pb_3_AlF_9_·H_2_O","Pb^2+^_3_AlF_9_·H_2_O","Pb Al F H O","IMA1988-021"," ",919,"Aravaipaite","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, P21/n","Pb^2+ Al F H O","Avp","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Aravaite","Aravaite","Ba2Ca18(SiO4)6(PO4)3(CO3)F3O","Ba2Ca18(SiO4)6(PO4)3(CO3)F3O","Ba_2_Ca_18_(SiO_4_)_6_(PO_4_)_3_(CO_3_)F_3_O","Ba_2_Ca_18_(SiO_4_)_6_(PO_4_)_3_(CO_3_)F_3_O","Ba Ca Si O P C F","IMA2018-078"," ",6808,"Arctite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Ca Si O P C F","Arv","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Arcanite","Arcanite","K2S6+O4","K2(SO4)","K_2_(SO_4_)","K_2_S^6+^O_4_","K S O"," "," ",920,"Arcanite","orthorhombic","Pnam","K S^6+ O","Acn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Archerite","Archerite","H2KPO4","H2K(PO4)","H_2_K(PO_4_)","H_2_KPO_4_","H K P O","IMA1975-008"," ",921,"Biphosphammite","tetragonal","I42d","H K P O","Aht","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Arctite","Arctite","(Na5Ca)Ca6Ba(PO4)6F3","(Na5Ca)Ca6Ba(PO4)6F3","(Na_5_Ca)Ca_6_Ba(PO_4_)_6_F_3_","(Na_5_Ca)Ca_6_Ba(PO_4_)_6_F_3_","Na Ca Ba P O F","IMA1980-049"," ",922,"Arctite","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ca Ba P O F","Arc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Arcubisite","Arcubisite","Ag6CuBiS4","Ag6CuBiS4","Ag_6_CuBiS_4_","Ag_6_CuBiS_4_","Ag Cu Bi S","IMA1973-009"," ",923,"Not in a structural group",,,"Ag Cu Bi S","Acb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ardaite","Ardaite","Pb2+17Sb3+15S2-35Cl9","Pb17Sb15S35Cl9","Pb_17_Sb_15_S_35_Cl_9_","Pb^2+^_17_Sb^3+^_15_S^2-^_35_Cl_9_","Pb Sb S Cl","IMA1979-073"," ",924,"Madocite","monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2- Cl","Ada","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ardealite","Ardealite","Ca2(PO3OH)(S6+O4)·4H2O","Ca2(PO3OH)(SO4)·4H2O","Ca_2_(PO_3_OH)(SO_4_)·4H_2_O","Ca_2_(PO_3_OH)(S^6+^O_4_)·4H_2_O","Ca P O H S"," "," ",925,"Gypsum","monoclinic","Cc","Ca P O H S^6+","Adl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Ardennite-(As)","Ardennite-(As)","Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(As5+O4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6","Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6","Mn^2+^_4_Al_4_(AlMg)(AsO_4_)(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(OH)_6_","Mn^2+^_4_Al_4_(AlMg)(As^5+^O_4_)(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(OH)_6_","Mn Al Mg As O Si H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",926,"Ardennite","orthorhombic","Pnmm","Mn^2+ Al Mg As^5+ O Si H","Ard-As","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ardennite-(V)","Ardennite-(V)","Mn2+4(AlMg)Al4(Si5V5+)O22(OH)6","Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(VO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6","Mn^2+^_4_Al_4_(AlMg)(VO_4_)(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(OH)_6_","Mn^2+^_4_(AlMg)Al_4_(Si_5_V^5+^)O_22_(OH)_6_","Mn Al Mg V O Si H","IMA2005-037"," ",5520,"Ardennite","orthorhombic","Pnmm","Mn^2+ Al Mg Si V^5+ O H","Ard-V","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Arfvedsonite","Arfvedsonite","NaNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2","NaNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2","NaNa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","NaNa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Fe Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",927,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Arf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Argandite","Argandite","Mn2+7(V5+O4)2(OH)8","Mn7(VO4)2(OH)8","Mn_7_(VO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_","Mn^2+^_7_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_8_","Mn V O H","IMA2010-021"," ",5850,"Allactite","monoclinic","P21/n","Mn^2+ V^5+ O H","Agd","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Argentobaumhauerite","Argentobaumhauerite","Ag1.5Pb22As33.5S72","Ag1.5Pb22As33.5S72","Ag_1.5_Pb_22_As_33.5_S_72_","Ag_1.5_Pb_22_As_33.5_S_72_","Ag Pb As S","IMA1988-051, IMA2015 s.p."," ",1058,"Sartorite","monoclinic, triclinic","P1","Ag Pb As S","Abha","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Argentodufrénoysite","Argentodufrenoysite","Ag1+3Pb2+26As3+35S2-80","Ag3Pb26As35S80","Ag_3_Pb_26_As_35_S_80_","Ag^1+^_3_Pb^2+^_26_As^3+^_35_S^2-^_80_","Ag Pb As S","IMA2016-046"," ",6574,"Sartorite","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Aduf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Argentojarosite","Argentojarosite","Ag1+Fe3+3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","AgFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6","AgFe^3+^_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ag^1+^Fe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ag Fe S O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",928,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Ag^1+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Agjrs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Argentoliveingite","Argentoliveingite","Ag1+xPb2+40-2xAs3+48+xS2-112 (3 < x < 4)","AgxPb40-2xAs48+xS112 (3 < x < 4)","Ag_x_Pb_40-2x_As_48+x_S_112_ (3 < x < 4)","Ag^1+^_x_Pb^2+^_40-2x_As^3+^_48+x_S^2-^_112_ (3 < x < 4)","Ag Pb As S","IMA2016-029"," ",6557,"Sartorite","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Aliv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Argentopearceite","Argentopearceite","[Ag1+9Ag1+S1-4][Ag1+6As3+2S1-7]","[Ag9AgS4][Ag6As2S7]","[Ag_9_AgS_4_][Ag_6_As_2_S_7_]","[Ag^1+^_9_Ag^1+^S^1-^_4_][Ag^1+^_6_As^3+^_2_S^1-^_7_]","Ag S As","IMA2020-049"," ",7054,"Polybasite","hexagonal","P321","Ag^1+ S^1- As^3+","Apea","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Argentopentlandite","Argentopentlandite","Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8","Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8","Ag(Fe,Ni)_8_S_8_","Ag(Fe,Ni)_8_S_8_","Ag Fe Ni S","IMA1970-047"," ",929,"Pentlandite","cubic","Fm3m","Ag Fe Ni S","Apn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Argentopolybasite","Argentopolybasite","[Ag1+9Ag1+S2-4][Ag1+6Sb3+2S2-7]","[Ag9AgS4][Ag6Sb2S7]","[Ag_9_AgS_4_][Ag_6_Sb_2_S_7_]","[Ag^1+^_9_Ag^1+^S^2-^_4_][Ag^1+^_6_Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_7_]","Ag S Sb","IMA2021-119"," ",7223,"Polybasite","hexagonal, monoclinic","P321, C2/c","Ag^1+ S^2- Sb^3+","Aplb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Argentopyrite","Argentopyrite","Ag1+Fe2+Fe3+S2-3","AgFe2S3","AgFe_2_S_3_","Ag^1+^Fe^2+^Fe^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag Fe S"," "," ",930,"Cubanite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Agpy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Argentotennantite-(Fe)","Argentotennantite-(Fe)","Ag1+6(Cu1+4Fe2+2)As3+4S2-13","Ag6(Cu4Fe2)As4S13","Ag_6_(Cu_4_Fe_2_)As_4_S_13_","Ag^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Fe^2+^_2_)As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Ag Cu Fe As S","IMA2023-126"," ",7481,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Fe^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Atnt-Fe",,"No" +"Argentotennantite-(Zn)","Argentotennantite-(Zn)","Ag1+6Cu1+4Zn2+2As3+4S2-13","Ag6(Cu4Zn2)As4S13","Ag_6_(Cu_4_Zn_2_)As_4_S_13_","Ag^1+^_6_Cu^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Ag Cu Zn As S","IMA1985-026, IMA2019 s.p."," ",931,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Zn^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Atnt-Zn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Argentotetrahedrite-(Cd)","Argentotetrahedrite-(Cd)","Ag1+6(Cu1+4Cd2+2)Sb3+4S2-13","Ag6(Cu4Cd2)Sb4S13","Ag_6_(Cu_4_Cd_2_)Sb_4_S_13_","Ag^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Cd^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Ag Cu Cd Sb S","IMA2022-053"," ",7273,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Cd^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Attr-Cd",,"No" +"Argentotetrahedrite-(Fe)","Argentotetrahedrite-(Fe)","Ag1+6(Cu1+4Fe2+2)Sb3+4S2-13","Ag6(Cu4Fe2)Sb4S13","Ag_6_(Cu_4_Fe_2_)Sb_4_S_13_","Ag^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Fe^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Ag Cu Fe Sb S","IMA2016-093, IMA2019 s.p."," ",5374,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Attr-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Argentotetrahedrite-(Hg)","Argentotetrahedrite-(Hg)","Ag1+6(Cu1+4Hg2+2)Sb3+4S2-13","Ag6(Cu4Hg2)Sb4S13","Ag_6_(Cu_4_Hg_2_)Sb_4_S_13_","Ag^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Hg^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Ag Cu Hg Sb S","IMA2020-079"," ",7094,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Attr-Hg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Argentotetrahedrite-(Zn)","Argentotetrahedrite-(Zn)","Ag1+6(Cu1+4Zn2+2)Sb3+4S2-13","Ag6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S13","Ag_6_(Cu_4_Zn_2_)Sb_4_S_13_","Ag^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Ag Cu Zn Sb S","IMA2020-069"," ",7085,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Zn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Attr-Zn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Argesite","Argesite","(N3-H4)7Bi3+3Cl16","(NH4)7Bi3Cl16","(NH_4_)_7_Bi_3_Cl_16_","(N^3-^H_4_)_7_Bi^3+^_3_Cl_16_","N H Bi Cl","IMA2011-072"," ",6015,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3c","N^3- H Bi^3+ Cl","Age","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Argutite","Argutite","GeO2","GeO2","GeO_2_","GeO_2_","Ge O","IMA1980-067"," ",932,"Rutile","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Ge O","Agt","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Argyrodite","Argyrodite","Ag1+8Ge4+S2-6","Ag8GeS6","Ag_8_GeS_6_","Ag^1+^_8_Ge^4+^S^2-^_6_","Ag Ge S"," "," ",933,"Argyrodite","orthorhombic","Pna21","Ag^1+ Ge^4+ S^2-","Agy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Arhbarite","Arhbarite","Cu2+2MgAs5+O4(OH)3","Cu2Mg(AsO4)(OH)3","Cu_2_Mg(AsO_4_)(OH)_3_","Cu^2+^_2_MgAs^5+^O_4_(OH)_3_","Cu Mg As O H","IMA1981-044"," ",934,"Gilmarite","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ Mg As^5+ O H","Arh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ariegilatite","Ariegilatite","BaCa12(SiO4)4(PO4)2F2O","BaCa12(SiO4)4(PO4)2F2O","BaCa_12_(SiO_4_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_O","BaCa_12_(SiO_4_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_O","Ba Ca Si O P F","IMA2016-100"," ",6627,"Arctite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Ca Si O P F","Agi","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Arisite-(Ce)","Arisite-(Ce)","NaCe3+2(CO3)2[(CO3)1-xF2x]F","NaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F","NaCe_2_(CO_3_)_2_[F_2x_(CO_3_)_1-x_]F","NaCe^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_2_[(CO_3_)_1-x_F_2x_]F","Na Ce C O F","IMA2009-013"," ",5742,"Arisite","hexagonal","P6m2","Na Ce^3+ C O F","Ari-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Arisite-(La)","Arisite-(La)","NaLa2(CO3)2[(CO3)1-xF2x]F","NaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F","NaLa_2_(CO_3_)_2_[F_2x_(CO_3_)_1-x_]F","NaLa_2_(CO_3_)_2_[(CO_3_)_1-x_F_2x_]F","Na La C O F","IMA2009-019"," ",5748,"Arisite","hexagonal","P6m2","Na La C O F","Ari-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Aristarainite","Aristarainite","Na2Mg[B6O8(OH)4]2·4H2O","Na2Mg[B6O8(OH)4]2·4H2O","Na_2_Mg[B_6_O_8_(OH)_4_]_2_·4H_2_O","Na_2_Mg[B_6_O_8_(OH)_4_]_2_·4H_2_O","Na Mg B O H","IMA1973-029"," ",935,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Mg B O H","Ais","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Armalcolite","Armalcolite","(Mg,Fe2+)Ti4+2O5","(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5","(Mg,Fe^2+^)Ti_2_O_5_","(Mg,Fe^2+^)Ti^4+^_2_O_5_","Mg Fe Ti O","IMA1970-006"," ",936,"Pseudobrookite","orthorhombic","Bbmm","Mg Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O","Arm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism","No" +"Armangite","Armangite","Mn2+26As3+18O50(CO3)(OH)4","Mn2+26[As3+6(OH)4O14][As3+6O18]2(CO3)","Mn^2+^_26_[As^3+^_6_(OH)_4_O_14_][As^3+^_6_O_18_]_2_(CO_3_)","Mn^2+^_26_As^3+^_18_O_50_(CO_3_)(OH)_4_","Mn As O H C"," "," ",937,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P3","Mn^2+ As^3+ O C H","Amg","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Armbrusterite","Armbrusterite","Na6K5Mn3+Mn2+14[Si9O22]4(OH)10·4H2O","Na6K5Mn3+Mn2+14(Si9O22)4(OH)10·4H2O","Na_6_K_5_Mn^3+^Mn^2+^_14_(Si_9_O_22_)_4_(OH)_10_·4H_2_O","Na_6_K_5_Mn^3+^Mn^2+^_14_[Si_9_O_22_]_4_(OH)_10_·4H_2_O","Na K Mn Si O H","IMA2005-035"," ",5354,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Na K Mn^3+ Mn^2+ Si O H","Abr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Armellinoite-(Ce)","Armellinoite-(Ce)","Ca4Ce4+(As5+O4)4·H2O","Ca4Ce4+(AsO4)4·H2O","Ca_4_Ce^4+^(AsO_4_)_4_·H_2_O","Ca_4_Ce^4+^(As^5+^O_4_)_4_·H_2_O","Ca Ce As O H","IMA2018-094"," ",6823,"Pottsite","tetragonal","I41/a","Ca Ce^4+ As^5+ O H","Aml-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Armenite","Armenite","BaCa2(Al6Si9)O30·2H2O","BaCa2(Al6Si9)O30·2H2O","BaCa_2_(Al_6_Si_9_)O_30_·2H_2_O","BaCa_2_(Al_6_Si_9_)O_30_·2H_2_O","Ba Ca Al Si O H"," "," ",938,"Milarite","orthorhombic","Pnna, Pnc2","Ba Ca Al Si O H","Amn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Armstrongite","Armstrongite","CaZr4+Si6O15·2H2O","CaZr(Si6O15)·2H2O","CaZr(Si_6_O_15_)·2H_2_O","CaZr^4+^Si_6_O_15_·2H_2_O","Ca Zr Si O H","IMA1972-018"," ",939,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m, C2","Ca Zr^4+ Si O H","Asg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Arrheniusite-(Ce)","Arrheniusite-(Ce)","CaMg[(Ce3+7Y3)Ca5](SiO4)3(Si3B3O18)(As5+O4)(BO3)F11","CaMg[(Ce7Y3)Ca5](SiO4)3(Si3B3O18)(AsO4)(BO3)F11","CaMg[(Ce_7_Y_3_)Ca_5_](SiO_4_)_3_(Si_3_B_3_O_18_)(AsO_4_)(BO_3_)F_11_","CaMg[(Ce^3+^_7_Y_3_)Ca_5_](SiO_4_)_3_(Si_3_B_3_O_18_)(As^5+^O_4_)(BO_3_)F_11_","Ca Mg Ce Y Si O B As F","IMA2019-086"," ",6973,"Okanoganite","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Mg Ce^3+ Y Si O B As^5+ F","Arr-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Arrojadite-(BaNa)","Arrojadite-(BaNa)","BaNa3(NaCa)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","BaNa3(NaCa)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","BaNa_3_(NaCa)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","BaNa_3_(NaCa)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","Ba Na Ca Fe Al P O H","IMA2014-071"," ",6373,"Arrojadite","monoclinic","C2/c, Cc","Ba Na Ca Fe^2+ Al P O H","Ajd-BaNa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Arrojadite-(KFe)","Arrojadite-(KFe)","(KNa)Fe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","(KNa)Fe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","(KNa)Fe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","(KNa)Fe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","K Na Fe Ca Al P O H","IMA2005 s.p."," ",5339,"Arrojadite","monoclinic","A2/a, C2/c, B2/b","K Na Fe^2+ Ca Al P O H","Ajd-KFe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Arrojadite-(KNa)","Arrojadite-(KNa)","KNa3(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","KNa3(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","KNa_3_(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","KNa_3_(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","K Na Ca Fe Al P O H","IMA2005-047"," ",940,"Arrojadite","monoclinic","A2/a, Cc","K Na Ca Fe^2+ Al P O H","Ajd-KNa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Arrojadite-(PbFe)","Arrojadite-(PbFe)","Pb2+Fe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","PbFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","PbFe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^Fe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","Pb Fe Ca Na Al P O H","IMA2005-056"," ",5341,"Arrojadite","monoclinic","Cc","Pb^2+ Fe^2+ Ca Na Al P O H","Ajd-PbFe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Arrojadite-(SrFe)","Arrojadite-(SrFe)","SrFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","SrFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","SrFe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","SrFe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","Sr Fe Ca Na Al P O H","IMA2005-032"," ",5340,"Arrojadite","monoclinic","Cc","Sr Fe^2+ Ca Na Al P O H","Ajd-SrFe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Arsenatrotitanite","Arsenatrotitanite","NaTi4+(As5+O4)O","NaTi(AsO4)O","NaTi(AsO_4_)O","NaTi^4+^(As^5+^O_4_)O","Na Ti As O","IMA2016-015"," ",6591,"Titanite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ti^4+ As^5+ O","Anttn","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Arsenbrackebuschite","Arsenbrackebuschite","Pb2+2(Fe3+,Zn2+)(As5+O4)2(OH,H2O)","Pb2(Fe3+,Zn)(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)","Pb_2_(Fe^3+^,Zn)(AsO_4_)_2_(OH,H_2_O)","Pb^2+^_2_(Fe^3+^,Zn^2+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH,H_2_O)","Pb Fe Zn As O H","IMA1977-014"," ",941,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Abbs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arsendescloizite","Arsendescloizite","Pb2+Zn2+As5+O4(OH)","PbZn(AsO4)(OH)","PbZn(AsO_4_)(OH)","Pb^2+^Zn^2+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Pb Zn As O H","IMA1979-030"," ",942,"Adelite","orthorhombic","P212121","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Adcz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arsenic","Arsenic","As","As","As","As","As"," "," ",943,"Arsenic","hexagonal","R3m","As","As","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","Yes" +"Arseniopleite","Arseniopleite","NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(As5+O4)3","NaCaMnMn2(AsO4)3","NaCaMnMn_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","NaCaMn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Mn As O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",944,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","I2/a","Na Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O","Apl","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Arseniosiderite","Arseniosiderite","Ca2Fe3+3O2(As5+O4)3·3H2O","Ca2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3·3H2O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_2_(AsO_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Ca Fe O As H"," "," ",945,"Arseniosiderite","monoclinic","A2/a, Aa","Ca Fe^3+ O As^5+ H","Assd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arsenmarcobaldiite","Arsenmarcobaldiite","Pb2+12(As3+3.2Sb3+2.8)S2-21","Pb12(As3.2Sb2.8)Σ6S21","Pb_12_(As_3.2_Sb_2.8_)_Σ6_S_21_","Pb^2+^_12_(As^3+^_3.2_Sb^3+^_2.8_)S^2-^_21_","Pb As Sb S","IMA2016-045"," ",6573,"Geocronite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Amcb","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Arsenmedaite","Arsenmedaite","Mn2+6As5+Si5O18(OH)","Mn2+6As5+Si5O18(OH)","Mn^2+^_6_As^5+^Si_5_O_18_(OH)","Mn^2+^_6_As^5+^Si_5_O_18_(OH)","Mn As Si O H","IMA2016-099"," ",6626,"Medaite","monoclinic","P21/n","Mn^2+ As^5+ Si O H","Amed","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Arsenoclasite","Arsenoclasite","Mn2+5(As5+O4)2(OH)4","Mn2+5(AsO4)2(OH)4","Mn^2+^_5_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Mn^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Mn As O H"," "," ",946,"Arsenoclasite","orthorhombic","P212121","Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Asc","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Arsenocrandallite","Arsenocrandallite","CaAl3(As5+O4)(As5+O3OH)(OH)6","CaAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6","CaAl_3_(AsO_4_)(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","CaAl_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Ca Al As O H","IMA1980-060"," ",947,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Al As^5+ O H","Acdl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)","Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)","Ce3+Al3(As5+O4)2(OH)6","CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6","CeAl_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ce^3+^Al_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ce Al As O H","IMA1985-053"," ",948,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Ce^3+ Al As^5+ O H","Aflo-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arsenoflorencite-(La)","Arsenoflorencite-(La)","La3+Al3(As5+O4)2(OH)6","LaAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6","LaAl_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","La^3+^Al_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","La Al As O H","IMA2009-078"," ",5807,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","La^3+ Al As^5+ O H","Aflo-La","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arsenogoldfieldite","Arsenogoldfieldite","Cu1+6Cu1+6(As3+2Te4+2)S2-13","Cu6Cu6(As2Te2)S13","Cu_6_Cu_6_(As_2_Te_2_)S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_Cu^1+^_6_(As^3+^_2_Te^4+^_2_)S^2-^_13_","Cu As Te S","IMA2022-084"," ",7304,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ As^3+ Te^4+ S^2-","Asgf",,"No" +"Arsenogorceixite","Arsenogorceixite","BaAl3As5+O4(As5+O3OH)(OH)6","BaAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6","BaAl_3_(AsO_4_)(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","BaAl_3_As^5+^O_4_(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Ba Al As O H","IMA1989-055"," ",949,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Al As^5+ O H","Agcx","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Arsenogoyazite","Arsenogoyazite","SrAl3(As5+O4)(As5+O3OH)(OH)6","SrAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6","SrAl_3_(AsO_4_)(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","SrAl_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Sr Al As O H","IMA1983-043"," ",950,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Sr Al As^5+ O H","Agoy","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Arsenohauchecornite","Arsenohauchecornite","Ni18Bi3AsS16","Ni18Bi3AsS16","Ni_18_Bi_3_AsS_16_","Ni_18_Bi_3_AsS_16_","Ni Bi As S","IMA1978 s.p."," ",951,"Hauchecornite","tetragonal","P4/mmm, I4/mmm","Ni Bi As S","Ahau","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Arsenohopeite","Arsenohopeite","Zn2+3(As5+O4)2·4H2O","Zn3(AsO4)2·4H2O","Zn_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn As O H","IMA2010-069"," ",5908,"Hopeite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Ahop","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arsenolamprite","Arsenolamprite","As","As","As","As","As"," "," ",952,"Arsenolamprite","orthorhombic","Bmab","As","Asl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","Yes" +"Arsenolite","Arsenolite","As3+2O3","As2O3","As_2_O_3_","As^3+^_2_O_3_","As O"," "," ",953,"Arsenolite","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","As^3+ O","Aso","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Arsenopalladinite","Arsenopalladinite","Pd8As3","Pd8As3","Pd_8_As_3_","Pd_8_As_3_","Pd As","IMA1973-002a"," ",954,"Stillwaterite","triclinic","P1","Pd As","Apdn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Arsenopyrite","Arsenopyrite","Fe3+(AsS)3-","FeAsS","FeAsS","Fe^3+^(AsS)^3-^","Fe As S","IMA1962 s.p."," ",955,"Arsenopyrite","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, C21/d, P21/c, B21/d","Fe^3+ As S","Apy","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Arsenotučekite","Arsenotucekite","Ni18Sb3AsS16","Ni18Sb3AsS16","Ni_18_Sb_3_AsS_16_","Ni_18_Sb_3_AsS_16_","Ni Sb As S","IMA2019-135"," ",7018,"Hauchecornite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Ni Sb As S","Atuč","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Arsenoústalečite","Arsenoustalecite","Cu1+6Cu1+6(As3+2Te4+2)Se2-13","Cu6Cu6(As2Te2)Se13","Cu_6_Cu_6_(As_2_Te_2_)Se_13_","Cu^1+^_6_Cu^1+^_6_(As^3+^_2_Te^4+^_2_)Se^2-^_13_","Cu As Te Se","IMA2022-116"," ",7338,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ As^3+ Te^4+ Se^2-","Aúč",,"No" +"Arsenovanmeersscheite","Arsenovanmeersscheite","U6+(U6+O2)3(As5+O4)2(OH)6·4H2O","U(UO2)3(AsO4)2(OH)6·4H2O","U(UO_2_)_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","U^6+^(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","U O As H","IMA2006-018"," ",5573," ","orthorhombic","P21mn","U^6+ O As^5+ H","Avms","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arsenoveszelyite","Arsenoveszelyite","Cu2+2Zn2+(As5+O4)(OH)3·2H2O","Cu2Zn(AsO4)(OH)3·2H2O","Cu_2_Zn(AsO_4_)(OH)_3_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_Zn^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_3_·2H_2_O","Cu Zn As O H","IMA2021-076a"," ",7202,"Veszelyite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Avsz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arsenowagnerite","Arsenowagnerite","Mg2As5+O4F","Mg2(AsO4)F","Mg_2_(AsO_4_)F","Mg_2_As^5+^O_4_F","Mg As O F","IMA2014-100"," ",6398,"Wagnerite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg As^5+ O F","Awag","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Arsenquatrandorite","Arsenquatrandorite","Ag1+17.6Pb2+12.8Sb3+38.1As3+11.5S2-96","Ag17.6Pb12.8Sb38.1As11.5S96","Ag_17.6_Pb_12.8_Sb_38.1_As_11.5_S_96_","Ag^1+^_17.6_Pb^2+^_12.8_Sb^3+^_38.1_As^3+^_11.5_S^2-^_96_","Ag Pb Sb As S","IMA2012-087"," ",6150,"Lillianite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Aado","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Arsentsumebite","Arsentsumebite","Pb2+2Cu2+(As5+O4)(S6+O4)(OH)","Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)","Pb_2_Cu(AsO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)","Pb^2+^_2_Cu^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)","Pb Cu As O S H"," "," ",958,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O S^6+ H","Atsu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arsenudinaite","Arsenudinaite","NaMg4(As5+O4)3","NaMg4(AsO4)3","NaMg_4_(AsO_4_)_3_","NaMg_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Mg As O","IMA2018-067"," ",6799,"Jeffbenite","tetragonal","I42d","Na Mg As^5+ O","Audn","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Arsenuranospathite","Arsenuranospathite","Al(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2F·20H2O","Al(UO2)2(AsO4)2F·20H2O","Al(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_F·20H_2_O","Al(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_F·20H_2_O","Al U O As F H","IMA1982 s.p."," ",959," ","orthorhombic, tetragonal","Pmmm, P42/n, P4/nnc, Pnn2","Al U^6+ O As^5+ F H","Aush","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arsenuranylite","Arsenuranylite","Ca(U6+O2)4(As5+O4)2(OH)4·6H2O","Ca(UO2)4(AsO4)2(OH)4·6H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca U O As H"," "," ",960,"Phosphuranylite","orthorhombic","Bmmb","Ca U^6+ O As^5+ H","Auy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arsiccioite","Arsiccioite","Ag1+Hg2+2Tl1+As3+2S2-6","AgHg2TlAs2S6","AgHg_2_TlAs_2_S_6_","Ag^1+^Hg^2+^_2_Tl^1+^As^3+^_2_S^2-^_6_","Ag Hg Tl As S","IMA2013-058"," ",6220,"Routhierite","tetragonal","I42m","Ag^1+ Hg^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Asi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Arsmirandite","Arsmirandite","Na18Cu2+12Fe3+O8(As5+O4)8Cl5","Na18Cu12Fe3+O8(AsO4)8Cl5","Na_18_Cu_12_Fe^3+^O_8_(AsO_4_)_8_Cl_5_","Na_18_Cu^2+^_12_Fe^3+^O_8_(As^5+^O_4_)_8_Cl_5_","Na Cu Fe O As Cl","IMA2014-081"," ",6379,"Arsmirandite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Cu^2+ Fe^3+ O As^5+ Cl","Asm","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Arthurite","Arthurite","Cu2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2·4H2O","CuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","CuFe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Cu Fe As O H","IMA1964-002"," ",961,"Arthurite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Atu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Artinite","Artinite","Mg2CO3(OH)2·3H2O","Mg2(CO3)(OH)2·3H2O","Mg_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Mg_2_CO_3_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Mg C O H"," "," ",962,"Artinite","monoclinic","C2/m","Mg C O H","Art","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Artroeite","Artroeite","Pb2+AlF3(OH)2","PbAlF3(OH)2","PbAlF_3_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^AlF_3_(OH)_2_","Pb Al F O H","IMA1993-031"," ",963," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Al F O H","Ate","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Artsmithite","Artsmithite","Hg1+4Al(PO4)1.74(OH)1.78","Hg1+4Al(PO4)1.74(OH)1.78","Hg^1+^_4_Al(PO_4_)_1.74_(OH)_1.78_","Hg^1+^_4_Al(PO_4_)_1.74_(OH)_1.78_","Hg Al P O H","IMA2002-039"," ",964," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Hg^1+ Al P O H","Ash","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arupite","Arupite","Ni2+3(PO4)2·8H2O","Ni3(PO4)2·8H2O","Ni_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ni^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ni P O H","IMA1988-008"," ",965,"Vivianite","monoclinic","I2/m, C2/m","Ni^2+ P O H","Arp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Arzamastsevite","Arzamastsevite","K6Al5Si6O20(OH)4Cl","K6Al5Si6O20(OH)4Cl","K_6_Al_5_Si_6_O_20_(OH)_4_Cl","K_6_Al_5_Si_6_O_20_(OH)_4_Cl","K Al Si O H Cl","IMA2024-085"," ",7560,"Edingtonite","tetragonal","I42m","K Al Si O H Cl","Azm",,"No" +"Arzrunite","Arzrunite","Pb2+2Cu2+4S6+O4(OH)4Cl6·2H2O","Pb2Cu4(SO4)(OH)4Cl6·2H2O","Pb_2_Cu_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_4_Cl_6_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_Cu^2+^_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_Cl_6_·2H_2_O","Pb Cu S O H Cl"," "," ",5379," ",,,"Pb^2+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O H Cl","Arz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Asagiite","Asagiite","Ni2+Cu2+4(S6+O4)2(OH)6·6H2O","NiCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·6H2O","NiCu_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Ni^2+^Cu^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Ni Cu S O H","IMA2022-065"," ",7287,"Ktenasite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ni^2+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Asa",,"No" +"Asbecasite","Asbecasite","Ca3Ti4+As3+6Be2Si2O20","Ca3TiAs6Be2Si2O20","Ca_3_TiAs_6_Be_2_Si_2_O_20_","Ca_3_Ti^4+^As^3+^_6_Be_2_Si_2_O_20_","Ca Ti As Be Si O","IMA1965-037"," ",967,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P3c1","Ca Ti^4+ As^3+ Be Si O","Abc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Asbolane","Asbolane","Mn4+(O,OH)2·(Co3+,Ni2+,Mg,Ca)x(OH)2x·nH2O","Mn4+(O,OH)2·(Co,Ni,Mg,Ca)x(OH)2x·nH2O","Mn^4+^(O,OH)_2_·(Co,Ni,Mg,Ca)_x_(OH)_2x_·nH_2_O","Mn^4+^(O,OH)_2_·(Co^3+^,Ni^2+^,Mg,Ca)_x_(OH)_2x_·nH_2_O","Mn O H Co Ni Mg Ca"," "," ",968,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal",,"Mn^4+ O H Co^3+ Ni^2+ Mg Ca","Asb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Aschamalmite","Aschamalmite","Pb2+6-3xBi3+2+xS2-9","Pb6-3xBi2+xS9","Pb_6-3x_Bi_2+x_S_9_","Pb^2+^_6-3x_Bi^3+^_2+x_S^2-^_9_","Pb Bi S","IMA1982-089"," ",969,"Lillianite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Ahm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Åsgruvanite-(Ce)","Asgruvanite-(Ce)","Ce3+16Ca5Al(SiO4)6(As3+O3)8(CO3)2Cl4F3(OH)2","Ce16Ca5Al(SiO4)6(AsO3)8(CO3)2Cl4F3(OH)2","Ce_16_Ca_5_Al(SiO_4_)_6_(AsO_3_)_8_(CO_3_)_2_Cl_4_F_3_(OH)_2_","Ce^3+^_16_Ca_5_Al(SiO_4_)_6_(As^3+^O_3_)_8_(CO_3_)_2_Cl_4_F_3_(OH)_2_","Ce Ca Al Si O As C Cl F H","IMA2025-004"," ",7571,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P3m1","Ce^3+ Ca Al Si O As^3+ C Cl F H","Åsg-Ce",,"No" +"Ashburtonite","Ashburtonite","HPb2+4Cu2+4(Si4O12)(HCO3)4(OH)4Cl","HCu4Pb4Si4O12(HCO3)4(OH)4Cl","HCu_4_Pb_4_Si_4_O_12_(HCO_3_)_4_(OH)_4_Cl","HPb^2+^_4_Cu^2+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)(HCO_3_)_4_(OH)_4_Cl","H Cu Pb Si O C Cl","IMA1990-033"," ",970,"Cerchiaraite","tetragonal","I4/m","H Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Si O C Cl","Ahb","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Ashcroftine-(Y)","Ashcroftine-(Y)","K5Na5Y12Si28O70(OH)2(CO3)8·8H2O","K5Na5Y12Si28O70(OH)2(CO3)8·8H2O","K_5_Na_5_Y_12_Si_28_O_70_(OH)_2_(CO_3_)_8_·8H_2_O","K_5_Na_5_Y_12_Si_28_O_70_(OH)_2_(CO_3_)_8_·8H_2_O","K Na Y Si O H C","IMA1987 s.p."," ",971,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I4/mmm","K Na Y Si O H C","Acf-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ashoverite","Ashoverite","Zn2+(OH)2","Zn(OH)2","Zn(OH)_2_","Zn^2+^(OH)_2_","Zn O H","IMA1986-008"," ",972," ","tetragonal","I41/amd","Zn^2+ O H","Aov","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Asimowite","Asimowite","Fe2+2SiO4","Fe2SiO4","Fe_2_SiO_4_","Fe^2+^_2_SiO_4_","Fe Si O","IMA2018-102"," ",6831,"Wadsleyite","orthorhombic","Imma","Fe^2+ Si O","Amw","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Asisite","Asisite","Pb2+7SiO8Cl2","Pb7SiO8Cl2","Pb_7_SiO_8_Cl_2_","Pb^2+^_7_SiO_8_Cl_2_","Pb Si O Cl","IMA1987-003"," ",973,"Asisite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Pb^2+ Si O Cl","Ass","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Åskagenite-(Nd)","Askagenite-(Nd)","Mn2+Nd(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O2","Mn2+Nd(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O2","Mn^2+^Nd(Al_2_Fe^3+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O_2_","Mn^2+^Nd(Al_2_Fe^3+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O_2_","Mn Nd Al Fe Si O","IMA2009-073"," ",5803,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Mn^2+ Nd Al Fe^3+ Si O","Åsk-Nd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Aspedamite","Aspedamite","☐12(Fe3+,Fe2+)3Nb5+4[Th4+(Nb5+,Fe3+)12O42][(H2O),(OH)]12","☐12(Fe3+,Fe2+)3Nb4[Th(Nb,Fe3+)12O42][(H2O),(OH)]12","[box]_12_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_3_Nb_4_[Th(Nb,Fe^3+^)_12_O_42_][(H_2_O),(OH)]_12_","[box]_12_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_3_Nb^5+^_4_[Th^4+^(Nb^5+^,Fe^3+^)_12_O_42_][(H_2_O),(OH)]_12_","Fe Nb Th O H","IMA2011-056"," ",6000,"Menezesite","cubic","Im3","Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Nb^5+ Th^4+ O H","Apd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Aspidolite","Aspidolite","NaMg3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","NaMg3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","NaMg_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","NaMg_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","Na Mg Si Al O H","IMA2004-049"," ",974,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic, triclinic","C2/m, C1","Na Mg Si Al O H","Asp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Asselbornite","Asselbornite","Pb2+(U6+O2)4(Bi3+O)3(As5+O4)2(OH)7·4H2O","Pb(UO2)4(BiO)3(AsO4)2(OH)7·4H2O","Pb(UO_2_)_4_(BiO)_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_7_·4H_2_O","Pb^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(Bi^3+^O)_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_7_·4H_2_O","Pb U O Bi As H","IMA1980-087"," ",975," ","cubic","Im3m","Pb^2+ U^6+ O Bi^3+ As^5+ H","Asbn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Astrocyanite-(Ce)","Astrocyanite-(Ce)","Cu2+2Ce3+2(U6+O2)(CO3)5(OH)2·1.5H2O","Cu2Ce2(UO2)(CO3)5(OH)2·1.5H2O","Cu_2_Ce_2_(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_5_(OH)_2_·1.5H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_Ce^3+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_5_(OH)_2_·1.5H_2_O","Cu Ce U O C H","IMA1989-032"," ",976," ","hexagonal",,"Cu^2+ Ce^3+ U^6+ O C H","Acy-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Astrophyllite","Astrophyllite","K2NaFe2+7Ti4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F","K2NaFe2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F","K_2_NaFe^2+^_7_Ti_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F","K_2_NaFe^2+^_7_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F","K Na Fe Ti Si O H F"," "," ",977,"Astrophyllite-Astrophyllite","triclinic","P1, A1","K Na Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Ast","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Atacamite","Atacamite","Cu2+2Cl(OH)3","Cu2Cl(OH)3","Cu_2_Cl(OH)_3_","Cu^2+^_2_Cl(OH)_3_","Cu Cl O H"," "," ",978,"Atacamite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pnam","Cu^2+ Cl O H","Ata","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Atelestite","Atelestite","Bi3+2O(As5+O4)(OH)","Bi2O(AsO4)(OH)","Bi_2_O(AsO_4_)(OH)","Bi^3+^_2_O(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)","Bi O As H"," "," ",979,"Atelestite","monoclinic","P21/c","Bi^3+ O As^5+ H","Ale","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Atelisite-(Y)","Atelisite-(Y)","Y4Si3O8(OH)8","Y4Si3O8(OH)8","Y_4_Si_3_O_8_(OH)_8_","Y_4_Si_3_O_8_(OH)_8_","Y Si O H","IMA2010-065"," ",5923,"Zircon","tetragonal","I42d","Y Si O H","Ael-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Atencioite","Atencioite","Ca2Fe2+3Mg2Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca2Fe2+3Mg2Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^_3_Mg_2_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^_3_Mg_2_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca Fe Mg Be P O H","IMA2004-041"," ",5291,"Roscherite","triclinic","P1","Ca Fe^2+ Mg Be P O H","Aco","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Athabascaite","Athabascaite","Cu5Se4","Cu5Se4","Cu_5_Se_4_","Cu_5_Se_4_","Cu Se","IMA1969-022"," ",980," ","orthorhombic",,"Cu Se","Atb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Atheneite","Atheneite","Pd2(As0.75Hg0.25)","Pd2(As0.75Hg0.25)","Pd_2_(As_0.75_Hg_0.25_)","Pd_2_(As_0.75_Hg_0.25_)","Pd As Hg","IMA1973-050"," ",981,"Barringerite","hexagonal","P6/mmm, P62m","Pd As Hg","Ah","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Atlasovite","Atlasovite","Cu2+6Fe3+Bi3+O4(S6+O4)5·KCl","Cu2+6Fe3+Bi3+O4(SO4)5·KCl","Cu^2+^_6_Fe^3+^Bi^3+^O_4_(SO_4_)_5_·KCl","Cu^2+^_6_Fe^3+^Bi^3+^O_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_·KCl","Cu Fe Bi O S K Cl","IMA1986-029"," ",982," ","tetragonal","P4/ncc","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ Bi^3+ O S^6+ K Cl","Atv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Atokite","Atokite","Pd3Sn","Pd3Sn","Pd_3_Sn","Pd_3_Sn","Pd Sn","IMA1974-041"," ",983,"Auricupride, Perovskite","cubic","Fm3m, Pm3m, Pm3m","Pd Sn","Ato","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Attakolite","Attakolite","CaMn2+Al4(HSiO4)(PO4)3(OH)4","CaMn2+Al4(HSiO4)(PO4)3(OH)4","CaMn^2+^Al_4_(HSiO_4_)(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_","CaMn^2+^Al_4_(HSiO_4_)(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_","Ca Mn Al H Si O P","IMA1992 s.p."," ",984," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mn^2+ Al H Si O P","Ako","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Attikaite","Attikaite","Ca3Cu2+2Al2(As5+O4)4(OH)4·2H2O","Ca3Cu2Al2(AsO4)4(OH)4·2H2O","Ca_3_Cu_2_Al_2_(AsO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Ca_3_Cu^2+^_2_Al_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Ca Cu Al As O H","IMA2006-017"," ",5357," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O H","Atk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Aubertite","Aubertite","Cu2+Al(S6+O4)2Cl·14H2O","Cu2+Al(SO4)2Cl·14H2O","Cu^2+^Al(SO_4_)_2_Cl·14H_2_O","Cu^2+^Al(S^6+^O_4_)_2_Cl·14H_2_O","Cu Al S O Cl H","IMA1978-051"," ",985,"Aubertite","triclinic","P1, P1","Cu^2+ Al S^6+ O Cl H","Aub","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Auerbakhite","Auerbakhite","Mn2+Tl1+2As3+2S2-5","MnTl2As2S5","MnTl_2_As_2_S_5_","Mn^2+^Tl^1+^_2_As^3+^_2_S^2-^_5_","Mn Tl As S","IMA2020-047"," ",7053," ","orthorhombic","Cmca","Mn^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Aue","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Augelite","Augelite","Al2PO4(OH)3","Al2(PO4)(OH)3","Al_2_(PO_4_)(OH)_3_","Al_2_PO_4_(OH)_3_","Al P O H"," "," ",986," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Al P O H","Aul","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Augite","Augite","(Ca,Mg,Fe2+)2Si2O6","(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O6","(Ca,Mg,Fe)_2_Si_2_O_6_","(Ca,Mg,Fe^2+^)_2_Si_2_O_6_","Ca Mg Fe Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",987,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mg Fe^2+ Si O","Aug","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Auriacusite","Auriacusite","Fe3+Cu2+(As5+O4)O","Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O","Fe^3+^Cu^2+^(AsO_4_)O","Fe^3+^Cu^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)O","Fe Cu As O","IMA2009-037"," ",5764,"Andalusite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Fe^3+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O","Aur","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Aurichalcite","Aurichalcite","(Zn2+,Cu2+)5(CO3)2(OH)6","(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6","(Zn,Cu)_5_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_","(Zn^2+^,Cu^2+^)_5_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_","Zn Cu C O H"," "," ",988," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Zn^2+ Cu^2+ C O H","Ach","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Auricupride","Auricupride","Cu3Au","Cu3Au","Cu_3_Au","Cu_3_Au","Cu Au"," "," ",989,"Auricupride, Perovskite","cubic","Pm3m","Cu Au","Auc","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Aurihydrargyrumite","Aurihydrargyrumite","Au6Hg5","Au6Hg5","Au_6_Hg_5_","Au_6_Hg_5_","Au Hg","IMA2017-003"," ",6646," ","hexagonal","P63/mcm","Au Hg","Ahg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Aurivilliusite","Aurivilliusite","Hg1+Hg2+OI1-","Hg1+Hg2+OI","Hg^1+^Hg^2+^OI","Hg^1+^Hg^2+^OI^1-^","Hg O I","IMA2002-022"," ",5192," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Hg^1+ Hg^2+ O I^1-","Avl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Auropearceite","Auropearceite","[Ag1+9Au1+S2-4][Ag1+6As3+2S2-7]","[Ag9AuS4][Ag6As2S7]","[Ag_9_AuS_4_][Ag_6_As_2_S_7_]","[Ag^1+^_9_Au^1+^S^2-^_4_][Ag^1+^_6_As^3+^_2_S^2-^_7_]","Ag Au S As","IMA2024-025"," ",7549,"Polybasite","hexagonal","P321","Ag^1+ Au^1+ S^2- As^3+","Aupea",,"No" +"Auropolybasite","Auropolybasite","[Ag1+9Au1+S2-4][Ag1+6Sb3+2S2-7]","[Ag9AuS4][Ag6Sb2S7]","[Ag_9_AuS_4_][Ag_6_Sb_2_S_7_]","[Ag^1+^_9_Au^1+^S^2-^_4_][Ag^1+^_6_Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_7_]","Ag Au S Sb","IMA2024-006"," ",7473,"Polybasite","hexagonal","P321","Ag^1+ Au^1+ S^2- Sb^3+","Auplb",,"No" +"Aurorite","Aurorite","Mn2+Mn4+3O7·3H2O","Mn2+Mn4+3O7·3H2O","Mn^2+^Mn^4+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O","Mn^2+^Mn^4+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O","Mn O H","IMA1966-031"," ",990," ","hexagonal","R3","Mn^2+ Mn^4+ O H","Aro","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Auroselenide","Auroselenide","AuSe","AuSe","AuSe","AuSe","Au Se","IMA2022-052"," ",7272," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Au Se","Ause",,"No" +"Aurostibite","Aurostibite","AuSb2","AuSb2","AuSb_2_","AuSb_2_","Au Sb"," "," ",991,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Au Sb","Ausb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Austinite","Austinite","CaZn2+As5+O4(OH)","CaZn(AsO4)(OH)","CaZn(AsO_4_)(OH)","CaZn^2+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Ca Zn As O H"," "," ",992,"Adelite","orthorhombic","P212121","Ca Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Aus","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Autunite","Autunite","Ca(U6+O2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O","Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·10-12H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·10-12H_2_O","Ca U O P H"," "," ",993,"Autunite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca U^6+ O P H","Aut","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Avdeevite","Avdeevite","NaAl4(Be5Li)(Si6O18)2(H2O)1-2","NaAl4(Be5Li)(Si6O18)2(H2O)1-2","NaAl_4_(Be_5_Li)(Si_6_O_18_)_2_(H_2_O)_1-2_","NaAl_4_(Be_5_Li)(Si_6_O_18_)_2_(H_2_O)_1-2_","Na Al Be Li Si O H","IMA2018-109"," ",6843,"Beryl","hexagonal","P6/mcc","Na Al Be Li Si O H","Avd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Avdoninite","Avdoninite","K2Cu2+5Cl8(OH)4·2H2O","K2Cu5Cl8(OH)4·2H2O","K_2_Cu_5_Cl_8_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","K_2_Cu^2+^_5_Cl_8_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","K Cu Cl O H","IMA2005-046a"," ",5318," ","monoclinic","P21/c","K Cu^2+ Cl O H","Avn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Averievite","Averievite","Cu2+5O2(V5+O4)2·Cu2+Cl2","Cu5O2(VO4)2·CuCl2","Cu_5_O_2_(VO_4_)_2_·CuCl_2_","Cu^2+^_5_O_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_·Cu^2+^Cl_2_","Cu O V Cl","IMA1995-027"," ",994," ","hexagonal","P3","Cu^2+ O V^5+ Cl","Avv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Avicennite","Avicennite","Tl3+2O3","Tl2O3","Tl_2_O_3_","Tl^3+^_2_O_3_","Tl O"," "," ",995,"Bixbyite","cubic","Ia3, I213","Tl^3+ O","Avc","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Avogadrite","Avogadrite","KBF4","KBF4","KBF_4_","KBF_4_","K B F"," "," ",996,"Baryte","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pbnm","K B F","Avg","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Awaruite","Awaruite","Ni3Fe","Ni3Fe","Ni_3_Fe","Ni_3_Fe","Ni Fe"," "," ",997,"Auricupride, Perovskite","cubic","Fm3m, Pm3m","Ni Fe","Awr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Axelite","Axelite","Na14Cu2+7(As5+O4)8F2Cl2","Na14Cu7(AsO4)8F2Cl2","Na_14_Cu_7_(AsO_4_)_8_F_2_Cl_2_","Na_14_Cu^2+^_7_(As^5+^O_4_)_8_F_2_Cl_2_","Na Cu As O F Cl","IMA2017-015a"," ",6676,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","P4bm","Na Cu^2+ As^5+ O F Cl","Axe","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Axinite-(Fe)","Axinite-(Fe)","Ca4Fe2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2","Ca4Fe2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2","Ca_4_Fe^2+^_2_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_","Ca_4_Fe^2+^_2_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_","Ca Fe Al B Si O H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",1880,"Axinite","triclinic","P1","Ca Fe^2+ Al B Si O H","Ax-Fe","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Axinite-(Mg)","Axinite-(Mg)","Ca4Mg2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2","Ca4Mg2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2","Ca_4_Mg_2_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_","Ca_4_Mg_2_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_","Ca Mg Al B Si O H","IMA1975-025"," ",2930,"Axinite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg Al B Si O H","Ax-Mg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Axinite-(Mn)","Axinite-(Mn)","Ca4Mn2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2","Ca4Mn2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2","Ca_4_Mn^2+^_2_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_","Ca_4_Mn^2+^_2_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_","Ca Mn Al B Si O H","IMA2004 s.p."," ",2992,"Axinite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mn^2+ Al B Si O H","Ax-Mn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Azoproite","Azoproite","Mg2((Ti4+,Mg),Fe3+)O2BO3","Mg2[(Ti,Mg),Fe3+]O2(BO3)","Mg_2_[(Ti,Mg),Fe^3+^]O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg_2_((Ti^4+^,Mg),Fe^3+^)O_2_BO_3_","Mg Ti Fe O B","IMA1970-021"," ",998,"Ludwigite","orthorhombic","Pbam","Mg Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O B","Azo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Azurite","Azurite","Cu2+3(CO3)2(OH)2","Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2","Cu_3_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^_3_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu C O H"," "," ",999,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ C O H","Azu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Babánekite","Babanekite","Cu2+3(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Cu3(AsO4)2·8H2O","Cu_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Cu As O H","IMA2012-007"," ",6063,"Vivianite","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Bbá","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Babefphite","Babefphite","BaBePO4F","BaBe(PO4)F","BaBe(PO_4_)F","BaBePO_4_F","Ba Be P O F","IMA1966-003"," ",1000," ","tetragonal, orthorhombic, triclinic","Fdd2, F1","Ba Be P O F","Bbf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Babingtonite","Babingtonite","Ca2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)","Ca2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)","Ca_2_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^Si_5_O_14_(OH)","Ca_2_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^Si_5_O_14_(OH)","Ca Fe Si O H"," "," ",1001,"Rhodonite","triclinic","P1, P1","Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Bab","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Babkinite","Babkinite","Pb2Bi2(S,Se)3","Pb2Bi2(S,Se)3","Pb_2_Bi_2_(S,Se)_3_","Pb_2_Bi_2_(S,Se)_3_","Pb Bi S Se","IMA1994-030"," ",1002,"Tetradymite","hexagonal",,"Pb Bi S Se","Bbk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Babunaite-(Nd)","Babunaite-(Nd)","Nd(As5+O4)","Nd(AsO4)","Nd(AsO_4_)","Nd(As^5+^O_4_)","Nd As O","IMA2025-032"," ",7590,"Scheelite","tetragonal","I41/a","Nd As^5+ O","Bbu-Nd",,"No" +"Bacaferrite","Bacaferrite","BaCaFe3+4O8","BaCaFe4O8","BaCaFe_4_O_8_","BaCaFe^3+^_4_O_8_","Ba Ca Fe O","IMA2023-109"," ",7456,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P31m","Ba Ca Fe^3+ O","Bcf",,"No" +"Backite","Backite","Pb2+2AlTe6+O6Cl","Pb2AlTeO6Cl","Pb_2_AlTeO_6_Cl","Pb^2+^_2_AlTe^6+^O_6_Cl","Pb Al Te O Cl","IMA2013-113"," ",6272,"Backite","hexagonal","P312","Pb^2+ Al Te^6+ O Cl","Bac","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Badakhshanite-(Y)","Badakhshanite-(Y)","Y2Mn2+4Al(Si2B7BeO24)","Y2Mn4Al(Si2B7BeO24)","Y_2_Mn_4_Al(Si_2_B_7_BeO_24_)","Y_2_Mn^2+^_4_Al(Si_2_B_7_BeO_24_)","Y Mn Al Si B Be O","IMA2018-085"," ",6815,"Perettiite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pmna","Y Mn^2+ Al Si B Be O","Bad-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Badalovite","Badalovite","NaNaMg(MgFe3+)(As5+O4)3","NaNaMg(MgFe3+)(AsO4)3","NaNaMg(MgFe^3+^)(AsO_4_)_3_","NaNaMg(MgFe^3+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Mg Fe As O","IMA2016-053"," ",6581,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mg Fe^3+ As^5+ O","Bdl","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Baddeleyite","Baddeleyite","Zr4+O2","ZrO2","ZrO_2_","Zr^4+^O_2_","Zr O"," "," ",1003,"Baddeleyite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","P21/c, Pbc21","Zr^4+ O","Bdy","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Badengzhuite","Badengzhuite","TiP","TiP","TiP","TiP","Ti P","IMA2019-076"," ",6961," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ti P","Bdz","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Bafertisite","Bafertisite","Ba2Fe2+4Ti4+2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2","Ba2Fe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2","Ba_2_Fe^2+^_4_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_F_2_","Ba_2_Fe^2+^_4_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_F_2_","Ba Fe Ti Si O H F","IMA2016 s.p."," ",1004,"Seidozerite-Bafertisite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Cm","Ba Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Bft","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Baghdadite","Baghdadite","Ca3Zr4+(Si2O7)O2","Ca6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4","Ca_6_Zr_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_4_","Ca_3_Zr^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)O_2_","Ca Zr Si O","IMA1982-075"," ",1005,"Wöhlerite","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Ca Zr^4+ Si O","Bgd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Bahariyaite","Bahariyaite","K(MnO4)1-","KMnO4","KMnO_4_","K(MnO_4_)^1-^","K Mn O","IMA2020-022"," ",7044,"Baryte","orthorhombic","Pnma","K Mn O","Bah","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Bahianite","Bahianite","Al5Sb5+3O14(OH)2","Al5Sb5+3O14(OH)2","Al_5_Sb^5+^_3_O_14_(OH)_2_","Al_5_Sb^5+^_3_O_14_(OH)_2_","Al Sb O H","IMA1974-027"," ",1006," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Al Sb^5+ O H","Bhi","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Baiamareite","Baiamareite","Ag1+4Pb2+12Fe2+4Sb3+20S2-48","Ag4Pb12Fe4Sb20S48","Ag_4_Pb_12_Fe_4_Sb_20_S_48_","Ag^1+^_4_Pb^2+^_12_Fe^2+^_4_Sb^3+^_20_S^2-^_48_","Ag Pb Fe Sb S","IMA2023-044"," ",7394,"Lillianite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Fe^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Bmt",,"No" +"Baileychlore","Baileychlore","(Zn2+,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8","(Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8","(Zn,Fe^2+^,Al,Mg)_6_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_8_","(Zn^2+^,Fe^2+^,Al,Mg)_6_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_8_","Zn Fe Al Mg Si O H","IMA1986-056"," ",1007,"Chlorite, Clay","monoclinic, triclinic","Ib, C1","Zn^2+ Fe^2+ Al Mg Si O H","Blc","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bainbridgeite-(NdCe)","Bainbridgeite-(NdCe)","Na2Ba2NdCe3+(CO3)6·3H2O","Na2Ba2NdCe(CO3)6·3H2O","Na_2_Ba_2_NdCe(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na_2_Ba_2_NdCe^3+^(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na Ba Nd Ce C O H","IMA2023-018"," ",7374,"Mckelveyite","triclinic","P1","Na Ba Nd Ce^3+ C O H","Bbg-NdCe",,"No" +"Bainbridgeite-(YCe)","Bainbridgeite-(YCe)","Na2Ba2YCe3+(CO3)6·3H2O","Na2Ba2YCe(CO3)6·3H2O","Na_2_Ba_2_YCe(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na_2_Ba_2_YCe^3+^(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na Ba Y Ce C O H","IMA2020-065"," ",7078,"Mckelveyite","triclinic","P1","Na Ba Y Ce^3+ C O H","Bbg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bairdite","Bairdite","Pb2+2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(S6+O4)·H2O","Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4)·H2O","Pb_2_Cu^2+^_4_Te^6+^_2_O_10_(OH)_2_(SO_4_)·H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_Cu^2+^_4_Te^6+^_2_O_10_(OH)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)·H_2_O","Pb Cu Te O H S","IMA2012-061"," ",6117,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H S^6+","Bai","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bakakinite","Bakakinite","Ca2V5+2O7","Ca2V2O7","Ca_2_V_2_O_7_","Ca_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_","Ca V O","IMA2022-046"," ",7266,"Anastasenkoite","triclinic","P1","Ca V^5+ O","Bkkn",,"No" +"Bakhchisaraitsevite","Bakhchisaraitsevite","Na2Mg5(PO4)4·7H2O","Na2Mg5(PO4)4·7H2O","Na_2_Mg_5_(PO_4_)_4_·7H_2_O","Na_2_Mg_5_(PO_4_)_4_·7H_2_O","Na Mg P O H","IMA1999-005"," ",1009," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Mg P O H","Bkc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Baksanite","Baksanite","Bi6Te2S3","Bi6Te2S3","Bi_6_Te_2_S_3_","Bi_6_Te_2_S_3_","Bi Te S","IMA1992-042"," ",1010,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","P3m1","Bi Te S","Bks","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Balangeroite","Balangeroite","Mg21Si8O27(OH)20","Mg21Si8O27(OH)20","Mg_21_Si_8_O_27_(OH)_20_","Mg_21_Si_8_O_27_(OH)_20_","Mg Si O H","IMA1982-002"," ",1011," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic, triclinic","P2/n, P1","Mg Si O H","Bal","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Balestraite","Balestraite","KLi2V5+Si4O12","KLi2V5+Si4O12","KLi_2_V^5+^Si_4_O_12_","KLi_2_V^5+^Si_4_O_12_","K Li V Si O","IMA2013-080"," ",6239,"Mica","monoclinic","C2","K Li V^5+ Si O","Bls","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Balićžunićite","Baliczunicite","Bi3+2O(S6+O4)2","Bi2O(SO4)2","Bi_2_O(SO_4_)_2_","Bi^3+^_2_O(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Bi O S","IMA2012-098"," ",6161," ","triclinic","P1","Bi^3+ O S^6+","Bžć","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Balipholite","Balipholite","LiBaMg2Al3(Si2O6)2(OH)8","LiBaMg2Al3(Si2O6)2(OH)8","LiBaMg_2_Al_3_(Si_2_O_6_)_2_(OH)_8_","LiBaMg_2_Al_3_(Si_2_O_6_)_2_(OH)_8_","Li Ba Mg Al Si O H"," "," ",1012,"Carpholite","orthorhombic","Ccca","Li Ba Mg Al Si O H","Blp","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Balkanite","Balkanite","Ag5Cu9HgS8","Ag5Cu9HgS8","Ag_5_Cu_9_HgS_8_","Ag_5_Cu_9_HgS_8_","Ag Cu Hg S","IMA1971-009"," ",1013," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pmmm, P2/m","Ag Cu Hg S","Bkn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Balliranoite","Balliranoite","(Na,K)6Ca2(Si6Al6O24)Cl2(CO3)","(Na,K)6Ca2(Si6Al6O24)Cl2(CO3)","(Na,K)_6_Ca_2_(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)Cl_2_(CO_3_)","(Na,K)_6_Ca_2_(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)Cl_2_(CO_3_)","Na K Ca Si Al O Cl C","IMA2008-065"," ",5725,"Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P63","Na K Ca Si Al O Cl C","Blr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Balyakinite","Balyakinite","Cu2+Te4+O3","Cu2+(Te4+O3)","Cu^2+^(Te^4+^O_3_)","Cu^2+^Te^4+^O_3_","Cu Te O","IMA1980-001"," ",1014," ","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Cu^2+ Te^4+ O","Byk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bambollaite","Bambollaite","Cu(Se,Te)2","Cu(Se,Te)2","Cu(Se,Te)_2_","Cu(Se,Te)_2_","Cu Se Te","IMA1965-014"," ",1015," ","tetragonal","I41/amd","Cu Se Te","Bmb","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bamfordite","Bamfordite","Fe3+Mo6+2O6(OH)3·H2O","Fe3+Mo2O6(OH)3·H2O","Fe^3+^Mo_2_O_6_(OH)_3_·H_2_O","Fe^3+^Mo^6+^_2_O_6_(OH)_3_·H_2_O","Fe Mo O H","IMA1996-059"," ",1016," ","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ Mo^6+ O H","Bfd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Banalsite","Banalsite","Na2BaAl4Si4O16","Na2BaAl4Si4O16","Na_2_BaAl_4_Si_4_O_16_","Na_2_BaAl_4_Si_4_O_16_","Na Ba Al Si O"," "," ",1017," ","orthorhombic","Iba2, Ibam","Na Ba Al Si O","Bns","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Bandylite","Bandylite","Cu2+B(OH)4Cl","CuB(OH)4Cl","CuB(OH)_4_Cl","Cu^2+^B(OH)_4_Cl","Cu B O H Cl"," "," ",1018," ","tetragonal","P4/nmm, P4/n","Cu^2+ B O H Cl","Bny","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bannermanite","Bannermanite","(Na,K)xV4+xV5+6-xO15 (0.5","(Na,K)xV4+xV5+6-xO15 (0.5","(Na,K)_x_V^4+^_x_V^5+^_6-x_O_15_ (0.5","(Na,K)_x_V^4+^_x_V^5+^_6-x_O_15_ (0.5","Na K V O","IMA1980-010"," ",1019," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Na K V^4+ V^5+ O","Bnm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Bannisterite","Bannisterite","(Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8·nH2O","(Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8·nH2O","(Ca,K,Na)(Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^)_10_(Si,Al)_16_O_38_(OH)_8_·nH_2_O","(Ca,K,Na)(Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^)_10_(Si,Al)_16_O_38_(OH)_8_·nH_2_O","Ca K Na Mn Fe Si Al O H","IMA1967-005"," ",4972,"Stilpnomelane, Clay","monoclinic","A2/a","Ca K Na Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Si Al O H","Ban","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Baotite","Baotite","Ba4(Ti4+,Nb5+,W6+)8O16(SiO3)4Cl","Ba4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl","Ba_4_(Ti,Nb,W)_8_O_16_(SiO_3_)_4_Cl","Ba_4_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^,W^6+^)_8_O_16_(SiO_3_)_4_Cl","Ba Ti Nb W O Si Cl","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1020,"Baotite","tetragonal","I41/a","Ba Ti^4+ Nb^5+ W^6+ O Si Cl","Bao","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Barahonaite-(Al)","Barahonaite-(Al)","(Ca,Cu2+,Na,Fe3+,Al)12Al2(As5+O4)8(OH,Cl)x·nH2O","(Ca,Cu,Na,Fe3+,Al)12Al2(AsO4)8(OH,Cl)x·nH2O","(Ca,Cu,Na,Fe^3+^,Al)_12_Al_2_(AsO_4_)_8_(OH,Cl)_x_·nH_2_O","(Ca,Cu^2+^,Na,Fe^3+^,Al)_12_Al_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_8_(OH,Cl)_x_·nH_2_O","Ca Cu Na Fe Al As O H Cl","IMA2006-051"," ",5592," ","monoclinic",,"Ca Cu^2+ Na Fe^3+ Al As^5+ O H Cl","Bho-Al","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Barahonaite-(Fe)","Barahonaite-(Fe)","(Ca,Cu2+,Na,Fe3+,Al)12Fe3+2(As5+O4)8(OH,Cl)x·nH2O","(Ca,Cu,Na,Fe3+,Al)12Fe3+2(AsO4)8(OH,Cl)x·nH2O","(Ca,Cu,Na,Fe^3+^,Al)_12_Fe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_8_(OH,Cl)_x_·nH_2_O","(Ca,Cu^2+^,Na,Fe^3+^,Al)_12_Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_8_(OH,Cl)_x_·nH_2_O","Ca Cu Na Fe Al As O H Cl","IMA2006-052"," ",5593," ","monoclinic",,"Ca Cu^2+ Na Fe^3+ Al As^5+ O H Cl","Bho-Fe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bararite","Bararite","(N3-H4)2SiF6","(NH4)2SiF6","(NH_4_)_2_SiF_6_","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_SiF_6_","N H Si F"," "," ",1021," ","hexagonal","R3m, P3m1","N^3- H Si F","Brr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Baratovite","Baratovite","KLi3Ca7Ti4+2(SiO3)12F2","KLi3Ca7Ti2(SiO3)12F2","KLi_3_Ca_7_Ti_2_(SiO_3_)_12_F_2_","KLi_3_Ca_7_Ti^4+^_2_(SiO_3_)_12_F_2_","K Li Ca Ti Si O F","IMA1974-055"," ",1022,"Baratovite","monoclinic","C2/c","K Li Ca Ti^4+ Si O F","Btv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Barberiite","Barberiite","N3-H4BF4","(NH4)BF4","(NH_4_)BF_4_","N^3-^H_4_BF_4_","N H B F","IMA1993-008"," ",1023,"Baryte","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pbnm","N^3- H B F","Bbi","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Barbosalite","Barbosalite","Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2","Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Fe P O H"," "," ",1025,"Lazulite","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/n","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Bsa","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Barentsite","Barentsite","Na7Al(CO3)2(HCO3)2F4","Na7Al(HCO3)2(CO3)2F4","Na_7_Al(HCO_3_)_2_(CO_3_)_2_F_4_","Na_7_Al(CO_3_)_2_(HCO_3_)_2_F_4_","Na Al H C O F","IMA1982-101"," ",1026," ","triclinic","P1","Na Al C O H F","Brts","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bariandite","Bariandite","Al0.6(V5+,V4+)8O20·9H2O","Al0.6(V5+,V4+)8O20·9H2O","Al_0.6_(V^5+^,V^4+^)_8_O_20_·9H_2_O","Al_0.6_(V^5+^,V^4+^)_8_O_20_·9H_2_O","Al V O H","IMA1970-043"," ",1027,"Straczekite","monoclinic","C2/c","Al V^5+ V^4+ O H","Brd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Barićite","Baricite","(Mg,Fe2+)3(PO4)2·8H2O","(Mg,Fe)3(PO4)2·8H2O","(Mg,Fe)_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","(Mg,Fe^2+^)_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg Fe P O H","IMA1975-027"," ",1028,"Vivianite","monoclinic","C2/m","Mg Fe^2+ P O H","Bć","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Barikaite","Barikaite","Ag1+3Pb2+10(Sb3+8As3+11)S2-40","Ag3Pb10(Sb8As11)Σ19S40","Ag_3_Pb_10_(Sb_8_As_11_)_Σ19_S_40_","Ag^1+^_3_Pb^2+^_10_(Sb^3+^_8_As^3+^_11_)S^2-^_40_","Ag Pb Sb As S","IMA2012-055"," ",6111,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Bka","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Barioferrite","Barioferrite","BaFe3+12O19","BaFe3+12O19","BaFe^3+^_12_O_19_","BaFe^3+^_12_O_19_","Ba Fe O","IMA2009-030"," ",5757,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ba Fe^3+ O","Baf","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Bariolakargiite","Bariolakargiite","BaZr4+O3","BaZrO3","BaZrO_3_","BaZr^4+^O_3_","Ba Zr O","IMA2025-009"," ",7574,"Perovskite","cubic","Pm3m","Ba Zr^4+ O","Blak",,"No" +"Bario-olgite","Bario-olgite","Na(Na,Sr,Ce3+)2Ba(PO4)2","Na(Na,Sr,Ce)2Ba(PO4)2","Na(Na,Sr,Ce)_2_Ba(PO_4_)_2_","Na(Na,Sr,Ce^3+^)_2_Ba(PO_4_)_2_","Na Sr Ce Ba P O","IMA2003-002"," ",5183,"Aphthitalite","hexagonal, tetragonal","P3, I42d","Na Sr Ce^3+ Ba P O","Bolg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bario-orthojoaquinite","Bario-orthojoaquinite","Ba4Fe2+2Ti4+2O2(SiO3)8·H2O","Ba4Fe2+2Ti2O2(SiO3)8·H2O","Ba_4_Fe^2+^_2_Ti_2_O_2_(SiO_3_)_8_·H_2_O","Ba_4_Fe^2+^_2_Ti^4+^_2_O_2_(SiO_3_)_8_·H_2_O","Ba Fe Ti O Si H","IMA1979-081"," ",1029,"Joaquinite","orthorhombic","Ccmm","Ba Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O Si H","Bojq","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Barioperovskite","Barioperovskite","BaTi4+O3","BaTiO3","BaTiO_3_","BaTi^4+^O_3_","Ba Ti O","IMA2006-040"," ",5518,"Perovskite","orthorhombic","Amm2","Ba Ti^4+ O","Bprv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Bariopharmacoalumite","Bariopharmacoalumite","Ba0.5Al4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·4H2O","Ba0.5Al4[(AsO4)3(OH)4]·4H2O","Ba_0.5_Al_4_[(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_]·4H_2_O","Ba_0.5_Al_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Ba Al As O H","IMA2010-041"," ",5871,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic, tetragonal","P43m, I42m","Ba Al As^5+ O H","Bpal","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bariopharmacosiderite","Bariopharmacosiderite","Ba0.5Fe3+4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·5H2O","Ba0.5Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·5H2O","Ba_0.5_Fe^3+^_4_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Ba_0.5_Fe^3+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Ba Fe As O H","IMA1994 s.p."," ",1035,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic, tetragonal","P43m, P42m","Ba Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Bpsd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bariosincosite","Bariosincosite","Ba(V4+O)2(PO4)2·4H2O","Ba(VO)2(PO4)2·4H2O","Ba(VO)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ba(V^4+^O)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ba V O P H","IMA1998-047"," ",1032,"Meta-autunite","tetragonal, monoclinic","Pn","Ba V^4+ O P H","Bscs","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Barkovite","Barkovite","Ni1.5Sn","Ni1.5Sn","Ni_1.5_Sn","Ni_1.5_Sn","Ni Sn","IMA2024-095"," ",7562,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ni Sn","Bark",,"No" +"Barlowite","Barlowite","Cu2+4BrF(OH)6","Cu4BrF(OH)6","Cu_4_BrF(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_4_BrF(OH)_6_","Cu Br F O H","IMA2010-020"," ",5849,"Claringbullite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Cu^2+ Br F O H","Blw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Barnesite","Barnesite","Na2V5+6O16·3H2O","Na2V5+6O16·3H2O","Na_2_V^5+^_6_O_16_·3H_2_O","Na_2_V^5+^_6_O_16_·3H_2_O","Na V O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1036,"Hewettite","monoclinic","P21","Na V^5+ O H","Bar","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Barquillite","Barquillite","Cu1+2(Cd2+,Fe2+)Ge4+S2-4","Cu2(Cd,Fe)GeS4","Cu_2_(Cd,Fe)GeS_4_","Cu^1+^_2_(Cd^2+^,Fe^2+^)Ge^4+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Cd Fe Ge S","IMA1996-050"," ",1037,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I42m","Cu^1+ Cd^2+ Fe^2+ Ge^4+ S^2-","Bql","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Barrerite","Barrerite","Na2(Al2Si7)O18·6H2O","Na2(Si7Al2)O18·6H2O","Na_2_(Si_7_Al_2_)O_18_·6H_2_O","Na_2_(Al_2_Si_7_)O_18_·6H_2_O","Na Si Al O H","IMA1974-017"," ",1038,"Stilbite","orthorhombic","Fmmm, Amma","Na Al Si O H","Bre","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Barringerite","Barringerite","(Fe,Ni)2P","(Fe,Ni)2P","(Fe,Ni)_2_P","(Fe,Ni)_2_P","Fe Ni P","IMA1968-037"," ",1039,"Barringerite","hexagonal","P62m, P321","Fe Ni P","Bgr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Barroisite","Barroisite","☐NaCa[Mg3Al2](Si7Al)O22(OH)2","☐(NaCa)(Mg3Al2)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","[box](NaCa)(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]NaCa[Mg_3_Al_2_](Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",1041,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Al Si O H","Brs","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism","No" +"Barronite","Barronite","(☐0.5Ba0.5)(U6+O2)2Si5O12(OH)·2H2O","(☐0.5Ba0.5)(UO2)2Si5O12(OH)·2H2O","([box]_0.5_Ba_0.5_)(UO_2_)_2_Si_5_O_12_(OH)·2H_2_O","([box]_0.5_Ba_0.5_)(U^6+^O_2_)_2_Si_5_O_12_(OH)·2H_2_O","Ba U O Si H","IMA2024-053"," ",7507," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba U^6+ O Si H","Barr",,"No" +"Barrotite","Barrotite","Cu2+9Al(HSiO4)2(S6+O4)(HAs5+O4)0.5(OH)12·8H2O","Cu9Al(HSiO4)2[(SO4)(HAsO4)0.5](OH)12·8H2O","Cu_9_Al(HSiO_4_)_2_[(SO_4_)(HAsO_4_)_0.5_](OH)_12_·8H_2_O","Cu^2+^_9_Al(HSiO_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(HAs^5+^O_4_)_0.5_(OH)_12_·8H_2_O","Cu Al H Si O S As","IMA2011-063a"," ",6156,"Chalcophyllite","hexagonal","P31","Cu^2+ Al H Si O S^6+ As^5+","Bro","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Barrydawsonite-(Y)","Barrydawsonite-(Y)","Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O9H","Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O9H","Na_1.5_Y_0.5_CaSi_3_O_9_H","Na_1.5_Y_0.5_CaSi_3_O_9_H","Na Y Ca Si O H","IMA2014-042"," ",6337,"Pectolite","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Y Ca Si O H","Bdw-Y","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Barstowite","Barstowite","Pb2+4CO3Cl6·H2O","Pb4(CO3)Cl6·H2O","Pb_4_(CO_3_)Cl_6_·H_2_O","Pb^2+^_4_CO_3_Cl_6_·H_2_O","Pb C O Cl H","IMA1989-057"," ",1042," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ C O Cl H","Bsw","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Bartelkeite","Bartelkeite","Pb2+Fe2+Ge(Ge2O7)(OH)2·H2O","PbFe2+Ge(Ge2O7)(OH)2·H2O","PbFe^2+^Ge(Ge_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Pb^2+^Fe^2+^Ge(Ge_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Pb Fe Ge O H","IMA1979-029"," ",1043,"Lawsonite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Fe^2+ Ge O H","Btk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bartonite","Bartonite","K6Fe20S26S","K6Fe20S26S","K_6_Fe_20_S_26_S","K_6_Fe_20_S_26_S","K Fe S","IMA1977-039"," ",1044,"Djerfisherite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","K Fe S","Btn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Barwoodite","Barwoodite","Mn2+6(Nb5+,☐)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6","Mn2+6(Nb5+,☐)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6","Mn^2+^_6_(Nb^5+^,[box])_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(O,OH)_6_","Mn^2+^_6_(Nb^5+^,[box])_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(O,OH)_6_","Mn Nb Si O H","IMA2017-046"," ",6678,"Welinite","hexagonal","P3","Mn^2+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Bwo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Barylite","Barylite","BaBe2Si2O7","BaBe2Si2O7","BaBe_2_Si_2_O_7_","BaBe_2_Si_2_O_7_","Ba Be Si O","IMA2014 s.p."," ",1045," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pmn21, Pnma, Pn21a, Pm","Ba Be Si O","By","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Barysilite","Barysilite","Pb2+8Mn2+(Si2O7)3","Pb8Mn(Si2O7)3","Pb_8_Mn(Si_2_O_7_)_3_","Pb^2+^_8_Mn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)_3_","Pb Mn Si O"," "," ",1046," ","hexagonal","R3c","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Si O","Bsl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Baryte","Baryte","BaS6+O4","Ba(SO4)","Ba(SO_4_)","BaS^6+^O_4_","Ba S O","IMA1971 s.p."," ",1033,"Baryte","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Ba S^6+ O","Brt","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Barytocalcite","Barytocalcite","BaCa(CO3)2","BaCa(CO3)2","BaCa(CO_3_)_2_","BaCa(CO_3_)_2_","Ba Ca C O"," "," ",1047," ","monoclinic","P21, P21/m","Ba Ca C O","Bcal","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Barytolamprophyllite","Barytolamprophyllite","(BaK)Ti4+2Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2","(BaK)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2","(BaK)Ti_2_Na_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_","(BaK)Ti^4+^_2_Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_","Ba K Ti Na Si O H","IMA2016 s.p."," ",1048,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba K Ti^4+ Na Si O H","Blmp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bassanite","Bassanite","CaS6+O4·0.5H2O","Ca(SO4)·0.5H2O","Ca(SO_4_)·0.5H_2_O","CaS^6+^O_4_·0.5H_2_O","Ca S O H"," "," ",1050,"Rhabdophane","hexagonal, monoclinic","I2, P3121, P3221, C2, B2","Ca S^6+ O H","Bss","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Bassetite","Bassetite","Fe2+(U6+O2)2(PO4)2(H2O)10","Fe2+(UO2)2(PO4)2(H2O)10","Fe^2+^(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_10_","Fe^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_10_","Fe U O P H"," "," ",1051," ","monoclinic, tetragonal","P21/m, P21/n","Fe^2+ U^6+ O P H","Bas","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bassoite","Bassoite","SrV4+3O7·4H2O","SrV4+3O7·4H2O","SrV^4+^_3_O_7_·4H_2_O","SrV^4+^_3_O_7_·4H_2_O","Sr V O H","IMA2011-028"," ",5956,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/m","Sr V^4+ O H","Bso","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bastnäsite-(Ce)","Bastnasite-(Ce)","Ce3+CO3F","Ce(CO3)F","Ce(CO_3_)F","Ce^3+^CO_3_F","Ce C O F","IMA1966 s.p."," ",4888,"Bastnäsite","hexagonal","P62c","Ce^3+ C O F","Bsn-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Bastnäsite-(La)","Bastnasite-(La)","LaCO3F","La(CO3)F","La(CO_3_)F","LaCO_3_F","La C O F","IMA1966 s.p."," ",1053,"Bastnäsite","hexagonal","P62c, P62m","La C O F","Bsn-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Bastnäsite-(Nd)","Bastnasite-(Nd)","NdCO3F","Nd(CO3)F","Nd(CO_3_)F","NdCO_3_F","Nd C O F","IMA2011-062"," ",6006,"Bastnäsite","hexagonal","P62c","Nd C O F","Bsn-Nd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Bastnäsite-(Y)","Bastnasite-(Y)","YCO3F","Y(CO3)F","Y(CO_3_)F","YCO_3_F","Y C O F","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1054,"Bastnäsite","hexagonal",,"Y C O F","Bsn-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Batagayite","Batagayite","CaZn2+2(Zn2+,Cu2+)6(PO4)4[PO3(OH)]3·12H2O","CaZn2(Zn,Cu)6(PO4)4[PO3(OH)]3·12H2O","CaZn_2_(Zn,Cu)_6_(PO_4_)_4_[PO_3_(OH)]_3_·12H_2_O","CaZn^2+^_2_(Zn^2+^,Cu^2+^)_6_(PO_4_)_4_[PO_3_(OH)]_3_·12H_2_O","Ca Zn Cu P O H","IMA2017-002"," ",6645,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21","Ca Zn^2+ Cu^2+ P O H","Btg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Batievaite-(Y)","Batievaite-(Y)","Ca2Y2[(H2O)2☐]Ti4+(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2","Ca2Y2[(H2O)2☐]Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2","Ca_2_Y_2_[(H_2_O)_2_[box]]Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Ca_2_Y_2_[(H_2_O)_2_[box]]Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Ca Y H O Ti Si","IMA2015-016"," ",6422,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","triclinic","P1","Ca Y H O Ti^4+ Si","Bvt-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Batiferrite","Batiferrite","BaTi4+2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19","BaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19","BaTi_2_Fe^3+^_8_Fe^2+^_2_O_19_","BaTi^4+^_2_Fe^3+^_8_Fe^2+^_2_O_19_","Ba Ti Fe O","IMA1997-038"," ",1055,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ba Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ O","Bfe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Batisite","Batisite","Na2BaTi4+2(Si4O12)O2","Na2BaTi2O2(Si2O6)2","Na_2_BaTi_2_O_2_(Si_2_O_6_)_2_","Na_2_BaTi^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_","Na Ba Ti O Si","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1056,"Batisite","orthorhombic","Ima2, Imcm","Na Ba Ti^4+ Si O","Bat","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Batisivite","Batisivite","BaTi4+6(V3+,Cr3+)8(Si2O7)O22","BaTi6(V,Cr)8(Si2O7)O22","BaTi_6_(V,Cr)_8_(Si_2_O_7_)O_22_","BaTi^4+^_6_(V^3+^,Cr^3+^)_8_(Si_2_O_7_)O_22_","Ba Ti V Cr Si O","IMA2006-054"," ",5582," ","triclinic, monoclinic","P1","Ba Ti^4+ V^3+ Cr^3+ Si O","Bsv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Batoniite","Batoniite","Al8(S6+O4)5(OH)14(H2O)18·5H2O","Al8(SO4)5(OH)14(H2O)18·5H2O","Al_8_(SO_4_)_5_(OH)_14_(H_2_O)_18_·5H_2_O","Al_8_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_(OH)_14_(H_2_O)_18_·5H_2_O","Al S O H","IMA2023-008"," ",7363,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Al S^6+ O H","Bato",,"No" +"Baumhauerite II","Baumhauerite II","Pb2+3As3+4S2-9","Pb3As4S9","Pb_3_As_4_S_9_","Pb^2+^_3_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_9_","Pb As S"," "," ",5382,"Sartorite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Bha II","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Baumhauerite","Baumhauerite","Pb2+12As3+16S2-36","Pb12As16S36","Pb_12_As_16_S_36_","Pb^2+^_12_As^3+^_16_S^2-^_36_","Pb As S"," "," ",1057,"Sartorite","triclinic","P1, P1","Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Bha","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Baumoite","Baumoite","Ba0.5[(U6+O2)3O8Mo6+2(OH)3](H2O)3","Ba0.5[(UO2)3O8Mo2(OH)3](H2O)3","Ba_0.5_[(UO_2_)_3_O_8_Mo_2_(OH)_3_](H_2_O)_3_","Ba_0.5_[(U^6+^O_2_)_3_O_8_Mo^6+^_2_(OH)_3_](H_2_O)_3_","Ba U O Mo H","IMA2017-054"," ",6679,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic",,"Ba U^6+ O Mo^6+ H","Bam","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Baumstarkite","Baumstarkite","Ag3Sb3S6","Ag3Sb3S6","Ag_3_Sb_3_S_6_","Ag_3_Sb_3_S_6_","Ag Sb S","IMA1999-049"," ",1059,"Aramayoite","triclinic","P1","Ag Sb S","Bum","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bauranoite","Bauranoite","BaU6+2O7·4-5H2O","BaU2O7·4-5H2O","BaU_2_O_7_·4-5H_2_O","BaU^6+^_2_O_7_·4-5H_2_O","Ba U O H","IMA1971-052"," ",1060,"Wölsendorfite",,,"Ba U^6+ O H","Bau","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bavenite","Bavenite","Ca4Be2+xAl2-xSi9O26-x(OH)2+x (x = 0 to 1)","Ca4Be2+xAl2-xSi9O26-x(OH)2+x (x = 0 to 1)","Ca_4_Be_2+x_Al_2-x_Si_9_O_26-x_(OH)_2+x_ (x = 0 to 1)","Ca_4_Be_2+x_Al_2-x_Si_9_O_26-x_(OH)_2+x_ (x = 0 to 1)","Ca Be Al Si O H","IMA2015 s.p."," ",1061," ","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Ca Be Al Si O H","Bvn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bavsiite","Bavsiite","Ba2V4+2O2[Si4O12]","Ba2V2O2[Si4O12]","Ba_2_V_2_O_2_[Si_4_O_12_]","Ba_2_V^4+^_2_O_2_[Si_4_O_12_]","Ba V O Si","IMA2014-019"," ",6325," ","tetragonal","I4/m","Ba V^4+ O Si","Bav","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Bayanoboite-(Y)","Bayanoboite-(Y)","Ba2Y(CO3)2F3","Ba2Y(CO3)2F3","Ba_2_Y(CO_3_)_2_F_3_","Ba_2_Y(CO_3_)_2_F_3_","Ba Y C O F","IMA2023-084"," ",7424,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Ba Y C O F","Byb-Y",,"No" +"Bayerite","Bayerite","Al(OH)3","Al(OH)3","Al(OH)_3_","Al(OH)_3_","Al O H"," "," ",1062," ","monoclinic","P21/n, P21/a","Al O H","Byr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Bayldonite","Bayldonite","Cu2+3Pb2+O(As5+O3OH)2(OH)2","Cu3PbO(AsO3OH)2(OH)2","Cu_3_PbO(AsO_3_OH)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^_3_Pb^2+^O(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu Pb O As H"," "," ",1063," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ O As^5+ H","Bay","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bayleyite","Bayleyite","Mg2(U6+O2)(CO3)3·18H2O","Mg2(UO2)(CO3)3·18H2O","Mg_2_(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·18H_2_O","Mg_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·18H_2_O","Mg U O C H"," "," ",1064," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Mg U^6+ O C H","Byy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Baylissite","Baylissite","K2Mg(CO3)2·4H2O","K2Mg(CO3)2·4H2O","K_2_Mg(CO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O","K_2_Mg(CO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O","K Mg C O H","IMA1975-024"," ",1065," ","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/n","K Mg C O H","Byl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Bazhenovite","Bazhenovite","Ca8(S5)2-(S6+O3S2-)(OH)12·20H2O","Ca8S5(S2O3)(OH)12·20H2O","Ca_8_S_5_(S_2_O_3_)(OH)_12_·20H_2_O","Ca_8_(S_5_)^2-^(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)(OH)_12_·20H_2_O","Ca S O H","IMA1986-053"," ",1066," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca S S^6+ O S^2- H","Baz","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Bazirite","Bazirite","BaZr4+Si3O9","BaZrSi3O9","BaZrSi_3_O_9_","BaZr^4+^Si_3_O_9_","Ba Zr Si O","IMA1976-053"," ",1067,"Benitoite","hexagonal","P6c2","Ba Zr^4+ Si O","Bzr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bazzite","Bazzite","Be3(Sc,Fe3+,Mg)2Si6O18·Na0.32·nH2O","Be3(Sc,Fe3+,Mg)2Si6O18·Na0.32·nH2O","Be_3_(Sc,Fe^3+^,Mg)_2_Si_6_O_18_·Na_0.32_·nH_2_O","Be_3_(Sc,Fe^3+^,Mg)_2_Si_6_O_18_·Na_0.32_·nH_2_O","Be Sc Fe Mg Si O Na H"," "," ",1068,"Beryl","hexagonal","P6/mcc","Be Sc Fe^3+ Mg Si O Na H","Bz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Bearsite","Bearsite","Be2As5+O4(OH)·4H2O","Be2(AsO4)(OH)·4H2O","Be_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)·4H_2_O","Be_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH)·4H_2_O","Be As O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1069," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Be As^5+ O H","Bea","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bearthite","Bearthite","Ca2Al(PO4)2OH","Ca2Al(PO4)2(OH)","Ca_2_Al(PO_4_)_2_(OH)","Ca_2_Al(PO_4_)_2_OH","Ca Al P O H","IMA1986-050"," ",1070,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Al P O H","Bth","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Beaverite-(Cu)","Beaverite-(Cu)","Pb2+Cu2+Fe3+2(S6+O4)2(OH)6","Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6","Pb(Fe^3+^_2_Cu)(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb Fe Cu S O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1071,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Bvr-Cu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Beaverite-(Zn)","Beaverite-(Zn)","Pb2+Zn2+Fe3+2(S6+O4)2(OH)6","Pb(Fe3+2Zn)(SO4)2(OH)6","Pb(Fe^3+^_2_Zn)(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^Zn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb Fe Zn S O H","IMA2010-086"," ",5928,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Bvr-Zn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bechererite","Bechererite","Zn2+7Cu2+(OH)13[SiO(OH)3S6+O4]","Zn7Cu(OH)13[SiO(OH)3(SO4)]","Zn_7_Cu(OH)_13_[SiO(OH)_3_(SO_4_)]","Zn^2+^_7_Cu^2+^(OH)_13_[SiO(OH)_3_S^6+^O_4_]","Zn Cu O H Si S","IMA1994-005"," ",1072," ","hexagonal","P3, P3","Zn^2+ Cu^2+ O H Si S^6+","Bec","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Beckettite","Beckettite","Ca2V3+6Al6O20","Ca2V6Al6O20","Ca_2_V_6_Al_6_O_20_","Ca_2_V^3+^_6_Al_6_O_20_","Ca V Al O","IMA2015-001"," ",6407,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Ca V^3+ Al O","Bek","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Becquerelite","Becquerelite","Ca(U6+O2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O","Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_6_O_4_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_6_O_4_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O","Ca U O H"," "," ",1073," ","orthorhombic, hexagonal","Pn21a, P3","Ca U^6+ O H","Bqr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM27 - Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bederite","Bederite","Ca2Mn2+4Fe3+2(PO4)6·2H2O","Ca2Mn2+4Fe3+2(PO4)6·2H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_6_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_6_·2H_2_O","Ca Mn Fe P O H","IMA1998-007"," ",1074,"Wicksite","orthorhombic","Pcab","Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Bdr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Beershevaite","Beershevaite","CaFe3+3(PO4)3O","CaFe3+3(PO4)3O","CaFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_O","CaFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_O","Ca Fe P O","IMA2020-095a"," ",7120," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Fe^3+ P O","Bee","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Béhierite","Behierite","TaBO4","Ta(BO4)","Ta(BO_4_)","TaBO_4_","Ta B O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1075,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Ta B O","Béh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Behoite","Behoite","Be(OH)2","Be(OH)2","Be(OH)_2_","Be(OH)_2_","Be O H","IMA1969-031"," ",1076,"Cristobalite","orthorhombic","P212121","Be O H","Beh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Běhounekite","Behounekite","U4+(S6+O4)2·4H2O","U(SO4)2(H2O)4","U(SO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","U^4+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","U S O H","IMA2010-046"," ",5875," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","U^4+ S^6+ O H","Bhn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Beidellite","Beidellite","(Na,Ca)0.3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O","(Na,Ca)0.3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O","(Na,Ca)_0.3_Al_2_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O","(Na,Ca)_0.3_Al_2_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O","Na Ca Al Si O H"," "," ",1077,"Clay, Smectite-vermiculite",,,"Na Ca Al Si O H","Bei","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Belakovskiite","Belakovskiite","Na7(U6+O2)(S6+O4)4(S6+O3OH)·3H2O","Na7(UO2)(SO4)4(SO3OH)(H2O)3","Na_7_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_4_(SO_3_OH)(H_2_O)_3_","Na_7_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(S^6+^O_3_OH)·3H_2_O","Na U O S H","IMA2013-075"," ",6234,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Bkk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Belendorffite","Belendorffite","Cu7Hg6","Cu7Hg6","Cu_7_Hg_6_","Cu_7_Hg_6_","Cu Hg","IMA1989-024"," ",1078," ","hexagonal","R3m","Cu Hg","Bdf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Belkovite","Belkovite","Ba3Nb5+6(Si2O7)2O12","Ba3Nb6(Si2O7)2O12","Ba_3_Nb_6_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_12_","Ba_3_Nb^5+^_6_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_12_","Ba Nb Si O","IMA1989-053"," ",1079," ","hexagonal","P62m","Ba Nb^5+ Si O","Bkv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Bellbergite","Bellbergite","(K,Ba,Sr)2Sr2Ca2(Ca,Na)4(Si,Al)36O72·30H2O","(K,Ba,Sr)2Sr2Ca2(Ca,Na)4(Si,Al)36O72·30H2O","(K,Ba,Sr)_2_Sr_2_Ca_2_(Ca,Na)_4_(Si,Al)_36_O_72_·30H_2_O","(K,Ba,Sr)_2_Sr_2_Ca_2_(Ca,Na)_4_(Si,Al)_36_O_72_·30H_2_O","K Ba Sr Ca Na Si Al O H","IMA1990-057"," ",1080," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","K Ba Sr Ca Na Si Al O H","Blb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bellidoite","Bellidoite","Cu2Se","Cu2Se","Cu_2_Se","Cu_2_Se","Cu Se","IMA1970-050"," ",1081," ","tetragonal","P42/n, P42/nnm","Cu Se","Bld","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bellingerite","Bellingerite","Cu2+3(I5+O3)6·2H2O","Cu3(IO3)6·2H2O","Cu_3_(IO_3_)_6_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_(I^5+^O_3_)_6_·2H_2_O","Cu I O H"," "," ",1082," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ I^5+ O H","Blg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Belloite","Belloite","Cu2+(OH)Cl","Cu(OH)Cl","Cu(OH)Cl","Cu^2+^(OH)Cl","Cu O H Cl","IMA1998-054"," ",1083," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Cu^2+ O H Cl","Bll","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Belmonteite","Belmonteite","CaMn2+2(As5+O4)2(H2O)6·H2O","CaMn2(AsO4)2(H2O)6·H2O","CaMn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_6_·H_2_O","CaMn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_6_·H_2_O","Ca Mn As O H","IMA2024-040"," ",7554,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmca","Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Bmo",,"No" +"Belogubite","Belogubite","Cu2+Zn2+(S6+O4)2·10H2O","CuZn(SO4)2·10H2O","CuZn(SO_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Cu^2+^Zn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Cu Zn S O H","IMA2018-005"," ",6750,"Chalcanthite","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Bgb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Belomarinaite","Belomarinaite","KNa(S6+O4)","KNa(SO4)","KNa(SO_4_)","KNa(S^6+^O_4_)","K Na S O","IMA2017-069a"," ",6747,"Aphthitalite","hexagonal","P3m1","K Na S^6+ O","Bmr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Belousovite","Belousovite","KZn2+(S6+O4)Cl","KZn(SO4)Cl","KZn(SO_4_)Cl","KZn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)Cl","K Zn S O Cl","IMA2016-047"," ",6575,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","K Zn^2+ S^6+ O Cl","Busv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Belovite-(Ce)","Belovite-(Ce)","NaCe3+Sr3(PO4)3F","NaCeSr3(PO4)3F","NaCeSr_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","NaCe^3+^Sr_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","Na Ce Sr P O F"," "," ",5074,"Apatite","hexagonal","P3","Na Ce^3+ Sr P O F","Blv-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Belovite-(La)","Belovite-(La)","NaLaSr3(PO4)3F","NaLaSr3(PO4)3F","NaLaSr_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","NaLaSr_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","Na La Sr P O F","IMA1995-023"," ",1084,"Apatite","hexagonal","P3","Na La Sr P O F","Blv-La","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Belyankinite","Belyankinite","Ca1-2(Ti4+,Zr4+,Nb5+)5O12·9H2O","Ca1-2(Ti,Zr,Nb)5O12·9H2O (?)","Ca_1-2_(Ti,Zr,Nb)_5_O_12_·9H_2_O (?)","Ca_1-2_(Ti^4+^,Zr^4+^,Nb^5+^)_5_O_12_·9H_2_O","Ca Ti Zr Nb O H"," "," ",5383," ",,,"Ca Ti^4+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ O H","Byn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bementite","Bementite","Mn2+7Si6O15(OH)8","Mn7Si6O15(OH)8","Mn_7_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_8_","Mn^2+^_7_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_8_","Mn Si O H","IMA1963 s.p."," ",1085,"Clay","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ Si O H","Bem","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Benauite","Benauite","SrFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","SrFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","SrFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","SrFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Sr Fe P O H","IMA1995-001"," ",1086,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Sr Fe^3+ P O H","Bnu","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Benavidesite","Benavidesite","Pb2+4Mn2+Sb3+6S2-14","Pb4MnSb6S14","Pb_4_MnSb_6_S_14_","Pb^2+^_4_Mn^2+^Sb^3+^_6_S^2-^_14_","Pb Mn Sb S","IMA1980-073"," ",1087," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Bnv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bendadaite","Bendadaite","Fe2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2·4H2O","Fe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Fe As O H","IMA1998-053a"," ",5599,"Arthurite","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Bdd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Benitoite","Benitoite","BaTi4+Si3O9","BaTiSi3O9","BaTiSi_3_O_9_","BaTi^4+^Si_3_O_9_","Ba Ti Si O"," "," ",1088,"Benitoite","hexagonal","P6c2","Ba Ti^4+ Si O","Bni","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Benjaminite","Benjaminite","Ag3Bi7S12","Ag3Bi7S12","Ag_3_Bi_7_S_12_","Ag_3_Bi_7_S_12_","Ag Bi S","IMA1975-003a"," ",1089,"Pavonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ag Bi S","Bnj","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Benleonardite","Benleonardite","Ag1+15Cu1+(Sb3+,As3+)2S2-7Te2-4","Ag15Cu(Sb,As)2S7Te4","Ag_15_Cu(Sb,As)_2_S_7_Te_4_","Ag^1+^_15_Cu^1+^(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_2_S^2-^_7_Te^2-^_4_","Ag Cu Sb As S Te","IMA1985-043"," ",1090,"Polybasite","tetragonal, hexagonal","P3m1","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2- Te^2-","Bln","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bennesherite","Bennesherite","Ba2Fe2+Si2O7","Ba2Fe2+Si2O7","Ba_2_Fe^2+^Si_2_O_7_","Ba_2_Fe^2+^Si_2_O_7_","Ba Fe Si O","IMA2019-068"," ",6953,"Melilite","tetragonal","P421m","Ba Fe^2+ Si O","Bnh","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Benstonite","Benstonite","Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13","Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13","Ba_6_Ca_6_Mg(CO_3_)_13_","Ba_6_Ca_6_Mg(CO_3_)_13_","Ba Ca Mg C O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1091," ","hexagonal","R3","Ba Ca Mg C O","Ben","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Bentorite","Bentorite","Ca6Cr3+2(S6+O4)3(OH)12·26H2O","Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O","Ca_6_Cr_2_(SO_4_)_3_(OH)_12_·26H_2_O","Ca_6_Cr^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_12_·26H_2_O","Ca Cr S O H","IMA1979-042"," ",1092,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P63/mmc, P31c","Ca Cr^3+ S^6+ O H","Bto","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Benyacarite","Benyacarite","(H2O)2Mn2+2(Ti4+2Fe3+)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10·4H2O","(H2O)2Mn2(Ti2Fe3+)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10·4H2O","(H_2_O)_2_Mn_2_(Ti_2_Fe^3+^)(PO_4_)_4_(OF)(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","(H_2_O)_2_Mn^2+^_2_(Ti^4+^_2_Fe^3+^)(PO_4_)_4_(OF)(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","H O Mn Ti Fe P F","IMA1995-002"," ",1093,"Paulkerrite","orthorhombic","Pbca","H O Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ P F","Byc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Beraunite","Beraunite","Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4·6H2O","Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4·6H2O","Fe^3+^_6_(PO_4_)_4_O(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Fe^3+^_6_(PO_4_)_4_O(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA2021 s.p."," ",1094,"Beraunite","monoclinic","C2/c, Cc","Fe^3+ P O H","Bru","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Berborite","Berborite","Be2BO3(OH)·H2O","Be2(BO3)(OH)·H2O","Be_2_(BO_3_)(OH)·H_2_O","Be_2_BO_3_(OH)·H_2_O","Be B O H","IMA1967-004"," ",1095," ","hexagonal","P321, P3, P63, P3c1","Be B O H","Bbo","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Berdesinskiite","Berdesinskiite","V3+2Ti4+O5","V3+2TiO5","V^3+^_2_TiO_5_","V^3+^_2_Ti^4+^O_5_","V Ti O","IMA1980-036"," ",1096,"Berdesinskiite","monoclinic","C2/c","V^3+ Ti^4+ O","Bds","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Berezanskite","Berezanskite","KTi4+2(Li3Si12)O30","KTi2Li3Si12O30","KTi_2_Li_3_Si_12_O_30_","KTi^4+^_2_(Li_3_Si_12_)O_30_","K Ti Li Si O","IMA1996-041"," ",1097,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Ti^4+ Li Si O","Bzk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bergenite","Bergenite","Ca2Ba4(U6+O2)9O6(PO4)6·16H2O","Ca2Ba4(UO2)9O6(PO4)6·16H2O","Ca_2_Ba_4_(UO_2_)_9_O_6_(PO_4_)_6_·16H_2_O","Ca_2_Ba_4_(U^6+^O_2_)_9_O_6_(PO_4_)_6_·16H_2_O","Ca Ba U O P H"," "," ",1098,"Phosphuranylite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Ba U^6+ O P H","Bgn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bergslagite","Bergslagite","CaBe(As5+O4)(OH)","CaBe(AsO4)(OH)","CaBe(AsO_4_)(OH)","CaBe(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)","Ca Be As O H","IMA1983-021"," ",1099,"Gadolinite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Be As^5+ O H","Bgl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Berlinite","Berlinite","AlPO4","Al(PO4)","Al(PO_4_)","AlPO_4_","Al P O"," "," ",1100,"Quartz","hexagonal","P3221, P3121","Al P O","Ber","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bermanite","Bermanite","Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn P O H"," "," ",1101,"Arthurite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","P21","Mn^2+ Mn^3+ P O H","Brm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bernalite","Bernalite","Fe3+(OH)3","Fe(OH)3","Fe(OH)_3_","Fe^3+^(OH)_3_","Fe O H","IMA1991-032"," ",1102,"Perovskite","tetragonal, orthorhombic","Immm","Fe^3+ O H","Bnl","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Bernardevansite","Bernardevansite","Al2(Se4+O3)3·6H2O","Al2(Se4+O3)3·6H2O","Al_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_·6H_2_O","Al_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_·6H_2_O","Al Se O H","IMA2022-057"," ",7239,"Mandarinoite","monoclinic","P21/c","Al Se^4+ O H","Bev","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bernardite","Bernardite","Tl1+As3+5S2-8","TlAs5S8","TlAs_5_S_8_","Tl^1+^As^3+^_5_S^2-^_8_","Tl As S","IMA1987-052"," ",1103," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Bnd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bernarlottiite","Bernarlottiite","Pb2+12(As3+10Sb3+6)S2-36","Pb12(As10Sb6)S36","Pb_12_(As_10_Sb_6_)S_36_","Pb^2+^_12_(As^3+^_10_Sb^3+^_6_)S^2-^_36_","Pb As Sb S","IMA2013-133"," ",6292," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Bl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Berndlehmannite","Berndlehmannite","Cu2+(Cr3+V3+)S2-4","Cu(CrV)S4","Cu(CrV)S_4_","Cu^2+^(Cr^3+^V^3+^)S^2-^_4_","Cu Cr V S","IMA2024-005"," ",7443,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Cu^2+ Cr^3+ V^3+ S^2-","Blm",,"No" +"Berndtite","Berndtite","Sn4+S2-2","SnS2","SnS_2_","Sn^4+^S^2-^_2_","Sn S","IMA1968 s.p."," ",1104,"Melonite","hexagonal","P3m1","Sn^4+ S^2-","Bti","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Berryite","Berryite","Cu1+3Ag1+2Pb2+3Bi3+7S2-16","Cu3Ag2Pb3Bi7S16","Cu_3_Ag_2_Pb_3_Bi_7_S_16_","Cu^1+^_3_Ag^1+^_2_Pb^2+^_3_Bi^3+^_7_S^2-^_16_","Cu Ag Pb Bi S","IMA1965-013"," ",1105,"Meneghinite","monoclinic","P21/m","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Bry","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Berthierine","Berthierine","(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4","(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4","(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^,Al)_3_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^,Al)_3_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Fe Al Si O H"," "," ",1106,"Clay, Serpentine","orthorhombic, hexagonal","P63cm","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Al Si O H","Brh","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Berthierite","Berthierite","Fe2+Sb3+2S2-4","FeSb2S4","FeSb_2_S_4_","Fe^2+^Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Fe Sb S"," "," ",1107,"Berthierite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pnam","Fe^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Btr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bertossaite","Bertossaite","Li2CaAl4(PO4)4(OH)4","Li2CaAl4(PO4)4(OH)4","Li_2_CaAl_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_","Li_2_CaAl_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_","Li Ca Al P O H","IMA1965-038"," ",1108,"Carminite","orthorhombic","Imcb","Li Ca Al P O H","Bts","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Bertrandite","Bertrandite","Be4Si2O7(OH)2","Be4Si2O7(OH)2","Be_4_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_","Be_4_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_","Be Si O H"," "," ",1109,"Hemimorphite","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Be Si O H","Btd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Beryl","Beryl","Be3Al2Si6O18","Be3Al2Si6O18","Be_3_Al_2_Si_6_O_18_","Be_3_Al_2_Si_6_O_18_","Be Al Si O"," "," ",1110,"Beryl","hexagonal","P6/mcc","Be Al Si O","Brl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Beryllite","Beryllite","Be3SiO4(OH)2·H2O","Be3(SiO4)(OH)2·H2O","Be_3_(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Be_3_SiO_4_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Be Si O H"," "," ",1111," ",,,"Be Si O H","Byt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Beryllocordierite-Na","Beryllocordierite-Na","NaMg4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2·2H2O","NaMg4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2·2H2O","NaMg_4_(Al_5_Be)(AlSi_5_O_18_)_2_·2H_2_O","NaMg_4_(Al_5_Be)(AlSi_5_O_18_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na Mg Al Be Si O H","IMA2022-108"," ",7332,"Beryl","orthorhombic","Cccm","Na Mg Al Be Si O H","Bcrd-Na",,"No" +"Beryllonite","Beryllonite","NaBePO4","NaBe(PO4)","NaBe(PO_4_)","NaBePO_4_","Na Be P O"," "," ",1112,"Beryllonite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Be P O","Bel","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Beryllosachanbińskiite-Na","Beryllosachanbinskiite-Na","NaMn2+4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2·2H2O","NaMn4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2·2H2O","NaMn_4_(Al_5_Be)(AlSi_5_O_18_)_2_·2H_2_O","NaMn^2+^_4_(Al_5_Be)(AlSi_5_O_18_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na Mn Al Be Si O H","IMA2022-109"," ",7333,"Beryl","orthorhombic","Cccm","Na Mn^2+ Al Be Si O H","Bsnb-Na",,"No" +"Berzelianite","Berzelianite","Cu2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)","Cu2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)","Cu_2-x_Se (x ≈ 0.12)","Cu_2-x_Se (x ≈ 0.12)","Cu Se"," "," ",1113," ","cubic","F43m, Fm3m, F23","Cu Se","Brz","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Berzeliite","Berzeliite","NaCa2Mg2(As5+O4)3","(NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3","(NaCa_2_)Mg_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","NaCa_2_Mg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Mg As O"," "," ",1114,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Na Ca Mg As^5+ O","Bze","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Beshtauite","Beshtauite","(N3-H4)2(U6+O2)(S6+O4)2·2H2O","(NH4)2(UO2)(SO4)2·2H2O","(NH_4_)_2_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","N H U O S","IMA2012-051"," ",6107,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","N^3- H U^6+ O S^6+","Bes","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Betekhtinite","Betekhtinite","(Cu,Fe)21Pb2S15","(Cu,Fe)21Pb2S15","(Cu,Fe)_21_Pb_2_S_15_","(Cu,Fe)_21_Pb_2_S_15_","Cu Fe Pb S"," "," ",1116," ","orthorhombic","Immm","Cu Fe Pb S","Bkh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Betpakdalite-CaCa","Betpakdalite-CaCa","[Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]","[Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]","[Ca_2_(H_2_O)_17_Ca(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_36_(OH)]","[Ca_2_(H_2_O)_17_Ca(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_36_(OH)]","Ca H O Mo As Fe","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1117,"Betpakdalite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca H O Mo^6+ As^5+ Fe^3+","Bpd-CaCa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Betpakdalite-CaMg","Betpakdalite-CaMg","[Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]","[Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]","[Ca_2_(H_2_O)_17_Mg(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_36_(OH)]","[Ca_2_(H_2_O)_17_Mg(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_36_(OH)]","Ca H O Mg Mo As Fe","IMA2011-034"," ",5962,"Betpakdalite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca H O Mg Mo^6+ As^5+ Fe^3+","Bpd-CaMg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Betpakdalite-FeFe","Betpakdalite-FeFe","[Fe3+2(H2O)15(OH)2Fe3+(H2O)6][Mo6+8As3+2Fe3+3O37]","[Fe3+2(H2O)15(OH)2Fe3+(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O37]","[Fe^3+^_2_(H_2_O)_15_(OH)_2_Fe^3+^(H_2_O)_6_][Mo_8_As_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_37_]","[Fe^3+^_2_(H_2_O)_15_(OH)_2_Fe^3+^(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^3+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_37_]","Fe H O Mo As","IMA2017-011"," ",6652,"Betpakdalite","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^3+ H O Mo^6+ As^3+","Bpd-FeFe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Betpakdalite-NaCa","Betpakdalite-NaCa","[Na2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]","[Na2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]","[Na_2_(H_2_O)_17_Ca(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_34_(OH)_3_]","[Na_2_(H_2_O)_17_Ca(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_34_(OH)_3_]","Na H O Ca Mo As Fe","IMA1971-057"," ",4132,"Betpakdalite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na H O Ca Mo^6+ As^5+ Fe^3+","Bpd-NaCa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Betpakdalite-NaNa","Betpakdalite-NaNa","[Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O33(OH)4]","[Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O33(OH)4]","[Na_2_(H_2_O)_16_Na(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_33_(OH)_4_]","[Na_2_(H_2_O)_16_Na(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_33_(OH)_4_]","Na H O Mo As Fe","IMA2011-078"," ",6018,"Betpakdalite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na H O Mo^6+ As^5+ Fe^3+","Bpd-NaNa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bettertonite","Bettertonite","Al6(As5+O4)3(OH)9·16H2O","Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5·11H2O","Al_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_9_(H_2_O)_5_·11H_2_O","Al_6_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_9_·16H_2_O","Al As O H","IMA2014-074"," ",6372,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Al As^5+ O H","Bet","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Betzite","Betzite","Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4","Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4","Na_6_Ca_2_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)Cl_4_","Na_6_Ca_2_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)Cl_4_","Na Ca Al Si O Cl","IMA2021-037"," ",7146,"Cancrinite","hexagonal","P63","Na Ca Al Si O Cl","Bzt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Beudantite","Beudantite","Pb2+Fe3+3(As5+O4)(S6+O4)(OH)6","PbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6","PbFe^3+^_3_(AsO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_6_","Pb Fe As O S H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1118,"Alunite-beudantite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O S^6+ H","Bdn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Beusite","Beusite","Mn2+Mn2+2(PO4)2","Mn2+Mn2+2(PO4)2","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Mn P O","IMA1968-012"," ",1119,"Graftonite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ P O","Beu","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Beusite-(Ca)","Beusite-(Ca)","CaMn2+2(PO4)2","CaMn2+2(PO4)2","CaMn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_","CaMn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Ca Mn P O","IMA2017-051"," ",6680,"Graftonite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Mn^2+ P O","Beu-Ca","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Beyerite","Beyerite","CaBi3+2O2(CO3)2","CaBi2O2(CO3)2","CaBi_2_O_2_(CO_3_)_2_","CaBi^3+^_2_O_2_(CO_3_)_2_","Ca Bi O C"," "," ",1120,"Bismutite","orthorhombic","Immm","Ca Bi^3+ O C","Bey","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bezsmertnovite","Bezsmertnovite","(Au,Ag)4Cu(Te,Pb)","(Au,Ag)4Cu(Te,Pb)","(Au,Ag)_4_Cu(Te,Pb)","(Au,Ag)_4_Cu(Te,Pb)","Au Ag Cu Te Pb","IMA1979-014"," ",1121," ","orthorhombic",,"Au Ag Cu Te Pb","Bez","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Biachellaite","Biachellaite","(Na,Ca,K)8(Si6Al6O24)(S6+O4)2(OH)0.5·H2O","(Na,Ca,K)8(Si6Al6O24)(SO4)2(OH)0.5·H2O","(Na,Ca,K)_8_(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_0.5_·H_2_O","(Na,Ca,K)_8_(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_0.5_·H_2_O","Na Ca K Si Al O S H","IMA2007-044"," ",5646,"Cancrinite-sodalite, Cancrinite","hexagonal","P3","Na Ca K Si Al O S^6+ H","Bcl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Biagioniite","Biagioniite","Tl2SbS2","Tl2SbS2","Tl_2_SbS_2_","Tl_2_SbS_2_","Tl Sb S","IMA2019-120"," ",7003,"Dervillite","monoclinic","Pc, Pb","Tl Sb S","Bgi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bianchiniite","Bianchiniite","Ba2(Ti4+V3+)(As3+2O5)2OF","Ba2(TiV)(As2O5)2OF","Ba_2_(TiV)(As_2_O_5_)_2_OF","Ba_2_(Ti^4+^V^3+^)(As^3+^_2_O_5_)_2_OF","Ba Ti V As O F","IMA2019-022"," ",6910,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I4/mcm","Ba Ti^4+ V^3+ As^3+ O F","Bcn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bianchite","Bianchite","Zn2+S6+O4·6H2O","Zn(SO4)·6H2O","Zn(SO_4_)·6H_2_O","Zn^2+^S^6+^O_4_·6H_2_O","Zn S O H"," "," ",1122,"Hexahydrite","monoclinic","C2/c","Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Bnc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Bicapite","Bicapite","[KNa2Mg2(H2O)25][H2PV5+12O40(V5+O)2]","[KNa2Mg2(H2O)25][H2PV5+12O40(V5+O)2]","[KNa_2_Mg_2_(H_2_O)_25_][H_2_PV^5+^_12_O_40_(V^5+^O)_2_]","[KNa_2_Mg_2_(H_2_O)_25_][H_2_PV^5+^_12_O_40_(V^5+^O)_2_]","K Na Mg H O P V","IMA2018-048"," ",6785," ","tetragonal","I4/m","K Na Mg H O P V^5+","Bic","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Bicchulite","Bicchulite","Ca2Al2SiO6(OH)2","Ca2Al2SiO6(OH)2","Ca_2_Al_2_SiO_6_(OH)_2_","Ca_2_Al_2_SiO_6_(OH)_2_","Ca Al Si O H","IMA1973-006"," ",1123,"Cancrinite-sodalite, Sodalite","cubic","I43m","Ca Al Si O H","Bch","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Bideauxite","Bideauxite","Ag1+Pb2+2F2Cl3","AgPb2F2Cl3","AgPb_2_F_2_Cl_3_","Ag^1+^Pb^2+^_2_F_2_Cl_3_","Ag Pb F Cl","IMA1969-038"," ",1124," ","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ F Cl","Bdx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bieberite","Bieberite","Co2+S6+O4·7H2O","Co(SO4)·7H2O","Co(SO_4_)·7H_2_O","Co^2+^S^6+^O_4_·7H_2_O","Co S O H"," "," ",1125,"Melanterite","monoclinic","P21/c","Co^2+ S^6+ O H","Bie","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Biehlite","Biehlite","Sb3+2Mo6+O6","Sb3+2MoO6","Sb^3+^_2_MoO_6_","Sb^3+^_2_Mo^6+^O_6_","Sb Mo O","IMA1999-019a"," ",4974," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Sb^3+ Mo^6+ O","Bhl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Bigcreekite","Bigcreekite","BaSi2O5·4H2O","BaSi2O5·4H2O","BaSi_2_O_5_·4H_2_O","BaSi_2_O_5_·4H_2_O","Ba Si O H","IMA1999-015"," ",1126," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ba Si O H","Big","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bijvoetite-(Y)","Bijvoetite-(Y)","Y8(U6+O2)16O8(CO3)16(OH)8·39H2O","Y8(UO2)16O8(CO3)16(OH)8·39H2O","Y_8_(UO_2_)_16_O_8_(CO_3_)_16_(OH)_8_·39H_2_O","Y_8_(U^6+^O_2_)_16_O_8_(CO_3_)_16_(OH)_8_·39H_2_O","Y U O C H","IMA1981-035, IMA1987 s.p."," ",1127," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","B2","Y U^6+ O C H","Bij-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bikitaite","Bikitaite","LiAlSi2O6·H2O","LiAlSi2O6·H2O","LiAlSi_2_O_6_·H_2_O","LiAlSi_2_O_6_·H_2_O","Li Al Si O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1128," ","monoclinic, triclinic","P21/m, P1, P21","Li Al Si O H","Bik","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bilibinskite","Bilibinskite","PbAu3Cu2Te2","PbAu3Cu2Te2","PbAu_3_Cu_2_Te_2_","PbAu_3_Cu_2_Te_2_","Pb Au Cu Te","IMA1977-024"," ",1129," ","cubic",,"Pb Au Cu Te","Bb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bílinite","Bilinite","Fe2+Fe3+2(S6+O4)4·22H2O","Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4·22H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(SO_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Fe S O H"," "," ",1130,"Halotrichite","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Bli","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Billietite","Billietite","Ba(U6+O2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O","Ba(UO2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O","Ba(UO_2_)_6_O_4_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O","Ba(U^6+^O_2_)_6_O_4_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O","Ba U O H"," "," ",1131," ","orthorhombic","Pbn21","Ba U^6+ O H","Bil","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Billingsleyite","Billingsleyite","Ag7AsS6","Ag7AsS6","Ag_7_AsS_6_","Ag_7_AsS_6_","Ag As S","IMA1967-012"," ",1132," ","cubic","P213","Ag As S","Bgy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Billwiseite","Billwiseite","Sb3+5Nb5+3W6+O18","Sb3+5Nb3WO18","Sb^3+^_5_Nb_3_WO_18_","Sb^3+^_5_Nb^5+^_3_W^6+^O_18_","Sb Nb W O","IMA2010-053"," ",5922,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Sb^3+ Nb^5+ W^6+ O","Bwi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Bimbowrieite","Bimbowrieite","NaMgFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","NaMgFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","NaMgFe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","NaMgFe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Na Mg Fe P O H","IMA2020-006"," ",7023,"Dufrénite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mg Fe^3+ P O H","Bbw","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bindheimite","Bindheimite","Pb2+2Sb5+2O7","Pb2Sb5+2O7","Pb_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_","Pb^2+^_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_","Pb Sb O","IMA2013 s.p."," ",1133,"Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","Pb^2+ Sb^5+ O","Bhe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Biphosphammite","Biphosphammite","H2(N3-H4)PO4","(NH4)H2(PO4)","(NH_4_)H_2_(PO_4_)","H_2_(N^3-^H_4_)PO_4_","N H P O"," "," ",1134,"Biphosphammite","tetragonal","I42d","H N^3- P O","Bpam","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Biraite-(Ce)","Biraite-(Ce)","Ce3+2Fe2+Si2O7(CO3)","Ce2Fe2+(Si2O7)(CO3)","Ce_2_Fe^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(CO_3_)","Ce^3+^_2_Fe^2+^Si_2_O_7_(CO_3_)","Ce Fe Si O C","IMA2003-037"," ",5243,"Biraite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ce^3+ Fe^2+ Si O C","Bia-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Biraite-(La)","Biraite-(La)","La2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7)","La2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7)","La_2_Fe^2+^(CO_3_)(Si_2_O_7_)","La_2_Fe^2+^(CO_3_)(Si_2_O_7_)","La Fe C O Si","IMA2020-020"," ",7031,"Biraite","monoclinic","P21/c","La Fe^2+ C O Si","Bia-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Birchite","Birchite","Cd2+2Cu2+2(PO4)2S6+O4·5H2O","Cd2Cu2(PO4)2(SO4)·5H2O","Cd_2_Cu_2_(PO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)·5H_2_O","Cd^2+^_2_Cu^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_S^6+^O_4_·5H_2_O","Cd Cu P O S H","IMA2006-048"," ",5600," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cd^2+ Cu^2+ P O S^6+ H","Bc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Biringuccite","Biringuccite","Na2B5O8(OH)·H2O","Na2B5O8(OH)·H2O","Na_2_B_5_O_8_(OH)·H_2_O","Na_2_B_5_O_8_(OH)·H_2_O","Na B O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1135," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na B O H","Bgc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Birnessite","Birnessite","(Na,Ca,K)0.6(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O","(Na,Ca,K)0.6(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O","(Na,Ca,K)_0.6_(Mn^4+^,Mn^3+^)_2_O_4_·1.5H_2_O","(Na,Ca,K)_0.6_(Mn^4+^,Mn^3+^)_2_O_4_·1.5H_2_O","Na Ca K Mn O H"," "," ",1136," ","monoclinic, triclinic","C2/m, P1, C1","Na Ca K Mn^4+ Mn^3+ O H","Bir","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Birunite","Birunite","Ca18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5S6+O4·15H2O","Ca18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5(SO4)·15H2O","Ca_18_(SiO_3_)_8.5_(CO_3_)_8.5_(SO_4_)·15H_2_O","Ca_18_(SiO_3_)_8.5_(CO_3_)_8.5_S^6+^O_4_·15H_2_O","Ca Si O C S H"," "," ",5384,"Ettringite",,,"Ca Si O C S^6+ H","Brn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Bischofite","Bischofite","MgCl2·6H2O","MgCl2·6H2O","MgCl_2_·6H_2_O","MgCl_2_·6H_2_O","Mg Cl H O"," "," ",1137," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Mg Cl H O","Bsf","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bismite","Bismite","Bi3+2O3","Bi2O3","Bi_2_O_3_","Bi^3+^_2_O_3_","Bi O"," "," ",1138," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Bi^3+ O","Bis","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bismoclite","Bismoclite","Bi3+OCl","BiOCl","BiOCl","Bi^3+^OCl","Bi O Cl"," "," ",1139,"Matlockite","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Bi^3+ O Cl","Bmc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Bismuth","Bismuth","Bi","Bi","Bi","Bi","Bi"," "," ",1140,"Arsenic","hexagonal","R3m, P63/mmc","Bi","Bi","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","Yes" +"Bismuthinite","Bismuthinite","Bi3+2S2-3","Bi2S3","Bi_2_S_3_","Bi^3+^_2_S^2-^_3_","Bi S"," "," ",1141,"Stibnite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Bi^3+ S^2-","Bin","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Bismutite","Bismutite","Bi3+2O2(CO3)","Bi2O2(CO3)","Bi_2_O_2_(CO_3_)","Bi^3+^_2_O_2_(CO_3_)","Bi O C"," "," ",1142,"Bismutite","orthorhombic","Imm2","Bi^3+ O C","Bit","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bismutocolumbite","Bismutocolumbite","Bi3+Nb5+O4","BiNbO4","BiNbO_4_","Bi^3+^Nb^5+^O_4_","Bi Nb O","IMA1991-003"," ",1143," ","orthorhombic","Pnna","Bi^3+ Nb^5+ O","Bclb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Bismutoferrite","Bismutoferrite","Fe3+2Bi3+(SiO4)2(OH)","Fe3+2Bi(SiO4)2(OH)","Fe^3+^_2_Bi(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)","Fe^3+^_2_Bi^3+^(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)","Fe Bi Si O H"," "," ",1144,"Kaolinite","monoclinic","Cm","Fe^3+ Bi^3+ Si O H","Bif","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bismutohauchecornite","Bismutohauchecornite","Ni9Bi2S8","Ni9Bi2S8","Ni_9_Bi_2_S_8_","Ni_9_Bi_2_S_8_","Ni Bi S","IMA1978 s.p."," ",1145,"Hauchecornite",,,"Ni Bi S","Bhau","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bismutostibiconite","Bismutostibiconite","(Bi3+,Fe3+,☐)2Sb5+2O7","(Bi,Fe3+,☐)2Sb5+2O7","(Bi,Fe^3+^,[box])_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_","(Bi^3+^,Fe^3+^,[box])_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_","Bi Fe Sb O","IMA1981-065, IMA2013 s.p."," ",1148,"Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","Bi^3+ Fe^3+ Sb^5+ O","Bsbc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bismutotantalite","Bismutotantalite","Bi3+Ta5+O4","BiTaO4","BiTaO_4_","Bi^3+^Ta^5+^O_4_","Bi Ta O"," "," ",1149," ","orthorhombic","Pcnn","Bi^3+ Ta^5+ O","Bttl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Bitikleite","Bitikleite","Ca3Sn4+Sb5+Al3O12","Ca3(SbSn)(AlO4)3","Ca_3_(SbSn)(AlO_4_)_3_","Ca_3_Sn^4+^Sb^5+^Al_3_O_12_","Ca Sb Sn Al O","IMA2009-052"," ",5781,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d, Ia3d","Ca Sn^4+ Sb^5+ Al O","Bkl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Bityite","Bityite","CaLiAl2(Si2BeAl)O10(OH)2","CaLiAl2(Si2BeAl)O10(OH)2","CaLiAl_2_(Si_2_BeAl)O_10_(OH)_2_","CaLiAl_2_(Si_2_BeAl)O_10_(OH)_2_","Ca Li Al Si Be O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",1150,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic","Cc","Ca Li Al Si Be O H","Bty","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bixbyite-(Fe)","Bixbyite-(Fe)","Fe3+2O3","Fe3+2O3","Fe^3+^_2_O_3_","Fe^3+^_2_O_3_","Fe O","IMA2021 s.p."," ",7237,"Bixbyite","cubic","Ia3","Fe^3+ O","Bxb-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Bixbyite-(Mn)","Bixbyite-(Mn)","Mn3+2O3","Mn3+2O3","Mn^3+^_2_O_3_","Mn^3+^_2_O_3_","Mn O","IMA2021 s.p."," ",1151,"Bixbyite","cubic","Ia3, I213","Mn^3+ O","Bxb-Mn","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Bjarebyite","Bjarebyite","BaMn2+2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3","BaMn2+2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3","BaMn^2+^_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","BaMn^2+^_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Ba Mn Al P O H","IMA1972-022"," ",1152,"Bjarebyite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ba Mn^2+ Al P O H","Bj","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Blakeite","Blakeite","Fe3+2(Te4+O3)3","Fe3+2(Te4+O3)3 (?)","Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_ (?)","Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_","Fe Te O"," "," ",5385," ",,,"Fe^3+ Te^4+ O","Bak","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Blatonite","Blatonite","(U6+O2)CO3·H2O","(UO2)(CO3)·H2O","(UO_2_)(CO_3_)·H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)CO_3_·H_2_O","U O C H","IMA1997-025"," ",1153," ",,,"U^6+ O C H","Blt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Blatterite","Blatterite","Sb5+3Mn3+9Mn2+35(BO3)16O32","Sb5+3Mn3+9Mn2+35(BO3)16O32","Sb^5+^_3_Mn^3+^_9_Mn^2+^_35_(BO_3_)_16_O_32_","Sb^5+^_3_Mn^3+^_9_Mn^2+^_35_(BO_3_)_16_O_32_","Sb Mn B O","IMA1984-038"," ",1154," ","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Sb^5+ Mn^3+ Mn^2+ B O","Bla","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Bleasdaleite","Bleasdaleite","Ca2Cu2+5(Bi3+,Cu2+)(PO4)4(H2O,OH,Cl)13","Ca2Cu5(Bi,Cu)(PO4)4(H2O,OH,Cl)13","Ca_2_Cu_5_(Bi,Cu)(PO_4_)_4_(H_2_O,OH,Cl)_13_","Ca_2_Cu^2+^_5_(Bi^3+^,Cu^2+^)(PO_4_)_4_(H_2_O,OH,Cl)_13_","Ca Cu Bi P O H Cl","IMA1998-003a"," ",1155," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Cu^2+ Bi^3+ P O H Cl","Ble","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Blixite","Blixite","Pb2+8O5(OH)2Cl4","Pb8O5(OH)2Cl4","Pb_8_O_5_(OH)_2_Cl_4_","Pb^2+^_8_O_5_(OH)_2_Cl_4_","Pb O H Cl","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1156," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ O H Cl","Blx","Abiotic, Biotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Blödite","Blodite","Na2Mg(S6+O4)2·4H2O","Na2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O","Na_2_Mg(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na_2_Mg(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Mg S O H","IMA1982 s.p."," ",4887,"Blödite","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Mg S^6+ O H","Blö","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Blossite","Blossite","Cu2+2V5+2O7","Cu2V5+2O7","Cu_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_","Cu^2+^_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_","Cu V O","IMA1986-002"," ",1158," ","orthorhombic","Fdd2","Cu^2+ V^5+ O","Blo","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Bluebellite","Bluebellite","Cu2+6(I5+O3)(OH)10Cl","Cu6(IO3)(OH)10Cl","Cu_6_(IO_3_)(OH)_10_Cl","Cu^2+^_6_(I^5+^O_3_)(OH)_10_Cl","Cu I O H Cl","IMA2013-121"," ",6281," ","hexagonal","R3","Cu^2+ I^5+ O H Cl","Bbl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bluelizardite","Bluelizardite","Na7(U6+O2)(S6+O4)4Cl·2H2O","Na7(UO2)(SO4)4Cl(H2O)2","Na_7_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_4_Cl(H_2_O)_2_","Na_7_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_4_Cl·2H_2_O","Na U O S Cl H","IMA2013-062"," ",6227,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Na U^6+ O S^6+ Cl H","Blz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Blueridgeite","Blueridgeite","[Pb2+8Zn2+3Cu2+(OH)16](S6+O4)2(S6+O3S2-)2·2H2O","[Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)2(S2O3)2·2H2O","[Pb_8_Zn_3_Cu^2+^(OH)_16_](SO_4_)_2_(S_2_O_3_)_2_·2H_2_O","[Pb^2+^_8_Zn^2+^_3_Cu^2+^(OH)_16_](S^6+^O_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb Zn Cu O H S","IMA2024-071"," ",7522,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Cu^2+ O H S^6+ S^2-","Blrg",,"No" +"Bluestreakite","Bluestreakite","K4Mg2[(V4+2V5+8)O28]·14H2O","K4Mg2(V4+2V5+8O28)·14H2O","K_4_Mg_2_(V^4+^_2_V^5+^_8_O_28_)·14H_2_O","K_4_Mg_2_[(V^4+^_2_V^5+^_8_)O_28_]·14H_2_O","K Mg V O H","IMA2014-047"," ",6343,"Pascoite","monoclinic","P21/n","K Mg V^4+ V^5+ O H","Blu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Bobcookite","Bobcookite","NaAl(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)4·18H2O","NaAl(UO2)2(SO4)4·18H2O","NaAl(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_4_·18H_2_O","NaAl(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·18H_2_O","Na Al U O S H","IMA2014-030"," ",6320,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Na Al U^6+ O S^6+ H","Bbc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Bobfergusonite","Bobfergusonite","☐Na2Mn2+5Fe3+Al(PO4)6","☐Na2Mn2+5Fe3+Al(PO4)6","[box]Na_2_Mn^2+^_5_Fe^3+^Al(PO_4_)_6_","[box]Na_2_Mn^2+^_5_Fe^3+^Al(PO_4_)_6_","Na Mn Fe Al P O","IMA1984-072a"," ",1159,"Alluaudite-Bobfergusonite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Al P O","Bfg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Bobfinchite","Bobfinchite","Na[(U6+O2)8O3(OH)11]·10H2O","Na[(UO2)8O3(OH)11]·10H2O","Na[(UO_2_)_8_O_3_(OH)_11_]·10H_2_O","Na[(U^6+^O_2_)_8_O_3_(OH)_11_]·10H_2_O","Na U O H","IMA2020-082"," ",7098,"Schoepite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Na U^6+ O H","Bfc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bobierrite","Bobierrite","Mg3(PO4)2·8H2O","Mg3(PO4)2·8H2O","Mg_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg P O H"," "," ",1160,"Vivianite","monoclinic","C2/m, C2/c","Mg P O H","Bob","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Bobjonesite","Bobjonesite","V4+OS6+O4·3H2O","V4+O(SO4)·3H2O","V^4+^O(SO_4_)·3H_2_O","V^4+^OS^6+^O_4_·3H_2_O","V O S H","IMA2000-045"," ",1161," ","monoclinic","P21/n","V^4+ O S^6+ H","Bjon","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bobkingite","Bobkingite","Cu2+5Cl2(OH)8·2H2O","Cu5Cl2(OH)8·2H2O","Cu_5_Cl_2_(OH)_8_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_5_Cl_2_(OH)_8_·2H_2_O","Cu Cl O H","IMA2000-029"," ",1162," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^2+ Cl O H","Bkg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bobmeyerite","Bobmeyerite","Pb2+4(Al3Cu2+)(Si4O12)(S6+0.5Si0.5O4)(OH)7Cl·3H2O","Pb4(Al3Cu)(Si4O12)(S0.5Si0.5O4)(OH)7Cl(H2O)3","Pb_4_(Al_3_Cu)(Si_4_O_12_)(S_0.5_Si_0.5_O_4_)(OH)_7_Cl(H_2_O)_3_","Pb^2+^_4_(Al_3_Cu^2+^)(Si_4_O_12_)(S^6+^_0.5_Si_0.5_O_4_)(OH)_7_Cl·3H_2_O","Pb Al Cu Si O S H Cl","IMA2012-019"," ",6079,"Cerchiaraite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Pb^2+ Al Cu^2+ Si O S^6+ H Cl","Bmy","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Bobshannonite","Bobshannonite","Na2KBa(Mn2+,Na)8(Nb5+,Ti4+)4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4(O,F)2","Na2KBa(Mn,Na)8(Nb,Ti)4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4(O,F)2","Na_2_KBa(Mn,Na)_8_(Nb,Ti)_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_O_4_(OH)_4_(O,F)_2_","Na_2_KBa(Mn^2+^,Na)_8_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_O_4_(OH)_4_(O,F)_2_","Na K Ba Mn Nb Ti Si O H F","IMA2014-052"," ",6349,"Seidozerite-Bafertisite","triclinic","P1, C1","Na K Ba Mn^2+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Bsha","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bobtraillite","Bobtraillite","(Na,☐)12(☐,Na)12Sr12Zr4+14(Si3O9)10[Si2BO7(OH)2]6·12H2O","(Na,☐)12(☐,Na)12Sr12Zr14(Si3O9)10[Si2BO7(OH)2]6·12H2O","(Na,[box])_12_([box],Na)_12_Sr_12_Zr_14_(Si_3_O_9_)_10_[Si_2_BO_7_(OH)_2_]_6_·12H_2_O","(Na,[box])_12_([box],Na)_12_Sr_12_Zr^4+^_14_(Si_3_O_9_)_10_[Si_2_BO_7_(OH)_2_]_6_·12H_2_O","Na Sr Zr Si O B H","IMA2001-041"," ",1163," ","hexagonal","P3c1","Na Sr Zr^4+ Si O B H","Bta","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bodieite","Bodieite","Bi3+2(Te4+O3)2(S6+O4)","Bi3+2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)","Bi^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_(SO_4_)","Bi^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)","Bi Te O S","IMA2017-117"," ",6744,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","I2/a","Bi^3+ Te^4+ O S^6+","Bod","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Boevskite","Boevskite","Pb2+4(Te4+O3)2(S6+O4)(S6+O3S2-)","Pb4(TeO3)2(SO4)(S2O3)","Pb_4_(TeO_3_)_2_(SO_4_)(S_2_O_3_)","Pb^2+^_4_(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)","Pb Te O S","IMA2024-041"," ",7555,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Pb^2+ Te^4+ O S^6+ S^2-","Boe",,"No" +"Bogdanovite","Bogdanovite","(Au,Te,Pb)3(Cu,Fe)","(Au,Te,Pb)3(Cu,Fe)","(Au,Te,Pb)_3_(Cu,Fe)","(Au,Te,Pb)_3_(Cu,Fe)","Au Te Pb Cu Fe","IMA1978-019"," ",1165,"Auricupride","cubic","Pm3m","Au Te Pb Cu Fe","Bog","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bøggildite","Boggildite","Na2Sr2Al2(PO4)F9","Na2Sr2Al2(PO4)F9","Na_2_Sr_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)F_9_","Na_2_Sr_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)F_9_","Na Sr Al P O F"," "," ",1166," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Sr Al P O F","Bgg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Boggsite","Boggsite","Na3Ca8(Si77Al19)O192·70H2O","Na3Ca8(Si77Al19)O192·70H2O","Na_3_Ca_8_(Si_77_Al_19_)O_192_·70H_2_O","Na_3_Ca_8_(Si_77_Al_19_)O_192_·70H_2_O","Na Ca Si Al O H","IMA1989-009"," ",1167," ","orthorhombic","Imma","Na Ca Si Al O H","Bgs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Bøgvadite","Bogvadite","Na2Ba2SrAl4F20","Na2Ba2SrAl4F20","Na_2_Ba_2_SrAl_4_F_20_","Na_2_Ba_2_SrAl_4_F_20_","Na Ba Sr Al F","IMA1987-029"," ",1168," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","P21/n","Na Ba Sr Al F","Bgv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Bohdanowiczite","Bohdanowiczite","Ag1+Bi3+Se2-2","AgBiSe2","AgBiSe_2_","Ag^1+^Bi^3+^Se^2-^_2_","Ag Bi Se","IMA1978 s.p."," ",1169," ","hexagonal","P3m1","Ag^1+ Bi^3+ Se^2-","Boh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Böhmite","Bohmite","AlO(OH)","AlO(OH)","AlO(OH)","AlO(OH)","Al O H"," "," ",1164,"Lepidocrocite","orthorhombic","Cmcm, Bbmm, Amam, Cmc21","Al O H","Bhm","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Bohseite","Bohseite","Ca4Be3+xAl1-xSi9O25-x(OH)3+x (x = 0 to 1)","Ca4Be3+xAl1-xSi9O25-x(OH)3+x (x = 0 to 1)","Ca_4_Be_3+x_Al_1-x_Si_9_O_25-x_(OH)_3+x_ (x = 0 to 1)","Ca_4_Be_3+x_Al_1-x_Si_9_O_25-x_(OH)_3+x_ (x = 0 to 1)","Ca Be Al Si O H","IMA2010-026, IMA2015 s.p."," ",5854,"Bavenite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Ca Be Al Si O H","Bhs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Bohuslavite","Bohuslavite","Fe3+4(PO4)3(S6+O4)(OH)·nH2O (15≤n≤24)","Fe3+4(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)·nH2O (15≤n≤24)","Fe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_3_(SO_4_)(OH)·nH_2_O (15≤n≤24)","Fe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_3_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·nH_2_O (15≤n≤24)","Fe P O S H","IMA2018-074a"," ",6876,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1, P1","Fe^3+ P O S^6+ H","Bhv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bojarite","Bojarite","Cu2+3(N3C2H2)1-3(OH)Cl2·6H2O","Cu3(N3C2H2)3(OH)Cl2·6H2O","Cu_3_(N_3_C_2_H_2_)_3_(OH)Cl_2_·6H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_(N_3_C_2_H_2_)^1-^_3_(OH)Cl_2_·6H_2_O","Cu N C H O Cl","IMA2020-037"," ",7048,"Not in a structural group","cubic","Fd3c","Cu^2+ N C H O Cl","Boj","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Bokite","Bokite","(Al,Fe3+)1.3(V5+,V4+,Fe3+)8O20·7.5H2O","(Al,Fe)1.3(V5+,V4+,Fe3+)8O20·7.5H2O","(Al,Fe)_1.3_(V^5+^,V^4+^,Fe^3+^)_8_O_20_·7.5H_2_O","(Al,Fe^3+^)_1.3_(V^5+^,V^4+^,Fe^3+^)_8_O_20_·7.5H_2_O","Al Fe V O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1170,"Straczekite","monoclinic","C2/m","Al Fe^3+ V^5+ V^4+ O H","Bkt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Boleite","Boleite","KAg1+9Pb2+26Cu2+24Cl62(OH)48","KAg9Pb26Cu24Cl62(OH)48","KAg_9_Pb_26_Cu_24_Cl_62_(OH)_48_","KAg^1+^_9_Pb^2+^_26_Cu^2+^_24_Cl_62_(OH)_48_","K Ag Pb Cu Cl O H"," "," ",1171," ","cubic","Pm3m, Pm3m","K Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Cl O H","Bol","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Bolivarite","Bolivarite","Al2PO4(OH)3·4H2O","Al2(PO4)(OH)3·4H2O","Al_2_(PO_4_)(OH)_3_·4H_2_O","Al_2_PO_4_(OH)_3_·4H_2_O","Al P O H"," "," ",5388," ",,,"Al P O H","Bva","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bolotinaite","Bolotinaite","(Na7☐)(Al6Si6O24)F·4H2O","(Na7☐)(Al6Si6O24)F·4H2O","(Na_7_[box])(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)F·4H_2_O","(Na_7_[box])(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)F·4H_2_O","Na Al Si O F H","IMA2021-088"," ",7194,"Sodalite","cubic","I43m","Na Al Si O F H","Bltn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Boltwoodite","Boltwoodite","K0.63Na0.37[(U6+O2)(SiO3OH)](H2O)1.5","K0.63Na0.37[(UO2)(SiO3OH)](H2O)1.5","K_0.63_Na_0.37_[(UO_2_)(SiO_3_OH)](H_2_O)_1.5_","K_0.63_Na_0.37_[(U^6+^O_2_)(SiO_3_OH)](H_2_O)_1.5_","K Na U O Si H"," "," ",1172," ","monoclinic","P21, P21/m","K Na U^6+ O Si H","Bwd","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bonaccordite","Bonaccordite","Ni2+2Fe3+O2(BO3)","Ni2Fe3+O2(BO3)","Ni_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Ni^2+^_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Ni Fe O B","IMA1974-019"," ",1173,"Ludwigite","orthorhombic","Pbam","Ni^2+ Fe^3+ O B","Bna","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bonaccorsiite","Bonaccorsiite","KK2Na3(Al6Si36)O84","KK2Na3(Al6Si36)O84","KK_2_Na_3_(Al_6_Si_36_)O_84_","KK_2_Na_3_(Al_6_Si_36_)O_84_","K Na Al Si O","IMA2025-028"," ",7596,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Na Al Si O","Bcs",,"No" +"Bonacinaite","Bonacinaite","Sc(As5+O4)·2H2O","Sc(AsO4)·2H2O","Sc(AsO_4_)·2H_2_O","Sc(As^5+^O_4_)·2H_2_O","Sc As O H","IMA2018-056"," ",6790,"Phosphosiderite","monoclinic, triclinic","P21/n, ?1","Sc As^5+ O H","Bci","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bonattite","Bonattite","Cu2+S6+O4·3H2O","Cu(SO4)·3H2O","Cu(SO_4_)·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^S^6+^O_4_·3H_2_O","Cu S O H"," "," ",1174," ","monoclinic","Cc","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Bon","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bonazziite","Bonazziite","As4S4","As4S4","As_4_S_4_","As_4_S_4_","As S","IMA2013-141"," ",6295," ","monoclinic","C2/c","As S","Bzz","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Bonshtedtite","Bonshtedtite","Na3Fe2+(PO4)(CO3)","Na3Fe2+(PO4)(CO3)","Na_3_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)(CO_3_)","Na_3_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)(CO_3_)","Na Fe P O C","IMA1981-026a"," ",1175,"Bradleyite","monoclinic","P21/m","Na Fe^2+ P O C","Bsd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Boojumite","Boojumite","Pb2+8O4(OH)2(S6+O3S2-)3","Pb8O4(OH)2(S2O3)3","Pb_8_O_4_(OH)_2_(S_2_O_3_)_3_","Pb^2+^_8_O_4_(OH)_2_(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_3_","Pb O H S","IMA2022-028"," ",7256,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Pb^2+ O H S^6+ S^2-","Bjm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Boothite","Boothite","Cu2+S6+O4·7H2O","Cu(SO4)·7H2O","Cu(SO_4_)·7H_2_O","Cu^2+^S^6+^O_4_·7H_2_O","Cu S O H"," "," ",1176,"Melanterite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Boo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Boracite","Boracite","Mg3B7O13Cl","Mg3B7O13Cl","Mg_3_B_7_O_13_Cl","Mg_3_B_7_O_13_Cl","Mg B O Cl"," "," ",1177,"Boracite","orthorhombic, cubic","Pca21, F43c","Mg B O Cl","Boc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Boralsilite","Boralsilite","Al16B6O30(Si2O7)","Al16B6O30(Si2O7)","Al_16_B_6_O_30_(Si_2_O_7_)","Al_16_B_6_O_30_(Si_2_O_7_)","Al B O Si","IMA1996-029"," ",1178," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Al B O Si","Bor","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Borax","Borax","Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O","Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O","Na_2_B_4_O_5_(OH)_4_·8H_2_O","Na_2_B_4_O_5_(OH)_4_·8H_2_O","Na B O H"," "," ",1179," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na B O H","Brx","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Borcarite","Borcarite","Ca4MgB4O6(CO3)2(OH)6","Ca4MgB4O6(CO3)2(OH)6","Ca_4_MgB_4_O_6_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ca_4_MgB_4_O_6_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ca Mg B O C H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",1180," ","monoclinic","C2/m, A2/m","Ca Mg B O C H","Bcr","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Borisenkoite","Borisenkoite","Cu2+3[(V5+,As5+)O4]2","Cu3[(V,As)O4]2","Cu_3_[(V,As)O_4_]_2_","Cu^2+^_3_[(V^5+^,As^5+^)O_4_]_2_","Cu V As O","IMA2015-113"," ",6511,"Lammerite-β","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ V^5+ As^5+ O","Bsk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Bornemanite","Bornemanite","Na6(Na☐)Ba2Ti4+2Nb5+2(Na5☐)Ti4+2(Si2O7)4(PO4)2O4(OH)2F2","Na6(Na☐)Ba2Ti2Nb2(Na5☐)Ti2(Si2O7)4(PO4)2O4(OH)2F2","Na_6_(Na[box])Ba_2_Ti_2_Nb_2_(Na_5_[box])Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_O_4_(OH)_2_F_2_","Na_6_(Na[box])Ba_2_Ti^4+^_2_Nb^5+^_2_(Na_5_[box])Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_O_4_(OH)_2_F_2_","Na Ba Ti Nb Si O P H F","IMA1973-053"," ",1182,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","orthorhombic, triclinic, monoclinic","P1, Ib","Na Ba Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O P H F","Bma","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bornhardtite","Bornhardtite","Co2+Co3+2Se2-4","Co2+Co3+2Se4","Co^2+^Co^3+^_2_Se_4_","Co^2+^Co^3+^_2_Se^2-^_4_","Co Se"," "," ",5076,"Spinel","cubic",,"Co^2+ Co^3+ Se^2-","Bhd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bornite","Bornite","Cu1+5Fe3+S2-4","Cu5FeS4","Cu_5_FeS_4_","Cu^1+^_5_Fe^3+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Fe S","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1183," ","cubic, orthorhombic, hexagonal","F23, Pbca, Fm3m, F43m, R3m","Cu^1+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Bn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Borocookeite","Borocookeite","LiAl4(Si3B)O10(OH)8","LiAl4(Si3B)O10(OH)8","LiAl_4_(Si_3_B)O_10_(OH)_8_","LiAl_4_(Si_3_B)O_10_(OH)_8_","Li Al Si B O H","IMA2000-013"," ",1184,"Clay, Chlorite","monoclinic","Cc","Li Al Si B O H","Bckt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Borodaevite","Borodaevite","Ag4.83Fe0.21Pb0.45(Bi,Sb)8.84S16","Ag4.83Fe0.21Pb0.45(Bi,Sb)8.84S16","Ag_4.83_Fe_0.21_Pb_0.45_(Bi,Sb)_8.84_S_16_","Ag_4.83_Fe_0.21_Pb_0.45_(Bi,Sb)_8.84_S_16_","Ag Fe Pb Bi Sb S","IMA1991-037"," ",1185," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ag Fe Pb Bi Sb S","Bdv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Boromullite","Boromullite","Al9BSi2O19","Al9BSi2O19","Al_9_BSi_2_O_19_","Al_9_BSi_2_O_19_","Al B Si O","IMA2007-021"," ",5587," ","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Al B Si O","Bmul","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Boromuscovite","Boromuscovite","KAl2(Si3B)O10(OH)2","KAl2(Si3B)O10(OH)2","KAl_2_(Si_3_B)O_10_(OH)_2_","KAl_2_(Si_3_B)O_10_(OH)_2_","K Al Si B O H","IMA1989-027"," ",1186,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/c, C2/m","K Al Si B O H","Bms","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Borovskite","Borovskite","Pd3SbTe4","Pd3SbTe4","Pd_3_SbTe_4_","Pd_3_SbTe_4_","Pd Sb Te","IMA1972-032"," ",1187," ","cubic",,"Pd Sb Te","Bvk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bortnikovite","Bortnikovite","Pd4Cu3Zn","Pd4Cu3Zn","Pd_4_Cu_3_Zn","Pd_4_Cu_3_Zn","Pd Cu Zn","IMA2006-027"," ",5583," ","tetragonal","P4/mmm","Pd Cu Zn","Bnk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Bortolanite","Bortolanite","Ca2(Ca1.5Zr4+0.5)Na(NaCa)Ti4+(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca2(Ca1.5Zr0.5)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca_2_(Ca_1.5_Zr_0.5_)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca_2_(Ca_1.5_Zr^4+^_0.5_)Na(NaCa)Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca Zr Na Ti Si O F","IMA2021-040a"," ",7187,"Seidozerite","triclinic","P1","Ca Zr^4+ Na Ti^4+ Si O F","Btln","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Borzęckiite","Borzeckiite","Pb2+(U6+O2)3(Se4+O3)2O2·3H2O","Pb(UO2)3(SeO3)2O2·3H2O","Pb(UO_2_)_3_(SeO_3_)_2_O_2_·3H_2_O","Pb^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_O_2_·3H_2_O","Pb U O Se H","IMA2018-146a"," ",7277,"Guilleminite","orthorhombic","P21nm","Pb^2+ U^6+ O Se^4+ H","Bzc",,"No" +"Boscardinite","Boscardinite","Tl1+Pb2+4(Sb3+7As3+2)S2-18","TlPb4(Sb7As2)Σ=9S18","TlPb_4_(Sb_7_As_2_)_Σ=9_S_18_","Tl^1+^Pb^2+^_4_(Sb^3+^_7_As^3+^_2_)S^2-^_18_","Tl Pb Sb As S","IMA2010-079"," ",5925,"Sartorite","triclinic","P1","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Bcd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bosiite","Bosiite","NaFe3+3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaFe3+3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaFe^3+^_3_(Al_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","NaFe^3+^_3_(Al_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na Fe Al Mg Si O B H","IMA2014-094"," ",6392,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Fe^3+ Al Mg Si O B H","Bos","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Bosoite","Bosoite","SiO2·nCxH2x+2","SiO2·nCxH2x+2","SiO_2_·nC_x_H_2x+2_","SiO_2_·nC_x_H_2x+2_","Si O C H","IMA2014-023"," ",6328," ","hexagonal","P6/mmm","Si O C H","Bs","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments","No" +"Bostwickite","Bostwickite","CaMn3+6Si3O16·7H2O","CaMn3+6Si3O16·7H2O","CaMn^3+^_6_Si_3_O_16_·7H_2_O","CaMn^3+^_6_Si_3_O_16_·7H_2_O","Ca Mn Si O H","IMA1982-073"," ",1188," ",,,"Ca Mn^3+ Si O H","Btw","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Botallackite","Botallackite","Cu2+2Cl(OH)3","Cu2Cl(OH)3","Cu_2_Cl(OH)_3_","Cu^2+^_2_Cl(OH)_3_","Cu Cl O H"," "," ",1189,"Atacamite","monoclinic","P21/m","Cu^2+ Cl O H","Blk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Botryogen","Botryogen","MgFe3+(S6+O4)2(OH)·7H2O","MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH)·7H2O","MgFe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_(OH)·7H_2_O","MgFe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·7H_2_O","Mg Fe S O H"," "," ",1190,"Botryogen","monoclinic","P21/n","Mg Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Byg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bottinoite","Bottinoite","Ni2+Sb5+2(OH)12·6H2O","NiSb5+2(OH)12·6H2O","NiSb^5+^_2_(OH)_12_·6H_2_O","Ni^2+^Sb^5+^_2_(OH)_12_·6H_2_O","Ni Sb O H","IMA1991-029"," ",1191," ","hexagonal","P3","Ni^2+ Sb^5+ O H","Bot","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Botuobinskite","Botuobinskite","SrFe2+(Ti4+12Cr3+6)Mg2[O36(OH)2]","SrFe2+(Ti4+12Cr3+6)Mg2[O36(OH)2]","SrFe^2+^(Ti^4+^_12_Cr^3+^_6_)Mg_2_[O_36_(OH)_2_]","SrFe^2+^(Ti^4+^_12_Cr^3+^_6_)Mg_2_[O_36_(OH)_2_]","Sr Fe Ti Cr Mg O H","IMA2018-143a"," ",7056,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Sr Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Cr^3+ Mg O H","Btb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Bouazzerite","Bouazzerite","Bi3+6(Mg,Co2+)11Fe3+14(As5+O4)18O12(OH)4·86H2O","Bi6(Mg,Co)11Fe14(AsO4)18O12(OH)4·86H2O","Bi_6_(Mg,Co)_11_Fe_14_(AsO_4_)_18_O_12_(OH)_4_·86H_2_O","Bi^3+^_6_(Mg,Co^2+^)_11_Fe^3+^_14_(As^5+^O_4_)_18_O_12_(OH)_4_·86H_2_O","Bi Mg Co Fe As O H","IMA2005-042"," ",5522," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Bi^3+ Mg Co^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Boz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Boulangerite","Boulangerite","Pb2+5Sb3+4S2-11","Pb5Sb4S11","Pb_5_Sb_4_S_11_","Pb^2+^_5_Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_11_","Pb Sb S"," "," ",1192," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pbnm, Pnam, Bb21m, P21/a","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Bou","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bounahasite","Bounahasite","Cu1+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2","Cu1+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2","Cu^1+^Cu^2+^_2_(OH)_3_Cl_2_","Cu^1+^Cu^2+^_2_(OH)_3_Cl_2_","Cu O H Cl","IMA2021-114"," ",7218,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ O H Cl","Bnhs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bournonite","Bournonite","Cu1+Pb2+Sb3+S2-3","CuPbSbS3","CuPbSbS_3_","Cu^1+^Pb^2+^Sb^3+^S^2-^_3_","Cu Pb Sb S"," "," ",1193,"Bournonite","orthorhombic","Pn21m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Bnn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bouškaite","Bouskaite","(Mo6+O2)2O(S6+O3OH)2(H2O)2·2H2O","(MoO2)2O(SO3OH)2(H2O)2·2H2O","(MoO_2_)_2_O(SO_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_·2H_2_O","(Mo^6+^O_2_)_2_O(S^6+^O_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_·2H_2_O","Mo O S H","IMA2018-055a"," ",6859,"Bouškaite","triclinic","P1","Mo^6+ O S^6+ H","Bok","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Boussingaultite","Boussingaultite","(N3-H4)2Mg(S6+O4)2·6H2O","(NH4)2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Mg(SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Mg(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","N H Mg S O"," "," ",1194,"Picromerite","monoclinic","P21/a","N^3- H Mg S^6+ O","Bsg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Bowieite","Bowieite","Rh3+2S2-3","Rh2S3","Rh_2_S_3_","Rh^3+^_2_S^2-^_3_","Rh S","IMA1980-022"," ",1195,"Bowieite","orthorhombic","Pnca, Pbcn","Rh^3+ S^2-","Bow","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Bowlesite","Bowlesite","PtSnS","PtSnS","PtSnS","PtSnS","Pt Sn S","IMA2019-079"," ",6963,"Cobaltite","orthorhombic","Pca21","Pt Sn S","Bwl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Boyleite","Boyleite","Zn2+S6+O4·4H2O","Zn(SO4)·4H2O","Zn(SO_4_)·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^S^6+^O_4_·4H_2_O","Zn S O H","IMA1977-026"," ",1196,"Starkeyite","monoclinic","P21/n","Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Boy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Braccoite","Braccoite","NaMn2+5[Si5O14(OH)](As5+O3OH)","NaMn2+5[Si5O14(OH)](AsO3)(OH)","NaMn^2+^_5_[Si_5_O_14_(OH)](AsO_3_)(OH)","NaMn^2+^_5_[Si_5_O_14_(OH)](As^5+^O_3_OH)","Na Mn Si O H As","IMA2013-093"," ",6251,"Saneroite","triclinic, unknown","P1","Na Mn^2+ Si O H As^5+","Bcc","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bracewellite","Bracewellite","Cr3+O(OH)","CrO(OH)","CrO(OH)","Cr^3+^O(OH)","Cr O H","IMA1967-035"," ",1198,"Diaspore","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Cr^3+ O H","Bwe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Brackebuschite","Brackebuschite","Pb2+2Mn3+(V5+O4)2(OH)","Pb2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH)","Pb_2_Mn^3+^(VO_4_)_2_(OH)","Pb^2+^_2_Mn^3+^(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)","Pb Mn V O H"," "," ",1199,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m, B21/m","Pb^2+ Mn^3+ V^5+ O H","Bbs","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bradaczekite","Bradaczekite","NaCu2+Cu2+Cu2+2(As5+O4)3","NaCuCuCu2(AsO4)3","NaCuCuCu_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","NaCu^2+^Cu^2+^Cu^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Cu As O","IMA2000-002"," ",1200,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Cu^2+ As^5+ O","Bdc","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Bradleyite","Bradleyite","Na3Mg(PO4)(CO3)","Na3Mg(PO4)(CO3)","Na_3_Mg(PO_4_)(CO_3_)","Na_3_Mg(PO_4_)(CO_3_)","Na Mg P O C"," "," ",1201,"Bradleyite","monoclinic","P21/m","Na Mg P O C","Bd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Braggite","Braggite","PdPt3S4","PdPt3S4","PdPt_3_S_4_","PdPt_3_S_4_","Pd Pt S","IMA2022 s.p."," ",1202," ","tetragonal","P42/m","Pd Pt S","Bg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Braithwaiteite","Braithwaiteite","NaCu2+5(Ti4+Sb5+)O2(As5+O4)4[As5+O3(OH)]2·8H2O","NaCu2+5(Sb5+Ti4+)O2(AsO4)4[AsO3(OH)]2·8H2O","NaCu^2+^_5_(Sb^5+^Ti^4+^)O_2_(AsO_4_)_4_[AsO_3_(OH)]_2_·8H_2_O","NaCu^2+^_5_(Ti^4+^Sb^5+^)O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_[As^5+^O_3_(OH)]_2_·8H_2_O","Na Cu Sb Ti O As H","IMA2006-050"," ",5611," ","triclinic","P1","Na Cu^2+ Ti^4+ Sb^5+ O As^5+ H","Bwt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Braitschite-(Ce)","Braitschite-(Ce)","Ca6.15Na0.85Ce3+2[B6O7(OH)3(O,OH)3]4·H2O","Ca6.15Na0.85REE2.08[B6O7(OH)3(O,OH)3]4·H2O","Ca_6.15_Na_0.85_REE_2.08_[B_6_O_7_(OH)_3_(O,OH)_3_]_4_·H_2_O","Ca_6.15_Na_0.85_Ce^3+^_2_[B_6_O_7_(OH)_3_(O,OH)_3_]_4_·H_2_O","Ca Na REE B O H","IMA1967-029, IMA1987 s.p."," ",1203," ","hexagonal","P6/m","Ca Na Ce^3+ B O H","Btc-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Branchite","Branchite","C20H34","C20H34","C_20_H_34_","C_20_H_34_","C H","IMA2021 s.p."," ",5310," ","triclinic","P1","C H","Bran","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Brandãoite","Brandaoite","BeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4·H2O","BeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4·H2O","BeAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_·H_2_O","BeAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_·H_2_O","Be Al P O H","IMA2016-071a"," ",6681,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Be Al P O H","Bdã","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Brandholzite","Brandholzite","MgSb5+2(OH)12·6H2O","MgSb2(OH)12·6H2O","MgSb_2_(OH)_12_·6H_2_O","MgSb^5+^_2_(OH)_12_·6H_2_O","Mg Sb O H","IMA1998-017"," ",1204," ","hexagonal","P3, P31m","Mg Sb^5+ O H","Bdh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Brandtite","Brandtite","Ca2Mn2+(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Mn As O H"," "," ",1205,"Roselite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Bdt","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Brannerite","Brannerite","U4+Ti4+2O6","UTi2O6","UTi_2_O_6_","U^4+^Ti^4+^_2_O_6_","U Ti O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1206,"Brannerite","monoclinic","C2/m","U^4+ Ti^4+ O","Bnr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Brannockite","Brannockite","KSn4+2(Li3Si12)O30","KSn2(Li3Si12)O30","KSn_2_(Li_3_Si_12_)O_30_","KSn^4+^_2_(Li_3_Si_12_)O_30_","K Sn Li Si O","IMA1972-029"," ",1207,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Sn^4+ Li Si O","Bra","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Brassite","Brassite","Mg(As5+O3OH)·4H2O","Mg(AsO3OH)·4H2O","Mg(AsO_3_OH)·4H_2_O","Mg(As^5+^O_3_OH)·4H_2_O","Mg As O H","IMA1973-047"," ",1208," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Mg As^5+ O H","Bsi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Brattforsite","Brattforsite","Mn2+19As3+12O36Cl2","Mn19As12O36Cl2","Mn_19_As_12_O_36_Cl_2_","Mn^2+^_19_As^3+^_12_O_36_Cl_2_","Mn As O Cl","IMA2019-127"," ",7010,"Magnussonite","monoclinic","I2/a","Mn^2+ As^3+ O Cl","Bf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Braunerite","Braunerite","K2Ca(U6+O2)(CO3)3·6H2O","K2Ca(UO2)(CO3)3·6H2O","K_2_Ca(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·6H_2_O","K_2_Ca(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·6H_2_O","K Ca U O C H","IMA2015-123"," ",6524,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","K Ca U^6+ O C H","Bun","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Braunite","Braunite","Mn2+Mn3+6SiO12","Mn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)","Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_6_O_8_(SiO_4_)","Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_6_SiO_12_","Mn O Si"," "," ",1209,"Braunite","tetragonal","I41/acd","Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Si O","Bnt","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Brazilianite","Brazilianite","NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4","NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4","NaAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","NaAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Na Al P O H"," "," ",1210,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Al P O H","Bzl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Bredigite","Bredigite","Ca7Mg(SiO4)4","Ca7Mg(SiO4)4","Ca_7_Mg(SiO_4_)_4_","Ca_7_Mg(SiO_4_)_4_","Ca Mg Si O"," "," ",1211," ","orthorhombic","P2nn","Ca Mg Si O","Bdi","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Breithauptite","Breithauptite","NiSb","NiSb","NiSb","NiSb","Ni Sb"," "," ",1212,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63mc, P63/mmc","Ni Sb","Bhp","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Brendelite","Brendelite","(Bi3+,Pb2+)2(Fe3+,Fe2+)O2(OH)PO4","(Bi,Pb)2(Fe3+,Fe2+)O2(OH)(PO4)","(Bi,Pb)_2_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)O_2_(OH)(PO_4_)","(Bi^3+^,Pb^2+^)_2_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)O_2_(OH)PO_4_","Bi Pb Fe O H P","IMA1997-001"," ",1213," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Bi^3+ Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ O H P","Bde","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Brenkite","Brenkite","Ca2(CO3)F2","Ca2(CO3)F2","Ca_2_(CO_3_)F_2_","Ca_2_(CO_3_)F_2_","Ca C O F","IMA1977-036"," ",1214," ","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Ca C O F","Bki","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Brewsterite-Ba","Brewsterite-Ba","Ba(Al2Si6)O16·5H2O","Ba(Al2Si6)O16·5H2O","Ba(Al_2_Si_6_)O_16_·5H_2_O","Ba(Al_2_Si_6_)O_16_·5H_2_O","Ba Al Si O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1215,"Brewsterite","monoclinic, triclinic","P21/m, P1","Ba Al Si O H","Brw-Ba","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Brewsterite-Sr","Brewsterite-Sr","Sr(Al2Si6)O16·5H2O","Sr(Al2Si6)O16·5H2O","Sr(Al_2_Si_6_)O_16_·5H_2_O","Sr(Al_2_Si_6_)O_16_·5H_2_O","Sr Al Si O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1216,"Brewsterite","monoclinic, triclinic","P1, P21/m","Sr Al Si O H","Brw-Sr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Breyite","Breyite","Ca3Si3O9","Ca3Si3O9","Ca_3_Si_3_O_9_","Ca_3_Si_3_O_9_","Ca Si O","IMA2018-062"," ",6796,"Margarosanite","triclinic","P1, P1","Ca Si O","Byi","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Brezinaite","Brezinaite","Cr2+Cr3+2S2-4","Cr3S4","Cr_3_S_4_","Cr^2+^Cr^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Cr S","IMA1969-004"," ",1217,"Wilkmanite","monoclinic","I2/m","Cr^2+ Cr^3+ S^2-","Bzn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Brianite","Brianite","Na2CaMg(PO4)2","Na2CaMg(PO4)2","Na_2_CaMg(PO_4_)_2_","Na_2_CaMg(PO_4_)_2_","Na Ca Mg P O","IMA1966-030"," ",1218,"Aphthitalite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","P222, P21/a, P21/c","Na Ca Mg P O","Bne","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Brianroulstonite","Brianroulstonite","Ca3B5O6(OH)7Cl2·8H2O","Ca3B5O6(OH)7Cl2·8H2O","Ca_3_B_5_O_6_(OH)_7_Cl_2_·8H_2_O","Ca_3_B_5_O_6_(OH)_7_Cl_2_·8H_2_O","Ca B O H Cl","IMA1996-009"," ",1219,"Brianroulstonite","monoclinic","Pa","Ca B O H Cl","Brsn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Brianyoungite","Brianyoungite","Zn2+3CO3(OH)4","Zn3(CO3)(OH)4","Zn_3_(CO_3_)(OH)_4_","Zn^2+^_3_CO_3_(OH)_4_","Zn C O H","IMA1991-053"," ",1220," ","monoclinic",,"Zn^2+ C O H","Byo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Briartite","Briartite","Cu1+2Fe2+Ge4+S2-4","Cu2FeGeS4","Cu_2_FeGeS_4_","Cu^1+^_2_Fe^2+^Ge^4+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Fe Ge S","IMA1965-018"," ",1221,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I42m","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Ge^4+ S^2-","Btt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Bridgesite-(Ce)","Bridgesite-(Ce)","CaCe3+2Cu2+6(S6+O4)4(OH)12·8H2O","CaCe2Cu6(SO4)4(OH)12·8H2O","CaCe_2_Cu_6_(SO_4_)_4_(OH)_12_·8H_2_O","CaCe^3+^_2_Cu^2+^_6_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_12_·8H_2_O","Ca Ce Cu S O H","IMA2019-034"," ",6956,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Ce^3+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Bdg-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bridgmanite","Bridgmanite","MgSiO3","MgSiO3","MgSiO_3_","MgSiO_3_","Mg Si O","IMA2014-017"," ",6334,"Perovskite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pbnm, Pbmm","Mg Si O","Bdm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Brindleyite","Brindleyite","(Ni2+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4","(Ni,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4","(Ni,Al)_3_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","(Ni^2+^,Al)_3_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Ni Al Si O H","IMA1975-009a"," ",1222,"Clay, Serpentine","monoclinic, tetragonal",,"Ni^2+ Al Si O H","Bly","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Brinrobertsite","Brinrobertsite","(Na,K,Ca)0.3(Al,Fe3+,Mg)4(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·3.5H2O","(Na,K,Ca)0.3(Al,Fe,Mg)4(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·3.5H2O","(Na,K,Ca)_0.3_(Al,Fe,Mg)_4_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·3.5H_2_O","(Na,K,Ca)_0.3_(Al,Fe^3+^,Mg)_4_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·3.5H_2_O","Na K Ca Al Fe Mg Si O H","IMA1997-040"," ",1223,"Corrensite, Clay","monoclinic",,"Na K Ca Al Fe^3+ Mg Si O H","Brb","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Britholite-(Ce)","Britholite-(Ce)","Ca2Ce3+3(SiO4)3OH","(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3(OH)","(Ce,Ca)_5_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)","Ca_2_Ce^3+^_3_(SiO_4_)_3_OH","Ce Ca Si O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1224,"Apatite","hexagonal, monoclinic","P63, P21","Ca Ce^3+ Si O H","Bri-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Britholite-(Y)","Britholite-(Y)","Ca2Y3(SiO4)3OH","(Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3(OH)","(Y,Ca)_5_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)","Ca_2_Y_3_(SiO_4_)_3_OH","Y Ca Si O H","IMA1966 s.p."," ",1225,"Apatite","monoclinic","P21","Ca Y Si O H","Bri-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Britvinite","Britvinite","Pb2+14Mg9Si10O28(BO3)4(CO3)2F2(OH)12","Pb14Mg9(Si10O28)(BO3)4(CO3)2(OH)12F2","Pb_14_Mg_9_(Si_10_O_28_)(BO_3_)_4_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_12_F_2_","Pb^2+^_14_Mg_9_Si_10_O_28_(BO_3_)_4_(CO_3_)_2_F_2_(OH)_12_","Pb Mg Si O B C H F","IMA2006-031"," ",5359,"Molybdophyllite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Mg Si O B C F H","Bv","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Brizziite","Brizziite","NaSb5+O3","NaSbO3","NaSbO_3_","NaSb^5+^O_3_","Na Sb O","IMA1993-044"," ",1226,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3","Na Sb^5+ O","Bzi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Brochantite","Brochantite","Cu2+4S6+O4(OH)6","Cu4(SO4)(OH)6","Cu_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_6_","Cu S O H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",1228,"Brochantite","monoclinic","P21/n, P21/a","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Bct","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Brockite","Brockite","(Ca,Th4+,Ce4+)PO4·H2O","(Ca,Th,Ce)(PO4)·H2O","(Ca,Th,Ce)(PO_4_)·H_2_O","(Ca,Th^4+^,Ce^4+^)PO_4_·H_2_O","Ca Th Ce P O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1229,"Rhabdophane","hexagonal","P6222","Ca Th^4+ Ce^4+ P O H","Bck","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Brodtkorbite","Brodtkorbite","Cu1+2Hg2+Se2-2","Cu2HgSe2","Cu_2_HgSe_2_","Cu^1+^_2_Hg^2+^Se^2-^_2_","Cu Hg Se","IMA1999-023"," ",1230," ","monoclinic","P21/n, P21/c","Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Se^2-","Bdk","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bromargyrite","Bromargyrite","Ag1+Br","AgBr","AgBr","Ag^1+^Br","Ag Br","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1231,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Ag^1+ Br","Bag","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bromellite","Bromellite","BeO","BeO","BeO","BeO","Be O"," "," ",1232," ","hexagonal","P63mc","Be O","Bmel","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Brontesite","Brontesite","(N3-H4)3Pb2+Cl5","(NH4)3PbCl5","(NH_4_)_3_PbCl_5_","(N^3-^H_4_)_3_Pb^2+^Cl_5_","N H Pb Cl","IMA2008-039"," ",5705," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","N^3- H Pb^2+ Cl","Bte","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Brookite","Brookite","Ti4+O2","TiO2","TiO_2_","Ti^4+^O_2_","Ti O"," "," ",1233,"Brookite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ti^4+ O","Brk","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Browneite","Browneite","Mn2+S2-","MnS","MnS","Mn^2+^S^2-^","Mn S","IMA2012-008"," ",6064,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","Mn^2+ S^2-","Bw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Brownleeite","Brownleeite","MnSi","MnSi","MnSi","MnSi","Mn Si","IMA2008-011"," ",5670,"Brownleeite","cubic","P213","Mn Si","Bwn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Brownmillerite","Brownmillerite","Ca2Fe3+AlO5","Ca2Fe3+AlO5","Ca_2_Fe^3+^AlO_5_","Ca_2_Fe^3+^AlO_5_","Ca Fe Al O","IMA1963-017"," ",1234,"Brownmillerite, Perovskite","orthorhombic","I2mb, Ibm2","Ca Fe^3+ Al O","Bmlr","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Brucite","Brucite","Mg(OH)2","Mg(OH)2","Mg(OH)_2_","Mg(OH)_2_","Mg O H"," "," ",1235,"Brucite","hexagonal","P3m1","Mg O H","Brc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Brüggenite","Bruggenite","Ca(I5+O3)2·H2O","Ca(IO3)2·H2O","Ca(IO_3_)_2_·H_2_O","Ca(I^5+^O_3_)_2_·H_2_O","Ca I O H","IMA1970-040"," ",1236," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca I^5+ O H","Brü","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Brugnatellite","Brugnatellite","Mg6Fe3+CO3(OH)13·4H2O","Mg6Fe3+(CO3)(OH)13·4H2O","Mg_6_Fe^3+^(CO_3_)(OH)_13_·4H_2_O","Mg_6_Fe^3+^CO_3_(OH)_13_·4H_2_O","Mg Fe C O H"," "," ",1237,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal",,"Mg Fe^3+ C O H","Bug","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization","No" +"Brumadoite","Brumadoite","Cu2+3Te6+O4(OH)4·5H2O","Cu3(Te6+O4)(OH)4·5H2O","Cu_3_(Te^6+^O_4_)(OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Cu Te O H","IMA2008-028"," ",5686," ","monoclinic",,"Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H","Bmd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Brunogeierite","Brunogeierite","Fe2+2GeO4","Fe2+2Ge4+O4","Fe^2+^_2_Ge^4+^O_4_","Fe^2+^_2_GeO_4_","Fe Ge O","IMA1972-004"," ",1238,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Fe^2+ Ge O","Bng","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Brunovskyite","Brunovskyite","NaZr4+Si2O6(OH)","NaZrSi2O6(OH)","NaZrSi_2_O_6_(OH)","NaZr^4+^Si_2_O_6_(OH)","Na Zr Si O H","IMA2025-089"," ",7538," ","triclinic","P1","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Bvs",,"No" +"Brushite","Brushite","Ca(PO3OH)·2H2O","Ca(PO3OH)·2H2O","Ca(PO_3_OH)·2H_2_O","Ca(PO_3_OH)·2H_2_O","Ca P O H"," "," ",1239,"Gypsum","monoclinic","Ia","Ca P O H","Bsh","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Brusnitsynite","Brusnitsynite","Mn2+3Cu1+Pb2+As3+3Sb3+2S2-12","Mn3CuPbAs3Sb2S12","Mn_3_CuPbAs_3_Sb_2_S_12_","Mn^2+^_3_Cu^1+^Pb^2+^As^3+^_3_Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_12_","Mn Cu Pb As Sb S","IMA2025-010"," ",7575,"Lillianite","monoclinic","P21/n","Mn^2+ Cu^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Brus",,"No" +"Bubnovaite","Bubnovaite","K2Na8Ca(S6+O4)6","K2Na8Ca(SO4)6","K_2_Na_8_Ca(SO_4_)_6_","K_2_Na_8_Ca(S^6+^O_4_)_6_","K Na Ca S O","IMA2014-108"," ",6406,"Aphthitalite","hexagonal","P31c","K Na Ca S^6+ O","Bub","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Buchwaldite","Buchwaldite","NaCaPO4","NaCa(PO4)","NaCa(PO_4_)","NaCaPO_4_","Na Ca P O","IMA1975-041"," ",1240,"Aphthitalite","orthorhombic","Pmn21, Pn21a","Na Ca P O","Bwa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Buckhornite","Buckhornite","(Pb2BiS3)(AuTe2)","(Pb2BiS3)(AuTe2)","(Pb_2_BiS_3_)(AuTe_2_)","(Pb_2_BiS_3_)(AuTe_2_)","Pb Bi S Au Te","IMA1988-022"," ",1241,"Buckhornite","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Pb Bi S Au Te","Bhr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Buddingtonite","Buddingtonite","(N3-H4)AlSi3O8","(NH4)(AlSi3)O8","(NH_4_)(AlSi_3_)O_8_","(N^3-^H_4_)AlSi_3_O_8_","N H Al Si O","IMA1963-001"," ",1242,"Feldspar","monoclinic","C2/m","N^3- H Al Si O","Bud","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Bukovite","Bukovite","(Cu1+3Fe3+)Tl1+2Se2-4","(Cu3Fe)Tl2Se4","(Cu_3_Fe)Tl_2_Se_4_","(Cu^1+^_3_Fe^3+^)Tl^1+^_2_Se^2-^_4_","Cu Fe Tl Se","IMA1970-029"," ",1244,"Bukovite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Cu^1+ Fe^3+ Tl^1+ Se^2-","Bko","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Bukovskýite","Bukovskyite","Fe3+2(As5+O4)(S6+O4)(OH)·7H2O","Fe3+2(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)·7H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)·7H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·7H_2_O","Fe As O S H","IMA1967-022"," ",1245," ","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ As^5+ O S^6+ H","Buk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Bulachite","Bulachite","Al6(As5+O4)3(OH)9(H2O)4·2H2O","Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4·2H2O","Al_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_9_(H_2_O)_4_·2H_2_O","Al_6_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_9_(H_2_O)_4_·2H_2_O","Al As O H","IMA1982-081"," ",1246,"Bulachite","orthorhombic",,"Al As^5+ O H","Buh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Bulgakite","Bulgakite","Li2(Ca,Na)Fe2+7Ti4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4(O,F)(H2O)2","Li2(Ca,Na)Fe2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4(O,F)(H2O)2","Li_2_(Ca,Na)Fe^2+^_7_Ti_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_(O,F)(H_2_O)_2_","Li_2_(Ca,Na)Fe^2+^_7_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_(O,F)(H_2_O)_2_","Li Ca Na Fe Ti Si O H F","IMA2014-041"," ",6336,"Astrophyllite-Astrophyllite","triclinic","P1","Li Ca Na Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Bgk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bultfonteinite","Bultfonteinite","Ca2[SiO3(OH)]F·H2O","Ca2SiO3(OH)F·H2O","Ca_2_SiO_3_(OH)F·H_2_O","Ca_2_[SiO_3_(OH)]F·H_2_O","Ca Si O H F"," "," ",1247,"Spurrite-Afwillite","triclinic","P1","Ca Si O H F","Bul","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Bunnoite","Bunnoite","Mn2+6AlSi6O18(OH)3","Mn2+6AlSi6O18(OH)3","Mn^2+^_6_AlSi_6_O_18_(OH)_3_","Mn^2+^_6_AlSi_6_O_18_(OH)_3_","Mn Al Si O H","IMA2014-054"," ",6351,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Al Si O H","Bno","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Bunsenite","Bunsenite","Ni2+O","NiO","NiO","Ni^2+^O","Ni O"," "," ",1248,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Ni^2+ O","Bse","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Burangaite","Burangaite","NaFe2+Al5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","NaFe2+Al5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","NaFe^2+^Al_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","NaFe^2+^Al_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Na Fe Al P O H","IMA1976-013"," ",1249,"Dufrénite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Fe^2+ Al P O H","Brg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Burbankite","Burbankite","(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce3+)3(CO3)5","(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5","(Na,Ca)_3_(Sr,Ba,Ce)_3_(CO_3_)_5_","(Na,Ca)_3_(Sr,Ba,Ce^3+^)_3_(CO_3_)_5_","Na Ca Sr Ba Ce C O"," "," ",1250,"Burbankite","hexagonal","P63/mmc, P63mc","Na Ca Sr Ba Ce^3+ C O","Bbn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Burckhardtite","Burckhardtite","Pb2+2(Fe3+Te6+)[AlSi3O8]O6","Pb2(Fe3+Te6+)(AlSi3O8)O6","Pb_2_(Fe^3+^Te^6+^)(AlSi_3_O_8_)O_6_","Pb^2+^_2_(Fe^3+^Te^6+^)[AlSi_3_O_8_]O_6_","Pb Fe Te Al Si O","IMA1976-052"," ",1251," ","monoclinic, hexagonal","P31m","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Te^6+ Al Si O","Bkd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Burgessite","Burgessite","Co2+2(H2O)4(As5+O3OH)2·H2O","Co2(H2O)4[AsO3(OH)]2(H2O)","Co_2_(H_2_O)_4_[AsO_3_(OH)]_2_(H_2_O)","Co^2+^_2_(H_2_O)_4_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·H_2_O","Co H O As","IMA2007-055"," ",5655,"Burgessite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","P2122, P21/n","Co^2+ H O As^5+","Bge","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Burkeite","Burkeite","Na4(S6+O4)(CO3)","Na4(SO4)(CO3)","Na_4_(SO_4_)(CO_3_)","Na_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)","Na S O C"," "," ",1252," ","orthorhombic","Pmnm","Na S^6+ O C","Bke","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Burnettite","Burnettite","CaV3+AlSiO6","CaVAlSiO6","CaVAlSiO_6_","CaV^3+^AlSiO_6_","Ca V Al Si O","IMA2013-054"," ",6217,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca V^3+ Al Si O","Bnet","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Burnsite","Burnsite","KCd2+Cu2+7O2(Se4+O3)2Cl9","KCdCu7O2(SeO3)2Cl9","KCdCu_7_O_2_(SeO_3_)_2_Cl_9_","KCd^2+^Cu^2+^_7_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_Cl_9_","K Cd Cu O Se Cl","IMA2000-050"," ",1253," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","K Cd^2+ Cu^2+ O Se^4+ Cl","Bur","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Burovaite-Ca","Burovaite-Ca","(Na,K)4Ca2(Ti4+,Nb5+)8[Si4O12]4(OH,O)8·12H2O","(Na,K)4Ca2(Ti,Nb)8[Si4O12]4(OH,O)8·12H2O","(Na,K)_4_Ca_2_(Ti,Nb)_8_[Si_4_O_12_]_4_(OH,O)_8_·12H_2_O","(Na,K)_4_Ca_2_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_8_[Si_4_O_12_]_4_(OH,O)_8_·12H_2_O","Na K Ca Ti Nb Si O H","IMA2008-001"," ",5661,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na K Ca Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Brv-Ca","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Burpalite","Burpalite","Na2CaZr4+(Si2O7)F2","Na4Ca2Zr2(Si2O7)2F4","Na_4_Ca_2_Zr_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_F_4_","Na_2_CaZr^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)F_2_","Na Ca Zr Si O F","IMA1988-036"," ",1254,"Wöhlerite","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Ca Zr^4+ Si O F","Brp","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Burroite","Burroite","(N3-H4)2Ca2[V5+10O28]·15H2O","Ca2(NH4)2(V10O28)·15H2O","Ca_2_(NH_4_)_2_(V_10_O_28_)·15H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Ca_2_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·15H_2_O","Ca N H V O","IMA2016-079"," ",6605,"Pascoite","triclinic","P1","N^3- H Ca V^5+ O","Burr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Burtite","Burtite","CaSn4+(OH)6","CaSn4+(OH)6","CaSn^4+^(OH)_6_","CaSn^4+^(OH)_6_","Ca Sn O H","IMA1980-078"," ",1256,"Perovskite","cubic","Pn3","Ca Sn^4+ O H","Bu","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Buryatite","Buryatite","Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)S6+O4B(OH)4(OH,O)6·12H2O","Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6·12H2O","Ca_3_(Si,Fe^3+^,Al)(SO_4_)B(OH)_4_(OH,O)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_(Si,Fe^3+^,Al)S^6+^O_4_B(OH)_4_(OH,O)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca Si Fe Al S O B H","IMA2000-021"," ",1257,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P31c","Ca Si Fe^3+ Al S^6+ O B H","Buy","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Buseckite","Buseckite","(Fe2+,Zn2+,Mn2+)S2-","(Fe,Zn,Mn)S","(Fe,Zn,Mn)S","(Fe^2+^,Zn^2+^,Mn^2+^)S^2-^","Fe Zn Mn S","IMA2011-070"," ",6013,"Wurtzite","hexagonal","P63mc","Fe^2+ Zn^2+ Mn^2+ S^2-","Bsc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Buserite","Buserite","Na4Mn3+6Mn4+8O27·21H2O","Na4Mn14O27·21H2O (?)","Na_4_Mn_14_O_27_·21H_2_O (?)","Na_4_Mn^3+^_6_Mn^4+^_8_O_27_·21H_2_O","Na Mn O H","IMA1970-024"," ",5319," ",,,"Na Mn^3+ Mn^4+ O H","Bsr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bushmakinite","Bushmakinite","Pb2+2Al(PO4)(V5+O4)(OH)","Pb2Al(PO4)(VO4)(OH)","Pb_2_Al(PO_4_)(VO_4_)(OH)","Pb^2+^_2_Al(PO_4_)(V^5+^O_4_)(OH)","Pb Al P O V H","IMA2001-031"," ",1258,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Al P O V^5+ H","Bmk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bussenite","Bussenite","(Na,☐)2Ba4(Fe2+,Na)2Ti4+2(Si2O7)2(CO3)2O2(OH)2(H2O)2F2","(Na,☐)2Ba4(Fe2+,Na)2Ti2(Si2O7)2(CO3)2O2(OH)2(H2O)2F2","(Na,[box])_2_Ba_4_(Fe^2+^,Na)_2_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(CO_3_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_F_2_","(Na,[box])_2_Ba_4_(Fe^2+^,Na)_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(CO_3_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_F_2_","Na Ba Fe Ti Si O C H F","IMA2000-035"," ",1259,"Seidozerite-Bafertisite","triclinic","P1, P1","Na Ba Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O C H F","Bus","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bussyite-(Ce)","Bussyite-(Ce)","(Ce3+,REE)3(Na,H2O)6Mn2+Si9Be5(O,OH)30F4","(Ce,REE)3(Na,H2O)6MnSi9Be5(O,OH)30F4","(Ce,REE)_3_(Na,H_2_O)_6_MnSi_9_Be_5_(O,OH)_30_F_4_","(Ce^3+^,REE)_3_(Na,H_2_O)_6_Mn^2+^Si_9_Be_5_(O,OH)_30_F_4_","Ce REE Na H O Mn Si Be F","IMA2007-039"," ",5641,"Bussyite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ce^3+ REE Na H O Mn^2+ Si Be F","Bsy-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bussyite-(Y)","Bussyite-(Y)","(Y,REE,Ca)3(Na,Ca)6Mn2+Si9Be5(O,F,OH)34","(Y,REE,Ca)3(Na,Ca)6MnSi9Be5(O,F,OH)34","(Y,REE,Ca)_3_(Na,Ca)_6_MnSi_9_Be_5_(O,F,OH)_34_","(Y,REE,Ca)_3_(Na,Ca)_6_Mn^2+^Si_9_Be_5_(O,F,OH)_34_","Y REE Ca Na Mn Si Be O F H","IMA2014-060"," ",6357,"Bussyite","monoclinic","C2","Y REE Ca Na Mn^2+ Si Be O F H","Bsy-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Bustamite","Bustamite","Mn2+2Ca2Mn2+Ca(Si3O9)2","Mn2Ca2MnCa(Si3O9)2","Mn_2_Ca_2_MnCa(Si_3_O_9_)_2_","Mn^2+^_2_Ca_2_Mn^2+^Ca(Si_3_O_9_)_2_","Mn Ca Si O"," "," ",1260,"Wollastonite","triclinic","I1, F1","Mn^2+ Ca Si O","Bst","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Butianite","Butianite","Ni6SnS2","Ni6SnS2","Ni_6_SnS_2_","Ni_6_SnS_2_","Ni Sn S","IMA2016-028"," ",6556,"Nuwaite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Ni Sn S","But","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Butlerite","Butlerite","Fe3+S6+O4(OH)·2H2O","Fe3+(SO4)(OH)·2H2O","Fe^3+^(SO_4_)(OH)·2H_2_O","Fe^3+^S^6+^O_4_(OH)·2H_2_O","Fe S O H"," "," ",1261,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/m","Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Btl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Bütschliite","Butschliite","K2Ca(CO3)2","K2Ca(CO3)2","K_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_","K_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_","K Ca C O"," "," ",1262," ","hexagonal","R3m","K Ca C O","Büt","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM29 - Lightning-generated minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Buttgenbachite","Buttgenbachite","Cu2+36(N5+O3)2Cl6(OH)64·nH2O","Cu36(NO3)2Cl8(OH)62·nH2O","Cu_36_(NO_3_)_2_Cl_8_(OH)_62_·nH_2_O","Cu^2+^_36_(N^5+^O_3_)_2_Cl_6_(OH)_64_·nH_2_O","Cu N O Cl H"," "," ",1263,"Connellite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Cu^2+ N^5+ O Cl H","Bba","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Buynite","Buynite","Tl1+Pb2+14As3+17S2-40","TlPb14As17S40","TlPb_14_As_17_S_40_","Tl^1+^Pb^2+^_14_As^3+^_17_S^2-^_40_","Tl Pb As S","IMA2023-049"," ",7397,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Buyn",,"No" +"Byelorussite-(Ce)","Byelorussite-(Ce)","NaBa2Ce3+2Mn2+Ti4+2Si8O26(F,OH)·H2O","NaBa2Ce2Mn2+Ti2Si8O26(F,OH)·H2O","NaBa_2_Ce_2_Mn^2+^Ti_2_Si_8_O_26_(F,OH)·H_2_O","NaBa_2_Ce^3+^_2_Mn^2+^Ti^4+^_2_Si_8_O_26_(F,OH)·H_2_O","Na Ba Ce Mn Ti Si O F H","IMA1988-042"," ",1264,"Joaquinite","orthorhombic","P212121, Ama2","Na Ba Ce^3+ Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O F H","Bye-Ce","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Bykovaite","Bykovaite","(Ba,Na,K)2(Na,Ti4+,Mn2+)4(Ti4+,Nb5+)2O2Si4O14(H2O,F,OH)2·3.5H2O","(Ba,Na,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2O2Si4O14(H2O,F,OH)2·3.5H2O","(Ba,Na,K)_2_(Na,Ti,Mn)_4_(Ti,Nb)_2_O_2_Si_4_O_14_(H_2_O,F,OH)_2_·3.5H_2_O","(Ba,Na,K)_2_(Na,Ti^4+^,Mn^2+^)_4_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_2_O_2_Si_4_O_14_(H_2_O,F,OH)_2_·3.5H_2_O","Ba Na K Ti Mn Nb O Si H F","IMA2003-044"," ",5248," ","monoclinic","P2/m, Pb","Ba Na K Ti^4+ Mn^2+ Nb^5+ O Si H F","Byv","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Byrudite","Byrudite","(Be,☐)(V3+,Ti4+)3O6","(Be,☐)(V3+,Ti)3O6","(Be,[box])(V^3+^,Ti)_3_O_6_","(Be,[box])(V^3+^,Ti^4+^)_3_O_6_","Be V Ti O","IMA2013-045"," ",6209,"Humite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Be V^3+ Ti^4+ O","Byd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Bystrite","Bystrite","Na7Ca(Al6Si6)O24(S5)2-Cl","Na7Ca(Al6Si6)O24(S5)2-Cl1-","Na_7_Ca(Al_6_Si_6_)O_24_(S_5_)^2-^Cl^1-^","Na_7_Ca(Al_6_Si_6_)O_24_(S_5_)^2-^Cl","Na Ca Al Si O S Cl","IMA1990-008"," ",1265,"Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P31c","Na Ca Al Si O S Cl","Bys","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Byströmite","Bystromite","MgSb5+2O6","MgSb5+2O6","MgSb^5+^_2_O_6_","MgSb^5+^_2_O_6_","Mg Sb O"," "," ",1266,"Tapiolite","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Mg Sb^5+ O","Bym","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Bytízite","Bytizite","Cu3SbSe3","Cu3SbSe3","Cu_3_SbSe_3_","Cu_3_SbSe_3_","Cu Sb Se","IMA2016-044"," ",6572," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu Sb Se","Btz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Byzantievite","Byzantievite","Ba5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti4+,Nb5+)18(SiO4)4(PO4,SiO4)4(BO3)9O22((OH),F)43(H2O)1.5","Ba5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti,Nb)18(SiO4)4[(PO4),(SiO4)]4(BO3)9O22[(OH),F]43(H2O)1.5","Ba_5_(Ca,REE,Y)_22_(Ti,Nb)_18_(SiO_4_)_4_[(PO_4_),(SiO_4_)]_4_(BO_3_)_9_O_22_[(OH),F]_43_(H_2_O)_1.5_","Ba_5_(Ca,REE,Y)_22_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_18_(SiO_4_)_4_(PO_4_,SiO_4_)_4_(BO_3_)_9_O_22_((OH),F)_43_(H_2_O)_1.5_","Ba Ca REE Y Ti Nb Si O P B H F","IMA2009-001"," ",5731,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3","Ba Ca REE Y Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O P B H F","Byz","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Cabalzarite","Cabalzarite","CaMg2(As5+O4)2·2H2O","CaMg2(AsO4)2·2H2O","CaMg_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","CaMg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Mg As O H","IMA1997-012"," ",1267,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mg As^5+ O H","Clz","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cabrerite","Cabrerite","Ni2+Mg2(As5+O4)2·8H2O","NiMg2(AsO4)2·8H2O","NiMg_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ni^2+^Mg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ni Mg As O H","IMA2023-123"," ",7479,"Vivianite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ni^2+ Mg As^5+ O H","Cabr",,"No" +"Cabriite","Cabriite","Pd2CuSn","Pd2CuSn","Pd_2_CuSn","Pd_2_CuSn","Pd Cu Sn","IMA1981-057"," ",1268," ","orthorhombic","Pmmm","Pd Cu Sn","Cbr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Cabvinite","Cabvinite","Th4+2F7(OH)·3H2O","Th2F7(OH)·3H2O","Th_2_F_7_(OH)·3H_2_O","Th^4+^_2_F_7_(OH)·3H_2_O","Th F O H","IMA2016-011"," ",6538,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I4/m","Th^4+ F O H","Cbv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cacoxenite","Cacoxenite","Fe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12·75H2O","Fe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12·75H2O","Fe^3+^_24_AlO_6_(PO_4_)_17_(OH)_12_·75H_2_O","Fe^3+^_24_AlO_6_(PO_4_)_17_(OH)_12_·75H_2_O","Fe Al O P H"," "," ",1269," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Fe^3+ Al O P H","Cac","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Cadmium","Cadmium","Cd","Cd","Cd","Cd","Cd","IMA1980-086a"," ",1270," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Cd","Cd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","Yes" +"Cadmoindite","Cadmoindite","Cd2+In3+2S2-4","CdIn2S4","CdIn_2_S_4_","Cd^2+^In^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Cd In S","IMA2003-042"," ",5182,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Cd^2+ In^3+ S^2-","Cad","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Cadmoselite","Cadmoselite","Cd2+Se2-","CdSe","CdSe","Cd^2+^Se^2-^","Cd Se"," "," ",1271,"Wurtzite","hexagonal","P63mc","Cd^2+ Se^2-","Cds","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cadsulfohite","Cadsulfohite","Cd2(S6+O4)(OH)2","Cd2(SO4)(OH)2","Cd_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_2_","Cd_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_","Cd S O H","IMA2024-088"," ",7537," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Cd S^6+ O H","Cdso",,"No" +"Cadvanite","Cadvanite","Cd(V5+O3)2","Cd(VO3)2","Cd(VO_3_)_2_","Cd(V^5+^O_3_)_2_","Cd V O","IMA2025-005"," ",7572," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cd V^5+ O","Cdv",,"No" +"Cadwaladerite","Cadwaladerite","Al2(H2O)(OH)4·n(Cl,OH-,H2O)","Al2(H2O)(OH)4·n(Cl,OH-,H2O)","Al_2_(H_2_O)(OH)_4_·n(Cl,OH^-^,H_2_O)","Al_2_(H_2_O)(OH)_4_·n(Cl,OH^-^,H_2_O)","Al H O Cl","IMA2019 s.p."," ",1272," ","cubic","I213","Al H O Cl","Cwd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Caesiumpharmacosiderite","Caesiumpharmacosiderite","CsFe3+4[(As5+O4)3(OH)4]·4H2O","CsFe4[(AsO4)3(OH)4]·4H2O","CsFe_4_[(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_]·4H_2_O","CsFe^3+^_4_[(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_]·4H_2_O","Cs Fe As O H","IMA2013-096"," ",6252,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic","P43m","Cs Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Cpsd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cafarsite","Cafarsite","(Ca,Na,☐)19Ti4+8Fe3+4Fe2+4(As3+O3)28F","(Ca,Na,☐)19Ti8Fe3+4Fe2+4(AsO3)28F","(Ca,Na,[box])_19_Ti_8_Fe^3+^_4_Fe^2+^_4_(AsO_3_)_28_F","(Ca,Na,[box])_19_Ti^4+^_8_Fe^3+^_4_Fe^2+^_4_(As^3+^O_3_)_28_F","Ca Na Ti Fe As O F","IMA1965-036"," ",1273," ","cubic","Pn3","Ca Na Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ As^3+ O F","Caf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cafeosite","Cafeosite","Ca4Fe2+3Fe3+2 ☐O6S2-4","Ca4Fe2+3Fe3+2 ☐O6S4","Ca_4_Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_ [box]O_6_S_4_","Ca_4_Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_ [box]O_6_S^2-^_4_","Ca Fe O S","IMA2021-022a"," ",7434," ","orthorhombic","Cmca","Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O S^2-","Cfo",,"No" +"Cafetite","Cafetite","CaTi4+2O5·H2O","CaTi2O5·H2O","CaTi_2_O_5_·H_2_O","CaTi^4+^_2_O_5_·H_2_O","Ca Ti O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1274," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","P21/n","Ca Ti^4+ O H","Cft","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Cahnite","Cahnite","Ca2B(As5+O4)(OH)4","Ca2B(AsO4)(OH)4","Ca_2_B(AsO_4_)(OH)_4_","Ca_2_B(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_4_","Ca B As O H"," "," ",1275,"Zircon","tetragonal","I4","Ca B As^5+ O H","Cah","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Cairncrossite","Cairncrossite","Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x","Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x","Sr_2_Ca_7-x_Na_2x_(Si_4_O_10_)_4_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_15-x_","Sr_2_Ca_7-x_Na_2x_(Si_4_O_10_)_4_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_15-x_","Sr Ca Na Si O H","IMA2013-012"," ",6175,"Gyrolite","triclinic",,"Sr Ca Na Si O H","Ccs","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Calamaite","Calamaite","Na2Ti4+O(S6+O4)2·2H2O","Na2TiO(SO4)2·2H2O","Na_2_TiO(SO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na_2_Ti^4+^O(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na Ti O S H","IMA2016-036"," ",6564,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Ibam","Na Ti^4+ O S^6+ H","Clm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Calaverite","Calaverite","AuTe2","AuTe2","AuTe_2_","AuTe_2_","Au Te"," "," ",1276,"Melonite","monoclinic","P2/c, Pc, C2/m","Au Te","Clv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Calciborite","Calciborite","CaB2O4","CaB2O4","CaB_2_O_4_","CaB_2_O_4_","Ca B O"," "," ",1277," ","orthorhombic","Pccn","Ca B O","Cbo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Calcinaksite","Calcinaksite","KNaCa(Si4O10)·H2O","KNaCa(Si4O10)·H2O","KNaCa(Si_4_O_10_)·H_2_O","KNaCa(Si_4_O_10_)·H_2_O","K Na Ca Si O H","IMA2013-081"," ",6240,"Litidionite","triclinic","P1","K Na Ca Si O H","Cnk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Calcioancylite-(Ce)","Calcioancylite-(Ce)","(Ce3+,Ca,Sr)(CO3)(OH,H2O)","(Ce,Ca,Sr)(CO3)(OH,H2O)","(Ce,Ca,Sr)(CO_3_)(OH,H_2_O)","(Ce^3+^,Ca,Sr)(CO_3_)(OH,H_2_O)","Ce Ca Sr C O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1278,"Ancylite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pmmm, Pmcn, Pm","Ce^3+ Ca Sr C O H","Canc-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Calcioancylite-(La)","Calcioancylite-(La)","(LaCa)(CO3)2(OH)(H2O)","(LaCa)(CO3)2(OH)(H2O)","(LaCa)(CO_3_)_2_(OH)(H_2_O)","(LaCa)(CO_3_)_2_(OH)(H_2_O)","La Ca C O H","IMA2021-090"," ",7196,"Ancylite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","La Ca C O H","Canc-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Calcioancylite-(Nd)","Calcioancylite-(Nd)","Nd2.8Ca1.2(CO3)4(OH)3·H2O","Nd2.8Ca1.2(CO3)4(OH)3·H2O","Nd_2.8_Ca_1.2_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_3_·H_2_O","Nd_2.8_Ca_1.2_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_3_·H_2_O","Nd Ca C O H","IMA1989-008"," ",1279,"Ancylite","monoclinic","Pm","Nd Ca C O H","Canc-Nd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Calcioandyrobertsite","Calcioandyrobertsite","KCaCu2+5(As5+O4)4[As5+(OH)2O2]·2H2O","KCaCu5(AsO4)4[As(OH)2O2]·2H2O","KCaCu_5_(AsO_4_)_4_[As(OH)_2_O_2_]·2H_2_O","KCaCu^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_[As^5+^(OH)_2_O_2_]·2H_2_O","K Ca Cu As O H","IMA1997-023"," ",1280,"Andyrobertsite","orthorhombic","Pnma","K Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Carb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Calcioaravaipaite","Calcioaravaipaite","Pb2+Ca2AlF9","PbCa2AlF9","PbCa_2_AlF_9_","Pb^2+^Ca_2_AlF_9_","Pb Ca Al F","IMA1994-018"," ",1281,"Aravaipaite","monoclinic, triclinic","C1, P1","Pb^2+ Ca Al F","Cavp","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Calcioburbankite","Calcioburbankite","Na3(Ca,Ce3+,Sr,La)3(CO3)5","Na3(Ca,Ce,Sr,La)3(CO3)5","Na_3_(Ca,Ce,Sr,La)_3_(CO_3_)_5_","Na_3_(Ca,Ce^3+^,Sr,La)_3_(CO_3_)_5_","Na Ca Ce Sr La C O","IMA1993-001"," ",1283,"Burbankite","hexagonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic","P63mc, P21, Cmc21","Na Ca Ce^3+ Sr La C O","Cbbn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Calciocatapleiite","Calciocatapleiite","CaZr4+Si3O9·H2O","CaZrSi3O9·2H2O","CaZrSi_3_O_9_·2H_2_O","CaZr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·H_2_O","Ca Zr Si O H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",1290,"Catapleiite","orthorhombic","Pbnn","Ca Zr^4+ Si O H","Cctp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Calciocopiapite","Calciocopiapite","CaFe3+4(S6+O4)6(OH)2·20H2O","CaFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O","CaFe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","CaFe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","Ca Fe S O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1284,"Copiapite","triclinic","P1","Ca Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Ccpi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Calciodelrioite","Calciodelrioite","Ca(V5+O3)2·4H2O","Ca(VO3)2·4H2O","Ca(VO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca(V^5+^O_3_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca V O H","IMA2012-031"," ",6088,"Delrioite","monoclinic","I2/a","Ca V^5+ O H","Cdlr","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Calcioferrite","Calcioferrite","Ca4MgFe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O","Ca4MgFe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O","Ca_4_MgFe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Ca_4_MgFe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Ca Mg Fe P O H"," "," ",1285,"Calcioferrite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mg Fe^3+ P O H","Cfr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Calciohatertite","Calciohatertite","NaNaCa(CaFe3+)(As5+O4)3","NaNaCa(CaFe3+)(AsO4)3","NaNaCa(CaFe^3+^)(AsO_4_)_3_","NaNaCa(CaFe^3+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Fe As O","IMA2021-013"," ",7130,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca Fe^3+ As^5+ O","Chtt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Calciohilairite","Calciohilairite","CaZr4+Si3O9·3H2O","CaZrSi3O9·3H2O","CaZrSi_3_O_9_·3H_2_O","CaZr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·3H_2_O","Ca Zr Si O H","IMA1984-023"," ",1286," ","hexagonal","R32","Ca Zr^4+ Si O H","Chlr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Calciojohillerite","Calciojohillerite","NaCaMgMg2(As5+O4)3","NaCaMgMg2(AsO4)3","NaCaMgMg_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","NaCaMgMg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Mg As O","IMA2016-068"," ",6597,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca Mg As^5+ O","Cjhl","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Calciolangbeinite","Calciolangbeinite","K2Ca2(S6+O4)3","K2Ca2(SO4)3","K_2_Ca_2_(SO_4_)_3_","K_2_Ca_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","K Ca S O","IMA2011-067"," ",6010,"Langbeinite","cubic","P213","K Ca S^6+ O","Clgb","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Calciomurmanite","Calciomurmanite","(Ca☐)Ti4+2(Na☐)Ti4+2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4","(Ca☐)Ti2(Na☐)Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4","(Ca[box])Ti_2_(Na[box])Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","(Ca[box])Ti^4+^_2_(Na[box])Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","Ca Ti Na Si O H","IMA2014-103"," ",6402,"Seidozerite-Murmanite","triclinic","P1","Ca Ti^4+ Na Si O H","Cmmn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Calcio-olivine","Calcio-olivine","Ca2SiO4","Ca2(SiO4)","Ca_2_(SiO_4_)","Ca_2_SiO_4_","Ca Si O","IMA2007 s.p."," ",5407,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Ca Si O","Caol","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Calciopetersite","Calciopetersite","Cu2+6Ca(PO4)2(PO3OH)(OH)6·3H2O","CaCu6(PO4)2(PO3OH)(OH)6·3H2O","CaCu_6_(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_Ca(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca Cu P O H","IMA2001-004"," ",5410,"Mixite","hexagonal","P63/m","Cu^2+ Ca P O H","Cpts","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Calciopharmacoalumite","Calciopharmacoalumite","Ca0.5Al4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·5H2O","Ca0.5Al4(AsO4)3(OH)4·5H2O","Ca_0.5_Al_4_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Ca_0.5_Al_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Ca Al As O H","IMA2021-085"," ",7488,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic","P43m","Ca Al As^5+ O H","Cpal",,"No" +"Calciosamarskite","Calciosamarskite","(Ca,Fe3+,Fe2+,Y)(Nb5+Ta5+,Ti4+)O4","(Ca,Fe,Y)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4","(Ca,Fe,Y)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O_4_","(Ca,Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Y)(Nb^5+^Ta^5+^,Ti^4+^)O_4_","Ca Fe Y Nb Ta Ti O","IMA2022 s.p."," ",5412,"Columbite","monoclinic",,"Ca Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Y Nb^5+ Ta^5+ Ti^4+ O","Csmk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Calciotantite","Calciotantite","CaTa4O11","CaTa4O11","CaTa_4_O_11_","CaTa_4_O_11_","Ca Ta O","IMA1981-039"," ",1287," ","hexagonal","P6322","Ca Ta O","Ctan","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Calciouranoite","Calciouranoite","(Ca,Ba,Pb2+,K,Na)U6+2O7·5H2O","(Ca,Ba,Pb,K,Na)U2O7·5H2O","(Ca,Ba,Pb,K,Na)U_2_O_7_·5H_2_O","(Ca,Ba,Pb^2+^,K,Na)U^6+^_2_O_7_·5H_2_O","Ca Ba Pb K Na U O H","IMA1973-004"," ",1288,"Wölsendorfite",,,"Ca Ba Pb^2+ K Na U^6+ O H","Cun","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Calcioursilite","Calcioursilite","Ca4(U6+O2)4(Si2O5)5(OH)6·15H2O","Ca4(UO2)4(Si2O5)5(OH)6·15H2O","Ca_4_(UO_2_)_4_(Si_2_O_5_)_5_(OH)_6_·15H_2_O","Ca_4_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(Si_2_O_5_)_5_(OH)_6_·15H_2_O","Ca U O Si H"," "," ",5414,"Ursilite","orthorhombic",,"Ca U^6+ O Si H","Caur","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Calcioveatchite","Calcioveatchite","SrCaB11O16(OH)5·H2O","SrCaB11O16(OH)5·H2O","SrCaB_11_O_16_(OH)_5_·H_2_O","SrCaB_11_O_16_(OH)_5_·H_2_O","Sr Ca B O H","IMA2020-011"," ",7027,"Veatchite","monoclinic","P21","Sr Ca B O H","Cvea","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Calcite","Calcite","CaCO3","Ca(CO3)","Ca(CO_3_)","CaCO_3_","Ca C O"," "," ",1289,"Calcite","hexagonal","R3c, R32/c, R3c","Ca C O","Cal","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM28 - Photo-alteration, pre-biotic, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere, PM44 - Anoxic microbially-mediated minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Calcjarlite","Calcjarlite","Na2(Ca,☐)14(Mg,☐)2Al12F64(OH)4","Na2(Ca,☐)14(Mg,☐)2Al12F64(OH)4","Na_2_(Ca,[box])_14_(Mg,[box])_2_Al_12_F_64_(OH)_4_","Na_2_(Ca,[box])_14_(Mg,[box])_2_Al_12_F_64_(OH)_4_","Na Ca Mg Al F O H"," "," ",1291,"Jarlite",,,"Na Ca Mg Al F O H","Cjar","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Calclacite","Calclacite","Ca(CH3COO)1-Cl·5H2O","Ca(CH3COO)Cl·5H2O","Ca(CH_3_COO)Cl·5H_2_O","Ca(CH_3_COO)^1-^Cl·5H_2_O","Ca C H O Cl"," "," ",1292,"Acetate","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Ca C H O Cl","Calc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Calcurmolite","Calcurmolite","(Ca1-xNax)2(U6+O2)3(Mo6+O4)2(OH)6-x·nH2O","(Ca1-xNax)2(UO2)3(MoO4)2(OH)6-x·nH2O","(Ca_1-x_Na_x_)_2_(UO_2_)_3_(MoO_4_)_2_(OH)_6-x_·nH_2_O","(Ca_1-x_Na_x_)_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6-x_·nH_2_O","Ca Na U O Mo H"," "," ",1293," ","monoclinic",,"Ca Na U^6+ O Mo^6+ H","Cau","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Calcybeborosilite-(Y)","Calcybeborosilite-(Y)","(Y,REE,Ca)2(B,Be)2(SiO4)2(OH,O)2","(Y,REE,Ca)2(B,Be)2(SiO4)2(OH,O)2","(Y,REE,Ca)_2_(B,Be)_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH,O)_2_","(Y,REE,Ca)_2_(B,Be)_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH,O)_2_","Y REE Ca B Be Si O H"," "," ",5417,"Gadolinite","monoclinic","P21/a","Y REE Ca B Be Si O H","Cbbs-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Calderite","Calderite","Mn2+3Fe3+2(SiO4)3","Mn2+3Fe3+2(SiO4)3","Mn^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Mn^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Mn Fe Si O"," "," ",1294,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Si O","Cdr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Calderónite","Calderonite","Pb2+2Fe3+(V5+O4)2(OH)","Pb2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH)","Pb_2_Fe^3+^(VO_4_)_2_(OH)","Pb^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)","Pb Fe V O H","IMA2001-022"," ",4975,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ V^5+ O H","Cdn","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Caledonite","Caledonite","Cu2+2Pb2+5(S6+O4)3(CO3)(OH)6","Cu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6","Cu_2_Pb_5_(SO_4_)_3_(CO_3_)(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_2_Pb^2+^_5_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(CO_3_)(OH)_6_","Cu Pb S O C H"," "," ",1295,"Caledonite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ S^6+ O C H","Cdo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Calkinsite-(Ce)","Calkinsite-(Ce)","Ce3+2(CO3)3·4H2O","Ce2(CO3)3·4H2O","Ce_2_(CO_3_)_3_·4H_2_O","Ce^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_3_·4H_2_O","Ce C O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1296," ","orthorhombic","P21221","Ce^3+ C O H","Clk-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Callaghanite","Callaghanite","Cu2+2Mg2CO3(OH)6·2H2O","Cu2Mg2(CO3)(OH)6·2H2O","Cu_2_Mg_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_Mg_2_CO_3_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Cu Mg C O H"," "," ",1297," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Cu^2+ Mg C O H","Cgh","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Calomel","Calomel","HgCl","HgCl","HgCl","HgCl","Hg Cl"," "," ",1298," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Hg Cl","Clo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Calumetite","Calumetite","CaCu2+4(OH)8Cl2·3.5H2O","CaCu4(OH)8Cl2·3.5H2O","CaCu_4_(OH)_8_Cl_2_·3.5H_2_O","CaCu^2+^_4_(OH)_8_Cl_2_·3.5H_2_O","Ca Cu O H Cl","IMA2019 s.p."," ",1299,"Anthonyite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Ca Cu^2+ O H Cl","Clu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Calvertite","Calvertite","Cu5Ge0.5S4","Cu5Ge0.5S4","Cu_5_Ge_0.5_S_4_","Cu_5_Ge_0.5_S_4_","Cu Ge S","IMA2006-030"," ",5523," ","cubic",,"Cu Ge S","Cvt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Calzirtite","Calzirtite","Ca2Zr4+5Ti4+2O16","Ca2Zr5Ti2O16","Ca_2_Zr_5_Ti_2_O_16_","Ca_2_Zr^4+^_5_Ti^4+^_2_O_16_","Ca Zr Ti O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1300,"Calzirtite","tetragonal, orthorhombic","I41/acd, Pbca","Ca Zr^4+ Ti^4+ O","Caz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Camanchacaite","Camanchacaite","Na☐CaMg2(As5+O4)2[As5+O2(OH)2]","Na☐CaMg2(AsO4)2[AsO2(OH)2]","Na[box]CaMg_2_(AsO_4_)_2_[AsO_2_(OH)_2_]","Na[box]CaMg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_[As^5+^O_2_(OH)_2_]","Na Ca Mg As O H","IMA2018-025"," ",6770,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca Mg As^5+ O H","Ccc","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Cámaraite","Camaraite","NaBa3Fe2+8Ti4+4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4F3","NaBa3Fe2+8Ti4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4F3","NaBa_3_Fe^2+^_8_Ti_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_O_4_(OH)_4_F_3_","NaBa_3_Fe^2+^_8_Ti^4+^_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_O_4_(OH)_4_F_3_","Na Ba Fe Ti Si O H F","IMA2009-011"," ",5740,"Seidozerite-Bafertisite","triclinic","C1","Na Ba Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Cám","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Camaronesite","Camaronesite","Fe3+2(PO3OH)2(S6+O4)(H2O)4·1-2H2O","Fe3+2(PO3OH)2(SO4)(H2O)4·1-2H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_(SO_4_)(H_2_O)_4_·1-2H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(H_2_O)_4_·1-2H_2_O","Fe P O H S","IMA2012-094"," ",6142,"Taranakite","hexagonal","R32","Fe^3+ P O H S^6+","Cmr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Camérolaite","Camerolaite","Cu2+6Al3(OH)18(H2O)2[Sb5+(OH)6](S6+O4)","Cu6Al3(OH)18(H2O)2[Sb(OH)6](SO4)","Cu_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_(H_2_O)_2_[Sb(OH)_6_](SO_4_)","Cu^2+^_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_(H_2_O)_2_[Sb^5+^(OH)_6_](S^6+^O_4_)","Cu Al O H Sb S","IMA1990-036"," ",1301,"Cyanotrichite","monoclinic, triclinic","P1, C1","Cu^2+ Al O H Sb^5+ S^6+","Cmé","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cameronite","Cameronite","Cu5-x(Cu,Ag)3+xTe10 (x = 0.43)","Cu5-x(Cu,Ag)3+xTe10 (x = 0.43)","Cu_5-x_(Cu,Ag)_3+x_Te_10_ (x = 0.43)","Cu_5-x_(Cu,Ag)_3+x_Te_10_ (x = 0.43)","Cu Ag Te","IMA1984-069"," ",1302," ","tetragonal, monoclinic","C2/c","Cu Ag Te","Cme","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Camgasite","Camgasite","CaMgAs5+O4(OH)·5H2O","CaMg(AsO4)(OH)·5H2O","CaMg(AsO_4_)(OH)·5H_2_O","CaMgAs^5+^O_4_(OH)·5H_2_O","Ca Mg As O H","IMA1988-031"," ",1303," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Mg As^5+ O H","Cmg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Caminite","Caminite","Mg7(S6+O4)5(OH)4·H2O","Mg7(SO4)5(OH)4·H2O","Mg_7_(SO_4_)_5_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Mg_7_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Mg S O H","IMA1983-015"," ",1304,"Lipscombite","tetragonal","I41/amd","Mg S^6+ O H","Cmi","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Campigliaite","Campigliaite","Cu2+4Mn2+(S6+O4)2(OH)6·4H2O","Cu4Mn2+(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O","Cu_4_Mn^2+^(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^_4_Mn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Cu Mn S O H","IMA1981-001"," ",1305,"Devilline","monoclinic","C2","Cu^2+ Mn^2+ S^6+ O H","Cpg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Campostriniite","Campostriniite","(Bi3+2.5Na0.5)(N3-H4)2Na2(S6+O4)6·H2O","(Bi2.5Na0.5)(NH4)2Na2(SO4)6·H2O","(Bi_2.5_Na_0.5_)(NH_4_)_2_Na_2_(SO_4_)_6_·H_2_O","(Bi^3+^_2.5_Na_0.5_)(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Na_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_·H_2_O","Bi Na N H S O","IMA2013-086a"," ",6245,"Görgeyite","monoclinic","C2/c","Bi^3+ Na N^3- H S^6+ O","Cps","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Canaphite","Canaphite","Na2CaP2O7·4H2O","Na2CaP2O7·4H2O","Na_2_CaP_2_O_7_·4H_2_O","Na_2_CaP_2_O_7_·4H_2_O","Na Ca P O H","IMA1983-067"," ",1306," ","monoclinic","Pc","Na Ca P O H","Cnp","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Canasite","Canasite","K3Na3Ca5Si12O30(OH)4","K3Na3Ca5Si12O30(OH)4","K_3_Na_3_Ca_5_Si_12_O_30_(OH)_4_","K_3_Na_3_Ca_5_Si_12_O_30_(OH)_4_","K Na Ca Si O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1307," ","monoclinic","Cm","K Na Ca Si O H","Cns","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Canavesite","Canavesite","Mg2(HBO3)(CO3)·5H2O","Mg2(HBO3)(CO3)·5H2O","Mg_2_(HBO_3_)(CO_3_)·5H_2_O","Mg_2_(HBO_3_)(CO_3_)·5H_2_O","Mg H B O C","IMA1977-025"," ",1308," ","monoclinic",,"Mg H B O C","Cnv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Cancrinite","Cancrinite","(Na,Ca,☐)8(Al6Si6)O24(CO3,S6+O4)2·2H2O","(Na,Ca,☐)8(Al6Si6)O24(CO3,SO4)2·2H2O","(Na,Ca,[box])_8_(Al_6_Si_6_)O_24_(CO_3_,SO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","(Na,Ca,[box])_8_(Al_6_Si_6_)O_24_(CO_3_,S^6+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na Ca Al Si O C S H"," "," ",1309,"Cancrinite","hexagonal","P63","Na Ca Al Si O C S^6+ H","Ccn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Cancrisilite","Cancrisilite","Na7(Si7Al5)O24(CO3)·3H2O","Na7(Si7Al5)O24(CO3)·3H2O","Na_7_(Si_7_Al_5_)O_24_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Na_7_(Si_7_Al_5_)O_24_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Na Si Al O C H","IMA1990-013"," ",1310,"Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P63mc","Na Si Al O C H","Cnc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Canfieldite","Canfieldite","Ag1+8Sn4+S2-6","Ag8SnS6","Ag_8_SnS_6_","Ag^1+^_8_Sn^4+^S^2-^_6_","Ag Sn S"," "," ",1311,"Argyrodite","orthorhombic, cubic","F43m","Ag^1+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Cfi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cannizzarite","Cannizzarite","Pb2+8Bi3+10S2-23","Pb8Bi10S23","Pb_8_Bi_10_S_23_","Pb^2+^_8_Bi^3+^_10_S^2-^_23_","Pb Bi S"," "," ",1313," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Cnz","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Cannonite","Cannonite","Bi3+2O(S6+O4)(OH)2","Bi2O(SO4)(OH)2","Bi_2_O(SO_4_)(OH)_2_","Bi^3+^_2_O(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_","Bi O S H","IMA1992-002"," ",1314," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Bi^3+ O S^6+ H","Cnn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Canosioite","Canosioite","Ba2Fe3+(As5+O4)2(OH)","Ba2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)","Ba_2_Fe^3+^(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)","Ba_2_Fe^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)","Ba Fe As O H","IMA2015-030"," ",6433,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ba Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Cso","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Canutite","Canutite","Na☐Mn2+Mn2+2(As5+O4)[As5+O3(OH)]2","Na☐MnMn2(AsO4)[AsO3(OH)]2","Na[box]MnMn_2_(AsO_4_)[AsO_3_(OH)]_2_","Na[box]Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)[As^5+^O_3_(OH)]_2_","Na Mn As O H","IMA2013-070"," ",6231,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Can","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Caoxite","Caoxite","Ca(C2)6+O4·3H2O","Ca(C2O4)·3H2O","Ca(C_2_O_4_)·3H_2_O","Ca(C_2_)^6+^O_4_·3H_2_O","Ca C O H","IMA1996-012"," ",1315,"Oxalate","triclinic","P1","Ca C O H","Cao","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Capgaronnite","Capgaronnite","AgHgClS","AgHgClS","AgHgClS","AgHgClS","Ag Hg Cl S","IMA1990-011"," ",1316," ","orthorhombic","P21212","Ag Hg Cl S","Cga","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cappelenite-(Y)","Cappelenite-(Y)","BaY6B6Si3O24F2","BaY6B6Si3O24F2","BaY_6_B_6_Si_3_O_24_F_2_","BaY_6_B_6_Si_3_O_24_F_2_","Ba Y B Si O F","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1317," ","hexagonal","P3","Ba Y B Si O F","Cpp-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Capranicaite","Capranicaite","KCaNaAl4B4Si2O18","KCaNaAl4B4Si2O18","KCaNaAl_4_B_4_Si_2_O_18_","KCaNaAl_4_B_4_Si_2_O_18_","K Ca Na Al B Si O","IMA2009-086"," ",5815,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","K Ca Na Al B Si O","Cpc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Caracolite","Caracolite","Na2(Pb2+2Na)(S6+O4)3Cl","Na2(Pb2Na)(SO4)3Cl","Na_2_(Pb_2_Na)(SO_4_)_3_Cl","Na_2_(Pb^2+^_2_Na)(S^6+^O_4_)_3_Cl","Na Pb S O Cl"," "," ",1318,"Apatite","hexagonal, monoclinic","P63/m, P21/m","Na Pb^2+ S^6+ O Cl","Cco","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Carboborite","Carboborite","Ca2Mg[B(OH)4]2(CO3)2·4H2O","Ca2Mg[B(OH)4]2(CO3)2·4H2O","Ca_2_Mg[B(OH)_4_]_2_(CO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_2_Mg[B(OH)_4_]_2_(CO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Mg B O H C","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1319," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca Mg B O H C","Cab","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Carbobystrite","Carbobystrite","Na8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3)·4H2O","Na8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3)·4H2O","Na_8_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Na_8_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Na Al Si O C H","IMA2009-028"," ",5755,"Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P31c","Na Al Si O C H","Cbys","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Carbocalumite","Carbocalumite","Ca4Al2(OH)12(CO3)·6H2O","Ca4Al2(OH)12(CO3)·6H2O","Ca_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·6H_2_O","Ca_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·6H_2_O","Ca Al O H C","IMA2021-106"," ",7208,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3c","Ca Al O H C","Cbcl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Carbocernaite","Carbocernaite","(Sr,Ce4+,La)(Ca,Na)(CO3)2","(Sr,Ce,La)(Ca,Na)(CO3)2","(Sr,Ce,La)(Ca,Na)(CO_3_)_2_","(Sr,Ce^4+^,La)(Ca,Na)(CO_3_)_2_","Sr Ce La Ca Na C O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1320,"Carbocernaite","orthorhombic","Pmc21","Sr Ce^4+ La Ca Na C O","Cbc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Carboferriphoxite","Carboferriphoxite","[(N3-H4)K(H2CO3)][Fe3+(HPO4)(H2PO4)((C2)6+O4)]","[(NH4)K(H2CO3)][Fe3+(HPO4)(H2PO4)(C2O4)]","[(NH_4_)K(H_2_CO_3_)][Fe^3+^(HPO_4_)(H_2_PO_4_)(C_2_O_4_)]","[(N^3-^H_4_)K(H_2_CO_3_)][Fe^3+^(HPO_4_)(H_2_PO_4_)((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)]","N H K C O Fe P","IMA2023-097"," ",7439,"Oxalate, Ferriphoxite","triclinic","P1","N^3- H K C O Fe^3+ P","Cfphx",,"No" +"Carboirite","Carboirite","Fe2+Al2GeO5(OH)2","Fe2+Al2GeO5(OH)2","Fe^2+^Al_2_GeO_5_(OH)_2_","Fe^2+^Al_2_GeO_5_(OH)_2_","Fe Al Ge O H","IMA1980-066"," ",1321,"Chloritoid","triclinic","C1","Fe^2+ Al Ge O H","Cb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Carbokentbrooksite","Carbokentbrooksite","(Na,☐)12(Na,Ce3+)3Ca6Mn2+3Zr4+3Nb5+Si25O73(OH)3(CO3)·H2O","(Na,☐)12(Na,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3NbSi25O73(OH)3(CO3)·H2O","(Na,[box])_12_(Na,Ce)_3_Ca_6_Mn_3_Zr_3_NbSi_25_O_73_(OH)_3_(CO_3_)·H_2_O","(Na,[box])_12_(Na,Ce^3+^)_3_Ca_6_Mn^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^Si_25_O_73_(OH)_3_(CO_3_)·H_2_O","Na Ce Ca Mn Zr Nb Si O H C","IMA2002-056"," ",1323,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ce^3+ Ca Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H C","Cktb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Carbonatecyanotrichite","Carbonatecyanotrichite","Cu2+4Al2CO3(OH)12·2H2O","Cu4Al2(CO3)(OH)12·2H2O","Cu_4_Al_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_12_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_4_Al_2_CO_3_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O","Cu Al C O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1324,"Cyanotrichite",,,"Cu^2+ Al C O H","Ccya","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cardite","Cardite","Zn2+5.5(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)(OH)3·3H2O","Zn5.5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)3·3H2O","Zn_5.5_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_3_·3H_2_O","Zn^2+^_5.5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_3_·3H_2_O","Zn As O H","IMA2015-125"," ",6526,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Cdi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Carducciite","Carducciite","(Ag1+Sb3+)Pb2+6(As3+,Sb3+)8S2-20","(AgSb)Pb6(As,Sb)8S20","(AgSb)Pb_6_(As,Sb)_8_S_20_","(Ag^1+^Sb^3+^)Pb^2+^_6_(As^3+^,Sb^3+^)_8_S^2-^_20_","Ag Sb Pb As S","IMA2013-006"," ",6169," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag^1+ Sb^3+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Cdu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Caresite","Caresite","Fe2+4Al2(OH)12CO3·3H2O","Fe2+4Al2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O","Fe^2+^_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Fe^2+^_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_CO_3_·3H_2_O","Fe Al O H C","IMA1992-030"," ",1327,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P3112","Fe^2+ Al O H C","Cre","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Carletonite","Carletonite","KNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)4(F,OH)·H2O","KNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)4(F,OH)·H2O","KNa_4_Ca_4_Si_8_O_18_(CO_3_)_4_(F,OH)·H_2_O","KNa_4_Ca_4_Si_8_O_18_(CO_3_)_4_(F,OH)·H_2_O","K Na Ca Si O C F H","IMA1969-016"," ",1328,"Carletonite","tetragonal","P4/mbm","K Na Ca Si O C F H","Cto","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Carletonmooreite","Carletonmooreite","Ni3Si","Ni3Si","Ni_3_Si","Ni_3_Si","Ni Si","IMA2018-068"," ",6800," ","cubic","Pm3m","Ni Si","Cmo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Carlfrancisite","Carlfrancisite","Mn2+3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42[As3+O3]2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]6[(As5+,Si)O4]2(OH)42","Mn2+3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42(As3+O3)2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]6[(As5+,Si)O4]2(OH)42","Mn^2+^_3_(Mn^2+^,Mg,Fe^3+^,Al)_42_(As^3+^O_3_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_[(Si,As^5+^)O_4_]_6_[(As^5+^,Si)O_4_]_2_(OH)_42_","Mn^2+^_3_(Mn^2+^,Mg,Fe^3+^,Al)_42_[As^3+^O_3_]_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_[(Si,As^5+^)O_4_]_6_[(As^5+^,Si)O_4_]_2_(OH)_42_","Mn Mg Fe Al As O Si H","IMA2012-033"," ",6091,"Hematolite","hexagonal","R3c","Mn^2+ Mg Fe^3+ Al As^3+ O As^5+ Si H","Cfc","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Carlfriesite","Carlfriesite","CaTe4+2Te6+O8","CaTe4+2Te6+O8","CaTe^4+^_2_Te^6+^O_8_","CaTe^4+^_2_Te^6+^O_8_","Ca Te O","IMA1973-013"," ",1329," ","monoclinic","C2/c, I2/a","Ca Te^4+ Te^6+ O","Clf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Carlgieseckeite-(Nd)","Carlgieseckeite-(Nd)","NaNdCa3(PO4)3F","NaNdCa3(PO4)3F","NaNdCa_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","NaNdCa_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","Na Nd Ca P O F","IMA2010-036"," ",5866,"Apatite","hexagonal","P3","Na Nd Ca P O F","Csk-Nd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Carlhintzeite","Carlhintzeite","Ca2AlF7·H2O","Ca2AlF7·H2O","Ca_2_AlF_7_·H_2_O","Ca_2_AlF_7_·H_2_O","Ca Al F H O","IMA1978-031"," ",1330," ","triclinic","P1, C1","Ca Al F H O","Chz","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Carlinite","Carlinite","Tl1+2S2-","Tl2S","Tl_2_S","Tl^1+^_2_S^2-^","Tl S","IMA1974-062"," ",1331," ","hexagonal","R3","Tl^1+ S^2-","Cni","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Carlosbarbosaite","Carlosbarbosaite","(U6+O2)2Nb5+2O6(OH)2·2H2O","(UO2)2Nb2O6(OH)2·2H2O","(UO_2_)_2_Nb_2_O_6_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)_2_Nb^5+^_2_O_6_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","U O Nb H","IMA2010-047"," ",5876," ","orthorhombic","Cmcm","U^6+ O Nb^5+ H","Cbb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Carlosruizite","Carlosruizite","K3Na2Na3Mg5(I5+O3)6(Se6+O4)6·6H2O","K3Na2Na3Mg5(IO3)6(SeO4)6·6H2O","K_3_Na_2_Na_3_Mg_5_(IO_3_)_6_(SeO_4_)_6_·6H_2_O","K_3_Na_2_Na_3_Mg_5_(I^5+^O_3_)_6_(Se^6+^O_4_)_6_·6H_2_O","K Na Mg I O Se H","IMA1993-020"," ",1332," ","hexagonal","P3c1","K Na Mg I^5+ O Se^6+ H","Crz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Carlosturanite","Carlosturanite","(Mg,Fe2+,Ti4+)21(Si,Al)12O28(OH)34·H2O","(Mg,Fe2+,Ti)21(Si,Al)12O28(OH)34·H2O","(Mg,Fe^2+^,Ti)_21_(Si,Al)_12_O_28_(OH)_34_·H_2_O","(Mg,Fe^2+^,Ti^4+^)_21_(Si,Al)_12_O_28_(OH)_34_·H_2_O","Mg Fe Ti Si Al O H","IMA1984-009"," ",1333," ","monoclinic","Cm","Mg Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si Al O H","Csr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Carlsbergite","Carlsbergite","Cr3+N3-","CrN","CrN","Cr^3+^N^3-^","Cr N","IMA1971-026"," ",1334,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Cr^3+ N^3-","Cbg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Carlsonite","Carlsonite","(N3-H4)5Fe3+3O(S6+O4)6·7H2O","(NH4)5Fe3+3O(SO4)6·7H2O","(NH_4_)_5_Fe^3+^_3_O(SO_4_)_6_·7H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_5_Fe^3+^_3_O(S^6+^O_4_)_6_·7H_2_O","N H Fe O S","IMA2014-067"," ",6366,"Metavoltine","triclinic","P1","N^3- H Fe^3+ O S^6+","Csn","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Carmeltazite","Carmeltazite","Zr4+Al2Ti3+4O11","ZrAl2Ti4O11","ZrAl_2_Ti_4_O_11_","Zr^4+^Al_2_Ti^3+^_4_O_11_","Zr Al Ti O","IMA2018-103"," ",6804,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Zr^4+ Al Ti^3+ O","Ctz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals","No" +"Carmichaelite","Carmichaelite","(Ti4+,Cr3+,Fe3+)(O,OH)2","(Ti,Cr,Fe)(O,OH)2","(Ti,Cr,Fe)(O,OH)_2_","(Ti^4+^,Cr^3+^,Fe^3+^)(O,OH)_2_","Ti Cr Fe O H","IMA1996-062"," ",1335," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ti^4+ Cr^3+ Fe^3+ O H","Cmh","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism","No" +"Carminite","Carminite","Pb2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2","PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2","PbFe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb Fe As O H"," "," ",1336,"Carminite","orthorhombic","Cccm","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Cmt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Carnallite","Carnallite","KMgCl3·6H2O","KMgCl3·6H2O","KMgCl_3_·6H_2_O","KMgCl_3_·6H_2_O","K Mg Cl H O"," "," ",1337,"Carnallite","orthorhombic","Pnna, Pbnn","K Mg Cl H O","Cna","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Carnotite","Carnotite","K2(U6+O2)2(V5+O4)2·3H2O","K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O","K_2_(UO_2_)_2_(VO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","K_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","K U O V H"," "," ",1338," ","monoclinic","P21/c","K U^6+ O V^5+ H","Cnt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Carobbiite","Carobbiite","KF","KF","KF","KF","K F"," "," ",1339,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","K F","Crb","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Carpathite","Carpathite","C24H12","C24H12","C_24_H_12_","C_24_H_12_","C H","IMA1971 s.p."," ",4976," ","monoclinic","P21/a","C H","Cpa","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Carpholite","Carpholite","Mn2+Al2Si2O6(OH)4","Mn2+Al2Si2O6(OH)4","Mn^2+^Al_2_Si_2_O_6_(OH)_4_","Mn^2+^Al_2_Si_2_O_6_(OH)_4_","Mn Al Si O H"," "," ",1340,"Carpholite","orthorhombic","Ccca","Mn^2+ Al Si O H","Car","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Carraraite","Carraraite","Ca3Ge(S6+O4)(CO3)(OH)6·12H2O","Ca3Ge(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6·12H2O","Ca_3_Ge(SO_4_)(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_Ge(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca Ge S O C H","IMA1998-002"," ",1341,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Ge S^6+ O C H","Cra","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Carrboydite","Carrboydite","Ni2+14Al9(S6+O4)6(OH)43·7H2O","(Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Ni_1-x_Al_x_)(SO_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","Ni^2+^_14_Al_9_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_43_·7H_2_O","Ni Al S O H","IMA1974-033"," ",1342,"Woodwardite, Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P3m1","Ni^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Cby","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Carrollite","Carrollite","Cu1+Co3+2S4","CuCo2S4","CuCo_2_S_4_","Cu^1+^Co^3+^_2_S_4_","Cu Co S"," "," ",1343,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Cu^1+ Co^3+ S","Cli","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Caryinite","Caryinite","NaCaCaMn2+2(As5+O4)3","NaCaCaMn2(AsO4)3","NaCaCaMn_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","NaCaCaMn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Mn As O","IMA1980 s.p."," ",1344,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","I2/a","Na Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O","Cyn","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Caryochroite","Caryochroite","(Na,Sr)3(Fe3+,Mg)10Ti4+2Si12O37(H2O,O,OH)17","(Na,Sr)3(Fe3+,Mg)10Ti2Si12O37(H2O,O,OH)17","(Na,Sr)_3_(Fe^3+^,Mg)_10_Ti_2_Si_12_O_37_(H_2_O,O,OH)_17_","(Na,Sr)_3_(Fe^3+^,Mg)_10_Ti^4+^_2_Si_12_O_37_(H_2_O,O,OH)_17_","Na Sr Fe Mg Ti Si O H","IMA2005-031"," ",5320," ","monoclinic","P2/n","Na Sr Fe^3+ Mg Ti^4+ Si O H","Cyh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Caryopilite","Caryopilite","Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4","Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4","Mn^2+^_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Mn^2+^_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Mn Si O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1345,"Clay, Serpentine","monoclinic",,"Mn^2+ Si O H","Cpl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Cascandite","Cascandite","CaScSi3O8(OH)","CaScSi3O8(OH)","CaScSi_3_O_8_(OH)","CaScSi_3_O_8_(OH)","Ca Sc Si O H","IMA1980-011"," ",1346,"Pectolite","triclinic","P1, C1","Ca Sc Si O H","Cas","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Caseyite","Caseyite","[(V5+O2)Al7.5(OH)15(H2O)13]2[H2V4+V5+9O28][V5+10O28]2·90H2O","[(V5+O2)Al7.5(OH)15(H2O)13]2[H2V4+V5+9O28][V5+10O28]2·90H2O","[(V^5+^O_2_)Al_7.5_(OH)_15_(H_2_O)_13_]_2_[H_2_V^4+^V^5+^_9_O_28_][V^5+^_10_O_28_]_2_·90H_2_O","[(V^5+^O_2_)Al_7.5_(OH)_15_(H_2_O)_13_]_2_[H_2_V^4+^V^5+^_9_O_28_][V^5+^_10_O_28_]_2_·90H_2_O","V O Al H","IMA2019-002"," ",6893,"Pascoite","monoclinic","P21/n","V^5+ O Al H V^4+","Csy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Cassagnaite","Cassagnaite","Ca4Fe3+4V3+2(OH)6O2(Si3O10)(SiO4)2","Ca4Fe3+4V3+2(OH)6O2(Si3O10)(SiO4)2","Ca_4_Fe^3+^_4_V^3+^_2_(OH)_6_O_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(SiO_4_)_2_","Ca_4_Fe^3+^_4_V^3+^_2_(OH)_6_O_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(SiO_4_)_2_","Ca Fe V O H Si","IMA2006-019a"," ",5595,"Ardennite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Ca Fe^3+ V^3+ O H Si","Csg","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Cassedanneite","Cassedanneite","Pb2+5(V5+O4)2(Cr6+O4)2·H2O","Pb5(VO4)2(CrO4)2·H2O","Pb_5_(VO_4_)_2_(CrO_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Pb^2+^_5_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(Cr^6+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Pb V O Cr H","IMA1984-063"," ",1347," ","monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ V^5+ O Cr^6+ H","Cda","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cassidyite","Cassidyite","Ca2Ni2+(PO4)2·2H2O","Ca2Ni(PO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Ni(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Ni^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Ni P O H","IMA1966-024"," ",1348,"Fairfieldite","triclinic","P1","Ca Ni^2+ P O H","Cdy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cassiterite","Cassiterite","Sn4+O2","SnO2","SnO_2_","Sn^4+^O_2_","Sn O"," "," ",1349,"Rutile","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Sn^4+ O","Cst","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Castellaroite","Castellaroite","Mn2+3(As5+O4)2·4.5H2O","Mn2+3(AsO4)2·4.5H2O","Mn^2+^_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·4.5H_2_O","Mn^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·4.5H_2_O","Mn As O H","IMA2015-071"," ",6475,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Ctr","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Caswellsilverite","Caswellsilverite","NaCr3+S2-2","NaCrS2","NaCrS_2_","NaCr^3+^S^2-^_2_","Na Cr S","IMA1981-012a"," ",1350,"Scacchite","hexagonal","R3m","Na Cr^3+ S^2-","Cws","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Catalanoite","Catalanoite","Na2HPO4·8H2O","Na2(HPO4)·8H2O","Na_2_(HPO_4_)·8H_2_O","Na_2_HPO_4_·8H_2_O","Na H P O","IMA2002-008"," ",4977," ","orthorhombic","Ibca","Na H P O","Ct","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Catamarcaite","Catamarcaite","Cu6GeWS8","Cu6GeWS8","Cu_6_GeWS_8_","Cu_6_GeWS_8_","Cu Ge W S","IMA2003-020"," ",5233," ","hexagonal","P63mc","Cu Ge W S","Ctm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Catapleiite","Catapleiite","Na2Zr4+Si3O9·2H2O","Na2Zr(Si3O9)·2H2O","Na_2_Zr(Si_3_O_9_)·2H_2_O","Na_2_Zr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·2H_2_O","Na Zr Si O H"," "," ",1351,"Catapleiite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pbnn, B2/b","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Ctp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Cattierite","Cattierite","Co2+(S2)2-","CoS2","CoS_2_","Co^2+^(S_2_)^2-^","Co S"," "," ",1352,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Co^2+ S","Cat","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Cattiite","Cattiite","Mg3(PO4)2·22H2O","Mg3(PO4)2·22H2O","Mg_3_(PO_4_)_2_·22H_2_O","Mg_3_(PO_4_)_2_·22H_2_O","Mg P O H","IMA2000-032"," ",1353," ","triclinic","P1","Mg P O H","Ctt","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Cavansite","Cavansite","CaV4+OSi4O10·4H2O","Ca(V4+O)(Si4O10)·4H2O","Ca(V^4+^O)(Si_4_O_10_)·4H_2_O","CaV^4+^OSi_4_O_10_·4H_2_O","Ca V O Si H","IMA1967-019"," ",1354," ","orthorhombic","Pcmn, Pnma","Ca V^4+ O Si H","Cav","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Cavoite","Cavoite","CaV4+3O7","CaV3O7","CaV_3_O_7_","CaV^4+^_3_O_7_","Ca V O","IMA2001-024"," ",1355," ","orthorhombic","Pnam","Ca V^4+ O","Cvo","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cayalsite-(Y)","Cayalsite-(Y)","CaY6Al2Si4O18F6","CaY6Al2Si4O18F6","CaY_6_Al_2_Si_4_O_18_F_6_","CaY_6_Al_2_Si_4_O_18_F_6_","Ca Y Al Si O F","IMA2011-094"," ",6066,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pban, P2/c","Ca Y Al Si O F","Cyl-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Caysichite-(Y)","Caysichite-(Y)","(Ca,Yb,Er)4Y4Si8O20(CO3)6(OH)·7H2O","(Ca,Yb,Er)4Y4(Si8O20)(CO3)6(OH)·7H2O","(Ca,Yb,Er)_4_Y_4_(Si_8_O_20_)(CO_3_)_6_(OH)·7H_2_O","(Ca,Yb,Er)_4_Y_4_Si_8_O_20_(CO_3_)_6_(OH)·7H_2_O","Ca Yb Er Y Si O C H","IMA1973-044, IMA1987 s.p."," ",1356," ","orthorhombic","Ccm21","Ca Yb Er Y Si O C H","Cay-Y","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cebaite-(Ce)","Cebaite-(Ce)","Ba3Ce3+2(CO3)5F2","Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2","Ba_3_Ce_2_(CO_3_)_5_F_2_","Ba_3_Ce^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_5_F_2_","Ba Ce C O F","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1357," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba Ce^3+ C O F","Ceb-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Cebollite","Cebollite","Ca5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4","Ca5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4","Ca_5_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_","Ca_5_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_","Ca Al Si O H"," "," ",1358,"Melilite",,,"Ca Al Si O H","Cbl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Čechite","Cechite","Pb2+Fe2+V5+O4(OH)","PbFe2+(VO4)(OH)","PbFe^2+^(VO_4_)(OH)","Pb^2+^Fe^2+^V^5+^O_4_(OH)","Pb Fe V O H","IMA1980-068"," ",1359,"Descloizite","orthorhombic","Pnam","Pb^2+ Fe^2+ V^5+ O H","Čec","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Čejkaite","Cejkaite","Na4U6+O2(CO3)3","Na4(UO2)(CO3)3","Na_4_(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_","Na_4_U^6+^O_2_(CO_3_)_3_","Na U O C","IMA1999-045"," ",1360," ","triclinic, hexagonal, monoclinic","P1, P3c1, Cc","Na U^6+ O C","Čej","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Celadonite","Celadonite","KMgFe3+Si4O10(OH)2","KMgFe3+Si4O10(OH)2","KMgFe^3+^Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","KMgFe^3+^Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","K Mg Fe Si O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",1361,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic","C2/m, C2","K Mg Fe^3+ Si O H","Cel","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Celestine","Celestine","SrS6+O4","Sr(SO4)","Sr(SO_4_)","SrS^6+^O_4_","Sr S O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1362,"Baryte","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Sr S^6+ O","Clt","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Celleriite","Celleriite","☐(Mn2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","☐(Mn2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","[box](Mn^2+^_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","[box](Mn^2+^_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","Mn Al Si O B H","IMA2019-089"," ",6975,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Mn^2+ Al Si O B H","Cll","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Celsian","Celsian","BaAl2Si2O8","Ba(Al2Si2O8)","Ba(Al_2_Si_2_O_8_)","BaAl_2_Si_2_O_8_","Ba Al Si O"," "," ",1363,"Feldspar","monoclinic","I2/c","Ba Al Si O","Cls","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Centennialite","Centennialite","CaCu2+3Cl2(OH)6·nH2O (n ~ 0.7)","CaCu3Cl2(OH)6·nH2O (n ~ 0.7)","CaCu_3_Cl_2_(OH)_6_·nH_2_O (n ~ 0.7)","CaCu^2+^_3_Cl_2_(OH)_6_·nH_2_O (n ~ 0.7)","Ca Cu Cl O H","IMA2013-110"," ",6271,"Atacamite","hexagonal","P3m1","Ca Cu^2+ Cl O H","Cte","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Cerchiaraite-(Al)","Cerchiaraite-(Al)","Ba4Al4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]","Ba4Al4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]","Ba_4_Al_4_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_(OH)_4_Cl_2_[Si_2_O_3_(OH)_4_]","Ba_4_Al_4_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_(OH)_4_Cl_2_[Si_2_O_3_(OH)_4_]","Ba Al Si O H Cl","IMA2012-011"," ",6070,"Cerchiaraite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Ba Al Si O H Cl","Ccr-Al","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Cerchiaraite-(Fe)","Cerchiaraite-(Fe)","Ba4Fe3+4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]","Ba4Fe3+4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]","Ba_4_Fe^3+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_(OH)_4_Cl_2_[Si_2_O_3_(OH)_4_]","Ba_4_Fe^3+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_(OH)_4_Cl_2_[Si_2_O_3_(OH)_4_]","Ba Fe Si O H Cl","IMA2012-012"," ",6071,"Cerchiaraite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Ba Fe^3+ Si O H Cl","Ccr-Fe","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Cerchiaraite-(Mn)","Cerchiaraite-(Mn)","Ba4Mn3+4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]","Ba4Mn3+4(Si4O12)O2(OH)4Cl2[Si2O3(OH)4]","Ba_4_Mn^3+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_(OH)_4_Cl_2_[Si_2_O_3_(OH)_4_]","Ba_4_Mn^3+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_(OH)_4_Cl_2_[Si_2_O_3_(OH)_4_]","Ba Mn Si O H Cl","IMA1999-012"," ",1364,"Cerchiaraite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Ba Mn^3+ Si O H Cl","Ccr-Mn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Cerianite-(Ce)","Cerianite-(Ce)","Ce4+O2","CeO2","CeO_2_","Ce^4+^O_2_","Ce O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1365,"Fluorite","cubic","Fm3m, Fm3m","Ce^4+ O","Cei-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Cerite-(CeCa)","Cerite-(CeCa)","(Ce3+7Ca2)☐Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3","(Ce7Ca2)☐Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3","(Ce_7_Ca_2_)[box]Mg(SiO_4_)_3_(SiO_3_OH)_4_(OH)_3_","(Ce^3+^_7_Ca_2_)[box]Mg(SiO_4_)_3_(SiO_3_OH)_4_(OH)_3_","Ce Ca Mg Si O H","IMA1987 s.p., IMA2023 s.p."," ",1367,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ce^3+ Ca Mg Si O H","Crt-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Cerium","Cerium","Ce","Ce","Ce","Ce","Ce"," "," ",5420," ","cubic, hexagonal","Fm3m, P63/mmc","Ce","Ce","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","Yes" +"Černýite","Cernyite","Cu1+2Cd2+Sn4+S2-4","Cu2CdSnS4","Cu_2_CdSnS_4_","Cu^1+^_2_Cd^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Cd Sn S","IMA1976-057"," ",1369,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I42m","Cu^1+ Cd^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Čný","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Cerromojonite","Cerromojonite","Cu1+Pb2+Bi3+Se2-3","CuPbBiSe3","CuPbBiSe_3_","Cu^1+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^Se^2-^_3_","Cu Pb Bi Se","IMA2018-040"," ",6781,"Bournonite","orthorhombic","Pn21m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Se^2-","Cmj","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ceruleite","Ceruleite","Cu2+Al4(As5+O4)2(OH)8(H2O)4","CuAl4(AsO4)2(OH)8(H2O)4","CuAl_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_(H_2_O)_4_","Cu^2+^Al_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_8_(H_2_O)_4_","Cu Al As O H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",1371," ","triclinic",,"Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O H","Cru","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cerussite","Cerussite","Pb2+CO3","Pb(CO3)","Pb(CO_3_)","Pb^2+^CO_3_","Pb C O"," "," ",1372,"Aragonite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Pb^2+ C O","Cer","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Cervandonite-(Ce)","Cervandonite-(Ce)","(Ce3+,Nd,La3+)(Fe3+,Ti4+,Fe2+,Al)3O2(Si2O7)0.8(As3+O3)1.2(OH)0.6","(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,Al)3O2(Si2O7)1-x+y(AsO3)1+x-y(OH)3x-3y","(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe^3+^,Ti,Fe^2+^,Al)_3_O_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_1-x+y_(AsO_3_)_1+x-y_(OH)_3x-3y_","(Ce^3+^,Nd,La^3+^)(Fe^3+^,Ti^4+^,Fe^2+^,Al)_3_O_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_0.8_(As^3+^O_3_)_1.2_(OH)_0.6_","Ce Nd La Fe Ti Al O Si As H","IMA1986-044"," ",1373," ","hexagonal","R3m","Ce^3+ Nd La^3+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Fe^2+ Al O Si As^3+ H","Cvd-Ce","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Cervantite","Cervantite","Sb3+Sb5+O4","Sb3+Sb5+O4","Sb^3+^Sb^5+^O_4_","Sb^3+^Sb^5+^O_4_","Sb O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1374," ","orthorhombic","Pna21, Pbn21","Sb^3+ Sb^5+ O","Cvn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cervelleite","Cervelleite","Ag4TeS","Ag4TeS","Ag_4_TeS","Ag_4_TeS","Ag Te S","IMA1986-018"," ",1375," ","cubic",,"Ag Te S","Cvl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cesanite","Cesanite","Ca2Na3(S6+O4)3OH","Ca2Na3(SO4)3OH","Ca_2_Na_3_(SO_4_)_3_OH","Ca_2_Na_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_OH","Ca Na S O H","IMA1980-023"," ",1376,"Apatite","hexagonal","P6, P63/m","Ca Na S^6+ O H","Csa","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Césarferreiraite","Cesarferreiraite","Fe2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Fe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe As O H","IMA2012-099"," ",6162,"Laueite","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Céf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Cesàrolite","Cesarolite","Pb2+Mn4+3O6(OH)2","PbMn4+3O6(OH)2","PbMn^4+^_3_O_6_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^Mn^4+^_3_O_6_(OH)_2_","Pb Mn O H"," "," ",1377," ",,,"Pb^2+ Mn^4+ O H","Csà","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cesbronite","Cesbronite","Cu2+3Te6+O4(OH)4","Cu3Te6+O4(OH)4","Cu_3_Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^_3_Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_","Cu Te O H","IMA1974-006"," ",1378," ","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H","Ces","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cesiodymite","Cesiodymite","CsKCu2+5O(S6+O4)5","CsKCu5O(SO4)5","CsKCu_5_O(SO_4_)_5_","CsKCu^2+^_5_O(S^6+^O_4_)_5_","Cs K Cu O S","IMA2016-002"," ",6531,"Cryptochalcite","triclinic","P1","Cs K Cu^2+ O S^6+","Ced","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Cesiokenopyrochlore","Cesiokenopyrochlore","☐Nb5+2(O,OH)6Cs1-x","☐Nb2(O,OH)6Cs1-x","[box]Nb_2_(O,OH)_6_Cs_1-x_","[box]Nb^5+^_2_(O,OH)_6_Cs_1-x_","Nb O H Cs","IMA2016-104"," ",6631,"Pyrochlore-Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","Nb^5+ O H Cs","Ckpcl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Cesplumtantite","Cesplumtantite","Cs2Pb2+3Ta5+8O24","Cs2Pb3Ta8O24","Cs_2_Pb_3_Ta_8_O_24_","Cs_2_Pb^2+^_3_Ta^5+^_8_O_24_","Cs Pb Ta O","IMA1985-040"," ",1381," ","tetragonal",,"Cs Pb^2+ Ta^5+ O","Cptan","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Cetineite","Cetineite","NaK5Sb3+14S2-6O18·6H2O","NaK5Sb14S6O18(H2O)6","NaK_5_Sb_14_S_6_O_18_(H_2_O)_6_","NaK_5_Sb^3+^_14_S^2-^_6_O_18_·6H_2_O","Na K Sb S O H","IMA1986-019"," ",1383,"Cetineite","hexagonal","P63","Na K Sb^3+ S^2- O H","Cet","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Chabazite-Ca","Chabazite-Ca","Ca2Al4Si8O24·13H2O","Ca2[Al4Si8O24]·13H2O","Ca_2_[Al_4_Si_8_O_24_]·13H_2_O","Ca_2_Al_4_Si_8_O_24_·13H_2_O","Ca Al Si O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1384,"Chabazite","hexagonal, triclinic","R3, R3m, P1","Ca Al Si O H","Cbz-Ca","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Chabazite-K","Chabazite-K","(K2NaCa0.5)Al4Si8O24·11H2O","(K2NaCa0.5)[Al4Si8O24]·11H2O","(K_2_NaCa_0.5_)[Al_4_Si_8_O_24_]·11H_2_O","(K_2_NaCa_0.5_)Al_4_Si_8_O_24_·11H_2_O","K Na Ca Al Si O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1385,"Chabazite","hexagonal","R3, R3m","K Na Ca Al Si O H","Cbz-K","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Chabazite-Mg","Chabazite-Mg","(Mg0.7K0.5Ca0.5Na0.1)Al3Si9O24·10H2O","(Mg0.7K0.5Ca0.5Na0.1)[Al3Si9O24]·10H2O","(Mg_0.7_K_0.5_Ca_0.5_Na_0.1_)[Al_3_Si_9_O_24_]·10H_2_O","(Mg_0.7_K_0.5_Ca_0.5_Na_0.1_)Al_3_Si_9_O_24_·10H_2_O","Mg K Ca Na Al Si O H","IMA2009-060"," ",5789,"Chabazite","hexagonal","R3, R3m","Mg K Ca Na Al Si O H","Cbz-Mg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Chabazite-Na","Chabazite-Na","(Na3K)Al4Si8O24·11H2O","(Na3K)[Al4Si8O24]·11H2O","(Na_3_K)[Al_4_Si_8_O_24_]·11H_2_O","(Na_3_K)Al_4_Si_8_O_24_·11H_2_O","Na K Al Si O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1386,"Chabazite","hexagonal, triclinic","R3, R3m, P1","Na K Al Si O H","Cbz-Na","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Chabazite-Sr","Chabazite-Sr","(Sr,Ca)2Al4Si8O24·11H2O","(Sr,Ca)2[Al4Si8O24]·11H2O","(Sr,Ca)_2_[Al_4_Si_8_O_24_]·11H_2_O","(Sr,Ca)_2_Al_4_Si_8_O_24_·11H_2_O","Sr Ca Al Si O H","IMA1999-040"," ",1387,"Chabazite","hexagonal","R3, R3m","Sr Ca Al Si O H","Cbz-Sr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Chabournéite","Chabourneite","Ag1+zTl1+8-x-zPb2+4+2xSb3+40-x-yAs3+yS2-68 (with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.40, 16.15 ≤ y ≤ 19.11, 0.04 ≤ z ≤ 0.11)","AgzTl8-x-zPb4+2xSb40-x-yAsyS68 (with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.40, 16.15 ≤ y ≤ 19.11, 0.04 ≤ z ≤ 0.11)","Ag_z_Tl_8-x-z_Pb_4+2x_Sb_40-x-y_As_y_S_68_ (with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.40, 16.15 ≤ y ≤ 19.11, 0.04 ≤ z ≤ 0.11)","Ag^1+^_z_Tl^1+^_8-x-z_Pb^2+^_4+2x_Sb^3+^_40-x-y_As^3+^_y_S^2-^_68_ (with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.40, 16.15 ≤ y ≤ 19.11, 0.04 ≤ z ≤ 0.11)","Ag Tl Pb Sb As S","IMA1976-042, IMA2021 s.p."," ",1388,"Chabournéite","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Tl^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Chb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Chadwickite","Chadwickite","U6+O2HAs3+O3","(UO2)(HAsO3)","(UO_2_)(HAsO_3_)","U^6+^O_2_HAs^3+^O_3_","U O H As","IMA1997-005"," ",1389," ","tetragonal",,"U^6+ O H As^3+","Cdw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chaidamuite","Chaidamuite","Zn2+Fe3+(S6+O4)2(OH)·4H2O","ZnFe3+(SO4)2(OH)·4H2O","ZnFe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","Zn Fe S O H","IMA1985-011"," ",1390," ","monoclinic, triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Cdm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chalcanthite","Chalcanthite","Cu2+S6+O4·5H2O","Cu(SO4)·5H2O","Cu(SO_4_)·5H_2_O","Cu^2+^S^6+^O_4_·5H_2_O","Cu S O H"," "," ",1391,"Chalcanthite","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Cct","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Chalcoalumite","Chalcoalumite","Cu2+Al4S6+O4(OH)12·3H2O","CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12·3H2O","CuAl_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_12_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^Al_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_12_·3H_2_O","Cu Al S O H"," "," ",1392,"Chalcoalumite","monoclinic","P21, P21/n","Cu^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Cca","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chalcocite","Chalcocite","Cu1+2S2-","Cu2S","Cu_2_S","Cu^1+^_2_S^2-^","Cu S"," "," ",1393," ","monoclinic, cubic","P21/c, Fm3m","Cu^1+ S^2-","Cc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Chalcocyanite","Chalcocyanite","Cu2+S6+O4","Cu(SO4)","Cu(SO_4_)","Cu^2+^S^6+^O_4_","Cu S O"," "," ",1394,"Zinkosite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^2+ S^6+ O","Ccy","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Chalcomenite","Chalcomenite","Cu2+Se4+O3·2H2O","Cu(Se4+O3)·2H2O","Cu(Se^4+^O_3_)·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^Se^4+^O_3_·2H_2_O","Cu Se O H"," "," ",1395,"Chalcomenite","orthorhombic","P212121","Cu^2+ Se^4+ O H","Ccm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chalconatronite","Chalconatronite","Na2Cu2+(CO3)2·3H2O","Na2Cu(CO3)2·3H2O","Na_2_Cu(CO_3_)_2_·3H_2_O","Na_2_Cu^2+^(CO_3_)_2_·3H_2_O","Na Cu C O H"," "," ",1396," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Cu^2+ C O H","Chna","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Chalcophanite","Chalcophanite","Zn2+Mn4+3O7·3H2O","ZnMn4+3O7·3H2O","ZnMn^4+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O","Zn^2+^Mn^4+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O","Zn Mn O H"," "," ",1397," ","hexagonal","R3","Zn^2+ Mn^4+ O H","Cph","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chalcophyllite","Chalcophyllite","Cu2+18Al2(As5+O4)4(S6+O4)3(OH)24·36H2O","Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24·36H2O","Cu_18_Al_2_(AsO_4_)_4_(SO_4_)_3_(OH)_24_·36H_2_O","Cu^2+^_18_Al_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_24_·36H_2_O","Cu Al As O S H"," "," ",1398,"Chalcophyllite","hexagonal","R3","Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O S^6+ H","Chp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chalcopyrite","Chalcopyrite","Cu1+Fe3+S2-2","CuFeS2","CuFeS_2_","Cu^1+^Fe^3+^S^2-^_2_","Cu Fe S"," "," ",1399,"Chalcopyrite","tetragonal, cubic","I42d, F43m","Cu^1+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Ccp","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Chalcosiderite","Chalcosiderite","Cu2+Fe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O","CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O","CuFe^3+^_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O","Cu Fe P O H"," "," ",1400,"Turquoise","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Csd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chalcostibite","Chalcostibite","Cu1+Sb3+S2-2","CuSbS2","CuSbS_2_","Cu^1+^Sb^3+^S^2-^_2_","Cu Sb S"," "," ",1401,"Chalcostibite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ccsb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Chalcothallite","Chalcothallite","(Tl1+,K)2(Cu1+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Ag1+)6.3Sb3-S2-4","(Cu,Fe,Ag)6.3(Tl,K)2SbS4","(Cu,Fe,Ag)_6.3_(Tl,K)_2_SbS_4_","(Tl^1+^,K)_2_(Cu^1+^,Cu^2+^,Fe^2+^,Ag^1+^)_6.3_Sb^3-^S^2-^_4_","Cu Fe Ag Tl K Sb S","IMA1966-008"," ",1402,"Bukovite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Tl^1+ K Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Fe^2+ Ag^1+ Sb^3- S^2-","Ccth","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Challacolloite","Challacolloite","KPb2+2Cl5","KPb2Cl5","KPb_2_Cl_5_","KPb^2+^_2_Cl_5_","K Pb Cl","IMA2004-028"," ",5284," ","monoclinic","P21/c","K Pb^2+ Cl","Chc","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Chambersite","Chambersite","Mn2+3B7O13Cl","Mn3B7O13Cl","Mn_3_B_7_O_13_Cl","Mn^2+^_3_B_7_O_13_Cl","Mn B O Cl","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1403,"Boracite","orthorhombic","Pca21","Mn^2+ B O Cl","Cbs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Chaméanite","Chameanite","(Cu,Fe)4As(Se,S)4","(Cu,Fe)4As(Se,S)4","(Cu,Fe)_4_As(Se,S)_4_","(Cu,Fe)_4_As(Se,S)_4_","Cu Fe As Se S","IMA1980-088"," ",1404," ","cubic",,"Cu Fe As Se S","Céa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Chamosite","Chamosite","(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8","(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8","(Fe^2+^,Mg,Al,Fe^3+^)_6_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH,O)_8_","(Fe^2+^,Mg,Al,Fe^3+^)_6_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH,O)_8_","Fe Mg Al Si O H"," "," ",1405,"Chlorite, Clay","monoclinic, triclinic","C1","Fe^2+ Mg Al Fe^3+ Si O H","Chm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Chanabayaite","Chanabayaite","Cu2+2Cl(N3C2H2)1-2(N3-H3,Cl,H2O,☐)4","Cu2Cl(N3C2H2)2(NH3,Cl,H2O,☐)4","Cu_2_Cl(N_3_C_2_H_2_)_2_(NH_3_,Cl,H_2_O,[box])_4_","Cu^2+^_2_Cl(N_3_C_2_H_2_)^1-^_2_(N^3-^H_3_,Cl,H_2_O,[box])_4_","Cu Cl N C H O","IMA2013-065"," ",6225,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Imma","Cu^2+ Cl N C H N^3- O","Cba","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Changbaiite","Changbaiite","Pb2+Nb5+2O6","PbNb2O6","PbNb_2_O_6_","Pb^2+^Nb^5+^_2_O_6_","Pb Nb O"," "," ",1406," ","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Nb^5+ O","Chg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Changchengite","Changchengite","Ir3+(BiS)3-","IrBiS","IrBiS","Ir^3+^(BiS)^3-^","Ir Bi S","IMA1995-047"," ",1407,"Ullmannite","cubic","P213","Ir^3+ Bi S","Ccg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Changesite-(Y)","Changesite-(Y)","(Ca8Y)☐Fe2+(PO4)7","(Ca8Y)☐Fe2+(PO4)7","(Ca_8_Y)[box]Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_7_","(Ca_8_Y)[box]Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_7_","Ca Y Fe P O","IMA2022-023a"," ",7262,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ca Y Fe^2+ P O","Cgs-Y",,"No" +"Changoite","Changoite","Na2Zn2+(S6+O4)2·4H2O","Na2Zn(SO4)2·4H2O","Na_2_Zn(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na_2_Zn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Zn S O H","IMA1997-041"," ",1408,"Blödite","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Cgo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chantalite","Chantalite","CaAl2SiO4(OH)4","CaAl2(SiO4)(OH)4","CaAl_2_(SiO_4_)(OH)_4_","CaAl_2_SiO_4_(OH)_4_","Ca Al Si O H","IMA1977-001"," ",1409," ","tetragonal","I41/a","Ca Al Si O H","Cht","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Chaoite","Chaoite","C","C","C","C","C","IMA1968-019"," ",1410," ","hexagonal","P6/mmm","C","Ch","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals","Yes" +"Chapmanite","Chapmanite","Fe3+2Sb3+(Si2O5)O3(OH)","Fe3+2Sb3+(Si2O5)O3(OH)","Fe^3+^_2_Sb^3+^(Si_2_O_5_)O_3_(OH)","Fe^3+^_2_Sb^3+^(Si_2_O_5_)O_3_(OH)","Fe Sb Si O H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",1411," ","monoclinic","Cm","Fe^3+ Sb^3+ Si O H","Cpm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Charleshatchettite","Charleshatchettite","CaNb5+4O10(OH)2·8H2O","CaNb4O10(OH)2·8H2O","CaNb_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","CaNb^5+^_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca Nb O H","IMA2015-048"," ",6460," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Nb^5+ O H","Chh","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Charlesite","Charlesite","Ca6Al2(S6+O4)2B(OH)4(OH,O)12·26H2O","Ca6Al2(SO4)2B(OH)4(OH,O)12·26H2O","Ca_6_Al_2_(SO_4_)_2_B(OH)_4_(OH,O)_12_·26H_2_O","Ca_6_Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_B(OH)_4_(OH,O)_12_·26H_2_O","Ca Al S O B H","IMA1981-043"," ",1412,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P31c","Ca Al S^6+ O B H","Chrl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Charmarite","Charmarite","Mn2+4Al2(OH)12CO3·3H2O","Mn4Al2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O","Mn_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Mn^2+^_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_CO_3_·3H_2_O","Mn Al O H C","IMA1992-026"," ",1413,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P6322, P3112, P3","Mn^2+ Al O H C","Char","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Charoite","Charoite","(K,Sr,Ba,Mn2+)15-16(Ca,Na)32Si70(O,OH)180(OH,F)4·nH2O","(K,Sr,Ba,Mn)15-16(Ca,Na)32[Si70(O,OH)180](OH,F)4·nH2O","(K,Sr,Ba,Mn)_15-16_(Ca,Na)_32_[Si_70_(O,OH)_180_](OH,F)_4_·nH_2_O","(K,Sr,Ba,Mn^2+^)_15-16_(Ca,Na)_32_Si_70_(O,OH)_180_(OH,F)_4_·nH_2_O","K Sr Ba Mn Ca Na Si O H F","IMA1977-019"," ",1415," ","monoclinic","P21/m","K Sr Ba Mn^2+ Ca Na Si O H F","Cha","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Chatkalite","Chatkalite","Cu1+6Fe2+Sn4+2S2-8","Cu6FeSn2S8","Cu_6_FeSn_2_S_8_","Cu^1+^_6_Fe^2+^Sn^4+^_2_S^2-^_8_","Cu Fe Sn S","IMA1981-004"," ",1416," ","tetragonal","P4m2","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Ctk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Chayesite","Chayesite","KMg4Fe3+[Si12O30]","KMg4Fe3+[Si12O30]","KMg_4_Fe^3+^[Si_12_O_30_]","KMg_4_Fe^3+^[Si_12_O_30_]","K Mg Fe Si O","IMA1987-059"," ",1417,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Mg Fe^3+ Si O","Cys","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Chegemite","Chegemite","Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2","Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2","Ca_7_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_","Ca_7_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_","Ca Si O H","IMA2008-038"," ",5698,"Humite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Ca Si O H","Cgm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Chekhovichite","Chekhovichite","Bi3+2Te4+4O11","Bi3+2Te4+4O11","Bi^3+^_2_Te^4+^_4_O_11_","Bi^3+^_2_Te^4+^_4_O_11_","Bi Te O","IMA1986-039"," ",1418," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Bi^3+ Te^4+ O","Ckh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chelkarite","Chelkarite","CaMgB2O4Cl2·7H2O","CaMgB2O4Cl2·7H2O (?)","CaMgB_2_O_4_Cl_2_·7H_2_O (?)","CaMgB_2_O_4_Cl_2_·7H_2_O","Ca Mg B O Cl H"," "," ",5079," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ca Mg B O Cl H","Cka","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Chenevixite","Chenevixite","Cu2+Fe3+(As5+O4)(OH)2","CuFe3+(AsO4)(OH)2","CuFe^3+^(AsO_4_)(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^Fe^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_2_","Cu Fe As O H"," "," ",1419,"Chenevixite","monoclinic","B21","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Cvx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chengdeite","Chengdeite","Ir3Fe","Ir3Fe","Ir_3_Fe","Ir_3_Fe","Ir Fe","IMA1994-023"," ",1420,"Auricupride, Perovskite","cubic","Pm3m","Ir Fe","Cgd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Chenguodaite","Chenguodaite","Ag9FeTe2S4","Ag9FeTe2S4","Ag_9_FeTe_2_S_4_","Ag_9_FeTe_2_S_4_","Ag Fe Te S","IMA2004-042a"," ",5606," ","orthorhombic",,"Ag Fe Te S","Cgu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Chenite","Chenite","Cu2+Pb2+4(S6+O4)2(OH)6","CuPb4(SO4)2(OH)6","CuPb_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^Pb^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Cu Pb S O H","IMA1983-069"," ",1421,"Chenite","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ S^6+ O H","Che","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chenmingite","Chenmingite","Fe2+Cr3+2O4","FeCr2O4","FeCr_2_O_4_","Fe^2+^Cr^3+^_2_O_4_","Fe Cr O","IMA2017-036"," ",6673,"Spinel-Post-spinel","orthorhombic","Pnma","Fe^2+ Cr^3+ O","Cnm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Chenowethite","Chenowethite","Mg(H2O)6[(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)2(OH)2]·5H2O","Mg(H2O)6[(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2]·5H2O","Mg(H_2_O)_6_[(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_]·5H_2_O","Mg(H_2_O)_6_[(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_]·5H_2_O","Mg H O U S","IMA2022-063"," ",7285," ","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Mg H O U^6+ S^6+","Chw",,"No" +"Chenzhangruite","Chenzhangruite","Mn2+Fe2+Te4+4O10","MnFe2+Te4+4O10","MnFe^2+^Te^4+^_4_O_10_","Mn^2+^Fe^2+^Te^4+^_4_O_10_","Mn Fe Te O","IMA2024-094"," ",7561,"Denningite","tetragonal","P42/nbc","Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Te^4+ O","Czr",,"No" +"Cheralite","Cheralite","CaTh4+(PO4)2","CaTh(PO4)2","CaTh(PO_4_)_2_","CaTh^4+^(PO_4_)_2_","Ca Th P O","IMA2005 s.p."," ",1422,"Monazite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca Th^4+ P O","Cher","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Cheremnykhite","Cheremnykhite","Pb2+3Zn2+3Te6+O6(V5+O4)2","Pb3Zn3(TeO6)(VO4)2","Pb_3_Zn_3_(TeO_6_)(VO_4_)_2_","Pb^2+^_3_Zn^2+^_3_Te^6+^O_6_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_","Pb Zn Te O V","IMA1989-017"," ",1423," ","orthorhombic",,"Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Te^6+ O V^5+","Cny","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cherepanovite","Cherepanovite","RhAs","RhAs","RhAs","RhAs","Rh As","IMA1984-041"," ",1424,"Modderite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Rh As","Cpv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Chernikovite","Chernikovite","(H3O)(U6+O2)(PO4)·3H2O","(H3O)(UO2)(PO4)·3H2O","(H_3_O)(UO_2_)(PO_4_)·3H_2_O","(H_3_O)(U^6+^O_2_)(PO_4_)·3H_2_O","H O U P","IMA1988 s.p."," ",1425,"Natroautunite","tetragonal","P4/nmm, P4/ncc","H O U^6+ P","Ckv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chernovite-(Y)","Chernovite-(Y)","YAs5+O4","Y(AsO4)","Y(AsO_4_)","YAs^5+^O_4_","Y As O","IMA1967-027, IMA1987 s.p."," ",1426,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Y As^5+ O","Chv-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Chernykhite","Chernykhite","BaV3+2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","BaV2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","BaV_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","BaV^3+^_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","Ba V Si Al O H","IMA1972-006"," ",1427,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic",,"Ba V^3+ Si Al O H","Cyk","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cherokeeite","Cherokeeite","[Pb2+2Zn2+(OH)4](S6+O4)·H2O","[Pb2Zn(OH)4](SO4)·H2O","[Pb_2_Zn(OH)_4_](SO_4_)·H_2_O","[Pb^2+^_2_Zn^2+^(OH)_4_](S^6+^O_4_)·H_2_O","Pb Zn O H S","IMA2022-016"," ",7244,"Cherokeeite","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ O H S^6+","Chrk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chervetite","Chervetite","Pb2+2V5+2O7","Pb2V5+2O7","Pb_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_","Pb^2+^_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_","Pb V O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1428," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Pb^2+ V^5+ O","Crv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chesnokovite","Chesnokovite","Na2SiO2(OH)2·8H2O","Na2SiO2(OH)2·8H2O","Na_2_SiO_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Na_2_SiO_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Na Si O H","IMA2006-007"," ",5358," ","orthorhombic","Ibca","Na Si O H","Ck","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Chessexite","Chessexite","Na4Ca2Mg3Al8(SiO4)2(S6+O4)10(OH)10·40H2O","Na4Ca2Mg3Al8(SiO4)2(SO4)10(OH)10·40H2O","Na_4_Ca_2_Mg_3_Al_8_(SiO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)_10_(OH)_10_·40H_2_O","Na_4_Ca_2_Mg_3_Al_8_(SiO_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_10_(OH)_10_·40H_2_O","Na Ca Mg Al Si O S H","IMA1981-054"," ",1429," ","orthorhombic",,"Na Ca Mg Al Si O S^6+ H","Cex","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chesterite","Chesterite","Mg17Si20O54(OH)6","Mg17Si20O54(OH)6","Mg_17_Si_20_O_54_(OH)_6_","Mg_17_Si_20_O_54_(OH)_6_","Mg Si O H","IMA1977-010"," ",1430," ","orthorhombic","A21ma","Mg Si O H","Chs","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Chestermanite","Chestermanite","Mg2(Fe3+,Mg,Al,Sb5+)O2BO3","Mg2(Fe3+,Mg,Al,Sb5+)O2(BO3)","Mg_2_(Fe^3+^,Mg,Al,Sb^5+^)O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg_2_(Fe^3+^,Mg,Al,Sb^5+^)O_2_BO_3_","Mg Fe Al Sb O B","IMA1986-058"," ",1431," ","orthorhombic","Pbam","Mg Fe^3+ Al Sb^5+ O B","Csm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Chevkinite-(Ce)","Chevkinite-(Ce)","Ce3+4(Ti4+,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2","Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2","Ce_4_(Ti,Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_5_O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_","Ce^3+^_4_(Ti^4+^,Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_5_O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_","Ce Ti Fe O Si","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1432,"Chevkinite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ce^3+ Ti^4+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O Si","Cvk-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Chiappinoite-(Y)","Chiappinoite-(Y)","Y2Mn2+(Si3O7)4","Y2Mn(Si3O7)4","Y_2_Mn(Si_3_O_7_)_4_","Y_2_Mn^2+^(Si_3_O_7_)_4_","Y Mn Si O","IMA2014-040"," ",6335,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Ibam","Y Mn^2+ Si O","Cap-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Chiavennite","Chiavennite","CaMn2+(BeOH)2Si5O13·2H2O","CaMn2+(BeOH)2Si5O13·2H2O","CaMn^2+^(BeOH)_2_Si_5_O_13_·2H_2_O","CaMn^2+^(BeOH)_2_Si_5_O_13_·2H_2_O","Ca Mn Be O H Si","IMA1981-038"," ",1433," ","orthorhombic","Pnab","Ca Mn^2+ Be O H Si","Cve","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Chibaite","Chibaite","SiO2·n(CH4,C2H6,C3H8,C4H10); (nmax = 3/17)","SiO2·n(CH4,C2H6,C3H8,C4H10) (nmax = 3/17)","SiO_2_·n(CH_4_,C_2_H_6_,C_3_H_8_,C_4_H_10_) (n_max_ = 3/17)","SiO_2_·n(CH_4_,C_2_H_6_,C_3_H_8_,C_4_H_10_); (n_max_ = 3/17)","Si O C H","IMA2008-067"," ",5728," ","cubic, triclinic, tetragonal","Fd3, P1, I41/a","Si O C H","Cib","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals","No" +"Chihmingite","Chihmingite","Ni2+Al2O4","NiAl2O4","NiAl_2_O_4_","Ni^2+^Al_2_O_4_","Ni Al O","IMA2022-010"," ",7234,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Ni^2+ Al O","Cim","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Chihuahuaite","Chihuahuaite","Fe2+Al12O19","FeAl12O19","FeAl_12_O_19_","Fe^2+^Al_12_O_19_","Fe Al O","IMA2009-027, IMA2020 s.p."," ",5754,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Fe^2+ Al O","Cih","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Childrenite","Childrenite","Fe2+AlPO4(OH)2·H2O","Fe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2O","Fe^2+^Al(PO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Fe^2+^AlPO_4_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Fe Al P O H"," "," ",1434,"Childrenite","orthorhombic","Bba2, Bbam, Cmca","Fe^2+ Al P O H","Chd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Chiluite","Chiluite","Bi3+3Te6+Mo6+O10.5","Bi3Te6+Mo6+O10.5","Bi_3_Te^6+^Mo^6+^O_10.5_","Bi^3+^_3_Te^6+^Mo^6+^O_10.5_","Bi Te Mo O","IMA1988-001"," ",1435," ","hexagonal",,"Bi^3+ Te^6+ Mo^6+ O","Cil","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Chinchorroite","Chinchorroite","Na2Mg5(As5+2O7)2(As5+O3OH)2(H2O)10","Na2Mg5(As2O7)2(AsO3OH)2(H2O)10","Na_2_Mg_5_(As_2_O_7_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_10_","Na_2_Mg_5_(As^5+^_2_O_7_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_10_","Na Mg As O H","IMA2017-106"," ",6732,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Na Mg As^5+ O H","Cch","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chinleite-(Ce)","Chinleite-(Ce)","NaCe3+(S6+O4)2(H2O)","NaCe(SO4)2(H2O)","NaCe(SO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)","NaCe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(H_2_O)","Na Ce S O H","IMA2024-009"," ",7474,"Rhabdophane","hexagonal","P3221","Na Ce^3+ S^6+ O H","Chi-Ce",,"No" +"Chinleite-(Nd)","Chinleite-(Nd)","NaNd(S6+O4)2·H2O","NaNd(SO4)2·H2O","NaNd(SO_4_)_2_·H_2_O","NaNd(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Na Nd S O H","IMA2022-051"," ",7271,"Rhabdophane","hexagonal","P3221","Na Nd S^6+ O H","Chi-Nd",,"No" +"Chinleite-(Y)","Chinleite-(Y)","NaY(S6+O4)2·H2O","NaY(SO4)2·H2O","NaY(SO_4_)_2_·H_2_O","NaY(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Na Y S O H","IMA2016-017"," ",6545,"Rhabdophane","hexagonal","P3221","Na Y S^6+ O H","Chi-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chinnerite","Chinnerite","[Mg(H2O)6]Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2F6","[Mg(H2O)6]Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2F6","[Mg(H_2_O)_6_]Na(H_2_O)_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_F_6_","[Mg(H_2_O)_6_]Na(H_2_O)_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_F_6_","Mg H O Na Al P F","IMA2023-083"," ",7423,"Aldermanite","monoclinic","P2/m","Mg H O Na Al P F","Chin",,"No" +"Chiolite","Chiolite","Na5Al3F14","Na5Al3F14","Na_5_Al_3_F_14_","Na_5_Al_3_F_14_","Na Al F"," "," ",1436," ","tetragonal","P4/mnc","Na Al F","Cio","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Chirvinskyite","Chirvinskyite","(Na,Ca)13(Fe2+,Mn2+,☐)2Ti4+2(Zr4+,Ti4+)3(Si2O7)4(OH,O,F)12","(Na,Ca)13(Fe,Mn,☐)2Ti2(Zr,Ti)3(Si2O7)4(OH,O,F)12","(Na,Ca)_13_(Fe,Mn,[box])_2_Ti_2_(Zr,Ti)_3_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(OH,O,F)_12_","(Na,Ca)_13_(Fe^2+^,Mn^2+^,[box])_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Zr^4+^,Ti^4+^)_3_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(OH,O,F)_12_","Na Ca Fe Mn Ti Zr Si O H F","IMA2016-051"," ",6579,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Fe^2+ Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Zr^4+ Si O H F","Cvs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Chistyakovaite","Chistyakovaite","Al(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2F·6.5H2O","Al(UO2)2(AsO4)2F·6.5H2O","Al(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_F·6.5H_2_O","Al(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_F·6.5H_2_O","Al U O As F H","IMA2005-003"," ",5213," ","monoclinic",,"Al U^6+ O As^5+ F H","Cak","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chivruaiite","Chivruaiite","Ca4(Ti4+,Nb5+)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5·13-14H2O","Ca4(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5·13-14H2O","Ca_4_(Ti,Nb)_5_(Si_6_O_17_)_2_(OH,O)_5_·13-14H_2_O","Ca_4_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_5_(Si_6_O_17_)_2_(OH,O)_5_·13-14H_2_O","Ca Ti Nb Si O H","IMA2004-052"," ",5301," ","orthorhombic","Cmmm","Ca Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Cvr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Chiyokoite","Chiyokoite","Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O(OH)5·12H2O","Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O(OH)5·12H2O","Ca_3_Si(CO_3_)[B(OH)_4_]O(OH)_5_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_Si(CO_3_)[B(OH)_4_]O(OH)_5_·12H_2_O","Ca Si C O B H","IMA2019-054"," ",6958,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P63","Ca Si C O B H","Cyo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Chkalovite","Chkalovite","Na2BeSi2O6","Na2BeSi2O6","Na_2_BeSi_2_O_6_","Na_2_BeSi_2_O_6_","Na Be Si O"," "," ",1437,"Cristobalite","orthorhombic","Fdd2, Fddd","Na Be Si O","Ckl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Chladniite","Chladniite","Na3CaMg11(PO4)9","Na3CaMg11(PO4)9","Na_3_CaMg_11_(PO_4_)_9_","Na_3_CaMg_11_(PO_4_)_9_","Na Ca Mg P O","IMA1993-010"," ",1438,"Fillowite","hexagonal","R3","Na Ca Mg P O","Clad","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Chloraluminite","Chloraluminite","AlCl3·6H2O","AlCl3·6H2O","AlCl_3_·6H_2_O","AlCl_3_·6H_2_O","Al Cl H O"," "," ",1439," ","hexagonal","R3c","Al Cl H O","Cla","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Chlorapatite","Chlorapatite","Ca5(PO4)3Cl","Ca5(PO4)3Cl","Ca_5_(PO_4_)_3_Cl","Ca_5_(PO_4_)_3_Cl","Ca P O Cl","IMA2010 s.p."," ",1440,"Apatite","monoclinic, hexagonal","P21/b, P63/m","Ca P O Cl","Clap","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Chlorargyrite","Chlorargyrite","Ag1+Cl","AgCl","AgCl","Ag^1+^Cl","Ag Cl","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1441,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Ag^1+ Cl","Cag","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chlorartinite","Chlorartinite","Mg2CO3Cl(OH)·2.5H2O","Mg2(CO3)Cl(OH)·2.5H2O","Mg_2_(CO_3_)Cl(OH)·2.5H_2_O","Mg_2_CO_3_Cl(OH)·2.5H_2_O","Mg C O Cl H","IMA1996-005"," ",1442,"Artinite","hexagonal","R3c","Mg C O Cl H","Cart","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Chlorbartonite","Chlorbartonite","K6Fe24S26Cl","K6Fe24S26Cl","K_6_Fe_24_S_26_Cl","K_6_Fe_24_S_26_Cl","K Fe S Cl","IMA2000-048"," ",1443,"Djerfisherite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","K Fe S Cl","Cbtn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Chlorellestadite","Chlorellestadite","Ca5(SiO4)1.5(S6+O4)1.5Cl","Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5Cl","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_1.5_(SO_4_)_1.5_Cl","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_1.5_(S^6+^O_4_)_1.5_Cl","Ca Si O S Cl","IMA2017-013"," ",6654,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Si O S^6+ Cl","Clel","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Chloritoid","Chloritoid","Fe2+Al2OSiO4(OH)2","Fe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2","Fe^2+^Al_2_O(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_","Fe^2+^Al_2_OSiO_4_(OH)_2_","Fe Al O Si H"," "," ",1445,"Chloritoid","monoclinic, triclinic","C2/c, P1, C1","Fe^2+ Al O Si H","Cld","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Chlorkyuygenite","Chlorkyuygenite","Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2]","Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2]","Ca_12_Al_14_O_32_[(H_2_O)_4_Cl_2_]","Ca_12_Al_14_O_32_[(H_2_O)_4_Cl_2_]","Ca Al O H Cl","IMA2012-046"," ",6103,"Mayenite","cubic","I43d","Ca Al O H Cl","Cky","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Chlormagaluminite","Chlormagaluminite","Mg4Al2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)_2","Mg4Al2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)2","Mg_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_Cl_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Mg_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_Cl_2_(H_2_O)_2","Mg Al O H Cl","IMA1980-098"," ",1446,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal",,"Mg Al O H Cl","Cma","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chlormanganokalite","Chlormanganokalite","K4Mn2+Cl6","K4MnCl6","K_4_MnCl_6_","K_4_Mn^2+^Cl_6_","K Mn Cl"," "," ",1447,"Rinneite","hexagonal","R3c","K Mn^2+ Cl","Cmk","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Chlormayenite","Chlormayenite","Ca12Al14O32[☐4Cl2]","Ca12Al14O32[☐4Cl2]","Ca_12_Al_14_O_32_[[box]_4_Cl_2_]","Ca_12_Al_14_O_32_[[box]_4_Cl_2_]","Ca Al O Cl","IMA1963-016"," ",3057,"Mayenite","cubic","I43d","Ca Al O Cl","Cmy","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Chlorocalcite","Chlorocalcite","KCaCl3","KCaCl3","KCaCl_3_","KCaCl_3_","K Ca Cl"," "," ",1448," ",,,"K Ca Cl","Ccal","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Chloromagnesite","Chloromagnesite","MgCl2","MgCl2","MgCl_2_","MgCl_2_","Mg Cl"," "," ",5431,"Scacchite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Cl","Cmgs","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Chloromenite","Chloromenite","Cu2+9O2(Se4+O3)4Cl6","Cu9O2(Se4+O3)4Cl6","Cu_9_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_4_Cl_6_","Cu^2+^_9_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_4_Cl_6_","Cu O Se Cl","IMA1996-048"," ",1449," ","monoclinic","I2/m","Cu^2+ O Se^4+ Cl","Cmn","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Chlorophoenicite","Chlorophoenicite","(Mn2+,Mg,Zn2+)3Zn2+2As5+O4(OH,O)6","(Mn,Mg,Zn)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6","(Mn,Mg,Zn)_3_Zn_2_(AsO_4_)(OH,O)_6_","(Mn^2+^,Mg,Zn^2+^)_3_Zn^2+^_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH,O)_6_","Mn Mg Zn As O H"," "," ",1450,"Chlorophoenicite","monoclinic","C2/m","Mn^2+ Mg Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Cpo","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Chlorothionite","Chlorothionite","K2Cu2+S6+O4Cl2","K2Cu(SO4)Cl2","K_2_Cu(SO_4_)Cl_2_","K_2_Cu^2+^S^6+^O_4_Cl_2_","K Cu S O Cl"," "," ",1451,"Chlorothionite","orthorhombic","Pnma","K Cu^2+ S^6+ O Cl","Ctn","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Chloroxiphite","Chloroxiphite","Pb2+3Cu2+O2Cl2(OH)2","Pb3CuO2Cl2(OH)2","Pb_3_CuO_2_Cl_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_3_Cu^2+^O_2_Cl_2_(OH)_2_","Pb Cu O Cl H"," "," ",1452," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ O Cl H","Cxp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Choloalite","Choloalite","(Pb2+,Ca)3(Cu2+,Sb5+)3Te4+6O18Cl","(Pb,Ca)3(Cu,Sb)3Te6O18Cl","(Pb,Ca)_3_(Cu,Sb)_3_Te_6_O_18_Cl","(Pb^2+^,Ca)_3_(Cu^2+^,Sb^5+^)_3_Te^4+^_6_O_18_Cl","Pb Ca Cu Sb Te O Cl","IMA1980-019"," ",1453," ","cubic","P4132","Pb^2+ Ca Cu^2+ Sb^5+ Te^4+ O Cl","Cho","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chondrodite","Chondrodite","Mg5(SiO4)2F2","Mg5(SiO4)2F2","Mg_5_(SiO_4_)_2_F_2_","Mg_5_(SiO_4_)_2_F_2_","Mg Si O F"," "," ",1454,"Humite","monoclinic","P21/b","Mg Si O F","Chn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Chongite","Chongite","Ca3Mg2(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·4H2O","Ca3Mg2(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·4H2O","Ca_3_Mg_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_3_Mg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Mg As O H","IMA2015-039"," ",6440,"Hureaulite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mg As^5+ O H","Cng","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Chopinite","Chopinite","Mg3☐(PO4)2","Mg3(PO4)2","Mg_3_(PO_4_)_2_","Mg_3_[box](PO_4_)_2_","Mg P O","IMA2006-004"," ",5524,"Olivine-Sarcopside","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/b","Mg P O","Cpn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Chovanite","Chovanite","Pb2+15-2xSb3+14+2xS2-36Ox; (x~0.2)","Pb15-2xSb14+2xS36Ox (x~0.2)","Pb_15-2x_Sb_14+2x_S_36_O_x_ (x~0.2)","Pb^2+^_15-2x_Sb^3+^_14+2x_S^2-^_36_O_x_; (x~0.2)","Pb Sb S O","IMA2009-055"," ",5784," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2- O","Cov","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Chrisstanleyite","Chrisstanleyite","Ag2Pd3Se4","Ag2Pd3Se4","Ag_2_Pd_3_Se_4_","Ag_2_Pd_3_Se_4_","Ag Pd Se","IMA1996-044"," ",1455,"Chrisstanleyite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag Pd Se","Csl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Christelite","Christelite","Zn2+3Cu2+2(S6+4)2(OH)6·4H2O","Zn3Cu2(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O","Zn_3_Cu_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^_3_Cu^2+^_2_(S^6+^_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Zn Cu S O H","IMA1995-030"," ",1456,"Ktenasite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Cis","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Christite","Christite","Tl1+Hg2+As3+S2-3","TlHgAsS3","TlHgAsS_3_","Tl^1+^Hg^2+^As^3+^S^2-^_3_","Tl Hg As S","IMA1976-015"," ",1457," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Tl^1+ Hg^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Cri","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Christofschäferite-(Ce)","Christofschaferite-(Ce)","(Ce3+,La3+,Ca)4Mn2+(Ti4+,Fe3+)3(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti4+)(Si2O7)2O8","(Ce,La,Ca)4Mn(Ti,Fe)3(Fe,Ti)(Si2O7)2O8","(Ce,La,Ca)_4_Mn(Ti,Fe)_3_(Fe,Ti)(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_8_","(Ce^3+^,La^3+^,Ca)_4_Mn^2+^(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_3_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Ti^4+^)(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_8_","Ce La Ca Mn Ti Fe Si O","IMA2011-107"," ",6051,"Chevkinite","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/m","Ce^3+ La^3+ Ca Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Si O","Csf-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chromatite","Chromatite","CaCr6+O4","CaCr6+O4","CaCr^6+^O_4_","CaCr^6+^O_4_","Ca Cr O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1458,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Ca Cr^6+ O","Crm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Chrombismite","Chrombismite","Bi3+16Cr6+O27","Bi16CrO27","Bi_16_CrO_27_","Bi^3+^_16_Cr^6+^O_27_","Bi Cr O","IMA1995-044"," ",1459," ","tetragonal","I4/m","Bi^3+ Cr^6+ O","Cbis","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Chromceladonite","Chromceladonite","KMgCr3+Si4O10(OH)2","KMgCr(Si4O10)(OH)2","KMgCr(Si_4_O_10_)(OH)_2_","KMgCr^3+^Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","K Mg Cr Si O H","IMA1999-024"," ",1460," ","monoclinic","C2","K Mg Cr^3+ Si O H","Ccel","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Chromferide","Chromferide","Fe1.5Cr0.2","Fe1.5Cr0.2","Fe_1.5_Cr_0.2_","Fe_1.5_Cr_0.2_","Fe Cr","IMA1984-021"," ",1462,"Iron","cubic","Pm3m","Fe Cr","Cfe","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Chromio-pargasite","Chromio-pargasite","NaCa2(Mg4Cr3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","NaCa2(Mg4Cr)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Cr)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Cr^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Cr Si Al O H","IMA2011-023, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5951,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Cr^3+ Si Al O H","Cprg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals","No" +"Chromite","Chromite","Fe2+Cr3+2O4","Fe2+Cr2O4","Fe^2+^Cr_2_O_4_","Fe^2+^Cr^3+^_2_O_4_","Fe Cr O"," "," ",1463,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Fe^2+ Cr^3+ O","Chr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Chromium","Chromium","Cr","Cr","Cr","Cr","Cr","IMA1980-094"," ",1464,"Iron","cubic, hexagonal","Fm3m, P63/mmc, Im3m, Pm3","Cr","Cr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","Yes" +"Chromium-dravite","Chromium-dravite","NaMg3Cr3+6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH","NaMg3Cr6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","NaMg_3_Cr_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","NaMg_3_Cr^3+^_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_OH","Na Mg Cr Si O B H","IMA1982-055"," ",1461,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Mg Cr^3+ Si O B H","Cdrv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Chromo-alumino-povondraite","Chromo-alumino-povondraite","NaCr3+3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaCr3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaCr_3_(Al_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","NaCr^3+^_3_(Al_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na Cr Al Mg Si O B H","IMA2013-089"," ",5817,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Cr^3+ Al Mg Si O B H","Capov","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Chromphyllite","Chromphyllite","KCr3+2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","KCr2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2","KCr_2_(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_2_","KCr^3+^_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","K Cr Al Si O H","IMA1995-052"," ",1465,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/c","K Cr^3+ Si Al O H","Crp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Chromschieffelinite","Chromschieffelinite","Pb2+10Te6+6O20(OH)14(Cr6+O4)·5H2O","Pb10Te6+6O20(OH)14(CrO4)(H2O)5","Pb_10_Te^6+^_6_O_20_(OH)_14_(CrO_4_)(H_2_O)_5_","Pb^2+^_10_Te^6+^_6_O_20_(OH)_14_(Cr^6+^O_4_)·5H_2_O","Pb Te O H Cr","IMA2011-003"," ",5934,"Schieffelinite","orthorhombic","C2221","Pb^2+ Te^6+ O H Cr^6+","Csfl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chromviskontite","Chromviskontite","Pb2+5Cu2+2(Cr6+O4)3(Se4+O3)(OH)6","Pb5Cu2(CrO4)3(SeO3)(OH)6","Pb_5_Cu_2_(CrO_4_)_3_(SeO_3_)(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^_5_Cu^2+^_2_(Cr^6+^O_4_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)(OH)_6_","Pb Cu Cr O Se H","IMA2024-019"," ",7495,"Caledonite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Cr^6+ O Se^4+ H","Cvkt",,"No" +"Chrysoberyl","Chrysoberyl","BeAl2O4","BeAl2O4","BeAl_2_O_4_","BeAl_2_O_4_","Be Al O"," "," ",1466,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma, Pmnb","Be Al O","Cbrl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Chrysocolla","Chrysocolla","(Cu2+2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O","(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O","(Cu_2-x_Al_x_)H_2-x_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_·nH_2_O","(Cu^2+^_2-x_Al_x_)H_2-x_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_·nH_2_O","Cu Al H Si O","IMA1980 s.p."," ",1467,"Allophane",,,"Cu^2+ Al H Si O","Ccl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Chrysothallite","Chrysothallite","K6Cu2+6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4·H2O","K6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4·H2O","K_6_Cu_6_Tl^3+^Cl_17_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","K_6_Cu^2+^_6_Tl^3+^Cl_17_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","K Cu Tl Cl O H","IMA2013-008"," ",6171,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I4/mmm","K Cu^2+ Tl^3+ Cl O H","Cry","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Chrysotile","Chrysotile","Mg3Si2O5(OH)4","Mg3Si2O5(OH)4","Mg_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Mg_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Mg Si O H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",1468,"Serpentine, Clay","monoclinic","B2/m, Cc","Mg Si O H","Ctl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Chubarovite","Chubarovite","KZn2+2(BO3)Cl2","KZn2(BO3)Cl2","KZn_2_(BO_3_)Cl_2_","KZn^2+^_2_(BO_3_)Cl_2_","K Zn B O Cl","IMA2014-018"," ",6332,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R32","K Zn^2+ B O Cl","Cub","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Chudobaite","Chudobaite","Mg5(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·10H2O","Mg5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·10H2O","Mg_5_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·10H_2_O","Mg_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·10H_2_O","Mg As O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1469,"Lindackerite","triclinic","P1","Mg As^5+ O H","Cdb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chukanovite","Chukanovite","Fe2+2CO3(OH)2","Fe2(CO3)(OH)2","Fe_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Fe^2+^_2_CO_3_(OH)_2_","Fe C O H","IMA2005-039"," ",5321,"Malachite","monoclinic","P21/a","Fe^2+ C O H","Ckn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chukhrovite-(Ca)","Chukhrovite-(Ca)","Ca3Ca1.5Al2(S6+O4)F13·12H2O","Ca3Ca1.5Al2(SO4)F13·12H2O","Ca_3_Ca_1.5_Al_2_(SO_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_Ca_1.5_Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O","Ca Al S O F H","IMA2010-081"," ",5919,"Chukhrovite","cubic","Fd3","Ca Al S^6+ O F H","Chk-Ca","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Chukhrovite-(Ce)","Chukhrovite-(Ce)","Ca3Ce3+Al2(S6+O4)F13·12H2O","Ca3CeAl2(SO4)F13·12H2O","Ca_3_CeAl_2_(SO_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_Ce^3+^Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O","Ca Ce Al S O F H","IMA1987 s.p., IMA2024 s.p."," ",1470,"Chukhrovite","cubic","Fd3","Ca Ce^3+ Al S^6+ O F H","Chk-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chukhrovite-(Nd)","Chukhrovite-(Nd)","Ca3NdAl2S6+O4F13·12H2O","Ca3NdAl2(SO4)F13·12H2O","Ca_3_NdAl_2_(SO_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_NdAl_2_S^6+^O_4_F_13_·12H_2_O","Ca Nd Al S O F H","IMA2004-023"," ",5184,"Chukhrovite","cubic","Fd3","Ca Nd Al S^6+ O F H","Chk-Nd","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chukhrovite-(Y)","Chukhrovite-(Y)","Ca3YAl2(S6+O4)F13·10H2O","Ca3YAl2(SO4)F13·12H2O","Ca_3_YAl_2_(SO_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_YAl_2_(S^6+^O_4_)F_13_·10H_2_O","Ca Y Al S O F H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1471,"Chukhrovite","cubic","Fd3","Ca Y Al S^6+ O F H","Chk-Y","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chukochenite","Chukochenite","(Li0.5Al0.5)Al2O4","(Li0.5Al0.5)Al2O4","(Li_0.5_Al_0.5_)Al_2_O_4_","(Li_0.5_Al_0.5_)Al_2_O_4_","Li Al O","IMA2018-132a"," ",6994,"Spinel","orthorhombic","Imma","Li Al O","Ckc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Chukotkaite","Chukotkaite","Ag1+Pb2+7Sb3+5S2-15","AgPb7Sb5S15","AgPb_7_Sb_5_S_15_","Ag^1+^Pb^2+^_7_Sb^3+^_5_S^2-^_15_","Ag Pb Sb S","IMA2019-124"," ",7007,"Not in a structural group",,,"Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ckk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Churchite-(Y)","Churchite-(Y)","YPO4·2H2O","Y(PO4)·2H2O","Y(PO_4_)·2H_2_O","YPO_4_·2H_2_O","Y P O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1473,"Gypsum","monoclinic","I2/a","Y P O H","Cuh-Y","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Chursinite","Chursinite","Hg1+Hg2+(As5+O4)","Hg1+Hg2+(AsO4)","Hg^1+^Hg^2+^(AsO_4_)","Hg^1+^Hg^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)","Hg As O","IMA1982-047a"," ",1474," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Hg^1+ Hg^2+ As^5+ O","Csi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chvaleticeite","Chvaleticeite","Mn2+S6+O4·6H2O","Mn(SO4)·6H2O","Mn(SO_4_)·6H_2_O","Mn^2+^S^6+^O_4_·6H_2_O","Mn S O H","IMA1984-059"," ",1475,"Hexahydrite","monoclinic","C2/c","Mn^2+ S^6+ O H","Cva","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Chvilevaite","Chvilevaite","Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)2S2","Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)2S2","Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)_2_S_2_","Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)_2_S_2_","Na Cu Fe Zn S","IMA1987-017"," ",1476," ","hexagonal","P3m1","Na Cu Fe Zn S","Cvi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cianciulliite","Cianciulliite","Mg2Mn2+Zn2+2(OH)10·2-4H2O","Mg2Mn2+Zn2(OH)10·2-4H2O","Mg_2_Mn^2+^Zn_2_(OH)_10_·2-4H_2_O","Mg_2_Mn^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(OH)_10_·2-4H_2_O","Mg Mn Zn O H","IMA1990-042"," ",1477," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Mg Mn^2+ Zn^2+ O H","Cia","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cinnabar","Cinnabar","HgS","HgS","HgS","HgS","Hg S"," "," ",1478," ","hexagonal","P3221, P3121","Hg S","Cin","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Ciprianiite","Ciprianiite","Ca4(Th4+Ca)Al(Be0.5☐1.5)[B4Si4O22](OH)2","Ca4(ThCa)Al(Be0.5☐1.5)Σ2[B4Si4O22](OH)2","Ca_4_(ThCa)Al(Be_0.5_[box]_1.5_)_Σ2_[B_4_Si_4_O_22_](OH)_2_","Ca_4_(Th^4+^Ca)Al(Be_0.5_[box]_1.5_)[B_4_Si_4_O_22_](OH)_2_","Ca Th Al Be B Si O H","IMA2001-021"," ",1479,"Hellandite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Th^4+ Al Be B Si O H","Cip","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ciriottiite","Ciriottiite","Cu1+4Pb2+19(Sb3+,As3+,Bi3+)22(As2)4+S2-56","Cu4Pb19(Sb,As,Bi)22(As2)S56","Cu_4_Pb_19_(Sb,As,Bi)_22_(As_2_)S_56_","Cu^1+^_4_Pb^2+^_19_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^,Bi^3+^)_22_(As_2_)^4+^S^2-^_56_","Cu Pb Sb As Bi S","IMA2015-027"," ",6428,"Madocite","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ Bi^3+ As S^2-","Cit","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cirrolite","Cirrolite","Ca3Al2(PO4)3(OH)3","Ca3Al2(PO4)3(OH)3","Ca_3_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Ca_3_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Ca Al P O H"," "," ",5434," ",,,"Ca Al P O H","Ci","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Clairite","Clairite","(N3-H4)2Fe3+3(S6+O4)4(OH)3·3H2O","(NH4)2Fe3+3(SO4)4(OH)3·3H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Fe^3+^_3_(SO_4_)_4_(OH)_3_·3H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Fe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_3_·3H_2_O","N H Fe S O","IMA1982-093"," ",1480," ","triclinic",,"N^3- H Fe^3+ S^6+ O","Clai","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Claraite","Claraite","(Cu2+,Zn2+)15(CO3)4(As5+O4)2(S6+O4)(OH)14·7H2O","(Cu,Zn)15(CO3)4(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)14·7H2O","(Cu,Zn)_15_(CO_3_)_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_14_·7H_2_O","(Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^)_15_(CO_3_)_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_14_·7H_2_O","Cu Zn C O As S H","IMA1981-023, IMA2016 s.p."," ",1481," ","triclinic, hexagonal","P1","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ C O As^5+ S^6+ H","Clar","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Claringbullite","Claringbullite","Cu2+4FCl(OH)6","Cu2+4FCl(OH)6","Cu^2+^_4_FCl(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_4_FCl(OH)_6_","Cu F Cl O H","IMA1976-029"," ",1482,"Claringbullite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Cu^2+ F Cl O H","Cgb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Clarkeite","Clarkeite","Na(U6+O2)O(OH)·nH2O","Na(UO2)O(OH)·nH2O","Na(UO_2_)O(OH)·nH_2_O","Na(U^6+^O_2_)O(OH)·nH_2_O","Na U O H"," "," ",1483," ","hexagonal","R3m","Na U^6+ O H","Cke","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Claudetite","Claudetite","As3+2O3","As2O3","As_2_O_3_","As^3+^_2_O_3_","As O"," "," ",1484,"Arsenolamprite-Claudetite","monoclinic","P21/n","As^3+ O","Cdt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Clausthalite","Clausthalite","Pb2+Se2-","PbSe","PbSe","Pb^2+^Se^2-^","Pb Se"," "," ",1485,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Pb^2+ Se^2-","Cth","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Clearcreekite","Clearcreekite","Hg1+3(CO3)(OH)·2H2O","Hg1+3(CO3)(OH)·2H2O","Hg^1+^_3_(CO_3_)(OH)·2H_2_O","Hg^1+^_3_(CO_3_)(OH)·2H_2_O","Hg C O H","IMA1999-003"," ",1486," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Hg^1+ C O H","Cck","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Clerite","Clerite","Mn2+Sb3+2S2-4","MnSb2S4","MnSb_2_S_4_","Mn^2+^Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Mn Sb S","IMA1995-029"," ",1487,"Berthierite","orthorhombic","Pnam","Mn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Cle","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cleusonite","Cleusonite","Pb2+(U4+,U6+)Fe2+2(Ti4+,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38","Pb(U4+,U6+)Fe2+2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38","Pb(U^4+^,U^6+^)Fe^2+^_2_(Ti,Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_18_(O,OH)_38_","Pb^2+^(U^4+^,U^6+^)Fe^2+^_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_18_(O,OH)_38_","Pb U Fe Ti O H","IMA1998-070"," ",5322,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Pb^2+ U^4+ U^6+ Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O H","Ceu","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Cliffordite","Cliffordite","U6+Te4+3O9","UTe4+3O9","UTe^4+^_3_O_9_","U^6+^Te^4+^_3_O_9_","U Te O","IMA1966-046"," ",1488," ",,,"U^6+ Te^4+ O","Cff","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Clinoatacamite","Clinoatacamite","Cu2+2Cl(OH)3","Cu2Cl(OH)3","Cu_2_Cl(OH)_3_","Cu^2+^_2_Cl(OH)_3_","Cu Cl O H","IMA1993-060"," ",1489,"Atacamite","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^2+ Cl O H","Cata","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Clinobehoite","Clinobehoite","Be(OH)2","Be(OH)2","Be(OH)_2_","Be(OH)_2_","Be O H","IMA1988-024"," ",1491," ","monoclinic","P21","Be O H","Cbht","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Clinobisvanite","Clinobisvanite","Bi3+V5+O4","Bi(VO4)","Bi(VO_4_)","Bi^3+^V^5+^O_4_","Bi V O","IMA1973-040"," ",1492," ","tetragonal, monoclinic","I41/a, I2/b","Bi^3+ V^5+ O","Cbi","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Clinocervantite","Clinocervantite","Sb3+Sb5+O4","Sb3+Sb5+O4","Sb^3+^Sb^5+^O_4_","Sb^3+^Sb^5+^O_4_","Sb O","IMA1997-017"," ",1493,"Clinocervantite","monoclinic","C2/c","Sb^3+ Sb^5+ O","Ccvn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Clinochalcomenite","Clinochalcomenite","Cu2+Se4+O3(H2O)2","CuSe4+O3(H2O)2","CuSe^4+^O_3_(H_2_O)_2_","Cu^2+^Se^4+^O_3_(H_2_O)_2_","Cu Se O H","IMA2025-037"," ",1494,"Cobaltomenite","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^2+ Se^4+ O H","Cccm",,"No" +"Clinochlore","Clinochlore","Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8","Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8","Mg_5_Al(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_8_","Mg_5_Al(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_8_","Mg Al Si O H"," "," ",1495,"Chlorite, Clay","monoclinic, triclinic","C2/c, C2/m, C1","Mg Al Si O H","Clc","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Clinoclase","Clinoclase","Cu2+3As5+O4(OH)3","Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3","Cu_3_(AsO_4_)(OH)_3_","Cu^2+^_3_As^5+^O_4_(OH)_3_","Cu As O H"," "," ",1497," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Cno","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Clinoenstatite","Clinoenstatite","MgSiO3","Mg2Si2O6","Mg_2_Si_2_O_6_","MgSiO_3_","Mg Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",1498,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg Si O","Cen","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Clinofergusonite-(Ce)","Clinofergusonite-(Ce)","Ce3+Nb5+O4","CeNbO4","CeNbO_4_","Ce^3+^Nb^5+^O_4_","Ce Nb O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1840," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ce^3+ Nb^5+ O","Fgs-Ce-β","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Clinofergusonite-(Nd)","Clinofergusonite-(Nd)","NdNb5+O4","NdNbO4","NdNbO_4_","NdNb^5+^O_4_","Nd Nb O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",5095," ","monoclinic",,"Nd Nb^5+ O","Fgs-Nd-β","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Clinofergusonite-(Y)","Clinofergusonite-(Y)","YNb5+O4","YNbO4","YNbO_4_","YNb^5+^O_4_","Y Nb O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1842," ","monoclinic","C2/c, I2/a","Y Nb^5+ O","Fgs-Y-β","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Clino-ferri-holmquistite","Clino-ferri-holmquistite","☐Li2(Mg3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2","☐Li2(Mg3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Li_2_(Mg_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Li_2_(Mg_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Li Mg Fe Si O H","IMA2001-067, IMA2014 s.p."," ",6358,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Li Mg Fe^3+ Si O H","Cfhlm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Clino-ferro-ferri-holmquistite","Clino-ferro-ferri-holmquistite","☐Li2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2","☐Li2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Li_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Li_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Li Fe Si O H","IMA2001-066, IMA2012 s.p."," ",1847,"Amphibole",,,"Li Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Cffhlm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Clinoferrosilite","Clinoferrosilite","Fe2+SiO3","Fe2+2Si2O6","Fe^2+^_2_Si_2_O_6_","Fe^2+^SiO_3_","Fe Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",1499,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","P21/c, C2/c","Fe^2+ Si O","Cfs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks","No" +"Clino-ferro-suenoite","Clino-ferro-suenoite","☐Mn2+2Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2","☐Mn2+2Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2","[box]Mn^2+^_2_Fe^2+^_5_(Si_8_O_22_)(OH)_2_","[box]Mn^2+^_2_Fe^2+^_5_(Si_8_O_22_)(OH)_2_","Mn Fe Si O H","IMA2024-032"," ",7545,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Si O H","Cfsue",,"No" +"Clinohedrite","Clinohedrite","CaZn2+SiO4·H2O","CaZn(SiO4)·H2O","CaZn(SiO_4_)·H_2_O","CaZn^2+^SiO_4_·H_2_O","Ca Zn Si O H"," "," ",1500," ","monoclinic","Cc","Ca Zn^2+ Si O H","Cnh","Abiotic, Biotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Clinohumite","Clinohumite","Mg9(SiO4)4F2","Mg9(SiO4)4F2","Mg_9_(SiO_4_)_4_F_2_","Mg_9_(SiO_4_)_4_F_2_","Mg Si O F"," "," ",1502,"Humite","monoclinic","P21/b","Mg Si O F","Chu","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Clinojimthompsonite","Clinojimthompsonite","Mg5Si6O16(OH)2","Mg5Si6O16(OH)2","Mg_5_Si_6_O_16_(OH)_2_","Mg_5_Si_6_O_16_(OH)_2_","Mg Si O H","IMA1977-012"," ",1503," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Mg Si O H","Cjim","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Clinokurchatovite","Clinokurchatovite","CaMgB2O5","CaMgB2O5","CaMgB_2_O_5_","CaMgB_2_O_5_","Ca Mg B O","IMA1982-017"," ",1504," ","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/b","Ca Mg B O","Ckht","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM28 - Photo-alteration, pre-biotic","No" +"Clinometaborite","Clinometaborite","HBO2","HBO2","HBO_2_","HBO_2_","H B O","IMA2010-022"," ",5851," ","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","H B O","Cmbo","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Clino-oscarkempffite","Clino-oscarkempffite","Ag1+15Pb2+6Sb3+21Bi3+18S2-72","Ag15Pb6Sb21Bi18S72","Ag_15_Pb_6_Sb_21_Bi_18_S_72_","Ag^1+^_15_Pb^2+^_6_Sb^3+^_21_Bi^3+^_18_S^2-^_72_","Ag Pb Sb Bi S","IMA2012-086"," ",6149,"Lillianite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Cokp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Clinophosinaite","Clinophosinaite","Na3Ca(SiO3)(PO4)","Na3Ca(SiO3)(PO4)","Na_3_Ca(SiO_3_)(PO_4_)","Na_3_Ca(SiO_3_)(PO_4_)","Na Ca Si O P","IMA1979-083"," ",1506," ","monoclinic","P2/c","Na Ca Si O P","Cpsi","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Clinoptilolite-Ca","Clinoptilolite-Ca","Ca3(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O","Ca3(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O","Ca_3_(Si_30_Al_6_)O_72_·20H_2_O","Ca_3_(Si_30_Al_6_)O_72_·20H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1507,"Heulandite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Si Al O H","Cpt-Ca","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Clinoptilolite-K","Clinoptilolite-K","K6(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O","K6(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O","K_6_(Si_30_Al_6_)O_72_·20H_2_O","K_6_(Si_30_Al_6_)O_72_·20H_2_O","K Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1508,"Heulandite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Si Al O H","Cpt-K","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Clinoptilolite-Na","Clinoptilolite-Na","Na6(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O","Na6(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O","Na_6_(Si_30_Al_6_)O_72_·20H_2_O","Na_6_(Si_30_Al_6_)O_72_·20H_2_O","Na Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1509,"Heulandite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Si Al O H","Cpt-Na","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Clinosafflorite","Clinosafflorite","Co3+(As2)3-","CoAs2","CoAs_2_","Co^3+^(As_2_)^3-^","Co As","IMA1970-014"," ",1510,"Marcasite","monoclinic","P21/c, B21/d","Co^3+ As","Csaf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Clino-suenoite","Clino-suenoite","☐Mn2+2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","☐Mn2+2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Mn^2+^_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Mn^2+^_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Mn Mg Si O H","IMA2016-111"," ",6638,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Mn^2+ Mg Si O H","Csue","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Clinosulphur","Clinosulphur","S","S","S","S","S","IMA2022 s.p."," ",5484," ","monoclinic","P21","S","S-β","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","Yes" +"Clinotobermorite","Clinotobermorite","Ca5Si6O17·5H2O","Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2·(Ca·3H2O)","Ca_4_Si_6_O_17_(H_2_O)_2_·(Ca·3H_2_O)","Ca_5_Si_6_O_17_·5H_2_O","Ca Si O H","IMA1990-005, IMA2014 s.p."," ",1511,"Tobermorite","triclinic, monoclinic","C1, Cc, I2/m","Ca Si O H","Ctbm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Clinoungemachite","Clinoungemachite","K3Na8Fe3+(S6+O4)6(OH)2·10H2O","K3Na8Fe3+(SO4)6(OH)2·10H2O","K_3_Na_8_Fe^3+^(SO_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·10H_2_O","K_3_Na_8_Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·10H_2_O","K Na Fe S O H"," "," ",5080," ",,,"K Na Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Cug","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Clinozoisite","Clinozoisite","Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","Ca_2_Al_3_[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","Ca_2_Al_3_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Al Si O H","IMA2006 s.p."," ",1513,"Clinozoisite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Al Si O H","Czo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM43 - Shear-induced minerals","No" +"Clintonite","Clintonite","CaAlMg2(SiAl3)O10(OH)2","CaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2","CaAlMg_2_(SiAl_3_O_10_)(OH)_2_","CaAlMg_2_(SiAl_3_)O_10_(OH)_2_","Ca Al Mg Si O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",1514,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Al Mg Si O H","Cln","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Clogauite","Clogauite","Pb2+Bi3+4Te2-4S2-3","PbBi4Te4S3","PbBi_4_Te_4_S_3_","Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_4_Te^2-^_4_S^2-^_3_","Pb Bi Te S","IMA2023-062"," ",7406," ","hexagonal","P3m1","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Te^2- S^2-","Cgt",,"No" +"Cloncurryite","Cloncurryite","Cu2+0.5(V4+O)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2·5H2O","Cu0.5(VO)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2·5H2O","Cu_0.5_(VO)_0.5_Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_·5H_2_O","Cu^2+^_0.5_(V^4+^O)_0.5_Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_·5H_2_O","Cu V O Al P F H","IMA2005-060"," ",5562," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ V^4+ O Al P F H","Ccu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cloudite","Cloudite","BaFe3+3(PO4)(S6+O4)(OH)6","BaFe3+3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6","BaFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)_6_","BaFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_6_","Ba Fe P O S H","IMA2023-047"," ",7395,"Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Fe^3+ P O S^6+ H","Cud",,"No" +"Coalingite","Coalingite","Mg10Fe3+2CO3(OH)24·2H2O","Mg10Fe3+2(CO3)(OH)24·2H2O","Mg_10_Fe^3+^_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_24_·2H_2_O","Mg_10_Fe^3+^_2_CO_3_(OH)_24_·2H_2_O","Mg Fe C O H","IMA1965-011"," ",1515,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Fe^3+ C O H","Clg","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Cobaltarthurite","Cobaltarthurite","Co2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2·4H2O","CoFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","CoFe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Co^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Co Fe As O H","IMA2001-052"," ",1517,"Arthurite","monoclinic","P21/c","Co^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Caru","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cobaltaustinite","Cobaltaustinite","CaCo2+As5+O4(OH)","CaCo(AsO4)(OH)","CaCo(AsO_4_)(OH)","CaCo^2+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Ca Co As O H","IMA1987-042"," ",1518,"Adelite","orthorhombic","P212121","Ca Co^2+ As^5+ O H","Caus","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cobaltite","Cobaltite","Co3+(AsS)3-","CoAsS","CoAsS","Co^3+^(AsS)^3-^","Co As S"," "," ",1519,"Cobaltite","orthorhombic, cubic","Pca21, Pa3","Co^3+ As S","Cbt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Cobaltkieserite","Cobaltkieserite","Co2+S6+O4·H2O","Co(SO4)·H2O","Co(SO_4_)·H_2_O","Co^2+^S^6+^O_4_·H_2_O","Co S O H","IMA2002-004"," ",1520,"Titanite, Kieserite","monoclinic","C2/c","Co^2+ S^6+ O H","Cksr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cobaltkoritnigite","Cobaltkoritnigite","Co2+(As5+O3OH)·H2O","Co(AsO3OH)·H2O","Co(AsO_3_OH)·H_2_O","Co^2+^(As^5+^O_3_OH)·H_2_O","Co As O H","IMA1980-013"," ",1521,"Krautite","triclinic","P1","Co^2+ As^5+ O H","Ckor","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Cobaltlotharmeyerite","Cobaltlotharmeyerite","CaCo2+2(As5+O4)2·2H2O","CaCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O","CaCo_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","CaCo^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Co As O H","IMA1997-027"," ",1522,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Co^2+ As^5+ O H","Clmy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cobaltneustädtelite","Cobaltneustadtelite","Bi3+2Fe3+(Co2+,Fe3+)(As5+O4)2(O,OH)4","Bi2Fe3+(Co,Fe3+)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4","Bi_2_Fe^3+^(Co,Fe^3+^)(AsO_4_)_2_(O,OH)_4_","Bi^3+^_2_Fe^3+^(Co^2+^,Fe^3+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(O,OH)_4_","Bi Fe Co As O H","IMA2000-012"," ",1523,"Medenbachite","triclinic","P1","Bi^3+ Fe^3+ Co^2+ As^5+ O H","Cneu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cobaltoblödite","Cobaltoblodite","Na2Co2+(S6+O4)2·4H2O","Na2Co(SO4)2·4H2O","Na_2_Co(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na_2_Co^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Co S O H","IMA2012-059"," ",6115,"Blödite","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Co^2+ S^6+ O H","Cblö","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Cobaltomenite","Cobaltomenite","Co2+Se4+O3·2H2O","Co(Se4+O3)·2H2O","Co(Se^4+^O_3_)·2H_2_O","Co^2+^Se^4+^O_3_·2H_2_O","Co Se O H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",1524,"Cobaltomenite","monoclinic","P21/n","Co^2+ Se^4+ O H","Cbm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cobaltpentlandite","Cobaltpentlandite","Co9S8","Co9S8","Co_9_S_8_","Co_9_S_8_","Co S","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1525,"Pentlandite","cubic","Fm3m","Co S","Copn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cobalttsumcorite","Cobalttsumcorite","Pb2+Co2+2(As5+O4)2·2H2O","PbCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O","PbCo_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^Co^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb Co As O H","IMA1999-029"," ",1526,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Co^2+ As^5+ O H","Ctsm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cobaltzippeite","Cobaltzippeite","Co2+(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)O2·3.5H2O","Co(UO2)2(SO4)O2·3.5H2O","Co(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)O_2_·3.5H_2_O","Co^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)O_2_·3.5H_2_O","Co U O S H","IMA1971-006"," ",4979,"Zippeite","monoclinic","C2/m","Co^2+ U^6+ O S^6+ H","Czip","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Coccinite","Coccinite","Hg2+I1-2","HgI2","HgI_2_","Hg^2+^I^1-^_2_","Hg I"," "," ",5436," ","tetragonal","I41/amd, P42/nmc","Hg^2+ I^1-","Cci","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Cochromite","Cochromite","Co2+Cr3+2O4","CoCr2O4","CoCr_2_O_4_","Co^2+^Cr^3+^_2_O_4_","Co Cr O","IMA1978-049"," ",1527,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Co^2+ Cr^3+ O","Cchr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Coconinoite","Coconinoite","Fe3+2Al2(U6+O2)2(PO4)4(S6+O4)(OH)2·20H2O","Fe3+2Al2(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2·20H2O","Fe^3+^_2_Al_2_(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_Al_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","Fe Al U O P S H","IMA1965-003"," ",1528," ","monoclinic",,"Fe^3+ Al U^6+ O P S^6+ H","Coc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Coesite","Coesite","SiO2","SiO2","SiO_2_","SiO_2_","Si O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1530,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c, P21/a","Si O","Coe","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Coffinite","Coffinite","U4+(SiO4)·nH2O","U(SiO4)·nH2O","U(SiO_4_)·nH_2_O","U^4+^(SiO_4_)·nH_2_O","U Si O H"," "," ",1531,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","U^4+ Si O H","Cof","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Cohenite","Cohenite","Fe3C","CFe3","CFe_3_","Fe_3_C","C Fe"," "," ",1532,"Perovskite","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Fe C","Coh","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Coiraite","Coiraite","(Pb2+,Sn2+)12.5As3+3Fe2+Sn4+5S2-28","(Pb,Sn)12.5As3Sn5FeS28","(Pb,Sn)_12.5_As_3_Sn_5_FeS_28_","(Pb^2+^,Sn^2+^)_12.5_As^3+^_3_Fe^2+^Sn^4+^_5_S^2-^_28_","Pb Sn As Fe S","IMA2005-024"," ",5525," ","monoclinic","P2/m","Pb^2+ Sn^2+ As^3+ Fe^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Coi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Colchesterite","Colchesterite","Bi3+2Mo6+2O9","Bi3+2Mo6+2O9","Bi^3+^_2_Mo^6+^_2_O_9_","Bi^3+^_2_Mo^6+^_2_O_9_","Bi Mo O","IMA2023-053"," ",7400,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Bi^3+ Mo^6+ O","Cchs",,"No" +"Coldwellite","Coldwellite","Pd3Ag2S","Pd3Ag2S","Pd_3_Ag_2_S","Pd_3_Ag_2_S","Pd Ag S","IMA2014-045"," ",6341,"Not in a structural group",,,"Pd Ag S","Cwl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Colemanite","Colemanite","CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O","CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O","CaB_3_O_4_(OH)_3_·H_2_O","CaB_3_O_4_(OH)_3_·H_2_O","Ca B O H"," "," ",1533," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca B O H","Cole","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Colimaite","Colimaite","K3V5+S2-4","K3VS4","K_3_VS_4_","K_3_V^5+^S^2-^_4_","K V S","IMA2007-045"," ",5647," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","K V^5+ S^2-","Com","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals","No" +"Colinowensite","Colinowensite","BaCu2+Si2O6","BaCuSi2O6","BaCuSi_2_O_6_","BaCu^2+^Si_2_O_6_","Ba Cu Si O","IMA2012-060"," ",6116,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I41/acd","Ba Cu^2+ Si O","Cwn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Collinsite","Collinsite","Ca2Mg(PO4)2·2H2O","Ca2Mg(PO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Mg(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Mg(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Mg P O H"," "," ",1534,"Fairfieldite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg P O H","Coll","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Colomeraite","Colomeraite","NaTi3+Si2O6","NaTi3+Si2O6","NaTi^3+^Si_2_O_6_","NaTi^3+^Si_2_O_6_","Na Ti Si O","IMA2021-061"," ",7165,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ti^3+ Si O","Colo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Coloradoite","Coloradoite","Hg2+Te2-","HgTe","HgTe","Hg^2+^Te^2-^","Hg Te"," "," ",1535,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m, Fm3m","Hg^2+ Te^2-","Clr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Colquiriite","Colquiriite","CaLiAlF6","CaLiAlF6","CaLiAlF_6_","CaLiAlF_6_","Ca Li Al F","IMA1980-015"," ",1536," ","hexagonal","P31c","Ca Li Al F","Cqr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Columbite-(Fe)","Columbite-(Fe)","Fe2+Nb5+2O6","Fe2+Nb2O6","Fe^2+^Nb_2_O_6_","Fe^2+^Nb^5+^_2_O_6_","Fe Nb O","IMA2007 s.p."," ",1887,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn, Pnca","Fe^2+ Nb^5+ O","Clb-Fe","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Columbite-(Mg)","Columbite-(Mg)","MgNb5+2O6","MgNb2O6","MgNb_2_O_6_","MgNb^5+^_2_O_6_","Mg Nb O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2936,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Mg Nb^5+ O","Clb-Mg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Columbite-(Mn)","Columbite-(Mn)","Mn2+Nb5+2O6","Mn2+Nb2O6","Mn^2+^Nb_2_O_6_","Mn^2+^Nb^5+^_2_O_6_","Mn Nb O","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3003,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Mn^2+ Nb^5+ O","Clb-Mn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Colusite","Colusite","Cu1+12Cu2+V3+As5+3S2-16","Cu13VAs3S16","Cu_13_VAs_3_S_16_","Cu^1+^_12_Cu^2+^V^3+^As^5+^_3_S^2-^_16_","Cu V As S"," "," ",1537,"Germanite, Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","P43n, F43m","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ V^3+ As^5+ S^2-","Col","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Comancheite","Comancheite","Hg2+55N3-24(N3-H2,OH)4(Cl,Br)34","Hg2+55N3-24(NH2,OH)4(Cl,Br)34","Hg^2+^_55_N^3-^_24_(NH_2_,OH)_4_(Cl,Br)_34_","Hg^2+^_55_N^3-^_24_(N^3-^H_2_,OH)_4_(Cl,Br)_34_","Hg N H O Cl Br","IMA1980-077"," ",1538," ","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Hg^2+ N^3- H O Cl Br","Cmc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Combeite","Combeite","Na4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5","Na4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5","Na_4.5_Ca_3.5_Si_6_O_17.5_(OH)_0.5_","Na_4.5_Ca_3.5_Si_6_O_17.5_(OH)_0.5_","Na Ca Si O H"," "," ",1539,"Lovozerite-Zirsinalite–Lovozerite","hexagonal","R3m, P3121, P32","Na Ca Si O H","Cbe","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Comblainite","Comblainite","Ni2+4Co3+2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O","Ni4Co3+2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O","Ni_4_Co^3+^_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Ni^2+^_4_Co^3+^_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Ni Co O H C","IMA1978-009"," ",1540,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal",,"Ni^2+ Co^3+ O H C","Cob","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Compreignacite","Compreignacite","K2(U6+O2)6O4(OH)6·7H2O","K2(UO2)6O4(OH)6·7H2O","K_2_(UO_2_)_6_O_4_(OH)_6_·7H_2_O","K_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_6_O_4_(OH)_6_·7H_2_O","K U O H","IMA1964-026"," ",1541,"Compreignacite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","K U^6+ O H","Cgn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Congolite","Congolite","Fe2+3B7O13Cl","Fe2+3B7O13Cl","Fe^2+^_3_B_7_O_13_Cl","Fe^2+^_3_B_7_O_13_Cl","Fe B O Cl","IMA1971-030"," ",1542,"Boracite","hexagonal","R3c","Fe^2+ B O Cl","Cgl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Conichalcite","Conichalcite","CaCu2+As5+O4(OH)","CaCu(AsO4)(OH)","CaCu(AsO_4_)(OH)","CaCu^2+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Ca Cu As O H"," "," ",1543,"Adelite","orthorhombic","P212121","Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Con","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Connellite","Connellite","Cu2+36(S6+O4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O","Cu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O","Cu_36_(SO_4_)(OH)_62_Cl_8_·6H_2_O","Cu^2+^_36_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_62_Cl_8_·6H_2_O","Cu S O H Cl"," "," ",1544,"Connellite","hexagonal","P62c, P63/mmc","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H Cl","Cnl","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Cookeite","Cookeite","LiAl4(Si3Al)O10(OH)8","(Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8","(Al,Li)_3_Al_2_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_8_","LiAl_4_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_8_","Al Li Si O H"," "," ",1545,"Chlorite, Clay","monoclinic","Cc","Li Al Si O H","Ckt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Coombsite","Coombsite","KMn2+13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14","KMn2+13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14","KMn^2+^_13_(Si,Al)_18_O_42_(OH)_14_","KMn^2+^_13_(Si,Al)_18_O_42_(OH)_14_","K Mn Si Al O H","IMA1989-058"," ",1546," ","hexagonal, tetragonal",,"K Mn^2+ Si Al O H","Cmb","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Cooperite","Cooperite","Pt2+S2-","PtS","PtS","Pt^2+^S^2-^","Pt S","IMA2022 s.p."," ",1547," ","tetragonal","P42/mmc","Pt^2+ S^2-","Cpe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Coparsite","Coparsite","Cu2+4O2As5+O4Cl","Cu2+4O2(AsO4)Cl","Cu^2+^_4_O_2_(AsO_4_)Cl","Cu^2+^_4_O_2_As^5+^O_4_Cl","Cu O As Cl","IMA1996-064"," ",1548," ","orthorhombic","Pbcm","Cu^2+ O As^5+ Cl","Cop","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Copiapite","Copiapite","Fe2+Fe3+4(S6+O4)6(OH)2·20H2O","Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","Fe S O H"," "," ",1549,"Copiapite","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Cpi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Copper","Copper","Cu","Cu","Cu","Cu","Cu"," "," ",1550,"Copper","cubic","Fm3m","Cu","Cu","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","Yes" +"Coquandite","Coquandite","Sb3+6+xO8+x(S6+O4)(OH)x(H2O)1-x (x = 0.3)","Sb3+6+xO8+x(SO4)(OH)x(H2O)1-x (x = 0.3)","Sb^3+^_6+x_O_8+x_(SO_4_)(OH)_x_(H_2_O)_1-x_ (x = 0.3)","Sb^3+^_6+x_O_8+x_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_x_(H_2_O)_1-x_ (x = 0.3)","Sb O S H","IMA1991-024"," ",1551," ","triclinic","P1","Sb^3+ O S^6+ H","Cqd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Coquimbite","Coquimbite","AlFe3+3(S6+O4)6(H2O)12·6H2O","AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12·6H2O","AlFe_3_(SO_4_)_6_(H_2_O)_12_·6H_2_O","AlFe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(H_2_O)_12_·6H_2_O","Al Fe S O H","IMA2019 s.p."," ",1552,"Coquimbite","hexagonal","P31c, P31c","Al Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Coq","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Coralloite","Coralloite","Mn2+Mn3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2·4H2O","Mn2+Mn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn As O H","IMA2010-012"," ",5839,"Arthurite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Mn^3+ As^5+ O H","Crll","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Corderoite","Corderoite","Hg3S2Cl2","Hg3S2Cl2","Hg_3_S_2_Cl_2_","Hg_3_S_2_Cl_2_","Hg S Cl","IMA1973-037"," ",1553," ","cubic","I213","Hg S Cl","Cde","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cordierite","Cordierite","Mg2Al3(AlSi5)O18","Mg2Al4Si5O18","Mg_2_Al_4_Si_5_O_18_","Mg_2_Al_3_(AlSi_5_)O_18_","Mg Al Si O"," "," ",1554,"Beryl","orthorhombic","Cccm","Mg Al Si O","Crd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Cordylite-(Ce)","Cordylite-(Ce)","(Na,Ca,☐)BaCe3+2(CO3)4(F,O)","(Na,Ca,☐)BaCe2(CO3)4(F,O)","(Na,Ca,[box])BaCe_2_(CO_3_)_4_(F,O)","(Na,Ca,[box])BaCe^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_4_(F,O)","Na Ca Ba Ce C O F","IMA2000-C, IMA1987 s.p."," ",1555,"Cordylite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Na Ca Ba Ce^3+ C O F","Cod-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Cordylite-(La)","Cordylite-(La)","NaCaBa2La3Sr(CO3)8F2","NaCaBa2La3Sr(CO3)8F2","NaCaBa_2_La_3_Sr(CO_3_)_8_F_2_","NaCaBa_2_La_3_Sr(CO_3_)_8_F_2_","Na Ca Ba La Sr C O F","IMA2010-058"," ",5883,"Cordylite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Na Ca Ba La Sr C O F","Cod-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Corkite","Corkite","Pb2+Fe3+3(S6+O4)(PO4)(OH)6","PbFe3+3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6","PbFe^3+^_3_(SO_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)_6_","Pb Fe S O P H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1556,"Alunite-beudantite","hexagonal","R3m, R3m","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O P H","Cok","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cornetite","Cornetite","Cu2+3PO4(OH)3","Cu3(PO4)(OH)3","Cu_3_(PO_4_)(OH)_3_","Cu^2+^_3_PO_4_(OH)_3_","Cu P O H"," "," ",1557," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Cu^2+ P O H","Cne","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cornubite","Cornubite","Cu2+5(As5+O4)2(OH)4","Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4","Cu_5_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Cu As O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1558," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Cnb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cornwallite","Cornwallite","Cu2+5(As5+O4)2(OH)4","Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4","Cu_5_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Cu As O H"," "," ",1559," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Cnw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Coronadite","Coronadite","Pb2+(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16","Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16","Pb(Mn^4+^_6_Mn^3+^_2_)O_16_","Pb^2+^(Mn^4+^_6_Mn^3+^_2_)O_16_","Pb Mn O"," "," ",1560,"Coronadite","tetragonal, monoclinic","I2/m","Pb^2+ Mn^4+ Mn^3+ O","Cor","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Correianevesite","Correianevesite","Fe2+Mn2+2(PO4)2·3H2O","Fe2+Mn2+2(PO4)2·3H2O","Fe^2+^Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Fe^2+^Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Fe Mn P O H","IMA2013-007"," ",6170,"Reddingite","orthorhombic","Pbna","Fe^2+ Mn^2+ P O H","Corr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Corrensite","Corrensite","(Ca,Na,K)1-x(Mg,Fe2+,Al)9(Si,Al)8O20(OH)10·nH2O","(Ca,Na,K)1-x(Mg,Fe,Al)9(Si,Al)8O20(OH)10·nH2O","(Ca,Na,K)_1-x_(Mg,Fe,Al)_9_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_10_·nH_2_O","(Ca,Na,K)_1-x_(Mg,Fe^2+^,Al)_9_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_10_·nH_2_O","Ca Na K Mg Fe Al Si O H"," "," ",1561,"Corrensite, Clay",,,"Ca Na K Mg Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Crr","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Cortesognoite","Cortesognoite","CaV3+2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O","CaV2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O","CaV_2_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","CaV^3+^_2_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca V Si O H","IMA2014-029"," ",6321,"Lawsonite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Ca V^3+ Si O H","Ctg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Corundum","Corundum","Al2O3","Al2O3","Al_2_O_3_","Al_2_O_3_","Al O"," "," ",1562,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3c","Al O","Crn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Corvusite","Corvusite","(Na,Ca,K)1-x(V5+,V4+,Fe2+)8O20·4H2O","(Na,Ca,K)1-x(V5+,V4+,Fe2+)8O20·4H2O","(Na,Ca,K)_1-x_(V^5+^,V^4+^,Fe^2+^)_8_O_20_·4H_2_O","(Na,Ca,K)_1-x_(V^5+^,V^4+^,Fe^2+^)_8_O_20_·4H_2_O","Na Ca K V Fe O H"," "," ",1563,"Straczekite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca K V^5+ V^4+ Fe^2+ O H","Cvu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cosalite","Cosalite","Pb2+2Bi3+2S2-5","Pb2Bi2S5","Pb_2_Bi_2_S_5_","Pb^2+^_2_Bi^3+^_2_S^2-^_5_","Pb Bi S"," "," ",1564," ","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Cos","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Coskrenite-(Ce)","Coskrenite-(Ce)","Ce3+2(S6+O4)2((C2)6+O4)·8H2O","Ce2(SO4)2(C2O4)·8H2O","Ce_2_(SO_4_)_2_(C_2_O_4_)·8H_2_O","Ce^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)·8H_2_O","Ce S O C H","IMA1996-056"," ",1565,"Oxalate","triclinic","P1","Ce^3+ S^6+ O C H","Ckr-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cossaite","Cossaite","(Mg0.5,☐)Al6(S6+O4)6(HS6+O4)F6·36H2O","(Mg0.5,☐)Al6(SO4)6(HSO4)F6·36H2O","(Mg_0.5_,[box])Al_6_(SO_4_)_6_(HSO_4_)F_6_·36H_2_O","(Mg_0.5_,[box])Al_6_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(HS^6+^O_4_)F_6_·36H_2_O","Mg Al S O H F","IMA2009-031"," ",5758,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3","Mg Al S^6+ O H F","Css","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Costibite","Costibite","Co3+(SbS)3-","CoSbS","CoSbS","Co^3+^(SbS)^3-^","Co Sb S","IMA1969-014"," ",1566,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pn21m","Co^3+ Sb S","Csb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cotunnite","Cotunnite","Pb2+Cl2","PbCl2","PbCl_2_","Pb^2+^Cl_2_","Pb Cl"," "," ",1567,"Cotunnite","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Pb^2+ Cl","Cot","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Coulsonite","Coulsonite","Fe2+V3+2O4","Fe2+V3+2O4","Fe^2+^V^3+^_2_O_4_","Fe^2+^V^3+^_2_O_4_","Fe V O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1568,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Fe^2+ V^3+ O","Cou","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Cousinite","Cousinite","MgU4+2(Mo6+O4)2(OH)6·2H2O (?)","MgU4+2(MoO4)2(OH)6·2H2O (?)","MgU^4+^_2_(MoO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O (?)","MgU^4+^_2_(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O (?)","Mg U Mo O H"," "," ",5081," ",,,"Mg U^4+ Mo^6+ O H","Cus","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Coutinhoite","Coutinhoite","Th4+xBa1-2x(U6+O2)2Si5O13·3H2O","ThxBa1-2x(UO2)2Si5O13·3H2O","Th_x_Ba_1-2x_(UO_2_)_2_Si_5_O_13_·3H_2_O","Th^4+^_x_Ba_1-2x_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_Si_5_O_13_·3H_2_O","Th Ba U O Si H","IMA2003-025"," ",4981," ","orthorhombic","Cmmb","Th^4+ Ba U^6+ O Si H","Cti","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Covellite","Covellite","Cu1+S","CuS","CuS","Cu^1+^S","Cu S"," "," ",1569,"Covellite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Cu^1+ S","Cv","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Cowlesite","Cowlesite","Ca(Al2Si3)O10·5-6H2O","Ca(Al2Si3)O10·5-6H2O","Ca(Al_2_Si_3_)O_10_·5-6H_2_O","Ca(Al_2_Si_3_)O_10_·5-6H_2_O","Ca Al Si O H","IMA1975-016"," ",1570," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca Al Si O H","Cow","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Coyoteite","Coyoteite","NaFe3+3S2-5·2H2O","NaFe3S5·2H2O","NaFe_3_S_5_·2H_2_O","NaFe^3+^_3_S^2-^_5_·2H_2_O","Na Fe S H O","IMA1978-042"," ",1571," ","triclinic",,"Na Fe^3+ S^2- H O","Coy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Crandallite","Crandallite","CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","CaAl_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","CaAl_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Ca Al P O H","IMA1999 s.p."," ",1572,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Al P O H","Cdl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Cranswickite","Cranswickite","MgS6+O4·4H2O","Mg(SO4)·4H2O","Mg(SO_4_)·4H_2_O","MgS^6+^O_4_·4H_2_O","Mg S O H","IMA2010-016"," ",5845,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic, triclinic","Cc, P1, C2/c","Mg S^6+ O H","Cwk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Crawfordite","Crawfordite","Na3Sr(PO4)(CO3)","Na3Sr(PO4)(CO3)","Na_3_Sr(PO_4_)(CO_3_)","Na_3_Sr(PO_4_)(CO_3_)","Na Sr P O C","IMA1993-030"," ",1573,"Bradleyite","monoclinic","P21","Na Sr P O C","Cfd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Creaseyite","Creaseyite","Cu2+2Pb2+2Fe3+2Si5O17·6H2O","Cu2Pb2Fe3+2Si5O17·6H2O","Cu_2_Pb_2_Fe^3+^_2_Si_5_O_17_·6H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_Pb^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_Si_5_O_17_·6H_2_O","Cu Pb Fe Si O H","IMA1974-044"," ",1574," ","orthorhombic",,"Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Cse","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Crednerite","Crednerite","Cu1+Mn3+O2","CuMnO2","CuMnO_2_","Cu^1+^Mn^3+^O_2_","Cu Mn O"," "," ",1575," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Mn^3+ O","Cnr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Creedite","Creedite","Ca3Al2(S6+O4)(OH)2F8·2H2O","Ca3Al2(SO4)(OH)2F8·2H2O","Ca_3_Al_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_2_F_8_·2H_2_O","Ca_3_Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_F_8_·2H_2_O","Ca Al S O H F"," "," ",1576," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Al S^6+ O H F","Cee","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Crerarite","Crerarite","(Pt,Pb2+)Bi3(S2-,Se2-)4-x (x = 0.4-0-8)","(Pt,Pb)Bi3(S,Se)4-x (x = 0.4-0-8)","(Pt,Pb)Bi_3_(S,Se)_4-x_ (x = 0.4-0-8)","(Pt,Pb^2+^)Bi_3_(S^2-^,Se^2-^)_4-x_ (x = 0.4-0-8)","Pt Pb Bi S Se","IMA1994-003"," ",1577,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Pt Pb^2+ Bi S^2- Se^2-","Cea","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Crichtonite","Crichtonite","Sr(Mn2+,Y,U6+)Fe2+2(Ti4+,Fe3+,Cr3+,V5+)18(O,OH)38","Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38","Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe_2_(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)_18_(O,OH)_38_","Sr(Mn^2+^,Y,U^6+^)Fe^2+^_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Cr^3+^,V^5+^)_18_(O,OH)_38_","Sr Mn Y U Fe Ti Cr V O H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",1578,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Sr Mn^2+ Y U^6+ Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Cr^3+ V^5+ O H","Cic","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Criddleite","Criddleite","Ag2Au3TlSb10S10","Ag2Au3TlSb10S10","Ag_2_Au_3_TlSb_10_S_10_","Ag_2_Au_3_TlSb_10_S_10_","Ag Au Tl Sb S","IMA1987-037"," ",1579," ","monoclinic",,"Ag Au Tl Sb S","Cdd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Crimsonite","Crimsonite","Pb2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2","PbFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2","PbFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb Fe P O H","IMA2014-095"," ",6393,"Carminite","orthorhombic","Cccm","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Cms","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cristobalite","Cristobalite","SiO2","SiO2","SiO_2_","SiO_2_","Si O"," "," ",1580,"Cristobalite","tetragonal, cubic, orthorhombic","P41212, Fd3m, F4132, P212121","Si O","Crs","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Crocobelonite","Crocobelonite","CaFe3+2O(PO4)2","CaFe3+2O(PO4)2","CaFe^3+^_2_O(PO_4_)_2_","CaFe^3+^_2_O(PO_4_)_2_","Ca Fe O P","IMA2020-005"," ",7022,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca Fe^3+ O P","Ccb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation","No" +"Crocoite","Crocoite","Pb2+Cr6+O4","Pb(CrO4)","Pb(CrO_4_)","Pb^2+^Cr^6+^O_4_","Pb Cr O"," "," ",1581,"Monazite, Baryte","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Cr^6+ O","Crc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Cronstedtite","Cronstedtite","(Fe2+,Fe3+)3(Si,Fe3+)2O5(OH)4","(Fe2+,Fe3+)3(Si,Fe3+)2O5(OH)4","(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_3_(Si,Fe^3+^)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_3_(Si,Fe^3+^)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Fe Si O H"," "," ",1582,"Clay, Serpentine","hexagonal","R3, P31m","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Cro","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cronusite","Cronusite","Ca0.2CrS2·2H2O","Ca0.2CrS2·2H2O","Ca_0.2_CrS_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_0.2_CrS_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Cr S H O","IMA1999-018"," ",1583," ","hexagonal",,"Ca Cr S H O","Cnu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Crookesite","Crookesite","Cu7TlSe4","Cu7TlSe4","Cu_7_TlSe_4_","Cu_7_TlSe_4_","Cu Tl Se"," "," ",1584," ","tetragonal","I4/m","Cu Tl Se","Crk","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Crowningshieldite","Crowningshieldite","(Ni0.9Fe0.1)S","(Ni0.9Fe0.1)S","(Ni_0.9_Fe_0.1_)S","(Ni_0.9_Fe_0.1_)S","Ni Fe S","IMA2018-072"," ",6802,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ni Fe S","Csh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Cryobostryxite","Cryobostryxite","KZn2+Cl3·2H2O","KZnCl3·2H2O","KZnCl_3_·2H_2_O","KZn^2+^Cl_3_·2H_2_O","K Zn Cl H O","IMA2014-058"," ",6355,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","K Zn^2+ Cl H O","Cbx","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Cryolite","Cryolite","Na3AlF6","Na2NaAlF6","Na_2_NaAlF_6_","Na_3_AlF_6_","Na Al F"," "," ",1585,"Perovskite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Al F","Crl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Cryolithionite","Cryolithionite","Na3Al2(LiF4)3","Na3Al2(LiF4)3","Na_3_Al_2_(LiF_4_)_3_","Na_3_Al_2_(LiF_4_)_3_","Na Al Li F"," "," ",1586,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d, Ia3d","Na Al Li F","Cyln","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Cryptochalcite","Cryptochalcite","K2Cu2+5O(S6+O4)5","K2Cu5O(SO4)5","K_2_Cu_5_O(SO_4_)_5_","K_2_Cu^2+^_5_O(S^6+^O_4_)_5_","K Cu O S","IMA2014-106"," ",6405,"Cryptochalcite","triclinic","P1","K Cu^2+ O S^6+","Cpch","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Cryptohalite","Cryptohalite","(N3-H4)2SiF6","(NH4)2SiF6","(NH_4_)_2_SiF_6_","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_SiF_6_","N H Si F"," "," ",1587," ","cubic","Fm3m","N^3- H Si F","Cphl","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Cryptomelane","Cryptomelane","K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16","K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16","K(Mn^4+^_7_Mn^3+^)O_16_","K(Mn^4+^_7_Mn^3+^)O_16_","K Mn O","IMA1982 s.p. ?"," ",1588,"Coronadite","monoclinic, tetragonal","I2/m, I4/m","K Mn^4+ Mn^3+ O","Cml","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cryptophyllite","Cryptophyllite","K2Ca[Si4O10]·5H2O","K2Ca[Si4O10]·5H2O","K_2_Ca[Si_4_O_10_]·5H_2_O","K_2_Ca[Si_4_O_10_]·5H_2_O","K Ca Si O H","IMA2008-061"," ",5721," ","monoclinic","P21/n","K Ca Si O H","Cp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Cualstibite","Cualstibite","Cu2+2AlSb5+(OH)12","Cu2Al(OH)6[Sb(OH)6]","Cu_2_Al(OH)_6_[Sb(OH)_6_]","Cu^2+^_2_AlSb^5+^(OH)_12_","Cu Al O H Sb","IMA1983-068"," ",1589,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P3","Cu^2+ Al Sb^5+ O H","Casb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Cuatrocapaite-(K)","Cuatrocapaite-(K)","K3(NaMg☐)(As3+2O3)6Cl6·16H2O","K3(NaMg☐)(As2O3)6Cl6·16H2O","K_3_(NaMg[box])(As_2_O_3_)_6_Cl_6_·16H_2_O","K_3_(NaMg[box])(As^3+^_2_O_3_)_6_Cl_6_·16H_2_O","K Na Mg As O Cl H","IMA2018-084"," ",6814,"Cuatrocapaite","hexagonal","P3m1","K Na Mg As^3+ O Cl H","Ctc-K","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Cuatrocapaite-(NH4)","Cuatrocapaite-(NH4)","(N3-H4)3(NaMg☐)(As3+2O3)6Cl6·16H2O","(NH4)3(NaMg☐)(As2O3)6Cl6·16H2O","(NH_4_)_3_(NaMg[box])(As_2_O_3_)_6_Cl_6_·16H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_3_(NaMg[box])(As^3+^_2_O_3_)_6_Cl_6_·16H_2_O","N H Na Mg As O Cl","IMA2018-083"," ",6813,"Cuatrocapaite","hexagonal","P3m1, R3m","N^3- H Na Mg As^3+ O Cl","Ctc-NH_4_","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Cubanite","Cubanite","Cu1+Fe2+Fe3+S2-3","CuFe2S3","CuFe_2_S_3_","Cu^1+^Fe^2+^Fe^3+^S^2-^_3_","Cu Fe S"," "," ",1590,"Cubanite, Wurtzite","orthorhombic","Pcmn","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Cbn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cuboargyrite","Cuboargyrite","Ag1+Sb3+S2-2","AgSbS2","AgSbS_2_","Ag^1+^Sb^3+^S^2-^_2_","Ag Sb S","IMA1997-004"," ",1591,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m, Fm3m","Ag^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Cbag","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cubo-ice","Cubo-ice","H2O","H2O","H_2_O","H_2_O","H O","IMA2017-029"," ",6668," ","cubic","Pn3m","H O","Ice-VII","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Cubothioplumbite","Cubothioplumbite","[Pb2+4(OH)4]Pb2+(S6+O3S2-)3","[Pb4(OH)4]Pb(S2O3)3","[Pb_4_(OH)_4_]Pb(S_2_O_3_)_3_","[Pb^2+^_4_(OH)_4_]Pb^2+^(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_3_","Pb O H S","IMA2021-091"," ",7197,"Not in a structural group","cubic","Pa3","Pb^2+ O H S^6+ S^2-","Ctpb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cumengeite","Cumengeite","Pb2+21Cu2+20Cl42(OH)40·6H2O","Pb21Cu20Cl42(OH)40·6H2O","Pb_21_Cu_20_Cl_42_(OH)_40_·6H_2_O","Pb^2+^_21_Cu^2+^_20_Cl_42_(OH)_40_·6H_2_O","Pb Cu Cl O H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",1592," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Cl O H","Cge","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Cummingtonite","Cummingtonite","☐Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","☐Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Mg_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Mg_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Mg Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",1593,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m, P21/m","Mg Si O H","Cum","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism","No" +"Cupalite","Cupalite","CuAl","CuAl","CuAl","CuAl","Cu Al","IMA1983-084"," ",1594," ","monoclinic, orthorhombic","C2/m, I2/m","Cu Al","Cup","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Cuprite","Cuprite","Cu1+2O","Cu2O","Cu_2_O","Cu^1+^_2_O","Cu O"," "," ",1595,"Not in a structural group","cubic","Pn3, Pn3m","Cu^1+ O","Cpr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Cuproauride","Cuproauride","Cu3Au","Cu3Au","Cu_3_Au","Cu_3_Au","Cu Au"," "," ",5437," ",,,"Cu Au","Cua","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Cuprobismutite","Cuprobismutite","Cu1+8Ag1+Bi3+13S2-24","Cu8AgBi13S24","Cu_8_AgBi_13_S_24_","Cu^1+^_8_Ag^1+^Bi^3+^_13_S^2-^_24_","Cu Ag Bi S"," "," ",1596," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Cbit","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cuprocherokeeite","Cuprocherokeeite","[Pb2+8Zn2+3Cu2+(OH)16](S6+O4)4·4H2O","[Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)4·4H2O","[Pb_8_Zn_3_Cu^2+^(OH)_16_](SO_4_)_4_·4H_2_O","[Pb^2+^_8_Zn^2+^_3_Cu^2+^(OH)_16_](S^6+^O_4_)_4_·4H_2_O","Pb Zn Cu O H S","IMA2022-086"," ",7305,"Cherokeeite","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Cu^2+ O H S^6+","Cchk",,"No" +"Cuprocopiapite","Cuprocopiapite","Cu2+Fe3+4(S6+O4)6(OH)2·20H2O","Cu2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O","Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","Cu Fe S O H"," "," ",1597,"Copiapite",,,"Cu^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Cucpi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cuprodobrovolskyite","Cuprodobrovolskyite","Na4Cu2+(S6+O4)3","Na4Cu(SO4)3","Na_4_Cu(SO_4_)_3_","Na_4_Cu^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","Na Cu S O","IMA2022-061"," ",7284,"Dobrovolskyite","hexagonal","R3","Na Cu^2+ S^6+ O","Cdvo",,"No" +"Cuprodongchuanite","Cuprodongchuanite","Pb2+4Cu2+Zn2+2(PO4)4(OH)2","Pb4CuZn2(PO4)4(OH)2","Pb_4_CuZn_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_4_Cu^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Pb Cu Zn P O H","IMA2021-065"," ",7168,"Dongchuanite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Zn^2+ P O H","Cdc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cuproiridsite","Cuproiridsite","Cu1+Ir3+Ir4+S2-4","Cu(Ir3+Ir4+)S4","Cu(Ir^3+^Ir^4+^)S_4_","Cu^1+^Ir^3+^Ir^4+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Ir S","IMA1984-016"," ",1598,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Cu^1+ Ir^3+ Ir^4+ S^2-","Cir","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Cuprokalininite","Cuprokalininite","Cu1+Cr3+Cr4+S2-4","Cu(Cr3+Cr4+)S4","Cu(Cr^3+^Cr^4+^)S_4_","Cu^1+^Cr^3+^Cr^4+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Cr S","IMA2010-008"," ",5834,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Cu^1+ Cr^3+ Cr^4+ S^2-","Ckal","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Cupromakopavonite","Cupromakopavonite","Cu1+8Ag1+3Pb2+4Bi3+19S2-38","Cu8Pb4Ag3Bi19S38","Cu_8_Pb_4_Ag_3_Bi_19_S_38_","Cu^1+^_8_Ag^1+^_3_Pb^2+^_4_Bi^3+^_19_S^2-^_38_","Cu Pb Ag Bi S","IMA2005-036"," ",5607,"Pavonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Cmpav","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cupromakovickyite","Cupromakovickyite","Cu1+4Ag1+Pb2+2Bi3+9S2-18","Cu4AgPb2Bi9S18","Cu_4_AgPb_2_Bi_9_S_18_","Cu^1+^_4_Ag^1+^Pb^2+^_2_Bi^3+^_9_S^2-^_18_","Cu Ag Pb Bi S","IMA2002-058"," ",5207,"Pavonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Cmak","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cupromolybdite","Cupromolybdite","Cu2+3O(Mo6+O4)2","Cu2+3O(Mo6+O4)2","Cu^2+^_3_O(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^_3_O(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_","Cu O Mo","IMA2011-005"," ",5935,"Vergasovaite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^2+ O Mo^6+","Cmyb","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Cuproneyite","Cuproneyite","Cu1+7Pb2+27Bi3+25S2-68","Cu7Pb27Bi25S68","Cu_7_Pb_27_Bi_25_S_68_","Cu^1+^_7_Pb^2+^_27_Bi^3+^_25_S^2-^_68_","Cu Pb Bi S","IMA2008-053"," ",5713,"Neyite","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Cney","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cupropavonite","Cupropavonite","Cu1+0.9Ag1+0.5Pb2+0.6Bi3+2.5S2-5","Cu0.9Ag0.5Pb0.6Bi2.5S5","Cu_0.9_Ag_0.5_Pb_0.6_Bi_2.5_S_5_","Cu^1+^_0.9_Ag^1+^_0.5_Pb^2+^_0.6_Bi^3+^_2.5_S^2-^_5_","Cu Ag Pb Bi S","IMA1978-033"," ",1599,"Pavonite","monoclinic",,"Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Cpav","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cupropearceite","Cupropearceite","[Cu1+6As3+2S2-7][Ag1+9Cu1+S2-4]","[Cu6As2S7][Ag9CuS4]","[Cu_6_As_2_S_7_][Ag_9_CuS_4_]","[Cu^1+^_6_As^3+^_2_S^2-^_7_][Ag^1+^_9_Cu^1+^S^2-^_4_]","Cu As S Ag","IMA2007-046"," ",5639,"Polybasite","hexagonal","P31m, P3m1","Cu^1+ As^3+ S^2- Ag^1+","Cpea","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cupropolybasite","Cupropolybasite","[Cu1+6Sb3+2S2-7][Ag1+9Cu1+S2-4]","[Cu6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4]","[Cu_6_Sb_2_S_7_][Ag_9_CuS_4_]","[Cu^1+^_6_Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_7_][Ag^1+^_9_Cu^1+^S^2-^_4_]","Cu Sb S Ag","IMA2008-004"," ",5663,"Polybasite","hexagonal","P3m1","Cu^1+ Sb^3+ S^2- Ag^1+","Cplb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cuprorhodsite","Cuprorhodsite","(Cu1+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S2-4","(Cu1+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S4","(Cu^1+^_0.5_Fe^3+^_0.5_)Rh^3+^_2_S_4_","(Cu^1+^_0.5_Fe^3+^_0.5_)Rh^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Cu Fe Rh S","IMA1984-017"," ",1600,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Cu^1+ Fe^3+ Rh^3+ S^2-","Crh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Cuprorivaite","Cuprorivaite","CaCu2+Si4O10","CaCuSi4O10","CaCuSi_4_O_10_","CaCu^2+^Si_4_O_10_","Ca Cu Si O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1601,"Gillespite","tetragonal","P4/ncc","Ca Cu^2+ Si O","Cuv","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Cuprosenandorite","Cuprosenandorite","Ag1+16Cu1+8Pb2+24Sb3+72S2-144","Ag16Cu8Pb24Sb72S144","Ag_16_Cu_8_Pb_24_Sb_72_S_144_","Ag^1+^_16_Cu^1+^_8_Pb^2+^_24_Sb^3+^_72_S^2-^_144_","Ag Cu Pb Sb S","IMA2024-022"," ",7497,"Lillianite","orthorhombic","Pna21","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Csado",,"No" +"Cuprosklodowskite","Cuprosklodowskite","Cu2+(U6+O2)2(SiO3OH)2·6H2O","Cu(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·6H2O","Cu(UO_2_)_2_(SiO_3_OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Cu^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(SiO_3_OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Cu U O Si H"," "," ",1602," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ U^6+ O Si H","Cskl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cuprospinel","Cuprospinel","Cu2+Fe3+2O4","Cu2+Fe3+2O4","Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_2_O_4_","Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_2_O_4_","Cu Fe O","IMA1971-020"," ",1603,"Spinel","tetragonal, cubic","I41/amd, Fd3m, Fd3m","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ O","Cspl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Cuprostibite","Cuprostibite","Cu2(Sb,Tl)","Cu2(Sb,Tl)","Cu_2_(Sb,Tl)","Cu_2_(Sb,Tl)","Cu Sb Tl"," "," ",1604," ","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Cu Sb Tl","Cusb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Cuprotungstite","Cuprotungstite","Cu2+3(W6+O4)2(OH)2","Cu2+3(WO4)2(OH)2","Cu^2+^_3_(WO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^_3_(W^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu W O H"," "," ",1605," ","tetragonal","P41212","Cu^2+ W^6+ O H","Ctgs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cuprozheshengite","Cuprozheshengite","Pb2+4Cu2+Zn2+2(As5+O4)2(PO4)2(OH)2","Pb4CuZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2","Pb_4_CuZn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_4_Cu^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb Cu Zn As O P H","IMA2021-095a"," ",7230,"Dongchuanite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O P H","Czh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Curetonite","Curetonite","Ba(Al,Ti4+)(PO4)(OH,O)F","Ba(Al,Ti)(PO4)(OH,O)F","Ba(Al,Ti)(PO_4_)(OH,O)F","Ba(Al,Ti^4+^)(PO_4_)(OH,O)F","Ba Al Ti P O H F","IMA1978-065"," ",1606,"Laueite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ba Al Ti^4+ P O H F","Cut","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Curienite","Curienite","Pb2+(U6+O2)2(V5+O4)2·5H2O","Pb(UO2)2(VO4)2·5H2O","Pb(UO_2_)_2_(VO_4_)_2_·5H_2_O","Pb^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_·5H_2_O","Pb U O V H","IMA1967-049"," ",1607,"Fritzscheite","orthorhombic","Pcan","Pb^2+ U^6+ O V^5+ H","Cue","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Curite","Curite","Pb2+3+x[(U6+O2)4O4+x(OH)3-x]2·2H2O","Pb3+x[(UO2)4O4+x(OH)3-x]2·2H2O","Pb_3+x_[(UO_2_)_4_O_4+x_(OH)_3-x_]_2_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^_3+x_[(U^6+^O_2_)_4_O_4+x_(OH)_3-x_]_2_·2H_2_O","Pb U O H"," "," ",1608," ","orthorhombic","Pnam","Pb^2+ U^6+ O H","Cui","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM27 - Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Currierite","Currierite","Na4Ca3MgAl4(As5+O3OH)12·9H2O","Na4Ca3MgAl4(AsO3OH)12·9H2O","Na_4_Ca_3_MgAl_4_(AsO_3_OH)_12_·9H_2_O","Na_4_Ca_3_MgAl_4_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_12_·9H_2_O","Na Ca Mg Al As O H","IMA2016-030"," ",6561," ","hexagonal","P622","Na Ca Mg Al As^5+ O H","Cur","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cuspidine","Cuspidine","Ca4(Si2O7)F2","Ca8(Si2O7)2F4","Ca_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_F_4_","Ca_4_(Si_2_O_7_)F_2_","Ca Si O F"," "," ",1609,"Wöhlerite","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/n, P21/c","Ca Si O F","Csp","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Cuyaite","Cuyaite","Ca2Mn3+As3+14O24Cl","Ca2Mn3+As3+14O24Cl","Ca_2_Mn^3+^As^3+^_14_O_24_Cl","Ca_2_Mn^3+^As^3+^_14_O_24_Cl","Ca Mn As O Cl","IMA2019-126"," ",7009,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","Pn","Ca Mn^3+ As^3+ O Cl","Cuy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cuzticite","Cuzticite","Fe3+2Te6+O6·3H2O","Fe3+2Te6+O6·3H2O","Fe^3+^_2_Te^6+^O_6_·3H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_Te^6+^O_6_·3H_2_O","Fe Te O H","IMA1980-071"," ",1610," ","hexagonal",,"Fe^3+ Te^6+ O H","Cuz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cyanochroite","Cyanochroite","K2Cu2+(S6+O4)2·6H2O","K2Cu(SO4)2·6H2O","K_2_Cu(SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","K_2_Cu^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","K Cu S O H"," "," ",1611,"Picromerite","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","K Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Cyc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Cyanotrichite","Cyanotrichite","Cu2+4Al2S6+O4(OH)12·2H2O","Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12(H2O)2","Cu_4_Al_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_12_(H_2_O)_2_","Cu^2+^_4_Al_2_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O","Cu Al S O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1613,"Cyanotrichite",,,"Cu^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Cya","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Cylindrite","Cylindrite","FePb3Sn4Sb2S14","FePb3Sn4Sb2S14","FePb_3_Sn_4_Sb_2_S_14_","FePb_3_Sn_4_Sb_2_S_14_","Fe Pb Sn Sb S"," "," ",1614,"Cylindrite","triclinic","A1, F1, C1","Fe Pb Sn Sb S","Cy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Cymrite","Cymrite","Ba(Si,Al)4(O,OH)8·H2O","Ba(Si,Al)4(O,OH)8·H2O","Ba(Si,Al)_4_(O,OH)_8_·H_2_O","Ba(Si,Al)_4_(O,OH)_8_·H_2_O","Ba Si Al O H"," "," ",1615,"Cymrite","monoclinic","P21","Ba Si Al O H","Cym","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Cyprine","Cyprine","Ca19Cu2+(Al10Mg2)Si18O69(OH)9","Ca19Cu2+(Al,Mg)12Si18O69(OH)9","Ca_19_Cu^2+^(Al,Mg)_12_Si_18_O_69_(OH)_9_","Ca_19_Cu^2+^(Al_10_Mg_2_)Si_18_O_69_(OH)_9_","Ca Cu Al Mg Si O H","IMA2015-044"," ",6459,"Vesuvianite","tetragonal","P4/n","Ca Cu^2+ Al Mg Si O H","Cyp","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Cyrilovite","Cyrilovite","NaFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)4·2H2O","NaFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)4·2H2O","NaFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","NaFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Na Fe P O H"," "," ",1616,"Wardite","tetragonal","P41212","Na Fe^3+ P O H","Cyr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Czochralskiite","Czochralskiite","Na4Ca3Mg(PO4)4","Na4Ca3Mg(PO4)4","Na_4_Ca_3_Mg(PO_4_)_4_","Na_4_Ca_3_Mg(PO_4_)_4_","Na Ca Mg P O","IMA2015-011"," ",6417,"Aphthitalite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Na Ca Mg P O","Cz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Dachiardite-Ca","Dachiardite-Ca","Ca2(Si20Al4)O48·13H2O","Ca2(Si20Al4)O48·13H2O","Ca_2_(Si_20_Al_4_)O_48_·13H_2_O","Ca_2_(Si_20_Al_4_)O_48_·13H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1617,"Dachiardite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Si Al O H","Dac-Ca","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Dachiardite-K","Dachiardite-K","K4(Si20Al4)O48·13H2O","K4(Si20Al4)O48·13H2O","K_4_(Si_20_Al_4_)O_48_·13H_2_O","K_4_(Si_20_Al_4_)O_48_·13H_2_O","K Si Al O H","IMA2015-041"," ",6443,"Dachiardite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Si Al O H","Dac-K","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Dachiardite-Na","Dachiardite-Na","Na4(Si20Al4)O48·13H2O","Na4(Si20Al4)O48·13H2O","Na_4_(Si_20_Al_4_)O_48_·13H_2_O","Na_4_(Si_20_Al_4_)O_48_·13H_2_O","Na Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1618,"Dachiardite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Si Al O H","Dac-Na","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Dacostaite","Dacostaite","K(Mg2Al)[Mg(H2O)6]2(As5+O4)2F6·2H2O","K(Mg2Al)[Mg(H2O)6]2(AsO4)2F6·2H2O","K(Mg_2_Al)[Mg(H_2_O)_6_]_2_(AsO_4_)_2_F_6_·2H_2_O","K(Mg_2_Al)[Mg(H_2_O)_6_]_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_F_6_·2H_2_O","K Mg Al H O As F","IMA2024-015"," ",7492,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mg Al H O As^5+ F","Dcs",,"No" +"Dadsonite","Dadsonite","Pb2+23Sb3+25S2-60Cl","Pb23Sb25S60Cl","Pb_23_Sb_25_S_60_Cl","Pb^2+^_23_Sb^3+^_25_S^2-^_60_Cl","Pb Sb S Cl","IMA1968-011"," ",1619,"Dadsonite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2- Cl","Dad","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Dagenaisite","Dagenaisite","Zn2+3Te6+O6","Zn3Te6+O6","Zn_3_Te^6+^O_6_","Zn^2+^_3_Te^6+^O_6_","Zn Te O","IMA2017-017"," ",6657," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Zn^2+ Te^6+ O","Dag","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Daliranite","Daliranite","Pb2+Hg2+As3+2S2-5","PbHgAs2S5","PbHgAs_2_S_5_","Pb^2+^Hg^2+^As^3+^_2_S^2-^_5_","Pb Hg As S","IMA2007-010"," ",5617," ","monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ Hg^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Da","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Dalnegorskite","Dalnegorskite","Ca5Mn2+(Si3O9)2","Ca5Mn(Si3O9)2","Ca_5_Mn(Si_3_O_9_)_2_","Ca_5_Mn^2+^(Si_3_O_9_)_2_","Ca Mn Si O","IMA2018-007"," ",6751,"Wollastonite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mn^2+ Si O","Dng","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Dalnegroite","Dalnegroite","Tl1+4Pb2+2(As3+,Sb3+)20S2-34","Tl4Pb2(As,Sb)20S34","Tl_4_Pb_2_(As,Sb)_20_S_34_","Tl^1+^_4_Pb^2+^_2_(As^3+^,Sb^3+^)_20_S^2-^_34_","Tl Pb As Sb S","IMA2009-058"," ",5787,"Chabournéite","triclinic","P1","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Dnr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Dalyite","Dalyite","K2Zr4+Si6O15","K2ZrSi6O15","K_2_ZrSi_6_O_15_","K_2_Zr^4+^Si_6_O_15_","K Zr Si O"," "," ",1620," ","triclinic","P1","K Zr^4+ Si O","Dly","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Damaraite","Damaraite","Pb2+3O2(OH)Cl","Pb3O2(OH)Cl","Pb_3_O_2_(OH)Cl","Pb^2+^_3_O_2_(OH)Cl","Pb O H Cl","IMA1989-013"," ",1621," ","orthorhombic","Pmc21","Pb^2+ O H Cl","Dm","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Damiaoite","Damiaoite","PtIn2","PtIn2","PtIn_2_","PtIn_2_","Pt In","IMA1995-041"," ",1622,"Fluorite","cubic","Fm3m","Pt In","Dam","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Danalite","Danalite","Be3Fe2+4(SiO4)3S2-","Be3Fe2+4(SiO4)3S","Be_3_Fe^2+^_4_(SiO_4_)_3_S","Be_3_Fe^2+^_4_(SiO_4_)_3_S^2-^","Be Fe Si O S"," "," ",1623,"Cancrinite-sodalite, Sodalite","cubic","P43n","Be Fe^2+ Si O S^2-","Dan","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Danbaite","Danbaite","CuZn2","CuZn2","CuZn_2_","CuZn_2_","Cu Zn","IMA1981-041"," ",1624," ","cubic",,"Cu Zn","Dba","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Danburite","Danburite","CaB2Si2O8","CaB2Si2O8","CaB_2_Si_2_O_8_","CaB_2_Si_2_O_8_","Ca B Si O"," "," ",1625,"Danburite","orthorhombic","Pnam, Pbnm","Ca B Si O","Dbu","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Danielsite","Danielsite","(Cu,Ag)14HgS8","(Cu,Ag)14HgS8","(Cu,Ag)_14_HgS_8_","(Cu,Ag)_14_HgS_8_","Cu Ag Hg S","IMA1984-044"," ",1626," ","orthorhombic",,"Cu Ag Hg S","Dns","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"D'ansite","Dansite","Na21Mg(S6+O4)10Cl3","Na21Mg(SO4)10Cl3","Na_21_Mg(SO_4_)_10_Cl_3_","Na_21_Mg(S^6+^O_4_)_10_Cl_3_","Na Mg S O Cl","IMA2007 s.p."," ",1628,"Dansite","cubic","I43d","Na Mg S^6+ O Cl","D'an","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"D'ansite-(Fe)","Dansite-(Fe)","Na21Fe2+(S6+O4)10Cl3","Na21Fe(SO4)10Cl3","Na_21_Fe(SO_4_)_10_Cl_3_","Na_21_Fe^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_10_Cl_3_","Na Fe S O Cl","IMA2011-065"," ",6008,"Dansite","cubic","I43d","Na Fe^2+ S^6+ O Cl","D'an-Fe","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"D'ansite-(Mn)","Dansite-(Mn)","Na21Mn2+(S6+O4)10Cl3","Na21Mn(SO4)10Cl3","Na_21_Mn(SO_4_)_10_Cl_3_","Na_21_Mn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_10_Cl_3_","Na Mn S O Cl","IMA2011-064"," ",6007,"Dansite","cubic","I43d","Na Mn^2+ S^6+ O Cl","D'an-Mn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Dantopaite","Dantopaite","Ag1+5Bi3+13S2-22","Ag5Bi13S22","Ag_5_Bi_13_S_22_","Ag^1+^_5_Bi^3+^_13_S^2-^_22_","Ag Bi S","IMA2008-058"," ",5718,"Pavonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ag^1+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Dnt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Daomanite","Daomanite","CuPtAsS2","CuPtAsS2","CuPtAsS_2_","CuPtAsS_2_","Cu Pt As S"," "," ",5082," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Aa, Cc","Cu Pt As S","Dao","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Daqingshanite-(Ce)","Daqingshanite-(Ce)","Sr3Ce3+PO4(CO3)3","Sr3Ce(PO4)(CO3)3","Sr_3_Ce(PO_4_)(CO_3_)_3_","Sr_3_Ce^3+^PO_4_(CO_3_)_3_","Sr Ce P O C","IMA1981-063, IMA1987 s.p."," ",1629," ","hexagonal","R3m","Sr Ce^3+ P O C","Daq-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Darapiosite","Darapiosite","KNa2Mn2+2(Li2Zn2+Si12)O30","KNa2Mn2(Li2ZnSi12)O30","KNa_2_Mn_2_(Li_2_ZnSi_12_)O_30_","KNa_2_Mn^2+^_2_(Li_2_Zn^2+^Si_12_)O_30_","K Na Mn Li Zn Si O","IMA1974-056"," ",1630,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Na Mn^2+ Li Zn^2+ Si O","Dar","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Darapskite","Darapskite","Na3(S6+O4)(N5+O3)·H2O","Na3(SO4)(NO3)·H2O","Na_3_(SO_4_)(NO_3_)·H_2_O","Na_3_(S^6+^O_4_)(N^5+^O_3_)·H_2_O","Na S O N H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1631," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Na S^6+ O N^5+ H","Drp","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Dargaite","Dargaite","BaCa12(SiO4)4(S6+O4)2O3","BaCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O3","BaCa_12_(SiO_4_)_4_(SO_4_)_2_O_3_","BaCa_12_(SiO_4_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_O_3_","Ba Ca Si O S","IMA2015-068"," ",6469,"Arctite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Ca Si O S^6+","Drg","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Darrellhenryite","Darrellhenryite","NaLiAl2Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)3O","Na(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","Na(Al_2_Li)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","NaLiAl_2_Al_6_(BO_3_)_3_Si_6_O_18_(OH)_3_O","Na Al Li Si O B H","IMA2012-026"," ",6085,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Li Al B O Si H","Dhry","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Dashkovaite","Dashkovaite","Mg(HCOO)1-2·2H2O","Mg(HCOO)2·2H2O","Mg(HCOO)_2_·2H_2_O","Mg(HCOO)^1-^_2_·2H_2_O","Mg H C O","IMA2000-006"," ",1632,"Formate","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg H C O","Dkv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization","No" +"Datolite","Datolite","CaB(SiO4)(OH)","CaB(SiO4)(OH)","CaB(SiO_4_)(OH)","CaB(SiO_4_)(OH)","Ca B Si O H"," "," ",1633,"Gadolinite","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/a","Ca B Si O H","Dat","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Daubréeite","Daubreeite","Bi3+O(OH)","BiO(OH)","BiO(OH)","Bi^3+^O(OH)","Bi O H"," "," ",1634,"Matlockite","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Bi^3+ O H","Dau","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Daubréelite","Daubreelite","Fe2+Cr3+2S2-4","FeCr2S4","FeCr_2_S_4_","Fe^2+^Cr^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Fe Cr S"," "," ",1635,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Fe^2+ Cr^3+ S^2-","Dbr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Davanite","Davanite","K2Ti4+Si6O15","K2TiSi6O15","K_2_TiSi_6_O_15_","K_2_Ti^4+^Si_6_O_15_","K Ti Si O","IMA1982-100"," ",1636," ","triclinic","P1","K Ti^4+ Si O","Dvn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Davemaoite","Davemaoite","CaSiO3","CaSiO3","CaSiO_3_","CaSiO_3_","Ca Si O","IMA2020-012a"," ",7079,"Perovskite","cubic","Pm3m","Ca Si O","Dvm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Davidbrownite-(NH4)","Davidbrownite-(NH4)","(N3-H4)5(V4+O)2((C2)6+O4)[PO2.75(OH)1.25]4·3H2O","(NH4)5(V4+O)2(C2O4)[PO2.75(OH)1.25]4·3H2O","(NH_4_)_5_(V^4+^O)_2_(C_2_O_4_)[PO_2.75_(OH)_1.25_]_4_·3H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_5_(V^4+^O)_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)[PO_2.75_(OH)_1.25_]_4_·3H_2_O","N H V O C P","IMA2018-129"," ",6856,"Not in a structural group, Oxalate","monoclinic","P21/c","N^3- H V^4+ O C P","Dbn-NH4","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Davidite-(Ce)","Davidite-(Ce)","Ce3+(Y,U4+)Fe3+2(Ti4+,Fe3+,Cr3+,V5+)18(O,OH,F)38","Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38","Ce(Y,U)Fe_2_(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)_18_(O,OH,F)_38_","Ce^3+^(Y,U^4+^)Fe^3+^_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Cr^3+^,V^5+^)_18_(O,OH,F)_38_","Ce Y U Fe Ti Cr V O H F","IMA1966 s.p."," ",1637,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Ce^3+ Y U^4+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Cr^3+ V^5+ O H F","Dvd-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Davidite-(La)","Davidite-(La)","La3+(Y,U4+)Fe3+2(Ti4+,Fe3+,Cr3+,V5+)18(O,OH,F)38","La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38","La(Y,U)Fe_2_(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)_18_(O,OH,F)_38_","La^3+^(Y,U^4+^)Fe^3+^_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Cr^3+^,V^5+^)_18_(O,OH,F)_38_","La Y U Fe Ti Cr V O H F","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1638,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","La^3+ Y U^4+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Cr^3+ V^5+ O H F","Dvd-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Davidlloydite","Davidlloydite","Zn2+3(As5+O4)2·4H2O","Zn3(AsO4)2·4H2O","Zn_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn As O H","IMA2011-053"," ",5981,"Parahopeite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Dld","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Davidsmithite","Davidsmithite","(Ca,☐)2Na6Al8Si8O32","(Ca,☐)2Na6Al8Si8O32","(Ca,[box])_2_Na_6_Al_8_Si_8_O_32_","(Ca,[box])_2_Na_6_Al_8_Si_8_O_32_","Ca Na Al Si O","IMA2016-070"," ",6599,"Tridymite-Nepheline","hexagonal","P63","Ca Na Al Si O","Dsm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Davinciite","Davinciite","Na12K3Ca6Fe2+3Zr4+3(Si26O73OH)Cl2","Na12K3Ca6Fe2+3Zr3(Si26O73OH)Cl2","Na_12_K_3_Ca_6_Fe^2+^_3_Zr_3_(Si_26_O_73_OH)Cl_2_","Na_12_K_3_Ca_6_Fe^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_(Si_26_O_73_OH)Cl_2_","Na K Ca Fe Zr Si O H Cl","IMA2011-019"," ",5947,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na K Ca Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Si O H Cl","Dvc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Davisite","Davisite","CaScAlSiO6","CaScAlSiO6","CaScAlSiO_6_","CaScAlSiO_6_","Ca Sc Al Si O","IMA2008-030"," ",5688,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Sc Al Si O","Dav","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Davreuxite","Davreuxite","Mn2+Al6Si4O17(OH)2","Mn2+Al6Si4O17(OH)2","Mn^2+^Al_6_Si_4_O_17_(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^Al_6_Si_4_O_17_(OH)_2_","Mn Al Si O H"," "," ",1639," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Mn^2+ Al Si O H","Drx","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Davyne","Davyne","(Na,K)6Ca2(Si6Al6)O24Cl3(S6+O4)0.5","[(Na,K)6(SO4)0.5Cl][Ca2Cl2][(Si6Al6O24)]","[(Na,K)_6_(SO_4_)_0.5_Cl][Ca_2_Cl_2_][(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)]","(Na,K)_6_Ca_2_(Si_6_Al_6_)O_24_Cl_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_0.5_","Na K S O Cl Ca Si Al"," "," ",1640,"Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P63, P63/m","Na K Ca Si Al O Cl S^6+","Dvy","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Dawsonite","Dawsonite","NaAlCO3(OH)2","NaAl(CO3)(OH)2","NaAl(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","NaAlCO_3_(OH)_2_","Na Al C O H"," "," ",1641," ","orthorhombic","Imam, I2cm, Imma","Na Al C O H","Dws","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Deanesmithite","Deanesmithite","Hg1+2Hg2+3S2-2OCr6+O4","Hg1+2Hg2+3S2O(CrO4)","Hg^1+^_2_Hg^2+^_3_S_2_O(CrO_4_)","Hg^1+^_2_Hg^2+^_3_S^2-^_2_OCr^6+^O_4_","Hg S O Cr","IMA1991-001"," ",1642," ","triclinic","P1","Hg^1+ Hg^2+ S^2- O Cr^6+","Dsh","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Debattistiite","Debattistiite","Ag9Hg0.5As6S12Te2","Ag9Hg0.5As6S12Te2","Ag_9_Hg_0.5_As_6_S_12_Te_2_","Ag_9_Hg_0.5_As_6_S_12_Te_2_","Ag Hg As S Te","IMA2011-098"," ",6036,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ag Hg As S Te","Dbt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Decagonite","Decagonite","Al71Ni24Fe5","Al71Ni24Fe5","Al_71_Ni_24_Fe_5_","Al_71_Ni_24_Fe_5_","Al Ni Fe","IMA2015-017"," ",6420," ",,,"Al Ni Fe","Dec","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Decrespignyite-(Y)","Decrespignyite-(Y)","Y4Cu2+(CO3)4Cl(OH)5·2H2O","Y4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5·2H2O","Y_4_Cu(CO_3_)_4_Cl(OH)_5_·2H_2_O","Y_4_Cu^2+^(CO_3_)_4_Cl(OH)_5_·2H_2_O","Y Cu C O Cl H","IMA2001-027"," ",1643," ","monoclinic, hexagonal","P3m1","Y Cu^2+ C O Cl H","Dcp-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Deerite","Deerite","Fe2+6Fe3+3(Si6O17)O3(OH)5","Fe2+6Fe3+3(Si6O17)O3(OH)5","Fe^2+^_6_Fe^3+^_3_(Si_6_O_17_)O_3_(OH)_5_","Fe^2+^_6_Fe^3+^_3_(Si_6_O_17_)O_3_(OH)_5_","Fe Si O H","IMA1964-016"," ",1644," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Dee","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Defernite","Defernite","Ca6(CO3)1.58(Si2O7)0.21(OH)7[Cl0.50(OH)0.08(H2O)0.42]","Ca6(CO3)1.58(Si2O7)0.21(OH)7[Cl0.50(OH)0.08(H2O)0.42]","Ca_6_(CO_3_)_1.58_(Si_2_O_7_)_0.21_(OH)_7_[Cl_0.50_(OH)_0.08_(H_2_O)_0.42_]","Ca_6_(CO_3_)_1.58_(Si_2_O_7_)_0.21_(OH)_7_[Cl_0.50_(OH)_0.08_(H_2_O)_0.42_]","Ca C O Si H Cl","IMA1978-057"," ",1645," ","orthorhombic","Pnam","Ca C O Si H Cl","Def","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dekatriasartorite","Dekatriasartorite","Tl1+Pb2+58As3+97S2-204","TlPb58As97S204","TlPb_58_As_97_S_204_","Tl^1+^Pb^2+^_58_As^3+^_97_S^2-^_204_","Tl Pb As S","IMA2017-071"," ",6703,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/c","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Dsat","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Delafossite","Delafossite","Cu1+Fe3+O2","Cu1+Fe3+O2","Cu^1+^Fe^3+^O_2_","Cu^1+^Fe^3+^O_2_","Cu Fe O"," "," ",1646," ","hexagonal","R3m, P63/mmc","Cu^1+ Fe^3+ O","Del","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Delhayelite","Delhayelite","K7Na3Ca5Al2Si14O38F4Cl2","K7Na3Ca5Al2Si14O38F4Cl2","K_7_Na_3_Ca_5_Al_2_Si_14_O_38_F_4_Cl_2_","K_7_Na_3_Ca_5_Al_2_Si_14_O_38_F_4_Cl_2_","K Na Ca Al Si O F Cl","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1647,"Rhodesite","orthorhombic","Pmmn","K Na Ca Al Si O F Cl","Dhy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Delhuyarite-(Ce)","Delhuyarite-(Ce)","Ce3+4Mg(Fe3+2W6+)☐(Si2O7)2O6(OH)2","Ce4Mg(Fe3+2W)☐(Si2O7)2O6(OH)2","Ce_4_Mg(Fe^3+^_2_W)[box](Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_6_(OH)_2_","Ce^3+^_4_Mg(Fe^3+^_2_W^6+^)[box](Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_6_(OH)_2_","Ce Mg Fe W Si O H","IMA2016-091"," ",6617,"Chevkinite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ce^3+ Mg Fe^3+ W^6+ Si O H","Dhu-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Deliensite","Deliensite","Fe2+(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)2(OH)2·7H2O","Fe2+(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2·7H2O","Fe^2+^(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·7H_2_O","Fe^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·7H_2_O","Fe U O S H","IMA1996-013"," ",1648," ","orthorhombic","Pnn2","Fe^2+ U^6+ O S^6+ H","Dli","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Delindeite","Delindeite","Ba2Ti4+2(Na2☐)Ti4+(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2O2","Ba2Ti2(Na2☐)Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2O2","Ba_2_Ti_2_(Na_2_[box])Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_O_2_","Ba_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Na_2_[box])Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_O_2_","Ba Ti Na Si O H","IMA1987-004"," ",1649,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","monoclinic","A2/m, C2/c","Ba Ti^4+ Na Si O H","Dde","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Dellagiustaite","Dellagiustaite","V2+Al2O4","V2+Al2O4","V^2+^Al_2_O_4_","V^2+^Al_2_O_4_","V Al O","IMA2017-101"," ",6726,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","V^2+ Al O","Dgt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Dellaite","Dellaite","Ca6(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2","Ca6(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2","Ca_6_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_","Ca_6_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_","Ca Si O H","IMA1964-005"," ",1650," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Si O H","Dll","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Deloneite","Deloneite","(Na0.5REE0.25Ca0.25)(Ca0.75REE0.25)Sr1.5(CaNa0.25REE0.25)(PO4)3F0.5(OH)0.5","(Na0.5REE0.25Ca0.25)(Ca0.75REE0.25)Sr1.5(CaNa0.25REE0.25)(PO4)3F0.5(OH)0.5","(Na_0.5_REE_0.25_Ca_0.25_)(Ca_0.75_REE_0.25_)Sr_1.5_(CaNa_0.25_REE_0.25_)(PO_4_)_3_F_0.5_(OH)_0.5_","(Na_0.5_REE_0.25_Ca_0.25_)(Ca_0.75_REE_0.25_)Sr_1.5_(CaNa_0.25_REE_0.25_)(PO_4_)_3_F_0.5_(OH)_0.5_","Na REE Ca Sr P O F H","IMA1995-036"," ",1651,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63, P3","Na REE Ca Sr P O F H","Dln","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Deloryite","Deloryite","Cu2+4(U6+O2)(Mo6+O4)2(OH)6","Cu4(UO2)Mo2O8(OH)6","Cu_4_(UO_2_)Mo_2_O_8_(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_4_(U^6+^O_2_)(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Cu U O Mo H","IMA1990-037"," ",1652," ","monoclinic","C2/m, B2/m","Cu^2+ U^6+ O Mo^6+ H","Dlo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Delrioite","Delrioite","Sr(V5+O3)2·4H2O","Sr(VO3)2·4H2O","Sr(VO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O","Sr(V^5+^O_3_)_2_·4H_2_O","Sr V O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1653,"Delrioite","monoclinic","I2/a","Sr V^5+ O H","Dl","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Deltalumite","Deltalumite","(Al0.67☐0.33)Al2O4","(Al0.67☐0.33)Al2O4","(Al_0.67_[box]_0.33_)Al_2_O_4_","(Al_0.67_[box]_0.33_)Al_2_O_4_","Al O","IMA2016-027"," ",6555,"Spinel","tetragonal","P4m2","Al O","Dal","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Deltanitrogen","Deltanitrogen","N","N","N","N","N","IMA2019-067b"," ",7275," ","orthorhombic","Pccn","N","δN",,"Yes" +"Delvauxite","Delvauxite","CaFe3+4(PO4)2(OH)8·4-5H2O","CaFe3+4(PO4)2(OH)8·4-5H2O","CaFe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_·4-5H_2_O","CaFe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_·4-5H_2_O","Ca Fe P O H"," "," ",4897,"Amorphous",,,"Ca Fe^3+ P O H","Dvx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Demagistrisite","Demagistrisite","BaCa2Mn3+4(Si3O10)(Si2O7)(OH)4·3H2O","BaCa2Mn3+4(Si3O10)(Si2O7)(OH)4·3H2O","BaCa_2_Mn^3+^_4_(Si_3_O_10_)(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","BaCa_2_Mn^3+^_4_(Si_3_O_10_)(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Ba Ca Mn Si O H","IMA2018-059"," ",6793,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Amm2","Ba Ca Mn^3+ Si O H","Dmg","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Demartinite","Demartinite","K2SiF6","K2SiF6","K_2_SiF_6_","K_2_SiF_6_","K Si F","IMA2006-034"," ",5526," ","hexagonal","P63mc","K Si F","Dma","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Demesmaekerite","Demesmaekerite","Pb2+2Cu2+5(U6+O2)2(Se4+O3)6(OH)6·2H2O","Pb2Cu5(UO2)2(Se4+O3)6(OH)6·2H2O","Pb_2_Cu_5_(UO_2_)_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_6_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_Cu^2+^_5_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_6_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Pb Cu U O Se H","IMA1965-019"," ",1654," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ U^6+ O Se^4+ H","Dmm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Demicheleite-(Br)","Demicheleite-(Br)","Bi3+S2-Br","BiSBr","BiSBr","Bi^3+^S^2-^Br","Bi S Br","IMA2007-022"," ",5624,"Demicheleite","orthorhombic","Pnam","Bi^3+ S^2- Br","Dem-Br","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals","No" +"Demicheleite-(Cl)","Demicheleite-(Cl)","Bi3+S2-Cl","BiSCl","BiSCl","Bi^3+^S^2-^Cl","Bi S Cl","IMA2008-020"," ",5679,"Demicheleite","orthorhombic","Pnam","Bi^3+ S^2- Cl","Dem-Cl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals","No" +"Demicheleite-(I)","Demicheleite-(I)","Bi3+S2-I1-","BiSI","BiSI","Bi^3+^S^2-^I^1-^","Bi S I","IMA2009-049"," ",5778,"Demicheleite","orthorhombic","Pnam","Bi^3+ S^2- I^1-","Dem-I","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals","No" +"Dendoraite-(NH4)","Dendoraite-(NH4)","(N3-H4)2NaAl((C2)6+O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)2","(NH4)2NaAl(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)2","(NH_4_)_2_NaAl(C_2_O_4_)(PO_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_NaAl((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)(PO_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","N H Na Al C O P","IMA2020-103"," ",7116,"Oxalate","monoclinic","P21/n","N^3- H Na Al C O P","Den-NH_4_","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Denisovite","Denisovite","KCa2Si3O8F","KCa2Si3O8F","KCa_2_Si_3_O_8_F","KCa_2_Si_3_O_8_F","K Ca Si O F","IMA1982-031"," ",1655," ","monoclinic",,"K Ca Si O F","Dnv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Denningite","Denningite","CaMn2+Te4+4O10","CaMn2+Te4+4O10","CaMn^2+^Te^4+^_4_O_10_","CaMn^2+^Te^4+^_4_O_10_","Ca Mn Te O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1656,"Denningite","tetragonal","P42/nbc","Ca Mn^2+ Te^4+ O","Dnn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Depmeierite","Depmeierite","Na8(Al6Si6O24)(PO4,CO3)1-x·3H2O; (x<0.5)","Na8[Al6Si6O24](PO4,CO3)1-x·3H2O (x< 0.5)","Na_8_[Al_6_Si_6_O_24_](PO_4_,CO_3_)_1-x_·3H_2_O (x< 0.5)","Na_8_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)(PO_4_,CO_3_)_1-x_·3H_2_O; (x<0.5)","Na Al Si O P C H","IMA2009-075"," ",5805,"Cancrinite","hexagonal","P63","Na Al Si O P C H","Dep","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Derbylite","Derbylite","Fe3+4Ti4+3Sb3+O13(OH)","Fe3+4Ti4+3Sb3+O13(OH)","Fe^3+^_4_Ti^4+^_3_Sb^3+^O_13_(OH)","Fe^3+^_4_Ti^4+^_3_Sb^3+^O_13_(OH)","Fe Ti Sb O H"," "," ",1657," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Sb^3+ O H","Dby","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Derriksite","Derriksite","Cu2+4(U6+O2)(Se4+O3)2(OH)6","Cu4(UO2)(Se4+O3)2(OH)6","Cu_4_(UO_2_)(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_4_(U^6+^O_2_)(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_6_","Cu U O Se H","IMA1971-033"," ",1658," ","orthorhombic","Pn21m","Cu^2+ U^6+ O Se^4+ H","Drk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dervillite","Dervillite","Ag2AsS2","Ag2AsS2","Ag_2_AsS_2_","Ag_2_AsS_2_","Ag As S","IMA1983 s.p."," ",1659,"Dervillite","monoclinic","P2/a, Pc","Ag As S","Dvl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Desautelsite","Desautelsite","Mg6Mn3+2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O","Mg6Mn3+2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O","Mg_6_Mn^3+^_2_(OH)_16_(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Mg_6_Mn^3+^_2_(OH)_16_(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Mg Mn O H C","IMA1978-016"," ",1660,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Mn^3+ O H C","Des","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization","No" +"Descloizite","Descloizite","Pb2+Zn2+V5+O4(OH)","PbZn(VO4)(OH)","PbZn(VO_4_)(OH)","Pb^2+^Zn^2+^V^5+^O_4_(OH)","Pb Zn V O H"," "," ",1661,"Descloizite","orthorhombic","P212121, Pnma","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ V^5+ O H","Dcz","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Désorite","Desorite","Pb2+2(Fe3+6Zn2+)O2(PO4)4(OH)8","Pb2(Fe3+6Zn)O2(PO4)4(OH)8","Pb_2_(Fe^3+^_6_Zn)O_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_","Pb^2+^_2_(Fe^3+^_6_Zn^2+^)O_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_","Pb Fe Zn O P H","IMA2023-087"," ",7426,"Jamesite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Zn^2+ O P H","Dso",,"No" +"Despujolsite","Despujolsite","Ca3Mn4+(S6+O4)2(OH)6·3H2O","Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O","Ca_3_Mn^4+^(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca_3_Mn^4+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca Mn S O H","IMA1967-039"," ",1662,"Fleischerite","hexagonal","P62c, P63/mmc","Ca Mn^4+ S^6+ O H","Dpj","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dessauite-(Y)","Dessauite-(Y)","Sr2+(Y,U4+,Mn2+)Fe3+2(Ti4+,Fe3+,Cr3+,V5+)18(O,OH)38","Sr(Y,U,Mn)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38","Sr(Y,U,Mn)Fe_2_(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)_18_(O,OH)_38_","Sr^2+^(Y,U^4+^,Mn^2+^)Fe^3+^_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Cr^3+^,V^5+^)_18_(O,OH)_38_","Sr Y U Mn Fe Ti Cr V O H","IMA1994-057"," ",1663,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Sr^2+ Y U^4+ Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Cr^3+ V^5+ O H","Dss-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Destinezite","Destinezite","Fe3+2(PO4)(S6+O4)(OH)·6H2O","Fe3+2(PO4)(SO4)(OH)·6H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)·6H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·6H_2_O","Fe P O S H","IMA2000 s.p."," ",5438," ","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ P O S^6+ H","Dtz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Deveroite-(Ce)","Deveroite-(Ce)","Ce3+2((C2)6+O4)3·10H2O","Ce2(C2O4)3·10H2O","Ce_2_(C_2_O_4_)_3_·10H_2_O","Ce^3+^_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)_3_·10H_2_O","Ce C O H","IMA2013-003"," ",6166,"Oxalate","monoclinic","P21/c","Ce^3+ C O H","Dvr-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Devilliersite","Devilliersite","Ca4Ca2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36]","Ca4Ca2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36]","Ca_4_Ca_2_Fe^3+^_10_O_4_[(Fe^3+^_10_Si_2_)O_36_]","Ca_4_Ca_2_Fe^3+^_10_O_4_[(Fe^3+^_10_Si_2_)O_36_]","Ca Fe O Si","IMA2020-073"," ",7089,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Ca Fe^3+ O Si","Dvi","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Devilline","Devilline","CaCu2+4(S6+O4)2(OH)6·3H2O","CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O","CaCu_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","CaCu^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca Cu S O H","IMA1971 s.p."," ",1664,"Devilline","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Dev","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Devitoite","Devitoite","Ba6Fe2+7Fe3+2(Si4O12)2(PO4)2(CO3)O2(OH)4","Ba6Fe2+7Fe3+2(Si4O12)2(PO4)2(CO3)O2(OH)4","Ba_6_Fe^2+^_7_Fe^3+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(CO_3_)O_2_(OH)_4_","Ba_6_Fe^2+^_7_Fe^3+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(CO_3_)O_2_(OH)_4_","Ba Fe Si O P C H","IMA2009-010"," ",5739,"Astrophyllite-Devitoite","triclinic","P1","Ba Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O P C H","Dvt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dewindtite","Dewindtite","H2Pb2+3(U6+O2)6O4(PO4)4·12H2O","H2Pb3(UO2)6O4(PO4)4·12H2O","H_2_Pb_3_(UO_2_)_6_O_4_(PO_4_)_4_·12H_2_O","H_2_Pb^2+^_3_(U^6+^O_2_)_6_O_4_(PO_4_)_4_·12H_2_O","H Pb U O P"," "," ",1665,"Phosphuranylite","orthorhombic","Bmmb","H Pb^2+ U^6+ O P","Dew","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dewitite","Dewitite","Ag1+zTl1+10-x-zPb2+2xSb3+42-x-yAs3+yS2-68 (0.09 ≤ x ≤ 2.13, 13.99 ≤ y ≤ 19.79, 0.10 ≤ z ≤ 0.50)","AgzTl10-x-zPb2xSb42-x-yAsyS68 (0.09 ≤ x ≤ 2.13, 13.99 ≤ y ≤ 19.79, 0.10 ≤ z ≤ 0.50)","Ag_z_Tl_10-x-z_Pb_2x_Sb_42-x-y_As_y_S_68_ (0.09 ≤ x ≤ 2.13, 13.99 ≤ y ≤ 19.79, 0.10 ≤ z ≤ 0.50)","Ag^1+^_z_Tl^1+^_10-x-z_Pb^2+^_2x_Sb^3+^_42-x-y_As^3+^_y_S^2-^_68_ (0.09 ≤ x ≤ 2.13, 13.99 ≤ y ≤ 19.79, 0.10 ≤ z ≤ 0.50)","Ag Tl Pb Sb As S","IMA2019-098"," ",7170,"Chabournéite","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Tl^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Dwt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Deynekoite","Deynekoite","Ca9☐Fe3+(PO4)7","Ca9☐Fe3+(PO4)7","Ca_9_[box]Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_7_","Ca_9_[box]Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_7_","Ca Fe P O","IMA2021-108"," ",7211,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ca Fe^3+ P O","Dnk","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Diaboleite","Diaboleite","Cu2+Pb2+2Cl2(OH)4","CuPb2Cl2(OH)4","CuPb_2_Cl_2_(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^Pb^2+^_2_Cl_2_(OH)_4_","Cu Pb Cl O H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",4877,"Perovskite","tetragonal","P4mm","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Cl O H","Dbol","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Diadochite","Diadochite","Fe3+2(PO4)(S6+O4)(OH)·6H2O","Fe3+2(PO4)(SO4)(OH)·6H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)·6H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·6H_2_O","Fe P O S H"," "," ",1667,"Amorphous",,,"Fe^3+ P O S^6+ H","Ddc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Diamond","Diamond","C","C","C","C","C"," "," ",1668,"Diamond","cubic, orthorhombic","Fd3m, Cmma, Cmmm, Pban, Ia3, Fd3m","C","Dia","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","Yes" +"Diaoyudaoite","Diaoyudaoite","NaAl11O17","NaAl11O17","NaAl_11_O_17_","NaAl_11_O_17_","Na Al O","IMA1985-005"," ",1669,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Na Al O","Dyd","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Diaphorite","Diaphorite","Ag1+3Pb2+2Sb3+3S2-8","Ag3Pb2Sb3S8","Ag_3_Pb_2_Sb_3_S_8_","Ag^1+^_3_Pb^2+^_2_Sb^3+^_3_S^2-^_8_","Ag Pb Sb S"," "," ",1670," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Dpr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Diaspore","Diaspore","AlO(OH)","AlO(OH)","AlO(OH)","AlO(OH)","Al O H"," "," ",1671,"Diaspore","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Al O H","Dsp","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)","Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)","K(NaMn2+)CaNa3AlMn2+13(PO4)12(OH)2","K(NaMn)CaNa3AlMn13(PO4)12(OH)2","K(NaMn)CaNa_3_AlMn_13_(PO_4_)_12_(OH)_2_","K(NaMn^2+^)CaNa_3_AlMn^2+^_13_(PO_4_)_12_(OH)_2_","K Na Mn Ca Al P O H","IMA2005-048"," ",1672,"Arrojadite","monoclinic","Cc, A2/a","K Na Mn^2+ Ca Al P O H","Dcn-KMnNa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Dickite","Dickite","Al2Si2O5(OH)4","Al2Si2O5(OH)4","Al_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Al_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Al Si O H"," "," ",1673,"Clay, Kaolinite","monoclinic","Cc","Al Si O H","Dck","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM28 - Photo-alteration, pre-biotic, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Dickthomssenite","Dickthomssenite","MgV5+2O6·7H2O","MgV2O6·7H2O","MgV_2_O_6_·7H_2_O","MgV^5+^_2_O_6_·7H_2_O","Mg V O H","IMA2000-047"," ",1674," ","triclinic, monoclinic","C2/c","Mg V^5+ O H","Dth","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Diegogattaite","Diegogattaite","Na2CaCu2+2Si8O20·H2O","Na2CaCu2Si8O20·H2O","Na_2_CaCu_2_Si_8_O_20_·H_2_O","Na_2_CaCu^2+^_2_Si_8_O_20_·H_2_O","Na Ca Cu Si O H","IMA2012-096"," ",6180,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Cu^2+ Si O H","Dga","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Dienerite","Dienerite","Ni3As","Ni3As","Ni_3_As","Ni_3_As","Ni As","IMA2019 s.p."," ",1675,"Domeykite",,,"Ni As","Dne","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Dietrichite","Dietrichite","Zn2+Al2(S6+O4)4·22H2O","ZnAl2(SO4)4·22H2O","ZnAl_2_(SO_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Zn^2+^Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Zn Al S O H"," "," ",1676,"Halotrichite","monoclinic","P21/c","Zn^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Dtr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Dietzeite","Dietzeite","Ca2(I5+O3)2Cr6+O4·H2O","Ca2(IO3)2(CrO4)·H2O","Ca_2_(IO_3_)_2_(CrO_4_)·H_2_O","Ca_2_(I^5+^O_3_)_2_Cr^6+^O_4_·H_2_O","Ca I O Cr H"," "," ",1677," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca I^5+ O Cr^6+ H","Die","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Digenite","Digenite","Cu1.8S","Cu1.8S","Cu_1.8_S","Cu_1.8_S","Cu S","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1678,"Digenite","cubic, hexagonal","Fm3m, R3m","Cu S","Dg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM28 - Photo-alteration, pre-biotic, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Dimorphite","Dimorphite","As4S3","As4S3","As_4_S_3_","As_4_S_3_","As S"," "," ",1679," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","As S","Dim","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dingdaohengite-(Ce)","Dingdaohengite-(Ce)","(Ce3+,La3+)4Fe2+(Ti4+,Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)2Ti4+2Si4O22","(Ce,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)2Ti2Si4O22","(Ce,La)_4_Fe^2+^(Ti,Fe^2+^,Mg,Fe^3+^)_2_Ti_2_Si_4_O_22_","(Ce^3+^,La^3+^)_4_Fe^2+^(Ti^4+^,Fe^2+^,Mg,Fe^3+^)_2_Ti^4+^_2_Si_4_O_22_","Ce La Fe Ti Mg Si O","IMA2005-014"," ",5439,"Chevkinite","monoclinic","P21/a, C2/m","Ce^3+ La^3+ Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Mg Fe^3+ Si O","Ddh-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dinilawiite","Dinilawiite","[Pb2+4OAl(OH)6]2(S6+O3S2-)2·(S6+O3S2-)(H2O)5","[Pb4OAl(OH)6]2(S2O3)2·(S2O3)(H2O)5","[Pb_4_OAl(OH)_6_]_2_(S_2_O_3_)_2_·(S_2_O_3_)(H_2_O)_5_","[Pb^2+^_4_OAl(OH)_6_]_2_(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_2_·(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)(H_2_O)_5_","Pb O Al H S","IMA2023-061"," ",7405,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","I2/a","Pb^2+ O Al H S^6+ S^2-","Dlw",,"No" +"Dinite","Dinite","C20H36","C20H36","C_20_H_36_","C_20_H_36_","C H"," "," ",5178," ","orthorhombic","P212121","C H","Din","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Diopside","Diopside","CaMgSi2O6","CaMgSi2O6","CaMgSi_2_O_6_","CaMgSi_2_O_6_","Ca Mg Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",1681,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mg Si O","Di","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Dioptase","Dioptase","Cu2+SiO3·H2O","CuSiO3·H2O","CuSiO_3_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^SiO_3_·H_2_O","Cu Si O H"," "," ",1682," ","hexagonal","R3","Cu^2+ Si O H","Dpt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dioskouriite","Dioskouriite","CaCu2+4Cl6(OH)4·4H2O","CaCu4Cl6(OH)4·4H2O","CaCu_4_Cl_6_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","CaCu^2+^_4_Cl_6_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Ca Cu Cl O H","IMA2015-106"," ",6506,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic, orthorhombic","P21/c, P212121","Ca Cu^2+ Cl O H","Dio","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Direnzoite","Direnzoite","NaK6MgCa2(Al13Si47)O120·36H2O","NaK6MgCa2(Al13Si47)O120·36H2O","NaK_6_MgCa_2_(Al_13_Si_47_)O_120_·36H_2_O","NaK_6_MgCa_2_(Al_13_Si_47_)O_120_·36H_2_O","Na K Mg Ca Al Si O H","IMA2006-044"," ",5564," ","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Na K Mg Ca Al Si O H","Drz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Dissakisite-(Ce)","Dissakisite-(Ce)","CaCe3+MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaCe(Al2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaCe(Al_2_Mg)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaCe^3+^MgAl_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Ce Al Mg Si O H","IMA1990-004"," ",1683,"Allanite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Ce^3+ Mg Al Si O H","Dis-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Dissakisite-(La)","Dissakisite-(La)","CaLaMgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaLa(Al2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaLa(Al_2_Mg)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaLaMgAl_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca La Al Mg Si O H","IMA2003-007"," ",5222,"Allanite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca La Mg Al Si O H","Dis-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Disulfodadsonite","Disulfodadsonite","Pb2+11Sb3+13S2-30(S2)2-0.5","Pb11Sb13S30(S2)0.5","Pb_11_Sb_13_S_30_(S_2_)_0.5_","Pb^2+^_11_Sb^3+^_13_S^2-^_30_(S_2_)^2-^_0.5_","Pb Sb S","IMA2011-076"," ",6022,"Dadsonite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2- S","Ddad","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Dittmarite","Dittmarite","(N3-H4)MgPO4·H2O","(NH4)Mg(PO4)·H2O","(NH_4_)Mg(PO_4_)·H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)MgPO_4_·H_2_O","N H Mg P O"," "," ",1684," ","orthorhombic","Pmn21","N^3- H Mg P O","Dmr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Diversilite-(Ce)","Diversilite-(Ce)","Na2Ba6Ce3+2Fe2+Ti4+3Si12O36(OH)10·nH2O","Na2Ba6Ce2Fe2+Ti3Si12O36(OH)10·nH2O","Na_2_Ba_6_Ce_2_Fe^2+^Ti_3_Si_12_O_36_(OH)_10_·nH_2_O","Na_2_Ba_6_Ce^3+^_2_Fe^2+^Ti^4+^_3_Si_12_O_36_(OH)_10_·nH_2_O","Na Ba Ce Fe Ti Si O H","IMA2002-043"," ",4983," ","hexagonal","R3, R32","Na Ba Ce^3+ Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Dvs-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Dixenite","Dixenite","Cu1+Mn2+14Fe3+(As3+O3)5(SiO4)2(As5+O4)(OH)6","Cu1+Fe3+Mn2+14(As5+O4)(As3+O3)5(SiO4)2(OH)6","Cu^1+^Fe^3+^Mn^2+^_14_(As^5+^O_4_)(As^3+^O_3_)_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Cu^1+^Mn^2+^_14_Fe^3+^(As^3+^O_3_)_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_6_","Cu Fe Mn As O Si H"," "," ",1685,"Hematolite","hexagonal","R3","Cu^1+ Mn^2+ Fe^3+ As^3+ O Si As^5+ H","Dxn","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Djerfisherite","Djerfisherite","K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl","K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl","K_6_(Fe,Cu,Ni)_25_S_26_Cl","K_6_(Fe,Cu,Ni)_25_S_26_Cl","K Fe Cu Ni S Cl","IMA1965-028"," ",1686,"Djerfisherite","cubic","Pm3m","K Fe Cu Ni S Cl","Djr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Djurleite","Djurleite","Cu31S16","Cu31S16","Cu_31_S_16_","Cu_31_S_16_","Cu S","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1687," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu S","Dju","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dmisokolovite","Dmisokolovite","K3Cu2+5AlO2(As5+O4)4","K3Cu5AlO2(AsO4)4","K_3_Cu_5_AlO_2_(AsO_4_)_4_","K_3_Cu^2+^_5_AlO_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_","K Cu Al O As","IMA2013-079"," ",6238,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","K Cu^2+ Al O As^5+","Dsk","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Dmisteinbergite","Dmisteinbergite","CaAl2Si2O8","Ca(Al2Si2O8)","Ca(Al_2_Si_2_O_8_)","CaAl_2_Si_2_O_8_","Ca Al Si O","IMA1989-010"," ",1688,"Cymrite","hexagonal","P63/mcm","Ca Al Si O","Dsb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Dmitryivanovite","Dmitryivanovite","CaAl2O4","CaAl2O4","CaAl_2_O_4_","CaAl_2_O_4_","Ca Al O","IMA2006-035"," ",5556," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Al O","Div","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Dmitryvarlamovite","Dmitryvarlamovite","Ti4+2(Fe3+Nb5+)O8","Ti2(Fe3+Nb)O8","Ti_2_(Fe^3+^Nb)O_8_","Ti^4+^_2_(Fe^3+^Nb^5+^)O_8_","Ti Fe Nb O","IMA2022-125a"," ",7402,"Columbite","orthorhombic","P21212","Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Nb^5+ O","Dmv",,"No" +"Dobrovolskyite","Dobrovolskyite","Na4Ca(S6+O4)3","Na4Ca(SO4)3","Na_4_Ca(SO_4_)_3_","Na_4_Ca(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca S O","IMA2019-106"," ",6990,"Dobrovolskyite","hexagonal","R3","Na Ca S^6+ O","Dvo","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Dobšináite","Dobsinaite","Ca2Ca(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Ca2Ca(AsO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Ca(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Ca(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca As O H","IMA2020-081"," ",7097,"Roselite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca As^5+ O H","Dob","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dokuchaevite","Dokuchaevite","Cu2+8O2(V5+O4)3Cl3","Cu8O2(VO4)3Cl3","Cu_8_O_2_(VO_4_)_3_Cl_3_","Cu^2+^_8_O_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_3_Cl_3_","Cu O V Cl","IMA2018-012"," ",6755," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ O V^5+ Cl","Dok","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Dolerophanite","Dolerophanite","Cu2+2OS6+O4","Cu2O(SO4)","Cu_2_O(SO_4_)","Cu^2+^_2_OS^6+^O_4_","Cu O S"," "," ",1689,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^2+ O S^6+","Dph","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Dollaseite-(Ce)","Dollaseite-(Ce)","CaCe3+Mg2Al(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)F","CaCe(Mg2Al)[Si2O7][SiO4]F(OH)","CaCe(Mg_2_Al)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]F(OH)","CaCe^3+^Mg_2_Al(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)F","Ca Ce Mg Al Si O F H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1690,"Dollaseite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Ce^3+ Mg Al Si O H F","Dls-Ce","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Dolomite","Dolomite","CaMg(CO3)2","CaMg(CO3)2","CaMg(CO_3_)_2_","CaMg(CO_3_)_2_","Ca Mg C O"," "," ",1691,"Calcite-Dolomite","hexagonal","R3, R3c","Ca Mg C O","Dol","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere, PM44 - Anoxic microbially-mediated minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Doloresite","Doloresite","V4+3O4(OH)4","V4+3O4(OH)4","V^4+^_3_O_4_(OH)_4_","V^4+^_3_O_4_(OH)_4_","V O H"," "," ",1692," ","monoclinic","C2/m","V^4+ O H","Dlr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Domerockite","Domerockite","Cu2+4(As5+O4)(As5+O3OH)(OH)3·H2O","Cu4(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)3·H2O","Cu_4_(AsO_4_)(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_3_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_3_·H_2_O","Cu As O H","IMA2009-016"," ",5745,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Dom","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Domeykite","Domeykite","Cu3As","Cu3As","Cu_3_As","Cu_3_As","Cu As"," "," ",5093,"Domeykite","cubic","I43d","Cu As","Do","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Domitrovicite","Domitrovicite","Zn2+(C2H3O3)1-2·2H2O","Zn(C2H3O3)2·2H2O","Zn(C_2_H_3_O_3_)_2_·2H_2_O","Zn^2+^(C_2_H_3_O_3_)^1-^_2_·2H_2_O","Zn C H O","IMA2023-125"," ",7470,"Glycolate, Stanevansite","monoclinic","P21/c","Zn^2+ C H O"," ",,"No" +"Donbassite","Donbassite","Al2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2·Al2.33(OH)6","Al2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2·Al2.33(OH)6","Al_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_·Al_2.33_(OH)_6_","Al_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_·Al_2.33_(OH)_6_","Al Si O H"," "," ",5180,"Clay, Chlorite","monoclinic","C2","Al Si O H","Dbs","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM43 - Shear-induced minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Dondoellite","Dondoellite","Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2·2H2O","Ca2Fe(PO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Fe(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Fe P O H","IMA2021-048"," ",7128,"Fairfieldite","triclinic","P1","Ca Fe^2+ P O H","Ddl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Dongchuanite","Dongchuanite","Pb2+4Zn2+Zn2+2(PO4)4(OH)2","Pb4ZnZn2(PO4)4(OH)2","Pb_4_ZnZn_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_4_Zn^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Pb Zn P O H","IMA2021-058"," ",7163,"Dongchuanite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ P O H","Dc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Donharrisite","Donharrisite","Ni3HgS3","Ni3HgS3","Ni_3_HgS_3_","Ni_3_HgS_3_","Ni Hg S","IMA1987-007"," ",1694," ","monoclinic",,"Ni Hg S","Dhr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Donnayite-(Y)","Donnayite-(Y)","NaSr3CaY(CO3)6·3H2O","NaSr3CaY(CO3)6·3H2O","NaSr_3_CaY(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","NaSr_3_CaY(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na Sr Ca Y C O H","IMA1978-007, IMA1987 s.p."," ",1695,"Mckelveyite","triclinic, hexagonal","P1, R3m","Na Sr Ca Y C O H","Dna-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Donowensite","Donowensite","Ca(H2O)3Fe3+2(V5+2O7)2","Ca(H2O)3Fe3+2(V2O7)2","Ca(H_2_O)_3_Fe^3+^_2_(V_2_O_7_)_2_","Ca(H_2_O)_3_Fe^3+^_2_(V^5+^_2_O_7_)_2_","Ca H O Fe V","IMA2020-067"," ",7083,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca H O Fe^3+ V^5+","Dnw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Donpeacorite","Donpeacorite","Mn2+MgSi2O6","(Mn,Mg)MgSi2O6","(Mn,Mg)MgSi_2_O_6_","Mn^2+^MgSi_2_O_6_","Mn Mg Si O","IMA1982-045"," ",1696,"Pyroxene","orthorhombic","Pbca","Mn^2+ Mg Si O","Don","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Donwilhelmsite","Donwilhelmsite","CaAl4Si2O11","CaAl4Si2O11","CaAl_4_Si_2_O_11_","CaAl_4_Si_2_O_11_","Ca Al Si O","IMA2018-113"," ",6850," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ca Al Si O","Dwh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Dorallcharite","Dorallcharite","Tl1+Fe3+3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","TlFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6","TlFe^3+^_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Tl^1+^Fe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Tl Fe S O H","IMA1992-041"," ",1697,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Tl^1+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Drc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dorfmanite","Dorfmanite","Na2(PO3OH)·2H2O","Na2(PO3OH)·2H2O","Na_2_(PO_3_OH)·2H_2_O","Na_2_(PO_3_OH)·2H_2_O","Na P O H","IMA1979-053"," ",1698," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Na P O H","Dfm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dorrite","Dorrite","Ca4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4[Si3Al8Fe3+O36]","Ca4[Mg3Fe3+9]O4[Si3Al8Fe3+O36]","Ca_4_[Mg_3_Fe^3+^_9_]O_4_[Si_3_Al_8_Fe^3+^O_36_]","Ca_4_(Mg_3_Fe^3+^_9_)O_4_[Si_3_Al_8_Fe^3+^O_36_]","Ca Mg Fe O Si Al","IMA1987-054"," ",1699,"Sapphirine","triclinic",,"Ca Mg Fe^3+ O Si Al","Dor","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Douglasite","Douglasite","K2Fe2+Cl4·2H2O","K2Fe2+Cl4·2H2O","K_2_Fe^2+^Cl_4_·2H_2_O","K_2_Fe^2+^Cl_4_·2H_2_O","K Fe Cl H O"," "," ",1700," ",,,"K Fe^2+ Cl H O","Dgl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Dovyrenite","Dovyrenite","Ca6Zr4+(Si2O7)2(OH)4","Ca6Zr(Si2O7)2(OH)4","Ca_6_Zr(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_4_","Ca_6_Zr^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_4_","Ca Zr Si O H","IMA2007-002"," ",5568," ","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Ca Zr^4+ Si O H","Dov","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Downeyite","Downeyite","Se4+O2","SeO2","SeO_2_","Se^4+^O_2_","Se O","IMA1974-063"," ",1701," ","tetragonal","P42/mbc","Se^4+ O","Dny","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Downsite","Downsite","K2(Mo6+O3)3(S6+O4)·4H2O","K2(MoO3)3(SO4)·4H2O","K_2_(MoO_3_)_3_(SO_4_)·4H_2_O","K_2_(Mo^6+^O_3_)_3_(S^6+^O_4_)·4H_2_O","K Mo O S H","IMA2022-119"," ",7276,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mo^6+ O S^6+ H","Dwn",,"No" +"Doyleite","Doyleite","Al(OH)3","Al(OH)3","Al(OH)_3_","Al(OH)_3_","Al O H","IMA1980-041"," ",1702," ","triclinic","P1","Al O H","Doy","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Dozyite","Dozyite","Mg7Al2(Si4Al2)O15(OH)12","Mg7Al2(Si4Al2)O15(OH)12","Mg_7_Al_2_(Si_4_Al_2_)O_15_(OH)_12_","Mg_7_Al_2_(Si_4_Al_2_)O_15_(OH)_12_","Mg Al Si O H","IMA1993-042"," ",1703,"Corrensite, Clay","monoclinic","Cm","Mg Al Si O H","Doz","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Dravertite","Dravertite","Cu2+Mg(S6+O4)2","CuMg(SO4)2","CuMg(SO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^Mg(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Cu Mg S O","IMA2014-104"," ",6403,"Zinkosite","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^2+ Mg S^6+ O","Dra","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Dravite","Dravite","NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH","NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","NaMg_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","NaMg_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_OH","Na Mg Al Si O B H"," "," ",1704,"Tourmaline","hexagonal, triclinic","R3m, P1","Na Mg Al Si O B H","Drv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Drechslerite","Drechslerite","Tl1+4(Sb3+4-xAs3+x)S2-8 (1 < x < 2)","Tl4(Sb4-xAsx)S8 (1 < x < 2)","Tl_4_(Sb_4-x_As_x_)S_8_ (1 < x < 2)","Tl^1+^_4_(Sb^3+^_4-x_As^3+^_x_)S^2-^_8_ (1 < x < 2)","Tl Sb As S","IMA2019-061"," ",6949,"Weissbergite","triclinic","P1","Tl^1+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Dre","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Dresserite","Dresserite","Ba2Al4(CO3)4(OH)8·3H2O","Ba2Al4(CO3)4(OH)8·3H2O","Ba_2_Al_4_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_8_·3H_2_O","Ba_2_Al_4_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_8_·3H_2_O","Ba Al C O H","IMA1968-027"," ",1705,"Dundasite","orthorhombic",,"Ba Al C O H","Dsr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Dreyerite","Dreyerite","Bi3+V5+O4","Bi(VO4)","Bi(VO_4_)","Bi^3+^V^5+^O_4_","Bi V O","IMA1978-077"," ",1706,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Bi^3+ V^5+ O","Dye","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Driekopite","Driekopite","PtBi","PtBi","PtBi","PtBi","Pt Bi","IMA2022-058"," ",7281,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Pt Bi","Dkp",,"No" +"Dritsite","Dritsite","Li2Al4(OH)12Cl2·3H2O","Li2Al4(OH)12Cl2·3H2O","Li_2_Al_4_(OH)_12_Cl_2_·3H_2_O","Li_2_Al_4_(OH)_12_Cl_2_·3H_2_O","Li Al O H Cl","IMA2019-017"," ",6896,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P63/mcm","Li Al O H Cl","Drt","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Drobecite","Drobecite","Cd2+S6+O4·4H2O","Cd(SO4)·4H2O","Cd(SO_4_)·4H_2_O","Cd^2+^S^6+^O_4_·4H_2_O","Cd S O H","IMA2002-034"," ",5197,"Starkeyite","monoclinic","P21/n","Cd^2+ S^6+ O H","Dro","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Droninoite","Droninoite","Ni2+3Fe3+(OH)8Cl·2H2O","Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2·4H2O","Ni_6_Fe^3+^_2_(OH)_16_Cl_2_·4H_2_O","Ni^2+^_3_Fe^3+^(OH)_8_Cl·2H_2_O","Ni Fe O H Cl","IMA2008-003"," ",5662,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Ni^2+ Fe^3+ O H Cl","Dr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Drugmanite","Drugmanite","Pb2+2Fe3+(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)2","Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)2","Pb_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","Pb Fe P O H","IMA1978-081"," ",1707," ","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/a","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Dru","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Drysdallite","Drysdallite","Mo4+Se2-2","MoSe2","MoSe_2_","Mo^4+^Se^2-^_2_","Mo Se","IMA1973-027"," ",1708,"Molybdenite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Mo^4+ Se^2-","Dry","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Dualite","Dualite","Na30(Ca,Na,Ce3+,Sr)12(Na,Mn2+,Fe2+,Ti4+)6Zr4+3Ti4+3Mn2+Si51O144(OH,H2O,Cl)9","Na30(Ca,Na,Ce,Sr)12(Na,Mn,Fe,Ti)6Zr3Ti3MnSi51O144(OH,H2O,Cl)9","Na_30_(Ca,Na,Ce,Sr)_12_(Na,Mn,Fe,Ti)_6_Zr_3_Ti_3_MnSi_51_O_144_(OH,H_2_O,Cl)_9_","Na_30_(Ca,Na,Ce^3+^,Sr)_12_(Na,Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^,Ti^4+^)_6_Zr^4+^_3_Ti^4+^_3_Mn^2+^Si_51_O_144_(OH,H_2_O,Cl)_9_","Na Ca Ce Sr Mn Fe Ti Zr Si O H Cl","IMA2005-019"," ",5575,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ca Ce^3+ Sr Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Zr^4+ Si O H Cl","Dua","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Dubińskaite","Dubinskaite","Ca4Sc2Al4[Be2Si8O30](OH)2","Ca4Sc2Al4[Be2Si8O30](OH)2","Ca_4_Sc_2_Al_4_[Be_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_","Ca_4_Sc_2_Al_4_[Be_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_","Ca Sc Al Be Si O H","IMA2024-035"," ",7499,"Axinite","triclinic","P1","Ca Sc Al Be Si O H","Dub",,"No" +"Dufrénite","Dufrenite","Ca0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","Ca0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","Ca_0.5_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Ca_0.5_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Ca Fe P O H"," "," ",1709,"Dufrénite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Dfr","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dufrénoysite","Dufrenoysite","Pb2+2As3+2S2-5","Pb2As2S5","Pb_2_As_2_S_5_","Pb^2+^_2_As^3+^_2_S^2-^_5_","Pb As S"," "," ",1710,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21","Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Duf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Duftite","Duftite","Pb2+Cu2+As5+O4(OH)","PbCu(AsO4)(OH)","PbCu(AsO_4_)(OH)","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Pb Cu As O H"," "," ",4899,"Adelite","orthorhombic","P212121","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Dft","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dugganite","Dugganite","Pb2+3Zn2+3(Te6+O6)(As5+O4)2","Pb3Zn3(TeO6)(AsO4)2","Pb_3_Zn_3_(TeO_6_)(AsO_4_)_2_","Pb^2+^_3_Zn^2+^_3_(Te^6+^O_6_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_","Pb Zn Te O As","IMA1978-034"," ",1711,"Dugganite","hexagonal","P321","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Te^6+ O As^5+","Dug","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dukeite","Dukeite","Bi3+24Cr6+8O57(OH)6·3H2O","Bi3+24Cr6+8O57(OH)6·3H2O","Bi^3+^_24_Cr^6+^_8_O_57_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Bi^3+^_24_Cr^6+^_8_O_57_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Bi Cr O H","IMA1999-021"," ",1712," ","hexagonal","P31c","Bi^3+ Cr^6+ O H","Duk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dulanggouite","Dulanggouite","Bi6Te3","Bi6Te3","Bi_6_Te_3_","Bi_6_Te_3_","Bi Te","IMA2024-067"," ",7528," ","hexagonal","P3m1","Bi Te","Dlg",,"No" +"Dumontite","Dumontite","Pb2+2(U6+O2)3(PO4)2O2·5H2O","Pb2(UO2)3O2(PO4)2·5H2O","Pb_2_(UO_2_)_3_O_2_(PO_4_)_2_·5H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_O_2_·5H_2_O","Pb U O P H"," "," ",1713," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ U^6+ O P H","Dmt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dumortierite","Dumortierite","AlAl6BSi3O18","AlAl6BSi3O18","AlAl_6_BSi_3_O_18_","AlAl_6_BSi_3_O_18_","Al B Si O","IMA2013 s.p."," ",1714,"Dumortierite","orthorhombic","Pmcn, Pnma","Al B Si O","Dum","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Dundasite","Dundasite","Pb2+Al2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O","PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O","PbAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Pb^2+^Al_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Pb Al C O H"," "," ",1715,"Dundasite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Pb^2+ Al C O H","Dun","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Durangite","Durangite","NaAlAs5+O4F","NaAl(AsO4)F","NaAl(AsO_4_)F","NaAlAs^5+^O_4_F","Na Al As O F"," "," ",1716,"Titanite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Al As^5+ O F","Dur","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Duranusite","Duranusite","As4S","As4S","As_4_S","As_4_S","As S","IMA1973-003"," ",1717," ","orthorhombic",,"As S","Du","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Dusmatovite","Dusmatovite","KK2Mn2+2(Zn2+2LiSi12)O30","KK2Mn2(Zn2LiSi12)O30","KK_2_Mn_2_(Zn_2_LiSi_12_)O_30_","KK_2_Mn^2+^_2_(Zn^2+^_2_LiSi_12_)O_30_","K Mn Zn Li Si O","IMA1994-010"," ",1718,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Mn^2+ Zn^2+ Li Si O","Dus","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Dussertite","Dussertite","BaFe3+3(As5+O4)(As5+O3OH)(OH)6","BaFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6","BaFe^3+^_3_(AsO_4_)(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","BaFe^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Ba Fe As O H","IMA1999 s.p."," ",1719,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Dst","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Dutkevichite-(Ce)","Dutkevichite-(Ce)","NaZn2+Ba2Ce3+2Ti4+2Si8O26F·H2O","NaZnBa2Ce2Ti2Si8O26F·H2O","NaZnBa_2_Ce_2_Ti_2_Si_8_O_26_F·H_2_O","NaZn^2+^Ba_2_Ce^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_2_Si_8_O_26_F·H_2_O","Na Zn Ba Ce Ti Si O F H","IMA2019-102"," ",6988,"Joaquinite","orthorhombic","Ama2","Na Zn^2+ Ba Ce^3+ Ti^4+ Si O F H","Dut-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Dutrowite","Dutrowite","Na(Fe2+2.5Ti4+0.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","Na(Fe2+2.5Ti0.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","Na(Fe^2+^_2.5_Ti_0.5_)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na(Fe^2+^_2.5_Ti^4+^_0.5_)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na Fe Ti Al Si O B H","IMA2019-082"," ",6970,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Al Si O B H","Dtw","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Duttonite","Duttonite","V4+O(OH)2","V4+O(OH)2","V^4+^O(OH)_2_","V^4+^O(OH)_2_","V O H"," "," ",1720," ","monoclinic","I2/c","V^4+ O H","Dtn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dwornikite","Dwornikite","Ni2+S6+O4·H2O","Ni(SO4)·H2O","Ni(SO_4_)·H_2_O","Ni^2+^S^6+^O_4_·H_2_O","Ni S O H","IMA1981-031"," ",1721,"Kieserite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ni^2+ S^6+ O H","Dwo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dymkovite","Dymkovite","Ni2+(U6+O2)2(As3+O3)2·7H2O","Ni(UO2)2(As3+O3)2·7H2O","Ni(UO_2_)_2_(As^3+^O_3_)_2_·7H_2_O","Ni^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^3+^O_3_)_2_·7H_2_O","Ni U O As H","IMA2010-087"," ",5929,"Seelite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ni^2+ U^6+ O As^3+ H","Dym","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dypingite","Dypingite","Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O","Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O","Mg_5_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Mg_5_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Mg C O H","IMA1970-011"," ",1722," ",,,"Mg C O H","Dyp","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Dyrnaesite-(La)","Dyrnaesite-(La)","Na8Ce4+(La3+,REE)2(PO4)6","Na8Ce4+(La,REE)2(PO4)6","Na_8_Ce^4+^(La,REE)_2_(PO_4_)_6_","Na_8_Ce^4+^(La^3+^,REE)_2_(PO_4_)_6_","Na Ce La REE P O","IMA2014-070"," ",6369,"Vitusite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Na Ce^4+ La^3+ REE P O","Dyr-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Dyscrasite","Dyscrasite","Ag3.2Sb0.8","Ag3+xSb1-x (x ≈ 0.2)","Ag_3+x_Sb_1-x_ (x ≈ 0.2)","Ag_3.2_Sb_0.8_","Ag Sb"," "," ",1723,"Allargentum","orthorhombic","Pm2m, Pmm2","Ag Sb","Dys","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Dzhalindite","Dzhalindite","In3+(OH)3","In(OH)3","In(OH)_3_","In^3+^(OH)_3_","In O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1724,"Perovskite","cubic","Im3","In^3+ O H","Dz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Dzharkenite","Dzharkenite","Fe2+(Se2)2-","FeSe2","FeSe_2_","Fe^2+^(Se_2_)^2-^","Fe Se","IMA1993-054"," ",1725,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Fe^2+ Se","Dzh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Dzhuluite","Dzhuluite","Ca3(Sn4+Sb5+)Fe3+3O12","Ca3(SbSn)(Fe3+O4)3","Ca_3_(SbSn)(Fe^3+^O_4_)_3_","Ca_3_(Sn^4+^Sb^5+^)Fe^3+^_3_O_12_","Ca Sb Sn Fe O","IMA2010-064"," ",5904,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Sn^4+ Sb^5+ Fe^3+ O","Dzl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Dzierżanowskite","Dzierzanowskite","CaCu2S2","CaCu2S2","CaCu_2_S_2_","CaCu_2_S_2_","Ca Cu S","IMA2014-032"," ",6318," ","hexagonal","P3m1","Ca Cu S","Dża","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Eakerite","Eakerite","Ca2Sn4+Al2Si6O18(OH)2·2H2O","Ca2Sn4+Al2Si6O18(OH)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Sn^4+^Al_2_Si_6_O_18_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Sn^4+^Al_2_Si_6_O_18_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Sn Al Si O H","IMA1969-019"," ",1726," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Sn^4+ Al Si O H","Ea","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Earlandite","Earlandite","Ca3(C6H5O7)3-2·4H2O","Ca3(C6H5O7)2·4H2O","Ca_3_(C_6_H_5_O_7_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_3_(C_6_H_5_O_7_)^3-^_2_·4H_2_O","Ca C H O"," "," ",1727,"Citrate","orthorhombic, triclinic","P1","Ca C H O","Ear","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Earlshannonite","Earlshannonite","Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn Fe P O H","IMA1983-010"," ",1728,"Arthurite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Esn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Eastonite","Eastonite","KAlMg2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","KAlMg2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","KAlMg_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","KAlMg_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","K Al Mg Si O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",1729,"Mica","monoclinic",,"K Al Mg Si O H","Eas","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ebnerite","Ebnerite","(N3-H4)Zn2+(PO4)","(NH4)Zn(PO4)","(NH_4_)Zn(PO_4_)","(N^3-^H_4_)Zn^2+^(PO_4_)","N H Zn P O","IMA2022-123"," ",7340,"Tridymite-Nepheline","hexagonal","P63","N^3- H Zn^2+ P O","Ebr",,"No" +"Ecandrewsite","Ecandrewsite","Zn2+Ti4+O3","ZnTiO3","ZnTiO_3_","Zn^2+^Ti^4+^O_3_","Zn Ti O","IMA1978-082"," ",1730,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3","Zn^2+ Ti^4+ O","Ec","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ecdemite","Ecdemite","Pb2+6As3+2O7Cl4","Pb6As3+2O7Cl4","Pb_6_As^3+^_2_O_7_Cl_4_","Pb^2+^_6_As^3+^_2_O_7_Cl_4_","Pb As O Cl"," "," ",1731," ","tetragonal",,"Pb^2+ As^3+ O Cl","Ecd","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Eckerite","Eckerite","Ag1+2Cu1+As3+S2-3","Ag2CuAsS3","Ag_2_CuAsS_3_","Ag^1+^_2_Cu^1+^As^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag Cu As S","IMA2014-063"," ",6362,"Xanthoconite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Ekr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Eckermannite","Eckermannite","NaNa2(Mg4Al)Si8O22(OH)2","NaNa2(Mg4Al)Si8O22(OH)2","NaNa_2_(Mg_4_Al)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","NaNa_2_(Mg_4_Al)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Mg Al Si O H","IMA2013-136"," ",1732,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Al Si O H","Eck","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Eckhardite","Eckhardite","(Ca,Pb2+)Cu2+Te6+O5·H2O","(Ca,Pb)Cu2+Te6+O5(H2O)","(Ca,Pb)Cu^2+^Te^6+^O_5_(H_2_O)","(Ca,Pb^2+^)Cu^2+^Te^6+^O_5_·H_2_O","Ca Pb Cu Te O H","IMA2012-085"," ",6148,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H","Ehd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Eclarite","Eclarite","(Cu2+,Fe2+)Pb2+9Bi3+12S2-28","(Cu,Fe)Pb9Bi12S28","(Cu,Fe)Pb_9_Bi_12_S_28_","(Cu^2+^,Fe^2+^)Pb^2+^_9_Bi^3+^_12_S^2-^_28_","Cu Fe Pb Bi S","IMA1982-092"," ",1733,"Kobellite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pmcn","Cu^2+ Fe^2+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Ecl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Écrinsite","Ecrinsite","Ag1+Tl1+3Pb2+4As3+11Sb3+9S2-36","AgTl3Pb4As11Sb9S36","AgTl_3_Pb_4_As_11_Sb_9_S_36_","Ag^1+^Tl^1+^_3_Pb^2+^_4_As^3+^_11_Sb^3+^_9_S^2-^_36_","Ag Tl Pb As Sb S","IMA2015-099"," ",6497,"Sartorite","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Écr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Eddavidite","Eddavidite","Cu2+12Pb4+2O15Br2","Cu12Pb2O15Br2","Cu_12_Pb_2_O_15_Br_2_","Cu^2+^_12_Pb^4+^_2_O_15_Br_2_","Cu Pb O Br","IMA2018-010"," ",6712,"Murdochite","cubic","Fm3m, Fm3m","Cu^2+ Pb^4+ O Br","Edv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Edenharterite","Edenharterite","Tl1+Pb2+As3+3S2-6","TlPbAs3S6","TlPbAs_3_S_6_","Tl^1+^Pb^2+^As^3+^_3_S^2-^_6_","Tl Pb As S","IMA1987-026"," ",1734," ","orthorhombic","Fdd2","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Eht","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Edenite","Edenite","NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","NaCa_2_Mg_5_(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaCa_2_Mg_5_(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Si Al O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",1735,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Si Al O H","Ed","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Edgarbaileyite","Edgarbaileyite","Hg1+6Si2O7","Hg1+6Si2O7","Hg^1+^_6_Si_2_O_7_","Hg^1+^_6_Si_2_O_7_","Hg Si O","IMA1988-028"," ",1736," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Hg^1+ Si O","Ebl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Edgarite","Edgarite","Fe3+Nb3+3S2-6","FeNb3S6","FeNb_3_S_6_","Fe^3+^Nb^3+^_3_S^2-^_6_","Fe Nb S","IMA1995-017"," ",1737," ","hexagonal","P6322","Fe^3+ Nb^3+ S^2-","Edg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Edgrewite","Edgrewite","Ca9(SiO4)4F2","Ca9(SiO4)4F2","Ca_9_(SiO_4_)_4_F_2_","Ca_9_(SiO_4_)_4_F_2_","Ca Si O F","IMA2011-058"," ",6002,"Humite","monoclinic","P21/b","Ca Si O F","Egr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Edingtonite","Edingtonite","Ba(Si3Al2)O10·4H2O","Ba(Si3Al2)O10·4H2O","Ba(Si_3_Al_2_)O_10_·4H_2_O","Ba(Si_3_Al_2_)O_10_·4H_2_O","Ba Si Al O H"," "," ",1738,"Edingtonite","tetragonal, orthorhombic","P421m, P21212","Ba Si Al O H","Edi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Edoylerite","Edoylerite","Hg2+3(Cr6+O4)S2-2","Hg2+3(Cr6+O4)S2","Hg^2+^_3_(Cr^6+^O_4_)S_2_","Hg^2+^_3_(Cr^6+^O_4_)S^2-^_2_","Hg Cr O S","IMA1987-008"," ",1739," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Hg^2+ Cr^6+ O S^2-","Eoy","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Edscottite","Edscottite","Fe5C2","Fe5C2","Fe_5_C_2_","Fe_5_C_2_","Fe C","IMA2018-086a"," ",6861," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Fe C","Est","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Edtollite","Edtollite","K2NaCu2+5Fe3+O2(As5+O4)4","K2NaCu5Fe3+O2(AsO4)4","K_2_NaCu_5_Fe^3+^O_2_(AsO_4_)_4_","K_2_NaCu^2+^_5_Fe^3+^O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_","K Na Cu Fe O As","IMA2016-010"," ",6537,"Edtollite","triclinic","P1","K Na Cu^2+ Fe^3+ O As^5+","Edt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Edwardsite","Edwardsite","Cu2+3Cd2+2(S6+O4)2(OH)6·4H2O","Cu3Cd2(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O","Cu_3_Cd_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_Cd^2+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Cu Cd S O H","IMA2009-048"," ",5777,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Cd^2+ S^6+ O H","Edw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Edwindavisite","Edwindavisite","Cu2+((C2)6+O4)(N3-H3)","Cu(C2O4)(NH3)","Cu(C_2_O_4_)(NH_3_)","Cu^2+^((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)(N^3-^H_3_)","Cu C O N H","IMA2023-056"," ",7370,"Oxalate","orthorhombic","Pbca","Cu^2+ C O N^3- H","Ewd",,"No" +"Effenbergerite","Effenbergerite","BaCu2+Si4O10","BaCuSi4O10","BaCuSi_4_O_10_","BaCu^2+^Si_4_O_10_","Ba Cu Si O","IMA1993-036"," ",1740,"Gillespite","tetragonal","P4/ncc","Ba Cu^2+ Si O","Efb","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Efremovite","Efremovite","(N3-H4)2Mg2(S6+O4)3","(NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3","(NH_4_)_2_Mg_2_(SO_4_)_3_","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Mg_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","N H Mg S O","IMA1987-033a"," ",1741,"Langbeinite","cubic","P213","N^3- H Mg S^6+ O","Efr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Eggletonite","Eggletonite","(Na,K,Ca)1-2Mn2+6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4·7-11H2O","(Na,K,Ca)xMn6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4·nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)","(Na,K,Ca)_x_Mn_6_(Si,Al)_10_O_24_(OH)_4_·nH_2_O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)","(Na,K,Ca)_1-2_Mn^2+^_6_(Si,Al)_10_O_24_(OH)_4_·7-11H_2_O","Na K Ca Mn Si Al O H","IMA1982-059"," ",1742,"Clay","monoclinic",,"Na K Ca Mn^2+ Si Al O H","Egg","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Eglestonite","Eglestonite","Hg1+6OCl3(OH)","([Hg1+]2)3OCl3(OH)","([Hg^1+^]_2_)_3_OCl_3_(OH)","Hg^1+^_6_OCl_3_(OH)","Hg O Cl H"," "," ",4917," ","cubic","Ia3d","Hg^1+ O Cl H","Egl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ehrigite","Ehrigite","Bi8Te3","Bi8Te3","Bi_8_Te_3_","Bi_8_Te_3_","Bi Te","IMA2023-074"," ",7421,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","R3m","Bi Te","Ehg",,"No" +"Ehrleite","Ehrleite","Ca2Zn2+Be(PO4)2(PO3OH)·4H2O","Ca2ZnBe(PO4)2(PO3OH)·4H2O","Ca_2_ZnBe(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)·4H_2_O","Ca_2_Zn^2+^Be(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)·4H_2_O","Ca Zn Be P O H","IMA1983-039"," ",1743," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Zn^2+ Be P O H","Ehr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Eifelite","Eifelite","KNa2(MgNa)(Mg3Si12)O30","KNa2(MgNa)(Mg3Si12)O30","KNa_2_(MgNa)(Mg_3_Si_12_)O_30_","KNa_2_(MgNa)(Mg_3_Si_12_)O_30_","K Na Mg Si O","IMA1980-097"," ",1744,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Na Mg Si O","Eif","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Eirikite","Eirikite","KNa6Be2(Si15Al3)O39F2","KNa6Be2(Si15Al3)O39F2","KNa_6_Be_2_(Si_15_Al_3_)O_39_F_2_","KNa_6_Be_2_(Si_15_Al_3_)O_39_F_2_","K Na Be Si Al O F","IMA2007-017"," ",5621,"Leifite","hexagonal","P3m1","K Na Be Si Al O F","Eir","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Eitelite","Eitelite","Na2Mg(CO3)2","Na2Mg(CO3)2","Na_2_Mg(CO_3_)_2_","Na_2_Mg(CO_3_)_2_","Na Mg C O"," "," ",1745," ","hexagonal","R3","Na Mg C O","Eit","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Ekanite","Ekanite","Ca2Th4+Si8O20","Ca2ThSi8O20","Ca_2_ThSi_8_O_20_","Ca_2_Th^4+^Si_8_O_20_","Ca Th Si O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1746,"Amorphous","tetragonal","P4/mcc, I422","Ca Th^4+ Si O","Ek","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ekaterinite","Ekaterinite","Ca2B4O7Cl2·2H2O","Ca2B4O7Cl2·2H2O","Ca_2_B_4_O_7_Cl_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_B_4_O_7_Cl_2_·2H_2_O","Ca B O Cl H","IMA1979-067"," ",1747," ","hexagonal",,"Ca B O Cl H","Eka","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Ekatite","Ekatite","(Fe3+,Fe2+,Zn2+)12(As3+O3)6(As3+O3,SiO3OH)2(OH)6","(Fe3+,Fe2+,Zn)12(AsO3)6(AsO3,SiO3OH)2(OH)6","(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Zn)_12_(AsO_3_)_6_(AsO_3_,SiO_3_OH)_2_(OH)_6_","(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Zn^2+^)_12_(As^3+^O_3_)_6_(As^3+^O_3_,SiO_3_OH)_2_(OH)_6_","Fe Zn As O Si H","IMA1998-024"," ",1748,"Ellenbergerite","hexagonal","P63mc","Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Zn^2+ As^3+ O Si H","Ekt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ekebergite","Ekebergite","Th4+Fe2+Nb5+2O8","ThFeNb2O8","ThFeNb_2_O_8_","Th^4+^Fe^2+^Nb^5+^_2_O_8_","Th Fe Nb O","IMA2018-088"," ",6817,"Columbite","monoclinic","P2/c","Th^4+ Fe^2+ Nb^5+ O","Ekb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ekplexite","Ekplexite","(Nb5+,Mo)S2·(Mg1-xAlx)(OH)2+x","(Nb,Mo)S2·(Mg1-xAlx)(OH)2+x","(Nb,Mo)S_2_·(Mg_1-x_Al_x_)(OH)_2+x_","(Nb^5+^,Mo)S_2_·(Mg_1-x_Al_x_)(OH)_2+x_","Nb Mo S Mg Al O H","IMA2011-082"," ",6024,"Valleriite","hexagonal",,"Nb^5+ Mo S Mg Al O H","Ekp","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Elaliite","Elaliite","(Fe2+8Fe3+)(PO4)O8","(Fe2+8Fe3+)(PO4)O8","(Fe^2+^_8_Fe^3+^)(PO_4_)O_8_","(Fe^2+^_8_Fe^3+^)(PO_4_)O_8_","Fe P O","IMA2022-087"," ",7306,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmmm","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O","Eal",,"No" +"Elasmochloite","Elasmochloite","Na3Cu2+6Bi3+O4(S6+O4)5","Na3Cu6BiO4(SO4)5","Na_3_Cu_6_BiO_4_(SO_4_)_5_","Na_3_Cu^2+^_6_Bi^3+^O_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_","Na Cu Bi O S","IMA2018-015"," ",6758,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Cu^2+ Bi^3+ O S^6+","Ela","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Elbaite","Elbaite","Na(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH","Na(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","Na(Al_1.5_Li_1.5_)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","Na(Al_1.5_Li_1.5_)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_OH","Na Al Li Si O B H","IMA2024-A"," ",1749,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Al Li Si O B H","Elb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Elbrusite","Elbrusite","Ca3(Zr4+1.5U6+0.5)Fe3+3O12","Ca3(U6+0.5Zr1.5)(Fe3+O4)3","Ca_3_(U^6+^_0.5_Zr_1.5_)(Fe^3+^O_4_)_3_","Ca_3_(Zr^4+^_1.5_U^6+^_0.5_)Fe^3+^_3_O_12_","Ca U Zr Fe O","IMA2009-051"," ",5780,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Zr^4+ U^6+ Fe^3+ O","Ebs","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Eldfellite","Eldfellite","NaFe3+(S6+O4)2","NaFe3+(SO4)2","NaFe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_","NaFe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Na Fe S O","IMA2007-051"," ",5651,"Zinkosite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Fe^3+ S^6+ O","Edf","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Eldragónite","Eldragonite","Cu6BiSe4(Se2)","Cu6BiSe4(Se2)","Cu_6_BiSe_4_(Se_2_)","Cu_6_BiSe_4_(Se_2_)","Cu Bi Se","IMA2010-077"," ",5916,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Cu Bi Se","Eld","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Eleomelanite","Eleomelanite","(K2Pb2+)Cu2+4O2(S6+O4)4","(K2Pb)Cu4O2(SO4)4","(K_2_Pb)Cu_4_O_2_(SO_4_)_4_","(K_2_Pb^2+^)Cu^2+^_4_O_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_","K Pb Cu O S","IMA2015-118"," ",6517," ","monoclinic","P21/n","K Pb^2+ Cu^2+ O S^6+","Elm","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Elgoresyite","Elgoresyite","(Mg5Si2)O9","(Mg5Si2)O9","(Mg_5_Si_2_)O_9_","(Mg_5_Si_2_)O_9_","Mg Si O","IMA2020-086"," ",7101,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Mg Si O","Ego","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Eliopoulosite","Eliopoulosite","V7S8","V7S8","V_7_S_8_","V_7_S_8_","V S","IMA2019-096"," ",6981,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P3221","V S","Epo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Eliseevite","Eliseevite","Na1.5Li{Ti4+2O2[Si4O10.5(OH)1.5]}·2H2O","Na1.5Li{Ti2O2[Si4O10.5(OH)1.5]}·2H2O","Na_1.5_Li{Ti_2_O_2_[Si_4_O_10.5_(OH)_1.5_]}·2H_2_O","Na_1.5_Li{Ti^4+^_2_O_2_[Si_4_O_10.5_(OH)_1.5_]}·2H_2_O","Na Li Ti O Si H","IMA2010-031"," ",5862," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Li Ti^4+ O Si H","Esv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Elkinstantonite","Elkinstantonite","Fe2+4(PO4)2O","Fe4(PO4)2O","Fe_4_(PO_4_)_2_O","Fe^2+^_4_(PO_4_)_2_O","Fe P O","IMA2022-088"," ",7308,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^2+ P O","Elk",,"No" +"Ellenbergerite","Ellenbergerite","Mg6(Mg,Ti4+,Zr4+,☐)2(Al,Mg)6Si8O28(OH)10","Mg6(Mg,Ti,Zr,☐)2(Al,Mg)6Si8O28(OH)10","Mg_6_(Mg,Ti,Zr,[box])_2_(Al,Mg)_6_Si_8_O_28_(OH)_10_","Mg_6_(Mg,Ti^4+^,Zr^4+^,[box])_2_(Al,Mg)_6_Si_8_O_28_(OH)_10_","Mg Ti Zr Al Si O H","IMA1984-066"," ",1750,"Ellenbergerite","hexagonal","P63","Mg Ti^4+ Zr^4+ Al Si O H","Ell","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Ellinaite","Ellinaite","CaCr3+2O4","CaCr2O4","CaCr_2_O_4_","CaCr^3+^_2_O_4_","Ca Cr O","IMA2019-091"," ",6977,"Spinel-Post-spinel","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca Cr^3+ O","El","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Ellingsenite","Ellingsenite","Na5Ca6Si18O38(OH)13·6H2O","Na5Ca6Si18O38(OH)13·6H2O","Na_5_Ca_6_Si_18_O_38_(OH)_13_·6H_2_O","Na_5_Ca_6_Si_18_O_38_(OH)_13_·6H_2_O","Na Ca Si O H","IMA2009-041"," ",5770," ","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Si O H","Elg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Elliottite","Elliottite","NaMgAl3(PO4)2F6·9H2O","NaMgAl3(PO4)2F6·9H2O","NaMgAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_F_6_·9H_2_O","NaMgAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_F_6_·9H_2_O","Na Mg Al P O F H","IMA2021-113"," ",7216," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Al P O F H","Eli",,"No" +"Ellisite","Ellisite","Tl1+3As3+S2-3","Tl3AsS3","Tl_3_AsS_3_","Tl^1+^_3_As^3+^S^2-^_3_","Tl As S","IMA1977-041"," ",1751," ","hexagonal","R3m","Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Els","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Elpasolite","Elpasolite","K2NaAlF6","K2NaAlF6","K_2_NaAlF_6_","K_2_NaAlF_6_","K Na Al F"," "," ",1752,"Perovskite","cubic","Pa3, Fm3m","K Na Al F","Elp","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Elpidite","Elpidite","Na2Zr4+Si6O15·3H2O","Na2ZrSi6O15·3H2O","Na_2_ZrSi_6_O_15_·3H_2_O","Na_2_Zr^4+^Si_6_O_15_·3H_2_O","Na Zr Si O H"," "," ",1753,"Elpidite","orthorhombic","Pbcm","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Epd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Eltyubyuite","Eltyubyuite","Ca6Fe3+5Si2O16Cl3","Ca12Fe3+10Si4O32Cl6","Ca_12_Fe^3+^_10_Si_4_O_32_Cl_6_","Ca_6_Fe^3+^_5_Si_2_O_16_Cl_3_","Ca Fe Si O Cl","IMA2011-022"," ",5950,"Mayenite","cubic","I43d","Ca Fe^3+ Si O Cl","Elt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Elyite","Elyite","Cu2+Pb2+4(S6+O4)O2(OH)4·H2O","CuPb4(SO4)O2(OH)4·H2O","CuPb_4_(SO_4_)O_2_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^Pb^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)O_2_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Cu Pb S O H","IMA1971-043"," ",1754," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ S^6+ O H","Ely","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Embreyite","Embreyite","Pb2+5(Cr6+O4)2(PO4)2·H2O","Pb5(CrO4)2(PO4)2·H2O","Pb_5_(CrO_4_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Pb^2+^_5_(Cr^6+^O_4_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Pb Cr O P H","IMA1971-048"," ",1755," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Cr^6+ O P H","Emb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Emeleusite","Emeleusite","Na2LiFe3+Si6O15","Na2LiFe3+Si6O15","Na_2_LiFe^3+^Si_6_O_15_","Na_2_LiFe^3+^Si_6_O_15_","Na Li Fe Si O","IMA1977-021"," ",1756," ","orthorhombic","Acam","Na Li Fe^3+ Si O","Eme","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Emilite","Emilite","Cu1+10.7Pb2+10.7Bi3+21.3S2-48","Cu10.7Pb10.7Bi21.3S48","Cu_10.7_Pb_10.7_Bi_21.3_S_48_","Cu^1+^_10.7_Pb^2+^_10.7_Bi^3+^_21.3_S^2-^_48_","Cu Pb Bi S","IMA2001-015"," ",1757,"Meneghinite","orthorhombic","Pmc21","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Emi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Emmerichite","Emmerichite","Ba2Ti4+2Na3Fe3+(Si2O7)2O2F2","Ba2Ti2Na3Fe3+(Si2O7)2O2F2","Ba_2_Ti_2_Na_3_Fe^3+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Ba_2_Ti^4+^_2_Na_3_Fe^3+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Ba Ti Na Fe Si O F","IMA2013-064"," ",6224,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba Ti^4+ Na Fe^3+ Si O F","Emr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Emmonsite","Emmonsite","Fe3+2(Te4+O3)3·2H2O","Fe3+2(Te4+O3)3·2H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·2H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·2H_2_O","Fe Te O H"," "," ",1758," ","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ Te^4+ O H","Ems","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Emplectite","Emplectite","Cu1+Bi3+S2-2","CuBiS2","CuBiS_2_","Cu^1+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_2_","Cu Bi S"," "," ",1759,"Chalcostibite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^1+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Emp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Empressite","Empressite","AgTe","AgTe","AgTe","AgTe","Ag Te","IMA1964 s.p."," ",1760," ","hexagonal, orthorhombic","P6/mmm, Pmnb","Ag Te","Eps","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Enargite","Enargite","Cu3AsS4","Cu3AsS4","Cu_3_AsS_4_","Cu_3_AsS_4_","Cu As S"," "," ",1761,"Enargite, Wurtzite","orthorhombic","Pmn21, Pnm21","Cu As S","Eng","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Engelhauptite","Engelhauptite","KCu2+3(V5+2O7)(OH)2Cl","KCu3(V2O7)(OH)2Cl","KCu_3_(V_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_Cl","KCu^2+^_3_(V^5+^_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_Cl","K Cu V O H Cl","IMA2013-009"," ",6172,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63/mmc","K Cu^2+ V^5+ O H Cl","Egh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Englishite","Englishite","K3Na2Ca10Al15(OH)7(PO4)21·26H2O","K3Na2Ca10Al15(OH)7(PO4)21·26H2O","K_3_Na_2_Ca_10_Al_15_(OH)_7_(PO_4_)_21_·26H_2_O","K_3_Na_2_Ca_10_Al_15_(OH)_7_(PO_4_)_21_·26H_2_O","K Na Ca Al O H P"," "," ",1762," ","monoclinic","A2/a","K Na Ca Al O H P","Egs","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Enneasartorite","Enneasartorite","Tl1+6Pb2+32As3+70S2-140","Tl6Pb32As70S140","Tl_6_Pb_32_As_70_S_140_","Tl^1+^_6_Pb^2+^_32_As^3+^_70_S^2-^_140_","Tl Pb As S","IMA2015-074"," ",6472,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/c","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Esat","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Enricofrancoite","Enricofrancoite","KNaCaSi4O10","KNaCaSi4O10","KNaCaSi_4_O_10_","KNaCaSi_4_O_10_","K Na Ca Si O","IMA2023-002"," ",7372,"Litidionite","triclinic","P1","K Na Ca Si O","Enf",,"No" +"Enstatite","Enstatite","MgSiO3","Mg2Si2O6","Mg_2_Si_2_O_6_","MgSiO_3_","Mg Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",1763,"Pyroxene","orthorhombic","Pbca","Mg Si O","En","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Eosphorite","Eosphorite","Mn2+AlPO4(OH)2·H2O","Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2O","Mn^2+^Al(PO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Mn^2+^AlPO_4_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Mn Al P O H"," "," ",1764,"Childrenite","orthorhombic","Bbam, Cmca","Mn^2+ Al P O H","Eos","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ephesite","Ephesite","NaLiAl2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","NaLiAl2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","NaLiAl_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","NaLiAl_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","Na Li Al Si O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",1765,"Mica","triclinic","C1","Na Li Al Si O H","Eph","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Epididymite","Epididymite","Na2Be2Si6O15·H2O","Na2Be2Si6O15·H2O","Na_2_Be_2_Si_6_O_15_·H_2_O","Na_2_Be_2_Si_6_O_15_·H_2_O","Na Be Si O H"," "," ",1766,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pnam","Na Be Si O H","Edd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Epidote","Epidote","Ca2Fe3+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","Ca2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","Ca_2_(Al_2_Fe^3+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","Ca_2_Fe^3+^Al_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Al Fe Si O H"," "," ",1767,"Epidote, Clinozoisite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Fe^3+ Al Si O H","Ep","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM43 - Shear-induced minerals","No" +"Epidote-(Sr)","Epidote-(Sr)","CaSrFe3+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaSr(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaSr(Al_2_Fe^3+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaSrFe^3+^Al_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Sr Al Fe Si O H","IMA2006-055"," ",5612,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Sr Fe^3+ Al Si O H","Ep-Sr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Epiebnerite","Epiebnerite","(N3-H4)Zn2+(PO4)","(NH4)Zn(PO4)","(NH_4_)Zn(PO_4_)","(N^3-^H_4_)Zn^2+^(PO_4_)","N H Zn P O","IMA2023-066"," ",7410,"Tridymite-Nepheline","monoclinic","P21","N^3- H Zn^2+ P O","Epb",,"No" +"Epifanovite","Epifanovite","NaCaCu2+5(PO4)4[As5+O2(OH)2]·7H2O","NaCaCu5(PO4)4[AsO2(OH)2]·7H2O","NaCaCu_5_(PO_4_)_4_[AsO_2_(OH)_2_]·7H_2_O","NaCaCu^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_[As^5+^O_2_(OH)_2_]·7H_2_O","Na Ca Cu P O As H","IMA2016-063"," ",6592,"Andyrobertsite","monoclinic","P21/m","Na Ca Cu^2+ P O As^5+ H","Efv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Epistilbite","Epistilbite","Ca3(Si18Al6)O48·16H2O","Ca3[Si18Al6O48]·16H2O","Ca_3_[Si_18_Al_6_O_48_]·16H_2_O","Ca_3_(Si_18_Al_6_)O_48_·16H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1768,"Mordenite","monoclinic, triclinic","C2/m, C1","Ca Si Al O H","Estb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Epistolite","Epistolite","(Na☐)Nb5+2Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4","(Na☐)Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4","(Na[box])Nb_2_Na_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","(Na[box])Nb^5+^_2_Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","Na Nb Ti Si O H","IMA2016 s.p."," ",1769,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","triclinic","P1","Na Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Epi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Epsomite","Epsomite","MgS6+O4·7H2O","Mg(SO4)·7H2O","Mg(SO_4_)·7H_2_O","MgS^6+^O_4_·7H_2_O","Mg S O H"," "," ",1770,"Epsomite","orthorhombic","P212121","Mg S^6+ O H","Esm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Erazoite","Erazoite","Cu4SnS6","Cu4SnS6","Cu_4_SnS_6_","Cu_4_SnS_6_","Cu Sn S","IMA2014-061"," ",6360,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3m","Cu Sn S","Erz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ercitite","Ercitite","NaMn3+PO4(OH)·2H2O","NaMn3+(PO4)(OH)·2H2O","NaMn^3+^(PO_4_)(OH)·2H_2_O","NaMn^3+^PO_4_(OH)·2H_2_O","Na Mn P O H","IMA1999-036"," ",1771," ","orthorhombic","Cmca","Na Mn^3+ P O H","Erc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Erdite","Erdite","NaFe3+S2-2·2H2O","NaFeS2·2H2O","NaFeS_2_·2H_2_O","NaFe^3+^S^2-^_2_·2H_2_O","Na Fe S H O","IMA1977-048"," ",1772," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Fe^3+ S^2- H O","Erd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ericaite","Ericaite","Fe2+3B7O13Cl","Fe2+3B7O13Cl","Fe^2+^_3_B_7_O_13_Cl","Fe^2+^_3_B_7_O_13_Cl","Fe B O Cl"," "," ",1773,"Boracite","orthorhombic","Pca21","Fe^2+ B O Cl","Eic","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Ericlaxmanite","Ericlaxmanite","Cu2+4O(As5+O4)2","Cu4O(AsO4)2","Cu_4_O(AsO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^_4_O(As^5+^O_4_)_2_","Cu O As","IMA2013-022"," ",6184,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ O As^5+","Elx","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Ericssonite","Ericssonite","BaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH)","BaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH)","BaMn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(Si_2_O_7_)O(OH)","BaMn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(Si_2_O_7_)O(OH)","Ba Mn Fe Si O H","IMA1966-013"," ",1774,"Ericssonite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","C2/m, Immm, Pnmn","Ba Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Ers","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Erikapohlite","Erikapohlite","(☐0.5Cu2+0.5)Cu2+CaZn2+2(As5+O4)3·H2O","(☐0.5Cu0.5)CuCaZn2(AsO4)3·H2O","([box]_0.5_Cu_0.5_)CuCaZn_2_(AsO_4_)_3_·H_2_O","([box]_0.5_Cu^2+^_0.5_)Cu^2+^CaZn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_·H_2_O","Cu Ca Zn As O H","IMA2010-090"," ",5931,"Alluaudite","monoclinic, unknown","C2/c","Cu^2+ Ca Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Erk","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Erikjonssonite","Erikjonssonite","(Pb2+32O21)[(V5+,Si,Mo6+,As5+)O4]4Cl9","(Pb32O21)[(V,Si,Mo,As)O4]4Cl9","(Pb_32_O_21_)[(V,Si,Mo,As)O_4_]_4_Cl_9_","(Pb^2+^_32_O_21_)[(V^5+^,Si,Mo^6+^,As^5+^)O_4_]_4_Cl_9_","Pb O V Si Mo As Cl","IMA2018-058"," ",6792,"Hereroite","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ O V^5+ Si Mo^6+ As^5+ Cl","Ejs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Eringaite","Eringaite","Ca3Sc2Si3O12","Ca3Sc2(SiO4)3","Ca_3_Sc_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Ca_3_Sc_2_Si_3_O_12_","Ca Sc Si O","IMA2009-054"," ",5783,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Sc Si O","Erg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Eriochalcite","Eriochalcite","Cu2+Cl2·2H2O","CuCl2·2H2O","CuCl_2_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^Cl_2_·2H_2_O","Cu Cl H O"," "," ",1775," ","orthorhombic","Pbmn","Cu^2+ Cl H O","Ech","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Erionite-Ca","Erionite-Ca","Ca5(Si26Al10O72)·30H2O","Ca5[Si26Al10O72]·30H2O","Ca_5_[Si_26_Al_10_O_72_]·30H_2_O","Ca_5_(Si_26_Al_10_O_72_)·30H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1776,"Erionite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ca Si Al O H","Eri-Ca","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Erionite-K","Erionite-K","K10(Si26Al10O72)·30H2O","K10[Si26Al10O72]·30H2O","K_10_[Si_26_Al_10_O_72_]·30H_2_O","K_10_(Si_26_Al_10_O_72_)·30H_2_O","K Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1777,"Erionite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","K Si Al O H","Eri-K","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Erionite-Na","Erionite-Na","Na10(Si26Al10O72)·30H2O","Na10[Si26Al10O72]·30H2O","Na_10_[Si_26_Al_10_O_72_]·30H_2_O","Na_10_(Si_26_Al_10_O_72_)·30H_2_O","Na Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1778,"Erionite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Na Si Al O H","Eri-Na","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Erlianite","Erlianite","Fe2+4Fe3+2Si6O15(OH)8","Fe2+4Fe3+2Si6O15(OH)8","Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_2_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_8_","Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_2_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_8_","Fe Si O H","IMA1985-042"," ",1779," ","orthorhombic",,"Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Ern","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Erlichmanite","Erlichmanite","Os2+(S2)2-","OsS2","OsS_2_","Os^2+^(S_2_)^2-^","Os S","IMA1970-048"," ",1780,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Os^2+ S","Erl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Ermakovite","Ermakovite","(N3-H4)(As3+2O3)2Br","(NH4)(As2O3)2Br","(NH_4_)(As_2_O_3_)_2_Br","(N^3-^H_4_)(As^3+^_2_O_3_)_2_Br","N H As O Br","IMA2020-054"," ",7066,"Lucabindiite","hexagonal","P6/mmm","N^3- H As^3+ O Br","Ekv","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Ermeloite","Ermeloite","Al(PO4)·H2O","Al(PO4)·H2O","Al(PO_4_)·H_2_O","Al(PO_4_)·H_2_O","Al P O H","IMA2021-017a"," ",7240,"Kieserite","monoclinic","C2/c","Al P O H","Erm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ernienickelite","Ernienickelite","Ni2+Mn4+3O7·3H2O","NiMn4+3O7·3H2O","NiMn^4+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O","Ni^2+^Mn^4+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O","Ni Mn O H","IMA1993-002"," ",1781," ","hexagonal","R3","Ni^2+ Mn^4+ O H","Enk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Erniggliite","Erniggliite","Tl1+2Sn4+As3+2S2-6","Tl2SnAs2S6","Tl_2_SnAs_2_S_6_","Tl^1+^_2_Sn^4+^As^3+^_2_S^2-^_6_","Tl Sn As S","IMA1987-025"," ",1782," ","hexagonal","P3","Tl^1+ Sn^4+ As^3+ S^2-","Eni","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ernstburkeite","Ernstburkeite","Mg(CH3S6+O3)2·12H2O","Mg(CH3SO3)2·12H2O","Mg(CH_3_SO_3_)_2_·12H_2_O","Mg(CH_3_S^6+^O_3_)_2_·12H_2_O","Mg C H S O","IMA2010-059"," ",5912," ","hexagonal","R3","Mg C H S^6+ O","Ebu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM18 - Minerals formed by freezing","No" +"Ernstite","Ernstite","(Mn2+,Fe3+)AlPO4(OH,O)2","(Mn2+,Fe3+)Al(PO4)(OH,O)2","(Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^)Al(PO_4_)(OH,O)_2_","(Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^)AlPO_4_(OH,O)_2_","Mn Fe Al P O H","IMA1970-012"," ",1783,"Childrenite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","Bbam","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Al P O H","Ens","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ershovite","Ershovite","K3Na4(Fe2+,Mn2+,Ti4+)2Si8O20(OH,O)4·4H2O","K3Na4(Fe,Mn,Ti)2Si8O20(OH,O)4·4H2O","K_3_Na_4_(Fe,Mn,Ti)_2_Si_8_O_20_(OH,O)_4_·4H_2_O","K_3_Na_4_(Fe^2+^,Mn^2+^,Ti^4+^)_2_Si_8_O_20_(OH,O)_4_·4H_2_O","K Na Fe Mn Ti Si O H","IMA1991-014"," ",1784,"Ershovite","triclinic","P1","K Na Fe^2+ Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Esh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Erssonite","Erssonite","CaMg7Fe3+2(OH)18(S6+O4)2·12H2O","CaMg7Fe3+2(OH)18(SO4)2·12H2O","CaMg_7_Fe^3+^_2_(OH)_18_(SO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","CaMg_7_Fe^3+^_2_(OH)_18_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Ca Mg Fe O H S","IMA2021-016"," ",7127,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P3c1","Ca Mg Fe^3+ O H S^6+","Eso","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ertixiite","Ertixiite","Na2Si4O9","Na2Si4O9","Na_2_Si_4_O_9_","Na_2_Si_4_O_9_","Na Si O","IMA1983-042"," ",1785," ","cubic",,"Na Si O","Ert","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ertlite","Ertlite","NaAl3Al6(Si4B2O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaAl3Al6(Si4B2O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaAl_3_Al_6_(Si_4_B_2_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","NaAl_3_Al_6_(Si_4_B_2_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na Al Si B O H","IMA2023-086"," ",7483,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Al Si B O H","Etl",,"No" +"Erythrite","Erythrite","Co2+3(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Co3(AsO4)2·8H2O","Co_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Co^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Co As O H"," "," ",1786,"Vivianite","monoclinic","C2/m","Co^2+ As^5+ O H","Ery","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Erythrosiderite","Erythrosiderite","K2Fe3+Cl5·H2O","K2Fe3+Cl5·H2O","K_2_Fe^3+^Cl_5_·H_2_O","K_2_Fe^3+^Cl_5_·H_2_O","K Fe Cl H O"," "," ",1787," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","K Fe^3+ Cl H O","Esd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Erzwiesite","Erzwiesite","Ag1+8Pb2+12Bi3+16S2-40","Ag8Pb12Bi16S40","Ag_8_Pb_12_Bi_16_S_40_","Ag^1+^_8_Pb^2+^_12_Bi^3+^_16_S^2-^_40_","Ag Pb Bi S","IMA2012-082"," ",6138,"Lillianite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Ezw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Escheite","Escheite","Ca2NaMn2+Ti4+5[Si12O34]O2(OH)3·12H2O","Ca2NaMnTi5[Si12O34]O2(OH)3·12H2O","Ca_2_NaMnTi_5_[Si_12_O_34_]O_2_(OH)_3_·12H_2_O","Ca_2_NaMn^2+^Ti^4+^_5_[Si_12_O_34_]O_2_(OH)_3_·12H_2_O","Ca Na Mn Ti Si O H","IMA2018-099"," ",6828,"Zorite","orthorhombic","Bbm2","Ca Na Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Esc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Esdanaite-(Ce)","Esdanaite-(Ce)","NaMn2+Ce3+(PO4)2·4H2O","NaMnCe(PO4)2·4H2O","NaMnCe(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","NaMn^2+^Ce^3+^(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Mn Ce P O H","IMA2018-112"," ",6939,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","P212121","Na Mn^2+ Ce^3+ P O H","Edn-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Eskebornite","Eskebornite","Cu1+Fe3+Se2-2","CuFeSe2","CuFeSe_2_","Cu^1+^Fe^3+^Se^2-^_2_","Cu Fe Se"," "," ",1788,"Chalcopyrite","tetragonal","P42c","Cu^1+ Fe^3+ Se^2-","Ebn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Eskimoite","Eskimoite","Ag1+7Pb2+10Bi3+15S2-36","Ag7Pb10Bi15S36","Ag_7_Pb_10_Bi_15_S_36_","Ag^1+^_7_Pb^2+^_10_Bi^3+^_15_S^2-^_36_","Ag Pb Bi S","IMA1976-005"," ",1789,"Lillianite","monoclinic",,"Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Ekm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Eskolaite","Eskolaite","Cr3+2O3","Cr2O3","Cr_2_O_3_","Cr^3+^_2_O_3_","Cr O"," "," ",1790,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3c","Cr^3+ O","Esk","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Espadaite","Espadaite","Na4Ca3Mg2[As5+O3(OH)]2[As5+O2(OH)2]10(H2O)6·H2O","Na4Ca3Mg2[AsO3(OH)]2[AsO2(OH)2]10(H2O)6·H2O","Na_4_Ca_3_Mg_2_[AsO_3_(OH)]_2_[AsO_2_(OH)_2_]_10_(H_2_O)_6_·H_2_O","Na_4_Ca_3_Mg_2_[As^5+^O_3_(OH)]_2_[As^5+^O_2_(OH)_2_]_10_(H_2_O)_6_·H_2_O","Na Ca Mg As O H","IMA2018-089"," ",6818,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Ccca","Na Ca Mg As^5+ O H","Esp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Esperanzaite","Esperanzaite","NaCa2Al2(As5+O4)2F4(OH)·2H2O","NaCa2Al2(AsO4)2F4(OH)·2H2O","NaCa_2_Al_2_(AsO_4_)_2_F_4_(OH)·2H_2_O","NaCa_2_Al_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_F_4_(OH)·2H_2_O","Na Ca Al As O F H","IMA1998-025"," ",1791," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Na Ca Al As^5+ O F H","Epz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Esperite","Esperite","Pb2+Ca2(Zn2+SiO4)3","PbCa2(ZnSiO4)3","PbCa_2_(ZnSiO_4_)_3_","Pb^2+^Ca_2_(Zn^2+^SiO_4_)_3_","Pb Ca Zn Si O","IMA1964-027"," ",1792,"Beryllonite","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Ca Zn^2+ Si O","Epr","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Esquireite","Esquireite","BaSi6O13·7H2O","BaSi6O13·7H2O","BaSi_6_O_13_·7H_2_O","BaSi_6_O_13_·7H_2_O","Ba Si O H","IMA2014-066"," ",6365,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2","Ba Si O H","Esq","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Esseneite","Esseneite","CaFe3+AlSiO6","CaFe3+AlSiO6","CaFe^3+^AlSiO_6_","CaFe^3+^AlSiO_6_","Ca Fe Al Si O","IMA1985-048"," ",1793,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Fe^3+ Al Si O","Ess","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Ettringite","Ettringite","Ca6Al2(S6+O4)3(OH)12·27H2O","Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·27H2O","Ca_6_Al_2_(SO_4_)_3_(OH)_12_·27H_2_O","Ca_6_Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_12_·27H_2_O","Ca Al S O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1794,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P31c, P63/mcm","Ca Al S^6+ O H","Ett","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Eucairite","Eucairite","CuAgSe","CuAgSe","CuAgSe","CuAgSe","Cu Ag Se"," "," ",1795," ","tetragonal, orthorhombic","P4/nmm, Pmmn","Cu Ag Se","Eca","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Euchlorine","Euchlorine","KNaCu2+3O(S6+O4)3","KNaCu3O(SO4)3","KNaCu_3_O(SO_4_)_3_","KNaCu^2+^_3_O(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","K Na Cu O S"," "," ",1796,"Euchlorine","monoclinic","C2/c","K Na Cu^2+ O S^6+","Ecr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Euchroite","Euchroite","Cu2+2As5+O4(OH)·3H2O","Cu2(AsO4)(OH)·3H2O","Cu_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH)·3H_2_O","Cu As O H"," "," ",1797," ","orthorhombic","P212121","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Euc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Euclase","Euclase","BeAlSiO4(OH)","BeAlSiO4(OH)","BeAlSiO_4_(OH)","BeAlSiO_4_(OH)","Be Al Si O H"," "," ",1798," ","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Be Al Si O H","Ecs","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Eucryptite","Eucryptite","LiAlSiO4","LiAlSiO4","LiAlSiO_4_","LiAlSiO_4_","Li Al Si O"," "," ",1799,"Phenakite","hexagonal","R3, P6422, P6222, R3","Li Al Si O","Ecp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Eudialyte","Eudialyte","Na15Ca6Fe2+3Zr4+3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2","Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2","Na_15_Ca_6_Fe_3_Zr_3_Si(Si_25_O_73_)(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_(Cl,OH)_2_","Na_15_Ca_6_Fe^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Si(Si_25_O_73_)(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_(Cl,OH)_2_","Na Ca Fe Zr Si O H Cl","IMA2003 s.p."," ",4865,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m, R3m","Na Ca Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Si O H Cl","Eud","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Eudidymite","Eudidymite","Na2Be2Si6O15·H2O","Na2Be2Si6O15·H2O","Na_2_Be_2_Si_6_O_15_·H_2_O","Na_2_Be_2_Si_6_O_15_·H_2_O","Na Be Si O H"," "," ",1800," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Be Si O H","Edy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Eugenite","Eugenite","Ag11Hg2","Ag11Hg2","Ag_11_Hg_2_","Ag_11_Hg_2_","Ag Hg","IMA1981-037"," ",1801," ","cubic","Fm3m","Ag Hg","Eug","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Eugsterite","Eugsterite","Na4Ca(S6+O4)3·2H2O","Na4Ca(SO4)3·2H2O","Na_4_Ca(SO_4_)_3_·2H_2_O","Na_4_Ca(S^6+^O_4_)_3_·2H_2_O","Na Ca S O H","IMA1980-008"," ",1802," ",,,"Na Ca S^6+ O H","Egt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Eulytine","Eulytine","Bi3+4(SiO4)3","Bi4(SiO4)3","Bi_4_(SiO_4_)_3_","Bi^3+^_4_(SiO_4_)_3_","Bi Si O"," "," ",1803," ","cubic","I43d","Bi^3+ Si O","Eul","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Eurekadumpite","Eurekadumpite","(Cu2+,Zn2+)16(Te4+O3)2(As5+O4)3Cl(OH)18·7H2O","(Cu,Zn)16(Te4+O3)2(AsO4)3Cl(OH)18·7H2O","(Cu,Zn)_16_(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_(AsO_4_)_3_Cl(OH)_18_·7H_2_O","(Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^)_16_(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_Cl(OH)_18_·7H_2_O","Cu Zn Te O As Cl H","IMA2009-072"," ",5802,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic",,"Cu^2+ Zn^2+ Te^4+ O As^5+ Cl H","Eur","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Euxenite-(Y)","Euxenite-(Y)","Y(Nb5+Ti4+)O6","Y(NbTi)O6","Y(NbTi)O_6_","Y(Nb^5+^Ti^4+^)O_6_","Y Nb Ti O","IMA1987 s.p., IMA2022 s.p."," ",1804,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Y Nb^5+ Ti^4+ O","Eux-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Evanichite","Evanichite","Pb2+6Cr3+(Cr6+O4)2(S6+O4)(OH)7FCl","Pb6Cr3+(Cr6+O4)2(SO4)(OH)7FCl","Pb_6_Cr^3+^(Cr^6+^O_4_)_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_7_FCl","Pb^2+^_6_Cr^3+^(Cr^6+^O_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_7_FCl","Pb Cr O S H F Cl","IMA2022-033"," ",7222,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal",,"Pb^2+ Cr^3+ Cr^6+ O S^6+ H F Cl","Eva","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Evansite","Evansite","Al3PO4(OH)6·8H2O","Al3(PO4)(OH)6·8H2O","Al_3_(PO_4_)(OH)_6_·8H_2_O","Al_3_PO_4_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O","Al P O H"," "," ",5181,"Amorphous",,,"Al P O H","Evn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Evdokimovite","Evdokimovite","Tl1+4(V4+O)3(S6+O4)5·5H2O","Tl4(VO)3(SO4)5(H2O)5","Tl_4_(VO)_3_(SO_4_)_5_(H_2_O)_5_","Tl^1+^_4_(V^4+^O)_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_·5H_2_O","Tl V O S H","IMA2013-041"," ",6206,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Tl^1+ V^4+ O S^6+ H","Evd","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Eveite","Eveite","Mn2+2As5+O4(OH)","Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH)","Mn^2+^_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)","Mn^2+^_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Mn As O H","IMA1966-047"," ",1805,"Andalusite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Ev","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Evenkite","Evenkite","C23H48","C23H48","C_23_H_48_","C_23_H_48_","C H"," "," ",1806," ","monoclinic, orthorhombic","P21/a, Pbcm","C H","Evk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Eveslogite","Eveslogite","(Ca,K,Na,Sr,Ba)48(Ti4+,Nb5+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn2+)12(OH)12Si48O144(OH,F,Cl)14","(Ca,K,Na,Sr,Ba)48(Ti,Nb,Fe,Mn)12(OH)12Si48O144(OH,F,Cl)14","(Ca,K,Na,Sr,Ba)_48_(Ti,Nb,Fe,Mn)_12_(OH)_12_Si_48_O_144_(OH,F,Cl)_14_","(Ca,K,Na,Sr,Ba)_48_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^,Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^,Mn^2+^)_12_(OH)_12_Si_48_O_144_(OH,F,Cl)_14_","Ca K Na Sr Ba Ti Nb Fe Mn O H Si F Cl","IMA2001-023"," ",1807," ","monoclinic","P2/m","Ca K Na Sr Ba Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Mn^2+ O H Si F Cl","Evl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Evseevite","Evseevite","Na2Mg(As5+O4)F","Na2Mg(AsO4)F","Na_2_Mg(AsO_4_)F","Na_2_Mg(As^5+^O_4_)F","Na Mg As O F","IMA2019-064"," ",6951,"Moraskoite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Na Mg As^5+ O F","Evs","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Ewaldite","Ewaldite","BaCa(CO3)2·2.6H2O","BaCa(CO3)2·2.6H2O","BaCa(CO_3_)_2_·2.6H_2_O","BaCa(CO_3_)_2_·2.6H_2_O","Ba Ca C O H","IMA1969-013"," ",1808,"Mckelveyite","hexagonal","P63mc","Ba Ca C O H","Ew","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Ewingite","Ewingite","Mg8Ca8(U6+O2)24(CO3)30O4(OH)12·138H2O","Mg8Ca8(UO2)24(CO3)30O4(OH)12(H2O)138","Mg_8_Ca_8_(UO_2_)_24_(CO_3_)_30_O_4_(OH)_12_(H_2_O)_138_","Mg_8_Ca_8_(U^6+^O_2_)_24_(CO_3_)_30_O_4_(OH)_12_·138H_2_O","Mg Ca U O C H","IMA2016-012"," ",6539,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I41/acd","Mg Ca U^6+ O C H","Ewg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Eylettersite","Eylettersite","Th4+0.75Al3(PO4)2(OH)6","Th0.75Al3(PO4)2(OH)6","Th_0.75_Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Th^4+^_0.75_Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Th Al P O H","IMA1969-035"," ",4984,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Th^4+ Al P O H","Eyl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Eyselite","Eyselite","Fe3+Ge3O7(OH)","Fe3+Ge4+3O7(OH)","Fe^3+^Ge^4+^_3_O_7_(OH)","Fe^3+^Ge_3_O_7_(OH)","Fe Ge O H","IMA2003-052"," ",5253," ","orthorhombic",,"Fe^3+ Ge O H","Eys","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ezcurrite","Ezcurrite","Na2B5O7(OH)3·2H2O","Na2B5O7(OH)3·2H2O","Na_2_B_5_O_7_(OH)_3_·2H_2_O","Na_2_B_5_O_7_(OH)_3_·2H_2_O","Na B O H"," "," ",1809," ","triclinic","P1","Na B O H","Ezc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ezochiite","Ezochiite","Cu1+(Rh3+Pt4+)S2-4","Cu+(Rh3+Pt4+)S4","Cu^+^(Rh^3+^Pt^4+^)S_4_","Cu^1+^(Rh^3+^Pt^4+^)S^2-^_4_","Cu Rh Pt S","IMA2022-101"," ",7324,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Cu^1+ Rh^3+ Pt^4+ S^2-","Ezo",,"No" +"Eztlite","Eztlite","Pb2+2Fe3+3(Te4+O3)3(S6+O4)O2Cl","Pb2Fe3+3(Te4+O3)3(SO4)O2Cl","Pb_2_Fe^3+^_3_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_(SO_4_)O_2_Cl","Pb^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_(S^6+^O_4_)O_2_Cl","Pb Fe Te O S Cl","IMA1980-072"," ",1810," ","monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Te^4+ O S^6+ Cl","Ez","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fabianite","Fabianite","CaB3O5(OH)","CaB3O5(OH)","CaB_3_O_5_(OH)","CaB_3_O_5_(OH)","Ca B O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1811," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca B O H","Fbn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fabrièsite","Fabriesite","Na3Al3Si3O12·2H2O","Na3Al3Si3O12·2H2O","Na_3_Al_3_Si_3_O_12_·2H_2_O","Na_3_Al_3_Si_3_O_12_·2H_2_O","Na Al Si O H","IMA2012-080"," ",6136," ","orthorhombic","Pna21","Na Al Si O H","Fab","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fabritzite","Fabritzite","Zn2+9(S6+O4)2(OH)12Cl2·6H2O","Zn9(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2·6H2O","Zn_9_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_12_Cl_2_·6H_2_O","Zn^2+^_9_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_12_Cl_2_·6H_2_O","Zn S O H Cl","IMA2020-040"," ",7316,"Ktenasite","hexagonal","R3","Zn^2+ S^6+ O H Cl","Fbz",,"No" +"Faheyite","Faheyite","Be2Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)4·6H2O","Be2Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)4·6H2O","Be_2_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_·6H_2_O","Be_2_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_·6H_2_O","Be Mn Fe P O H"," "," ",1812," ","hexagonal","P3121","Be Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Fah","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fahleite","Fahleite","CaZn2+5Fe3+2(As5+O4)6·14H2O","CaZn5Fe3+2(AsO4)6·14H2O","CaZn_5_Fe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_6_·14H_2_O","CaZn^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_6_·14H_2_O","Ca Zn Fe As O H","IMA1982-061"," ",1813,"Smolyaninovite",,,"Ca Zn^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Fhl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fairbankite","Fairbankite","Pb2+12(Te4+O3)11(S6+O4)","Pb2+12(Te4+O3)11(SO4)","Pb^2+^_12_(Te^4+^O_3_)_11_(SO_4_)","Pb^2+^_12_(Te^4+^O_3_)_11_(S^6+^O_4_)","Pb Te O S","IMA1979-003, IMA2019-I, IMA2020"," ",1814," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Te^4+ O S^6+","Fbk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Fairchildite","Fairchildite","K2Ca(CO3)2","K2Ca(CO3)2","K_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_","K_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_","K Ca C O"," "," ",1815,"Fairchildite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","K Ca C O","Fch","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Fairfieldite","Fairfieldite","Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2·2H2O","Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Mn P O H"," "," ",1816,"Fairfieldite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mn^2+ P O H","Ffd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Faizievite","Faizievite","Li6K2Na(Ca6Na)Ti4+4(Si6O18)2(Si12O30)F2","Li6K2Na(Ca6Na)Ti4(Si6O18)2(Si12O30)F2","Li_6_K_2_Na(Ca_6_Na)Ti_4_(Si_6_O_18_)_2_(Si_12_O_30_)F_2_","Li_6_K_2_Na(Ca_6_Na)Ti^4+^_4_(Si_6_O_18_)_2_(Si_12_O_30_)F_2_","Li K Na Ca Ti Si O F","IMA2006-037"," ",5361," ","triclinic","P1","Li K Na Ca Ti^4+ Si O F","Fai","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Falcondoite","Falcondoite","Ni2+4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O","Ni4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O","Ni_4_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Ni^2+^_4_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Ni Si O H","IMA1976-018"," ",1817,"Sepiolite, Clay","orthorhombic",,"Ni^2+ Si O H","Fcd","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Falgarite","Falgarite","K4(V4+O)3(S6+O4)5","K4(VO)3(SO4)5","K_4_(VO)_3_(SO_4_)_5_","K_4_(V^4+^O)_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_","K V O S","IMA2018-069"," ",6801," ","monoclinic","C2/c","K V^4+ O S^6+","Fal","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Falkmanite","Falkmanite","Pb2+3Sb3+2S2-6","Pb3Sb2S6","Pb_3_Sb_2_S_6_","Pb^2+^_3_Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_6_","Pb Sb S"," "," ",1818," ","monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Fmn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Falottaite","Falottaite","Mn2+(C2)6+O4·3H2O","MnC2O4·3H2O","MnC_2_O_4_·3H_2_O","Mn^2+^(C_2_)^6+^O_4_·3H_2_O","Mn C O H","IMA2013-044"," ",6208,"Not in a structural group, Oxalate","orthorhombic","Acaa","Mn^2+ C O H","Flt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Falsterite","Falsterite","Ca2MgMn2+2(Fe2+Fe3+)2Zn2+4(PO4)8(OH)4·14H2O","Ca2MgMn2+2Fe2+2Fe3+2Zn4(PO4)8(OH)4(H2O)14","Ca_2_MgMn^2+^_2_Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_Zn_4_(PO_4_)_8_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_14_","Ca_2_MgMn^2+^_2_(Fe^2+^Fe^3+^)_2_Zn^2+^_4_(PO_4_)_8_(OH)_4_·14H_2_O","Ca Mg Mn Fe Zn P O H","IMA2011-061"," ",6004,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Mg Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Zn^2+ P O H","Fls","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Famatinite","Famatinite","Cu1+Cu2+2Sb3+S2-4","Cu3SbS4","Cu_3_SbS_4_","Cu^1+^Cu^2+^_2_Sb^3+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Sb S"," "," ",1819,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I42m","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Fam","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Fanfaniite","Fanfaniite","Ca4Mn2+Al4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O","Ca4Mn2+Al4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O","Ca_4_Mn^2+^Al_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Ca_4_Mn^2+^Al_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Ca Mn Al P O H","IMA2018-053"," ",6788,"Calcioferrite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mn^2+ Al P O H","Ffa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fangite","Fangite","Tl1+3As5+S2-4","Tl3AsS4","Tl_3_AsS_4_","Tl^1+^_3_As^5+^S^2-^_4_","Tl As S","IMA1991-047"," ",1820," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Tl^1+ As^5+ S^2-","Fg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Fanguangite","Fanguangite","(Mo6+O2)(PO3OH)·4H2O","(MoO2)(PO3OH)·4H2O","(MoO_2_)(PO_3_OH)·4H_2_O","(Mo^6+^O_2_)(PO_3_OH)·4H_2_O","Mo O P H","IMA2023-112"," ",7460,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Mo^6+ O P H","Fgu",,"No" +"Fantappièite","Fantappieite","[Na82.5Ca33K16.5]Σ=132(Si99Al99O396)(S6+O4)33·6H2O","[Na82.5Ca33K16.5]Σ=132(Si99Al99O396)(SO4)33·6H2O","[Na_82.5_Ca_33_K_16.5_]_Σ=132_(Si_99_Al_99_O_396_)(SO_4_)_33_·6H_2_O","[Na_82.5_Ca_33_K_16.5_]_Σ=132_(Si_99_Al_99_O_396_)(S^6+^O_4_)_33_·6H_2_O","Na Ca K Si Al O S H","IMA2008-006"," ",5665,"Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P3","Na Ca K Si Al O S^6+ H","Ftp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Farneseite","Farneseite","Na46Ca10(Si42Al42O168)(S6+O4)12·6H2O","Na46Ca10(Si42Al42O168)(SO4)12·6H2O","Na_46_Ca_10_(Si_42_Al_42_O_168_)(SO_4_)_12_·6H_2_O","Na_46_Ca_10_(Si_42_Al_42_O_168_)(S^6+^O_4_)_12_·6H_2_O","Na Ca Si Al O S H","IMA2004-043"," ",5292,"Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P63/m","Na Ca Si Al O S^6+ H","Far","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Farringtonite","Farringtonite","Mg3(PO4)2","Mg3(PO4)2","Mg_3_(PO_4_)_2_","Mg_3_(PO_4_)_2_","Mg P O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1821," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Mg P O","Frt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Fassinaite","Fassinaite","Pb2+2(CO3)(S6+O3S2-)","Pb2(CO3)(S2O3)","Pb_2_(CO_3_)(S_2_O_3_)","Pb^2+^_2_(CO_3_)(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)","Pb C O S","IMA2011-048"," ",5976,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Pb^2+ C O S^6+ S^2-","Fas","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Faujasite-Ca","Faujasite-Ca","(Ca,Na,Mg)2(Si,Al)12O24·15H2O","(Ca,Na,Mg)2(Si,Al)12O24·15H2O","(Ca,Na,Mg)_2_(Si,Al)_12_O_24_·15H_2_O","(Ca,Na,Mg)_2_(Si,Al)_12_O_24_·15H_2_O","Ca Na Mg Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1822," ","cubic","Fd3m","Ca Na Mg Si Al O H","Fau-Ca","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments","No" +"Faujasite-Mg","Faujasite-Mg","(Mg,Na,K,Ca)2(Si,Al)12O24·15H2O","(Mg,Na,K,Ca)2(Si,Al)12O24·15H2O","(Mg,Na,K,Ca)_2_(Si,Al)_12_O_24_·15H_2_O","(Mg,Na,K,Ca)_2_(Si,Al)_12_O_24_·15H_2_O","Mg Na K Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1823," ","cubic","Fd3m","Mg Na K Ca Si Al O H","Fau-Mg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Faujasite-Na","Faujasite-Na","(Na,Ca,Mg)2(Si,Al)12O24·15H2O","(Na,Ca,Mg)2(Si,Al)12O24·15H2O","(Na,Ca,Mg)_2_(Si,Al)_12_O_24_·15H_2_O","(Na,Ca,Mg)_2_(Si,Al)_12_O_24_·15H_2_O","Na Ca Mg Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1824," ","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3","Na Ca Mg Si Al O H","Fau-Na","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Faustite","Faustite","Zn2+Al6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O","ZnAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O","ZnAl_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^Al_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O","Zn Al P O H"," "," ",1825,"Turquoise","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ Al P O H","Fst","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Favreauite","Favreauite","Pb2+Bi3+Cu2+6O4(Se4+O3)4(OH)·H2O","PbBiCu6O4(SeO3)4(OH)·H2O","PbBiCu_6_O_4_(SeO_3_)_4_(OH)·H_2_O","Pb^2+^Bi^3+^Cu^2+^_6_O_4_(Se^4+^O_3_)_4_(OH)·H_2_O","Pb Bi Cu O Se H","IMA2014-013"," ",6306," ","tetragonal","P4/n","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Cu^2+ O Se^4+ H","Fav","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fayalite","Fayalite","Fe2+2SiO4","Fe2+2(SiO4)","Fe^2+^_2_(SiO_4_)","Fe^2+^_2_SiO_4_","Fe Si O"," "," ",1826,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Fe^2+ Si O","Fa","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Fedorite","Fedorite","(K,Na)2.5(Ca,Na)7Si16O38(OH,F)2·3.5H2O","(K,Na)2.5(Ca,Na)7Si16O38(OH,F)2·3.5H2O","(K,Na)_2.5_(Ca,Na)_7_Si_16_O_38_(OH,F)_2_·3.5H_2_O","(K,Na)_2.5_(Ca,Na)_7_Si_16_O_38_(OH,F)_2_·3.5H_2_O","K Na Ca Si O H F","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1827,"Gyrolite","triclinic","P1","K Na Ca Si O H F","Fdr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Fedorovskite","Fedorovskite","Ca2Mg2B4O7(OH)6","Ca2Mg2B4O7(OH)6","Ca_2_Mg_2_B_4_O_7_(OH)_6_","Ca_2_Mg_2_B_4_O_7_(OH)_6_","Ca Mg B O H","IMA1975-006"," ",1828," ","orthorhombic","Pbam","Ca Mg B O H","Fdo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Fedotovite","Fedotovite","K2Cu2+3O(S6+O4)3","K2Cu3O(SO4)3","K_2_Cu_3_O(SO_4_)_3_","K_2_Cu^2+^_3_O(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","K Cu O S","IMA1986-013"," ",1829,"Euchlorine","monoclinic","C2/c","K Cu^2+ O S^6+","Fdt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Fehrite","Fehrite","MgCu2+4(S6+O4)2(OH)6·6H2O","MgCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·6H2O","MgCu_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","MgCu^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Mg Cu S O H","IMA2018-125a"," ",6966,"Ktenasite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Feh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Feiite","Feiite","Fe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5","Fe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5","Fe^2+^_2_(Fe^2+^Ti^4+^)O_5_","Fe^2+^_2_(Fe^2+^Ti^4+^)O_5_","Fe Ti O","IMA2017-041a"," ",6836,"Spinel-Post-spinel","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O","Fei","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Feinglosite","Feinglosite","Pb2+2Zn2+(As5+O4)2·H2O","Pb2Zn(AsO4)2·H2O","Pb_2_Zn(AsO_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_Zn^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Pb Zn As O H","IMA1995-013"," ",1830,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Fgl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Feitknechtite","Feitknechtite","Mn3+O(OH)","Mn3+O(OH)","Mn^3+^O(OH)","Mn^3+^O(OH)","Mn O H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",1831,"Brucite","hexagonal, monoclinic","P3m1, C2/m","Mn^3+ O H","Fkn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Feklichevite","Feklichevite","Na11Ca9(Fe3+,Fe2+)2Zr4+3Nb5+(Si25O73)(OH,H2O,Cl,O)5","Na11Ca9(Fe3+,Fe2+)2Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(OH,H2O,Cl,O)5","Na_11_Ca_9_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_2_Zr_3_Nb(Si_25_O_73_)(OH,H_2_O,Cl,O)_5_","Na_11_Ca_9_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_2_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^(Si_25_O_73_)(OH,H_2_O,Cl,O)_5_","Na Ca Fe Zr Nb Si O H Cl","IMA2000-017"," ",1832,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ca Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H Cl","Fek","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Felbertalite","Felbertalite","Cu1+2Pb2+6Bi3+8S2-19","Cu2Pb6Bi8S19","Cu_2_Pb_6_Bi_8_S_19_","Cu^1+^_2_Pb^2+^_6_Bi^3+^_8_S^2-^_19_","Cu Pb Bi S","IMA1999-042"," ",1833," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Fbt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Felsőbányaite","Felsobanyaite","Al4(S6+O4)(OH)10·4H2O","Al4(SO4)(OH)10·4H2O","Al_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_10_·4H_2_O","Al_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_10_·4H_2_O","Al S O H"," "," ",1834," ","monoclinic","P21","Al S^6+ O H","Fsb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fenaksite","Fenaksite","KNaFe2+Si4O10","KNaFe2+Si4O10","KNaFe^2+^Si_4_O_10_","KNaFe^2+^Si_4_O_10_","K Na Fe Si O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1835,"Litidionite","triclinic","P1","K Na Fe^2+ Si O","Fnk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fencooperite","Fencooperite","Ba6Fe3+3Si8O23(CO3)2Cl3·H2O","Ba6Fe3+3Si8O23(CO3)2Cl3·H2O","Ba_6_Fe^3+^_3_Si_8_O_23_(CO_3_)_2_Cl_3_·H_2_O","Ba_6_Fe^3+^_3_Si_8_O_23_(CO_3_)_2_Cl_3_·H_2_O","Ba Fe Si O C Cl H","IMA2000-023"," ",1836," ","hexagonal","P3m1","Ba Fe^3+ Si O C Cl H","Fco","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Fengchengite","Fengchengite","Na12☐3Ca6Fe3+3Zr4+3Si(Si25O73)(H2O)3(OH)2","Na12☐3Ca6Fe3+3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(H2O)3(OH)2","Na_12_[box]_3_Ca_6_Fe^3+^_3_Zr_3_Si(Si_25_O_73_)(H_2_O)_3_(OH)_2_","Na_12_[box]_3_Ca_6_Fe^3+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Si(Si_25_O_73_)(H_2_O)_3_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Fe Zr Si O H","IMA2007-018a"," ",6020,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ca Fe^3+ Zr^4+ Si O H","Fcg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fengruiite","Fengruiite","[Ag1+6Sb3+2S2-7][Ag1+9Cu1+S2-2Te2-2]","[Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS2Te2]","[Ag_6_Sb_2_S_7_][Ag_9_CuS_2_Te_2_]","[Ag^1+^_6_Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_7_][Ag^1+^_9_Cu^1+^S^2-^_2_Te^2-^_2_]","Ag Sb S Cu Te","IMA2024-045"," ",7520,"Polybasite","hexagonal","P3m1","Ag^1+ Sb^3+ S^2- Cu^1+ Te^2-","Fen",,"No" +"Feodosiyite","Feodosiyite","Cu2+11Mg2Cl18(OH)8·16H2O","Cu11Mg2Cl18(OH)8·16H2O","Cu_11_Mg_2_Cl_18_(OH)_8_·16H_2_O","Cu^2+^_11_Mg_2_Cl_18_(OH)_8_·16H_2_O","Cu Mg Cl O H","IMA2015-063"," ",6466,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Mg Cl O H","Fdy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferberite","Ferberite","Fe2+W6+O4","Fe2+(WO4)","Fe^2+^(WO_4_)","Fe^2+^W^6+^O_4_","Fe W O"," "," ",1837,"Columbite","monoclinic","P2/c","Fe^2+ W^6+ O","Feb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferchromide","Ferchromide","Cr1.5Fe0.2","Cr1.5Fe0.2","Cr_1.5_Fe_0.2_","Cr_1.5_Fe_0.2_","Cr Fe","IMA1984-022"," ",1838,"Iron","cubic","Pm3m","Cr Fe","Fcr","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Ferdowsiite","Ferdowsiite","Ag1+8(Sb3+5As3+3)S2-16","Ag8(Sb5As3)S16","Ag_8_(Sb_5_As_3_)S_16_","Ag^1+^_8_(Sb^3+^_5_As^3+^_3_)S^2-^_16_","Ag Sb As S","IMA2012-062"," ",6130,"Ferdowsiite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Fdw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Fergusonite-(Ce)","Fergusonite-(Ce)","Ce3+Nb5+O4·0.3H2O","CeNbO4·0.3H2O","CeNbO_4_·0.3H_2_O","Ce^3+^Nb^5+^O_4_·0.3H_2_O","Ce Nb O H"," "," ",5226,"Scheelite","tetragonal","I41/a","Ce^3+ Nb^5+ O H","Fgs-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fergusonite-(Y)","Fergusonite-(Y)","YNb5+O4","YNbO4","YNbO_4_","YNb^5+^O_4_","Y Nb O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1839,"Scheelite","tetragonal","I41/a","Y Nb^5+ O","Fgs-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferhodsite","Ferhodsite","(Fe,Rh,Ni,Ir,Cu,Co,Pt)9-xS8","(Fe,Rh,Ni,Ir,Cu,Co,Pt)9-xS8","(Fe,Rh,Ni,Ir,Cu,Co,Pt)_9-x_S_8_","(Fe,Rh,Ni,Ir,Cu,Co,Pt)_9-x_S_8_","Fe Rh Ni Ir Cu Co Pt S","IMA2009-056"," ",5785,"Pentlandite","tetragonal",,"Fe Rh Ni Ir Cu Co Pt S","Frh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Fermiite","Fermiite","Na4(U6+O2)(S6+O4)3·3H2O","Na4(UO2)(SO4)3·3H2O","Na_4_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Na_4_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Na U O S H","IMA2014-068"," ",6367," ","orthorhombic","Pmn21","Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Fmi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Fernandinite","Fernandinite","(Ca,Na,K)0.9(V5+,V4+,Fe2+,Ti4+)8O20·4H2O","(Ca,Na,K)0.9(V5+,V4+,Fe2+,Ti)8O20·4H2O","(Ca,Na,K)_0.9_(V^5+^,V^4+^,Fe^2+^,Ti)_8_O_20_·4H_2_O","(Ca,Na,K)_0.9_(V^5+^,V^4+^,Fe^2+^,Ti^4+^)_8_O_20_·4H_2_O","Ca Na K V Fe Ti O H","IMA1994 s.p."," ",1844,"Straczekite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Na K V^5+ V^4+ Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O H","Frn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Feroxyhyte","Feroxyhyte","Fe3+O(OH)","Fe3+O(OH)","Fe^3+^O(OH)","Fe^3+^O(OH)","Fe O H","IMA1975-032"," ",1845,"Feroxyhyte","hexagonal","P3m1","Fe^3+ O H","Fox","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Ferraioloite","Ferraioloite","MgMn2+4(Fe2+0.5Al0.5)4Zn2+4(PO4)8(OH)4·20H2O","MgMn2+4(Fe2+0.5Al0.5)4Zn4(PO4)8(OH)4(H2O)20","MgMn^2+^_4_(Fe^2+^_0.5_Al_0.5_)_4_Zn_4_(PO_4_)_8_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_20_","MgMn^2+^_4_(Fe^2+^_0.5_Al_0.5_)_4_Zn^2+^_4_(PO_4_)_8_(OH)_4_·20H_2_O","Mg Mn Fe Al Zn P O H","IMA2015-066"," ",6474," ","monoclinic","I2/m","Mg Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Al Zn^2+ P O H","Frl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrarisite","Ferrarisite","Ca5(As5+O3OH)2(As5+O4)2·9H2O","Ca5(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2·9H2O","Ca_5_(AsO_3_OH)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·9H_2_O","Ca_5_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·9H_2_O","Ca As O H","IMA1979-020"," ",1846,"Lindackerite","triclinic","P1","Ca As^5+ O H","Fer","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Ferriakasakaite-(Ce)","Ferriakasakaite-(Ce)","CaCe3+Fe3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaCeFe3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaCeFe^3+^AlMn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","CaCe^3+^Fe^3+^AlMn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Ce Fe Al Mn Si O H","IMA2018-087"," ",6816,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Ce^3+ Fe^3+ Al Mn^2+ Si O H","Fak-Ce","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ferriakasakaite-(La)","Ferriakasakaite-(La)","CaLa3+Fe3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaLaFe3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaLaFe^3+^AlMn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","CaLa^3+^Fe^3+^AlMn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca La Fe Al Mn Si O H","IMA2013-126"," ",6285,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca La^3+ Fe^3+ Al Mn^2+ Si O H","Fak-La","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ferriallanite-(Ce)","Ferriallanite-(Ce)","CaCe3+Fe2+Fe3+Al(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)","CaCe(Fe3+AlFe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaCe(Fe^3+^AlFe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaCe^3+^Fe^2+^Fe^3+^Al(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)O(OH)","Ca Ce Fe Al Si O H","IMA2000-041"," ",1852,"Allanite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Ce^3+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Al Si O H","Faln-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferriallanite-(La)","Ferriallanite-(La)","CaLa3+(Fe3+AlFe2+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)","CaLa(Fe3+AlFe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaLa(Fe^3+^AlFe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaLa^3+^(Fe^3+^AlFe^2+^)(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)O(OH)","Ca La Fe Al Si O H","IMA2010-066"," ",5905,"Allanite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca La^3+ Fe^3+ Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Faln-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferriandrosite-(Ce)","Ferriandrosite-(Ce)","Mn2+Ce3+(Fe3+AlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","MnCe(Fe3+AlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","MnCe(Fe^3+^AlMn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Mn^2+^Ce^3+^(Fe^3+^AlMn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Mn Ce Fe Al Si O H","IMA2023-022"," ",7377,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Mn^2+ Ce^3+ Fe^3+ Al Si O H","Fea-Ce",,"No" +"Ferriandrosite-(La)","Ferriandrosite-(La)","Mn2+LaFe3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","MnLaFe3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","MnLaFe^3+^AlMn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Mn^2+^LaFe^3+^AlMn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Mn La Fe Al Si O H","IMA2013-127"," ",6286,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Mn^2+ La Fe^3+ Al Si O H","Fea-La","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ferribushmakinite","Ferribushmakinite","Pb2+2Fe3+(PO4)(V5+O4)(OH)","Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(VO4)(OH)","Pb_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)(VO_4_)(OH)","Pb^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)(V^5+^O_4_)(OH)","Pb Fe P O V H","IMA2014-055"," ",6352,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ P O V^5+ H","Fbmk","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ferricerite-(LaCa)","Ferricerite-(LaCa)","(La6Ca3)☐Fe3+(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3","(La6Ca3)☐Fe3+(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3","(La_6_Ca_3_)[box]Fe^3+^(SiO_4_)_3_(SiO_3_OH)_4_(OH)_3_","(La_6_Ca_3_)[box]Fe^3+^(SiO_4_)_3_(SiO_3_OH)_4_(OH)_3_","La Ca Fe Si O H","IMA2001-042, IMA2023 s.p."," ",1368,"Cerite",,,"La Ca Fe^3+ Si O H","Fecrt-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferricopiapite","Ferricopiapite","Fe3+2/3Fe3+4(S6+O4)6(OH)2·20H2O","Fe3+0.67Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O","Fe^3+^_0.67_Fe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2/3_Fe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","Fe S O H"," "," ",1855,"Copiapite","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Fcpi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferricoronadite","Ferricoronadite","Pb2+(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16","Pb(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16","Pb(Mn^4+^_6_Fe^3+^_2_)O_16_","Pb^2+^(Mn^4+^_6_Fe^3+^_2_)O_16_","Pb Mn Fe O","IMA2015-093"," ",6492,"Coronadite","tetragonal","I4/m","Pb^2+ Mn^4+ Fe^3+ O","Fcor","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ferrierite-K","Ferrierite-K","(K,Na)5(Si31Al5)O72·18H2O","(K,Na)5(Si31Al5)O72·18H2O","(K,Na)_5_(Si_31_Al_5_)O_72_·18H_2_O","(K,Na)_5_(Si_31_Al_5_)O_72_·18H_2_O","K Na Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1856,"Ferrierite","orthorhombic","Immm","K Na Si Al O H","Frr-K","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Ferrierite-Mg","Ferrierite-Mg","[Mg2(K,Na)2Ca0.5](Si29Al7)O72·18H2O","[Mg2(K,Na)2Ca0.5](Si29Al7)O72·18H2O","[Mg_2_(K,Na)_2_Ca_0.5_](Si_29_Al_7_)O_72_·18H_2_O","[Mg_2_(K,Na)_2_Ca_0.5_](Si_29_Al_7_)O_72_·18H_2_O","Mg K Na Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1857,"Ferrierite","orthorhombic","Immm","Mg K Na Ca Si Al O H","Frr-Mg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Ferrierite-Na","Ferrierite-Na","(Na,K)5(Si31Al5)O72·18H2O","(Na,K)5(Si31Al5)O72·18H2O","(Na,K)_5_(Si_31_Al_5_)O_72_·18H_2_O","(Na,K)_5_(Si_31_Al_5_)O_72_·18H_2_O","Na K Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",1858,"Ferrierite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Immm, P21/n","Na K Si Al O H","Frr-Na","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Ferrierite-NH4","Ferrierite-NH4","(N3-H4,Mg0.5)5(Al5Si31O72)·22H2O","(NH4,Mg0.5)5(Al5Si31O72)·22H2O","(NH_4_,Mg_0.5_)_5_(Al_5_Si_31_O_72_)·22H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_,Mg_0.5_)_5_(Al_5_Si_31_O_72_)·22H_2_O","N H Mg Al Si O","IMA2017-099"," ",6724,"Ferrierite","orthorhombic","Immm","N^3- H Mg Al Si O","Frr-NH4","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Ferri-fluoro-katophorite","Ferri-fluoro-katophorite","Na(NaCa)(Mg4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22F2","Na(NaCa)(Mg4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22F2","Na(NaCa)(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_7_Al)O_22_F_2_","Na(NaCa)(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_7_Al)O_22_F_2_","Na Ca Mg Fe Si Al O F","IMA2015-096"," ",6278,"Amphibole-amphiboles sodic-calcic","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Fe^3+ Si Al O F","Fflktp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferri-fluoro-leakeite","Ferri-fluoro-leakeite","NaNa2(Mg2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22F2","NaNa2(Mg2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22F2","NaNa_2_(Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","NaNa_2_(Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","Na Mg Fe Li Si O F","IMA2009-085, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5814,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Fe^3+ Li Si O F","Ffllk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferri-ghoseite","Ferri-ghoseite","☐(NaMn2+)(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2","☐(NaMn2+)(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2","[box](NaMn^2+^)(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box](NaMn^2+^)(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Mn Mg Fe Si O H","IMA2003-066, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5263,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mn^2+ Mg Fe^3+ Si O H","Fgh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ferri-hellandite-(Ce)","Ferri-hellandite-(Ce)","(Ca3Ce3+)Ce3+2Fe3+☐2B4Si4O22(OH)2","(Ca3Ce)Ce2Fe3+☐2B4Si4O22(OH)2","(Ca_3_Ce)Ce_2_Fe^3+^[box]_2_B_4_Si_4_O_22_(OH)_2_","(Ca_3_Ce^3+^)Ce^3+^_2_Fe^3+^[box]_2_B_4_Si_4_O_22_(OH)_2_","Ca Ce Fe B Si O H","IMA2020-085"," ",7100,"Hellandite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Ce^3+ Fe^3+ B Si O H","Fhld-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferrihollandite","Ferrihollandite","Ba(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16","Ba(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16","Ba(Mn^4+^_6_Fe^3+^_2_)O_16_","Ba(Mn^4+^_6_Fe^3+^_2_)O_16_","Ba Mn Fe O","IMA2012 s.p."," ",6076,"Coronadite","monoclinic","P2/n","Ba Mn^4+ Fe^3+ O","Fhol","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ferrihydrite","Ferrihydrite","Fe3+5O7(OH)","Fe3+5O7(OH)","Fe^3+^_5_O_7_(OH)","Fe^3+^_5_O_7_(OH)","Fe O H","IMA1971-015"," ",1859,"Nolanite","hexagonal","P3, P31c, P63mc","Fe^3+ O H","Fhy","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Ferri-kaersutite","Ferri-kaersutite","NaCa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2","NaCa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti)(Si6Al2)O22O2","NaCa_2_(Mg_3_Fe^3+^Ti)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_O_2_","NaCa_2_(Mg_3_Fe^3+^Ti^4+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_O_2_","Na Ca Mg Fe Ti Si Al O","IMA2014-051"," ",6348,"Amphibole-amphiboles sodic-calcic","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Si Al O","Fkrs","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferri-katophorite","Ferri-katophorite","Na(NaCa)(Mg4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Mg4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na(NaCa)(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Fe Si Al O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",1860,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Fktp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferri-leakeite","Ferri-leakeite","NaNa2(Mg2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)2","NaNa2(Mg2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)2","NaNa_2_(Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","NaNa_2_(Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Mg Fe Li Si O H","IMA1991-028, IMA2012 s.p."," ",2808,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Fe^3+ Li Si O H","Flk","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ferrilotharmeyerite","Ferrilotharmeyerite","CaZn2+Fe3+(As5+O4)2(OH)·H2O","CaZnFe3+(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O","CaZnFe^3+^(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","CaZn^2+^Fe^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Ca Zn Fe As O H","IMA1986-024"," ",1861,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Zn^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Flmy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrimolybdite","Ferrimolybdite","Fe3+2(Mo6+O4)3·7H2O","Fe3+2(Mo6+O4)3·7H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(Mo^6+^O_4_)_3_·7H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(Mo^6+^O_4_)_3_·7H_2_O","Fe Mo O H"," "," ",1862," ",,,"Fe^3+ Mo^6+ O H","Fmyb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferri-mottanaite-(Ce)","Ferri-mottanaite-(Ce)","Ca4Ce3+2Fe3+(Be1.5☐0.5)[Si4B4O22]O2","Ca4Ce2Fe3+(Be1.5☐0.5)[Si4B4O22]O2","Ca_4_Ce_2_Fe^3+^(Be_1.5_[box]_0.5_)[Si_4_B_4_O_22_]O_2_","Ca_4_Ce^3+^_2_Fe^3+^(Be_1.5_[box]_0.5_)[Si_4_B_4_O_22_]O_2_","Ca Ce Fe Be Si B O","IMA2017-087a"," ",6838,"Hellandite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Ce^3+ Fe^3+ Be Si B O","Fmot-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferrimuirite","Ferrimuirite","Ba10(Ca2Fe3+2)[Si8O24]O2Cl10","Ba10(Ca2Fe3+2)[Si8O24]O2Cl10","Ba_10_(Ca_2_Fe^3+^_2_)[Si_8_O_24_]O_2_Cl_10_","Ba_10_(Ca_2_Fe^3+^_2_)[Si_8_O_24_]O_2_Cl_10_","Ba Ca Fe Si O Cl","IMA2023-100"," ",7442,"Muirite","tetragonal","P4mm","Ba Ca Fe^3+ Si O Cl","Fmui",,"No" +"Ferrinatrite","Ferrinatrite","Na3Fe3+(S6+O4)3·3H2O","Na3Fe3+(SO4)3·3H2O","Na_3_Fe^3+^(SO_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Na_3_Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Na Fe S O H"," "," ",1863," ","hexagonal","P3","Na Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Fnat","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferri-obertiite","Ferri-obertiite","NaNa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti4+)Si8O22O2","NaNa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti)Si8O22O2","NaNa_2_(Mg_3_Fe^3+^Ti)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","NaNa_2_(Mg_3_Fe^3+^Ti^4+^)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","Na Mg Fe Ti Si O","IMA2015-079"," ",6478,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Si O","Fob","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Ferri-pedrizite","Ferri-pedrizite","NaLi2[Fe3+2Mg2Li]Si8O22(OH)2","NaLi2(Mg2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)2","NaLi_2_(Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","NaLi_2_[Fe^3+^_2_Mg_2_Li]Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Li Mg Fe Si O H","IMA2001-032, IMA2012 s.p."," ",1864,"Amphibole-amphiboles Na-Ca-Mg-Fe-Mn-Li","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Li Fe^3+ Mg Si O H","Fpd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferriperbøeite-(Ce)","Ferriperboeite-(Ce)","(CaCe3+3)(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)3O(OH)2","(CaCe3)(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)3O(OH)2","(CaCe_3_)(Fe^3+^Al_2_Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)_3_O(OH)_2_","(CaCe^3+^_3_)(Fe^3+^Al_2_Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)_3_O(OH)_2_","Ca Ce Fe Al Si O H","IMA2017-037"," ",6674,"Gatelite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Ce^3+ Fe^3+ Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Fpbø-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferriperbøeite-(La)","Ferriperboeite-(La)","(CaLa3+3)(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2","(CaLa3)(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2","(CaLa_3_)(Fe^3+^Al_2_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]_3_O(OH)_2_","(CaLa^3+^_3_)(Fe^3+^Al_2_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]_3_O(OH)_2_","Ca La Fe Al Si O H","IMA2018-106"," ",6833,"Gatelite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca La^3+ Fe^3+ Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Fpbø-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferriphoxite","Ferriphoxite","[(N3-H4)2K(H2O)][Fe3+(HPO4)2((C2)6+O4)]","[(NH4)2K(H2O)][Fe3+(HPO4)2(C2O4)]","[(NH_4_)_2_K(H_2_O)][Fe^3+^(HPO_4_)_2_(C_2_O_4_)]","[(N^3-^H_4_)_2_K(H_2_O)][Fe^3+^(HPO_4_)_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)]","N H K O Fe P C","IMA2023-096"," ",7438,"Oxalate, Ferriphoxite","monoclinic","P21/c","N^3- H K O Fe^3+ P C","Fphx",,"No" +"Ferriprehnite","Ferriprehnite","Ca2Fe3+(AlSi3)O10(OH)2","Ca2Fe3+(AlSi3)O10(OH)2","Ca_2_Fe^3+^(AlSi_3_)O_10_(OH)_2_","Ca_2_Fe^3+^(AlSi_3_)O_10_(OH)_2_","Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA2020-057"," ",7071,"Prehnite","orthorhombic","Pma2","Ca Fe^3+ Al Si O H","Fprh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Ferripyrophyllite","Ferripyrophyllite","Fe3+Si2O5(OH)","Fe3+Si2O5(OH)","Fe^3+^Si_2_O_5_(OH)","Fe^3+^Si_2_O_5_(OH)","Fe Si O H","IMA1978-062"," ",1865,"Clay, Pyrophyllite","monoclinic",,"Fe^3+ Si O H","Fprl","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrirockbridgeite","Ferrirockbridgeite","(Fe3+0.67☐0.33)2(Fe3+)3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)","(Fe3+0.67☐0.33)2(Fe3+)3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)","(Fe^3+^_0.67_[box]_0.33_)_2_(Fe^3+^)_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)","(Fe^3+^_0.67_[box]_0.33_)_2_(Fe^3+^)_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)","Fe P O H","IMA2018-065"," ",6797,"Rockbridgeite","orthorhombic","Bbmm","Fe^3+ P O H","Frck","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrisanidine","Ferrisanidine","K(Fe3+Si3O8)","K(Fe3+Si3O8)","K(Fe^3+^Si_3_O_8_)","K(Fe^3+^Si_3_O_8_)","K Fe Si O","IMA2019-052"," ",6941,"Feldspar","monoclinic","C2/m","K Fe^3+ Si O","Fsa","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Ferrisepiolite","Ferrisepiolite","(Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4[(Si,Fe3+)6O15](O,OH)2·6H2O","(Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4[(Si,Fe3+)6O15](O,OH)2·6H2O","(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Mg)_4_[(Si,Fe^3+^)_6_O_15_](O,OH)_2_·6H_2_O","(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Mg)_4_[(Si,Fe^3+^)_6_O_15_](O,OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Fe Mg Si O H","IMA2010-061"," ",5884,"Sepiolite","orthorhombic","Pncn","Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Mg Si O H","Fsep","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferristrunzite","Ferristrunzite","Fe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O","Fe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O","Fe^3+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Fe^3+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA1986-023"," ",1867,"Strunzite","triclinic",,"Fe^3+ P O H","Fstz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrisurite","Ferrisurite","Pb2+2.4Fe3+2Si4O10(CO3)1.7(OH)3·nH2O","Pb2.4Fe3+2Si4O10(CO3)1.7(OH)3·nH2O","Pb_2.4_Fe^3+^_2_Si_4_O_10_(CO_3_)_1.7_(OH)_3_·nH_2_O","Pb^2+^_2.4_Fe^3+^_2_Si_4_O_10_(CO_3_)_1.7_(OH)_3_·nH_2_O","Pb Fe Si O C H","IMA1990-056"," ",1868," ","monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Si O C H","Fsur","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrisymplesite","Ferrisymplesite","Fe3+3(As5+O4)2(OH)3·5H2O","Fe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)3·5H2O","Fe^3+^_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Fe^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Fe As O H"," "," ",1869,"Symplesite",,,"Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Fsym","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferri-taramite","Ferri-taramite","Na(NaCa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Mg_3_Fe^3+^_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na(NaCa)(Mg_3_Fe^3+^_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Fe Si Al O H","IMA2021-046"," ",7152,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Fi-trm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Ferrivauxite","Ferrivauxite","Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O","Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O","Fe^3+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Fe^3+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Fe Al P O H","IMA2014-003"," ",6297,"Vauxite","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ Al P O H","Fvx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferri-winchite","Ferri-winchite","☐NaCa(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2","☐(NaCa)(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2","[box](NaCa)(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]NaCa(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Fe Si O H","IMA2004-034, IMA2012 s.p."," ",1873,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Fe^3+ Si O H","Fwnc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferro-actinolite","Ferro-actinolite","☐Ca2Mg2.5-0Fe2+2.5-5Si8O22(OH)2","☐Ca2(Mg2.5-0.0Fe2+2.5-5.0)Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Ca_2_(Mg_2.5-0.0_Fe^2+^_2.5-5.0_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Ca_2_Mg_2.5-0_Fe^2+^_2.5-5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Ca Mg Fe Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",1874,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mg Fe^2+ Si O H","Fact","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferroåkermanite","Ferroakermanite","Ca2Fe2+Si2O7","Ca2FeSi2O7","Ca_2_FeSi_2_O_7_","Ca_2_Fe^2+^Si_2_O_7_","Ca Fe Si O","IMA2024-080"," ",7531,"Melilite","tetragonal","P421m","Ca Fe^2+ Si O","Fåk",,"No" +"Ferroalluaudite","Ferroalluaudite","NaFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)3","NaFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)3","NaFe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_","NaFe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_","Na Fe P O","IMA2007 s.p."," ",1879,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O","Fald","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferroaluminoceladonite","Ferroaluminoceladonite","KFe2+AlSi4O10(OH)2","KFe2+AlSi4O10(OH)2","KFe^2+^AlSi_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","KFe^2+^AlSi_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","K Fe Al Si O H","IMA1995-019"," ",1875,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","K Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Facel","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferro-anthophyllite","Ferro-anthophyllite","☐Fe2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2","☐Fe2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Fe^2+^_2_Fe^2+^_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Fe^2+^_2_Fe^2+^_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Fe Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",1876,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnma","Fe^2+ Si O H","Fath","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferroberaunite","Ferroberaunite","Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5·6H2O","Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5·6H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_5_·6H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_5_·6H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA2021-036"," ",7154,"Beraunite","monoclinic","C2/c","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Fbru","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrobobfergusonite","Ferrobobfergusonite","☐Na2Fe2+5Fe3+Al(PO4)6","☐Na2Fe2+5Fe3+Al(PO4)6","[box]Na_2_Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^Al(PO_4_)_6_","[box]Na_2_Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^Al(PO_4_)_6_","Na Fe Al P O","IMA2017-006"," ",6621,"Alluaudite-Bobfergusonite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Al P O","Fbfg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferro-bosiite","Ferro-bosiite","NaFe3+3(Al4Fe2+2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaFe3+3(Al4Fe2+2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaFe^3+^_3_(Al_4_Fe^2+^_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","NaFe^3+^_3_(Al_4_Fe^2+^_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na Fe Al Si O B H","IMA2022-069"," ",7291,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Fe^3+ Al Fe^2+ Si O B H","Fbos",,"No" +"Ferrobustamite","Ferrobustamite","CaFe2+Si2O6","CaFe2+Si2O6","CaFe^2+^Si_2_O_6_","CaFe^2+^Si_2_O_6_","Ca Fe Si O"," "," ",1882,"Wollastonite","triclinic","A1","Ca Fe^2+ Si O","Fbst","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Ferrocarpholite","Ferrocarpholite","Fe2+Al2Si2O6(OH)4","Fe2+Al2Si2O6(OH)4","Fe^2+^Al_2_Si_2_O_6_(OH)_4_","Fe^2+^Al_2_Si_2_O_6_(OH)_4_","Fe Al Si O H"," "," ",1883,"Carpholite","orthorhombic","Ccca","Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Fcar","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Ferroceladonite","Ferroceladonite","KFe2+Fe3+Si4O10(OH)2","KFe2+Fe3+Si4O10(OH)2","KFe^2+^Fe^3+^Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","KFe^2+^Fe^3+^Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","K Fe Si O H","IMA1995-018"," ",1884,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","K Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Fcel","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrochiavennite","Ferrochiavennite","Ca1-2Fe2+(Si,Al,Be)5Be2O13(OH)2·2H2O","Ca1-2Fe[(Si,Al,Be)5Be2O13(OH)2]·2H2O","Ca_1-2_Fe[(Si,Al,Be)_5_Be_2_O_13_(OH)_2_]·2H_2_O","Ca_1-2_Fe^2+^(Si,Al,Be)_5_Be_2_O_13_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Fe Si Al Be O H","IMA2012-039"," ",6100," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Fe^2+ Si Al Be O H","Fcve","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferrodimolybdenite","Ferrodimolybdenite","FeMo2S4","FeMo2S4","FeMo_2_S_4_","FeMo_2_S_4_","Fe Mo S","IMA2023-019"," ",7375," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Fe Mo S","Fdmol",,"No" +"Ferro-edenite","Ferro-edenite","NaCa2Fe2+5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","NaCa2Fe2+5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","NaCa_2_Fe^2+^_5_(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaCa_2_Fe^2+^_5_(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Fe Si Al O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",1878,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Fe^2+ Si Al O H","Fed","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferroefremovite","Ferroefremovite","(N3-H4)2Fe2+2(S6+O4)3","(NH4)2Fe2+2(SO4)3","(NH_4_)_2_Fe^2+^_2_(SO_4_)_3_","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Fe^2+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","N H Fe S O","IMA2019-008"," ",6899,"Langbeinite","cubic","P213","N^3- H Fe^2+ S^6+ O","Fefr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Ferroericssonite","Ferroericssonite","BaFe2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH)","BaFe2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH)","BaFe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(Si_2_O_7_)O(OH)","BaFe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(Si_2_O_7_)O(OH)","Ba Fe Si O H","IMA2010-025"," ",5853,"Ericssonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Fers","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ferro-ferri-fluoro-leakeite","Ferro-ferri-fluoro-leakeite","NaNa2(Fe2+2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22F2","NaNa2(Fe2+2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22F2","NaNa_2_(Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","NaNa_2_(Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","Na Fe Li Si O F","IMA1993-026, IMA2012 s.p."," ",1960,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Li Si O F","Fffllk","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferro-ferri-holmquistite","Ferro-ferri-holmquistite","☐Li2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Si8O22)(OH)2","☐Li2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Si8O22)(OH)2","[box]Li_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)(Si_8_O_22_)(OH)_2_","[box]Li_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)(Si_8_O_22_)(OH)_2_","Li Fe Si O H","IMA2022-020"," ",7248,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnma","Li Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Ffhlm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferro-ferri-hornblende","Ferro-ferri-hornblende","☐Ca2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","☐Ca2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","[box]Ca_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Ca_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Ca Fe Si Al O H","IMA2015-054"," ",6454,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Ffhbl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Ferro-ferri-katophorite","Ferro-ferri-katophorite","Na(NaCa)(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na(NaCa)(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Fe Si Al O H","IMA2016-008"," ",6535,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Ffktp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferro-ferri-nybøite","Ferro-ferri-nyboite","NaNa2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","NaNa2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","NaNa_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaNa_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Fe Si Al O H","IMA2013-072"," ",1854,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Ffnyb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Ferro-ferri-obertiite","Ferro-ferri-obertiite","NaNa2(Fe2+3Fe3+Ti4+)Si8O22O2","NaNa2(Fe2+3Fe3+Ti)Si8O22O2","NaNa_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^Ti)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","NaNa_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^Ti^4+^)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","Na Fe Ti Si O","IMA2009-034, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5762,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Si O","Ffob","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Ferro-ferri-pedrizite","Ferro-ferri-pedrizite","NaLi2(LiFe2+2Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2","NaLi2(Fe2+2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)2","NaLi_2_(Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","NaLi_2_(LiFe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Li Fe Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",5164,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Li Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Ffpd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferrofettelite","Ferrofettelite","Ag1+16Fe2+As3+4S2-15","[Ag6As2S7][Ag10FeAs2S8]","[Ag_6_As_2_S_7_][Ag_10_FeAs_2_S_8_]","Ag^1+^_16_Fe^2+^As^3+^_4_S^2-^_15_","Ag As S Fe","IMA2021-094"," ",7147,"Fettelite","monoclinic","C2","Ag^1+ Fe^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Fftt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ferro-fluoro-edenite","Ferro-fluoro-edenite","NaCa2Fe2+5(Si7AlO22)F2","NaCa2Fe2+5(Si7AlO22)F2","NaCa_2_Fe^2+^_5_(Si_7_AlO_22_)F_2_","NaCa_2_Fe^2+^_5_(Si_7_AlO_22_)F_2_","Na Ca Fe Si Al O F","IMA2020-058"," ",7072,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Fe^2+ Si Al O F","Ffed","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals","No" +"Ferro-fluoro-pedrizite","Ferro-fluoro-pedrizite","NaLi2(Fe2+2Al2Li)Si8O22F2","NaLi2(Fe2+2Al2Li)Si8O22F2","NaLi_2_(Fe^2+^_2_Al_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","NaLi_2_(Fe^2+^_2_Al_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","Na Li Fe Al Si O F","IMA2008-070, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5730,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Li Fe^2+ Al Si O F","Fflpd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferro-gedrite","Ferro-gedrite","☐Fe2+2(Fe2+3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","☐Fe2+2(Fe2+3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","[box]Fe^2+^_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Fe^2+^_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Fe Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",1888,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnma","Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Fged","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferro-glaucophane","Ferro-glaucophane","☐Na2(Fe2+3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2","☐Na2(Fe2+3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Na_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Na_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Fe Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",1889,"Amphibole",,,"Na Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Fgln","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Ferrohexahydrite","Ferrohexahydrite","Fe2+S6+O4·6H2O","Fe2+(SO4)·6H2O","Fe^2+^(SO_4_)·6H_2_O","Fe^2+^S^6+^O_4_·6H_2_O","Fe S O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1890,"Hexahydrite",,,"Fe^2+ S^6+ O H","Fhhy","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrohögbomite-2N2S","Ferrohogbomite-2N2S","(Fe2+,Mg,Zn2+,Al)3(Al,Ti4+,Fe3+)8O15(OH)","(Fe,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe)8O15(OH)","(Fe,Mg,Zn,Al)_3_(Al,Ti,Fe)_8_O_15_(OH)","(Fe^2+^,Mg,Zn^2+^,Al)_3_(Al,Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_8_O_15_(OH)","Fe Mg Zn Al Ti O H","IMA2001-048"," ",1891,"Hogbömite-Ferrohögbomite","hexagonal","P63mc","Fe^2+ Mg Zn^2+ Al Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O H","Fhög-2N2S","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferro-holmquistite","Ferro-holmquistite","☐Li2(Fe2+3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2","☐Li2(Fe2+3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Li_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Li_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Li Fe Al Si O H","IMA2004-030, IMA2012 s.p."," ",1892,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnma","Li Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Fhlm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferro-hornblende","Ferro-hornblende","☐Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","☐Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","[box]Ca_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Al)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Ca_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Al)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",1893,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Fhbl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferroindialite","Ferroindialite","(Fe2+,Mg)2Al3(AlSi5)O18","(Fe2+,Mg)2Al4Si5O18","(Fe^2+^,Mg)_2_Al_4_Si_5_O_18_","(Fe^2+^,Mg)_2_Al_3_(AlSi_5_)O_18_","Fe Mg Al Si O","IMA2013-016"," ",6177,"Beryl","hexagonal","P6/mcc","Fe^2+ Mg Al Si O","Find","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Ferroinnelite","Ferroinnelite","Ba4Ti4+2Na(NaFe2+)Ti4+(Si2O7)2[(S6+O4)(PO4)]O2[O(OH)]","Ba4Ti2Na(NaFe2+)Ti(Si2O7)2[(SO4)(PO4)]O2[O(OH)]","Ba_4_Ti_2_Na(NaFe^2+^)Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_[(SO_4_)(PO_4_)]O_2_[O(OH)]","Ba_4_Ti^4+^_2_Na(NaFe^2+^)Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_[(S^6+^O_4_)(PO_4_)]O_2_[O(OH)]","Ba Ti Na Fe Si O S P H","IMA2024-029"," ",7543,"Seidozerite","triclinic","P1","Ba Ti^4+ Na Fe^2+ Si O S^6+ P H","Finn",,"No" +"Ferro-katophorite","Ferro-katophorite","NaNaCa[Fe2+4Al](Si7Al)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Fe^2+^_4_Al)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaNaCa[Fe^2+^_4_Al](Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",2609,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Foktp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Ferrokentbrooksite","Ferrokentbrooksite","Na15Ca6Fe2+3Zr4+3Nb5+(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(F,Cl)2","Na15Ca6Fe2+3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(F,Cl)2","Na_15_Ca_6_Fe^2+^_3_Zr_3_Nb(Si_25_O_73_)(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_(F,Cl)_2_","Na_15_Ca_6_Fe^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^(Si_25_O_73_)(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_(F,Cl)_2_","Na Ca Fe Zr Nb Si O H F Cl","IMA1999-046"," ",1895,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ca Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H F Cl","Fktb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferrokësterite","Ferrokesterite","Cu1+2Fe2+Sn4+S2-4","Cu2FeSnS4","Cu_2_FeSnS_4_","Cu^1+^_2_Fe^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Fe Sn S","IMA1985-012"," ",1896,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I4, I42m","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Fkës","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Ferrokinoshitalite","Ferrokinoshitalite","BaFe2+3(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","BaFe2+3(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","BaFe^2+^_3_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","BaFe^2+^_3_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","Ba Fe Si Al O H","IMA1999-026"," ",1897," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba Fe^2+ Si Al O H","Fkns","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Ferrolaueite","Ferrolaueite","Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA1987-046a"," ",1898,"Laueite","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Flae","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferromerrillite","Ferromerrillite","Ca9NaFe2+(PO4)7","Ca9NaFe2+(PO4)7","Ca_9_NaFe^2+^(PO_4_)_7_","Ca_9_NaFe^2+^(PO_4_)_7_","Ca Na Fe P O","IMA2006-039"," ",5557,"Cerite",,,"Ca Na Fe^2+ P O","Fmer","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Ferronickelplatinum","Ferronickelplatinum","Pt2FeNi","Pt2FeNi","Pt_2_FeNi","Pt_2_FeNi","Pt Fe Ni","IMA1982-071"," ",1900,"Potarite","tetragonal","P4/mmm","Pt Fe Ni","Fnpt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Ferronigerite-2N1S","Ferronigerite-2N1S","(Al,Fe3+,Zn2+)2(Al,Sn4+)6O11(OH)","(Al,Fe,Zn)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH)","(Al,Fe,Zn)_2_(Al,Sn)_6_O_11_(OH)","(Al,Fe^3+^,Zn^2+^)_2_(Al,Sn^4+^)_6_O_11_(OH)","Al Fe Zn Sn O H","IMA2001 s.p."," ",1901,"Hogbömite-Nigerite","hexagonal","P3m1","Al Fe^3+ Zn^2+ Sn^4+ O H","Fng-2N1S","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferronigerite-6N6S","Ferronigerite-6N6S","(Al,Fe3+,Zn2+)3(Al,Sn4+,Fe3+)8O15(OH)","(Al,Fe,Zn)3(Al,Sn,Fe)8O15(OH)","(Al,Fe,Zn)_3_(Al,Sn,Fe)_8_O_15_(OH)","(Al,Fe^3+^,Zn^2+^)_3_(Al,Sn^4+^,Fe^3+^)_8_O_15_(OH)","Al Fe Zn Sn O H","IMA2001 s.p."," ",1902,"Hogbömite-Nigerite","hexagonal","R3m, R3","Al Fe^3+ Zn^2+ Sn^4+ O H","Fng-6N6S","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Ferronordite-(Ce)","Ferronordite-(Ce)","Na3SrCe3+Fe2+Si6O17","Na3SrCeFe2+Si6O17","Na_3_SrCeFe^2+^Si_6_O_17_","Na_3_SrCe^3+^Fe^2+^Si_6_O_17_","Na Sr Ce Fe Si O","IMA1997-008"," ",1903,"Nordite","orthorhombic","Pcca","Na Sr Ce^3+ Fe^2+ Si O","Fnor-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferronordite-(La)","Ferronordite-(La)","Na3SrLa3+Fe2+Si6O17","Na3SrLaFe2+Si6O17","Na_3_SrLaFe^2+^Si_6_O_17_","Na_3_SrLa^3+^Fe^2+^Si_6_O_17_","Na Sr La Fe Si O","IMA2000-015"," ",1904,"Nordite","orthorhombic","Pcca","Na Sr La^3+ Fe^2+ Si O","Fnor-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferro-papikeite","Ferro-papikeite","NaFe2+2(Fe2+3Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2","NaFe2+2(Fe2+3Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2","NaFe^2+^_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaFe^2+^_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Fe Al Si O H","IMA2020-021"," ",7032,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnma","Na Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Fpa","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferro-pargasite","Ferro-pargasite","NaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","NaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","NaCa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Al)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaCa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Al)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",1906,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Fprg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferro-pedrizite","Ferro-pedrizite","NaLi2(Fe2+2Al2Li)Si8O22(OH)2","NaLi2(Fe2+2Al2Li)Si8O22(OH)2","NaLi_2_(Fe^2+^_2_Al_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","NaLi_2_(Fe^2+^_2_Al_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Li Fe Al Si O H","IMA2014-037"," ",6311,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Li Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Fopd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferroqingheiite","Ferroqingheiite","Na2Fe2+MgAl(PO4)3","Na2Fe2+MgAl(PO4)3","Na_2_Fe^2+^MgAl(PO_4_)_3_","Na_2_Fe^2+^MgAl(PO_4_)_3_","Na Fe Mg Al P O","IMA2009-076"," ",5806,"Alluaudite-Wyllieite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Fe^2+ Mg Al P O","Qin-Fe2+","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferrorhodonite","Ferrorhodonite","CaMn2+3Fe2+(Si5O15)","CaMn3Fe(Si5O15)","CaMn_3_Fe(Si_5_O_15_)","CaMn^2+^_3_Fe^2+^(Si_5_O_15_)","Ca Mn Fe Si O","IMA2016-016"," ",6544,"Rhodonite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Si O","Frdn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferro-richterite","Ferro-richterite","NaNaCaFe2+5Si8O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)Fe^2+^_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","NaNaCaFe^2+^_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Fe Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",1909,"Amphibole",,,"Na Ca Fe^2+ Si O H","Frct","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Ferrorockbridgeite","Ferrorockbridgeite","(Fe2+,Mn2+)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)","(Fe2+,Mn2+)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)","(Fe^2+^,Mn^2+^)_2_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)","(Fe^2+^,Mn^2+^)_2_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)","Fe Mn P O H","IMA2018-004"," ",6749,"Rockbridgeite","orthorhombic","Bbmm","Fe^2+ Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Forck","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrorosemaryite","Ferrorosemaryite","☐NaFe2+(Fe3+Al)(PO4)3","☐NaFe2+(Fe3+Al)(PO4)3","[box]NaFe^2+^(Fe^3+^Al)(PO_4_)_3_","[box]NaFe^2+^(Fe^3+^Al)(PO_4_)_3_","Na Fe Al P O","IMA2003-063"," ",5261,"Alluaudite-Wyllieite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Al P O","Frmy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferrosaponite","Ferrosaponite","Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O","Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O","Ca_0.3_(Fe^2+^,Mg,Fe^3+^)_3_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_0.3_(Fe^2+^,Mg,Fe^3+^)_3_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Fe Mg Si Al O H","IMA2002-028"," ",4997,"Clay, Smectite-vermiculite","monoclinic",,"Ca Fe^2+ Mg Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Fsap","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferroselite","Ferroselite","FeSe2","FeSe2","FeSe_2_","FeSe_2_","Fe Se"," "," ",1910,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pnnm, Pmnn","Fe Se","Fse","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Ferrosilite","Ferrosilite","Fe2+2Si2O6","Fe2+2Si2O6","Fe^2+^_2_Si_2_O_6_","Fe^2+^_2_Si_2_O_6_","Fe Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",1911,"Pyroxene","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pbca, C2/c","Fe^2+ Si O","Fs","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Ferroskutterudite","Ferroskutterudite","FeAs3","FeAs3","FeAs_3_","FeAs_3_","Fe As","IMA2006-032"," ",5591,"Perovskite, Skutterudite","cubic","Im3m","Fe As","Fskt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Ferrostalderite","Ferrostalderite","Cu1+Fe2+2Tl1+As3+2S2-6","CuFe2TlAs2S6","CuFe_2_TlAs_2_S_6_","Cu^1+^Fe^2+^_2_Tl^1+^As^3+^_2_S^2-^_6_","Cu Fe Tl As S","IMA2014-090"," ",6388,"Routhierite","tetragonal","I42m","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Fstd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ferrostrunzite","Ferrostrunzite","Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O","Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA1983-003"," ",1912,"Strunzite","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Fostz","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrotaaffeite-2N'2S","Ferrotaaffeite-2N2S","(Fe2+,Mg,Zn2+)3Al8BeO16","(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)3Al8BeO16","(Fe^2+^,Mg,Zn)_3_Al_8_BeO_16_","(Fe^2+^,Mg,Zn^2+^)_3_Al_8_BeO_16_","Fe Mg Zn Al Be O","IMA2011-025"," ",5953,"Taaffeite-Ferrotaaffeite","hexagonal","P63mc","Fe^2+ Mg Zn^2+ Al Be O","Ftf-2N'2S","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferrotaaffeite-6N'3S","Ferrotaaffeite-6N3S","BeFe2+2Al6O12","BeFe2+2Al6O12","BeFe^2+^_2_Al_6_O_12_","BeFe^2+^_2_Al_6_O_12_","Be Fe Al O","IMA1979-047, IMA2001 s.p."," ",1913,"Taaffeite-Ferrotaaffeite","hexagonal","R3m","Be Fe^2+ Al O","Ftf-6N'3S","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferro-taramite","Ferro-taramite","Na(NaCa)Fe2+3Al2(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Fe2+3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na(NaCa)Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA2006-023, IMA2012 s.p."," ",4926,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Ftrm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Ferrotitanowodginite","Ferrotitanowodginite","Fe2+Ti4+Ta5+2O8","Fe2+TiTa2O8","Fe^2+^TiTa_2_O_8_","Fe^2+^Ti^4+^Ta^5+^_2_O_8_","Fe Ti Ta O","IMA1998-028"," ",1916,"Columbite","monoclinic","C2/c","Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Ta^5+ O","Ftwdg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferrotochilinite","Ferrotochilinite","6Fe2+S2-·5Fe2+(OH)2","FeS·≈0.85[Fe(OH)2]","FeS·≈0.85[Fe(OH)_2_]","6Fe^2+^S^2-^·5Fe^2+^(OH)_2_","Fe S O H","IMA2010-080"," ",5918,"Tochilinite","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^2+ S^2- O H","Ftch","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrotorryweiserite","Ferrotorryweiserite","Rh5Fe10S16","Rh5Fe10S16","Rh_5_Fe_10_S_16_","Rh_5_Fe_10_S_16_","Rh Fe S","IMA2021-055"," ",7171," ","hexagonal","R3m","Rh Fe S","Ftyw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ferro-tschermakite","Ferro-tschermakite","☐Ca2(Fe2+3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","☐Ca2(Fe2+3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","[box]Ca_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Ca_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA2016-116"," ",6642,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Fts","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ferrotychite","Ferrotychite","Na6Fe2+2(CO3)4(S6+O4)","Na6Fe2+2(CO3)4(SO4)","Na_6_Fe^2+^_2_(CO_3_)_4_(SO_4_)","Na_6_Fe^2+^_2_(CO_3_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)","Na Fe C O S","IMA1980-050"," ",1918,"Northupite","cubic","Fd3","Na Fe^2+ C O S^6+","Ftyc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ferrovalleriite","Ferrovalleriite","2(Fe,Cu)S·1.53[(Fe2+,Al,Mg)(OH)2]","2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Fe,Al,Mg)(OH)2]","2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Fe,Al,Mg)(OH)_2_]","2(Fe,Cu)S·1.53[(Fe^2+^,Al,Mg)(OH)_2_]","Fe Cu S Al Mg O H","IMA2011-068"," ",6011,"Valleriite","hexagonal","R3m","Fe Cu S Fe^2+ Al Mg O H","Fval","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ferrovorontsovite","Ferrovorontsovite","(Fe2+5Cu1+)Tl1+As3+4S2-12","(Fe5Cu)TlAs4S12","(Fe_5_Cu)TlAs_4_S_12_","(Fe^2+^_5_Cu^1+^)Tl^1+^As^3+^_4_S^2-^_12_","Fe Cu Tl As S","IMA2017-007"," ",6649,"Galkhaite, Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Fe^2+ Cu^1+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Fvor","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ferrowodginite","Ferrowodginite","Fe2+Sn4+Ta5+2O8","Fe2+Sn4+Ta2O8","Fe^2+^Sn^4+^Ta_2_O_8_","Fe^2+^Sn^4+^Ta^5+^_2_O_8_","Fe Sn Ta O","IMA1984-006"," ",1920,"Columbite","monoclinic","C2/c","Fe^2+ Sn^4+ Ta^5+ O","Fwdg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferrowyllieite","Ferrowyllieite","NaNaFe2+(Fe2+Al)(PO4)3","NaNaFe2+(Fe2+Al)(PO4)3","NaNaFe^2+^(Fe^2+^Al)(PO_4_)_3_","NaNaFe^2+^(Fe^2+^Al)(PO_4_)_3_","Na Fe Al P O","IMA1979 s.p."," ",1921,"Alluaudite-Wyllieite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Fe^2+ Al P O","Fwyl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ferruccite","Ferruccite","NaBF4","NaBF4","NaBF_4_","NaBF_4_","Na B F"," "," ",1922," ","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Na B F","Fru","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Fersmanite","Fersmanite","Ca4(Na,Ca)4(Ti4+,Nb5+)4(Si2O7)2O8F3","Ca4(Na,Ca)4(Ti,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8F3","Ca_4_(Na,Ca)_4_(Ti,Nb)_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_8_F_3_","Ca_4_(Na,Ca)_4_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_8_F_3_","Ca Na Ti Nb Si O F"," "," ",1923," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Na Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O F","Fsn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fersmite","Fersmite","CaNb5+2O6","CaNb2O6","CaNb_2_O_6_","CaNb^5+^_2_O_6_","Ca Nb O","IMA2022 s.p."," ",1924,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn, Pcan","Ca Nb^5+ O","Fsm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Feruvite","Feruvite","CaFe2+3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH","CaFe2+3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","CaFe^2+^_3_(Al_5_Mg)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","CaFe^2+^_3_(Al_5_Mg)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_OH","Ca Fe Al Mg Si O B H","IMA1987-057"," ",1925,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Fe^2+ Al Mg Si O B H","Fuvt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Fervanite","Fervanite","Fe3+4V5+4O16·5H2O","Fe3+4V5+4O16·5H2O","Fe^3+^_4_V^5+^_4_O_16_·5H_2_O","Fe^3+^_4_V^5+^_4_O_16_·5H_2_O","Fe V O H"," "," ",1926," ",,,"Fe^3+ V^5+ O H","Fvn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fetiasite","Fetiasite","(Fe2+,Fe3+,Ti4+)3O2As3+2O5","(Fe2+,Fe3+,Ti4+)3O2As3+2O5","(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^,Ti^4+^)_3_O_2_As^3+^_2_O_5_","(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^,Ti^4+^)_3_O_2_As^3+^_2_O_5_","Fe Ti O As","IMA1991-019"," ",1927," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O As^3+","Fet","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Fettelite","Fettelite","Ag1+16Hg2+As3+4S2-15","[Ag6As2S7][Ag10HgAs2S8]","[Ag_6_As_2_S_7_][Ag_10_HgAs_2_S_8_]","Ag^1+^_16_Hg^2+^As^3+^_4_S^2-^_15_","Ag As S Hg","IMA1994-056"," ",1928,"Fettelite","monoclinic, hexagonal","C2, P3m1","Ag^1+ Hg^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Ftt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Feynmanite","Feynmanite","Na(U6+O2)(S6+O4)(OH)·3.5H2O","Na(UO2)(SO4)(OH)·3.5H2O","Na(UO_2_)(SO_4_)(OH)·3.5H_2_O","Na(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·3.5H_2_O","Na U O S H","IMA2017-035"," ",6672," ","monoclinic","P2/n","Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Fey","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fianelite","Fianelite","Mn2+2V5+2O7·2H2O","Mn2+2V2O7·2H2O","Mn^2+^_2_V_2_O_7_·2H_2_O","Mn^2+^_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_·2H_2_O","Mn V O H","IMA1995-016"," ",1929,"Fianelite","monoclinic","P21/n","Mn^2+ V^5+ O H","Fnl","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fibroferrite","Fibroferrite","Fe3+S6+O4(OH)·5H2O","Fe3+(SO4)(OH)·5H2O","Fe^3+^(SO_4_)(OH)·5H_2_O","Fe^3+^S^6+^O_4_(OH)·5H_2_O","Fe S O H"," "," ",1930,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic, hexagonal","R3","Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Ffr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fichtelite","Fichtelite","C19H34","C19H34","C_19_H_34_","C_19_H_34_","C H"," "," ",1931," ","monoclinic","P21","C H","Fic","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Fiedlerite","Fiedlerite","Pb2+3Cl4F(OH)·H2O","Pb3Cl4F(OH)·H2O","Pb_3_Cl_4_F(OH)·H_2_O","Pb^2+^_3_Cl_4_F(OH)·H_2_O","Pb Cl F O H","IMA1994 s.p."," ",1932," ","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, P21/a","Pb^2+ Cl F O H","Fie","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Fiemmeite","Fiemmeite","Cu2+2((C2)6+O4)(OH)2·2H2O","Cu2(C2O4)(OH)2·2H2O","Cu_2_(C_2_O_4_)(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Cu C O H","IMA2017-115"," ",6742,"Not in a structural group, Oxalate","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ C O H","Fmm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Filatovite","Filatovite","K(Al,Zn2+)2(As5+,Si)2O8","K(Al,Zn)2(As,Si)2O8","K(Al,Zn)_2_(As,Si)_2_O_8_","K(Al,Zn^2+^)_2_(As^5+^,Si)_2_O_8_","K Al Zn As Si O","IMA2002-052"," ",5204,"Feldspar","monoclinic","I2/c","K Al Zn^2+ As^5+ Si O","Ftv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Filipstadite","Filipstadite","(Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2+2O4","(Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2+2O4","(Fe^3+^_0.5_Sb^5+^_0.5_)Mn^2+^_2_O_4_","(Fe^3+^_0.5_Sb^5+^_0.5_)Mn^2+^_2_O_4_","Fe Sb Mn O","IMA1987-010"," ",1933,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Fe^3+ Sb^5+ Mn^2+ O","Fps","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Fillowite","Fillowite","Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9","Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9","Na_3_CaMn^2+^_11_(PO_4_)_9_","Na_3_CaMn^2+^_11_(PO_4_)_9_","Na Ca Mn P O"," "," ",1934,"Fillowite","hexagonal","R3","Na Ca Mn^2+ P O","Fil","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Finchite","Finchite","Sr(U6+O2)2(V5+2O8)·5H2O","Sr(UO2)2(V2O8)·5H2O","Sr(UO_2_)_2_(V_2_O_8_)·5H_2_O","Sr(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^_2_O_8_)·5H_2_O","Sr U O V H","IMA2017-052"," ",6682,"Fritzscheite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Sr U^6+ O V^5+ H","Fin","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Finescreekite","Finescreekite","[Pb2+4(OH)4](S6+O3S2-)2","[Pb4(OH)4](S2O3)2","[Pb_4_(OH)_4_](S_2_O_3_)_2_","[Pb^2+^_4_(OH)_4_](S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_2_","Pb O H S","IMA2022-030"," ",7257," ","orthorhombic","P212121","Pb^2+ O H S^6+ S^2-","Fnck","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fingerite","Fingerite","Cu2+11O2(V5+O4)6","Cu11O2(VO4)6","Cu_11_O_2_(VO_4_)_6_","Cu^2+^_11_O_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_6_","Cu O V","IMA1983-064"," ",1935," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ O V^5+","Fgr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Finnemanite","Finnemanite","Pb2+5(As3+O3)3Cl","Pb5(As3+O3)3Cl","Pb_5_(As^3+^O_3_)_3_Cl","Pb^2+^_5_(As^3+^O_3_)_3_Cl","Pb As O Cl"," "," ",1936,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m, P63","Pb^2+ As^3+ O Cl","Fnn","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fischesserite","Fischesserite","Ag3AuSe2","Ag3AuSe2","Ag_3_AuSe_2_","Ag_3_AuSe_2_","Ag Au Se","IMA1971-010"," ",1937," ","cubic","I4132","Ag Au Se","Fis","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Fivegite","Fivegite","K4Ca2[AlSi7O17(O2-x(OH)x)][(H2O)2-x(OH)x]Cl (x = 0-2)","K4Ca2[AlSi7O17(O2-x(OH)x)][(H2O)2-x(OH)x]Cl (x = 0-2)","K_4_Ca_2_[AlSi_7_O_17_(O_2-x_(OH)_x_)][(H_2_O)_2-x_(OH)_x_]Cl (x = 0-2)","K_4_Ca_2_[AlSi_7_O_17_(O_2-x_(OH)_x_)][(H_2_O)_2-x_(OH)_x_]Cl (x = 0-2)","K Ca Al Si O H Cl","IMA2009-067"," ",5796,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pm21n","K Ca Al Si O H Cl","Fiv","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fizélyite","Fizelyite","Ag1+5Pb2+14Sb3+21S2-48","Ag5Pb14Sb21S48","Ag_5_Pb_14_Sb_21_S_48_","Ag^1+^_5_Pb^2+^_14_Sb^3+^_21_S^2-^_48_","Ag Pb Sb S"," "," ",4947,"Lillianite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Fiz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Flaggite","Flaggite","Pb2+4Cu2+4Te6+2(S6+O4)2O11(OH)2(H2O)","Pb4Cu2+4Te6+2(SO4)2O11(OH)2(H2O)","Pb_4_Cu^2+^_4_Te^6+^_2_(SO_4_)_2_O_11_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)","Pb^2+^_4_Cu^2+^_4_Te^6+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_O_11_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)","Pb Cu Te S O H","IMA2021-044"," ",7151," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ S^6+ O H","Flg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Flagstaffite","Flagstaffite","C10H22O3","C10H22O3","C_10_H_22_O_3_","C_10_H_22_O_3_","C H O"," "," ",1938," ","orthorhombic","Fdd2","C H O","Fsf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Flamite","Flamite","Ca8-x(Na,K)x(SiO4)4-x(PO4)x","Ca8-x(Na,K)x(SiO4)4-x(PO4)x","Ca_8-x_(Na,K)_x_(SiO_4_)_4-x_(PO_4_)_x_","Ca_8-x_(Na,K)_x_(SiO_4_)_4-x_(PO_4_)_x_","Ca Na K Si O P","IMA2013-122"," ",6282,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63","Ca Na K Si O P","Fmt","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Fleetite","Fleetite","Cu2RhIrSb2","Cu2RhIrSb2","Cu_2_RhIrSb_2_","Cu_2_RhIrSb_2_","Cu Rh Ir Sb","IMA2018-073b"," ",6993,"Not in a structural group","cubic","Fd3m","Cu Rh Ir Sb","Fle","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Fleischerite","Fleischerite","Pb2+3Ge(S6+O4)2(OH)6·3H2O","Pb3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O","Pb_3_Ge(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Pb^2+^_3_Ge(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Pb Ge S O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",1939,"Fleischerite","hexagonal","P62c","Pb^2+ Ge S^6+ O H","Fsh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fleisstalite","Fleisstalite","Fe2+(S4+O3)·3H2O","Fe2+(SO3)·3H2O","Fe^2+^(SO_3_)·3H_2_O","Fe^2+^(S^4+^O_3_)·3H_2_O","Fe S O H","IMA2016-038"," ",6566,"Gravegliaite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Fe^2+ S^4+ O H","Fss","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fletcherite","Fletcherite","Cu2+Ni3+2S2-4","CuNi2S4","CuNi_2_S_4_","Cu^2+^Ni^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Cu Ni S","IMA1976-044"," ",1940,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Cu^2+ Ni^3+ S^2-","Ftc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Flinkite","Flinkite","Mn2+2Mn3+As5+O4(OH)4","Mn2+2Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)4","Mn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^(AsO_4_)(OH)_4_","Mn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)_4_","Mn As O H"," "," ",1941,"Allactite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mn^2+ Mn^3+ As^5+ O H","Fln","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Flinteite","Flinteite","K2Zn2+Cl4","K2ZnCl4","K_2_ZnCl_4_","K_2_Zn^2+^Cl_4_","K Zn Cl","IMA2014-009"," ",6302," ","orthorhombic","Pna21","K Zn^2+ Cl","Fnt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Florencite-(Ce)","Florencite-(Ce)","Ce3+Al3(PO4)2(OH)6","CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6","CeAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ce^3+^Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ce Al P O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1942,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Ce^3+ Al P O H","Flo-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Florencite-(La)","Florencite-(La)","La3+Al3(PO4)2(OH)6","LaAl3(PO4)2(OH)6","LaAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","La^3+^Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","La Al P O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1943,"Alunite-crandallite",,,"La^3+ Al P O H","Flo-La","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Florencite-(Nd)","Florencite-(Nd)","NdAl3(PO4)2(OH)6","NdAl3(PO4)2(OH)6","NdAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","NdAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Nd Al P O H","IMA1971-xxx"," ",1944,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Nd Al P O H","Flo-Nd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Florencite-(Sm)","Florencite-(Sm)","Sm3+Al3(PO4)2(OH)6","SmAl3(PO4)2(OH)6","SmAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Sm^3+^Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Sm Al P O H","IMA2009-074"," ",5804,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Sm^3+ Al P O H","Flo-Sm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Florenskyite","Florenskyite","FeTiP","FeTiP","FeTiP","FeTiP","Fe Ti P","IMA1999-013"," ",1945,"Barringerite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Fe Ti P","Fsk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Florensovite","Florensovite","Cu1+(Cr3+1.5Sb5+0.5)S2-4","Cu(Cr1.5Sb0.5)S4","Cu(Cr_1.5_Sb_0.5_)S_4_","Cu^1+^(Cr^3+^_1.5_Sb^5+^_0.5_)S^2-^_4_","Cu Cr Sb S","IMA1987-012"," ",1946,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Cu^1+ Cr^3+ Sb^5+ S^2-","Frs","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Flörkeite","Florkeite","(K3Ca2Na)[Al8Si8O32]·12H2O","(K3Ca2Na)[Al8Si8O32]·12H2O","(K_3_Ca_2_Na)[Al_8_Si_8_O_32_]·12H_2_O","(K_3_Ca_2_Na)[Al_8_Si_8_O_32_]·12H_2_O","K Ca Na Al Si O H","IMA2008-036"," ",5696," ","triclinic","P1","K Ca Na Al Si O H","Flö","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluckite","Fluckite","CaMn2+(As5+O3OH)2·2H2O","CaMn2+(AsO3OH)2·2H2O","CaMn^2+^(AsO_3_OH)_2_·2H_2_O","CaMn^2+^(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Mn As O H","IMA1978-054"," ",1947,"Krautite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Fck","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Fluellite","Fluellite","Al2(PO4)F2(OH)·7H2O","Al2(PO4)F2(OH)·7H2O","Al_2_(PO_4_)F_2_(OH)·7H_2_O","Al_2_(PO_4_)F_2_(OH)·7H_2_O","Al P O F H"," "," ",1948," ","orthorhombic","Fddd","Al P O F H","Fll","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fluoborite","Fluoborite","Mg3(BO3)F3","Mg3(BO3)F3","Mg_3_(BO_3_)F_3_","Mg_3_(BO_3_)F_3_","Mg B O F"," "," ",1949," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Mg B O F","Fbo","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Fluocerite-(Ce)","Fluocerite-(Ce)","Ce3+F3","CeF3","CeF_3_","Ce^3+^F_3_","Ce F","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1950,"Fluocerite","hexagonal","P3c1, P6322","Ce^3+ F","Fcrt-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Fluocerite-(La)","Fluocerite-(La)","La3+F3","LaF3","LaF_3_","La^3+^F_3_","La F","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1951,"Fluocerite","hexagonal","P3c1, P63/mmc, P6322","La^3+ F","Fcrt-La","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Fluoralforsite","Fluoralforsite","Ba5(PO4)3F","Ba5(PO4)3F","Ba_5_(PO_4_)_3_F","Ba_5_(PO_4_)_3_F","Ba P O F","IMA2022-093"," ",7318,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ba P O F","Fafr",,"No" +"Fluorannite","Fluorannite","KFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2","KFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2","KFe^2+^_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_F_2_","KFe^2+^_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_F_2_","K Fe Si Al O F","IMA1999-048"," ",1952,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","K Fe^2+ Si Al O F","Fann","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Fluorapatite","Fluorapatite","Ca5(PO4)3F","Ca5(PO4)3F","Ca_5_(PO_4_)_3_F","Ca_5_(PO_4_)_3_F","Ca P O F","IMA2010 s.p."," ",1953,"Apatite","hexagonal, monoclinic","P63/m, P21/m","Ca P O F","Fap","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Fluorapophyllite-(Cs)","Fluorapophyllite-(Cs)","CsCa4(Si8O20)F(H2O)8","CsCa4(Si8O20)F(H2O)8","CsCa_4_(Si_8_O_20_)F(H_2_O)_8_","CsCa_4_(Si_8_O_20_)F(H_2_O)_8_","Cs Ca Si O F H","IMA2018-108a"," ",6891,"Apophyllite","tetragonal","P4/nnc","Cs Ca Si O F H","Fapo-Cs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluorapophyllite-(K)","Fluorapophyllite-(K)","KCa4Si8O20F·8H2O","KCa4Si8O20F·8H2O","KCa_4_Si_8_O_20_F·8H_2_O","KCa_4_Si_8_O_20_F·8H_2_O","K Ca Si O F H","IMA1978 s.p."," ",1954,"Apophyllite","tetragonal","P4/mnc","K Ca Si O F H","Fapo-K","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Fluorapophyllite-(Na)","Fluorapophyllite-(Na)","NaCa4Si8O20F·8H2O","NaCa4Si8O20F·8H2O","NaCa_4_Si_8_O_20_F·8H_2_O","NaCa_4_Si_8_O_20_F·8H_2_O","Na Ca Si O F H","IMA1976-032"," ",3300,"Apophyllite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Na Ca Si O F H","Fapo-Na","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Fluorapophyllite-(NH4)","Fluorapophyllite-(NH4)","(N3-H4)Ca4(Si8O20)F·8H2O","(NH4)Ca4(Si8O20)F·8H2O","(NH_4_)Ca_4_(Si_8_O_20_)F·8H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)Ca_4_(Si_8_O_20_)F·8H_2_O","N H Ca Si O F","IMA2019-083"," ",6971,"Apophyllite","tetragonal","P4/mnc","N^3- H Ca Si O F","Fapo-NH4","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks","No" +"Fluorarrojadite-(BaFe)","Fluorarrojadite-(BaFe)","Na2CaBaFe2+Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)F2","Na2CaBaFe2+Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)F2","Na_2_CaBaFe^2+^Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)F_2_","Na_2_CaBaFe^2+^Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)F_2_","Na Ca Ba Fe Al P O H F","IMA2005-058a"," ",5344,"Arrojadite","monoclinic","Cc","Na Ca Ba Fe^2+ Al P O H F","Fajd-BaFe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fluorarrojadite-(BaNa)","Fluorarrojadite-(BaNa)","BaNa4CaFe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)F2","BaNa4CaFe13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)F2","BaNa_4_CaFe_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)F_2_","BaNa_4_CaFe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)F_2_","Ba Na Ca Fe Al P O H F","IMA2016-075"," ",5343,"Arrojadite","monoclinic","Cc","Ba Na Ca Fe^2+ Al P O H F","Fajd-BaNa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fluorbarytolamprophyllite","Fluorbarytolamprophyllite","(BaK)Ti4+2Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2O2F2","(BaK)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2F2","(BaK)Ti_2_Na_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","(BaK)Ti^4+^_2_Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Ba K Ti Na Si O F","IMA2016-089"," ",6615,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba K Ti^4+ Na Si O F","Fblmp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluorbritholite-(Ce)","Fluorbritholite-(Ce)","Ca2Ce3+3(SiO4)3F","(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F","(Ce,Ca)_5_(SiO_4_)_3_F","Ca_2_Ce^3+^_3_(SiO_4_)_3_F","Ce Ca Si O F","IMA1991-027"," ",1955,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63","Ca Ce^3+ Si O F","Fbri-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluorbritholite-(La)","Fluorbritholite-(La)","Ca2La3+3(SiO4)3F","Ca2La3(SiO4)3F","Ca_2_La_3_(SiO_4_)_3_F","Ca_2_La^3+^_3_(SiO_4_)_3_F","Ca La Si O F","IMA2025-027"," ",7588,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca La^3+ Si O F","Fbri-La",,"No" +"Fluorbritholite-(Nd)","Fluorbritholite-(Nd)","Ca2Nd3(SiO4)3F","Ca2Nd3(SiO4)3F","Ca_2_Nd_3_(SiO_4_)_3_F","Ca_2_Nd_3_(SiO_4_)_3_F","Ca Nd Si O F","IMA2023-001"," ",7359,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Nd Si O F","Fbri-Nd",,"No" +"Fluorbritholite-(Y)","Fluorbritholite-(Y)","(Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3F","(Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3F","(Y,Ca)_5_(SiO_4_)_3_F","(Y,Ca)_5_(SiO_4_)_3_F","Y Ca Si O F","IMA2009-005"," ",5733,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Y Ca Si O F","Fbri-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluor-buergerite","Fluor-buergerite","NaFe3+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F","NaFe3+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F","NaFe^3+^_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_O_3_F","NaFe^3+^_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_O_3_F","Na Fe Al Si O B F","IMA1965-005"," ",1243,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Fe^3+ Al Si O B F","Fbu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fluorcalciobritholite","Fluorcalciobritholite","(Ca,REE)5(SiO4,PO4)3F","(Ca,REE)5(SiO4,PO4)3F","(Ca,REE)_5_(SiO_4_,PO_4_)_3_F","(Ca,REE)_5_(SiO_4_,PO_4_)_3_F","Ca REE Si O P F","IMA2006-010"," ",5519,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca REE Si O P F","Fcbri","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluorcalciomicrolite","Fluorcalciomicrolite","(Ca,Na)2Ta5+2O6F","(Ca,Na,☐)2Ta2O6F","(Ca,Na,[box])_2_Ta_2_O_6_F","(Ca,Na)_2_Ta^5+^_2_O_6_F","Ca Na Ta O F","IMA2012-036"," ",6040,"Pyrochlore-microlite","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Ca Na Ta^5+ O F","Fcmic","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fluorcalciopyrochlore","Fluorcalciopyrochlore","(Ca,Na)2(Nb5+,Ti4+)2O6F","(Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F","(Ca,Na)_2_(Nb,Ti)_2_O_6_F","(Ca,Na)_2_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_2_O_6_F","Ca Na Nb Ti O F","IMA2013-055"," ",6218,"Pyrochlore-Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Ca Na Nb^5+ Ti^4+ O F","Fcpcl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluorcalcioroméite","Fluorcalcioromeite","(Ca,Na)2Sb5+2O6F","(Ca,Na)2Sb5+2O6F","(Ca,Na)_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_6_F","(Ca,Na)_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_6_F","Ca Na Sb O F","IMA2012-093"," ",6143,"Pyrochlore-Roméite","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Ca Na Sb^5+ O F","Fcrm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fluorcanasite","Fluorcanasite","K3Na3Ca5Si12O30F4·H2O","K3Na3Ca5Si12O30F4·H2O","K_3_Na_3_Ca_5_Si_12_O_30_F_4_·H_2_O","K_3_Na_3_Ca_5_Si_12_O_30_F_4_·H_2_O","K Na Ca Si O F H","IMA2007-031"," ",5632," ","monoclinic","Cm","K Na Ca Si O F H","Fcns","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluorcaphite","Fluorcaphite","SrCaCa3(PO4)3F","SrCaCa3(PO4)3F","SrCaCa_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","SrCaCa_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","Sr Ca P O F","IMA1996-022"," ",1956,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63","Sr Ca P O F","Fcp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Fluorcarletonite","Fluorcarletonite","KNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)4F·H2O","KNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)4F·H2O","KNa_4_Ca_4_Si_8_O_18_(CO_3_)_4_F·H_2_O","KNa_4_Ca_4_Si_8_O_18_(CO_3_)_4_F·H_2_O","K Na Ca Si O C F H","IMA2019-038"," ",6926,"Carletonite","tetragonal","P4/mbm","K Na Ca Si O C F H","Fcto","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluorcarmoite-(BaNa)","Fluorcarmoite-(BaNa)","Ba☐Na2Na2☐CaMg13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)F2","Ba☐Na2Na2☐CaMg13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)F2","Ba[box]Na_2_Na_2_[box]CaMg_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)F_2_","Ba[box]Na_2_Na_2_[box]CaMg_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)F_2_","Ba Na Ca Mg Al P O H F","IMA2015-062"," ",6464,"Arrojadite","monoclinic","Cc","Ba Na Ca Mg Al P O H F","Fcm-BaNa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fluorchegemite","Fluorchegemite","Ca7(SiO4)3F2","Ca7(SiO4)3F2","Ca_7_(SiO_4_)_3_F_2_","Ca_7_(SiO_4_)_3_F_2_","Ca Si O F","IMA2011-112"," ",6055,"Humite",,,"Ca Si O F","Fcgm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals","No" +"Fluor-dravite","Fluor-dravite","NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","NaMg_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","NaMg_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","Na Mg Al Si O B H F","IMA2009-089"," ",5818,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Mg Al Si O B H F","Fdrv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Fluor-elbaite","Fluor-elbaite","Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","Na(Li_1.5_Al_1.5_)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","Na(Li_1.5_Al_1.5_)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","Na Li Al Si O B H F","IMA2011-071"," ",6014,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Li Al Si O B H F","Felb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Fluorellestadite","Fluorellestadite","Ca5(SiO4)1.5(S6+O4)1.5F","Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5F","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_1.5_(SO_4_)_1.5_F","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_1.5_(S^6+^O_4_)_1.5_F","Ca Si O S F","IMA1987-002"," ",1957,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Si O S^6+ F","Fel","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Fluorite","Fluorite","CaF2","CaF2","CaF_2_","CaF_2_","Ca F"," "," ",1958,"Fluorite","cubic","Fm3m","Ca F","Flr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Fluorkyuygenite","Fluorkyuygenite","Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2]","Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2]","Ca_12_Al_14_O_32_[(H_2_O)_4_F_2_]","Ca_12_Al_14_O_32_[(H_2_O)_4_F_2_]","Ca Al O H F","IMA2013-043"," ",6207,"Mayenite","cubic","I43d","Ca Al O H F","Fky","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Fluorlamprophyllite","Fluorlamprophyllite","(SrNa)Ti4+2Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2O2F2","(SrNa)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2F2","(SrNa)Ti_2_Na_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","(SrNa)Ti^4+^_2_Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Sr Na Ti Si O F","IMA2013-102"," ",6198,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","monoclinic",,"Sr Na Ti^4+ Si O F","Flmp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluor-liddicoatite","Fluor-liddicoatite","Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","Ca(Li_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","Ca(Li_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","Ca Li Al Si O B H F","IMA1976-041"," ",2843,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Li Al Si O B H F","Fld","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fluorluanshiweiite","Fluorluanshiweiite","KLiAl1.5☐0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2","KLiAl1.5☐0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2","KLiAl_1.5_[box]_0.5_(Si_3.5_Al_0.5_)O_10_F_2_","KLiAl_1.5_[box]_0.5_(Si_3.5_Al_0.5_)O_10_F_2_","K Li Al Si O F","IMA2019-053"," ",6942,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","K Li Al Si O F","Flw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fluormacraeite","Fluormacraeite","[(H2O)K]Mn2+2(Fe3+2Ti4+)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10·4H2O","[(H2O)K]Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10·4H2O","[(H_2_O)K]Mn_2_(Fe_2_Ti)(PO_4_)_4_(OF)(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","[(H_2_O)K]Mn^2+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2_Ti^4+^)(PO_4_)_4_(OF)(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","H O K Mn Fe Ti P F","IMA2024-054"," ",7508,"Paulkerrite","monoclinic","P21/c","H O K Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ P F","Fmacr",,"No" +"Fluormayenite","Fluormayenite","Ca12Al14O32[☐4F2]","Ca12Al14O32[☐4F2]","Ca_12_Al_14_O_32_[[box]_4_F_2_]","Ca_12_Al_14_O_32_[[box]_4_F_2_]","Ca Al O F","IMA2013-019"," ",6182,"Mayenite","cubic","I43d","Ca Al O F","Fmy","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Fluornatrocoulsellite","Fluornatrocoulsellite","(Na1.5Ca0.5)(Mg1.5Al0.5)F6F","(Na1.5Ca0.5)(Mg1.5Al0.5)F6F","(Na_1.5_Ca_0.5_)(Mg_1.5_Al_0.5_)F_6_F","(Na_1.5_Ca_0.5_)(Mg_1.5_Al_0.5_)F_6_F","Na Ca Mg Al F","IMA2009-070"," ",5799,"Pyrochlore","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ca Mg Al F","Fnc","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Fluornatromicrolite","Fluornatromicrolite","(Na1.5Bi3+0.5)Ta5+2O6F","(Na1.5Bi0.5)Ta2O6F","(Na_1.5_Bi_0.5_)Ta_2_O_6_F","(Na_1.5_Bi^3+^_0.5_)Ta^5+^_2_O_6_F","Na Bi Ta O F","IMA1998-018"," ",5188,"Pyrochlore-microlite","cubic","Fd3m","Na Bi^3+ Ta^5+ O F","Fnmic","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fluornatropyrochlore","Fluornatropyrochlore","(Na,Pb2+,Ca,REE3+,U6+)2Nb5+2O6F","(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)2Nb2O6F","(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)_2_Nb_2_O_6_F","(Na,Pb^2+^,Ca,REE^3+^,U^6+^)_2_Nb^5+^_2_O_6_F","Na Pb Ca REE U Nb O F","IMA2013-056"," ",6219,"Pyrochlore-Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","Na Pb^2+ Ca REE^3+ U^6+ Nb^5+ O F","Fnpcl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluoro-cannilloite","Fluoro-cannilloite","CaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si5Al3)O22F2","CaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si5Al3)O22F2","CaCa_2_(Mg_4_Al)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_F_2_","CaCa_2_(Mg_4_Al)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_F_2_","Ca Mg Al Si O F","IMA1993-033, IMA2012 s.p."," ",1962,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mg Al Si O F","Fca","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Fluorocronite","Fluorocronite","Pb2+F2","PbF2","PbF_2_","Pb^2+^F_2_","Pb F","IMA2010-023"," ",5852,"Fluorite","cubic","Fm3m","Pb^2+ F","Flc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fluoro-edenite","Fluoro-edenite","NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2","NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2","NaCa_2_Mg_5_(Si_7_Al)O_22_F_2_","NaCa_2_Mg_5_(Si_7_Al)O_22_F_2_","Na Ca Mg Si Al O F","IMA1994-059, IMA2012 s.p."," ",1959,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Si Al O F","Fled","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Fluorokinoshitalite","Fluorokinoshitalite","BaMg3Al2Si2O10F2","BaMg3Al2Si2O10F2","BaMg_3_Al_2_Si_2_O_10_F_2_","BaMg_3_Al_2_Si_2_O_10_F_2_","Ba Mg Al Si O F","IMA2010-001"," ",5828,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba Mg Al Si O F","Flkns","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Fluoro-leakeite","Fluoro-leakeite","NaNa2(Mg2Al2Li)Si8O22F2","NaNa2(Mg2Al2Li)Si8O22F2","NaNa_2_(Mg_2_Al_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","NaNa_2_(Mg_2_Al_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","Na Mg Al Li Si O F","IMA2009-012, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5741,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Al Li Si O F","Fllk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluoro-nybøite","Fluoro-nyboite","NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(Si7Al)O22F2","NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(Si7Al)O22F2","NaNa_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_7_Al)O_22_F_2_","NaNa_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_7_Al)O_22_F_2_","Na Mg Al Si O F","IMA2002-010, IMA2012 s.p."," ",4998,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Al Si O F","Fnyb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Fluoro-pargasite","Fluoro-pargasite","NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22F2","NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22F2","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Al)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_F_2_","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Al)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_F_2_","Na Ca Mg Al Si O F","IMA2003-050, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5251,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Al Si O F","Flprg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fluoro-pedrizite","Fluoro-pedrizite","NaLi2(Mg2Al2Li)Si8O22F2","NaLi2(Mg2Al2Li)Si8O22F2","NaLi_2_(Mg_2_Al_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","NaLi_2_(Mg_2_Al_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","Na Li Mg Al Si O F","IMA2004-002, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5265,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Li Mg Al Si O F","Flpd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fluorophlogopite","Fluorophlogopite","KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2","KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2","KMg_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_F_2_","KMg_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_F_2_","K Mg Si Al O F","IMA2006-011"," ",5325,"Mica","monoclinic, hexagonal","Cm, P3112, C2/m","K Mg Si Al O F","Fphl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Fluoro-richterite","Fluoro-richterite","Na(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22F2","Na(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22F2","Na(NaCa)Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_F_2_","Na(NaCa)Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_F_2_","Na Ca Mg Si O F","IMA1992-020, IMA2012 s.p."," ",1963,"Amphibole","monoclinic","I2/m","Na Ca Mg Si O F","Flrct","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Fluoro-riebeckite","Fluoro-riebeckite","☐Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22F2","☐Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22F2","[box]Na_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","[box]Na_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","Na Fe Si O F","IMA2012 s.p."," ",5338,"Amphibole-amphiboles sodic","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O F","Frbk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Fluoro-taramite","Fluoro-taramite","Na(NaCa)(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22F2","Na(NaCa)(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22F2","Na(NaCa)(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_F_2_","Na(NaCa)(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_F_2_","Na Ca Mg Al Si O F","IMA2006-025, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5527,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Al Si O F","Fltrm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Fluorotetraferriphlogopite","Fluorotetraferriphlogopite","KMg3Fe3+Si3O10F2","KMg3Fe3+Si3O10F2","KMg_3_Fe^3+^Si_3_O_10_F_2_","KMg_3_Fe^3+^Si_3_O_10_F_2_","K Mg Fe Si O F","IMA2010-002"," ",5829,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mg Fe^3+ Si O F","Ftfphl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Fluoro-tremolite","Fluoro-tremolite","☐Ca2Mg5Si8O22F2","☐Ca2Mg5Si8O22F2","[box]Ca_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_F_2_","[box]Ca_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_F_2_","Ca Mg Si O F","IMA2016-018"," ",6546,"Amphibole-amphiboles calcic","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mg Si O F","Ftr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Fluorowardite","Fluorowardite","NaAl3(PO4)2F2(OH)2·2H2O","NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)2F2·2H2O","NaAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_F_2_·2H_2_O","NaAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Na Al P O H F","IMA2012-016"," ",6074,"Wardite","tetragonal","P41212","Na Al P O F H","Fwd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fluorphosphohedyphane","Fluorphosphohedyphane","Ca2Pb2+3(PO4)3F","Ca2Pb3(PO4)3F","Ca_2_Pb_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","Ca_2_Pb^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","Ca Pb P O F","IMA2008-068"," ",5727,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Pb^2+ P O F","Fphdy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fluorpyromorphite","Fluorpyromorphite","Pb2+5(PO4)3F","Pb5(PO4)3F","Pb_5_(PO_4_)_3_F","Pb^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_3_F","Pb P O F","IMA2021-120"," ",7224,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Pb^2+ P O F","Fpym","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Fluor-rewitzerite","Fluor-rewitzerite","[(H2O)K]Mn2+2(Al2Ti4+)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10·4H2O","[(H2O)K]Mn2(Al2Ti)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10·4H2O","[(H_2_O)K]Mn_2_(Al_2_Ti)(PO_4_)_4_(OF)(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","[(H_2_O)K]Mn^2+^_2_(Al_2_Ti^4+^)(PO_4_)_4_(OF)(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","H O K Mn Al Ti P F","IMA2023-115"," ",7463,"Paulkerrite","monoclinic","P21/c","H O K Mn^2+ Al Ti^4+ P F","Frwz",,"No" +"Fluor-rossmanite","Fluor-rossmanite","☐(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","☐(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","[box](Al_2_Li)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","[box](Al_2_Li)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","Al Li Si O B H F","IMA2023-111"," ",7458,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m, R3m","Al Li Si O B H F","Frsm",,"No" +"Fluor-schorl","Fluor-schorl","NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","NaFe^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","NaFe^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","Na Fe Al Si O B H F","IMA2010-067"," ",5906,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Fe^2+ Al Si O B H F","Fsrl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Fluorsigaiite","Fluorsigaiite","Ca2Sr3(PO4)3F","Ca2Sr3(PO4)3F","Ca_2_Sr_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","Ca_2_Sr_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","Ca Sr P O F","IMA2021-087a"," ",7217,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Sr P O F","Fsig","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Fluorstrophite","Fluorstrophite","SrCaSr3(PO4)3F","SrCaSr3(PO4)3F","SrCaSr_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","SrCaSr_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","Sr Ca P O F","IMA2010 s.p."," ",4236,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63","Sr Ca P O F","Fstr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Fluor-tsilaisite","Fluor-tsilaisite","NaMn2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","NaMn2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","NaMn^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","NaMn^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","Na Mn Al Si O B H F","IMA2012-044"," ",6097,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Mn^2+ Al Si O B H F","Ftl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Fluor-uvite","Fluor-uvite","CaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","CaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F","CaMg_3_(Al_5_Mg)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","CaMg_3_(Al_5_Mg)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_F","Ca Mg Al Si O B H F","IMA2011 s.p."," ",4552,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Mg Al Si O B H F","Fluvt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Fluorvesuvianite","Fluorvesuvianite","Ca19(Al,Mg)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4O(F,OH)9","Ca19(Al,Mg)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4O(F,OH)9","Ca_19_(Al,Mg)_13_(SiO_4_)_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_O(F,OH)_9_","Ca_19_(Al,Mg)_13_(SiO_4_)_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_O(F,OH)_9_","Ca Al Mg Si O F H","IMA2000-037"," ",4999,"Vesuvianite","tetragonal","P4/nnc","Ca Al Mg Si O F H","Fves","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Fluorwavellite","Fluorwavellite","Al3(PO4)2(OH)2F·5H2O","Al3(PO4)2(OH)2F·5H2O","Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_F·5H_2_O","Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_F·5H_2_O","Al P O H F","IMA2015-077"," ",6476,"Wavellite","orthorhombic","Pcnm","Al P O H F","Fwav","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Flurlite","Flurlite","Zn2+Zn2+3Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)2(H2O)7·2H2O","Zn2+Zn2+3Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)2(H2O)7·2H2O","Zn^2+^Zn^2+^_3_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_7_·2H_2_O","Zn^2+^Zn^2+^_3_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_7_·2H_2_O","Zn Fe P O H","IMA2014-064"," ",6363,"Flurlite","monoclinic","P21/m","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Flu","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Foggite","Foggite","CaAlPO4(OH)2·H2O","CaAl(PO4)(OH)2·H2O","CaAl(PO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","CaAlPO_4_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Al P O H","IMA1973-067"," ",1965," ","orthorhombic","A2122","Ca Al P O H","Fgg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fogoite-(Y)","Fogoite-(Y)","Ca2Y2Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca2Y2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca_2_Y_2_Na_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca_2_Y_2_Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca Y Na Ti Si O F","IMA2014-098"," ",6396,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","triclinic","P1","Ca Y Na Ti^4+ Si O F","Fog-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Foitite","Foitite","☐(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH","☐(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","[box](Fe^2+^_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","[box](Fe^2+^_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_OH","Fe Al Si O B H","IMA1992-034"," ",1966,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Fe^2+ Al Si O B H","Foi","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Folvikite","Folvikite","Sb5+Mn3+(Mg,Mn2+)10O8(BO3)4","Sb5+Mn3+(Mg,Mn2+)10O8(BO3)4","Sb^5+^Mn^3+^(Mg,Mn^2+^)_10_O_8_(BO_3_)_4_","Sb^5+^Mn^3+^(Mg,Mn^2+^)_10_O_8_(BO_3_)_4_","Sb Mn Mg O B","IMA2016-026"," ",6554,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P2","Sb^5+ Mn^3+ Mg Mn^2+ O B","Fvk","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Fontanite","Fontanite","Ca(U6+O2)3(CO3)2O2·6H2O","Ca(UO2)3(CO3)2O2·6H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_3_(CO_3_)_2_O_2_·6H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(CO_3_)_2_O_2_·6H_2_O","Ca U O C H","IMA1991-034"," ",1967," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca U^6+ O C H","Ftn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fontarnauite","Fontarnauite","(Na,K)2(Sr,Ca)(S6+O4)[B5O8(OH)]·2H2O","(Na,K)2(Sr,Ca)(SO4)[B5O8(OH)](H2O)2","(Na,K)_2_(Sr,Ca)(SO_4_)[B_5_O_8_(OH)](H_2_O)_2_","(Na,K)_2_(Sr,Ca)(S^6+^O_4_)[B_5_O_8_(OH)]·2H_2_O","Na K Sr Ca S O B H","IMA2009-096a"," ",6346,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Na K Sr Ca S^6+ O B H","Fon","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Foordite","Foordite","Sn2+Nb5+2O6","Sn2+Nb2O6","Sn^2+^Nb_2_O_6_","Sn^2+^Nb^5+^_2_O_6_","Sn Nb O","IMA1984-070"," ",1968," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Sn^2+ Nb^5+ O","Foo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Footemineite","Footemineite","Ca2Mn2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca2Mn2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_5_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_5_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca Mn Be P O H","IMA2006-029"," ",5529," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Mn^2+ Be P O H","Ftm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Forêtite","Foretite","Cu2+2Al2(As5+O4)(OH,O,H2O)6","Cu2Al2(AsO4)(OH,O,H2O)6","Cu_2_Al_2_(AsO_4_)(OH,O,H_2_O)_6_","Cu^2+^_2_Al_2_(As^5+^O_4_)(OH,O,H_2_O)_6_","Cu Al As O H","IMA2011-100"," ",6037,"Not in a structural group",,,"Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O H","Frê","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Formanite-(Y)","Formanite-(Y)","YTa5+O4","YTaO4","YTaO_4_","YTa^5+^O_4_","Y Ta O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1969," ","monoclinic","P2/a","Y Ta^5+ O","Frm-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Formicaite","Formicaite","Ca(HCOO)1-2","Ca(CHOO)2","Ca(CHOO)_2_","Ca(HCOO)^1-^_2_","Ca C H O","IMA1998-030"," ",1970,"Formate","tetragonal","P41212","Ca H C O","Fmc","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Fornacite","Fornacite","Cu2+Pb2+2(Cr6+O4)(As5+O4)(OH)","CuPb2(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)","CuPb_2_(CrO_4_)(AsO_4_)(OH)","Cu^2+^Pb^2+^_2_(Cr^6+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)","Cu Pb Cr O As H"," "," ",1971,"Fornacite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Cr^6+ O As^5+ H","For","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Forsterite","Forsterite","Mg2SiO4","Mg2(SiO4)","Mg_2_(SiO_4_)","Mg_2_SiO_4_","Mg Si O"," "," ",1972,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Mg Si O","Fo","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Foshagite","Foshagite","Ca4(SiO3)3(OH)2","Ca4(SiO3)3(OH)2","Ca_4_(SiO_3_)_3_(OH)_2_","Ca_4_(SiO_3_)_3_(OH)_2_","Ca Si O H"," "," ",1973," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Si O H","Fos","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Fougèrite","Fougerite","Fe2+4Fe3+2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O","Fe2+4Fe3+2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O","Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Fe O H C","IMA2003-057"," ",5256,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O H C","Fgè","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Fourmarierite","Fourmarierite","Pb2+1-xO3-2x(U6+O2)4(OH)4+2x·4H2O","Pb1-xO3-2x(UO2)4(OH)4+2x·4H2O","Pb_1-x_O_3-2x_(UO_2_)_4_(OH)_4+2x_·4H_2_O","Pb^2+^_1-x_O_3-2x_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(OH)_4+2x_·4H_2_O","Pb O U H"," "," ",1975,"Schoepite","orthorhombic","Bb21m","Pb^2+ O U^6+ H","Fmr","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM27 - Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fowlerite","Fowlerite","(Mn2+,Zn2+)SiO3","(Mn,Zn)SiO3","(Mn,Zn)SiO_3_","(Mn^2+^,Zn^2+^)SiO_3_","Mn Zn Si O"," "," ",5456," ",,,"Mn^2+ Zn^2+ Si O","Fwl","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Fraipontite","Fraipontite","(Zn2+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4","(Zn,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4","(Zn,Al)_3_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","(Zn^2+^,Al)_3_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Zn Al Si O H"," "," ",1976,"Clay, Serpentine","monoclinic",,"Zn^2+ Al Si O H","Fpt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Francevillite","Francevillite","Ba(U6+O2)2(V5+O4)2·5H2O","Ba(UO2)2(VO4)2·5H2O","Ba(UO_2_)_2_(VO_4_)_2_·5H_2_O","Ba(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_·5H_2_O","Ba U O V H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",1977,"Fritzscheite","orthorhombic","Pcan","Ba U^6+ O V^5+ H","Fvl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Franciscanite","Franciscanite","Mn2+6(V5+☐)(SiO4)2O3(OH)3","Mn2+6(V5+☐)(SiO4)2O3(OH)3","Mn^2+^_6_(V^5+^[box])(SiO_4_)_2_O_3_(OH)_3_","Mn^2+^_6_(V^5+^[box])(SiO_4_)_2_O_3_(OH)_3_","Mn V Si O H","IMA1985-038"," ",4915,"Welinite","hexagonal","P3","Mn^2+ V^5+ Si O H","Fcc","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Francisite","Francisite","Cu2+3Bi3+(Se4+O3)2O2Cl","Cu3Bi(Se4+O3)2O2Cl","Cu_3_Bi(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_O_2_Cl","Cu^2+^_3_Bi^3+^(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_O_2_Cl","Cu Bi Se O Cl","IMA1989-028"," ",1980," ","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Cu^2+ Bi^3+ Se^4+ O Cl","Fcs","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Franckeite","Franckeite","Pb2+21.7Sn4+9.3(Fe2+,Fe3+)4.0Sb3+8.1S2-56.9","Pb21.7Sn9.3Fe4.0Sb8.1S56.9","Pb_21.7_Sn_9.3_Fe_4.0_Sb_8.1_S_56.9_","Pb^2+^_21.7_Sn^4+^_9.3_(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_4.0_Sb^3+^_8.1_S^2-^_56.9_","Pb Sn Fe Sb S"," "," ",1981,"Cylindrite","triclinic","C1","Pb^2+ Sn^4+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Fke","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Francoanellite","Francoanellite","K3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2·12H2O","K3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2·12H2O","K_3_Al_5_(PO_3_OH)_6_(PO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","K_3_Al_5_(PO_3_OH)_6_(PO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","K Al P O H","IMA1974-051"," ",1982," ","hexagonal","R3c","K Al P O H","Fan","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Françoisite-(Ce)","Francoisite-(Ce)","Ce3+(U6+O2)3(PO4)2O(OH)·6H2O","Ce(UO2)3O(OH)(PO4)2·6H2O","Ce(UO_2_)_3_O(OH)(PO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Ce^3+^(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_O(OH)·6H_2_O","Ce U O H P","IMA2004-029"," ",5530," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ce^3+ U^6+ O P H","Frç-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Françoisite-(Nd)","Francoisite-(Nd)","Nd(U6+O2)3(PO4)2O(OH)·6H2O","Nd(UO2)3O(OH)(PO4)2·6H2O","Nd(UO_2_)_3_O(OH)(PO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Nd(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_O(OH)·6H_2_O","Nd U O H P","IMA1987-041"," ",1983," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Nd U^6+ O P H","Frç-Nd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Franconite","Franconite","NaNb5+2O5(OH)·3H2O","NaNb2O5(OH)·3H2O","NaNb_2_O_5_(OH)·3H_2_O","NaNb^5+^_2_O_5_(OH)·3H_2_O","Na Nb O H","IMA1981-006a"," ",1984," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Nb^5+ O H","Fra","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Frankamenite","Frankamenite","K3Na3Ca5Si12O30F3(OH)·H2O","K3Na3Ca5Si12O30F3(OH)·H2O","K_3_Na_3_Ca_5_Si_12_O_30_F_3_(OH)·H_2_O","K_3_Na_3_Ca_5_Si_12_O_30_F_3_(OH)·H_2_O","K Na Ca Si O F H","IMA1994-050"," ",1985," ","triclinic","P1","K Na Ca Si O F H","Fkm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Frankdicksonite","Frankdicksonite","BaF2","BaF2","BaF_2_","BaF_2_","Ba F","IMA1974-015"," ",1986,"Fluorite","cubic","Fm3m","Ba F","Fds","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Frankhawthorneite","Frankhawthorneite","Cu2+2Te6+O4(OH)2","Cu2Te6+O4(OH)2","Cu_2_Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^_2_Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_2_","Cu Te O H","IMA1993-047"," ",1987," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H","Fht","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Franklinfurnaceite","Franklinfurnaceite","Ca2Mn2+3Mn3+Fe3+Zn2+2Si2O10(OH)8","Ca2Mn2+3Mn3+Fe3+Zn2Si2O10(OH)8","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_3_Mn^3+^Fe^3+^Zn_2_Si_2_O_10_(OH)_8_","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_3_Mn^3+^Fe^3+^Zn^2+^_2_Si_2_O_10_(OH)_8_","Ca Mn Fe Zn Si O H","IMA1986-034"," ",1988," ","monoclinic","C2","Ca Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Fe^3+ Zn^2+ Si O H","Fkf","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Franklinite","Franklinite","Zn2+Fe3+2O4","ZnFe3+2O4","ZnFe^3+^_2_O_4_","Zn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_O_4_","Zn Fe O"," "," ",1989,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ O","Frk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Franklinphilite","Franklinphilite","(K,Na)4(Mn2+,Mg,Zn2+)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216·6H2O","(K,Na)4(Mn2+,Mg,Zn)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216·6H2O","(K,Na)_4_(Mn^2+^,Mg,Zn)_48_(Si,Al)_72_(O,OH)_216_·6H_2_O","(K,Na)_4_(Mn^2+^,Mg,Zn^2+^)_48_(Si,Al)_72_(O,OH)_216_·6H_2_O","K Na Mn Mg Zn Si Al O H","IMA1990-050"," ",1990,"Stilpnomelane","triclinic",,"K Na Mn^2+ Mg Zn^2+ Si Al O H","Fkp","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Franksousaite","Franksousaite","Pb2+Cu2+(Se6+O4)(OH)2","PbCu(Se6+O4)(OH)2","PbCu(Se^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^(Se^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_","Pb Cu Se O H","IMA2021-096"," ",7199,"Linarite","monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Se^6+ O H","Fns","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fransoletite","Fransoletite","Ca3Be2(PO4)2(PO3OH)2·4H2O","Ca3Be2(PO4)2(PO3OH)2·4H2O","Ca_3_Be_2_(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_3_Be_2_(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Be P O H","IMA1982-096"," ",1991," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Be P O H","Fsl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Franzinite","Franzinite","(Na,K)30Ca10(Si30Al30)O120(S6+O4)10·2H2O","(Na,K)30Ca10(Si30Al30)O120(SO4)10·2H2O","(Na,K)_30_Ca_10_(Si_30_Al_30_)O_120_(SO_4_)_10_·2H_2_O","(Na,K)_30_Ca_10_(Si_30_Al_30_)O_120_(S^6+^O_4_)_10_·2H_2_O","Na K Ca Si Al O S H","IMA1976-020"," ",1992,"Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P321","Na K Ca Si Al O S^6+ H","Frz","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Freboldite","Freboldite","CoSe","CoSe","CoSe","CoSe","Co Se"," "," ",1993,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63mc","Co Se","Fbd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Fredrikssonite","Fredrikssonite","Mg2Mn3+O2(BO3)","Mg2Mn3+O2(BO3)","Mg_2_Mn^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg_2_Mn^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg Mn O B","IMA1983-040"," ",1994,"Ludwigite","orthorhombic","Pbam","Mg Mn^3+ O B","Fdk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Freedite","Freedite","Cu1+Pb2+8(As3+O3)2O3Cl5","Cu1+Pb8(As3+O3)2O3Cl5","Cu^1+^Pb_8_(As^3+^O_3_)_2_O_3_Cl_5_","Cu^1+^Pb^2+^_8_(As^3+^O_3_)_2_O_3_Cl_5_","Cu Pb As O Cl","IMA1984-012"," ",1995," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ O Cl","Fre","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Freieslebenite","Freieslebenite","Ag1+Pb2+Sb3+S2-3","AgPbSbS3","AgPbSbS_3_","Ag^1+^Pb^2+^Sb^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag Pb Sb S"," "," ",1997," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Flb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Freitalite","Freitalite","C14H10","C14H10","C_14_H_10_","C_14_H_10_","C H","IMA2019-116"," ",7000," ","monoclinic","P21/a","C H","Fta","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Fresnoite","Fresnoite","Ba2Ti4+O(Si2O7)","Ba2TiO(Si2O7)","Ba_2_TiO(Si_2_O_7_)","Ba_2_Ti^4+^O(Si_2_O_7_)","Ba Ti O Si","IMA1964-012"," ",1998,"Melilite","tetragonal","P4bm","Ba Ti^4+ O Si","Fno","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Freudenbergite","Freudenbergite","Na(Ti4+3Fe3+)O8","Na(Ti4+3Fe3+)O8","Na(Ti^4+^_3_Fe^3+^)O_8_","Na(Ti^4+^_3_Fe^3+^)O_8_","Na Ti Fe O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",1999," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O","Fdb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism","No" +"Friedelite","Friedelite","Mn2+8Si6O15(OH)10","Mn2+8Si6O15(OH)10","Mn^2+^_8_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_10_","Mn^2+^_8_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_10_","Mn Si O H"," "," ",2000,"Pyrosmalite, Clay","monoclinic","C2/m","Mn^2+ Si O H","Fdl","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Friedrichbeckeite","Friedrichbeckeite","K(☐Na)Mg2(MgBe2Si12)O30","K(☐Na)Mg2(Be2Mg)Si12O30","K([box]Na)Mg_2_(Be_2_Mg)Si_12_O_30_","K([box]Na)Mg_2_(MgBe_2_Si_12_)O_30_","K Na Mg Be Si O","IMA2008-019"," ",5678,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Na Mg Be Si O","Fri","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals","No" +"Friedrichite","Friedrichite","Cu1+5Pb2+5Bi3+7S2-18","Cu5Pb5Bi7S18","Cu_5_Pb_5_Bi_7_S_18_","Cu^1+^_5_Pb^2+^_5_Bi^3+^_7_S^2-^_18_","Cu Pb Bi S","IMA1977-031"," ",2001,"Meneghinite","orthorhombic","Pb21m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Frd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Friisite","Friisite","Pb8Al3Si8O27Cl3","Pb8Al3Si8O27Cl3","Pb_8_Al_3_Si_8_O_27_Cl_3_","Pb_8_Al_3_Si_8_O_27_Cl_3_","Pb Al Si O Cl","IMA2024-047"," ",7501," ","hexagonal","P6c2","Pb Al Si O Cl","Fii",,"No" +"Fritzscheite","Fritzscheite","Mn2+(U6+O2)2(V5+O4,PO4)2·4H2O","Mn2+(UO2)2(VO4,PO4)2·4H2O","Mn^2+^(UO_2_)_2_(VO_4_,PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^O_4_,PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn U O V P H"," "," ",2002,"Fritzscheite","orthorhombic","Pnam","Mn^2+ U^6+ O V^5+ P H","Fzs","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Frohbergite","Frohbergite","FeTe2","FeTe2","FeTe_2_","FeTe_2_","Fe Te"," "," ",2003,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pmnn","Fe Te","Frb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Frolovite","Frolovite","Ca[B(OH)4]2","Ca[B(OH)4]2","Ca[B(OH)_4_]_2_","Ca[B(OH)_4_]_2_","Ca B O H"," "," ",2004," ","triclinic","P1","Ca B O H","Flv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Frondelite","Frondelite","(Mn2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5","(Mn2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5","(Mn^2+^_0.5_Fe^3+^_0.5_)_2_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_5_","(Mn^2+^_0.5_Fe^3+^_0.5_)_2_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_5_","Mn Fe P O H"," "," ",2005,"Rockbridgeite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Fnd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Froodite","Froodite","PdBi2","PdBi2","PdBi_2_","PdBi_2_","Pd Bi"," "," ",2006," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Pd Bi","Fro","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Fuchunite","Fuchunite","Ba(C2H3O3)2(C2H4O3)2","Ba(C2H3O3)2(C2H4O3)2","Ba(C_2_H_3_O_3_)_2_(C_2_H_4_O_3_)_2_","Ba(C_2_H_3_O_3_)_2_(C_2_H_4_O_3_)_2_","Ba C H O","IMA2025-011"," ",7540,"Not in a structural group, Glycolate","monoclinic","P21/n","Ba C H O","Fun",,"No" +"Fuenzalidaite","Fuenzalidaite","K3Na5Mg5(I5+O3)6(S6+O4)6·6H2O","K3Na5Mg5(IO3)6(SO4)6·6H2O","K_3_Na_5_Mg_5_(IO_3_)_6_(SO_4_)_6_·6H_2_O","K_3_Na_5_Mg_5_(I^5+^O_3_)_6_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_·6H_2_O","K Na Mg I O S H","IMA1993-021"," ",2007," ","hexagonal","P3c1","K Na Mg I^5+ O S^6+ H","Fzl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fuettererite","Fuettererite","Pb2+3Cu2+6Te6+O6(OH)7Cl5","Pb3Cu2+6Te6+O6(OH)7Cl5","Pb_3_Cu^2+^_6_Te^6+^O_6_(OH)_7_Cl_5_","Pb^2+^_3_Cu^2+^_6_Te^6+^O_6_(OH)_7_Cl_5_","Pb Cu Te O H Cl","IMA2011-111"," ",6054,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H Cl","Fue","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fukalite","Fukalite","Ca4Si2O6(CO3)(OH)2","Ca4Si2O6(CO3)(OH)2","Ca_4_Si_2_O_6_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Ca_4_Si_2_O_6_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Ca Si O C H","IMA1976-003"," ",2008," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Bmmb, P21/c","Ca Si O C H","Fk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Fukuchilite","Fukuchilite","Cu2+3Fe2+(S2)2-4","Cu3FeS8","Cu_3_FeS_8_","Cu^2+^_3_Fe^2+^(S_2_)^2-^_4_","Cu Fe S","IMA1967-009"," ",2009,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Cu^2+ Fe^2+ S","Fuk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Fulbrightite","Fulbrightite","Ca(V4+O)2(As5+O4)2·4H2O","Ca(VO)2(AsO4)2·4H2O","Ca(VO)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca(V^4+^O)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca V O As H","IMA2019-032"," ",6923,"Meta-autunite","triclinic","P1","Ca V^4+ O As^5+ H","Fbg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Fülöppite","Fuloppite","Pb2+3Sb3+8S2-15","Pb3Sb8S15","Pb_3_Sb_8_S_15_","Pb^2+^_3_Sb^3+^_8_S^2-^_15_","Pb Sb S"," "," ",2011," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Fül","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Furongite","Furongite","Al13(U6+O2)7(PO4)13(OH)14·58H2O","Al4(UO2)4(PO4)6(OH)2(H2O)19.5","Al_4_(UO_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_19.5_","Al_13_(U^6+^O_2_)_7_(PO_4_)_13_(OH)_14_·58H_2_O","Al U O P H","IMA1982 s.p."," ",2012," ","triclinic",,"Al U^6+ O P H","Frg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Furutobeite","Furutobeite","(Cu1+,Ag1+)6Pb2+S2-4","(Cu,Ag)6PbS4","(Cu,Ag)_6_PbS_4_","(Cu^1+^,Ag^1+^)_6_Pb^2+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Ag Pb S","IMA1978-040"," ",2013," ","monoclinic",,"Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ S^2-","Fur","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Fuyuanite","Fuyuanite","Mg7Nb5+6O18(OH)8","Mg7Nb6O18(OH)8","Mg_7_Nb_6_O_18_(OH)_8_","Mg_7_Nb^5+^_6_O_18_(OH)_8_","Mg Nb O H","IMA2024-059"," ",7512," ","hexagonal","P3","Mg Nb^5+ O H","Fuy",,"No" +"Gabrielite","Gabrielite","Tl1+2Ag1+Cu1+2As3+3S2-7","Tl2AgCu2As3S7","Tl_2_AgCu_2_As_3_S_7_","Tl^1+^_2_Ag^1+^Cu^1+^_2_As^3+^_3_S^2-^_7_","Tl Ag Cu As S","IMA2002-053"," ",5205," ","triclinic","P1","Tl^1+ Ag^1+ Cu^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Gab","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Gabrielsonite","Gabrielsonite","Pb2+Fe3+(As3+O3)O","PbFe3+(AsO3)O","PbFe^3+^(AsO_3_)O","Pb^2+^Fe^3+^(As^3+^O_3_)O","Pb Fe As O","IMA1966-011, IMA2017 s.p."," ",2014," ","orthorhombic","P21ma","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ As^3+ O","Gbr","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Gachingite","Gachingite","Au(Te1-xSex) 0.2 ≈ x ≤ 0.5","Au(Te1-xSex) 0.2 ≈ x ≤ 0.5","Au(Te_1-x_Se_x_) 0.2 ≈ x ≤ 0.5","Au(Te_1-x_Se_x_) 0.2 ≈ x ≤ 0.5","Au Te Se","IMA2021-008"," ",7129,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmca","Au Te Se","Gac","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Gadolinite-(Ce)","Gadolinite-(Ce)","Fe2+Be2Ce3+2(SiO4)2O2","Ce2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2","Ce_2_Fe^2+^Be_2_O_2_(SiO_4_)_2_","Fe^2+^Be_2_Ce^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_2_O_2_","Ce Fe Be O Si","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2015,"Gadolinite","monoclinic",,"Fe^2+ Be Ce^3+ Si O","Gad-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gadolinite-(Nd)","Gadolinite-(Nd)","Nd2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2","Nd2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2","Nd_2_Fe^2+^Be_2_O_2_(SiO_4_)_2_","Nd_2_Fe^2+^Be_2_O_2_(SiO_4_)_2_","Nd Fe Be O Si","IMA2016-013"," ",6542,"Gadolinite","monoclinic","P21/c","Nd Fe^2+ Be O Si","Gad-Nd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gadolinite-(Y)","Gadolinite-(Y)","Fe2+Be2Y2(SiO4)2O2","Y2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2","Y_2_Fe^2+^Be_2_O_2_(SiO_4_)_2_","Fe^2+^Be_2_Y_2_(SiO_4_)_2_O_2_","Y Fe Be O Si","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2016,"Gadolinite","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/a","Fe^2+ Be Y Si O","Gad-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gagarinite-(Ce)","Gagarinite-(Ce)","NaCaCe3+F6","NaCaCeF6","NaCaCeF_6_","NaCaCe^3+^F_6_","Na Ca Ce F","IMA1993-038"," ",4784,"Gagarinite","hexagonal","P63/m","Na Ca Ce^3+ F","Gag-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gagarinite-(Y)","Gagarinite-(Y)","NaCaYF6","NaCaYF6","NaCaYF_6_","NaCaYF_6_","Na Ca Y F","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2017,"Gagarinite","hexagonal","P63/m","Na Ca Y F","Gag-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gageite","Gageite","Mn2+21Si8O27(OH)20","Mn2+21Si8O27(OH)20","Mn^2+^_21_Si_8_O_27_(OH)_20_","Mn^2+^_21_Si_8_O_27_(OH)_20_","Mn Si O H"," "," ",2018," ","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Mn^2+ Si O H","Gge","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gahnite","Gahnite","Zn2+Al2O4","ZnAl2O4","ZnAl_2_O_4_","Zn^2+^Al_2_O_4_","Zn Al O"," "," ",2020,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Zn^2+ Al O","Ghn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Gaidonnayite","Gaidonnayite","Na2Zr4+Si3O9·2H2O","Na2ZrSi3O9·2H2O","Na_2_ZrSi_3_O_9_·2H_2_O","Na_2_Zr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·2H_2_O","Na Zr Si O H","IMA1973-008"," ",2021,"Gaidonnayite","orthorhombic","P21nb","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Gdn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Gaildunningite","Gaildunningite","Hg2+3[N3-Hg2+2]18(Cl,I1-)24","Hg2+3[NHg2+2]18(Cl,I)24","Hg^2+^_3_[NHg^2+^_2_]_18_(Cl,I)_24_","Hg^2+^_3_[N^3-^Hg^2+^_2_]_18_(Cl,I^1-^)_24_","Hg N Cl I","IMA2018-029"," ",6774," ","orthorhombic","Amam","Hg^2+ N^3- Cl I^1-","Gai","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Gainesite","Gainesite","Na2(Be,Li)Zr4+2(PO4)4·1.5H2O","Na2(Be,Li)Zr2(PO4)4·1.5H2O","Na_2_(Be,Li)Zr_2_(PO_4_)_4_·1.5H_2_O","Na_2_(Be,Li)Zr^4+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_·1.5H_2_O","Na Be Li Zr P O H","IMA1978-020"," ",2022," ","tetragonal","I41/amd","Na Be Li Zr^4+ P O H","Gns","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Gaitite","Gaitite","Ca2+2Zn2+(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Ca2Zn(AsO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Zn(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca^2+^_2_Zn^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Zn As O H","IMA1978-047"," ",2023,"Fairfieldite","triclinic","P1","Ca^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Gt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gajardoite","Gajardoite","KCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2·5H2O","KCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2·5H2O","KCa_0.5_As^3+^_4_O_6_Cl_2_·5H_2_O","KCa_0.5_As^3+^_4_O_6_Cl_2_·5H_2_O","K Ca As O Cl H","IMA2015-040"," ",6441,"Lucabindiite","hexagonal","P6/mmm","K Ca As^3+ O Cl H","Gaj","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gajardoite-(NH4)","Gajardoite-(NH4)","(N3-H4)As3+4O6Cl2(Ca0.5☐0.5)(H2O)5","(NH4)As3+4O6Cl2(Ca0.5☐0.5)(H2O)5","(NH_4_)As^3+^_4_O_6_Cl_2_(Ca_0.5_[box]_0.5_)(H_2_O)_5_","(N^3-^H_4_)As^3+^_4_O_6_Cl_2_(Ca_0.5_[box]_0.5_)(H_2_O)_5_","N H As O Cl Ca","IMA2023-070"," ",7412,"Lucabindiite","hexagonal","P6/mmm","N^3- H As^3+ O Cl Ca","Gaj-NH_4_",,"No" +"Galaxite","Galaxite","Mn2+Al2O4","Mn2+Al2O4","Mn^2+^Al_2_O_4_","Mn^2+^Al_2_O_4_","Mn Al O"," "," ",2024,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Mn^2+ Al O","Glx","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Galeaclolusite","Galeaclolusite","Al6(As5+O4)3(OH)9(H2O)4·8H2O","Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4·8H2O","Al_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_9_(H_2_O)_4_·8H_2_O","Al_6_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_9_(H_2_O)_4_·8H_2_O","Al As O H","IMA2020-052"," ",7065,"Bulachite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Al As^5+ O H","Gcl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Galeite","Galeite","Na15(S6+O4)5ClF4","Na15(SO4)5ClF4","Na_15_(SO_4_)_5_ClF_4_","Na_15_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_ClF_4_","Na S O Cl F","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2025," ","hexagonal","P31m","Na S^6+ O Cl F","Gle","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Galena","Galena","Pb2+S2-","PbS","PbS","Pb^2+^S^2-^","Pb S"," "," ",2026,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Pb^2+ S^2-","Gn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Galenobismutite","Galenobismutite","Pb2+Bi3+2S2-4","PbBi2S4","PbBi_2_S_4_","Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Pb Bi S"," "," ",2027,"Kobellite","orthorhombic","Pnam, Pnma","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Gbit","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Galgenbergite-(Ce)","Galgenbergite-(Ce)","CaCe3+2(CO3)4·H2O","CaCe2(CO3)4·H2O","CaCe_2_(CO_3_)_4_·H_2_O","CaCe^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_4_·H_2_O","Ca Ce C O H","IMA1997-036"," ",2028," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Ce^3+ C O H","Ggb-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Galileiite","Galileiite","NaFe2+4(PO4)3","NaFe2+4(PO4)3","NaFe^2+^_4_(PO_4_)_3_","NaFe^2+^_4_(PO_4_)_3_","Na Fe P O","IMA1996-028"," ",2029,"Fillowite","hexagonal","R3","Na Fe^2+ P O","Gll","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Galkhaite","Galkhaite","(Hg2+5Cu1+)CsAs3+4S2-12","(Hg5Cu)CsAs4S12","(Hg_5_Cu)CsAs_4_S_12_","(Hg^2+^_5_Cu^1+^)CsAs^3+^_4_S^2-^_12_","Hg Cu Cs As S","IMA1971-029"," ",2030,"Galkhaite, Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Hg^2+ Cu^1+ Cs As^3+ S^2-","Gkh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Galliskiite","Galliskiite","Ca4Al2(PO4)2F8·5H2O","Ca4Al2(PO4)2F8·5H2O","Ca_4_Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_F_8_·5H_2_O","Ca_4_Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_F_8_·5H_2_O","Ca Al P O F H","IMA2009-038"," ",5765,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca Al P O F H","Glk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Gallite","Gallite","Cu1+Ga3+S2-2","CuGaS2","CuGaS_2_","Cu^1+^Ga^3+^S^2-^_2_","Cu Ga S"," "," ",2031,"Chalcopyrite","tetragonal","I42d","Cu^1+ Ga^3+ S^2-","Gal","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Gallobeudantite","Gallobeudantite","Pb2+Ga3+3(As5+O4)(S6+O4)(OH)6","PbGa3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6","PbGa_3_(AsO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^Ga^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_6_","Pb Ga As O S H","IMA1994-021"," ",2032,"Alunite-beudantite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Ga^3+ As^5+ O S^6+ H","Gbdn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Galloplumbogummite","Galloplumbogummite","Pb2+(Ga,Al)2Ge(PO4)2(OH)6","Pb(Ga,Al,Ge)3(PO4)2(OH)6","Pb(Ga,Al,Ge)_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^(Ga,Al)_2_Ge(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb Ga Al Ge P O H","IMA2010-088"," ",5930,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Ga Al Ge P O H","Gpbg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Galuskinite","Galuskinite","Ca7(SiO4)3(CO3)","Ca7(SiO4)3(CO3)","Ca_7_(SiO_4_)_3_(CO_3_)","Ca_7_(SiO_4_)_3_(CO_3_)","Ca Si O C","IMA2010-075"," ",5915,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Si O C","Gkn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Gamagarite","Gamagarite","Ba2Fe3+(V5+O4)2(OH)","Ba2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH)","Ba_2_Fe^3+^(VO_4_)_2_(OH)","Ba_2_Fe^3+^(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)","Ba Fe V O H"," "," ",2033,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ba Fe^3+ V^5+ O H","Gam","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gananite","Gananite","Bi3+F3","BiF3","BiF_3_","Bi^3+^F_3_","Bi F","IMA1983-006"," ",2034," ","cubic","P43m","Bi^3+ F","Gan","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Ganomalite","Ganomalite","Pb2+3Ca2(SiO4)(Si2O7)","Pb9Ca6(Si2O7)4(SiO4)O","Pb_9_Ca_6_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(SiO_4_)O","Pb^2+^_3_Ca_2_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)","Pb Ca Si O"," "," ",2035,"Ganomalite","hexagonal","P6","Pb^2+ Ca Si O","Gnm","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ganophyllite","Ganophyllite","(K,Na)1-2Mn2+6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4·7-11H2O","(K,Na)xMn2+6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4·nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)","(K,Na)_x_Mn^2+^_6_(Si,Al)_10_O_24_(OH)_4_·nH_2_O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)","(K,Na)_1-2_Mn^2+^_6_(Si,Al)_10_O_24_(OH)_4_·7-11H_2_O","K Na Mn Si Al O H"," "," ",2036,"Clay","monoclinic","I2/a, A2/a","K Na Mn^2+ Si Al O H","Gnp","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ganterite","Ganterite","Ba0.5(Na,K)0.5Al2(Si2.5Al1.5)O10(OH)2","Ba0.5(Na,K)0.5Al2(Si2.5Al1.5)O10(OH)2","Ba_0.5_(Na,K)_0.5_Al_2_(Si_2.5_Al_1.5_)O_10_(OH)_2_","Ba_0.5_(Na,K)_0.5_Al_2_(Si_2.5_Al_1.5_)O_10_(OH)_2_","Ba Na K Al Si O H","IMA2000-033"," ",2037," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ba Na K Al Si O H","Gtr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Gaotaiite","Gaotaiite","Ir3Te8","Ir3Te8","Ir_3_Te_8_","Ir_3_Te_8_","Ir Te","IMA1993-017"," ",2038,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Ir Te","Gao","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Garavellite","Garavellite","Fe2+Sb3+Bi3+S2-4","FeSbBiS4","FeSbBiS_4_","Fe^2+^Sb^3+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_4_","Fe Sb Bi S","IMA1978-018"," ",2039,"Berthierite","orthorhombic","Pnam","Fe^2+ Sb^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Grv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Garmite","Garmite","CsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2","CsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2","CsLiMg_2_(Si_4_O_10_)F_2_","CsLiMg_2_(Si_4_O_10_)F_2_","Cs Li Mg Si O F","IMA2017-008"," ",6650,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","Cs Li Mg Si O F","Grm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Garpenbergite","Garpenbergite","Mn2+6As5+Sb5+O10(OH)2","Mn6AsSbO10(OH)2","Mn_6_AsSbO_10_(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^_6_As^5+^Sb^5+^O_10_(OH)_2_","Mn As Sb O H","IMA2020-099"," ",7113,"Manganostibite","orthorhombic","Ibmm","Mn^2+ As^5+ Sb^5+ O H","Gpb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Garrelsite","Garrelsite","NaBa3B7Si2O16(OH)4","NaBa3B7Si2O16(OH)4","NaBa_3_B_7_Si_2_O_16_(OH)_4_","NaBa_3_B_7_Si_2_O_16_(OH)_4_","Na Ba B Si O H"," "," ",2040," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ba B Si O H","Grr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Garronite-Ca","Garronite-Ca","Ca3(Al6Si10O32)·14H2O","Ca3(Al6Si10O32)·14H2O","Ca_3_(Al_6_Si_10_O_32_)·14H_2_O","Ca_3_(Al_6_Si_10_O_32_)·14H_2_O","Ca Al Si O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2042,"Gismondine","tetragonal","I4m2, I41/a","Ca Al Si O H","Grn-Ca","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Garronite-Na","Garronite-Na","Na6(Al6Si10O32)·8.5H2O","Na6(Al6Si10O32)·8.5H2O","Na_6_(Al_6_Si_10_O_32_)·8.5H_2_O","Na_6_(Al_6_Si_10_O_32_)·8.5H_2_O","Na Al Si O H","IMA2015-015"," ",6429,"Gismondine","monoclinic","I2","Na Al Si O H","Grn-Na","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Gartrellite","Gartrellite","Pb2+Cu2+Fe3+(As5+O4)2(OH)·H2O","PbCuFe3+(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O","PbCuFe^3+^(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^Fe^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Pb Cu Fe As O H","IMA1988-039"," ",2043,"Natrochalcite-Helmutwinklerite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Gtl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Garutiite","Garutiite","(Ni,Fe,Ir)","(Ni,Fe,Ir)","(Ni,Fe,Ir)","(Ni,Fe,Ir)","Ni Fe Ir","IMA2008-055"," ",5715," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ni Fe Ir","Gar","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Garyansellite","Garyansellite","Mg2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O","Mg2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O","Mg_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O","Mg_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O","Mg Fe P O H","IMA1981-019"," ",2044,"Reddingite","orthorhombic","Pbna","Mg Fe^3+ P O H","Gas","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gasparite-(Ce)","Gasparite-(Ce)","Ce3+As5+O4","Ce(AsO4)","Ce(AsO_4_)","Ce^3+^As^5+^O_4_","Ce As O","IMA1986-031"," ",2045,"Monazite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ce^3+ As^5+ O","Gsp-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gasparite-(La)","Gasparite-(La)","La3+(As5+O4)","La(AsO4)","La(AsO_4_)","La^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)","La As O","IMA2018-079"," ",6809,"Monazite","monoclinic","P21/n","La^3+ As^5+ O","Gsp-La","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Gaspéite","Gaspeite","Ni2+CO3","Ni(CO3)","Ni(CO_3_)","Ni^2+^CO_3_","Ni C O","IMA1965-029"," ",2046,"Calcite","hexagonal","R3c","Ni^2+ C O","Gpé","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gatedalite","Gatedalite","Zr4+Mn2+2Mn3+4SiO12","ZrMn2+2Mn3+4O8(SiO4)","ZrMn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^_4_O_8_(SiO_4_)","Zr^4+^Mn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^_4_SiO_12_","Zr Mn O Si","IMA2013-091"," ",6249,"Braunite","tetragonal","I41/acd","Zr^4+ Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Si O","Gtd","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Gatehouseite","Gatehouseite","Mn2+5(PO4)2(OH)4","Mn2+5(PO4)2(OH)4","Mn^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Mn^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Mn P O H","IMA1992-016"," ",2047,"Arsenoclasite","orthorhombic","P212121","Mn^2+ P O H","Ghs","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Gatelite-(Ce)","Gatelite-(Ce)","(Ca,Ce3+)4(Al,Mg,Fe2+)4(Si2O7)(SiO4)3(O,F,OH)3","(Ca,Ce)4(Al,Mg,Fe)4(Si2O7)(SiO4)3(O,F,OH)3","(Ca,Ce)_4_(Al,Mg,Fe)_4_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)_3_(O,F,OH)_3_","(Ca,Ce^3+^)_4_(Al,Mg,Fe^2+^)_4_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)_3_(O,F,OH)_3_","Ca Ce Al Mg Fe Si O F H","IMA2001-050"," ",2048,"Gatelite","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Ce^3+ Al Mg Fe^2+ Si O F H","Gat-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Gatewayite","Gatewayite","Ca6(As3+V4+3V5+9As5+6O51)·31H2O","Ca6(As3+V4+3V5+9As5+6O51)·31H2O","Ca_6_(As^3+^V^4+^_3_V^5+^_9_As^5+^_6_O_51_)·31H_2_O","Ca_6_(As^3+^V^4+^_3_V^5+^_9_As^5+^_6_O_51_)·31H_2_O","Ca As V O H","IMA2014-096"," ",6394," ","monoclinic","P21","Ca As^3+ V^4+ V^5+ As^5+ O H","Gwy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gatumbaite","Gatumbaite","CaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2·H2O","CaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2·H2O","CaAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","CaAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Al P O H","IMA1976-019"," ",2049," ","monoclinic",,"Ca Al P O H","Gtb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Gaudefroyite","Gaudefroyite","Ca4Mn3+3(BO3)3(CO3)O3","Ca4Mn3+3(BO3)3(CO3)O3","Ca_4_Mn^3+^_3_(BO_3_)_3_(CO_3_)O_3_","Ca_4_Mn^3+^_3_(BO_3_)_3_(CO_3_)O_3_","Ca Mn B O C","IMA1964-006"," ",2050," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Mn^3+ B O C","Gfy","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Gaultite","Gaultite","Na4Zn2+2Si7O18·5H2O","Na4Zn2Si7O18·5H2O","Na_4_Zn_2_Si_7_O_18_·5H_2_O","Na_4_Zn^2+^_2_Si_7_O_18_·5H_2_O","Na Zn Si O H","IMA1992-040"," ",2051," ","orthorhombic","F2dd","Na Zn^2+ Si O H","Gau","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gauthierite","Gauthierite","KPb2+[(U6+O2)7O5(OH)7]·8H2O","KPb[(UO2)7O5(OH)7]·8H2O","KPb[(UO_2_)_7_O_5_(OH)_7_]·8H_2_O","KPb^2+^[(U^6+^O_2_)_7_O_5_(OH)_7_]·8H_2_O","K Pb U O H","IMA2016-004"," ",6532,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","K Pb^2+ U^6+ O H","Gut","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM27 - Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gayite","Gayite","NaMn2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","NaMnFe5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","NaMnFe_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","NaMn^2+^Fe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Na Mn Fe P O H","IMA2008-056"," ",5716,"Dufrénite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Gy","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gaylussite","Gaylussite","Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O","Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O","Na_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_·5H_2_O","Na_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_·5H_2_O","Na Ca C O H"," "," ",2052," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca C O H","Gyl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gazeevite","Gazeevite","BaCa6(SiO4)2(S6+O4)2O","BaCa6(SiO4)2(SO4)2O","BaCa_6_(SiO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_O","BaCa_6_(SiO_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_O","Ba Ca Si O S","IMA2015-037"," ",6438,"Zadovite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Ca Si O S^6+","Gaz","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Gearksutite","Gearksutite","CaAlF4(OH)·H2O","CaAlF4(OH)·H2O","CaAlF_4_(OH)·H_2_O","CaAlF_4_(OH)·H_2_O","Ca Al F O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2053," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Al F O H","Gak","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Gebhardite","Gebhardite","Pb2+8As3+4O11Cl6","Pb8As3+4O11Cl6","Pb_8_As^3+^_4_O_11_Cl_6_","Pb^2+^_8_As^3+^_4_O_11_Cl_6_","Pb As O Cl","IMA1979-071"," ",2054," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ As^3+ O Cl","Geb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gedrite","Gedrite","☐Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","☐Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","[box]Mg_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Mg_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Mg Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",2055,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mg Al Si O H","Ged","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Geerite","Geerite","Cu8S5","Cu8S5","Cu_8_S_5_","Cu_8_S_5_","Cu S","IMA1978-024"," ",2056," ","cubic","F43m","Cu S","Gee","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Geffroyite","Geffroyite","(Cu,Fe,Ag)9Se8","(Cu,Fe,Ag)9Se8","(Cu,Fe,Ag)_9_Se_8_","(Cu,Fe,Ag)_9_Se_8_","Cu Fe Ag Se","IMA1980-090"," ",2057,"Pentlandite","cubic","Fm3m","Cu Fe Ag Se","Gef","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Gehlenite","Gehlenite","Ca2Al(SiAl)O7","Ca2Al(SiAl)O7","Ca_2_Al(SiAl)O_7_","Ca_2_Al(SiAl)O_7_","Ca Al Si O"," "," ",2058,"Melilite","tetragonal","P421m","Ca Al Si O","Gh","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Geigerite","Geigerite","Mn2+5(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·10H2O","Mn2+5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·10H2O","Mn^2+^_5_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·10H_2_O","Mn^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·10H_2_O","Mn As O H","IMA1985-028"," ",2059,"Lindackerite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Ggr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Geikielite","Geikielite","MgTi4+O3","MgTiO3","MgTiO_3_","MgTi^4+^O_3_","Mg Ti O"," "," ",2060,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3","Mg Ti^4+ O","Gk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Gelosaite","Gelosaite","Bi3+Mo6+(2-5x)Mo5+6xO7(OH)·H2O (0≤x≤0.4)","BiMo6+(2-5x)Mo5+6xO7(OH)·H2O (0 < x < 0.4)","BiMo^6+^_(2-5x)_Mo^5+^_6x_O_7_(OH)·H_2_O (0 < x < 0.4)","Bi^3+^Mo^6+^_(2-5x)_Mo^5+^_6x_O_7_(OH)·H_2_O (0≤x≤0.4)","Bi Mo O H","IMA2009-022"," ",5768,"Not in a structural group, Gelosaite","monoclinic","P21/n","Bi^3+ Mo^6+ Mo^5+ O H","Gel","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Geminite","Geminite","Cu2+(As5+O3OH)·H2O","Cu2+(AsO3OH)·H2O","Cu^2+^(AsO_3_OH)·H_2_O","Cu^2+^(As^5+^O_3_OH)·H_2_O","Cu As O H","IMA1988-045"," ",2061," ","triclinic","P1, C1","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Gem","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Gengenbachite","Gengenbachite","KFe3+3(H2PO4)2(HPO4)4·6H2O","KFe3(H2PO4)2(HPO4)4·6H2O","KFe_3_(H_2_PO_4_)_2_(HPO_4_)_4_·6H_2_O","KFe^3+^_3_(H_2_PO_4_)_2_(HPO_4_)_4_·6H_2_O","K Fe H P O","IMA2001-003b"," ",5531," ","hexagonal","P31c","K Fe^3+ H P O","Gnb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Genkinite","Genkinite","Pt4Sb3","Pt4Sb3","Pt_4_Sb_3_","Pt_4_Sb_3_","Pt Sb","IMA1976-051"," ",2062," ","tetragonal",,"Pt Sb","Gki","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Genplesite","Genplesite","Ca3Sn4+(S6+O4)2(OH)6·3H2O","Ca3Sn(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O","Ca_3_Sn(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca_3_Sn^4+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca Sn S O H","IMA2014-034"," ",6316,"Fleischerite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ca Sn^4+ S^6+ O H","Gpl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Genthelvite","Genthelvite","Be3Zn2+4(SiO4)3S2-","Be3Zn4(SiO4)3S","Be_3_Zn_4_(SiO_4_)_3_S","Be_3_Zn^2+^_4_(SiO_4_)_3_S^2-^","Be Zn Si O S"," "," ",2063,"Cancrinite-sodalite, Sodalite","cubic","P43n","Be Zn^2+ Si O S^2-","Ghv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Geocronite","Geocronite","Pb2+14Sb3+6S2-23","Pb14Sb6S23","Pb_14_Sb_6_S_23_","Pb^2+^_14_Sb^3+^_6_S^2-^_23_","Pb Sb S"," "," ",2064,"Geocronite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Geo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Georgbarsanovite","Georgbarsanovite","Na12(Mn2+,Sr,REE)3Ca6Fe2+3Zr4+3Nb5+Si25O76Cl2·H2O","Na12(Mn,Sr,REE)3Ca6Fe2+3Zr3NbSi25O76Cl2·H2O","Na_12_(Mn,Sr,REE)_3_Ca_6_Fe^2+^_3_Zr_3_NbSi_25_O_76_Cl_2_·H_2_O","Na_12_(Mn^2+^,Sr,REE)_3_Ca_6_Fe^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^Si_25_O_76_Cl_2_·H_2_O","Na Mn Sr REE Ca Fe Zr Nb Si O Cl H","IMA2003-013"," ",5228,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Mn^2+ Sr REE Ca Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si O Cl H","Gba","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Georgbokiite","Georgbokiite","Cu2+5O2(Se4+O3)2Cl2","Cu5O2(Se4+O3)2Cl2","Cu_5_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_Cl_2_","Cu^2+^_5_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_Cl_2_","Cu O Se Cl","IMA1996-015"," ",2065," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ O Se^4+ Cl","Gbk","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Georgechaoite","Georgechaoite","KNaZr4+Si3O9·2H2O","KNaZrSi3O9·2H2O","KNaZrSi_3_O_9_·2H_2_O","KNaZr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·2H_2_O","K Na Zr Si O H","IMA1984-024"," ",2066,"Gaidonnayite","orthorhombic","P21nb","K Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Gch","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"George-ericksenite","George-ericksenite","Na6CaMg(I5+O3)6(Cr6+O4)2·12H2O","Na6CaMg(IO3)6(CrO4)2·12H2O","Na_6_CaMg(IO_3_)_6_(CrO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Na_6_CaMg(I^5+^O_3_)_6_(Cr^6+^O_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Na Ca Mg I O Cr H","IMA1996-049"," ",2067," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca Mg I^5+ O Cr^6+ H","Gek","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Georgeite","Georgeite","[Cu2+(OH)2-x(H2O)x][CO3]x/2","[Cu(OH)2-x(H2O)x][CO3]x/2","[Cu(OH)_2-x_(H_2_O)_x_][CO_3_]_x/2_","[Cu^2+^(OH)_2-x_(H_2_O)_x_][CO_3_]_x/2_","Cu O H C","IMA1977-004, IMA2023 s.p., IMA20"," ",2068,"Amorphous",,,"Cu^2+ O H C","Gg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Georgerobinsonite","Georgerobinsonite","Pb2+4(Cr6+O4)2(OH)2FCl","Pb4(CrO4)2(OH)2FCl","Pb_4_(CrO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_FCl","Pb^2+^_4_(Cr^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_FCl","Pb Cr O H F Cl","IMA2009-068"," ",5797,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Pb^2+ Cr^6+ O H F Cl","Grb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Georgiadesite","Georgiadesite","Pb2+4(As3+O3)Cl4(OH)","Pb4(As3+O3)Cl4(OH)","Pb_4_(As^3+^O_3_)Cl_4_(OH)","Pb^2+^_4_(As^3+^O_3_)Cl_4_(OH)","Pb As O Cl H"," "," ",2069," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ As^3+ O Cl H","Ggd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Gerasimovskite","Gerasimovskite","Mn2+Ti4+3Nb5+2O12·9H2O","Mn2+(Ti,Nb)5O12·9H2O (?)","Mn^2+^(Ti,Nb)_5_O_12_·9H_2_O (?)","Mn^2+^Ti^4+^_3_Nb^5+^_2_O_12_·9H_2_O","Mn Ti Nb O H"," "," ",5097," ",,,"Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O H","Gms","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gerdtremmelite","Gerdtremmelite","Zn2+Al2As5+O4(OH)5","ZnAl2(AsO4)(OH)5","ZnAl_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)_5_","Zn^2+^Al_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH)_5_","Zn Al As O H","IMA1983-049a"," ",2070," ","triclinic",,"Zn^2+ Al As^5+ O H","Gtm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gerenite-(Y)","Gerenite-(Y)","NaCaY3Si6O18·2H2O","(Ca,Na,☐)2Y3Si6O18·2H2O","(Ca,Na,[box])_2_Y_3_Si_6_O_18_·2H_2_O","NaCaY_3_Si_6_O_18_·2H_2_O","Ca Na Y Si O H","IMA1993-034"," ",2071," ","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Y Si O H","Gnt-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Gerhardtite","Gerhardtite","Cu2+2N5+O3(OH)3","Cu2(NO3)(OH)3","Cu_2_(NO_3_)(OH)_3_","Cu^2+^_2_N^5+^O_3_(OH)_3_","Cu N O H"," "," ",2072," ","orthorhombic","P212121","Cu^2+ N^5+ O H","Ghd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Germanite","Germanite","Cu1+8Cu2+5Fe3+2Ge4+2S2-16","Cu13Fe2Ge2S16","Cu_13_Fe_2_Ge_2_S_16_","Cu^1+^_8_Cu^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_2_Ge^4+^_2_S^2-^_16_","Cu Fe Ge S"," "," ",2073,"Germanite, Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","P43n","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Fe^3+ Ge^4+ S^2-","Ger","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Germanocolusite","Germanocolusite","Cu1+9Cu2+4V3+Ge4+3S2-16","Cu13VGe3S16","Cu_13_VGe_3_S_16_","Cu^1+^_9_Cu^2+^_4_V^3+^Ge^4+^_3_S^2-^_16_","Cu V Ge S","IMA1991-044"," ",2074,"Germanite, Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","P43m","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ V^3+ Ge^4+ S^2-","Gclu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Gersdorffite","Gersdorffite","Ni3+(AsS)3-","NiAsS","NiAsS","Ni^3+^(AsS)^3-^","Ni As S","IMA2022 s.p."," ",2075,"Ullmannite","cubic","P213","Ni^3+ As S","Gdf-P213","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Gerstleyite","Gerstleyite","Na2(Sb,As)8S13·2H2O","Na2(Sb,As)8S13·2H2O","Na_2_(Sb,As)_8_S_13_·2H_2_O","Na_2_(Sb,As)_8_S_13_·2H_2_O","Na Sb As S H O"," "," ",2076," ","monoclinic","Cm","Na Sb As S H O","Gst","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Gerstmannite","Gerstmannite","Mn2+MgZn2+SiO4(OH)2","Mn2+MgZn(SiO4)(OH)2","Mn^2+^MgZn(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^MgZn^2+^SiO_4_(OH)_2_","Mn Mg Zn Si O H","IMA1975-030"," ",2077," ","orthorhombic","Bbcm","Mn^2+ Mg Zn^2+ Si O H","Gmn","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Geschieberite","Geschieberite","K2(U6+O2)(S6+O4)2·2H2O","K2(UO2)(SO4)2·2H2O","K_2_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","K_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","K U O S H","IMA2014-006"," ",6299," ","orthorhombic","Pna21, Pnma","K U^6+ O S^6+ H","Gsb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Getchellite","Getchellite","SbAsS3","SbAsS3","SbAsS_3_","SbAsS_3_","Sb As S","IMA1965-010"," ",2078," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Sb As S","Get","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Geuerite","Geuerite","Ag1+2Tl1+4Pb2+4As3+22S2-40","Ag2Tl4Pb4As22S40","Ag_2_Tl_4_Pb_4_As_22_S_40_","Ag^1+^_2_Tl^1+^_4_Pb^2+^_4_As^3+^_22_S^2-^_40_","Ag Tl Pb As S","IMA2019-027a"," ",7432,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag^1+ Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Geu",,"No" +"Geversite","Geversite","PtSb2","PtSb2","PtSb_2_","PtSb_2_","Pt Sb","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2079,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Pt Sb","Gev","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Ghiaraite","Ghiaraite","CaCl2·4H2O","CaCl2·4H2O","CaCl_2_·4H_2_O","CaCl_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Cl H O","IMA2012-072"," ",6126," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Cl H O","Ghi","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Giacovazzoite","Giacovazzoite","K5Fe3+3O(S6+O4)6·10H2O","K5Fe3+3O(SO4)6·10H2O","K_5_Fe^3+^_3_O(SO_4_)_6_·10H_2_O","K_5_Fe^3+^_3_O(S^6+^O_4_)_6_·10H_2_O","K Fe O S H","IMA2018-165"," ",6888," ","monoclinic","P21/c","K Fe^3+ O S^6+ H","Gvz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gianellaite","Gianellaite","[(N3-Hg2+2)2](S6+O4)(H2O)x","(Hg2N)2(SO4)(H2O)x","(Hg_2_N)_2_(SO_4_)(H_2_O)_x_","[(N^3-^Hg^2+^_2_)_2_](S^6+^O_4_)(H_2_O)_x_","Hg N S O H","IMA1972-020"," ",2080," ","cubic","F43m","N^3- Hg^2+ S^6+ O H","Gia","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Gibbsite","Gibbsite","Al(OH)3","Al(OH)3","Al(OH)_3_","Al(OH)_3_","Al O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2081,"Gibbsite","monoclinic","P21/n","Al O H","Gbs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Giessenite","Giessenite","(Cu1+,Fe2+)2Pb2+26.4(Bi3+,Sb3+)19.6S2-57","(Cu,Fe)2Pb26.4(Bi,Sb)19.6S57","(Cu,Fe)_2_Pb_26.4_(Bi,Sb)_19.6_S_57_","(Cu^1+^,Fe^2+^)_2_Pb^2+^_26.4_(Bi^3+^,Sb^3+^)_19.6_S^2-^_57_","Cu Fe Pb Bi Sb S","IMA1963-004"," ",5007,"Kobellite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","P212121, P21/n","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Gie","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Giftgrubeite","Giftgrubeite","CaMn2+2Ca2(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·4H2O","CaMn2Ca2(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·4H2O","CaMn_2_Ca_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","CaMn^2+^_2_Ca_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Mn As O H","IMA2016-102"," ",6629,"Hureaulite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Gif","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Gilalite","Gilalite","Cu2+5Si6O17·7H2O","Cu5Si6O17·7H2O","Cu_5_Si_6_O_17_·7H_2_O","Cu^2+^_5_Si_6_O_17_·7H_2_O","Cu Si O H","IMA1979-021"," ",2082," ","monoclinic",,"Cu^2+ Si O H","Gil","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Gillardite","Gillardite","Cu2+3Ni2+Cl2(OH)6","Cu3NiCl2(OH)6","Cu_3_NiCl_2_(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_3_Ni^2+^Cl_2_(OH)_6_","Cu Ni Cl O H","IMA2006-041"," ",5386,"Atacamite","hexagonal","R3m","Cu^2+ Ni^2+ Cl O H","Gla","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Gillespite","Gillespite","BaFe2+Si4O10","BaFe2+Si4O10","BaFe^2+^Si_4_O_10_","BaFe^2+^Si_4_O_10_","Ba Fe Si O"," "," ",2083,"Gillespite","tetragonal, orthorhombic","P4/ncc, P21212","Ba Fe^2+ Si O","Gls","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Gillulyite","Gillulyite","Tl2As7.5Sb0.3S13","Tl2As7.5Sb0.3S13","Tl_2_As_7.5_Sb_0.3_S_13_","Tl_2_As_7.5_Sb_0.3_S_13_","Tl As Sb S","IMA1989-029"," ",2084," ","monoclinic","P2/n","Tl As Sb S","Gly","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Gilmarite","Gilmarite","Cu2+3(As5+O4)(OH)3","Cu2+3(AsO4)(OH)3","Cu^2+^_3_(AsO_4_)(OH)_3_","Cu^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_3_","Cu As O H","IMA1996-017"," ",2085,"Gilmarite","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Gmr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ginelfite","Ginelfite","Ag1+2(Ag1+0.5Fe2+0.5)Tl1+Pb2+23.5(Sb3+,As3+)33.5S2-76","Ag2(Ag0.5Fe2+0.5)TlPb23.5(Sb,As)33.5S76","Ag_2_(Ag_0.5_Fe^2+^_0.5_)TlPb_23.5_(Sb,As)_33.5_S_76_","Ag^1+^_2_(Ag^1+^_0.5_Fe^2+^_0.5_)Tl^1+^Pb^2+^_23.5_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_33.5_S^2-^_76_","Ag Fe Tl Pb Sb As S","IMA2022-110"," ",7328,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Fe^2+ Tl^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Glf",,"No" +"Giniite","Giniite","Fe2+Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)2·2H2O","Fe2+Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)2·2H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA1977-017"," ",2086," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Cmmm, P2/a, P2/n","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Gin","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Ginorite","Ginorite","Ca2B14O20(OH)6·5H2O","Ca2B14O20(OH)6·5H2O","Ca_2_B_14_O_20_(OH)_6_·5H_2_O","Ca_2_B_14_O_20_(OH)_6_·5H_2_O","Ca B O H"," "," ",2087," ",,,"Ca B O H","Gnr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Giorgiosite","Giorgiosite","Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O","Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O","Mg_5_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Mg_5_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Mg C O H"," "," ",2088," ",,,"Mg C O H","Gio","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Giraudite-(Zn)","Giraudite-(Zn)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Zn2+2)As3+4Se2-13","Cu6(Cu4Zn2)As4Se13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Zn_2_)As_4_Se_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_)As^3+^_4_Se^2-^_13_","Cu Zn As Se","IMA1980-089, IMA2019 s.p."," ",2089,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Zn^2+ As^3+ Se^2-","Gir-Zn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Girvasite","Girvasite","NaCa2Mg3(PO4)3(CO3)(H2O)6","NaCa2Mg3(PO4)3(CO3)(H2O)6","NaCa_2_Mg_3_(PO_4_)_3_(CO_3_)(H_2_O)_6_","NaCa_2_Mg_3_(PO_4_)_3_(CO_3_)(H_2_O)_6_","Na Ca Mg P O C H","IMA1988-046"," ",2091," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Ca Mg P O C H","Gvs","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Gismondine-Ca","Gismondine-Ca","Ca2(Si4Al4)O16·8H2O","Ca2(Si4Al4)O16·8H2O","Ca_2_(Si_4_Al_4_)O_16_·8H_2_O","Ca_2_(Si_4_Al_4_)O_16_·8H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2092,"Gismondine","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Si Al O H","Gis-Ca","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Gismondine-Sr","Gismondine-Sr","Sr4(Si8Al8O32)·9H2O","Sr4(Si8Al8O32)·9H2O","Sr_4_(Si_8_Al_8_O_32_)·9H_2_O","Sr_4_(Si_8_Al_8_O_32_)·9H_2_O","Sr Si Al O H","IMA2021-043"," ",7155,"Gismondine","orthorhombic","B2212","Sr Si Al O H","Gis-Sr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Gittinsite","Gittinsite","CaZr4+Si2O7","CaZrSi2O7","CaZrSi_2_O_7_","CaZr^4+^Si_2_O_7_","Ca Zr Si O","IMA1979-034"," ",2093,"Thortveitite","monoclinic","C2","Ca Zr^4+ Si O","Git","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Giuşcăite","Giuscaite","Ag1+2Tl1+4Pb2+4As3+20Sb3+2S2-40","Ag2Tl4Pb4As20Sb2S40","Ag_2_Tl_4_Pb_4_As_20_Sb_2_S_40_","Ag^1+^_2_Tl^1+^_4_Pb^2+^_4_As^3+^_20_Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_40_","Ag Tl Pb As Sb S","IMA2023-099"," ",7441,"Sartorite","monoclinic","Pn","Ag^1+ Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Gic",,"No" +"Giuseppettite","Giuseppettite","Na42K16Ca6Si48Al48O192(S6+O4)10Cl2·5H2O","Na42K16Ca6Si48Al48O192(SO4)10Cl2·5H2O","Na_42_K_16_Ca_6_Si_48_Al_48_O_192_(SO_4_)_10_Cl_2_·5H_2_O","Na_42_K_16_Ca_6_Si_48_Al_48_O_192_(S^6+^O_4_)_10_Cl_2_·5H_2_O","Na K Ca Si Al O S Cl H","IMA1979-064"," ",2094,"Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P31c","Na K Ca Si Al O S^6+ Cl H","Giu","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gjerdingenite-Ca","Gjerdingenite-Ca","K2Ca(Nb5+,Ti4+)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O","K2Ca(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O","K_2_Ca(Nb,Ti)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·6H_2_O","K_2_Ca(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·6H_2_O","K Ca Nb Ti Si O H","IMA2005-029"," ",5533,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Ca Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Gje-Ca","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gjerdingenite-Fe","Gjerdingenite-Fe","K2Fe2+(Nb5+,Ti4+)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O","K2Fe(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O","K_2_Fe(Nb,Ti)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·6H_2_O","K_2_Fe^2+^(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·6H_2_O","K Fe Nb Ti Si O H","IMA2001-009"," ",2095,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Fe^2+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Gje-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gjerdingenite-Mn","Gjerdingenite-Mn","K2Mn2+(Nb5+,Ti4+)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O","K2Mn(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O","K_2_Mn(Nb,Ti)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·6H_2_O","K_2_Mn^2+^(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·6H_2_O","K Mn Nb Ti Si O H","IMA2003-015"," ",5230,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mn^2+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Gje-Mn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gjerdingenite-Na","Gjerdingenite-Na","(K,Na)2Na(Nb5+,Ti4+)4(Si4O12)2(OH,O)4·5H2O","K2Na(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(OH,O)4·5H2O","K_2_Na(Nb,Ti)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(OH,O)_4_·5H_2_O","(K,Na)_2_Na(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(OH,O)_4_·5H_2_O","K Na Nb Ti Si O H","IMA2005-030"," ",5534,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Na Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Gje-Na","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gladite","Gladite","Cu1+Pb2+Bi3+5S2-9","CuPbBi5S9","CuPbBi_5_S_9_","Cu^1+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_5_S^2-^_9_","Cu Pb Bi S"," "," ",2096,"Meneghinite","orthorhombic","Pmcn, Pbnm","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Gld","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Gladiusite","Gladiusite","Fe3+2Fe2+4PO4(OH)11·H2O","Fe3+2Fe2+4(PO4)(OH)11·H2O","Fe^3+^_2_Fe^2+^_4_(PO_4_)(OH)_11_·H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_Fe^2+^_4_PO_4_(OH)_11_·H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA1998-011"," ",2097," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Fe^3+ Fe^2+ P O H","Gds","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Gladkovskyite","Gladkovskyite","Mn2+Tl1+As3+3S2-6","MnTlAs3S6","MnTlAs_3_S_6_","Mn^2+^Tl^1+^As^3+^_3_S^2-^_6_","Mn Tl As S","IMA2018-098"," ",6827,"Not in a structural group",,,"Mn^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Gkv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Glagolevite","Glagolevite","Na(Mg,Al)6(Si3Al)O10(OH,O)8","Na(Mg,Al)6(Si3Al)O10(OH,O)8","Na(Mg,Al)_6_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH,O)_8_","Na(Mg,Al)_6_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH,O)_8_","Na Mg Al Si O H","IMA2001-064"," ",2098," ","triclinic","C1","Na Mg Al Si O H","Ggl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Glauberite","Glauberite","Na2Ca(S6+O4)2","Na2Ca(SO4)2","Na_2_Ca(SO_4_)_2_","Na_2_Ca(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Na Ca S O"," "," ",2099," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca S^6+ O","Glb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Glaucocerinite","Glaucocerinite","Zn2+1-xAlx(S6+O4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x<0.5, n>3x/2)","(Zn1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Zn_1-x_Al_x_)(SO_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","Zn^2+^_1-x_Al_x_(S^6+^O_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x<0.5, n>3x/2)","Zn Al S O H"," "," ",2100,"Woodwardite, Hydrotalcite","hexagonal",,"Zn^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Gc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Glaucochroite","Glaucochroite","CaMn2+SiO4","CaMn2+(SiO4)","CaMn^2+^(SiO_4_)","CaMn^2+^SiO_4_","Ca Mn Si O"," "," ",2101,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Ca Mn^2+ Si O","Glc","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Glaucodot","Glaucodot","Co3+Fe3+(AsS)3-2","(Co0.5Fe0.5)AsS","(Co_0.5_Fe_0.5_)AsS","Co^3+^Fe^3+^(AsS)^3-^_2_","Co Fe As S"," "," ",2102,"Arsenopyrite","orthorhombic","Pn21m","Co^3+ Fe^3+ As S","Gl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Glaucophane","Glaucophane","☐Na2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2","☐Na2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Na_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Na_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Mg Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",2104,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Al Si O H","Gln","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism","No" +"Glaukosphaerite","Glaukosphaerite","Cu2+Ni2+CO3(OH)2","CuNi(CO3)(OH)2","CuNi(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^Ni^2+^CO_3_(OH)_2_","Cu Ni C O H","IMA1972-028"," ",2105,"Malachite","monoclinic","P21/a","Cu^2+ Ni^2+ C O H","Gks","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Glecklerite","Glecklerite","Na(C2H3O3)1-","Na(C2H3O3)","Na(C_2_H_3_O_3_)","Na(C_2_H_3_O_3_)^1-^","Na C H O","IMA2023-071"," ",7388,"Glycolate","orthorhombic",,"Na C H O"," ","Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Glikinite","Glikinite","Zn2+3O(S6+O4)2","Zn3O(SO4)2","Zn_3_O(SO_4_)_2_","Zn^2+^_3_O(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Zn O S","IMA2018-119"," ",6851," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Zn^2+ O S^6+","Gli","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Glucine","Glucine","CaBe4(PO4)2(OH)4·0.5H2O","CaBe4(PO4)2(OH)4·0.5H2O","CaBe_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·0.5H_2_O","CaBe_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·0.5H_2_O","Ca Be P O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2106," ",,,"Ca Be P O H","Glu","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Glushinskite","Glushinskite","Mg(C2)6+O4·2H2O","Mg(C2O4)·2H2O","Mg(C_2_O_4_)·2H_2_O","Mg(C_2_)^6+^O_4_·2H_2_O","Mg C O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2107,"Humboldtine, Oxalate","monoclinic","C2/c","Mg C O H","Gsk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Gmalimite","Gmalimite","K6☐Fe2+24S2-27","K6☐Fe2+24S27","K_6_[box]Fe^2+^_24_S_27_","K_6_[box]Fe^2+^_24_S^2-^_27_","K Fe S","IMA2019-007"," ",6898,"Djerfisherite","cubic","Pm3m","K Fe^2+ S^2-","Gma","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gmelinite-Ca","Gmelinite-Ca","Ca2(Si8Al4)O24·11H2O","Ca2(Si8Al4)O24·11H2O","Ca_2_(Si_8_Al_4_)O_24_·11H_2_O","Ca_2_(Si_8_Al_4_)O_24_·11H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2108,"Gmelinite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ca Si Al O H","Gme-Ca","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Gmelinite-K","Gmelinite-K","K4(Si8Al4)O24·11H2O","K4(Si8Al4)O24·11H2O","K_4_(Si_8_Al_4_)O_24_·11H_2_O","K_4_(Si_8_Al_4_)O_24_·11H_2_O","K Si Al O H","IMA1999-039"," ",2109,"Gmelinite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","K Si Al O H","Gme-K","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Gmelinite-Na","Gmelinite-Na","Na4(Si8Al4)O24·11H2O","Na4(Si8Al4)O24·11H2O","Na_4_(Si_8_Al_4_)O_24_·11H_2_O","Na_4_(Si_8_Al_4_)O_24_·11H_2_O","Na Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2110,"Gmelinite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Na Si Al O H","Gme-Na","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Gobbinsite","Gobbinsite","Na5(Si11Al5)O32·11H2O","Na5(Si11Al5)O32·11H2O","Na_5_(Si_11_Al_5_)O_32_·11H_2_O","Na_5_(Si_11_Al_5_)O_32_·11H_2_O","Na Si Al O H","IMA1980-070"," ",2111,"Gismondine","orthorhombic","Pmnb, Pmn21","Na Si Al O H","Gbb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gobelinite","Gobelinite","Co2+Cu2+4(S6+O4)2(OH)6·6H2O","CoCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·6H2O","CoCu_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Co^2+^Cu^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Co Cu S O H","IMA2018-167"," ",6890,"Ktenasite","monoclinic","P21/c","Co^2+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Gob","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Godlevskite","Godlevskite","(Ni,Fe)9S8","(Ni,Fe)9S8","(Ni,Fe)_9_S_8_","(Ni,Fe)_9_S_8_","Ni Fe S","IMA1968-032"," ",2112,"Pentlandite","tetragonal, orthorhombic","I42d, C222","Ni Fe S","Go","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Godovikovite","Godovikovite","(N3-H4)Al(S6+O4)2","(NH4)Al(SO4)2","(NH_4_)Al(SO_4_)_2_","(N^3-^H_4_)Al(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","N H Al S O","IMA1987-019"," ",2113,"Sabieite","hexagonal","P321","N^3- H Al S^6+ O","God","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Goedkenite","Goedkenite","Sr2Al(PO4)2(OH)","Sr2Al(PO4)2(OH)","Sr_2_Al(PO_4_)_2_(OH)","Sr_2_Al(PO_4_)_2_(OH)","Sr Al P O H","IMA1974-004"," ",2114,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Sr Al P O H","Goe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Goethite","Goethite","Fe3+O(OH)","FeO(OH)","FeO(OH)","Fe^3+^O(OH)","Fe O H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",2115,"Diaspore","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Fe^3+ O H","Gth","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Gold","Gold","Au","Au","Au","Au","Au"," "," ",2116,"Copper","cubic","Fm3m","Au","Au","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","Yes" +"Goldfieldite","Goldfieldite","(Cu1+4☐2)Cu1+6Te4+4S2-13","(Cu4☐2)Cu6Te4S13","(Cu_4_[box]_2_)Cu_6_Te_4_S_13_","(Cu^1+^_4_[box]_2_)Cu^1+^_6_Te^4+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Te S","IMA2019 s.p."," ",2117,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Te^4+ S^2-","Gf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Goldhillite","Goldhillite","Cu2+5Zn2+(As5+O4)2(OH)6·H2O","Cu5Zn(AsO4)2(OH)6·H2O","Cu_5_Zn(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^_5_Zn^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·H_2_O","Cu Zn As O H","IMA2021-034"," ",7144,"Philipsburgite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Gdh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Goldichite","Goldichite","KFe3+(S6+O4)2·4H2O","KFe3+(SO4)2·4H2O","KFe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","KFe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","K Fe S O H"," "," ",2118," ","monoclinic","P21/c","K Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Gol","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Goldmanite","Goldmanite","Ca3V3+2(SiO4)3","Ca3V3+2(SiO4)3","Ca_3_V^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Ca_3_V^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Ca V Si O","IMA1963-003"," ",2119,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d, Ia3d","Ca V^3+ Si O","Glm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Goldquarryite","Goldquarryite","Cu2+Cd2+2Al3(PO4)4F3·10H2O","CuCd2Al3(PO4)4F3·10H2O","CuCd_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_4_F_3_·10H_2_O","Cu^2+^Cd^2+^_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_4_F_3_·10H_2_O","Cu Cd Al P O F H","IMA2001-058"," ",2120," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ Cd^2+ Al P O F H","Gqy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Goldschmidtite","Goldschmidtite","KNb5+O3","KNbO3","KNbO_3_","KNb^5+^O_3_","K Nb O","IMA2018-034"," ",6776,"Perovskite","cubic","Pm3m","K Nb^5+ O","Gsc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Golyshevite","Golyshevite","Na10Ca9Zr4+3Fe2+2SiNb5+(Si3O9)2(Si9O27)2(OH)3(CO3)·H2O","Na10Ca9Zr3Fe2SiNb(Si3O9)2(Si9O27)2(OH)3(CO3)·H2O","Na_10_Ca_9_Zr_3_Fe_2_SiNb(Si_3_O_9_)_2_(Si_9_O_27_)_2_(OH)_3_(CO_3_)·H_2_O","Na_10_Ca_9_Zr^4+^_3_Fe^2+^_2_SiNb^5+^(Si_3_O_9_)_2_(Si_9_O_27_)_2_(OH)_3_(CO_3_)·H_2_O","Na Ca Zr Fe Si Nb O H C","IMA2004-039"," ",5324,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ca Zr^4+ Fe^2+ Si Nb^5+ O H C","Gsv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Gonnardite","Gonnardite","(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10·3H2O","(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10·3H2O","(Na,Ca)_2_(Si,Al)_5_O_10_·3H_2_O","(Na,Ca)_2_(Si,Al)_5_O_10_·3H_2_O","Na Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2121,"Natrolite","tetragonal","I42d","Na Ca Si Al O H","Gon","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Gonyerite","Gonyerite","Mn2+5Fe3+(Si3Fe3+O10)(OH)8","Mn2+5Fe3+(Si3Fe3+O10)(OH)8","Mn^2+^_5_Fe^3+^(Si_3_Fe^3+^O_10_)(OH)_8_","Mn^2+^_5_Fe^3+^(Si_3_Fe^3+^O_10_)(OH)_8_","Mn Fe Si O H"," "," ",2122,"Chlorite, Clay","orthorhombic",,"Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Gye","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Goosecreekite","Goosecreekite","Ca(Si6Al2)O16·5H2O","Ca(Si6Al2)O16·5H2O","Ca(Si_6_Al_2_)O_16_·5H_2_O","Ca(Si_6_Al_2_)O_16_·5H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1980-004"," ",2123," ","monoclinic","P21","Ca Si Al O H","Gck","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Gorbunovite","Gorbunovite","CsLi2(Ti3+,Fe3+)Si4O10(F,OH,O)2","CsLi2(Ti,Fe)Si4O10(F,OH,O)2","CsLi_2_(Ti,Fe)Si_4_O_10_(F,OH,O)_2_","CsLi_2_(Ti^3+^,Fe^3+^)Si_4_O_10_(F,OH,O)_2_","Cs Li Ti Fe Si O F H","IMA2017-040"," ",6683,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","Cs Li Ti^3+ Fe^3+ Si O F H","Gbv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Gorceixite","Gorceixite","BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","BaAl_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","BaAl_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Ba Al P O H"," "," ",2124,"Alunite-crandallite","monoclinic, hexagonal","R3m, R3m, Cm","Ba Al P O H","Gcx","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Gordaite","Gordaite","NaZn2+4(S6+O4)(OH)6Cl·6H2O","NaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl·6H2O","NaZn_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_6_Cl·6H_2_O","NaZn^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_6_Cl·6H_2_O","Na Zn S O H Cl","IMA1996-006"," ",2125,"Ktenasite","hexagonal","P3","Na Zn^2+ S^6+ O H Cl","Gda","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gordonite","Gordonite","MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","MgAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","MgAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg Al P O H"," "," ",2126,"Laueite","triclinic","P1","Mg Al P O H","Gdo","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Gorerite","Gorerite","CaAlFe3+11O19","CaAlFe3+11O19","CaAlFe^3+^_11_O_19_","CaAlFe^3+^_11_O_19_","Ca Al Fe O","IMA2019-080"," ",6964,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ca Al Fe^3+ O","Gor","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Görgeyite","Gorgeyite","K2Ca5(S6+O4)6·H2O","K2Ca5(SO4)6·H2O","K_2_Ca_5_(SO_4_)_6_·H_2_O","K_2_Ca_5_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_·H_2_O","K Ca S O H"," "," ",2127," ","monoclinic","C2/c, B2/b","K Ca S^6+ O H","Gög","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Gormanite","Gormanite","Fe2+3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","Fe2+3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","Fe^2+^_3_Al_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Fe^2+^_3_Al_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Fe Al P O H","IMA1977-030"," ",2128,"Souzalite","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Al P O H","Gm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Gortdrumite","Gortdrumite","Cu24Fe2Hg9S23","Cu24Fe2Hg9S23","Cu_24_Fe_2_Hg_9_S_23_","Cu_24_Fe_2_Hg_9_S_23_","Cu Fe Hg S","IMA1979-039"," ",2129," ","orthorhombic",,"Cu Fe Hg S","Gdr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Goryainovite","Goryainovite","Ca2(PO4)Cl","Ca2(PO4)Cl","Ca_2_(PO_4_)Cl","Ca_2_(PO_4_)Cl","Ca P O Cl","IMA2015-090"," ",6490," ","orthorhombic","Pbcm","Ca P O Cl","Gyv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Goslarite","Goslarite","Zn2+S6+O4·7H2O","Zn(SO4)·7H2O","Zn(SO_4_)·7H_2_O","Zn^2+^S^6+^O_4_·7H_2_O","Zn S O H"," "," ",2130,"Epsomite","orthorhombic","P212121","Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Gos","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Gottardiite","Gottardiite","Na3Mg3Ca5Al19Si117O272·93H2O","Na3Mg3Ca5Al19Si117O272·93H2O","Na_3_Mg_3_Ca_5_Al_19_Si_117_O_272_·93H_2_O","Na_3_Mg_3_Ca_5_Al_19_Si_117_O_272_·93H_2_O","Na Mg Ca Al Si O H","IMA1994-054"," ",2131," ","orthorhombic","Cmca","Na Mg Ca Al Si O H","Gtt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Gottlobite","Gottlobite","CaMg(V5+O4)(OH)","CaMg(VO4)(OH)","CaMg(VO_4_)(OH)","CaMg(V^5+^O_4_)(OH)","Ca Mg V O H","IMA1998-066"," ",2132,"Adelite","orthorhombic","P212121","Ca Mg V^5+ O H","Got","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Götzenite","Gotzenite","Ca4NaCa2Ti4+(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca4NaCa2Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca_4_NaCa_2_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca_4_NaCa_2_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca Na Ti Si O F","IMA2016 s.p."," ",2133,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","triclinic","P1","Ca Na Ti^4+ Si O F","Göz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Goudeyite","Goudeyite","Cu2+6Al(As5+O4)3(OH)6·3H2O","Cu6Al(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","Cu_6_Al(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_Al(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu Al As O H","IMA1978-015"," ",2134,"Mixite","hexagonal","P63/m","Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O H","Gdy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gowerite","Gowerite","Ca[B5O8(OH)][B(OH)3]·3H2O","Ca[B5O8(OH)][B(OH)3]·3H2O","Ca[B_5_O_8_(OH)][B(OH)_3_]·3H_2_O","Ca[B_5_O_8_(OH)][B(OH)_3_]·3H_2_O","Ca B O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2135," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca B O H","Gow","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Goyazite","Goyazite","SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","SrAl_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","SrAl_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Sr Al P O H","IMA1999 s.p."," ",2136,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Sr Al P O H","Goy","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Graemite","Graemite","Cu2+Te4+O3·H2O","Cu2+(Te4+O3)·H2O","Cu^2+^(Te^4+^O_3_)·H_2_O","Cu^2+^Te^4+^O_3_·H_2_O","Cu Te O H","IMA1974-022"," ",2137," ","orthorhombic","Pcmm","Cu^2+ Te^4+ O H","Gmi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Graeserite","Graeserite","Fe3+4Ti4+3As3+O13(OH)","Fe3+4Ti3As3+O13(OH)","Fe^3+^_4_Ti_3_As^3+^O_13_(OH)","Fe^3+^_4_Ti^4+^_3_As^3+^O_13_(OH)","Fe Ti As O H","IMA1996-010"," ",2138," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^3+ Ti^4+ As^3+ O H","Gsr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Graftonite","Graftonite","Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2","Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2","Fe^2+^Fe^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Fe^2+^Fe^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Fe P O"," "," ",2139,"Graftonite","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^2+ P O","Gft","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Graftonite-(Ca)","Graftonite-(Ca)","CaFe2+2(PO4)2","CaFe2+2(PO4)2","CaFe^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_","CaFe^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Ca Fe P O","IMA2017-048"," ",6684,"Graftonite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Fe^2+ P O","Gft-Ca","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Graftonite-(Mn)","Graftonite-(Mn)","Mn2+Fe2+2(PO4)2","MnFe2+2(PO4)2","MnFe^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Mn^2+^Fe^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Mn Fe P O","IMA2017-050"," ",6685,"Graftonite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ Fe^2+ P O","Gft-Mn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Grahampearsonite","Grahampearsonite","Ca2P2O7","Ca2P2O7","Ca_2_P_2_O_7_","Ca_2_P_2_O_7_","Ca P O","IMA2025-017"," ",7587,"Percleveite","tetragonal","P41","Ca P O","Gps",,"No" +"Gramaccioliite-(Y)","Gramaccioliite-(Y)","(Pb2+,Sr)(Y,Mn2+)Fe3+2(Ti4+,Fe3+)18O38","(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38","(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe^3+^_2_(Ti,Fe^3+^)_18_O_38_","(Pb^2+^,Sr)(Y,Mn^2+^)Fe^3+^_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_18_O_38_","Pb Sr Y Mn Fe Ti O","IMA2001-034"," ",2140,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Pb^2+ Sr Y Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O","Gmc-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Grammatikopoulosite","Grammatikopoulosite","NiVP","NiVP","NiVP","NiVP","Ni V P","IMA2019-090"," ",6976,"Barringerite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ni V P","Gmk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Grandaite","Grandaite","Sr2+2Al(As5+O4)2(OH)","Sr2Al(AsO4)2(OH)","Sr_2_Al(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)","Sr^2+^_2_Al(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)","Sr Al As O H","IMA2013-059"," ",6226,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Sr^2+ Al As^5+ O H","Grd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Grandidierite","Grandidierite","MgAl3O2(BO3)SiO4","MgAl3O2(BO3)(SiO4)","MgAl_3_O_2_(BO_3_)(SiO_4_)","MgAl_3_O_2_(BO_3_)SiO_4_","Mg Al O B Si"," "," ",2141," ","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Mg Al O B Si","Gdd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Grandreefite","Grandreefite","Pb2+2(S6+O4)F2","Pb2(SO4)F2","Pb_2_(SO_4_)F_2_","Pb^2+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)F_2_","Pb S O F","IMA1988-016"," ",2142," ","monoclinic","A2/a","Pb^2+ S^6+ O F","Grf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Grandviewite","Grandviewite","Cu2+3Al2(S6+O4)(OH)10·H2O","Cu3Al2(SO4)(OH)10·H2O","Cu_3_Al_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_10_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_10_·H_2_O","Cu Al S O H","IMA2007-004, IMA2022 s.p."," ",5574," ","monoclinic, triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Gvw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Grantsite","Grantsite","(Na,Ca)2+x(V5+,V4+)6O16·4H2O","(Na,Ca)2+x(V5+,V4+)6O16·4H2O","(Na,Ca)_2+x_(V^5+^,V^4+^)_6_O_16_·4H_2_O","(Na,Ca)_2+x_(V^5+^,V^4+^)_6_O_16_·4H_2_O","Na Ca V O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2143,"Hewettite","monoclinic",,"Na Ca V^5+ V^4+ O H","Gs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Graphite","Graphite","C","C","C","C","C"," "," ",2144," ","hexagonal, orthorhombic","P63mc, Fmmm, Cmma, Cmmm, Pcca, Pban, P63/mmc, R3m","C","Gr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM29 - Lightning-generated minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","Yes" +"Graţianite","Gratianite","Mn2+Bi3+2S2-4","MnBi2S4","MnBi_2_S_4_","Mn^2+^Bi^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Mn Bi S","IMA2013-076"," ",6235,"Berthierite","monoclinic","C2/m","Mn^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Gţi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Gratonite","Gratonite","Pb2+9As3+4S2-15","Pb9As4S15","Pb_9_As_4_S_15_","Pb^2+^_9_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_15_","Pb As S"," "," ",2145," ","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Gtn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Grattarolaite","Grattarolaite","Fe3+3O3PO4","Fe3+3O3(PO4)","Fe^3+^_3_O_3_(PO_4_)","Fe^3+^_3_O_3_PO_4_","Fe O P","IMA1995-037"," ",2146," ","hexagonal","R3m","Fe^3+ O P","Gra","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Graulichite-(Ce)","Graulichite-(Ce)","Ce3+Fe3+3(As5+O4)2(OH)6","CeFe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)6","CeFe^3+^_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ce^3+^Fe^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ce Fe As O H","IMA2002-001"," ",5008,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Ce^3+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Grl-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Graulichite-(La)","Graulichite-(La)","LaFe3+3(As5+O4)2(OH)6","LaFe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)6","LaFe^3+^_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","LaFe^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","La Fe As O H","IMA2020-093"," ",7108,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","La Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Grl-La","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gravegliaite","Gravegliaite","Mn2+S4+O3·3H2O","Mn2+(S4+O3)·3H2O","Mn^2+^(S^4+^O_3_)·3H_2_O","Mn^2+^S^4+^O_3_·3H_2_O","Mn S O H","IMA1990-020"," ",2147,"Gravegliaite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mn^2+ S^4+ O H","Gvg","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Grayite","Grayite","(Th3+,Pb2+,Ca)(PO4)·H2O","(Th,Pb,Ca)(PO4)·H2O","(Th,Pb,Ca)(PO_4_)·H_2_O","(Th^3+^,Pb^2+^,Ca)(PO_4_)·H_2_O","Th Pb Ca P O H"," "," ",2148,"Rhabdophane",,,"Th^3+ Pb^2+ Ca P O H","Gry","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Grechishchevite","Grechishchevite","Hg2+3S2-2BrCl0.5I1-0.5","Hg3S2BrCl0.5I0.5","Hg_3_S_2_BrCl_0.5_I_0.5_","Hg^2+^_3_S^2-^_2_BrCl_0.5_I^1-^_0.5_","Hg S Br Cl I","IMA1988-027"," ",2149," ","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Hg^2+ S^2- Br Cl I^1-","Gcv","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Greenalite","Greenalite","(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4","(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4","(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_2-3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_2-3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Fe Si O H"," "," ",2150,"Clay, Serpentine","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Gre","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Greenlizardite","Greenlizardite","(N3-H4)Na(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)2(OH)2·4H2O","(NH4)Na(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","(NH_4_)Na(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)Na(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","N H Na U O S","IMA2017-001"," ",6644,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","N^3- H Na U^6+ O S^6+","Glz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Greenockite","Greenockite","Cd2+S2-","CdS","CdS","Cd^2+^S^2-^","Cd S"," "," ",2151,"Wurtzite","hexagonal","P63mc","Cd^2+ S^2-","Gnk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Greenwoodite","Greenwoodite","Ba2-x(V3+OH)xV3+9(Fe3+,Fe2+)2Si2O22","Ba2-x(V3+OH)xV3+9(Fe3+,Fe2+)2Si2O22","Ba_2-x_(V^3+^OH)_x_V^3+^_9_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_2_Si_2_O_22_","Ba_2-x_(V^3+^OH)_x_V^3+^_9_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_2_Si_2_O_22_","Ba V O H Fe Si","IMA2010-007"," ",5836,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P3m1","Ba V^3+ O H Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Si","Gwd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Gregoryite","Gregoryite","Na2CO3","Na2(CO3)","Na_2_(CO_3_)","Na_2_CO_3_","Na C O","IMA1981-045"," ",5009," ",,,"Na C O","Ggy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Greifensteinite","Greifensteinite","Ca2Fe2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca2Be4Fe2+5(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca_2_Be_4_Fe^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^_5_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca Be Fe P O H","IMA2001-044"," ",2152,"Roscherite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Fe^2+ Be P O H","Gfs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Greigite","Greigite","Fe2+Fe3+2S4","Fe2+Fe3+2S4","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_S_4_","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_S_4_","Fe S","IMA1963-007"," ",2153,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S","Grg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere, PM44 - Anoxic microbially-mediated minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Grenmarite","Grenmarite","Na2Zr4+2Na2Mn2+Zr4+(Si2O7)2O2F2","Na2Zr2Na2MnZr(Si2O7)2O2F2","Na_2_Zr_2_Na_2_MnZr(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Na_2_Zr^4+^_2_Na_2_Mn^2+^Zr^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Na Zr Mn Si O F","IMA2003-024"," ",5235,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","monoclinic","P2/c","Na Zr^4+ Mn^2+ Si O F","Grn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Grguricite","Grguricite","CaCr3+2(CO3)2(OH)4·4H2O","CaCr2(CO3)2(OH)4·4H2O","CaCr_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","CaCr^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Ca Cr C O H","IMA2019-123"," ",7006,"Alumohydrocalcite","triclinic","P1","Ca Cr^3+ C O H","Ggu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Griceite","Griceite","LiF","LiF","LiF","LiF","Li F","IMA1986-043"," ",2154,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Li F","Gri","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Griffinite","Griffinite","Al2Ti4+O5","Al2TiO5","Al_2_TiO_5_","Al_2_Ti^4+^O_5_","Al Ti O","IMA2021-110"," ",7213,"Pseudobrookite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Al Ti^4+ O","Gfn","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Grigorievite","Grigorievite","Cu2+3Fe3+2Al2(V5+O4)6","Cu3Fe3+2Al2(VO4)6","Cu_3_Fe^3+^_2_Al_2_(VO_4_)_6_","Cu^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_Al_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_6_","Cu Fe Al V O","IMA2012-047"," ",6104,"Howardevansite","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ Al V^5+ O","Ggv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Grimaldiite","Grimaldiite","Cr3+O(OH)","CrO(OH)","CrO(OH)","Cr^3+^O(OH)","Cr O H","IMA1967-036"," ",2155," ","hexagonal","R3m, R3m","Cr^3+ O H","Gmd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Grimmite","Grimmite","Ni2+Co3+2S2-4","NiCo2S4","NiCo_2_S_4_","Ni^2+^Co^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Ni Co S","IMA2020-060"," ",7074,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Ni^2+ Co^3+ S^2-","Gmm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Grimselite","Grimselite","K3Na(U6+O2)(CO3)3·H2O","K3Na(UO2)(CO3)3·H2O","K_3_Na(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·H_2_O","K_3_Na(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·H_2_O","K Na U O C H","IMA1971-040"," ",2156," ","hexagonal","P62c","K Na U^6+ O C H","Gsl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Griphite","Griphite","Ca(Mn2+,Na,Li)6Fe2+Al2(PO4)6(F,OH)2","Ca(Mn2+,Na,Li)6Fe2+Al2(PO4)6(F,OH)2","Ca(Mn^2+^,Na,Li)_6_Fe^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_6_(F,OH)_2_","Ca(Mn^2+^,Na,Li)_6_Fe^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_6_(F,OH)_2_","Ca Mn Na Li Fe Al P O F H"," "," ",2157," ","cubic","Pa3","Ca Mn^2+ Na Li Fe^2+ Al P O F H","Gph","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Grischunite","Grischunite","NaCa2Mn2+5Fe3+(As5+O4)6·2H2O","NaCa2Mn2+5Fe3+(AsO4)6·2H2O","NaCa_2_Mn^2+^_5_Fe^3+^(AsO_4_)_6_·2H_2_O","NaCa_2_Mn^2+^_5_Fe^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_6_·2H_2_O","Na Ca Mn Fe As O H","IMA1981-028"," ",2158,"Wicksite","orthorhombic","Pcab","Na Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Gcn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Groatite","Groatite","☐NaCaMn2+2(PO4)(HPO4)2","☐NaCaMn2(PO4)(HPO4)2","[box]NaCaMn_2_(PO_4_)(HPO_4_)_2_","[box]NaCaMn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)(HPO_4_)_2_","Na Ca Mn P O H","IMA2008-054"," ",5714,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca Mn^2+ P O H","Goa","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Grokhovskyite","Grokhovskyite","CuCrS2","CuCrS2","CuCrS_2_","CuCrS_2_","Cu Cr S","IMA2019-065"," ",6952,"Scacchite","hexagonal","R3m","Cu Cr S","Ghy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Grootfonteinite","Grootfonteinite","Pb2+3O(CO3)2","Pb3O(CO3)2","Pb_3_O(CO_3_)_2_","Pb^2+^_3_O(CO_3_)_2_","Pb O C","IMA2015-051"," ",6451," ","hexagonal","P63mc, P63/mmc","Pb^2+ O C","Gtf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Grossite","Grossite","CaAl4O7","CaAl4O7","CaAl_4_O_7_","CaAl_4_O_7_","Ca Al O","IMA1993-052"," ",2159," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Al O","Gss","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Grossmanite","Grossmanite","Ca(Ti3+,Mg,Ti4+)AlSiO6","Ca(Ti3+,Mg,Ti4+)AlSiO6","Ca(Ti^3+^,Mg,Ti^4+^)AlSiO_6_","Ca(Ti^3+^,Mg,Ti^4+^)AlSiO_6_","Ca Ti Mg Al Si O","IMA2008-042a"," ",5735,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Ti^3+ Mg Ti^4+ Al Si O","Gsm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Grossular","Grossular","Ca3Al2(SiO4)3","Ca3Al2(SiO4)3","Ca_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Ca_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Ca Al Si O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2160,"Garnet","cubic, triclinic","Ia3d, Ia3d, I1","Ca Al Si O","Grs","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Groutite","Groutite","Mn3+O(OH)","Mn3+O(OH)","Mn^3+^O(OH)","Mn^3+^O(OH)","Mn O H"," "," ",2161,"Diaspore","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pbnm","Mn^3+ O H","Gro","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Grumantite","Grumantite","NaSi2O4(OH)·H2O","NaSi2O4(OH)·H2O","NaSi_2_O_4_(OH)·H_2_O","NaSi_2_O_4_(OH)·H_2_O","Na Si O H","IMA1985-029"," ",2162," ","orthorhombic","Fdd2","Na Si O H","Gmt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Grumiplucite","Grumiplucite","Hg2+Bi3+2S2-4","HgBi2S4","HgBi_2_S_4_","Hg^2+^Bi^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Hg Bi S","IMA1997-021"," ",2163,"Pavonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Hg^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Gpc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Grundmannite","Grundmannite","Cu1+Bi3+Se2-2","CuBiSe2","CuBiSe_2_","Cu^1+^Bi^3+^Se^2-^_2_","Cu Bi Se","IMA2015-038"," ",6439,"Chalcostibite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^1+ Bi^3+ Se^2-","Gdm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Grunerite","Grunerite","☐Fe2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2","☐Fe2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Fe^2+^_2_Fe^2+^_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Fe^2+^_2_Fe^2+^_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Fe Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",2164,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^2+ Si O H","Gru","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Gruzdevite","Gruzdevite","Cu1+6Hg2+3Sb3+4S2-12","Cu6Hg3Sb4S12","Cu_6_Hg_3_Sb_4_S_12_","Cu^1+^_6_Hg^2+^_3_Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_12_","Cu Hg Sb S","IMA1980-053"," ",2165,"Nowackiite","hexagonal",,"Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Gzd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Guanacoite","Guanacoite","MgCu2+2Mg2(As5+O4)2(OH)4(H2O)4","Cu2Mg3(OH)4(AsO4)2·4H2O","Cu_2_Mg_3_(OH)_4_(AsO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","MgCu^2+^_2_Mg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_4_","Cu Mg O H As","IMA2003-021"," ",5234,"Akrochordite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Gnc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Guanajuatite","Guanajuatite","Bi3+2Se2-3","Bi2Se3","Bi_2_Se_3_","Bi^3+^_2_Se^2-^_3_","Bi Se"," "," ",2166,"Stibnite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Bi^3+ Se^2-","Gj","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Guangyuanite","Guangyuanite","Pb2+3Cl3(Se4+O3)(OH)","Pb3Cl3(Se4+O3)(OH)","Pb_3_Cl_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)(OH)","Pb^2+^_3_Cl_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)(OH)","Pb Cl Se O H","IMA2022-124"," ",7341,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Pb^2+ Cl Se^4+ O H","Gyn",,"No" +"Guanine","Guanine","C5H3(NH2)N4O","C5H3(NH2)N4O","C_5_H_3_(NH_2_)N_4_O","C_5_H_3_(NH_2_)N_4_O","C H N O","IMA1973-056"," ",2167," ","monoclinic","P21/n","C H N O","Gni","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Guarinoite","Guarinoite","Zn2+6S6+O4(OH)10·5H2O","Zn6(SO4)(OH)10·5H2O","Zn_6_(SO_4_)(OH)_10_·5H_2_O","Zn^2+^_6_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_10_·5H_2_O","Zn S O H","IMA1991-005"," ",2168,"Guarinoite","hexagonal",,"Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Gua","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Guastoniite-(Y)","Guastoniite-(Y)","Pb2+4(YCa)(Si8B4O28)F","Pb4(YCa)(Si8B4O28)F","Pb_4_(YCa)(Si_8_B_4_O_28_)F","Pb^2+^_4_(YCa)(Si_8_B_4_O_28_)F","Pb Y Ca Si B O F","IMA2024-082"," ",7533,"Hyalotekite","triclinic","I1","Pb^2+ Y Ca Si B O F","Gsn-Y",,"No" +"Gudmundite","Gudmundite","Fe3+(SbS)3-","FeSbS","FeSbS","Fe^3+^(SbS)^3-^","Fe Sb S"," "," ",2169,"Arsenopyrite","monoclinic","P21/c, B21/d","Fe^3+ Sb S","Gu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Guérinite","Guerinite","Ca6(HAs5+O4)3(As5+O4)2·10.5H2O","Ca6(HAsO4)3(AsO4)2·10.5H2O","Ca_6_(HAsO_4_)_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·10.5H_2_O","Ca_6_(HAs^5+^O_4_)_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·10.5H_2_O","Ca H As O","IMA2007 s.p."," ",2170," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca H As^5+ O","Gué","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Guettardite","Guettardite","Pb2+Sb3+As3+S2-4","PbSbAsS4","PbSbAsS_4_","Pb^2+^Sb^3+^As^3+^S^2-^_4_","Pb Sb As S","IMA1966-018"," ",2171,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Gue","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Gugiaite","Gugiaite","Ca2BeSi2O7","Ca2BeSi2O7","Ca_2_BeSi_2_O_7_","Ca_2_BeSi_2_O_7_","Ca Be Si O","IMA1983-072"," ",2172,"Melilite","tetragonal","P421m","Ca Be Si O","Gug","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Guidottiite","Guidottiite","Mn2+2Fe3+(SiFe3+)O5(OH)4","Mn2Fe3+(SiFe3+)O5(OH)4","Mn_2_Fe^3+^(SiFe^3+^)O_5_(OH)_4_","Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(SiFe^3+^)O_5_(OH)_4_","Mn Fe Si O H","IMA2009-061"," ",5794,"Serpentine, Clay","hexagonal","P63","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Gdt","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Guildite","Guildite","Cu2+Fe3+(S6+O4)2(OH)·4H2O","CuFe3+(SO4)2(OH)·4H2O","CuFe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","Cu Fe S O H"," "," ",2173," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Gdi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Guilleminite","Guilleminite","Ba(U6+O2)3(Se4+O3)2O2·3H2O","Ba(UO2)3(Se4+O3)2O2·3H2O","Ba(UO_2_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_O_2_·3H_2_O","Ba(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_O_2_·3H_2_O","Ba U O Se H","IMA1964-031"," ",2174,"Guilleminite","orthorhombic","P21nm","Ba U^6+ O Se^4+ H","Gul","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Guimarãesite","Guimaraesite","Ca2Zn2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca2Be4Zn5(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca_2_Be_4_Zn_5_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca_2_Zn^2+^_5_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca Be Zn P O H","IMA2006-028"," ",5535,"Roscherite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Zn^2+ Be P O H","Grã","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Guite","Guite","Co2+Co3+2O4","Co2+Co3+2O4","Co^2+^Co^3+^_2_O_4_","Co^2+^Co^3+^_2_O_4_","Co O","IMA2017-080"," ",6710,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Co^2+ Co^3+ O","Gui","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Guixiangite","Guixiangite","Ni3+(BiS)3-","NiBiS","NiBiS","Ni^3+^(BiS)^3-^","Ni Bi S","IMA2025-019"," ",7579,"Ullmannite","cubic","P213","Ni^3+ Bi S","Gx",,"No" +"Gungerite","Gungerite","TlAs5Sb4S13","TlAs5Sb4S13","TlAs_5_Sb_4_S_13_","TlAs_5_Sb_4_S_13_","Tl As Sb S","IMA2020-009"," ",7025,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Tl As Sb S","Gng","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Gunmaite","Gunmaite","(Na2Sr)Sr2Al10(PO4)4F14(OH)12","(Na2Sr)Sr2Al10(PO4)4F14(OH)12","(Na_2_Sr)Sr_2_Al_10_(PO_4_)_4_F_14_(OH)_12_","(Na_2_Sr)Sr_2_Al_10_(PO_4_)_4_F_14_(OH)_12_","Na Sr Al P O F H","IMA2022-080"," ",7300,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3m","Na Sr Al P O F H","Gum",,"No" +"Gunningite","Gunningite","Zn2+S6+O4·H2O","Zn(SO4)·H2O","Zn(SO_4_)·H_2_O","Zn^2+^S^6+^O_4_·H_2_O","Zn S O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2175,"Kieserite","monoclinic","C2/c","Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Gnn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Günterblassite","Gunterblassite","(K,Ca,Ba,Na,☐)3Fe2+[(Si,Al)13O25(OH,O)4]·7H2O","(K,Ca,Ba,Na,☐)3Fe[(Si,Al)13O25(OH,O)4]·7H2O","(K,Ca,Ba,Na,[box])_3_Fe[(Si,Al)_13_O_25_(OH,O)_4_]·7H_2_O","(K,Ca,Ba,Na,[box])_3_Fe^2+^[(Si,Al)_13_O_25_(OH,O)_4_]·7H_2_O","K Ca Ba Na Fe Si Al O H","IMA2011-032"," ",5960,"Günterblassite","orthorhombic","Pnm21","K Ca Ba Na Fe^2+ Si Al O H","Gbl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gunterite","Gunterite","Na4Ca[V5+10O28]·20H2O","Na4Ca[V10O28]·20H2O","Na_4_Ca[V_10_O_28_]·20H_2_O","Na_4_Ca[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·20H_2_O","Na Ca V O H","IMA2011-001, IMA2021 s.p."," ",5932,"Pascoite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca V^5+ O H","Gun","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Gupeiite","Gupeiite","Fe3Si","Fe3Si","Fe_3_Si","Fe_3_Si","Fe Si","IMA1983-087"," ",2176," ","cubic","Fm3m","Fe Si","Gup","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Gurimite","Gurimite","Ba3(V5+O4)2","Ba3(VO4)2","Ba_3_(VO_4_)_2_","Ba_3_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_","Ba V O","IMA2013-032"," ",6193,"Palmierite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba V^5+ O","Gur","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Gurzhiite","Gurzhiite","Al(U6+O2)(S6+O4)2F·10H2O","Al(UO2)(SO4)2F·10H2O","Al(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_F·10H_2_O","Al(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_F·10H_2_O","Al U O S F H","IMA2021-086"," ",7193," ","triclinic","P1","Al U^6+ O S^6+ F H","Grz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gustavite","Gustavite","Ag1+Pb2+Bi3+3S2-6","AgPbBi3S6","AgPbBi_3_S_6_","Ag^1+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_3_S^2-^_6_","Ag Pb Bi S","IMA1967-048"," ",5010,"Lillianite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","P21/c, Cmcm","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Gus","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Gutkovaite-Mn","Gutkovaite-Mn","CaK2Mn2+(Ti4+,Nb5+)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·5H2O","CaK2Mn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·5H2O","CaK_2_Mn(Ti,Nb)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·5H_2_O","CaK_2_Mn^2+^(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Ca K Mn Ti Nb Si O H","IMA2001-038"," ",5011,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","Cm, C2/m","Ca K Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Gko-Mn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Guyanaite","Guyanaite","Cr3+O(OH)","CrO(OH)","CrO(OH)","Cr^3+^O(OH)","Cr O H","IMA1967-034"," ",2177," ","orthorhombic","P21nm, Pnnm","Cr^3+ O H","Guy","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gwihabaite","Gwihabaite","(N3-H4)N5+O3","(NH4)(NO3)","(NH_4_)(NO_3_)","(N^3-^H_4_)N^5+^O_3_","N H O","IMA1994-011"," ",2178," ","orthorhombic","Pbnm","N^3- H N^5+ O","Gwi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Gypsum","Gypsum","CaS6+O4·2H2O","Ca(SO4)·2H2O","Ca(SO_4_)·2H_2_O","CaS^6+^O_4_·2H_2_O","Ca S O H"," "," ",2179,"Gypsum","monoclinic","I2/a, I2/c, C2/c","Ca S^6+ O H","Gp","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Gyrolite","Gyrolite","NaCa16(Si23Al)O60(OH)8·14H2O","NaCa16(Si23Al)O60(OH)8·14H2O","NaCa_16_(Si_23_Al)O_60_(OH)_8_·14H_2_O","NaCa_16_(Si_23_Al)O_60_(OH)_8_·14H_2_O","Na Ca Si Al O H"," "," ",2180,"Gyrolite","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Si Al O H","Gyr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Gysinite-(Ce)","Gysinite-(Ce)","Pb2+Ce3+(CO3)2(OH)(H2O)","PbCe(CO3)2(OH)(H2O)","PbCe(CO_3_)_2_(OH)(H_2_O)","Pb^2+^Ce^3+^(CO_3_)_2_(OH)(H_2_O)","Pb Ce C O H","IMA2023-035"," ",7387,"Ancylite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Pb^2+ Ce^3+ C O H","Gys-Ce",,"No" +"Gysinite-(La)","Gysinite-(La)","Pb2+La(CO3)2(OH)·H2O","PbLa(CO3)2(OH)·H2O","PbLa(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Pb^2+^La(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Pb La C O H","IMA2022-008"," ",7232,"Ancylite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Pb^2+ La C O H","Gys-La","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Gysinite-(Nd)","Gysinite-(Nd)","Pb2+Nd(CO3)2(OH)·H2O","PbNd(CO3)2(OH)·H2O","PbNd(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Pb^2+^Nd(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Pb Nd C O H","IMA1981-046, IMA1987 s.p."," ",2181,"Ancylite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pmcn","Pb^2+ Nd C O H","Gys-Nd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Haapalaite","Haapalaite","2[(Fe2+,Ni2+)S2-]·1.61[(Mg,Fe2+)(OH)2]","2[(Fe,Ni)S]·1.61[(Mg,Fe)(OH)2]","2[(Fe,Ni)S]·1.61[(Mg,Fe)(OH)_2_]","2[(Fe^2+^,Ni^2+^)S^2-^]·1.61[(Mg,Fe^2+^)(OH)_2_]","Fe Ni S Mg O H","IMA1972-021"," ",2182,"Valleriite","hexagonal",,"Fe^2+ Ni^2+ S^2- Mg O H","Ha","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hafnon","Hafnon","Hf4+SiO4","Hf(SiO4)","Hf(SiO_4_)","Hf^4+^SiO_4_","Hf Si O","IMA1974-018"," ",2183,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Hf^4+ Si O","Haf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hagendorfite","Hagendorfite","Na2Mn2+Fe2+Fe3+(PO4)3","Na2MnFe2+Fe3+(PO4)3","Na_2_MnFe^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_","Na_2_Mn^2+^Fe^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_","Na Mn Fe P O"," "," ",2184,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O","Hag","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Haggertyite","Haggertyite","BaMgFe2+4Fe3+2Ti4+5O19","BaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19","BaFe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_2_Ti_5_MgO_19_","BaMgFe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_5_O_19_","Ba Fe Ti Mg O","IMA1996-054"," ",2185,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ba Mg Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O","Hgt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Häggite","Haggite","V3+V4+O2(OH)3","V3+V4+O2(OH)3","V^3+^V^4+^O_2_(OH)_3_","V^3+^V^4+^O_2_(OH)_3_","V O H"," "," ",2186," ","monoclinic","C2/m","V^3+ V^4+ O H","Hgg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hagstromite","Hagstromite","Pb2+8Cu2+(Te6+O6)2(CO3)Cl4","Pb8Cu2+(Te6+O6)2(CO3)Cl4","Pb_8_Cu^2+^(Te^6+^O_6_)_2_(CO_3_)Cl_4_","Pb^2+^_8_Cu^2+^(Te^6+^O_6_)_2_(CO_3_)Cl_4_","Pb Cu Te O C Cl","IMA2019-093"," ",6979,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Ibam","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O C Cl","Hgs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Haidingerite","Haidingerite","Ca(As5+O3OH)·H2O","Ca(AsO3OH)·H2O","Ca(AsO_3_OH)·H_2_O","Ca(As^5+^O_3_OH)·H_2_O","Ca As O H"," "," ",2187," ","orthorhombic","Pcnb","Ca As^5+ O H","Hdi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Haigerachite","Haigerachite","KFe3+3(H2PO4)6(HPO4)2·4H2O","KFe3+3(H2PO4)6(HPO4)2·4H2O","KFe^3+^_3_(H_2_PO_4_)_6_(HPO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","KFe^3+^_3_(H_2_PO_4_)_6_(HPO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","K Fe H P O","IMA1997-049"," ",2188," ","monoclinic","C2/c","K Fe^3+ H P O","Hga","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Haineaultite","Haineaultite","(Na,Ca)5Ca(Ti4+,Nb5+)5Si12O34(OH,F)8·5H2O","(Na,Ca)5Ca(Ti,Nb)5Si12O34(OH,F)8·5H2O","(Na,Ca)_5_Ca(Ti,Nb)_5_Si_12_O_34_(OH,F)_8_·5H_2_O","(Na,Ca)_5_Ca(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_5_Si_12_O_34_(OH,F)_8_·5H_2_O","Na Ca Ti Nb Si O H F","IMA1997-015"," ",5012," ","orthorhombic","C222","Na Ca Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H F","Hnt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hainite-(Y)","Hainite-(Y)","Ca2(CaY)Na(NaCa)Ti4+(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca2(CaY)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca_2_(CaY)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca_2_(CaY)Na(NaCa)Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca Y Na Ti Si O F","IMA2016 s.p."," ",2189,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","triclinic","P1, P1","Ca Y Na Ti^4+ Si O F","Hai-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Haitaite-(La)","Haitaite-(La)","LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti4+13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38","LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38","LaU^4+^Fe^3+^_2_(Ti_13_Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)O_38_","LaU^4+^Fe^3+^_2_(Ti^4+^_13_Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)O_38_","La U Fe Ti O","IMA2019-033a"," ",7096,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","La U^4+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Fe^2+ O","Hti-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Haiweeite","Haiweeite","Ca(U6+O2)2Si5O12(OH)2·6H2O","Ca(UO2)2(Si5O12)(OH)2·6H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_2_(Si_5_O_12_)(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_2_Si_5_O_12_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Ca U O Si H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2190," ","orthorhombic","Cmcm, Pbcn","Ca U^6+ O Si H","Hwe","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Hakite-(Cd)","Hakite-(Cd)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Cd2+2)Sb3+4Se2-13","Cu6(Cu4Cd2)Sb4Se13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Cd_2_)Sb_4_Se_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Cd^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_Se^2-^_13_","Cu Cd Sb Se","IMA2022-090"," ",7309,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Cd^2+ Sb^3+ Se^2-","Hak-Cd",,"No" +"Hakite-(Fe)","Hakite-(Fe)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Fe2+2)Sb3+4Se2-13","Cu6(Cu4Fe2)Sb4Se13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Fe_2_)Sb_4_Se_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Fe^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_Se^2-^_13_","Cu Fe Sb Se","IMA2022-082"," ",7302,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Sb^3+ Se^2-","Hak-Fe",,"No" +"Hakite-(Hg)","Hakite-(Hg)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Hg2+2)Sb3+4Se2-13","Cu6(Cu4Hg2)Sb4Se13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Hg_2_)Sb_4_Se_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Hg^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_Se^2-^_13_","Cu Hg Sb Se","IMA1970-019, IMA2019 s.p."," ",2191,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Sb^3+ Se^2-","Hak-Hg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hakite-(Zn)","Hakite-(Zn)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Zn2+2)Sb3+4Se2-13","Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4Se13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Zn_2_)Sb_4_Se_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_Se^2-^_13_","Cu Zn Sb Se","IMA2022-083"," ",7303,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Zn^2+ Sb^3+ Se^2-","Hak-Zn",,"No" +"Halamishite","Halamishite","Ni5P4","Ni5P4","Ni_5_P_4_","Ni_5_P_4_","Ni P","IMA2013-105"," ",6264,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63mc","Ni P","Hla","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Håleniusite-(Ce)","Haleniusite-(Ce)","Ce3+OF","CeOF","CeOF","Ce^3+^OF","Ce O F","IMA2021-042"," ",7150,"Fluorite","cubic","Fm3m","Ce^3+ O F","Hål-Ce","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Håleniusite-(La)","Haleniusite-(La)","LaOF","LaOF","LaOF","LaOF","La O F","IMA2003-028"," ",5237,"Fluorite","cubic","Fm3m","La O F","Hål-La","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Halilsarpite","Halilsarpite","[Mg(H2O)6][CaAs3+2(Fe3+2.67Mo6+0.33)(As5+O4)2O7]","[Mg(H2O)6][CaAs3+2(Fe3+2.67Mo6+0.33)(AsO4)2O7]","[Mg(H_2_O)_6_][CaAs^3+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2.67_Mo^6+^_0.33_)(AsO_4_)_2_O_7_]","[Mg(H_2_O)_6_][CaAs^3+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2.67_Mo^6+^_0.33_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_O_7_]","Mg H O Ca As Fe Mo","IMA2019-023"," ",6911,"Walentaite","orthorhombic","Imma","Mg H O Ca As^3+ Fe^3+ Mo^6+ As^5+","Hsp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Halite","Halite","NaCl","NaCl","NaCl","NaCl","Na Cl"," "," ",2192,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Na Cl","Hl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Hallimondite","Hallimondite","Pb2+2(U6+O2)(As5+O4)2·nH2O","Pb2(UO2)(AsO4)2·nH2O","Pb_2_(UO_2_)(AsO_4_)_2_·nH_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·nH_2_O","Pb U O As H","IMA1965-008"," ",2193," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ U^6+ O As^5+ H","Hll","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Halloysite","Halloysite","Al2Si2O5(OH)4","Al2Si2O5(OH)4","Al_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Al_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Al Si O H","IMA2022 s.p."," ",2194,"Clay, Kaolinite","monoclinic","Cm","Al Si O H","Hly-7Å","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Halotrichite","Halotrichite","Fe2+Al2(S6+O4)4·22H2O","Fe2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O","Fe^2+^Al_2_(SO_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Fe^2+^Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Fe Al S O H"," "," ",2195,"Halotrichite","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Hth","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Halurgite","Halurgite","Mg4[B8O13(OH)2]2·7H2O","Mg4[B8O13(OH)2]2·7H2O","Mg_4_[B_8_O_13_(OH)_2_]_2_·7H_2_O","Mg_4_[B_8_O_13_(OH)_2_]_2_·7H_2_O","Mg B O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2196," ",,,"Mg B O H","Hlg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Hambergite","Hambergite","Be2BO3(OH)","Be2(BO3)(OH)","Be_2_(BO_3_)(OH)","Be_2_BO_3_(OH)","Be B O H"," "," ",2197," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Be B O H","Hb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hammarite","Hammarite","Cu1+2Pb2+2Bi3+4S2-9","Cu2Pb2Bi4S9","Cu_2_Pb_2_Bi_4_S_9_","Cu^1+^_2_Pb^2+^_2_Bi^3+^_4_S^2-^_9_","Cu Pb Bi S"," "," ",5099,"Meneghinite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Hmr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hanahanite","Hanahanite","[Zn2+8(OH)14(S6+O4)]·3H2O","[Zn8(OH)14(SO4)]·3H2O","[Zn_8_(OH)_14_(SO_4_)]·3H_2_O","[Zn^2+^_8_(OH)_14_(S^6+^O_4_)]·3H_2_O","Zn O H S","IMA2022-012"," ",7236,"Ktenasite","hexagonal","P63","Zn^2+ O H S^6+","Hnh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hanauerite","Hanauerite","Ag1+Hg2+S2-I1-","AgHgSI","AgHgSI","Ag^1+^Hg^2+^S^2-^I^1-^","Ag Hg S I","IMA2018-045"," ",6783,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pmma","Ag^1+ Hg^2+ S^2- I^1-","Hna","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hanawaltite","Hanawaltite","Hg1+6Hg2+O3Cl2","Hg1+6Hg2+O3Cl2","Hg^1+^_6_Hg^2+^O_3_Cl_2_","Hg^1+^_6_Hg^2+^O_3_Cl_2_","Hg O Cl","IMA1994-036"," ",2198," ","orthorhombic","Pbma","Hg^1+ Hg^2+ O Cl","Hnw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hancockite","Hancockite","CaPb2+Fe3+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaPb(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaPb(Al_2_Fe^3+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaPb^2+^Fe^3+^Al_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Pb Al Fe Si O H","IMA2006 s.p."," ",2199,"Clinozoisite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Al Si O H","Hnc","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Hanjiangite","Hanjiangite","Ba2Ca(V3+Al)(AlSi3O10)(OH)2F(CO3)2","Ba2Ca(V3+Al)(AlSi3O10)(OH)2F(CO3)2","Ba_2_Ca(V^3+^Al)(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_2_F(CO_3_)_2_","Ba_2_Ca(V^3+^Al)(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_2_F(CO_3_)_2_","Ba Ca V Al Si O H F C","IMA2009-082"," ",5811,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2","Ba Ca V^3+ Al Si O H F C","Hji","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hanksite","Hanksite","KNa22(S6+O4)9(CO3)2Cl","KNa22(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl","KNa_22_(SO_4_)_9_(CO_3_)_2_Cl","KNa_22_(S^6+^O_4_)_9_(CO_3_)_2_Cl","K Na S O C Cl"," "," ",2200," ","hexagonal","P63/m","K Na S^6+ O C Cl","Hks","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Hannayite","Hannayite","(N3-H4)2Mg3(PO3OH)4·8H2O","(NH4)2Mg3(PO3OH)4·8H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Mg_3_(PO_3_OH)_4_·8H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Mg_3_(PO_3_OH)_4_·8H_2_O","N H Mg P O"," "," ",2201," ","triclinic","P1","N^3- H Mg P O","Han","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Hannebachite","Hannebachite","(CaS4+O3)2·H2O","Ca(SO3)·0.5H2O","Ca(SO_3_)·0.5H_2_O","(CaS^4+^O_3_)_2_·H_2_O","Ca S O H","IMA1983-056"," ",2202," ","orthorhombic","Pbna","Ca S^4+ O H","Hbc","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Hansblockite","Hansblockite","(Cu1+,Hg2+)(Bi3+,Pb2+)Se2-2","(Cu,Hg)(Bi,Pb)Se2","(Cu,Hg)(Bi,Pb)Se_2_","(Cu^1+^,Hg^2+^)(Bi^3+^,Pb^2+^)Se^2-^_2_","Cu Hg Bi Pb Se","IMA2015-103"," ",6503," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Bi^3+ Pb^2+ Se^2-","Hbk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hansesmarkite","Hansesmarkite","Ca2Mn2+2Nb5+6O19·20H2O","Ca2Mn2Nb6O19·20H2O","Ca_2_Mn_2_Nb_6_O_19_·20H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_2_Nb^5+^_6_O_19_·20H_2_O","Ca Mn Nb O H","IMA2015-067"," ",6468,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca Mn^2+ Nb^5+ O H","Hmk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hanswilkeite","Hanswilkeite","KFe3+S2-2","KFeS2","KFeS_2_","KFe^3+^S^2-^_2_","K Fe S","IMA2022-041"," ",7264,"Raguinite","monoclinic","C2/c","K Fe^3+ S^2-","Hsw","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Hapkeite","Hapkeite","Fe2Si","Fe2Si","Fe_2_Si","Fe_2_Si","Fe Si","IMA2003-014"," ",5229," ","cubic","Pm3m","Fe Si","Hpk",,"No" +"Haradaite","Haradaite","SrV4+Si2O7","SrV4+Si2O7","SrV^4+^Si_2_O_7_","SrV^4+^Si_2_O_7_","Sr V Si O","IMA1963-011"," ",2203," ","orthorhombic","Amam, Cmcm","Sr V^4+ Si O","Hra","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Hardystonite","Hardystonite","Ca2Zn2+Si2O7","Ca2ZnSi2O7","Ca_2_ZnSi_2_O_7_","Ca_2_Zn^2+^Si_2_O_7_","Ca Zn Si O"," "," ",2204,"Melilite","tetragonal","P421m","Ca Zn^2+ Si O","Hdy","Abiotic, Biotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Harkerite","Harkerite","Ca48Mg16[AlSi4O15(OH)]4(BO3)16(CO3)16·2(H2O,HCl)","Ca48Mg16[AlSi4O15(OH)]4(BO3)16(CO3)16·2(H2O,HCl)","Ca_48_Mg_16_[AlSi_4_O_15_(OH)]_4_(BO_3_)_16_(CO_3_)_16_·2(H_2_O,HCl)","Ca_48_Mg_16_[AlSi_4_O_15_(OH)]_4_(BO_3_)_16_(CO_3_)_16_·2(H_2_O,HCl)","Ca Mg Al Si O H B C Cl","IMA2021 s.p."," ",2205,"Harkerite","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Mg Al Si O H B C Cl","Hkr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Harmotome","Harmotome","Ba2(Si12Al4)O32·12H2O","Ba2(Si12Al4)O32·12H2O","Ba_2_(Si_12_Al_4_)O_32_·12H_2_O","Ba_2_(Si_12_Al_4_)O_32_·12H_2_O","Ba Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2206,"Harmotome","monoclinic","P21/m","Ba Si Al O H","Hrm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Harmunite","Harmunite","CaFe3+2O4","CaFe2O4","CaFe_2_O_4_","CaFe^3+^_2_O_4_","Ca Fe O","IMA2012-045"," ",6102,"Spinel-Post-spinel","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca Fe^3+ O","Hmu","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Harrisonite","Harrisonite","CaFe2+6(SiO4)2(PO4)2","CaFe2+6(SiO4)2(PO4)2","CaFe^2+^_6_(SiO_4_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_","CaFe^2+^_6_(SiO_4_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Ca Fe Si O P","IMA1991-010"," ",2207," ","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Fe^2+ Si O P","Hrs","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Harstigite","Harstigite","Ca6Mn2+Be4(SiO4)2(Si2O7)2(OH)2","Ca6Be4Mn2+(SiO4)2(Si2O7)2(OH)2","Ca_6_Be_4_Mn^2+^(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_2_","Ca_6_Mn^2+^Be_4_(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_2_","Ca Be Mn Si O H"," "," ",2208," ","orthorhombic","Pnam","Ca Mn^2+ Be Si O H","Har","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Hasanovite","Hasanovite","KNa(Mo6+O2)(S6+O4)2","KNa(MoO2)(SO4)2","KNa(MoO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_","KNa(Mo^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","K Na Mo O S","IMA2020-033"," ",7045,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","K Na Mo^6+ O S^6+","Has","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Hashemite","Hashemite","BaCr6+O4","Ba(CrO4)","Ba(CrO_4_)","BaCr^6+^O_4_","Ba Cr O","IMA1978-006"," ",2209,"Baryte","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ba Cr^6+ O","Hsh","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Hastingsite","Hastingsite","NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","NaCa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaCa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Fe Si Al O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",2210,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Hst","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Hatchite","Hatchite","Ag1+Pb2+Tl1+As3+2S2-5","AgTlPbAs2S5","AgTlPbAs_2_S_5_","Ag^1+^Pb^2+^Tl^1+^As^3+^_2_S^2-^_5_","Ag Tl Pb As S"," "," ",2212," ","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Hat","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hatertite","Hatertite","NaNaCa(Cu2+Fe3+)(As5+O4)3","NaNaCa(Cu2+Fe3+)(AsO4)3","NaNaCa(Cu^2+^Fe^3+^)(AsO_4_)_3_","NaNaCa(Cu^2+^Fe^3+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Cu Fe As O","IMA2012-048"," ",6105,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca Cu^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O","Htt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Hatrurite","Hatrurite","Ca3SiO5","Ca3SiO5","Ca_3_SiO_5_","Ca_3_SiO_5_","Ca Si O"," "," ",2213," ","monoclinic, hexagonal","Cm, R3m","Ca Si O","Hrr","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Hauchecornite","Hauchecornite","Ni9BiSbS8","Ni9BiSbS8","Ni_9_BiSbS_8_","Ni_9_BiSbS_8_","Ni Bi Sb S","IMA1975-006a"," ",2214,"Hauchecornite","tetragonal","P4/mmm","Ni Bi Sb S","Hau","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hauckite","Hauckite","Fe3+3Mg24Zn2+18(S6+O4)4(CO3)2(OH)81","Fe3+3Mg24Zn18(SO4)4(CO3)2(OH)81","Fe^3+^_3_Mg_24_Zn_18_(SO_4_)_4_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_81_","Fe^3+^_3_Mg_24_Zn^2+^_18_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_81_","Fe Mg Zn S O C H","IMA1979-012"," ",5024," ","hexagonal",,"Fe^3+ Mg Zn^2+ S^6+ O C H","Hck","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Hauerite","Hauerite","Mn2+(S2)2-","MnS2","MnS_2_","Mn^2+^(S_2_)^2-^","Mn S"," "," ",2215,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Mn^2+ S","Hr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Hausmannite","Hausmannite","Mn2+Mn3+2O4","Mn2+Mn3+2O4","Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_O_4_","Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_O_4_","Mn O"," "," ",2216,"Spinel","tetragonal","I41/amd","Mn^2+ Mn^3+ O","Hsm","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Haüyne","Hauyne","Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(S6+O4)","Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)","Na_3_Ca(Si_3_Al_3_)O_12_(SO_4_)","Na_3_Ca(Si_3_Al_3_)O_12_(S^6+^O_4_)","Na Ca Si Al O S"," "," ",2217,"Sodalite, Cancrinite-sodalite","cubic","P43n","Na Ca Si Al O S^6+","Hyn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Hawleyite","Hawleyite","Cd2+S2-","CdS","CdS","Cd^2+^S^2-^","Cd S"," "," ",2218,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","Cd^2+ S^2-","Hwl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Hawthorneite","Hawthorneite","BaMgTi4+3Cr3+4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19","BaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19","BaMgTi_3_Cr_4_Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_O_19_","BaMgTi^4+^_3_Cr^3+^_4_Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_O_19_","Ba Mg Ti Cr Fe O","IMA1988-019"," ",2219,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ba Mg Ti^4+ Cr^3+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O","Hwt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Haxonite","Haxonite","(Fe,Ni)23C6","(Fe,Ni)23C6","(Fe,Ni)_23_C_6_","(Fe,Ni)_23_C_6_","Fe Ni C","IMA1971-001"," ",2220,"Haxonite","cubic",,"Fe Ni C","Hax","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Haycockite","Haycockite","Cu4Fe5S8","Cu4Fe5S8","Cu_4_Fe_5_S_8_","Cu_4_Fe_5_S_8_","Cu Fe S","IMA1971-028"," ",2221,"Chalcopyrite","orthorhombic","P222","Cu Fe S","Hyc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Haydeeite","Haydeeite","Cu2+3Mg(OH)6Cl2","Cu3Mg(OH)6Cl2","Cu_3_Mg(OH)_6_Cl_2_","Cu^2+^_3_Mg(OH)_6_Cl_2_","Cu Mg O H Cl","IMA2006-046"," ",5565,"Atacamite","hexagonal","P3m1","Cu^2+ Mg O H Cl","Hyd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hayelasdiite","Hayelasdiite","[Pb2+4O1.5(OH)2.5]2[Cu1+5(S6+O3S2-)4(S6+O3S2-H)2(H2O)]·4H2O","[Pb4O1.5(OH)2.5]2[Cu1+5(S2O3)4(S2O2OH)2(H2O)]·4H2O","[Pb_4_O_1.5_(OH)_2.5_]_2_[Cu^1+^_5_(S_2_O_3_)_4_(S_2_O_2_OH)_2_(H_2_O)]·4H_2_O","[Pb^2+^_4_O_1.5_(OH)_2.5_]_2_[Cu^1+^_5_(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_4_(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^H)_2_(H_2_O)]·4H_2_O","Pb O H Cu S","IMA2022-021"," ",7249," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ O H Cu^1+ S^6+ S^2-","Hyl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Haynesite","Haynesite","(U6+O2)3(Se4+O3)2(OH)2·5H2O","(UO2)3(Se4+O3)2(OH)2·5H2O","(UO_2_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","U O Se H","IMA1990-023"," ",2222," ","orthorhombic",,"U^6+ O Se^4+ H","Hay","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Haywoodite","Haywoodite","[Pb2+(H2O)10][Zn2+12(OH)20(H2O)(S6+O4)3]","[Pb(H2O)10][Zn12(OH)20(H2O)(SO4)3]","[Pb(H_2_O)_10_][Zn_12_(OH)_20_(H_2_O)(SO_4_)_3_]","[Pb^2+^(H_2_O)_10_][Zn^2+^_12_(OH)_20_(H_2_O)(S^6+^O_4_)_3_]","Pb H O Zn S","IMA2021-115"," ",7219,"Ktenasite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ H O Zn^2+ S^6+","Hyw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hayyanite","Hayyanite","Cu1+5Ag1+11Pb2+76Sb3+71As3+17As2+8S2-224","Cu5Ag11Pb76Sb71As17(As2+)8S224","Cu_5_Ag_11_Pb_76_Sb_71_As_17_(As^2+^)_8_S_224_","Cu^1+^_5_Ag^1+^_11_Pb^2+^_76_Sb^3+^_71_As^3+^_17_As^2+^_8_S^2-^_224_","Cu Ag Pb Sb As S","IMA2023-048"," ",7396,"Madocite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ As^2+ S^2-","Hyy",,"No" +"Hazenite","Hazenite","KNaMg2(PO4)2·14H2O","KNaMg2(PO4)2·14H2O","KNaMg_2_(PO_4_)_2_·14H_2_O","KNaMg_2_(PO_4_)_2_·14H_2_O","K Na Mg P O H","IMA2007-061"," ",5660,"Struvite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pmnb","K Na Mg P O H","Hz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Heamanite-(Ce)","Heamanite-(Ce)","(K0.5Ce3+0.5)Ti4+O3","(K0.5Ce0.5)TiO3","(K_0.5_Ce_0.5_)TiO_3_","(K_0.5_Ce^3+^_0.5_)Ti^4+^O_3_","K Ce Ti O","IMA2020-001"," ",7019,"Perovskite","cubic","Pm3m","K Ce^3+ Ti^4+ O","Hea-Ce","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Heazlewoodite","Heazlewoodite","Ni3S2","Ni3S2","Ni_3_S_2_","Ni_3_S_2_","Ni S"," "," ",2223," ","hexagonal","R32","Ni S","Hzl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Hechtsbergite","Hechtsbergite","Bi3+2O(V5+O4)(OH)","Bi2O(VO4)(OH)","Bi_2_O(VO_4_)(OH)","Bi^3+^_2_O(V^5+^O_4_)(OH)","Bi O V H","IMA1995-050"," ",2224,"Atelestite","monoclinic","P21/c","Bi^3+ O V^5+ H","Heb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hectorfloresite","Hectorfloresite","Na9(I5+O3)(S6+O4)4","Na9(IO3)(SO4)4","Na_9_(IO_3_)(SO_4_)_4_","Na_9_(I^5+^O_3_)(S^6+^O_4_)_4_","Na I O S","IMA1987-050a"," ",2225," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Na I^5+ O S^6+","Hfl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Hectorite","Hectorite","Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(F,OH)2·nH2O","Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(F,OH)2·nH2O","Na_0.3_(Mg,Li)_3_Si_4_O_10_(F,OH)_2_·nH_2_O","Na_0.3_(Mg,Li)_3_Si_4_O_10_(F,OH)_2_·nH_2_O","Na Mg Li Si O F H"," "," ",2226,"Clay",,,"Na Mg Li Si O F H","Htr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration","No" +"Hedegaardite","Hedegaardite","(Ca,Na)9(Ca,Na)Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)","(Ca,Na)9(Ca,Na)Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)","(Ca,Na)_9_(Ca,Na)Mg(PO_4_)_6_(PO_3_OH)","(Ca,Na)_9_(Ca,Na)Mg(PO_4_)_6_(PO_3_OH)","Ca Na Mg P O H","IMA2014-069"," ",6368,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ca Na Mg P O H","Hed","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hedenbergite","Hedenbergite","CaFe2+Si2O6","CaFe2+Si2O6","CaFe^2+^Si_2_O_6_","CaFe^2+^Si_2_O_6_","Ca Fe Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",2227,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Fe^2+ Si O","Hd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM28 - Photo-alteration, pre-biotic, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Hedleyite","Hedleyite","Bi7Te3","Bi7Te3","Bi_7_Te_3_","Bi_7_Te_3_","Bi Te"," "," ",4867,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","P3m1","Bi Te","Hdl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hedyphane","Hedyphane","Ca2Pb2+3(As5+O4)3Cl","Ca2Pb3(AsO4)3Cl","Ca_2_Pb_3_(AsO_4_)_3_Cl","Ca_2_Pb^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_Cl","Ca Pb As O Cl","IMA1980 s.p."," ",2228,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Pb^2+ As^5+ O Cl","Hdp","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Heflikite","Heflikite","Ca2(Al2Sc)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","Ca2(Al2Sc)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","Ca_2_(Al_2_Sc)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca_2_(Al_2_Sc)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Al Sc Si O H","IMA2022-139"," ",7350,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Al Sc Si O H","Hfk",,"No" +"Heftetjernite","Heftetjernite","ScTa5+O4","ScTaO4","ScTaO_4_","ScTa^5+^O_4_","Sc Ta O","IMA2006-056"," ",5613,"Columbite","monoclinic","P2/c","Sc Ta^5+ O","Hef","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Heideite","Heideite","(Fe2+,Cr2+)1.15(Ti3+,Fe2+)2S2-4","(Fe,Cr)1.15(Ti,Fe)2S4","(Fe,Cr)_1.15_(Ti,Fe)_2_S_4_","(Fe^2+^,Cr^2+^)_1.15_(Ti^3+^,Fe^2+^)_2_S^2-^_4_","Fe Cr Ti S","IMA1973-062"," ",2229,"Wilkmanite","monoclinic","I2/m","Fe^2+ Cr^2+ Ti^3+ S^2-","Hei","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Heidornite","Heidornite","Na2Ca3B5O8(S6+O4)2(OH)2Cl","Na2Ca3B5O8(SO4)2(OH)2Cl","Na_2_Ca_3_B_5_O_8_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_Cl","Na_2_Ca_3_B_5_O_8_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_Cl","Na Ca B O S H Cl"," "," ",2230," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca B O S^6+ H Cl","Hdn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Heimaeyite","Heimaeyite","Na3Al(S6+O4)3","Na3Al(SO4)3","Na_3_Al(SO_4_)_3_","Na_3_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","Na Al S O","IMA2023-127a"," ",7476,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3","Na Al S^6+ O","Hme",,"No" +"Heimite","Heimite","Pb2+Cu2+2(As5+O4)(OH)3·2H2O","PbCu2(AsO4)(OH)3·2H2O","PbCu_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)_3_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_3_·2H_2_O","Pb Cu As O H","IMA2022-019"," ",7247,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Him","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Heinrichite","Heinrichite","Ba(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·10H2O","Ba(UO2)2(AsO4)2·10H2O","Ba(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Ba(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Ba U O As H"," "," ",2231," ","monoclinic","P2/c","Ba U^6+ O As^5+ H","Hrc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Heisenbergite","Heisenbergite","U6+O2(OH)2·H2O","(UO2)(OH)2·H2O","(UO_2_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","U^6+^O_2_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","U O H","IMA2010-076"," ",5924,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic",,"U^6+ O H","Hsb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hejtmanite","Hejtmanite","Ba2Mn2+4Ti4+2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2","Ba2Mn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2","Ba_2_Mn^2+^_4_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_F_2_","Ba_2_Mn^2+^_4_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_F_2_","Ba Mn Ti Si O H F","IMA1989-038"," ",2232,"Seidozerite-Bafertisite","monoclinic","P21/m, Cm","Ba Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Hej","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Heklaite","Heklaite","KNaSiF6","KNaSiF6","KNaSiF_6_","KNaSiF_6_","K Na Si F","IMA2008-052"," ",5712," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","K Na Si F","Hek","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Hellandite-(Ce)","Hellandite-(Ce)","(Ca,REE)4Ce3+2Al☐2(B4Si4O22)(OH)2","(Ca,REE)4Ce2Al☐2(B4Si4O22)(OH)2","(Ca,REE)_4_Ce_2_Al[box]_2_(B_4_Si_4_O_22_)(OH)_2_","(Ca,REE)_4_Ce^3+^_2_Al[box]_2_(B_4_Si_4_O_22_)(OH)_2_","Ca REE Ce Al B Si O H","IMA2001-019"," ",2234,"Hellandite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca REE Ce^3+ Al B Si O H","Hld-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hellandite-(Y)","Hellandite-(Y)","(Ca,REE)4Y2Al☐2(B4Si4O22)(OH)2","(Ca,REE)4Y2Al☐2(B4Si4O22)(OH)2","(Ca,REE)_4_Y_2_Al[box]_2_(B_4_Si_4_O_22_)(OH)_2_","(Ca,REE)_4_Y_2_Al[box]_2_(B_4_Si_4_O_22_)(OH)_2_","Ca REE Y Al B Si O H","IMA2002 s.p."," ",2235,"Hellandite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca REE Y Al B Si O H","Hld-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hellyerite","Hellyerite","Ni2+CO3·6H2O","Ni(CO3)·6H2O","Ni(CO_3_)·6H_2_O","Ni^2+^CO_3_·6H_2_O","Ni C O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2236," ",,,"Ni^2+ C O H","Hy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Helmutwinklerite","Helmutwinklerite","Pb2+Zn2+2(As5+O4)2·2H2O","PbZn2(AsO4)2·2H2O","PbZn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb Zn As O H","IMA1979-010"," ",2237,"Natrochalcite-Helmutwinklerite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Hwk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Helvine","Helvine","Mn2+4(BeSiO4)3S2-","Be3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S","Be_3_Mn^2+^_4_(SiO_4_)_3_S","Mn^2+^_4_(BeSiO_4_)_3_S^2-^","Be Mn Si O S"," "," ",2238,"Sodalite, Cancrinite-sodalite","cubic","P43n","Mn^2+ Be Si O S^2-","Hlv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Hematite","Hematite","Fe3+2O3","Fe2O3","Fe_2_O_3_","Fe^3+^_2_O_3_","Fe O","IMA1971 s.p."," ",2239,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3c","Fe^3+ O","Hem","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM15 - Black smokers, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere, PM44 - Anoxic microbially-mediated minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Hematolite","Hematolite","(Mn2+,Mg,Al)15(As3+O3)(As5+O4)2(OH)23","(Mn,Mg,Al)15(AsO4)2(AsO3)(OH)23","(Mn,Mg,Al)_15_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_)(OH)_23_","(Mn^2+^,Mg,Al)_15_(As^3+^O_3_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_23_","Mn Mg Al As O H"," "," ",2240,"Hematolite","hexagonal","R3","Mn^2+ Mg Al As^3+ O As^5+ H","Hmt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hematophanite","Hematophanite","Pb2+4Fe3+3O8(Cl,OH)","Pb4Fe3+3O8(Cl,OH)","Pb_4_Fe^3+^_3_O_8_(Cl,OH)","Pb^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_3_O_8_(Cl,OH)","Pb Fe O Cl H"," "," ",2241,"Perovskite","tetragonal","P4mm","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ O Cl H","Hph","Abiotic, Biotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Hemihedrite","Hemihedrite","Pb2+10Zn2+(Cr6+O4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2","ZnPb10(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2","ZnPb_10_(CrO_4_)_6_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_10_Zn^2+^(Cr^6+^O_4_)_6_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Zn Pb Cr O Si H","IMA1967-011"," ",2242,"Iranite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Cr^6+ O Si H","Hhe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hemimorphite","Hemimorphite","Zn2+4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O","Zn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O","Zn_4_(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Zn^2+^_4_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Zn Si O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2243,"Hemimorphite","orthorhombic","Imm2","Zn^2+ Si O H","Hmp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Hemleyite","Hemleyite","Fe2+SiO3","FeSiO3","FeSiO_3_","Fe^2+^SiO_3_","Fe Si O","IMA2016-085"," ",6611,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3","Fe^2+ Si O","Hle","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Hemloite","Hemloite","(Ti4+,V3+,Fe3+,Al)12As3+2O23(OH)","(Ti,V3+,Fe3+,Al)12As3+2O23(OH)","(Ti,V^3+^,Fe^3+^,Al)_12_As^3+^_2_O_23_(OH)","(Ti^4+^,V^3+^,Fe^3+^,Al)_12_As^3+^_2_O_23_(OH)","Ti V Fe Al As O H","IMA1987-015"," ",2244," ","triclinic","P1","Ti^4+ V^3+ Fe^3+ Al As^3+ O H","Hlo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hemusite","Hemusite","Cu1+4Cu2+2Sn4+Mo4+S2-8","Cu1+4Cu2+2SnMoS8","Cu^1+^_4_Cu^2+^_2_SnMoS_8_","Cu^1+^_4_Cu^2+^_2_Sn^4+^Mo^4+^S^2-^_8_","Cu Sn Mo S","IMA1968-038"," ",2245,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic",,"Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Sn^4+ Mo^4+ S^2-","Hm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Hendekasartorite","Hendekasartorite","Tl1+2Pb2+48As3+82S2-172","Tl2Pb48As82S172","Tl_2_Pb_48_As_82_S_172_","Tl^1+^_2_Pb^2+^_48_As^3+^_82_S^2-^_172_","Tl Pb As S","IMA2015-075"," ",6473,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/c","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Hksat","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hendersonite","Hendersonite","Ca1.3(V5+,V4+)6O16·6H2O","Ca1.3(V5+,V4+)6O16·6H2O","Ca_1.3_(V^5+^,V^4+^)_6_O_16_·6H_2_O","Ca_1.3_(V^5+^,V^4+^)_6_O_16_·6H_2_O","Ca V O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2246,"Hewettite",,,"Ca V^5+ V^4+ O H","Hdr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hendricksite","Hendricksite","KZn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","KZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","KZn_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","KZn^2+^_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","K Zn Si Al O H","IMA1965-027"," ",5025,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","K Zn^2+ Si Al O H","Hds","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Heneuite","Heneuite","CaMg5(PO4)3(CO3)(OH)","CaMg5(PO4)3(CO3)(OH)","CaMg_5_(PO_4_)_3_(CO_3_)(OH)","CaMg_5_(PO_4_)_3_(CO_3_)(OH)","Ca Mg P O C H","IMA1983-057"," ",2247," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg P O C H","Hn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Henmilite","Henmilite","Ca2Cu2+[B(OH)4]2(OH)4","Ca2Cu[B(OH)4]2(OH)4","Ca_2_Cu[B(OH)_4_]_2_(OH)_4_","Ca_2_Cu^2+^[B(OH)_4_]_2_(OH)_4_","Ca Cu B O H","IMA1981-050"," ",2248,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca Cu^2+ B O H","Hen","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Hennomartinite","Hennomartinite","SrMn3+2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O","SrMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O","SrMn^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","SrMn^3+^_2_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Sr Mn Si O H","IMA1992-033"," ",2249,"Lawsonite","orthorhombic","P21cn","Sr Mn^3+ Si O H","Hma","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Henritermierite","Henritermierite","Ca3Mn3+2(SiO4)2(OH)4","Ca3Mn3+2(SiO4)2(OH)4","Ca_3_Mn^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Ca_3_Mn^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Ca Mn Si O H","IMA1968-029"," ",2250,"Garnet","tetragonal, cubic","I41/acd, Ia3d","Ca Mn^3+ Si O H","Hri","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Henryite","Henryite","(Cu,Ag)3+xTe2 (x~0.4)","(Cu,Ag)3+xTe2 (x~0.4)","(Cu,Ag)_3+x_Te_2_ (x~0.4)","(Cu,Ag)_3+x_Te_2_ (x~0.4)","Cu Ag Te","IMA1982-094"," ",2251," ","cubic","Fd3c","Cu Ag Te","Hry","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Henrymeyerite","Henrymeyerite","Ba(Ti4+7Fe2+)O16","Ba(Ti7Fe2+)O16","Ba(Ti_7_Fe^2+^)O_16_","Ba(Ti^4+^_7_Fe^2+^)O_16_","Ba Ti Fe O","IMA1999-016"," ",2252,"Coronadite","tetragonal","I4/m","Ba Ti^4+ Fe^2+ O","Hmy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Henrysunite","Henrysunite","Na2(C2H3O3)2(H2O)","Na2(C2H3O3)2(H2O)","Na_2_(C_2_H_3_O_3_)_2_(H_2_O)","Na_2_(C_2_H_3_O_3_)_2_(H_2_O)","Na C H O","IMA2025-065"," ",7603,"Glycolate","orthorhombic","Ama2","Na C H O"," ",,"No" +"Hentschelite","Hentschelite","Cu2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2","CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2","CuFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu Fe P O H","IMA1985-057"," ",2253,"Lazulite","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Hsl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hephaistosite","Hephaistosite","Tl1+Pb2+2Cl5","TlPb2Cl5","TlPb_2_Cl_5_","Tl^1+^Pb^2+^_2_Cl_5_","Tl Pb Cl","IMA2006-043"," ",5578," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ Cl","Hep","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Heptasartorite","Heptasartorite","Tl1+7Pb2+22As3+55S2-108","Tl7Pb22As55S108","Tl_7_Pb_22_As_55_S_108_","Tl^1+^_7_Pb^2+^_22_As^3+^_55_S^2-^_108_","Tl Pb As S","IMA2015-073"," ",6471,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/c","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Hsat","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Herbertsmithite","Herbertsmithite","Cu2+3Zn2+(OH)6Cl2","Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2","Cu_3_Zn(OH)_6_Cl_2_","Cu^2+^_3_Zn^2+^(OH)_6_Cl_2_","Cu Zn O H Cl","IMA2003-041"," ",5246,"Atacamite","hexagonal","R3, R3m","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ O H Cl","Her","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Hercynite","Hercynite","Fe2+Al2O4","Fe2+Al2O4","Fe^2+^Al_2_O_4_","Fe^2+^Al_2_O_4_","Fe Al O"," "," ",2254,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Fe^2+ Al O","Hc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Herderite","Herderite","CaBePO4F","CaBe(PO4)F","CaBe(PO_4_)F","CaBePO_4_F","Ca Be P O F"," "," ",2255,"Gadolinite","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Be P O F","Hrd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hereroite","Hereroite","[Pb2+32(O,☐)21](As5+O4)2[(Si,As5+,V5+,Mo6+)O4]2Cl10","[Pb32(O,☐)21](AsO4)2[(Si,As,V,Mo)O4]2Cl10","[Pb_32_(O,[box])_21_](AsO_4_)_2_[(Si,As,V,Mo)O_4_]_2_Cl_10_","[Pb^2+^_32_(O,[box])_21_](As^5+^O_4_)_2_[(Si,As^5+^,V^5+^,Mo^6+^)O_4_]_2_Cl_10_","Pb O As Si V Mo Cl","IMA2011-027"," ",5955,"Hereroite","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ O As^5+ Si V^5+ Mo^6+ Cl","Hre","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hermannjahnite","Hermannjahnite","Cu2+Zn2+(S6+O4)2","CuZn(SO4)2","CuZn(SO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^Zn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Cu Zn S O","IMA2015-050"," ",6450,"Zinkosite","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ S^6+ O","Hjh","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Hermannroseite","Hermannroseite","CaCu2+(PO4)(OH)","CaCu(PO4)(OH)","CaCu(PO_4_)(OH)","CaCu^2+^(PO_4_)(OH)","Ca Cu P O H","IMA2010-006"," ",5833,"Adelite","orthorhombic","P212121","Ca Cu^2+ P O H","Hro","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Herzenbergite","Herzenbergite","SnS","SnS","SnS","SnS","Sn S"," "," ",5100,"Arsenolamprite","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pmcn","Sn S","Hzb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hessite","Hessite","Ag2Te","Ag2Te","Ag_2_Te","Ag_2_Te","Ag Te"," "," ",2256," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag Te","Hes","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hetaerolite","Hetaerolite","Zn2+Mn3+2O4","ZnMn3+2O4","ZnMn^3+^_2_O_4_","Zn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_O_4_","Zn Mn O"," "," ",2257,"Spinel","tetragonal","I41/amd","Zn^2+ Mn^3+ O","Hta","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Heterogenite","Heterogenite","Co3+O(OH)","Co3+O(OH)","Co^3+^O(OH)","Co^3+^O(OH)","Co O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2258," ","hexagonal","R3m, P63/mmc","Co^3+ O H","Htg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Heteromorphite","Heteromorphite","Pb2+7Sb3+8S2-19","Pb7Sb8S19","Pb_7_Sb_8_S_19_","Pb^2+^_7_Sb^3+^_8_S^2-^_19_","Pb Sb S"," "," ",2260," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Htm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Heterosite","Heterosite","Fe3+☐PO4","Fe3+(PO4)","Fe^3+^(PO_4_)","Fe^3+^[box]PO_4_","Fe P O"," "," ",2261,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pmnb, Pbnm","Fe^3+ P O","Het","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Heulandite-Ba","Heulandite-Ba","(Ba,Ca,K)5(Si27Al9)O72·22H2O","(Ba,Ca,K)5(Si27Al9)O72·22H2O","(Ba,Ca,K)_5_(Si_27_Al_9_)O_72_·22H_2_O","(Ba,Ca,K)_5_(Si_27_Al_9_)O_72_·22H_2_O","Ba Ca K Si Al O H","IMA2003-001"," ",5218,"Heulandite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba Ca K Si Al O H","Hul-Ba","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Heulandite-Ca","Heulandite-Ca","(Ca,Na,K)5(Si27Al9)O72·26H2O","(Ca,Na,K)5(Si27Al9)O72·26H2O","(Ca,Na,K)_5_(Si_27_Al_9_)O_72_·26H_2_O","(Ca,Na,K)_5_(Si_27_Al_9_)O_72_·26H_2_O","Ca Na K Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2262,"Heulandite","monoclinic","C2/m, Cm","Ca Na K Si Al O H","Hul-Ca","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Heulandite-K","Heulandite-K","(K,Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72·26H2O","(K,Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72·26H2O","(K,Ca,Na)_5_(Si_27_Al_9_)O_72_·26H_2_O","(K,Ca,Na)_5_(Si_27_Al_9_)O_72_·26H_2_O","K Ca Na Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2263,"Heulandite",,,"K Ca Na Si Al O H","Hul-K","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Heulandite-Na","Heulandite-Na","(Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72·22H2O","(Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72·22H2O","(Na,Ca,K)_6_(Si,Al)_36_O_72_·22H_2_O","(Na,Ca,K)_6_(Si,Al)_36_O_72_·22H_2_O","Na Ca K Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2264,"Heulandite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca K Si Al O H","Hul-Na","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Heulandite-Sr","Heulandite-Sr","(Sr,Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72·24H2O","(Sr,Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72·24H2O","(Sr,Ca,Na)_5_(Si_27_Al_9_)O_72_·24H_2_O","(Sr,Ca,Na)_5_(Si_27_Al_9_)O_72_·24H_2_O","Sr Ca Na Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2265,"Heulandite","monoclinic","Cm","Sr Ca Na Si Al O H","Hul-Sr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Hewettite","Hewettite","CaV5+6O16·9H2O","CaV5+6O16·9H2O","CaV^5+^_6_O_16_·9H_2_O","CaV^5+^_6_O_16_·9H_2_O","Ca V O H"," "," ",2266,"Hewettite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca V^5+ O H","Hew","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hexacelsian","Hexacelsian","BaAl2Si2O8","Ba(Al2Si2O8)","Ba(Al_2_Si_2_O_8_)","BaAl_2_Si_2_O_8_","Ba Al Si O","IMA2015-045"," ",6446,"Cymrite","hexagonal","P63/mcm","Ba Al Si O","Hcls","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Hexaferrum","Hexaferrum","(Fe,Os,Ru,Ir)","(Fe,Os,Ru,Ir)","(Fe,Os,Ru,Ir)","(Fe,Os,Ru,Ir)","Fe Os Ru Ir","IMA1995-032"," ",2267," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Fe Os Ru Ir","Hfe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Hexahydrite","Hexahydrite","MgS6+O4·6H2O","Mg(SO4)·6H2O","Mg(SO_4_)·6H_2_O","MgS^6+^O_4_·6H_2_O","Mg S O H"," "," ",2268,"Hexahydrite","monoclinic","C2/c","Mg S^6+ O H","Hhy","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Hexahydroborite","Hexahydroborite","Ca[B(OH)4]2·2H2O","Ca[B(OH)4]2·2H2O","Ca[B(OH)_4_]_2_·2H_2_O","Ca[B(OH)_4_]_2_·2H_2_O","Ca B O H","IMA1977-015"," ",2269," ","monoclinic","C2/c, P2/c, P2/a","Ca B O H","Hhb","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Hexamolybdenum","Hexamolybdenum","(Mo,Ru,Fe,Ir,Os)","(Mo,Ru,Fe,Ir,Os)","(Mo,Ru,Fe,Ir,Os)","(Mo,Ru,Fe,Ir,Os)","Mo Ru Fe Ir Os","IMA2007-029"," ",5630," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Mo Ru Fe Ir Os","Hmo","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Hexathioplumbite","Hexathioplumbite","[Pb2+4(OH)4]Pb2+(S6+O3S2-)3","[Pb4(OH)4]Pb(S2O3)3","[Pb_4_(OH)_4_]Pb(S_2_O_3_)_3_","[Pb^2+^_4_(OH)_4_]Pb^2+^(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_3_","Pb O H S","IMA2021-092"," ",7198,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63","Pb^2+ O H S^6+ S^2-","Htpb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Heyerdahlite","Heyerdahlite","Na3Mn2+7Ti4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F(H2O)2","Na3Mn7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F(H2O)2","Na_3_Mn_7_Ti_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F(H_2_O)_2_","Na_3_Mn^2+^_7_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F(H_2_O)_2_","Na Mn Ti Si O H F","IMA2016-108"," ",6635,"Astrophyllite","triclinic","P1","Na Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Hdh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Heyite","Heyite","Pb2+5Fe2+2O4(V5+O4)2","Pb5Fe2+2O4(VO4)2","Pb_5_Fe^2+^_2_O_4_(VO_4_)_2_","Pb^2+^_5_Fe^2+^_2_O_4_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_","Pb Fe O V","IMA1971-042"," ",2271,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Fe^2+ O V^5+","Hyt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Heyrovskýite","Heyrovskyite","Pb2+6Bi3+2S2-9","Pb6Bi2S9","Pb_6_Bi_2_S_9_","Pb^2+^_6_Bi^3+^_2_S^2-^_9_","Pb Bi S","IMA1970-022"," ",2272,"Lillianite","orthorhombic","Bbmm, Cmcm","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Hyv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hezuolinite","Hezuolinite","(Sr,REE)4Zr4+(Ti4+,Fe3+,Fe2+)2Ti4+2O8(Si2O7)2","(Sr,REE)4Zr(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)2Ti2O8(Si2O7)2","(Sr,REE)_4_Zr(Ti,Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_2_Ti_2_O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_","(Sr,REE)_4_Zr^4+^(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_2_Ti^4+^_2_O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_","Sr REE Zr Ti Fe O Si","IMA2010-045"," ",5901,"Chevkinite","monoclinic","C2/m","Sr REE Zr^4+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ O Si","Hez","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hiärneite","Hiarneite","Ca2Zr4+4Mn3+Sb5+Ti4+O16","Ca2Zr4Mn3+SbTiO16","Ca_2_Zr_4_Mn^3+^SbTiO_16_","Ca_2_Zr^4+^_4_Mn^3+^Sb^5+^Ti^4+^O_16_","Ca Zr Mn Sb Ti O","IMA1996-040"," ",2273,"Calzirtite","tetragonal","I41/acd","Ca Zr^4+ Mn^3+ Sb^5+ Ti^4+ O","Hiä","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hibbingite","Hibbingite","Fe2+2(OH)3Cl","Fe2+2(OH)3Cl","Fe^2+^_2_(OH)_3_Cl","Fe^2+^_2_(OH)_3_Cl","Fe O H Cl","IMA1991-036"," ",2274,"Atacamite","orthorhombic","Pnam","Fe^2+ O H Cl","Hib","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hibonite","Hibonite","CaAl12O19","CaAl12O19","CaAl_12_O_19_","CaAl_12_O_19_","Ca Al O","IMA2020 s.p."," ",2275,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ca Al O","Hbn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Hidalgoite","Hidalgoite","Pb2+Al3(S6+O4)(As5+O4)(OH)6","PbAl3(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6","PbAl_3_(SO_4_)(AsO_4_)(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^Al_3_(S^6+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_6_","Pb Al S O As H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2277,"Alunite-beudantite","hexagonal",,"Pb^2+ Al S^6+ O As^5+ H","Hid","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hielscherite","Hielscherite","Ca3Si(S6+O4)(S4+O3)(OH)6·11H2O","Ca6Si2[(SO4)2(SO3)2(OH)12]·22H2O","Ca_6_Si_2_[(SO_4_)_2_(SO_3_)_2_(OH)_12_]·22H_2_O","Ca_3_Si(S^6+^O_4_)(S^4+^O_3_)(OH)_6_·11H_2_O","Ca Si S O H","IMA2011-037"," ",5964,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P63","Ca Si S^6+ O S^4+ H","Hsc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hieratite","Hieratite","K2SiF6","K2SiF6","K_2_SiF_6_","K_2_SiF_6_","K Si F"," "," ",2278," ","cubic","Fm3m","K Si F","Hie","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Hilairite","Hilairite","Na2Zr4+Si3O9·3H2O","Na2ZrSi3O9·3H2O","Na_2_ZrSi_3_O_9_·3H_2_O","Na_2_Zr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·3H_2_O","Na Zr Si O H","IMA1972-019"," ",2279," ","hexagonal","R32","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Hlr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hilarionite","Hilarionite","Fe3+2(S6+O4)(As5+O4)(OH)·6H2O","Fe3+2(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)·6H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(SO_4_)(AsO_4_)(OH)·6H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)·6H_2_O","Fe S O As H","IMA2011-089"," ",6032,"Kaňkite","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^3+ S^6+ O As^5+ H","Hrn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hilgardite","Hilgardite","Ca2B5O9Cl·H2O","Ca2B5O9Cl·H2O","Ca_2_B_5_O_9_Cl·H_2_O","Ca_2_B_5_O_9_Cl·H_2_O","Ca B O Cl H"," "," ",5026,"Hilgardite","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, Aa","Ca B O Cl H","Hgr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Hillebrandite","Hillebrandite","Ca2SiO3(OH)2","Ca2SiO3(OH)2","Ca_2_SiO_3_(OH)_2_","Ca_2_SiO_3_(OH)_2_","Ca Si O H"," "," ",2281," ","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Ca Si O H","Hil","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Hillesheimite","Hillesheimite","(K,Ca,Ba,☐)2(Mg,Fe2+,Ca,☐)2[(Si,Al)13O23(OH)6](OH)·8H2O","(K,Ca,Ba,☐)2(Mg,Fe,Ca,☐)2[(Si,Al)13O23(OH)6](OH)·8H2O","(K,Ca,Ba,[box])_2_(Mg,Fe,Ca,[box])_2_[(Si,Al)_13_O_23_(OH)_6_](OH)·8H_2_O","(K,Ca,Ba,[box])_2_(Mg,Fe^2+^,Ca,[box])_2_[(Si,Al)_13_O_23_(OH)_6_](OH)·8H_2_O","K Ca Ba Mg Fe Si Al O H","IMA2011-080"," ",6023,"Günterblassite","orthorhombic","Pmmn","K Ca Ba Mg Fe^2+ Si Al O H","Hlh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hillite","Hillite","Ca2Zn2+(PO4)2·2H2O","Ca2Zn(PO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Zn(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Zn^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Zn P O H","IMA2003-005"," ",5030,"Fairfieldite","triclinic","P1","Ca Zn^2+ P O H","Hi","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Hingganite-(Ce)","Hingganite-(Ce)","BeCe3+(SiO4)(OH)","BeCe(SiO4)(OH)","BeCe(SiO_4_)(OH)","BeCe^3+^(SiO_4_)(OH)","Be Ce Si O H","IMA2004-004"," ",5267,"Gadolinite","monoclinic","P21/c","Be Ce^3+ Si O H","Hin-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hingganite-(Nd)","Hingganite-(Nd)","Nd2☐Be2Si2O8(OH)2","Nd2☐Be2Si2O8(OH)2","Nd_2_[box]Be_2_Si_2_O_8_(OH)_2_","Nd_2_[box]Be_2_Si_2_O_8_(OH)_2_","Nd Be Si O H","IMA2019-028"," ",6915,"Gadolinite","monoclinic","P21/c","Nd Be Si O H","Hin-Nd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hingganite-(Y)","Hingganite-(Y)","BeY(SiO4)(OH)","BeY(SiO4)(OH)","BeY(SiO_4_)(OH)","BeY(SiO_4_)(OH)","Be Y Si O H","IMA1981-052, IMA1987 s.p."," ",2283,"Gadolinite","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Be Y Si O H","Hin-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hingganite-(Yb)","Hingganite-(Yb)","BeYb3+(SiO4)(OH)","BeYb(SiO4)(OH)","BeYb(SiO_4_)(OH)","BeYb^3+^(SiO_4_)(OH)","Be Yb Si O H","IMA1982-041"," ",2284,"Gadolinite","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/a","Be Yb^3+ Si O H","Hin-Yb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hinokageite","Hinokageite","Mn2+Mg(SiO4)","MnMg(SiO4)","MnMg(SiO_4_)","Mn^2+^Mg(SiO_4_)","Mn Mg Si O","IMA2024-093a"," ",7600,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Mn^2+ Mg Si O","Hkg",,"No" +"Hinsdalite","Hinsdalite","Pb2+Al3(S6+O4)(PO4)(OH)6","PbAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6","PbAl_3_(SO_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^Al_3_(S^6+^O_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)_6_","Pb Al S O P H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2285,"Alunite-beudantite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Al S^6+ O P H","Hda","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hiortdahlite","Hiortdahlite","Na2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr4+0.5)Zr4+(Si2O7)2OF3","Na2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3","Na_2_Ca_4_(Ca_0.5_Zr_0.5_)Zr(Si_2_O_7_)_2_OF_3_","Na_2_Ca_4_(Ca_0.5_Zr^4+^_0.5_)Zr^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_OF_3_","Na Ca Zr Si O F","IMA1987 s.p."," ",5111,"Wöhlerite","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Zr^4+ Si O F","Hio","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hiroseite","Hiroseite","Fe2+SiO3","FeSiO3","FeSiO_3_","Fe^2+^SiO_3_","Fe Si O","IMA2019-019"," ",6907,"Perovskite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Fe^2+ Si O","Hir","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Hisingerite","Hisingerite","Fe3+2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O","Fe2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O","Fe_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Fe Si O H"," "," ",2287,"Kaolinite, Clay",,,"Fe^3+ Si O H","Hsg","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hitachiite","Hitachiite","Pb2+5Bi3+2Te2-2S2-6","Pb5Bi2Te2S6","Pb_5_Bi_2_Te_2_S_6_","Pb^2+^_5_Bi^3+^_2_Te^2-^_2_S^2-^_6_","Pb Bi Te S","IMA2018-027"," ",6771,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","P3m1","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Te^2- S^2-","Hit","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hizenite-(Y)","Hizenite-(Y)","Ca2Y6(CO3)11·14H2O","Ca2Y6(CO3)11·14H2O","Ca_2_Y_6_(CO_3_)_11_·14H_2_O","Ca_2_Y_6_(CO_3_)_11_·14H_2_O","Ca Y C O H","IMA2011-030"," ",5958,"Tengerite","orthorhombic",,"Ca Y C O H","Hiz-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hjalmarite","Hjalmarite","Na(NaMn2+)Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","Na(NaMn)Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","Na(NaMn)Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na(NaMn^2+^)Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Mn Mg Si O H","IMA2017-070"," ",6702,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mn^2+ Mg Si O H","Hja","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Hloušekite","Hlousekite","(Ni2+,Co2+)Cu2+4(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·9H2O","(Ni,Co)Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·9H2O","(Ni,Co)Cu_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·9H_2_O","(Ni^2+^,Co^2+^)Cu^2+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·9H_2_O","Ni Co Cu As O H","IMA2013-048"," ",6212,"Lindackerite","triclinic","P1","Ni^2+ Co^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Hšk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Hocartite","Hocartite","Ag1+2Fe2+Sn4+S2-4","Ag2FeSnS4","Ag_2_FeSnS_4_","Ag^1+^_2_Fe^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_4_","Ag Fe Sn S","IMA1967-046"," ",2288,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal",,"Ag^1+ Fe^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Hoc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Hochelagaite","Hochelagaite","CaNb5+4O11·8H2O","CaNb4O11·8H2O","CaNb_4_O_11_·8H_2_O","CaNb^5+^_4_O_11_·8H_2_O","Ca Nb O H","IMA1983-088"," ",2289," ","monoclinic",,"Ca Nb^5+ O H","Haga","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hochleitnerite","Hochleitnerite","[(H2O)K]Mn2+2(Ti4+2Fe3+)(PO4)4O2(H2O)10·4H2O","[(H2O)K]Mn2(Ti2Fe3+)(PO4)4O2(H2O)10·4H2O","[(H_2_O)K]Mn_2_(Ti_2_Fe^3+^)(PO_4_)_4_O_2_(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","[(H_2_O)K]Mn^2+^_2_(Ti^4+^_2_Fe^3+^)(PO_4_)_4_O_2_(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","H O K Mn Ti Fe P","IMA2022-141"," ",7352,"Paulkerrite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pbca, P21/c","H O K Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ P","Hln",,"No" +"Hodgesmithite","Hodgesmithite","(Cu2+,Zn2+)6Zn2+(S6+O4)2(OH)10·3H2O","(Cu,Zn)6Zn(SO4)2(OH)10·3H2O","(Cu,Zn)_6_Zn(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_10_·3H_2_O","(Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^)_6_Zn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_10_·3H_2_O","Cu Zn S O H","IMA2015-112"," ",6510,"Ktenasite","hexagonal","P3","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Hdg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hodgkinsonite","Hodgkinsonite","Zn2+2Mn2+SiO4(OH)2","Zn2Mn2+(SiO4)(OH)2","Zn_2_Mn^2+^(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_","Zn^2+^_2_Mn^2+^SiO_4_(OH)_2_","Zn Mn Si O H"," "," ",2290," ","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Zn^2+ Mn^2+ Si O H","Hgk","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Hodrušite","Hodrusite","Cu1+4Bi3+6S2-11","Cu8Bi12S22","Cu_8_Bi_12_S_22_","Cu^1+^_4_Bi^3+^_6_S^2-^_11_","Cu Bi S","IMA1969-025"," ",2291," ","monoclinic","A2/m, C2/m","Cu^1+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Hod","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hoelite","Hoelite","C14H8O2","C14H8O2","C_14_H_8_O_2_","C_14_H_8_O_2_","C H O"," "," ",5113," ","monoclinic","P21/a","C H O","Hoe","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Hoganite","Hoganite","Cu2+(CH3COO)1-2·H2O","Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O","Cu(CH_3_COO)_2_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^(CH_3_COO)^1-^_2_·H_2_O","Cu C H O","IMA2001-029"," ",2292,"Acetate","monoclinic","C2/c","Cu^2+ C H O","Hgn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Hogarthite","Hogarthite","(Na,K)2CaTi4+2Si10O26·8H2O","(Na,K)2CaTi2Si10O26·8H2O","(Na,K)_2_CaTi_2_Si_10_O_26_·8H_2_O","(Na,K)_2_CaTi^4+^_2_Si_10_O_26_·8H_2_O","Na K Ca Ti Si O H","IMA2009-043"," ",5772,"Lemoynite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na K Ca Ti^4+ Si O H","Hog","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Høgtuvaite","Hogtuvaite","Ca4(Fe2+6Fe3+6)O4[Si8Be2Al2O36]","Ca4[Fe2+6Fe3+6]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36]","Ca_4_[Fe^2+^_6_Fe^3+^_6_]O_4_[Si_8_Be_2_Al_2_O_36_]","Ca_4_(Fe^2+^_6_Fe^3+^_6_)O_4_[Si_8_Be_2_Al_2_O_36_]","Ca Fe O Si Be Al","IMA1990-051"," ",2293,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O Si Be Al","Htu","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Hohmannite","Hohmannite","Fe3+2O(S6+O4)2·8H2O","Fe3+2O(SO4)2·8H2O","Fe^3+^_2_O(SO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_O(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe O S H"," "," ",2294,"Amarantite","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ O S^6+ H","Hoh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hokkaidoite","Hokkaidoite","C22H12","C22H12","C_22_H_12_","C_22_H_12_","C H","IMA2022-104"," ",7325," ","monoclinic","P21/c","C H","Hkd",,"No" +"Holdawayite","Holdawayite","Mn2+6(CO3)2(OH)7(Cl,OH)","Mn2+6(CO3)2(OH)7(Cl,OH)","Mn^2+^_6_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_7_(Cl,OH)","Mn^2+^_6_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_7_(Cl,OH)","Mn C O H Cl","IMA1986-001"," ",2295," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Mn^2+ C O H Cl","Hdw","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Holdenite","Holdenite","Mn2+6Zn2+3(As5+O4)2(SiO4)(OH)8","Mn2+6Zn3(AsO4)2(SiO4)(OH)8","Mn^2+^_6_Zn_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(SiO_4_)(OH)_8_","Mn^2+^_6_Zn^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(SiO_4_)(OH)_8_","Mn Zn As O Si H"," "," ",2296," ","orthorhombic","Abma","Mn^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O Si H","Hde","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Holfertite","Holfertite","(U6+O2)1.75Ca0.25Ti4+O4·3H2O","(UO2)1.75Ca0.25TiO4·3H2O","(UO_2_)_1.75_Ca_0.25_TiO_4_·3H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)_1.75_Ca_0.25_Ti^4+^O_4_·3H_2_O","U O Ca Ti H","IMA2003-009"," ",5189," ","hexagonal","P3","U^6+ O Ca Ti^4+ H","Hlf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hollandite","Hollandite","Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16","Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16","Ba(Mn^4+^_6_Mn^3+^_2_)O_16_","Ba(Mn^4+^_6_Mn^3+^_2_)O_16_","Ba Mn O","IMA2012 s.p."," ",2297,"Coronadite","tetragonal, monoclinic","I2/m","Ba Mn^4+ Mn^3+ O","Hol","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Hollingworthite","Hollingworthite","Rh3+(AsS)3-","RhAsS","RhAsS","Rh^3+^(AsS)^3-^","Rh As S","IMA1964-029"," ",2298,"Ullmannite","cubic","P213","Rh^3+ As S","Hlw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Hollisterite","Hollisterite","Al3Fe","Al3Fe","Al_3_Fe","Al_3_Fe","Al Fe","IMA2016-034"," ",6560," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Al Fe","Hli","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Holmquistite","Holmquistite","☐Li2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2","☐Li2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Li_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Li_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Li Mg Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",2299,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnma","Li Mg Al Si O H","Hlm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Holtedahlite","Holtedahlite","Mg12(PO3OH,CO3)(PO4)5(OH,O)6","Mg12(PO3OH,CO3)(PO4)5(OH,O)6","Mg_12_(PO_3_OH,CO_3_)(PO_4_)_5_(OH,O)_6_","Mg_12_(PO_3_OH,CO_3_)(PO_4_)_5_(OH,O)_6_","Mg P O H C","IMA1976-054"," ",2300,"Holtedahlite","hexagonal","P31m","Mg P O H C","Htd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Holtite","Holtite","(Ta0.6☐0.4)Al6BSi3O18","(Ta0.6☐0.4)Al6BSi3O18","(Ta_0.6_[box]_0.4_)Al_6_BSi_3_O_18_","(Ta_0.6_[box]_0.4_)Al_6_BSi_3_O_18_","Ta Al B Si O","IMA1969-029"," ",2301,"Dumortierite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ta Al B Si O","Hlt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Holtstamite","Holtstamite","Ca3Al2(SiO4)2(OH)4","Ca3Al2(SiO4)2(OH)4","Ca_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Ca_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Ca Al Si O H","IMA2003-047"," ",4903,"Garnet","tetragonal","I41/acd","Ca Al Si O H","Hts","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Holubite","Holubite","Ag1+3Pb2+6(Sb3+8Bi3+3)S2-24","Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)S24","Ag_3_Pb_6_(Sb_8_Bi_3_)S_24_","Ag^1+^_3_Pb^2+^_6_(Sb^3+^_8_Bi^3+^_3_)S^2-^_24_","Ag Pb Sb Bi S","IMA2022-112"," ",7334,"Lillianite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Hlb",,"No" +"Homilite","Homilite","Ca2Fe2+B2(SiO4)2O2","Ca2Fe2+B2Si2O10","Ca_2_Fe^2+^B_2_Si_2_O_10_","Ca_2_Fe^2+^B_2_(SiO_4_)_2_O_2_","Ca Fe B Si O"," "," ",2302,"Gadolinite","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Fe^2+ B Si O","Hom","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Honeaite","Honeaite","Au3TlTe2","Au3TlTe2","Au_3_TlTe_2_","Au_3_TlTe_2_","Au Tl Te","IMA2015-060"," ",6462,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbcm","Au Tl Te","Hne","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Honessite","Honessite","(Ni2+1-xFe3+x)(S6+O4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)","(Ni1-xFe3+x)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)","(Ni_1-x_Fe^3+^_x_)(SO_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)","(Ni^2+^_1-x_Fe^3+^_x_)(S^6+^O_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)","Ni Fe S O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2303,"Woodwardite, Hydrotalcite","hexagonal",,"Ni^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Hon","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hongheite","Hongheite","Ca19Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg,Al)8(☐,B)4BSi18O69(O,OH)9","Ca19Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg,Al)8(☐,B)4BSi18O69(O,OH)9","Ca_19_Fe^2+^Al_4_(Fe^3+^,Mg,Al)_8_([box],B)_4_BSi_18_O_69_(O,OH)_9_","Ca_19_Fe^2+^Al_4_(Fe^3+^,Mg,Al)_8_([box],B)_4_BSi_18_O_69_(O,OH)_9_","Ca Fe Al Mg B Si O H","IMA2017-027"," ",6686,"Vesuvianite","tetragonal","P4/nnc","Ca Fe^2+ Al Fe^3+ Mg B Si O H","Hgh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Hongshiite","Hongshiite","PtCu","PtCu","PtCu","PtCu","Pt Cu","IMA1988-xxx"," ",5114," ","hexagonal","R3m","Pt Cu","Hng","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Honzaite","Honzaite","Ni2+2[As5+O3(OH)]2(H2O)5","Ni2[AsO3(OH)]2(H2O)5","Ni_2_[AsO_3_(OH)]_2_(H_2_O)_5_","Ni^2+^_2_[As^5+^O_3_(OH)]_2_(H_2_O)_5_","Ni As O H","IMA2014-105"," ",6404,"Burgessite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ni^2+ As^5+ O H","Hzt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hopeite","Hopeite","Zn2+3(PO4)2·4H2O","Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O","Zn_3_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn P O H"," "," ",2304,"Hopeite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pbnm","Zn^2+ P O H","Hop","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Hoperanchite","Hoperanchite","(N3-H4)2(S6+O3S2-)","(NH4)2(S2O3)","(NH_4_)_2_(S_2_O_3_)","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)","N H S O","IMA2024-017"," ",7494,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2","N^3- H S^6+ O S^2-","Hpr",,"No" +"Hopmannite","Hopmannite","Ba2(Ti4+5Fe2+)O13","Ba2(Ti5Fe)O13","Ba_2_(Ti_5_Fe)O_13_","Ba_2_(Ti^4+^_5_Fe^2+^)O_13_","Ba Ti Fe O","IMA2025-034"," ",7597,"Jeppeite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba Ti^4+ Fe^2+ O","Hpn",,"No" +"Horákite","Horakite","(Bi3+7O7OH)[(U6+O2)4(PO4)2(As5+O4)2(OH)2]·3.5H2O","(Bi7O7OH)[(UO2)4(PO4)2(AsO4)2(OH)2]·3.5H2O","(Bi_7_O_7_OH)[(UO_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_]·3.5H_2_O","(Bi^3+^_7_O_7_OH)[(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_]·3.5H_2_O","Bi O H U P As","IMA2017-033"," ",6670,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Bi^3+ O H U^6+ P As^5+","Hor","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Horiite","Horiite","Ba2Mn2+2Mn2+4Ti4+2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2(OH)2","Ba2Mn2Mn4Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2(OH)2","Ba_2_Mn_2_Mn_4_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_","Ba_2_Mn^2+^_2_Mn^2+^_4_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_","Ba Mn Ti Si O P H","IMA2025-029"," ",7589,"Seidozerite","triclinic","P1","Ba Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O P H","Hrt",,"No" +"Hörnesite","Hornesite","Mg3(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Mg3(AsO4)2·8H2O","Mg_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg As O H"," "," ",2305,"Vivianite","monoclinic","C2/m","Mg As^5+ O H","Hns","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Horomanite","Horomanite","Fe6Ni3S8","Fe6Ni3S8","Fe_6_Ni_3_S_8_","Fe_6_Ni_3_S_8_","Fe Ni S","IMA2007-037"," ",5637," ","tetragonal","P4/mmm","Fe Ni S","Hmn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Horváthite-(Y)","Horvathite-(Y)","NaY(CO3)F2","NaY(CO3)F2","NaY(CO_3_)F_2_","NaY(CO_3_)F_2_","Na Y C O F","IMA1996-032"," ",2307," ","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Na Y C O F","Hrv-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Höslite","Hoslite","Fe3+3(VO4)2(SO4)(OH)(H2O)4·3H2O","Fe3+3(VO4)2(SO4)(OH)(H2O)4·3H2O","Fe^3+^_3_(VO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)(OH)(H_2_O)_4_·3H_2_O","Fe^3+^_3_(VO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)(OH)(H_2_O)_4_·3H_2_O","Fe V O S H","IMA2021-084"," ",7192," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^3+ V O S H","Hös","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hotsonite","Hotsonite","Al5(S6+O4)(PO4)(OH)10·8H2O","Al5(SO4)(PO4)(OH)10·8H2O","Al_5_(SO_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)_10_·8H_2_O","Al_5_(S^6+^O_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)_10_·8H_2_O","Al S O P H","IMA1983-033"," ",2308," ","triclinic",,"Al S^6+ O P H","Hot","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Housleyite","Housleyite","Pb2+6Cu2+Te6+4O18(OH)2","Pb6CuTe4O18(OH)2","Pb_6_CuTe_4_O_18_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_6_Cu^2+^Te^6+^_4_O_18_(OH)_2_","Pb Cu Te O H","IMA2009-024"," ",5752,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H","Hou","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Howardevansite","Howardevansite","NaCu2+Fe3+2(V5+O4)3","NaCu2+Fe3+2(VO4)3","NaCu^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(VO_4_)_3_","NaCu^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Cu Fe V O","IMA1987-011"," ",2310,"Howardevansite","triclinic","P1","Na Cu^2+ Fe^3+ V^5+ O","Hdv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Howieite","Howieite","Na(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al,Mg)12(Si6O17)2(O,OH)10","Na(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al,Mg)12(Si6O17)2(O,OH)10","Na(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^,Al,Mg)_12_(Si_6_O_17_)_2_(O,OH)_10_","Na(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^,Al,Mg)_12_(Si_6_O_17_)_2_(O,OH)_10_","Na Fe Al Mg Si O H","IMA1964-017"," ",2311," ","triclinic","P1","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Al Mg Si O H","Hw","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Howlite","Howlite","Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5","Ca2SiB5O9(OH)5","Ca_2_SiB_5_O_9_(OH)_5_","Ca_2_B_5_SiO_9_(OH)_5_","Ca Si B O H"," "," ",2312," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca B Si O H","How","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Hrabákite","Hrabakite","Ni9PbSbS8","Ni9PbSbS8","Ni_9_PbSbS_8_","Ni_9_PbSbS_8_","Ni Pb Sb S","IMA2020-034"," ",7046,"Hauchecornite","tetragonal","P4/mmm","Ni Pb Sb S","Hbá","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hsianghualite","Hsianghualite","Li2Ca3(BeSiO4)3F2","Li2Ca3Be3(SiO4)3F2","Li_2_Ca_3_Be_3_(SiO_4_)_3_F_2_","Li_2_Ca_3_(BeSiO_4_)_3_F_2_","Li Ca Be Si O F","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2313,"Analcime","cubic","I213","Li Ca Be Si O F","Hsi","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Huanghoite-(Ce)","Huanghoite-(Ce)","BaCe3+(CO3)2F","BaCe(CO3)2F","BaCe(CO_3_)_2_F","BaCe^3+^(CO_3_)_2_F","Ba Ce C O F","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2314,"Huanghoite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Ce^3+ C O F","Hho-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Huanghoite-(Nd)","Huanghoite-(Nd)","BaNd(CO3)2F","BaNd(CO3)2F","BaNd(CO_3_)_2_F","BaNd(CO_3_)_2_F","Ba Nd C O F","IMA2025-014"," ",7577,"Huanghoite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Nd C O F","Hho-Nd",,"No" +"Huangite","Huangite","Ca0.5Al3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","Ca0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6","Ca_0.5_Al_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ca_0.5_Al_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ca Al S O H","IMA1991-009"," ",2315,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Al S^6+ O H","Hua","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Huanzalaite","Huanzalaite","MgW6+O4","Mg(WO4)","Mg(WO_4_)","MgW^6+^O_4_","Mg W O","IMA2009-018"," ",5747,"Columbite","monoclinic","P2/c","Mg W^6+ O","Hza","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Hubbardite","Hubbardite","Mg(H2O)6[(U6+O2)2O(OH)(S6+O4)]2·8H2O","Mg(H2O)6[(UO2)2O(OH)(SO4)]2·8H2O","Mg(H_2_O)_6_[(UO_2_)_2_O(OH)(SO_4_)]_2_·8H_2_O","Mg(H_2_O)_6_[(U^6+^O_2_)_2_O(OH)(S^6+^O_4_)]_2_·8H_2_O","Mg H O U S","IMA2025-041"," ",7601," ","orthorhombic","Fddd","Mg H O U^6+ S^6+","Hbb",,"No" +"Hubeite","Hubeite","Ca2Mn2+Fe3+Si4O12(OH)·2H2O","Ca2Mn2+Fe3+Si4O12(OH)·2H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^Si_4_O_12_(OH)·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^Si_4_O_12_(OH)·2H_2_O","Ca Mn Fe Si O H","IMA2000-022"," ",2316," ","triclinic","P1, P1","Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Hub","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hübnerite","Hubnerite","Mn2+W6+O4","Mn2+(WO4)","Mn^2+^(WO_4_)","Mn^2+^W^6+^O_4_","Mn W O"," "," ",2317,"Columbite","monoclinic","P2/c","Mn^2+ W^6+ O","Hbr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Huemulite","Huemulite","Na4Mg[V5+10O28]·24H2O","Na4MgV5+10O28·24H2O","Na_4_MgV^5+^_10_O_28_·24H_2_O","Na_4_Mg[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·24H_2_O","Na Mg V O H","IMA1965-012"," ",2318,"Pascoite","triclinic","P1","Na Mg V^5+ O H","Hml","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Huenite","Huenite","Cu2+4(Mo6+O4)3(OH)2","Cu4(MoO4)3(OH)2","Cu_4_(MoO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^_4_(Mo^6+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_2_","Cu Mo O H","IMA2015-122"," ",6523," ","hexagonal","P31c","Cu^2+ Mo^6+ O H","Hue","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hügelite","Hugelite","Pb2+2(U6+O2)3(As5+O4)2O2·5H2O","Pb2(UO2)3(AsO4)2O2·5H2O","Pb_2_(UO_2_)_3_(AsO_4_)_2_O_2_·5H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_O_2_·5H_2_O","Pb U O As H"," "," ",2319," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ U^6+ O As^5+ H","Hüg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hughesite","Hughesite","Na3Al[V5+10O28]·22H2O","Na3AlV10O28·22H2O","Na_3_AlV_10_O_28_·22H_2_O","Na_3_Al[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·22H_2_O","Na Al V O H","IMA2009-035a"," ",6035,"Pascoite","triclinic","P1","Na Al V^5+ O H","Hug","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Huizingite-(Al)","Huizingite-(Al)","(N3-H4)9Al3(S6+O4)8](OH)2·4H2O","(NH4)9Al3(SO4)8(OH)2·4H2O","(NH_4_)_9_Al_3_(SO_4_)_8_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_9_Al_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_8_](OH)_2_·4H_2_O","N H Al S O","IMA2015-014"," ",6419,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","N^3- H Al S^6+ O","Hui-Al","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Hulsite","Hulsite","Fe2+2Fe3+O2(BO3)","Fe2+2Fe3+O2(BO3)","Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Fe O B"," "," ",2320,"Hulsite","monoclinic","P2/m","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O B","Hls","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Humberstonite","Humberstonite","K3Na7Mg2(S6+O4)6(N5+O3)2·6H2O","K3Na7Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2·6H2O","K_3_Na_7_Mg_2_(SO_4_)_6_(NO_3_)_2_·6H_2_O","K_3_Na_7_Mg_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(N^5+^O_3_)_2_·6H_2_O","K Na Mg S O N H","IMA1967-015"," ",2321," ","hexagonal","R3","K Na Mg S^6+ O N^5+ H","Hbe","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Humboldtine","Humboldtine","Fe2+(C2)6+O4·2H2O","Fe2+(C2O4)·2H2O","Fe^2+^(C_2_O_4_)·2H_2_O","Fe^2+^(C_2_)^6+^O_4_·2H_2_O","Fe C O H"," "," ",2322,"Humboldtine, Oxalate","monoclinic","C2/c","Fe^2+ C O H","Hbd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Humite","Humite","Mg7(SiO4)3F2","Mg7(SiO4)3F2","Mg_7_(SiO_4_)_3_F_2_","Mg_7_(SiO_4_)_3_F_2_","Mg Si O F"," "," ",2323,"Humite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Mg Si O F","Hu","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Hummerite","Hummerite","K2Mg2[V5+10O28]·16H2O","KMgV5+5O14·8H2O","KMgV^5+^_5_O_14_·8H_2_O","K_2_Mg_2_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·16H_2_O","K Mg V O H"," "," ",2324,"Pascoite","triclinic","P1","K Mg V^5+ O H","Hum","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hunchunite","Hunchunite","Au2Pb","Au2Pb","Au_2_Pb","Au_2_Pb","Au Pb","IMA1991-033"," ",2325," ","cubic","Fd3m","Au Pb","Hcn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Hundholmenite-(Y)","Hundholmenite-(Y)","(Y,REE,Ca,Na)15(Al,Fe3+)CaxAs3+1-x(Si,As5+)Si6B3(O,F)48","(Y,REE,Ca,Na)15(Al,Fe3+)CaxAs3+1-x(Si,As5+)Si6B3(O,F)48","(Y,REE,Ca,Na)_15_(Al,Fe^3+^)Ca_x_As^3+^_1-x_(Si,As^5+^)Si_6_B_3_(O,F)_48_","(Y,REE,Ca,Na)_15_(Al,Fe^3+^)Ca_x_As^3+^_1-x_(Si,As^5+^)Si_6_B_3_(O,F)_48_","Y REE Ca Na Al Fe As Si B O F","IMA2006-005"," ",5553,"Okanoganite","hexagonal","R3m","Y REE Ca Na Al Fe^3+ As^3+ Si As^5+ B O F","Hhm-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hungchaoite","Hungchaoite","MgB4O5(OH)4·7H2O","MgB4O5(OH)4·7H2O","MgB_4_O_5_(OH)_4_·7H_2_O","MgB_4_O_5_(OH)_4_·7H_2_O","Mg B O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2326," ","triclinic","P1","Mg B O H","Hch","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Huntingdonite","Huntingdonite","Pb2+19Sb3+16As3+6S2-51Cl2","Pb19Sb16As6S51Cl2","Pb_19_Sb_16_As_6_S_51_Cl_2_","Pb^2+^_19_Sb^3+^_16_As^3+^_6_S^2-^_51_Cl_2_","Pb Sb As S Cl","IMA2024-027"," ",7550,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2- Cl","Hgd",,"No" +"Huntite","Huntite","CaMg3(CO3)4","CaMg3(CO3)4","CaMg_3_(CO_3_)_4_","CaMg_3_(CO_3_)_4_","Ca Mg C O"," "," ",2327,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R32","Ca Mg C O","Hun","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Hureaulite","Hureaulite","Mn2+5(PO4)2(PO3OH)2·4H2O","Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2·4H2O","Mn^2+^_5_(PO_3_OH)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn P O H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",2328,"Hureaulite","monoclinic","C2/c","Mn^2+ P O H","Hur","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hurlbutite","Hurlbutite","CaBe2P2O8","CaBe2(PO4)2","CaBe_2_(PO_4_)_2_","CaBe_2_P_2_O_8_","Ca Be P O"," "," ",2329,"Danburite","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Be P O","Hrb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hutcheonite","Hutcheonite","Ca3Ti4+2(Al2Si)O12","Ca3Ti2(SiAl2)O12","Ca_3_Ti_2_(SiAl_2_)O_12_","Ca_3_Ti^4+^_2_(Al_2_Si)O_12_","Ca Ti Si Al O","IMA2013-029"," ",6190,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Ti^4+ Al Si O","Htn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Hutchinsonite","Hutchinsonite","Pb2+Tl1+As3+5S2-9","TlPbAs5S9","TlPbAs_5_S_9_","Pb^2+^Tl^1+^As^3+^_5_S^2-^_9_","Tl Pb As S"," "," ",2330," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Pb^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Hut","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Huttonite","Huttonite","Th4+SiO4","Th(SiO4)","Th(SiO_4_)","Th^4+^SiO_4_","Th Si O"," "," ",2331,"Monazite","monoclinic","P21/n","Th^4+ Si O","Ht","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hyalotekite","Hyalotekite","(Ba,Pb2+,K)4(Ca,Y)2(B,Be)2(Si,B)2Si8O28F","(Ba,Pb,K)4(Ca,Y)2(B,Be)2(Si,B)2Si8O28F","(Ba,Pb,K)_4_(Ca,Y)_2_(B,Be)_2_(Si,B)_2_Si_8_O_28_F","(Ba,Pb^2+^,K)_4_(Ca,Y)_2_(B,Be)_2_(Si,B)_2_Si_8_O_28_F","Ba Pb K Ca Y B Be Si O F"," "," ",2333,"Hyalotekite","triclinic","I1","Ba Pb^2+ K Ca Y B Be Si O F","Hya","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hyblerite","Hyblerite","Pb2+4Bi3+2(S6+O4)2(CO3)O4","Pb2+4Bi3+2(SO4)2(CO3)O4","Pb^2+^_4_Bi^3+^_2_(SO_4_)_2_(CO_3_)O_4_","Pb^2+^_4_Bi^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(CO_3_)O_4_","Pb Bi S O C","IMA2024-052"," ",7505,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^6+ O C","Hyi",,"No" +"Hydrobasaluminite","Hydrobasaluminite","Al4(S6+O4)(OH)10·15H2O","Al4(SO4)(OH)10·15H2O","Al_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_10_·15H_2_O","Al_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_10_·15H_2_O","Al S O H"," "," ",2335," ","monoclinic",,"Al S^6+ O H","Hba","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Hydrobiotite","Hydrobiotite","K(Mg,Fe2+)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·nH2O","K(Mg,Fe2+)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·nH2O","K(Mg,Fe^2+^)_6_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·nH_2_O","K(Mg,Fe^2+^)_6_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·nH_2_O","K Mg Fe Si Al O H","IMA1983 s.p."," ",2336,"Corrensite, Clay",,,"K Mg Fe^2+ Si Al O H","Hbt","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydroboracite","Hydroboracite","CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2·3H2O","CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2·3H2O","CaMg[B_3_O_4_(OH)_3_]_2_·3H_2_O","CaMg[B_3_O_4_(OH)_3_]_2_·3H_2_O","Ca Mg B O H"," "," ",2337," ","monoclinic","P2/c","Ca Mg B O H","Hbo","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydrocalumite","Hydrocalumite","Ca4Al2(OH)12(Cl,CO3,OH)2·4H2O","Ca4Al2(OH)12(Cl,CO3,OH)2·4H2O","Ca_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(Cl,CO_3_,OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(Cl,CO_3_,OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Al O H Cl C"," "," ",2338,"Hydrotalcite","monoclinic","P2/c, C2/c","Ca Al O H Cl C","Hcl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Hydrocerussite","Hydrocerussite","Pb2+3(CO3)2(OH)2","Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2","Pb_3_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_3_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb C O H"," "," ",2339," ","hexagonal","R3m, P31m","Pb^2+ C O H","Hcer","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Hydrochlorborite","Hydrochlorborite","Ca2B4O4Cl(OH)7·7H2O","Ca2B3O3(OH)4·BO(OH)3Cl·7H2O","Ca_2_B_3_O_3_(OH)_4_·BO(OH)_3_Cl·7H_2_O","Ca_2_B_4_O_4_Cl(OH)_7_·7H_2_O","Ca B O H Cl"," "," ",2340," ","monoclinic","I2/a","Ca B O Cl H","Hcb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Hydrodelhayelite","Hydrodelhayelite","KCa2(Si7Al)O17(OH)2·6H2O","KCa2(Si7Al)O17(OH)2·6H2O","KCa_2_(Si_7_Al)O_17_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","KCa_2_(Si_7_Al)O_17_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","K Ca Si Al O H","IMA1979-023"," ",2341," ","orthorhombic","Pnm21","K Ca Si Al O H","Hdhy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydrodresserite","Hydrodresserite","BaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·3H2O","BaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·3H2O","BaAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","BaAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Ba Al C O H","IMA1976-036"," ",2342,"Dundasite","triclinic","P1","Ba Al C O H","Hdrs","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Hydroglauberite","Hydroglauberite","Na10Ca3(S6+O4)8·6H2O","Na10Ca3(SO4)8·6H2O","Na_10_Ca_3_(SO_4_)_8_·6H_2_O","Na_10_Ca_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_8_·6H_2_O","Na Ca S O H","IMA1968-026"," ",2343," ",,,"Na Ca S^6+ O H","Hglb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydrohalite","Hydrohalite","NaCl·2H2O","NaCl·2H2O","NaCl·2H_2_O","NaCl·2H_2_O","Na Cl H O"," "," ",2344," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Cl H O","Hhl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM18 - Minerals formed by freezing","No" +"Hydrohalloysite","Hydrohalloysite","Al2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O","Al2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O","Al_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Al_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Al Si O H","IMA2022 s.p."," ",5394,"Clay, Kaolinite",,,"Al Si O H","Hly-10Å","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Hydrohonessite","Hydrohonessite","(Ni2+1-xFe3+x)(S6+O4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Ni1-xFe3+x)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Ni_1-x_Fe^3+^_x_)(SO_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Ni^2+^_1-x_Fe^3+^_x_)(S^6+^O_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","Ni Fe S O H","IMA1980-037a"," ",2346,"Woodwardite, Hydrotalcite","hexagonal",,"Ni^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Hhon","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydrokenoelsmoreite","Hydrokenoelsmoreite","☐2W6+2O6(H2O)","☐2W2O6(H2O)","[box]_2_W_2_O_6_(H_2_O)","[box]_2_W^6+^_2_O_6_(H_2_O)","W O H","IMA2003-059, IMA2010 s.p."," ",5257,"Pyrochlore-Elsmoreite","cubic","Fd3m","W^6+ O H","Hkm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydrokenomicrolite","Hydrokenomicrolite","(☐,H2O)2Ta5+2(O,OH)6·H2O","(☐,H2O)2Ta2(O,OH)6(H2O)","([box],H_2_O)_2_Ta_2_(O,OH)_6_(H_2_O)","([box],H_2_O)_2_Ta^5+^_2_(O,OH)_6_·H_2_O","H O Ta","IMA2011-103"," ",6046,"Pyrochlore-microlite","cubic","Fd3m","H O Ta^5+","Hkmic","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydrokenopyrochlore","Hydrokenopyrochlore","(☐,Sb3+,Na)2Nb5+2O6·H2O","(☐,Sb3+,Na)2Nb2O6·H2O","([box],Sb^3+^,Na)_2_Nb_2_O_6_·H_2_O","([box],Sb^3+^,Na)_2_Nb^5+^_2_O_6_·H_2_O","Sb Na Nb O H","IMA2017-005"," ",6648,"Pyrochlore-Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","Sb^3+ Na Nb^5+ O H","Hkpcl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydrokenoralstonite","Hydrokenoralstonite","☐2Al2F6(H2O)","☐2Al2F6(H2O)","[box]_2_Al_2_F_6_(H_2_O)","[box]_2_Al_2_F_6_(H_2_O)","Al F H O"," "," ",3779,"Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","Al F H O","Hkra","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Hydromagnesite","Hydromagnesite","Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O","Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O","Mg_5_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Mg_5_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Mg C O H"," "," ",2347," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg C O H","Hmgs","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Hydrombobomkulite","Hydrombobomkulite","(Ni2+,Cu2+)Al4(N5+O3,S6+O4)2(OH)12·14H2O","(Ni,Cu)Al4(NO3,SO4)2(OH)12·14H2O","(Ni,Cu)Al_4_(NO_3_,SO_4_)_2_(OH)_12_·14H_2_O","(Ni^2+^,Cu^2+^)Al_4_(N^5+^O_3_,S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_12_·14H_2_O","Ni Cu Al N O S H","IMA1979-079a"," ",2348,"Chalcoalumite","monoclinic",,"Ni^2+ Cu^2+ Al N^5+ O S^6+ H","Hmbb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydroniumjarosite","Hydroniumjarosite","(H3O)Fe3+3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","(H3O)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6","(H_3_O)Fe^3+^_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","(H_3_O)Fe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","H O Fe S","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2349,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","H O Fe^3+ S^6+","Hjrs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Hydroniumpharmacoalumite","Hydroniumpharmacoalumite","(H3O)Al4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·4.5H2O","(H3O)Al4(AsO4)3(OH)4·4.5H2O","(H_3_O)Al_4_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·4.5H_2_O","(H_3_O)Al_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·4.5H_2_O","H O Al As","IMA2012-050"," ",6158,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic","P43m","H O Al As^5+","Hpal","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydroniumpharmacosiderite","Hydroniumpharmacosiderite","(H3O)Fe3+4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·4H2O","(H3O)Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·4H2O","(H_3_O)Fe^3+^_4_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","(H_3_O)Fe^3+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","H O Fe As","IMA2010-014"," ",5840,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic","P43m","H O Fe^3+ As^5+","Hpsd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydronováčekite","Hydronovacekite","Mg(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·12H2O","Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2·12H2O","Mg(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Mg U O As H","IMA2007 s.p., IMA2022 s.p."," ",3390," ","triclinic","P1","Mg U^6+ O As^5+ H","Nvč-I","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydropascoite","Hydropascoite","Ca3[V5+10O28]·24H2O","Ca3(V10O28)·24H2O","Ca_3_(V_10_O_28_)·24H_2_O","Ca_3_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·24H_2_O","Ca V O H","IMA2016-032"," ",6558,"Pascoite","triclinic","P1","Ca V^5+ O H","Hpas","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Hydroplumboelsmoreite","Hydroplumboelsmoreite","(Pb2+☐)(W6+1.33Fe3+0.67)O6(H2O)","(Pb☐)(W1.33Fe3+0.67)O6(H2O)","(Pb[box])(W_1.33_Fe^3+^_0.67_)O_6_(H_2_O)","(Pb^2+^[box])(W^6+^_1.33_Fe^3+^_0.67_)O_6_(H_2_O)","Pb W Fe O H","IMA1984-062, IMA2021 s.p."," ",2537,"Pyrochlore-Elsmoreite","cubic","Fd3m","Pb^2+ W^6+ Fe^3+ O H","Hpe","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hydropyrochlore","Hydropyrochlore","(H2O,☐)2Nb5+2(O,OH)6(H2O)","(H2O,☐)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)","(H_2_O,[box])_2_Nb_2_(O,OH)_6_(H_2_O)","(H_2_O,[box])_2_Nb^5+^_2_(O,OH)_6_(H_2_O)","H O Nb","IMA2010 s.p."," ",2579,"Pyrochlore-Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","H O Nb^5+","Hpcl","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Hydroredmondite","Hydroredmondite","[Pb2+8O2Zn2+(OH)6](S6+O3S2-)4·2H2O","[Pb8O2Zn(OH)6](S2O3)4·2H2O","[Pb_8_O_2_Zn(OH)_6_](S_2_O_3_)_4_·2H_2_O","[Pb^2+^_8_O_2_Zn^2+^(OH)_6_](S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_4_·2H_2_O","Pb O Zn H S","IMA2021-073"," ",7181,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ O Zn^2+ H S^6+ S^2-","Hrdm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydroromarchite","Hydroromarchite","Sn2+3O2(OH)2","Sn2+3O2(OH)2","Sn^2+^_3_O_2_(OH)_2_","Sn^2+^_3_O_2_(OH)_2_","Sn O H","IMA1969-007"," ",2351," ","tetragonal","P421c, P4/mnc","Sn^2+ O H","Hrom","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Hydroscarbroite","Hydroscarbroite","Al14(CO3)3(OH)36·nH2O","Al14(CO3)3(OH)36·nH2O","Al_14_(CO_3_)_3_(OH)_36_·nH_2_O","Al_14_(CO_3_)_3_(OH)_36_·nH_2_O","Al C O H"," "," ",2352," ",,,"Al C O H","Hsca","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydrotalcite","Hydrotalcite","Mg6Al2(OH)16(CO3)(H2O)4","Mg6Al2(OH)16(CO3)(H2O)4","Mg_6_Al_2_(OH)_16_(CO_3_)(H_2_O)_4_","Mg_6_Al_2_(OH)_16_(CO_3_)(H_2_O)_4_","Mg Al O H C","IMA2016 s.p."," ",2353,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Al O H C","Htc","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization","No" +"Hydroterskite","Hydroterskite","Na2Zr4+Si6O12(OH)6","Na2ZrSi6O12(OH)6","Na_2_ZrSi_6_O_12_(OH)_6_","Na_2_Zr^4+^Si_6_O_12_(OH)_6_","Na Zr Si O H","IMA2015-042"," ",6444,"Terskite","orthorhombic","Pnca","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Hter","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hydrotungstite","Hydrotungstite","W6+O2(OH)2·H2O","WO2(OH)2·H2O","WO_2_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","W^6+^O_2_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","W O H"," "," ",2354," ","monoclinic","P2/m","W^6+ O H","Htgs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydrowoodwardite","Hydrowoodwardite","(Cu2+1-xAlx)(S6+O4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Cu1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Cu_1-x_Al_x_)(SO_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Cu^2+^_1-x_Al_x_)(S^6+^O_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","Cu Al S O H","IMA1996-038"," ",2355,"Woodwardite, Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Cu^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Hwwd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)","Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)","KCa4Si8O20(OH,F)·8H2O","KCa4Si8O20(OH,F)·8H2O","KCa_4_Si_8_O_20_(OH,F)·8H_2_O","KCa_4_Si_8_O_20_(OH,F)·8H_2_O","K Ca Si O H F","IMA1978 s.p."," ",2356,"Apophyllite","tetragonal","P4/mnc","K Ca Si O H F","Hapo-K","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Hydroxycalciomicrolite","Hydroxycalciomicrolite","Ca1.5Ta5+2O6(OH)","Ca1.5Ta2O6(OH)","Ca_1.5_Ta_2_O_6_(OH)","Ca_1.5_Ta^5+^_2_O_6_(OH)","Ca Ta O H","IMA2013-073"," ",6144,"Pyrochlore-microlite","cubic",,"Ca Ta^5+ O H","Hcmic","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hydroxycalciopyrochlore","Hydroxycalciopyrochlore","(Ca,Na,U4+,☐)2(Nb5+,Ti4+)2O6(OH)","(Ca,Na,U,☐)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)","(Ca,Na,U,[box])_2_(Nb,Ti)_2_O_6_(OH)","(Ca,Na,U^4+^,[box])_2_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_2_O_6_(OH)","Ca Na U Nb Ti O H","IMA2011-026"," ",5954,"Pyrochlore-Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Ca Na U^4+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ O H","Hcpcl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hydroxycalcioroméite","Hydroxycalcioromeite","(Ca,Sb3+)2(Sb5+,Ti4+)2O6(OH)","(Ca,Sb3+)2(Sb5+,Ti)2O6(OH)","(Ca,Sb^3+^)_2_(Sb^5+^,Ti)_2_O_6_(OH)","(Ca,Sb^3+^)_2_(Sb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_2_O_6_(OH)","Ca Sb Ti O H","IMA2010 s.p."," ",5842,"Pyrochlore-Roméite","cubic","Fd3m, F43m, F23","Ca Sb^3+ Sb^5+ Ti^4+ O H","Hcr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydroxycancrinite","Hydroxycancrinite","(Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(OH,CO3)2·2H2O","(Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(OH,CO3)2·2H2O","(Na,Ca,K)_8_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)(OH,CO_3_)_2_·2H_2_O","(Na,Ca,K)_8_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)(OH,CO_3_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na Ca K Al Si O H C","IMA1990-014"," ",2357,"Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P3","Na Ca K Al Si O H C","Hccn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hydroxyferroroméite","Hydroxyferroromeite","(Fe2+1.5☐0.5)Sb5+2O6(OH)","(Fe2+1.5☐0.5)Sb5+2O6(OH)","(Fe^2+^_1.5_[box]_0.5_)Sb^5+^_2_O_6_(OH)","(Fe^2+^_1.5_[box]_0.5_)Sb^5+^_2_O_6_(OH)","Fe Sb O H","IMA2016-006"," ",6534,"Pyrochlore-Roméite","cubic","Fd3m","Fe^2+ Sb^5+ O H","Hfr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydroxykenoelsmoreite","Hydroxykenoelsmoreite","(☐,Pb2+)2(W6+,Fe3+,Al)2(O,OH)6(OH)","(☐,Pb)2(W,Fe3+,Al)2(O,OH)6(OH)","([box],Pb)_2_(W,Fe^3+^,Al)_2_(O,OH)_6_(OH)","([box],Pb^2+^)_2_(W^6+^,Fe^3+^,Al)_2_(O,OH)_6_(OH)","Pb W Fe Al O H","IMA2016-056"," ",6583,"Pyrochlore-Elsmoreite","hexagonal, cubic","R3","Pb^2+ W^6+ Fe^3+ Al O H","Hykm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydroxykenomicrolite","Hydroxykenomicrolite","(☐,Na,Sb3+)2Ta5+2O6(OH)","(☐,Na,Sb3+)2Ta2O6(OH)","([box],Na,Sb^3+^)_2_Ta_2_O_6_(OH)","([box],Na,Sb^3+^)_2_Ta^5+^_2_O_6_(OH)","Na Sb Ta O H","IMA1980-021, IMA2010 s.p."," ",1382,"Pyrochlore-microlite","cubic","Fd3m","Na Sb^3+ Ta^5+ O H","Hykmic","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hydroxykenopyrochlore","Hydroxykenopyrochlore","(☐,Ce3+,Ba)2(Nb5+,Ti4+)2O6(OH,F)","(☐,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F)","([box],Ce,Ba)_2_(Nb,Ti)_2_O_6_(OH,F)","([box],Ce^3+^,Ba)_2_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_2_O_6_(OH,F)","Ce Ba Nb Ti O H F","IMA2017-030a"," ",6687,"Pyrochlore-Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","Ce^3+ Ba Nb^5+ Ti^4+ O H F","Hykpcl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hydroxylapatite","Hydroxylapatite","Ca5(PO4)3OH","Ca5(PO4)3OH","Ca_5_(PO_4_)_3_OH","Ca_5_(PO_4_)_3_OH","Ca P O H","IMA2010 s.p."," ",2358,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca P O H","Hap","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere, PM44 - Anoxic microbially-mediated minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)","Hydroxylbastnasite-(Ce)","Ce3+CO3(OH)","Ce(CO3)(OH)","Ce(CO_3_)(OH)","Ce^3+^CO_3_(OH)","Ce C O H","IMA1987 s.p., IMA2008 s.p."," ",2359,"Bastnäsite","hexagonal","P62c, P6","Ce^3+ C O H","Hbsn-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)","Hydroxylbastnasite-(La)","La(CO3)(OH)","La(CO3)(OH)","La(CO_3_)(OH)","La(CO_3_)(OH)","La C O H","IMA2021-001"," ",5115,"Bastnäsite","hexagonal","P6","La C O H","Hbsn-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd)","Hydroxylbastnasite-(Nd)","NdCO3(OH)","Nd(CO3)(OH)","Nd(CO_3_)(OH)","NdCO_3_(OH)","Nd C O H","IMA1984-060, IMA2008 s.p."," ",2360,"Bastnäsite","hexagonal","P6","Nd C O H","Hbsn-Nd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Hydroxylbenyacarite","Hydroxylbenyacarite","(H2O)2Mn2(Ti2Fe)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10·4H2O","(H2O)2Mn2(Ti2Fe)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10·4H2O","(H_2_O)_2_Mn_2_(Ti_2_Fe)(PO_4_)_4_[O(OH)](H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","(H_2_O)_2_Mn_2_(Ti_2_Fe)(PO_4_)_4_[O(OH)](H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","H O Mn Ti Fe P","IMA2023-079"," ",7415,"Paulkerrite","orthorhombic","Pbca","H O Mn Ti Fe P","Hbyc",,"No" +"Hydroxylborite","Hydroxylborite","Mg3(BO3)(OH)3","Mg3(BO3)(OH)3","Mg_3_(BO_3_)(OH)_3_","Mg_3_(BO_3_)(OH)_3_","Mg B O H","IMA2005-054"," ",5536," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Mg B O H","Hyb","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Hydroxylchondrodite","Hydroxylchondrodite","Mg5(SiO4)2(OH)2","Mg5(SiO4)2(OH)2","Mg_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Mg_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Mg Si O H","IMA2010-019"," ",5848,"Humite","monoclinic","P21/b, P21/c","Mg Si O H","Hchn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Hydroxylclinohumite","Hydroxylclinohumite","Mg9(SiO4)4(OH)2","Mg9(SiO4)4(OH)2","Mg_9_(SiO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Mg_9_(SiO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Mg Si O H","IMA1998-065"," ",2361,"Humite","monoclinic","P21/b","Mg Si O H","Hchu","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Hydroxyledgrewite","Hydroxyledgrewite","Ca9(SiO4)4(OH)2","Ca9(SiO4)4(OH)2","Ca_9_(SiO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Ca_9_(SiO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Ca Si O H","IMA2011-113"," ",6056,"Humite","monoclinic","P21/b","Ca Si O H","Hegr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals","No" +"Hydroxylellestadite","Hydroxylellestadite","Ca5(SiO4)1.5(S6+O4)1.5(OH)","Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5OH","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_1.5_(SO_4_)_1.5_OH","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_1.5_(S^6+^O_4_)_1.5_(OH)","Ca Si O S H","IMA1970-026, IMA2010 s.p."," ",2362,"Apatite","hexagonal, monoclinic","P63/m, P21/m","Ca Si O S^6+ H","Hel","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Hydroxylgugiaite","Hydroxylgugiaite","(Ca3☐)Σ4(Si3.5Be2.5)Σ6O11(OH)3","(Ca3☐)Σ4(Si3.5Be2.5)Σ6O11(OH)3","(Ca_3_[box])_Σ4_(Si_3.5_Be_2.5_)_Σ6_O_11_(OH)_3_","(Ca_3_[box])_Σ4_(Si_3.5_Be_2.5_)_Σ6_O_11_(OH)_3_","Ca Si Be O H","IMA2016-009"," ",6536,"Melilite","tetragonal","P421m","Ca Si Be O H","Hgug","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydroxylhedyphane","Hydroxylhedyphane","Ca2Pb2+3(As5+O4)3(OH)","Ca2Pb3(AsO4)3(OH)","Ca_2_Pb_3_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)","Ca_2_Pb^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)","Ca Pb As O H","IMA2018-052"," ",5821,"Apatite","hexagonal","P3, P63/m","Ca Pb^2+ As^5+ O H","Hhdy","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Hydroxylherderite","Hydroxylherderite","CaBe(PO4)(OH)","CaBe(PO4)(OH)","CaBe(PO_4_)(OH)","CaBe(PO_4_)(OH)","Ca Be P O H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",2363,"Gadolinite","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Be P O H","Hhd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hydroxylpyromorphite","Hydroxylpyromorphite","Pb2+5(PO4)3(OH)","Pb5(PO4)3(OH)","Pb_5_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)","Pb^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)","Pb P O H","IMA2017-075"," ",5507,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Pb^2+ P O H","Hpm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Hydroxylwagnerite","Hydroxylwagnerite","Mg2PO4(OH)","Mg2(PO4)(OH)","Mg_2_(PO_4_)(OH)","Mg_2_PO_4_(OH)","Mg P O H","IMA2004-009"," ",5558,"Wagnerite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg P O H","Hwag","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Hydroxymanganopyrochlore","Hydroxymanganopyrochlore","(Mn2+,Th4+,Na,Ca,REE)2(Nb5+,Ti4+)2O6(OH)","(Mn,Th,Na,Ca,REE)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)","(Mn,Th,Na,Ca,REE)_2_(Nb,Ti)_2_O_6_(OH)","(Mn^2+^,Th^4+^,Na,Ca,REE)_2_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_2_O_6_(OH)","Mn Th Na Ca REE Nb Ti O H","IMA2012-005"," ",6061,"Pyrochlore-Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","Mn^2+ Th^4+ Na Ca REE Nb^5+ Ti^4+ O H","Hmpcl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hydroxymcglassonite-(K)","Hydroxymcglassonite-(K)","KSr4Si8O20(OH)·8H2O","KSr4Si8O20(OH)·8H2O","KSr_4_Si_8_O_20_(OH)·8H_2_O","KSr_4_Si_8_O_20_(OH)·8H_2_O","K Sr Si O H","IMA2020-066"," ",7082,"Apophyllite","tetragonal",,"K Sr Si O H","Hmg","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Hydroxynatropyrochlore","Hydroxynatropyrochlore","(Na,Ca,Ce3+)2Nb5+2O6(OH)","(Na,Ca,Ce)2Nb2O6(OH)","(Na,Ca,Ce)_2_Nb_2_O_6_(OH)","(Na,Ca,Ce^3+^)_2_Nb^5+^_2_O_6_(OH)","Na Ca Ce Nb O H","IMA2017-074"," ",6706,"Pyrochlore-Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","Na Ca Ce^3+ Nb^5+ O H","Hnpcl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Hydroxyplumbopyrochlore","Hydroxyplumbopyrochlore","(Pb2+1.5☐0.5)Nb5+2O6(OH)","(Pb1.5☐0.5)Nb2O6(OH)","(Pb_1.5_[box]_0.5_)Nb_2_O_6_(OH)","(Pb^2+^_1.5_[box]_0.5_)Nb^5+^_2_O_6_(OH)","Pb Nb O H","IMA2018-145"," ",6985,"Pyrochlore-Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Pb^2+ Nb^5+ O H","Hppcl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hydrozincite","Hydrozincite","Zn2+5(CO3)2(OH)6","Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6","Zn_5_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_","Zn^2+^_5_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_","Zn C O H"," "," ",2364," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Zn^2+ C O H","Hznc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Hylbrownite","Hylbrownite","Na3MgP3O10·12H2O","Na3MgP3O10·12H2O","Na_3_MgP_3_O_10_·12H_2_O","Na_3_MgP_3_O_10_·12H_2_O","Na Mg P O H","IMA2010-054"," ",5881,"Kanonerovite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Mg P O H","Hbw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Hypercinnabar","Hypercinnabar","HgS","HgS","HgS","HgS","Hg S","IMA1977 s.p."," ",2365," ","hexagonal",,"Hg S","Hcin","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hyršlite","Hyrslite","Pb2+8As3+10Sb3+6S2-32","Pb8As10Sb6S32","Pb_8_As_10_Sb_6_S_32_","Pb^2+^_8_As^3+^_10_Sb^3+^_6_S^2-^_32_","Pb As Sb S","IMA2016-097"," ",6624,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21","Pb^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Hyr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Hyttsjöite","Hyttsjoite","Pb2+18Ba2Ca5Mn2+2Fe3+2Si30O90Cl·6H2O","Pb18Ba2Ca5Mn2+2Fe3+2Si30O90Cl·6H2O","Pb_18_Ba_2_Ca_5_Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_Si_30_O_90_Cl·6H_2_O","Pb^2+^_18_Ba_2_Ca_5_Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_Si_30_O_90_Cl·6H_2_O","Pb Ba Ca Mn Fe Si O Cl H","IMA1993-056"," ",2366," ","hexagonal","R3","Pb^2+ Ba Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Si O Cl H","Hyj","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ianbruceite","Ianbruceite","Zn2+2As5+O4(OH)·3H2O","Zn2(AsO4)(OH)(H2O)·2H2O","Zn_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)(H_2_O)·2H_2_O","Zn^2+^_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH)·3H_2_O","Zn As O H","IMA2011-049"," ",5977,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Ibc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Iangreyite","Iangreyite","Ca2Al7(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH,F)15·8H2O","Ca2Al7(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH,F)15·8H2O","Ca_2_Al_7_(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_(OH,F)_15_·8H_2_O","Ca_2_Al_7_(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_(OH,F)_15_·8H_2_O","Ca Al P O H F","IMA2009-087"," ",5816,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P321","Ca Al P O H F","Igy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Ianthinite","Ianthinite","U4+2(U6+O2)4O6(OH)4·9H2O","U4+2(UO2)4O6(OH)4·9H2O","U^4+^_2_(UO_2_)_4_O_6_(OH)_4_·9H_2_O","U^4+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_O_6_(OH)_4_·9H_2_O","U O H"," "," ",2367," ","orthorhombic","P21cn","U^4+ U^6+ O H","Ian","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM27 - Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ice","Ice","H2O","H2O","H_2_O","H_2_O","H O"," "," ",2368,"Amorphous, Tridymite",,,"H O","Ice","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, PM2 - Interstellar condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM18 - Minerals formed by freezing, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Ichnusaite","Ichnusaite","Th4+(Mo6+O4)2·3H2O","Th(MoO4)2·3H2O","Th(MoO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Th^4+^(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Th Mo O H","IMA2013-087"," ",6246,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Th^4+ Mo^6+ O H","Ich","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Icosahedrite","Icosahedrite","Al63Cu24Fe13","Al63Cu24Fe13","Al_63_Cu_24_Fe_13_","Al_63_Cu_24_Fe_13_","Al Cu Fe","IMA2010-042"," ",5872,"Not in a structural group",,,"Al Cu Fe","Ihd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Idaite","Idaite","Cu3FeS2-4","Cu3FeS4","Cu_3_FeS_4_","Cu_3_FeS^2-^_4_","Cu Fe S"," "," ",2369,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","hexagonal, tetragonal","I42m","Cu Fe S^2-","Ida","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Idrialite","Idrialite","C22H14","C22H14","C_22_H_14_","C_22_H_14_","C H"," "," ",2370," ","orthorhombic",,"C H","Id","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Igelströmite","Igelstromite","Fe3+(Sb3+Pb2+)O4","Fe3+(SbPb)O4","Fe^3+^(SbPb)O_4_","Fe^3+^(Sb^3+^Pb^2+^)O_4_","Fe Sb Pb O","IMA2021-035"," ",7145,"Minium","tetragonal","P42/mbc","Fe^3+ Sb^3+ Pb^2+ O","Ig","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Iimoriite-(Y)","Iimoriite-(Y)","Y2(SiO4)(CO3)","Y2(SiO4)(CO3)","Y_2_(SiO_4_)(CO_3_)","Y_2_(SiO_4_)(CO_3_)","Y Si O C","IMA1967-033, IMA1987 s.p."," ",2371," ","triclinic","P1","Y Si O C","Iim-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ikaite","Ikaite","CaCO3·6H2O","Ca(CO3)·6H2O","Ca(CO_3_)·6H_2_O","CaCO_3_·6H_2_O","Ca C O H","IMA1962-005"," ",2372," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca C O H","Ika","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM18 - Minerals formed by freezing","No" +"Ikorskyite","Ikorskyite","KMn3+(Si4O10)·3H2O","KMn3+(Si4O10)·3H2O","KMn^3+^(Si_4_O_10_)·3H_2_O","KMn^3+^(Si_4_O_10_)·3H_2_O","K Mn Si O H","IMA2022-035"," ",7279,"Clay, Palygorskite","monoclinic","P21/c","K Mn^3+ Si O H","Iko",,"No" +"Ikranite","Ikranite","(Na,H3O)15(Ca,Mn2+,Ce3+)6Fe3+2Zr4+3Si24O66(O,OH)6Cl·nH2O","(Na,H3O)15(Ca,Mn,REE)6Fe3+2Zr3Si24O66(O,OH)6Cl·nH2O","(Na,H_3_O)_15_(Ca,Mn,REE)_6_Fe^3+^_2_Zr_3_Si_24_O_66_(O,OH)_6_Cl·nH_2_O","(Na,H_3_O)_15_(Ca,Mn^2+^,Ce^3+^)_6_Fe^3+^_2_Zr^4+^_3_Si_24_O_66_(O,OH)_6_Cl·nH_2_O","Na H O Ca Mn REE Fe Zr Si Cl","IMA2000-010"," ",2373,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na H O Ca Mn^2+ Ce^3+ Fe^3+ Zr^4+ Si Cl","Ikr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ikunolite","Ikunolite","Bi4S3","Bi4S3","Bi_4_S_3_","Bi_4_S_3_","Bi S","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2374,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","R3m","Bi S","Ik","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ilesite","Ilesite","Mn2+S6+O4·4H2O","Mn2+(SO4)·4H2O","Mn^2+^(SO_4_)·4H_2_O","Mn^2+^S^6+^O_4_·4H_2_O","Mn S O H"," "," ",2375,"Starkeyite","monoclinic","P21/n","Mn^2+ S^6+ O H","Ile","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Ilímaussite-(Ce)","Ilimaussite-(Ce)","(Ba,Na)10K3Na4.5Ce3+5(Nb5+,Ti4+)6O6(Si12O36)(Si9O18)(O,OH)24","(Ba,Na)10K3Na4.5Ce5(Nb,Ti)6O6(Si12O36)(Si9O18)(O,OH)24","(Ba,Na)_10_K_3_Na_4.5_Ce_5_(Nb,Ti)_6_O_6_(Si_12_O_36_)(Si_9_O_18_)(O,OH)_24_","(Ba,Na)_10_K_3_Na_4.5_Ce^3+^_5_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_6_O_6_(Si_12_O_36_)(Si_9_O_18_)(O,OH)_24_","Ba Na K Ce Nb Ti O Si H","IMA1965-025, IMA1987 s.p."," ",2376," ","hexagonal","R32","Ba Na K Ce^3+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ O Si H","Ilí-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ilinskite","Ilinskite","NaCu2+5O2(Se4+O3)2Cl3","NaCu5O2(Se4+O3)2Cl3","NaCu_5_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_Cl_3_","NaCu^2+^_5_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_Cl_3_","Na Cu O Se Cl","IMA1996-027"," ",2377,"Ilinskite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Na Cu^2+ O Se^4+ Cl","Isk","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Ilirneyite","Ilirneyite","Mg0.5Zn2+Mn3+(Te4+O3)3·4.5H2O","Mg0.5[ZnMn3+(TeO3)3]·4.5H2O","Mg_0.5_[ZnMn^3+^(TeO_3_)_3_]·4.5H_2_O","Mg_0.5_Zn^2+^Mn^3+^(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·4.5H_2_O","Mg Zn Mn Te O H","IMA2015-046"," ",6447,"Zemannite","hexagonal","P63/m","Mg Zn^2+ Mn^3+ Te^4+ O H","Iny","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Illoqite-(Ce)","Illoqite-(Ce)","Na2NaBaCe3+Zn2+Si6O17","Na2NaBaCeZnSi6O17","Na_2_NaBaCeZnSi_6_O_17_","Na_2_NaBaCe^3+^Zn^2+^Si_6_O_17_","Na Ba Ce Zn Si O","IMA2021-021"," ",7134,"Nordite","orthorhombic","Pcca","Na Ba Ce^3+ Zn^2+ Si O","Ilo-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ilmajokite-(Ce)","Ilmajokite-(Ce)","Na11KBaCe3+2Ti4+12Si37.5O94(OH)30·29H2O","Na11KBaCe2Ti12Si37.5O94(OH)30·29H2O","Na_11_KBaCe_2_Ti_12_Si_37.5_O_94_(OH)_30_·29H_2_O","Na_11_KBaCe^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_12_Si_37.5_O_94_(OH)_30_·29H_2_O","Na K Ba Ce Ti Si O H","IMA1971-027"," ",5023," ",,,"Na K Ba Ce^3+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Ijk-Ce",,"No" +"Ilmenite","Ilmenite","Fe2+Ti4+O3","Fe2+Ti4+O3","Fe^2+^Ti^4+^O_3_","Fe^2+^Ti^4+^O_3_","Fe Ti O"," "," ",2378,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3","Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O","Ilm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Ilsemannite","Ilsemannite","Mo4+Mo6+2O8·nH2O","Mo3O8·nH2O (?)","Mo_3_O_8_·nH_2_O (?)","Mo^4+^Mo^6+^_2_O_8_·nH_2_O","Mo O H"," "," ",5000," ",,,"Mo^4+ Mo^6+ O H","Ils","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Iltisite","Iltisite","Hg2+Ag1+S2-Cl","HgAgSCl","HgAgSCl","Hg^2+^Ag^1+^S^2-^Cl","Hg Ag S Cl","IMA1994-031"," ",2380," ","hexagonal",,"Hg^2+ Ag^1+ S^2- Cl","Iti","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ilvaite","Ilvaite","CaFe2+2Fe3+OSi2O7(OH)","CaFe3+Fe2+2O(Si2O7)(OH)","CaFe^3+^Fe^2+^_2_O(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)","CaFe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^OSi_2_O_7_(OH)","Ca Fe O Si H"," "," ",2381,"Ilvaite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pnam, P21/a, Pbnm","Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O Si H","Ilv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Ilyukhinite","Ilyukhinite","(H3O,Na)14Ca6Mn2+2Zr4+3Si26O72(OH)2·3H2O","(H3O,Na)14Ca6Mn2Zr3Si26O72(OH)2·3H2O","(H_3_O,Na)_14_Ca_6_Mn_2_Zr_3_Si_26_O_72_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","(H_3_O,Na)_14_Ca_6_Mn^2+^_2_Zr^4+^_3_Si_26_O_72_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","H O Na Ca Mn Zr Si","IMA2015-065"," ",6467,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","H O Na Ca Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Si","Ily","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Imandrite","Imandrite","Na12Ca3Fe3+2Si12O36","Na12Ca3Fe3+2Si12O36","Na_12_Ca_3_Fe^3+^_2_Si_12_O_36_","Na_12_Ca_3_Fe^3+^_2_Si_12_O_36_","Na Ca Fe Si O","IMA1979-025"," ",2458,"Lovozerite-Imandrite","orthorhombic","Pmnn","Na Ca Fe^3+ Si O","Ima","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Imayoshiite","Imayoshiite","Ca3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6·12H2O","Ca3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6·12H2O","Ca_3_Al(CO_3_)[B(OH)_4_](OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_Al(CO_3_)[B(OH)_4_](OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca Al C O B H","IMA2013-069"," ",6230,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P63, P63/mcm","Ca Al C O B H","Iys","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization","No" +"Imhofite","Imhofite","Tl1+5.8As3+15.4S2-26","Tl5.8As15.4S26","Tl_5.8_As_15.4_S_26_","Tl^1+^_5.8_As^3+^_15.4_S^2-^_26_","Tl As S","IMA1971 s.p."," ",2459," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Imh","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Imiterite","Imiterite","Ag2HgS2","Ag2HgS2","Ag_2_HgS_2_","Ag_2_HgS_2_","Ag Hg S","IMA1983-038"," ",2460," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag Hg S","Imi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Imogolite","Imogolite","Al2SiO3(OH)4","Al2SiO3(OH)4","Al_2_SiO_3_(OH)_4_","Al_2_SiO_3_(OH)_4_","Al Si O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2461,"Allophane",,,"Al Si O H","Imo","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Inaglyite","Inaglyite","Pb2+Cu2+3Ir3+8S2-16","PbCu3Ir8S16","PbCu_3_Ir_8_S_16_","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^_3_Ir^3+^_8_S^2-^_16_","Pb Cu Ir S","IMA1983-054"," ",2462," ","hexagonal",,"Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Ir^3+ S^2-","Ina","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Incomsartorite","Incomsartorite","Tl1+6Pb2+144As3+246S2-516","Tl6Pb144As246S516","Tl_6_Pb_144_As_246_S_516_","Tl^1+^_6_Pb^2+^_144_As^3+^_246_S^2-^_516_","Tl Pb As S","IMA2016-035"," ",6563,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/n","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Isat","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Inderborite","Inderborite","CaMg[B3O3(OH)5]2(H2O)4·2H2O","CaMg[B3O3(OH)5]2(H2O)4·2H2O","CaMg[B_3_O_3_(OH)_5_]_2_(H_2_O)_4_·2H_2_O","CaMg[B_3_O_3_(OH)_5_]_2_(H_2_O)_4_·2H_2_O","Ca Mg B O H"," "," ",2464," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mg B O H","Ibo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Inderite","Inderite","Mg[B3O3(OH)5](H2O)4·H2O","Mg[B3O3(OH)5](H2O)4·H2O","Mg[B_3_O_3_(OH)_5_](H_2_O)_4_·H_2_O","Mg[B_3_O_3_(OH)_5_](H_2_O)_4_·H_2_O","Mg B O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2465," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg B O H","Idr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Indialite","Indialite","Mg2Al3(AlSi5)O18","Mg2Al3(AlSi5)O18","Mg_2_Al_3_(AlSi_5_)O_18_","Mg_2_Al_3_(AlSi_5_)O_18_","Mg Al Si O"," "," ",2466,"Beryl","hexagonal","P6/mcc","Mg Al Si O","Ind","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Indigirite","Indigirite","Mg2Al2(CO3)4(OH)2·15H2O","Mg2Al2(CO3)4(OH)2·15H2O","Mg_2_Al_2_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_·15H_2_O","Mg_2_Al_2_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_·15H_2_O","Mg Al C O H","IMA1971-012"," ",2467,"Artinite",,,"Mg Al C O H","Idg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Indite","Indite","Fe2+In3+2S2-4","FeIn2S4","FeIn_2_S_4_","Fe^2+^In^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Fe In S","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2468,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Fe^2+ In^3+ S^2-","Idt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Indium","Indium","In","In","In","In","In","IMA1968 s.p."," ",2469," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","In","In","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","Yes" +"Inesite","Inesite","Ca2Mn2+7Si10O28(OH)2·5H2O","Ca2Mn2+7Si10O28(OH)2·5H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_7_Si_10_O_28_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_7_Si_10_O_28_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca Mn Si O H"," "," ",2470," ","triclinic","P1, P1","Ca Mn^2+ Si O H","Ins","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Ingersonite","Ingersonite","Ca3Mn2+Sb5+4O14","Ca3Mn2+Sb5+4O14","Ca_3_Mn^2+^Sb^5+^_4_O_14_","Ca_3_Mn^2+^Sb^5+^_4_O_14_","Ca Mn Sb O","IMA1986-021"," ",2471," ","hexagonal","P3121","Ca Mn^2+ Sb^5+ O","Igs","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ingodite","Ingodite","Bi2TeS","Bi2TeS","Bi_2_TeS","Bi_2_TeS","Bi Te S","IMA1980-045"," ",2472,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","P3m1","Bi Te S","Ing","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Innelite","Innelite","Ba4Ti4+2Na(NaMn2+)Ti4+(Si2O7)2[(S6+O4)(PO4)]O2[O(OH)]","Ba4Ti2Na(NaMn2+)Ti(Si2O7)2[(SO4)(PO4)]O2[O(OH)]","Ba_4_Ti_2_Na(NaMn^2+^)Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_[(SO_4_)(PO_4_)]O_2_[O(OH)]","Ba_4_Ti^4+^_2_Na(NaMn^2+^)Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_[(S^6+^O_4_)(PO_4_)]O_2_[O(OH)]","Ba Ti Na Mn Si O S P H","IMA2016 s.p."," ",2473,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, P1, P2/c","Ba Ti^4+ Na Mn^2+ Si O S^6+ P H","Inn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Innsbruckite","Innsbruckite","Mn2+33(Si2O5)14(OH)38","Mn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38","Mn_33_(Si_2_O_5_)_14_(OH)_38_","Mn^2+^_33_(Si_2_O_5_)_14_(OH)_38_","Mn Si O H","IMA2013-038"," ",6203,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","Cm","Mn^2+ Si O H","Ibk","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Insizwaite","Insizwaite","PtBi2","PtBi2","PtBi_2_","PtBi_2_","Pt Bi","IMA1971-031"," ",2474,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Pt Bi","Isw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Interliveingite","Interliveingite","Ag1+Pb2+18As3+25S2-56","AgPb18As25S56","AgPb_18_As_25_S_56_","Ag^1+^Pb^2+^_18_As^3+^_25_S^2-^_56_","Ag Pb As S","IMA2022-144"," ",7355,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Iliv",,"No" +"Intersilite","Intersilite","Na6Mn2+(Ti4+,Nb5+)Si10(O,OH)28·4H2O","Na6Mn(Ti,Nb)Si10(O,OH)28·4H2O","Na_6_Mn(Ti,Nb)Si_10_(O,OH)_28_·4H_2_O","Na_6_Mn^2+^(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)Si_10_(O,OH)_28_·4H_2_O","Na Mn Ti Nb Si O H","IMA1995-033"," ",2475," ","monoclinic","I2/m","Na Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Isi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Inyoite","Inyoite","CaB3O3(OH)5·4H2O","CaB3O3(OH)5·4H2O","CaB_3_O_3_(OH)_5_·4H_2_O","CaB_3_O_3_(OH)_5_·4H_2_O","Ca B O H"," "," ",2476," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca B O H","Iyo","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Iodargyrite","Iodargyrite","Ag1+I1-","AgI","AgI","Ag^1+^I^1-^","Ag I","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2477,"Wurtzite","hexagonal","P63mc","Ag^1+ I^1-","Iag","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Iowaite","Iowaite","Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2·4H2O","Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2·4H2O","Mg_6_Fe^3+^_2_(OH)_16_Cl_2_·4H_2_O","Mg_6_Fe^3+^_2_(OH)_16_Cl_2_·4H_2_O","Mg Fe O H Cl","IMA1967-002"," ",2478,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Fe^3+ O H Cl","Iow","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Iquiqueite","Iquiqueite","K3Na4Mg(Cr6+O4)B24O39(OH)·12H2O","K3Na4Mg(CrO4)B24O39(OH)·12H2O","K_3_Na_4_Mg(CrO_4_)B_24_O_39_(OH)·12H_2_O","K_3_Na_4_Mg(Cr^6+^O_4_)B_24_O_39_(OH)·12H_2_O","K Na Mg Cr O B H","IMA1984-019"," ",2479," ","hexagonal","P31c","K Na Mg Cr^6+ O B H","Iqu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Iranite","Iranite","Pb2+10Cu2+(Cr6+O4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2","CuPb10(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2","CuPb_10_(CrO_4_)_6_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_10_Cu^2+^(Cr^6+^O_4_)_6_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu Pb Cr O Si H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",2480,"Iranite","triclinic","P1, P1","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Cr^6+ O Si H","Irn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Iraqite-(La)","Iraqite-(La)","KCa2(La,Ce3+,Th4+)Si8O20","KCa2(La,Ce,Th)Si8O20","KCa_2_(La,Ce,Th)Si_8_O_20_","KCa_2_(La,Ce^3+^,Th^4+^)Si_8_O_20_","K Ca La Ce Th Si O","IMA1973-041"," ",2481,"Steacyite",,,"K Ca La Ce^3+ Th^4+ Si O","Irq-La","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Irarsite","Irarsite","Ir3+(AsS)3-","IrAsS","IrAsS","Ir^3+^(AsS)^3-^","Ir As S","IMA1966-028"," ",2482,"Pyrite","cubic",,"Ir^3+ As S","Irs","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Irhtemite","Irhtemite","Ca4Mg(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·4H2O","Ca4Mg(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·4H2O","Ca_4_Mg(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_4_Mg(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Mg As O H","IMA1971-034"," ",2483," ","monoclinic",,"Ca Mg As^5+ O H","Irh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Iridarsenite","Iridarsenite","IrAs2","IrAs2","IrAs_2_","IrAs_2_","Ir As","IMA1973-021"," ",2484," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ir As","Ird","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Iridium","Iridium","Ir","Ir","Ir","Ir","Ir","IMA1991 s.p."," ",2485,"Copper","cubic","Fm3m","Ir","Ir","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","Yes" +"Iriginite","Iriginite","(U6+O2)Mo6+2O7·3H2O","(UO2)Mo6+2O7·3H2O","(UO_2_)Mo^6+^_2_O_7_·3H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)Mo^6+^_2_O_7_·3H_2_O","U O Mo H"," "," ",2486," ","orthorhombic","Pbcm","U^6+ O Mo^6+ H","Irg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Irinarassite","Irinarassite","Ca3Sn4+2(Al2Si)O12","Ca3Sn2(SiAl2)O12","Ca_3_Sn_2_(SiAl_2_)O_12_","Ca_3_Sn^4+^_2_(Al_2_Si)O_12_","Ca Sn Si Al O","IMA2010-073"," ",5913,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Sn^4+ Al Si O","Inr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals","No" +"Iron","Iron","Fe","Fe","Fe","Fe","Fe"," "," ",2487,"Iron","cubic","Im3m, Fm3m","Fe","Fe","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","Yes" +"Irtyshite","Irtyshite","Na2Ta5+4O11","Na2Ta4O11","Na_2_Ta_4_O_11_","Na_2_Ta^5+^_4_O_11_","Na Ta O","IMA1984-025"," ",2488," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Na Ta^5+ O","Irt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Iseite","Iseite","Mn2+2Mo4+3O8","Mn2Mo3O8","Mn_2_Mo_3_O_8_","Mn^2+^_2_Mo^4+^_3_O_8_","Mn Mo O","IMA2012-020"," ",6080,"Nolanite","hexagonal","P63mc","Mn^2+ Mo^4+ O","Is","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ishiharaite","Ishiharaite","(Cu1+,Ga3+,Fe3+,In3+,Zn2+)S2-","(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)S","(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)S","(Cu^1+^,Ga^3+^,Fe^3+^,In^3+^,Zn^2+^)S^2-^","Cu Ga Fe In Zn S","IMA2013-119"," ",6277,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","Cu^1+ Ga^3+ Fe^3+ In^3+ Zn^2+ S^2-","Ish","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ishikawaite","Ishikawaite","(U4+,Fe2+,Y)Nb5+O4","(U,Fe,Y)NbO4","(U,Fe,Y)NbO_4_","(U^4+^,Fe^2+^,Y)Nb^5+^O_4_","U Fe Y Nb O","IMA2022 s.p."," ",5118,"Columbite","monoclinic",,"U^4+ Fe^2+ Y Nb^5+ O","Ikw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Iskandarovite","Iskandarovite","Sb3+6O7(S6+O4)2","Sb6O7(SO4)2","Sb_6_O_7_(SO_4_)_2_","Sb^3+^_6_O_7_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Sb O S","IMA2022-034"," ",7259,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Ccc2","Sb^3+ O S^6+","Iska","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Isoclasite","Isoclasite","Ca2PO4(OH)·2H2O","Ca2(PO4)(OH)·2H2O","Ca_2_(PO_4_)(OH)·2H_2_O","Ca_2_PO_4_(OH)·2H_2_O","Ca P O H"," "," ",5397," ",,,"Ca P O H","Icl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Isocubanite","Isocubanite","Cu1+Fe2+Fe3+S2-3","CuFe2S3","CuFe_2_S_3_","Cu^1+^Fe^2+^Fe^3+^S^2-^_3_","Cu Fe S","IMA1983 s.p."," ",2489,"Cubanite, Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Icb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM28 - Photo-alteration, pre-biotic, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Isoferroplatinum","Isoferroplatinum","Pt3Fe","Pt3Fe","Pt_3_Fe","Pt_3_Fe","Pt Fe","IMA1974-012a"," ",2490,"Auricupride, Perovskite","cubic","Pm3m","Pt Fe","Ifpt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Isokite","Isokite","CaMgPO4F","CaMg(PO4)F","CaMg(PO_4_)F","CaMgPO_4_F","Ca Mg P O F"," "," ",2491,"Titanite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mg P O F","Iso","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Isolueshite","Isolueshite","NaNb5+O3","NaNbO3","NaNbO_3_","NaNb^5+^O_3_","Na Nb O","IMA1995-024"," ",2492,"Perovskite","orthorhombic, cubic","Cmcm, Pm3m, Pm3m","Na Nb^5+ O","Isl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Isomertieite","Isomertieite","Pd11Sb2As2","Pd11Sb2As2","Pd_11_Sb_2_As_2_","Pd_11_Sb_2_As_2_","Pd Sb As","IMA1973-057"," ",2493,"Isomertieite","cubic","Fd3m","Pd Sb As","Ism","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Isovite","Isovite","(Cr,Fe)23C6","(Cr,Fe)23C6","(Cr,Fe)_23_C_6_","(Cr,Fe)_23_C_6_","Cr Fe C","IMA1996-039"," ",2494,"Haxonite","cubic","Fm3m","Cr Fe C","Isv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Isselite","Isselite","Cu2+6(S6+O4)(OH)10(H2O)4·H2O","Cu6(SO4)(OH)10(H2O)4·H2O","Cu_6_(SO_4_)(OH)_10_(H_2_O)_4_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_10_(H_2_O)_4_·H_2_O","Cu S O H","IMA2018-139"," ",6870,"Guarinoite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Iss","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Itelmenite","Itelmenite","Na2Cu2+Mg2(S6+O4)4","Na2CuMg2(SO4)4","Na_2_CuMg_2_(SO_4_)_4_","Na_2_Cu^2+^Mg_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_","Na Cu Mg S O","IMA2015-047"," ",6448,"Itelmenite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Na Cu^2+ Mg S^6+ O","Itm","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Itoigawaite","Itoigawaite","SrAl2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O","SrAl2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O","SrAl_2_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","SrAl_2_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Sr Al Si O H","IMA1998-034"," ",2495,"Lawsonite","monoclinic","P21/m","Sr Al Si O H","Ito","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Itoite","Itoite","Pb2+3GeO2(S6+O4)2(OH)2","Pb3GeO2(SO4)2(OH)2","Pb_3_GeO_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_3_GeO_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb Ge O S H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2496," ","orthorhombic",,"Pb^2+ Ge O S^6+ H","It","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Itsiite","Itsiite","Ba2Ca(BSi2O7)2","Ba2Ca(BSi2O7)2","Ba_2_Ca(BSi_2_O_7_)_2_","Ba_2_Ca(BSi_2_O_7_)_2_","Ba Ca B Si O","IMA2013-085"," ",6244,"Hyalotekite","tetragonal","I42m","Ba Ca B Si O","Its","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ivanyukite-Cu","Ivanyukite-Cu","Cu2+Ti4+4(SiO4)3O2(OH)2·7H2O","Cu[Ti4O2(OH)2(SiO4)3]·7H2O","Cu[Ti_4_O_2_(OH)_2_(SiO_4_)_3_]·7H_2_O","Cu^2+^Ti^4+^_4_(SiO_4_)_3_O_2_(OH)_2_·7H_2_O","Cu Ti O H Si","IMA2007-043"," ",5645,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic","P43m","Cu^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Iv-Cu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ivanyukite-K","Ivanyukite-K","K2Ti4+4(SiO4)3O2(OH)2·9H2O","K2[Ti4O2(OH)2(SiO4)3]·9H2O","K_2_[Ti_4_O_2_(OH)_2_(SiO_4_)_3_]·9H_2_O","K_2_Ti^4+^_4_(SiO_4_)_3_O_2_(OH)_2_·9H_2_O","K Ti O H Si","IMA2007-042"," ",5644,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic","P43m","K Ti^4+ Si O H","Iv-K","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ivanyukite-Na","Ivanyukite-Na","Na2Ti4+4(SiO4)3O2(OH)2·6H2O","Na2[Ti4O2(OH)2(SiO4)3]·6H2O","Na_2_[Ti_4_O_2_(OH)_2_(SiO_4_)_3_]·6H_2_O","Na_2_Ti^4+^_4_(SiO_4_)_3_O_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Na Ti O H Si","IMA2007-041"," ",5643,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic, hexagonal","P43m, R3m","Na Ti^4+ Si O H","Iv-Na","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ivsite","Ivsite","Na3H(S6+O4)2","Na3H(SO4)2","Na_3_H(SO_4_)_2_","Na_3_H(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Na H S O","IMA2013-138"," ",6296," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na H S^6+ O","Ivs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Iwashiroite-(Y)","Iwashiroite-(Y)","YTa5+O4","YTaO4","YTaO_4_","YTa^5+^O_4_","Y Ta O","IMA2003-053"," ",5254,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P2/a","Y Ta^5+ O","Iwa-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Iwateite","Iwateite","Na2BaMn2+(PO4)2","Na2BaMn(PO4)2","Na_2_BaMn(PO_4_)_2_","Na_2_BaMn^2+^(PO_4_)_2_","Na Ba Mn P O","IMA2013-034"," ",6199,"Aphthitalite","hexagonal","P3","Na Ba Mn^2+ P O","Iw","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Ixiolite-(Fe2+)","Ixiolite-(Fe2+)","(Ta5+2/3Fe2+1/3)O2","(Ta2/3Fe2+1/3)O2","(Ta_2/3_Fe^2+^_1/3_)O_2_","(Ta^5+^_2/3_Fe^2+^_1/3_)O_2_","Ta Fe O","IMA2022 s.p."," ",7261,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pcan","Ta^5+ Fe^2+ O","Ix-Fe^2+^",,"No" +"Ixiolite-(Mn2+)","Ixiolite-(Mn2+)","(Ta5+2/3Mn2+1/3)O2","(Ta2/3Mn2+1/3)O2","(Ta_2/3_Mn^2+^_1/3_)O_2_","(Ta^5+^_2/3_Mn^2+^_1/3_)O_2_","Ta Mn O","IMA2022 s.p."," ",2498,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Ta^5+ Mn^2+ O","Ix-Mn^2+^","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Iyoite","Iyoite","Mn2+Cu2+Cl(OH)3","MnCuCl(OH)3","MnCuCl(OH)_3_","Mn^2+^Cu^2+^Cl(OH)_3_","Mn Cu Cl O H","IMA2013-130"," ",6289,"Atacamite","monoclinic","P21/m","Mn^2+ Cu^2+ Cl O H","Iy","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Izoklakeite","Izoklakeite","Pb2+26.4(Cu1+,Fe2+)2(Sb3+,Bi3+)19.6S2-57","Pb26.4(Cu,Fe)2(Sb,Bi)19.6S57","Pb_26.4_(Cu,Fe)_2_(Sb,Bi)_19.6_S_57_","Pb^2+^_26.4_(Cu^1+^,Fe^2+^)_2_(Sb^3+^,Bi^3+^)_19.6_S^2-^_57_","Pb Cu Fe Sb Bi S","IMA1983-065"," ",2499,"Kobellite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Pb^2+ Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Sb^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Iz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Jáchymovite","Jachymovite","(U6+O2)8(S6+O4)(OH)14·13H2O","(UO2)8(SO4)(OH)14·13H2O","(UO_2_)_8_(SO_4_)(OH)_14_·13H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)_8_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_14_·13H_2_O","U O S H","IMA1994-025"," ",2500," ","monoclinic",,"U^6+ O S^6+ H","Jác","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Jacobsite","Jacobsite","Mn2+Fe3+2O4","Mn2+Fe3+2O4","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_O_4_","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_O_4_","Mn Fe O","IMA1982 s.p."," ",2501,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ O","Jcb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Jacquesdietrichite","Jacquesdietrichite","Cu2+2BO(OH)5","Cu2BO(OH)5","Cu_2_BO(OH)_5_","Cu^2+^_2_BO(OH)_5_","Cu B O H","IMA2003-012"," ",5227," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^2+ B O H","Jdt","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Jacutingaite","Jacutingaite","Pt2HgSe3","Pt2HgSe3","Pt_2_HgSe_3_","Pt_2_HgSe_3_","Pt Hg Se","IMA2010-078"," ",5917,"Jacutingaite","hexagonal","P3m1","Pt Hg Se","Jac","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Jadarite","Jadarite","LiNaB3SiO7(OH)","LiNaB3SiO7(OH)","LiNaB_3_SiO_7_(OH)","LiNaB_3_SiO_7_(OH)","Li Na B Si O H","IMA2006-036"," ",5537," ","monoclinic","P21/n, P21/c","Li Na B Si O H","Jad","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Jadeite","Jadeite","NaAlSi2O6","NaAlSi2O6","NaAlSi_2_O_6_","NaAlSi_2_O_6_","Na Al Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",2502,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Al Si O","Jd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Jaffeite","Jaffeite","Ca6Si2O7(OH)6","Ca6Si2O7(OH)6","Ca_6_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_6_","Ca_6_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_6_","Ca Si O H","IMA1987-056"," ",2503," ","hexagonal","P3","Ca Si O H","Jaf","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Jagoite","Jagoite","Pb2+9Fe3+2[Si2(Si,Fe3+)3][Pb2+2Si8(Si,Fe3+)2]O41Cl3","Pb18Fe3+4[Si4(Si,Fe3+)6][Pb4Si16(Si,Fe)4]O82Cl6","Pb_18_Fe^3+^_4_[Si_4_(Si,Fe^3+^)_6_][Pb_4_Si_16_(Si,Fe)_4_]O_82_Cl_6_","Pb^2+^_9_Fe^3+^_2_[Si_2_(Si,Fe^3+^)_3_][Pb^2+^_2_Si_8_(Si,Fe^3+^)_2_]O_41_Cl_3_","Pb Fe Si O Cl"," "," ",2504," ","hexagonal","P62c","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Si O Cl","Jg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Jagowerite","Jagowerite","BaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2","BaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2","BaAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","BaAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Ba Al P O H","IMA1973-001"," ",2505," ","triclinic","P1","Ba Al P O H","Jgw","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Jagüéite","Jagueite","Cu1+2Pd2+3Se2-4","Cu2Pd3Se4","Cu_2_Pd_3_Se_4_","Cu^1+^_2_Pd^2+^_3_Se^2-^_4_","Cu Pd Se","IMA2002-060"," ",5209,"Chrisstanleyite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^1+ Pd^2+ Se^2-","Jag","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Jahnsite-(CaFeMg)","Jahnsite-(CaFeMg)","CaFe2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaFe2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaFe^2+^Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","CaFe^2+^Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca Fe Mg P O H","IMA2013-111"," ",6269,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Fe^2+ Mg Fe^3+ P O H","Jah-CaFeMg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Jahnsite-(CaMnFe)","Jahnsite-(CaMnFe)","CaMn2+Fe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMn2+Fe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMn^2+^Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","CaMn^2+^Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca Mn Fe P O H","IMA1978 s.p."," ",2506,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Jah-CaMnFe","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)","Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)","CaMn2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMn2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMn^2+^Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","CaMn^2+^Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca Mn Mg Fe P O H","IMA1973-022"," ",2507,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Mn^2+ Mg Fe^3+ P O H","Jah-CaMnMg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)","Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)","CaMn2+Mn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMn2+Mn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","CaMn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca Mn Fe P O H","IMA1987-020a"," ",2508,"Jahnsite","monoclinic",,"Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Jah-CaMnMn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Jahnsite-(CaMnZn)","Jahnsite-(CaMnZn)","CaMn2+Zn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMn2+Zn2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMn^2+^Zn_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","CaMn^2+^Zn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca Mn Zn Fe P O H","IMA2019-073"," ",6959,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Mn^2+ Zn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Jah-CaMnZn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Jahnsite-(MnMnFe)","Jahnsite-(MnMnFe)","Mn2+Mn2+Fe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Mn2+Fe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Fe P O H","IMA2018-096"," ",6826,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Jah-MnMnFe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Jahnsite-(MnMnMg)","Jahnsite-(MnMnMg)","Mn2+Mn2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Mn2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Mg Fe P O H","IMA2017-118"," ",6763,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Mn^2+ Mg Fe^3+ P O H","Jah-MnMnMg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Jahnsite-(MnMnMn)","Jahnsite-(MnMnMn)","Mn2+Mn2+Mn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Mn2+Mn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Fe P O H","IMA1978 s.p."," ",2509,"Jahnsite",,,"Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Jah-MnMnMn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Jahnsite-(MnMnZn)","Jahnsite-(MnMnZn)","Mn2+Mn2+Zn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Mn2+Zn2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Zn_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Zn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Zn Fe P O H","IMA2017-113"," ",6739,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Mn^2+ Zn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Jah-MnMnZn","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Jahnsite-(NaFeMg)","Jahnsite-(NaFeMg)","NaFe3+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","NaFe3+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","NaFe^3+^Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","NaFe^3+^Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Na Fe Mg P O H","IMA2007-016"," ",5586,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Na Fe^3+ Mg P O H","Jah-NaFeMg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Jahnsite-(NaMnMg)","Jahnsite-(NaMnMg)","(Na,Ca)(Mn2+,Fe3+)(Mg,Fe3+)2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2(H2O)8","(Na,Ca)(Mn2+,Fe3+)(Mg,Fe3+)2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2(H2O)8","(Na,Ca)(Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^)(Mg,Fe^3+^)_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_8_","(Na,Ca)(Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^)(Mg,Fe^3+^)_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_8_","Na Ca Mn Fe Mg P O H","IMA2018-017"," ",6760,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Na Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Mg P O H","Jah-NaMnMg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Jahnsite-(NaMnMn)","Jahnsite-(NaMnMn)","NaMn2+(Mn2+Fe3+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","NaMn2+(Mn2+Fe3+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","NaMn^2+^(Mn^2+^Fe^3+^)Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","NaMn^2+^(Mn^2+^Fe^3+^)Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Na Mn Fe P O H","IMA2019-051"," ",6957,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Na Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Jah-NaMnMn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Jaipurite","Jaipurite","CoS","CoS","CoS","CoS","Co S"," "," ",5398,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63mc, P63/mmc","Co S","Jai","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Jakobssonite","Jakobssonite","CaAlF5","CaAlF5","CaAlF_5_","CaAlF_5_","Ca Al F","IMA2011-036"," ",5963,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Al F","Jak","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Jalpaite","Jalpaite","Ag1+3Cu1+S2-2","Ag3CuS2","Ag_3_CuS_2_","Ag^1+^_3_Cu^1+^S^2-^_2_","Ag Cu S"," "," ",2510,"Jalpaite","tetragonal","I41/amd","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ S^2-","Jal","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Jamborite","Jamborite","Ni2+1-xCo3+x(OH)2-x(S6+O4)x·nH2O [x ≤ 1/3; n ≤ (1-x)]","Ni2+1-xCo3+x(OH)2-x(SO4)x·nH2O [x ≤ 1/3 n; ≤ (1-x)]","Ni^2+^_1-x_Co^3+^_x_(OH)_2-x_(SO_4_)_x_·nH_2_O [x ≤ 1/3 n; ≤ (1-x)]","Ni^2+^_1-x_Co^3+^_x_(OH)_2-x_(S^6+^O_4_)_x_·nH_2_O [x ≤ 1/3; n ≤ (1-x)]","Ni Co O H S","IMA1971-037, IMA2014 s.p."," ",2511,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Ni^2+ Co^3+ O H S^6+","Jbr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Jamesite","Jamesite","Pb2+2Zn2+Fe3+2(Fe3+,Zn2+)4(As5+O4)4(OH)8(OH,O)2","Pb2ZnFe3+2(Fe3+,Zn)4(AsO4)4(OH)8(OH,O)2","Pb_2_ZnFe^3+^_2_(Fe^3+^,Zn)_4_(AsO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_(OH,O)_2_","Pb^2+^_2_Zn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(Fe^3+^,Zn^2+^)_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_8_(OH,O)_2_","Pb Zn Fe As O H","IMA1978-079"," ",2512,"Jamesite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Jms","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Jamesonite","Jamesonite","Pb2+4Fe2+Sb3+6S2-14","Pb4FeSb6S14","Pb_4_FeSb_6_S_14_","Pb^2+^_4_Fe^2+^Sb^3+^_6_S^2-^_14_","Pb Fe Sb S"," "," ",2513," ","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Pb^2+ Fe^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ja","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Janchevite","Janchevite","Pb2+9V5+O10.25☐0.75Cl2.5","Pb9VO10.25☐0.75Cl2.5","Pb_9_VO_10.25_[box]_0.75_Cl_2.5_","Pb^2+^_9_V^5+^O_10.25_[box]_0.75_Cl_2.5_","Pb V O Cl","IMA2017-079"," ",6709,"Asisite","tetragonal, triclinic","I4/mmm, P1","Pb^2+ V^5+ O Cl","Jan","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Janggunite","Janggunite","(Mn4+,Mn2+,Fe3+)6O8(OH)6","(Mn4+,Mn2+,Fe3+)6O8(OH)6","(Mn^4+^,Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^)_6_O_8_(OH)_6_","(Mn^4+^,Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^)_6_O_8_(OH)_6_","Mn Fe O H","IMA1975-011"," ",2514," ","orthorhombic",,"Mn^4+ Mn^2+ Fe^3+ O H","Jgn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Janhaugite","Janhaugite","Na3Mn2+3Ti4+2(Si2O7)2(O,OH,F)4","Na3Mn2+3Ti2(Si2O7)2(O,OH,F)4","Na_3_Mn^2+^_3_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(O,OH,F)_4_","Na_3_Mn^2+^_3_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(O,OH,F)_4_","Na Mn Ti Si O H F","IMA1981-018"," ",2515,"Wöhlerite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Jhg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Jankovićite","Jankovicite","Tl1+5Sb3+9(As3+,Sb3+)4S2-22","Tl5Sb9(As,Sb)4S22","Tl_5_Sb_9_(As,Sb)_4_S_22_","Tl^1+^_5_Sb^3+^_9_(As^3+^,Sb^3+^)_4_S^2-^_22_","Tl Sb As S","IMA1993-050"," ",2516," ","triclinic","P1","Tl^1+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Jkv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Jarandolite","Jarandolite","CaB3O4(OH)3","CaB3O4(OH)3","CaB_3_O_4_(OH)_3_","CaB_3_O_4_(OH)_3_","Ca B O H","IMA1995-020c"," ",5312," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca B O H","Jdo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Jarlite","Jarlite","Na2(Sr,Na)14(Mg,☐)2Al12F64(OH)4_","Na2(Sr,Na)14(Mg,☐)2Al12F64(OH)4","Na_2_(Sr,Na)_14_(Mg,[box])_2_Al_12_F_64_(OH)_4_","Na_2_(Sr,Na)_14_(Mg,[box])_2_Al_12_F_64_(OH)_4__","Na Sr Mg Al F O H"," "," ",2517,"Jarlite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Sr Mg Al F O H","Jar","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Jarosewichite","Jarosewichite","Mn3+Mn2+3As5+O4(OH)6","Mn3+Mn2+3(AsO4)(OH)6","Mn^3+^Mn^2+^_3_(AsO_4_)(OH)_6_","Mn^3+^Mn^2+^_3_As^5+^O_4_(OH)_6_","Mn As O H","IMA1981-060"," ",2518," ","orthorhombic",,"Mn^3+ Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Jrw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Jarosite","Jarosite","KFe3+3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6","KFe^3+^_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","KFe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","K Fe S O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2519,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","K Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Jrs","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Jaskólskiite","Jaskolskiite","Cu1+0.15Pb2+2.15(Sb3+,Bi3+)1.85S2-5","CuxPb2+x(Sb,Bi)2-xS5 (x ≈ 0.15)","Cu_x_Pb_2+x_(Sb,Bi)_2-x_S_5_ (x ≈ 0.15)","Cu^1+^_0.15_Pb^2+^_2.15_(Sb^3+^,Bi^3+^)_1.85_S^2-^_5_","Cu Pb Sb Bi S","IMA1982-057"," ",2520,"Meneghinite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Jks","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Jasmundite","Jasmundite","Ca11O2(SiO4)4S2-","Ca11O2(SiO4)4S","Ca_11_O_2_(SiO_4_)_4_S","Ca_11_O_2_(SiO_4_)_4_S^2-^","Ca O Si S","IMA1981-047"," ",2521,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I4m2, I4/mmm","Ca O Si S^2-","Jas","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Jasonsmithite","Jasonsmithite","Mn2+4Zn2+Al(PO4)4(OH)(H2O)7·3.5H2O","Mn2+4ZnAl(PO4)4(OH)(H2O)7·3.5H2O","Mn^2+^_4_ZnAl(PO_4_)_4_(OH)(H_2_O)_7_·3.5H_2_O","Mn^2+^_4_Zn^2+^Al(PO_4_)_4_(OH)(H_2_O)_7_·3.5H_2_O","Mn Zn Al P O H","IMA2019-121"," ",7004,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ Zn^2+ Al P O H","Jsm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Jasrouxite","Jasrouxite","Ag1+16Pb2+4(Sb3+25As3+15)S2-72","Ag16Pb4(Sb25As15)Σ40S72","Ag_16_Pb_4_(Sb_25_As_15_)_Σ40_S_72_","Ag^1+^_16_Pb^2+^_4_(Sb^3+^_25_As^3+^_15_)S^2-^_72_","Ag Pb Sb As S","IMA2012-058"," ",6114,"Lillianite","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Jrx","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Jaszczakite","Jaszczakite","[Bi3S3][AuS2]","[Bi3S3][AuS2]","[Bi_3_S_3_][AuS_2_]","[Bi_3_S_3_][AuS_2_]","Bi S Au","IMA2016-077"," ",6603,"Buckhornite","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Bi S Au","Jzz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Javorieite","Javorieite","KFe2+Cl3","KFeCl3","KFeCl_3_","KFe^2+^Cl_3_","K Fe Cl","IMA2016-020"," ",6548," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","K Fe^2+ Cl","Jav","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Jeanbandyite","Jeanbandyite","Fe3+Sn4+(OH)5O","Fe3+Sn(OH)5O","Fe^3+^Sn(OH)_5_O","Fe^3+^Sn^4+^(OH)_5_O","Fe Sn O H","IMA1980-043"," ",2522,"Perovskite","tetragonal, cubic","P42/n, Pn3","Fe^3+ Sn^4+ O H","Jbd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Jeankempite","Jeankempite","Ca5(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2(H2O)7","Ca5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2(H2O)7","Ca_5_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_7_","Ca_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_7_","Ca As O H","IMA2018-090"," ",6819," ","triclinic","P1","Ca As^5+ O H","Jkp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Jedwabite","Jedwabite","Fe7Ta3","Fe7Ta3","Fe_7_Ta_3_","Fe_7_Ta_3_","Fe Ta","IMA1995-043"," ",2523," ","hexagonal",,"Fe Ta","Jed","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Jeffbenite","Jeffbenite","Mg3Al2Si3O12","Mg3Al2Si3O12","Mg_3_Al_2_Si_3_O_12_","Mg_3_Al_2_Si_3_O_12_","Mg Al Si O","IMA2014-097"," ",6395,"Jeffbenite","tetragonal","I42d","Mg Al Si O","Jef","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Jeffreyite","Jeffreyite","(Ca,Na)2(Be,Al)Si2(O,OH)7","(Ca,Na)2(Be,Al)Si2(O,OH)7","(Ca,Na)_2_(Be,Al)Si_2_(O,OH)_7_","(Ca,Na)_2_(Be,Al)Si_2_(O,OH)_7_","Ca Na Be Al Si O H","IMA1982-095"," ",2524,"Melilite","orthorhombic","C2221","Ca Na Be Al Si O H","Jfy","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Jennite","Jennite","Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)6·8H2O","Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)6·8H2O","Ca_9_(Si_3_O_9_)_2_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O","Ca_9_(Si_3_O_9_)_2_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O","Ca Si O H","IMA1965-021"," ",2525," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Si O H","Jnn","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Jensenite","Jensenite","Cu2+3Te6+O6·2H2O","Cu2+3Te6+O6·2H2O","Cu^2+^_3_Te^6+^O_6_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_Te^6+^O_6_·2H_2_O","Cu Te O H","IMA1994-043"," ",2526," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H","Jen","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Jentschite","Jentschite","Pb2+Tl1+As3+2Sb3+S2-6","TlPbAs2SbS6","TlPbAs_2_SbS_6_","Pb^2+^Tl^1+^As^3+^_2_Sb^3+^S^2-^_6_","Tl Pb As Sb S","IMA1993-025"," ",2527," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Jts","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Jeppeite","Jeppeite","(K,Ba)2(Ti4+,Fe3+)6O13","(K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe3+)6O13","(K,Ba)_2_(Ti,Fe^3+^)_6_O_13_","(K,Ba)_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_6_O_13_","K Ba Ti Fe O","IMA1980-080"," ",2528,"Jeppeite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Ba Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O","Jep","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Jeremejevite","Jeremejevite","Al6(BO3)5F3","Al6(BO3)5F3","Al_6_(BO_3_)_5_F_3_","Al_6_(BO_3_)_5_F_3_","Al B O F"," "," ",2529," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Al B O F","Jer","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Jerrygibbsite","Jerrygibbsite","Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2","Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2","Mn^2+^_9_(SiO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^_9_(SiO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Mn Si O H","IMA1981-059"," ",2531,"Humite","orthorhombic","Pbn21","Mn^2+ Si O H","Jgb","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Jervisite","Jervisite","NaScSi2O6","NaSc3+Si2O6","NaSc^3+^Si_2_O_6_","NaScSi_2_O_6_","Na Sc Si O","IMA1980-012"," ",2532,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Sc Si O","Je","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ježekite","Jezekite","Na8(U6+O2)(CO3)3(S6+O4)2·3H2O","Na8[(UO2)(CO3)3](SO4)2·3H2O","Na_8_[(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_](SO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Na_8_(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Na U O C S H","IMA2014-079"," ",6377,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P62m","Na U^6+ O C S^6+ H","Jež","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Jianmuite","Jianmuite","ZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16","ZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16","ZrTi^4+^Ti^3+^_5_Al_3_O_16_","ZrTi^4+^Ti^3+^_5_Al_3_O_16_","Zr Ti Al O","IMA2023-057"," ",7401,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I4","Zr Ti^4+ Ti^3+ Al O","Jmu",,"No" +"Jianshuiite","Jianshuiite","MgMn4+3O7·3H2O","MgMn4+3O7·3H2O","MgMn^4+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O","MgMn^4+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O","Mg Mn O H","IMA1990-019"," ",2533," ","triclinic","P1","Mg Mn^4+ O H","Jia","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Jimboite","Jimboite","Mn2+3(BO3)2","Mn2+3(BO3)2","Mn^2+^_3_(BO_3_)_2_","Mn^2+^_3_(BO_3_)_2_","Mn B O","IMA1963-002"," ",2534," ","orthorhombic","Pnmn","Mn^2+ B O","Jbo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Jimkrieghite","Jimkrieghite","Ca(C2H3O3)1-2","Ca(C2H3O3)2","Ca(C_2_H_3_O_3_)_2_","Ca(C_2_H_3_O_3_)^1-^_2_","Ca C H O","IMA2022-138"," ",7312,"Glycolate","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ca C H O","Jkg","Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Jimthompsonite","Jimthompsonite","Mg5Si6O16(OH)2","Mg5Si6O16(OH)2","Mg_5_Si_6_O_16_(OH)_2_","Mg_5_Si_6_O_16_(OH)_2_","Mg Si O H","IMA1977-011"," ",2535," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Mg Si O H","Jim","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Jingsuiite","Jingsuiite","TiB2","TiB2","TiB_2_","TiB_2_","Ti B","IMA2018-117b"," ",6955," ","hexagonal","P6/mmm","Ti B","Ji","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Jingwenite-(Y)","Jingwenite-(Y)","YAlV4+(SiO4)O2(OH)2","YAlV4+(SiO4)O2(OH)2","YAlV^4+^(SiO_4_)O_2_(OH)_2_","YAlV^4+^(SiO_4_)O_2_(OH)_2_","Y Al V Si O H","IMA2021-070"," ",7177,"Jingwenite","monoclinic","I2/a","Y Al V^4+ Si O H","Jw-Y","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Jinshajiangite","Jinshajiangite","BaNaFe2+4Ti4+2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F","BaNaFe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F","BaNaFe^2+^_4_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_F","BaNaFe^2+^_4_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_F","Ba Na Fe Ti Si O H F","IMA1981-061"," ",2536,"Seidozerite-Bafertisite","monoclinic","C2, C2/m, P2/m","Ba Na Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Jsh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Joanneumite","Joanneumite","Cu(C3N3O3H2)2(N3-H3)2","Cu(C3N3O3H2)2(NH3)2","Cu(C_3_N_3_O_3_H_2_)_2_(NH_3_)_2_","Cu(C_3_N_3_O_3_H_2_)_2_(N^3-^H_3_)_2_","Cu C N O H","IMA2012-001"," ",6067,"Not in a structural group",,,"Cu C N O H N^3-","Joa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Joaquinite-(Ce)","Joaquinite-(Ce)","NaBa2Fe2+Ti4+2Ce3+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)·H2O","NaBa2Fe2+Ti2Ce2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)·H2O","NaBa_2_Fe^2+^Ti_2_Ce_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)·H_2_O","NaBa_2_Fe^2+^Ti^4+^_2_Ce^3+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Na Ba Fe Ti Ce Si O H","IMA2001 s.p."," ",2538,"Joaquinite","monoclinic","C2","Na Ba Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Ce^3+ Si O H","Jq-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Joegoldsteinite","Joegoldsteinite","Mn2+Cr3+2S2-4","MnCr2S4","MnCr_2_S_4_","Mn^2+^Cr^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Mn Cr S","IMA2015-049"," ",6449,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Mn^2+ Cr^3+ S^2-","Jgs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Joëlbruggerite","Joelbruggerite","Pb2+3Zn2+3Sb5+As5+2O13(OH)","Pb3Zn3Sb5+As2O13(OH)","Pb_3_Zn_3_Sb^5+^As_2_O_13_(OH)","Pb^2+^_3_Zn^2+^_3_Sb^5+^As^5+^_2_O_13_(OH)","Pb Zn Sb As O H","IMA2008-034"," ",5694,"Dugganite","hexagonal","P321","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Sb^5+ As^5+ O H","Jbg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Joesmithite","Joesmithite","Pb2+Ca2Mg3Fe3+2(Si6Be2)O22(OH)2","Pb2+Ca2(Mg3Fe3+2)(Si6Be2)O22(OH)2","Pb^2+^Ca_2_(Mg_3_Fe^3+^_2_)(Si_6_Be_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^Ca_2_Mg_3_Fe^3+^_2_(Si_6_Be_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Pb Ca Mg Fe Si Be O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",2539,"Amphibole","monoclinic","P2/a","Pb^2+ Ca Mg Fe^3+ Si Be O H","Joe","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Johachidolite","Johachidolite","CaAlB3O7","CaAlB3O7","CaAlB_3_O_7_","CaAlB_3_O_7_","Ca Al B O","IMA1977 s.p."," ",2540," ","orthorhombic","Cmma","Ca Al B O","Jhd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Johanngeorgenstadtite","Johanngeorgenstadtite","Ni2+4.5(As5+O4)3","Ni2+4.5(AsO4)3","Ni^2+^_4.5_(AsO_4_)_3_","Ni^2+^_4.5_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Ni As O","IMA2019-122"," ",7005,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ni^2+ As^5+ O","Jgg","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Johannite","Johannite","Cu2+(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Cu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Cu(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Cu^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Cu U O S H"," "," ",2541,"Johannite","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ U^6+ O S^6+ H","Jh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Johannsenite","Johannsenite","CaMn2+Si2O6","CaMnSi2O6","CaMnSi_2_O_6_","CaMn^2+^Si_2_O_6_","Ca Mn Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",2542,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mn^2+ Si O","Jhn","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Johillerite","Johillerite","NaCu2+MgMg2(As5+O4)3","NaCuMgMg2(AsO4)3","NaCuMgMg_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","NaCu^2+^MgMg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Cu Mg As O","IMA1980-014"," ",2543,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","I2/a, C2/c","Na Cu^2+ Mg As^5+ O","Jhl","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Johnbaumite","Johnbaumite","Ca5(As5+O4)3OH","Ca5(AsO4)3(OH)","Ca_5_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)","Ca_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_OH","Ca As O H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",2544,"Apatite","hexagonal, monoclinic","P63/m, P21/m","Ca As^5+ O H","Jbm","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Johninnesite","Johninnesite","Na2Mn2+9Mg7(As5+O4)2(Si6O17)2(OH)8","Na2Mn2+9Mg7(AsO4)2(Si6O17)2(OH)8","Na_2_Mn^2+^_9_Mg_7_(AsO_4_)_2_(Si_6_O_17_)_2_(OH)_8_","Na_2_Mn^2+^_9_Mg_7_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(Si_6_O_17_)_2_(OH)_8_","Na Mn Mg As O Si H","IMA1985-046"," ",2545," ","triclinic","P1","Na Mn^2+ Mg As^5+ O Si H","Jin","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Johnjamborite","Johnjamborite","Pb2+14Sb3+8.5As3+7.5S2-38","Pb14Sb8.5As7.5S38","Pb_14_Sb_8.5_As_7.5_S_38_","Pb^2+^_14_Sb^3+^_8.5_As^3+^_7.5_S^2-^_38_","Pb Sb As S","IMA2024-077"," ",7526,"Sartorite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Jjb",,"No" +"Johnkoivulaite","Johnkoivulaite","Cs[Be2B]Mg2Si6O18","Cs[Be2B]Mg2Si6O18","Cs[Be_2_B]Mg_2_Si_6_O_18_","Cs[Be_2_B]Mg_2_Si_6_O_18_","Cs Be B Mg Si O","IMA2019-046"," ",6934,"Beryl","hexagonal","P6/mcc","Cs Be B Mg Si O","Joh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Johnsenite-(Ce)","Johnsenite-(Ce)","Na12Ce3+3Ca6Mn2+3Zr4+3W6+Si25O73(CO3)(OH)2","Na12Ce3Ca6Mn3Zr3WSi25O73(CO3)(OH)2","Na_12_Ce_3_Ca_6_Mn_3_Zr_3_WSi_25_O_73_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Na_12_Ce^3+^_3_Ca_6_Mn^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_W^6+^Si_25_O_73_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Na Ce Ca Mn Zr W Si O C H","IMA2004-026"," ",5283,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ce^3+ Ca Mn^2+ Zr^4+ W^6+ Si O C H","Jsn-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Johnsomervilleite","Johnsomervilleite","Na3CaFe2+11(PO4)9","Na3CaFe2+11(PO4)9","Na_3_CaFe^2+^_11_(PO_4_)_9_","Na_3_CaFe^2+^_11_(PO_4_)_9_","Na Ca Fe P O","IMA1979-032"," ",2546,"Fillowite","hexagonal",,"Na Ca Fe^2+ P O","Jsv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Johntomaite","Johntomaite","BaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3","BaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3","BaFe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","BaFe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Ba Fe P O H","IMA1999-009"," ",2547,"Bjarebyite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ba Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Jtm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Johnwalkite","Johnwalkite","K(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(Nb5+,Ta5+)O2(PO4)2·2(H2O,OH)","K(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(Nb,Ta)O2(PO4)2·2(H2O,OH)","K(Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^)_2_(Nb,Ta)O_2_(PO_4_)_2_·2(H_2_O,OH)","K(Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^)_2_(Nb^5+^,Ta^5+^)O_2_(PO_4_)_2_·2(H_2_O,OH)","K Mn Fe Nb Ta O P H","IMA1985-008"," ",2548," ","orthorhombic","Pb21m","K Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Nb^5+ Ta^5+ O P H","Jwk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Jôkokuite","Jokokuite","Mn2+S6+O4·5H2O","Mn2+(SO4)·5H2O","Mn^2+^(SO_4_)·5H_2_O","Mn^2+^S^6+^O_4_·5H_2_O","Mn S O H","IMA1976-045"," ",2549,"Chalcanthite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ S^6+ O H","Jôk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Joliotite","Joliotite","(U6+O2)(CO3)·2H2O","(UO2)(CO3)·2H2O","(UO_2_)(CO_3_)·2H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)·2H_2_O","U O C H","IMA1974-014"," ",5119,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic",,"U^6+ O C H","Jol","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Jolliffeite","Jolliffeite","Ni3+(AsSe)3-","NiAsSe","NiAsSe","Ni^3+^(AsSe)^3-^","Ni As Se","IMA1989-011"," ",2550,"Ullmannite","cubic","P213","Ni^3+ As Se","Jlf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Jonassonite","Jonassonite","Au(Bi,Pb)5S4","Au(Bi,Pb)5S4","Au(Bi,Pb)_5_S_4_","Au(Bi,Pb)_5_S_4_","Au Bi Pb S","IMA2004-031"," ",5399,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic",,"Au Bi Pb S","Jo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Jonesite","Jonesite","KBa2Ti4+2(Si5Al)O18·nH2O","KBa2Ti2(Si5Al)O18·nH2O","KBa_2_Ti_2_(Si_5_Al)O_18_·nH_2_O","KBa_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_5_Al)O_18_·nH_2_O","K Ba Ti Si Al O H","IMA1976-040"," ",2551,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/m","K Ba Ti^4+ Si Al O H","Jon","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Jonlarsenite","Jonlarsenite","Al4Cu9","Al4Cu9","Al_4_Cu_9_","Al_4_Cu_9_","Al Cu","IMA2024-078a"," ",7585," ","cubic","P43m","Al Cu","Jlr",,"No" +"Joosteite","Joosteite","Mn2+Mn3+O(PO4)","Mn2+Mn3+O(PO4)","Mn^2+^Mn^3+^O(PO_4_)","Mn^2+^Mn^3+^O(PO_4_)","Mn O P","IMA2005-013"," ",5400,"Wagnerite","monoclinic","I2/a","Mn^2+ Mn^3+ O P","Joo","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Jordanite","Jordanite","Pb2+14As3+6S2-23","Pb14As6S23","Pb_14_As_6_S_23_","Pb^2+^_14_As^3+^_6_S^2-^_23_","Pb As S"," "," ",2552,"Geocronite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Jrd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Jordisite","Jordisite","Mo4+S2-2","MoS2","MoS_2_","Mo^4+^S^2-^_2_","Mo S"," "," ",2553,"Amorphous",,,"Mo^4+ S^2-","Jds","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Jørgensenite","Jorgensenite","Na2Sr14Na2Al12F64(OH)4","Na2Sr14Na2Al12F64(OH)4","Na_2_Sr_14_Na_2_Al_12_F_64_(OH)_4_","Na_2_Sr_14_Na_2_Al_12_F_64_(OH)_4_","Na Sr Al F O H","IMA1995-046"," ",2554,"Jarlite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Sr Al F O H","Jør","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Jörgkellerite","Jorgkellerite","(Na,☐)3Mn3+3(PO4)2(CO3)(O,OH)2·5H2O","Na3Mn3+3(PO4)2(CO3)O2·5H2O","Na_3_Mn^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(CO_3_)O_2_·5H_2_O","(Na,[box])_3_Mn^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(CO_3_)(O,OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Na Mn P O C H","IMA2015-020"," ",6424,"Jorgkellerite","hexagonal","P3","Na Mn^3+ P O C H","Jgk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Joséite-A","Joseite-A","Bi4TeS2","Bi4TeS2","Bi_4_TeS_2_","Bi_4_TeS_2_","Bi Te S"," "," ",2555,"Tetradymite",,,"Bi Te S","Js-A","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Joséite-B","Joseite-B","Bi4Te2S","Bi4Te2S","Bi_4_Te_2_S","Bi_4_Te_2_S","Bi Te S"," "," ",2556,"Tetradymite",,,"Bi Te S","Js-B","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Joteite","Joteite","Ca2Cu2+Al(As5+O4)[As5+O3(OH)]2(OH)2·5H2O","Ca2CuAl(AsO4)[AsO3(OH)]2(OH)2·5H2O","Ca_2_CuAl(AsO_4_)[AsO_3_(OH)]_2_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca_2_Cu^2+^Al(As^5+^O_4_)[As^5+^O_3_(OH)]_2_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca Cu Al As O H","IMA2012-091"," ",6154,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O H","Jot","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Jouravskite","Jouravskite","Ca3Mn4+(S6+O4)(CO3)(OH)6·12H2O","Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6·12H2O","Ca_3_Mn^4+^(SO_4_)(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_Mn^4+^(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca Mn S O C H","IMA1965-009"," ",2557,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P63","Ca Mn^4+ S^6+ O C H","Jou","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Juabite","Juabite","CaCu2+10(Te4+O3)4(As5+O4)4(OH)2·4H2O","CaCu10(Te4+O3)4(AsO4)4(OH)2·4H2O","CaCu_10_(Te^4+^O_3_)_4_(AsO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","CaCu^2+^_10_(Te^4+^O_3_)_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Cu Te O As H","IMA1996-001"," ",2558,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca Cu^2+ Te^4+ O As^5+ H","Jua","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Juangodoyite","Juangodoyite","Na2Cu2+(CO3)2","Na2Cu(CO3)2","Na_2_Cu(CO_3_)_2_","Na_2_Cu^2+^(CO_3_)_2_","Na Cu C O","IMA2004-036"," ",5288,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Cu^2+ C O","Jgd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Juanitaite","Juanitaite","(Cu2+,Ca,Fe2+)10Bi3+(As5+O4)4(OH)11·2H2O","(Cu,Ca,Fe)10Bi(AsO4)4(OH)11·2H2O","(Cu,Ca,Fe)_10_Bi(AsO_4_)_4_(OH)_11_·2H_2_O","(Cu^2+^,Ca,Fe^2+^)_10_Bi^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_11_·2H_2_O","Cu Ca Fe Bi As O H","IMA1999-022"," ",2559,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","P42/nnm","Cu^2+ Ca Fe^2+ Bi^3+ As^5+ O H","Jni","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Juanite","Juanite","Ca10(Mg,Fe2+)4(Si,Al)13(O,OH)39·4H2O","Ca10(Mg,Fe2+)4(Si,Al)13(O,OH)39·4H2O (?)","Ca_10_(Mg,Fe^2+^)_4_(Si,Al)_13_(O,OH)_39_·4H_2_O (?)","Ca_10_(Mg,Fe^2+^)_4_(Si,Al)_13_(O,OH)_39_·4H_2_O","Ca Mg Fe Si Al O H"," "," ",5039," ",,,"Ca Mg Fe^2+ Si Al O H","Jn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Juansilvaite","Juansilvaite","Na5Al3[As5+O3(OH)]4[As5+O2(OH)2]2(S6+O4)2·4H2O","Na5Al3[AsO3(OH)]4[AsO2(OH)2]2(SO4)2·4H2O","Na_5_Al_3_[AsO_3_(OH)]_4_[AsO_2_(OH)_2_]_2_(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na_5_Al_3_[As^5+^O_3_(OH)]_4_[As^5+^O_2_(OH)_2_]_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Al As O H S","IMA2015-080"," ",6479,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Al As^5+ O H S^6+","Jsl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Julgoldite-(Fe2+)","Julgoldite-(Fe2+)","Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2·H2O","Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2·H2O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Fe Si O H","IMA1966-033"," ",2560,"Pumpellyite","monoclinic","A2/m","Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Jul-Fe2+","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Julgoldite-(Fe3+)","Julgoldite-(Fe3+)","Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)·H2O","Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)·H2O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^Fe^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)·H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^Fe^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)·H_2_O","Ca Fe Si O H","IMA1972-003a, IMA1973 s.p."," ",5018,"Pumpellyite","monoclinic","A2/m","Ca Fe^3+ Si O H","Jul-Fe3+","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks","No" +"Julgoldite-(Mg)","Julgoldite-(Mg)","Ca2MgFe3+2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)·H2O","Ca2MgFe3+2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2·H2O","Ca_2_MgFe^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_2_MgFe^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)·H_2_O","Ca Mg Fe Si O H","IMA1972-003a, IMA1973 s.p."," ",5021,"Pumpellyite",,,"Ca Mg Fe^3+ Si O H","Jul-Mg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization","No" +"Julienite","Julienite","Na2Co2+(S2-CN3-)4·8H2O","Na2Co(SCN)4·8H2O","Na_2_Co(SCN)_4_·8H_2_O","Na_2_Co^2+^(S^2-^CN^3-^)_4_·8H_2_O","Na Co S C N H O","IMA2007 s.p."," ",5309,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Co^2+ S^2- C N^3- H O","Jln","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Jungite","Jungite","Ca2Zn24Fe3+8(PO4)9(OH)9·16H2O","Ca2Zn4Fe3+8(PO4)9(OH)9·16H2O","Ca_2_Zn_4_Fe^3+^_8_(PO_4_)_9_(OH)_9_·16H_2_O","Ca_2_Zn^2^_4_Fe^3+^_8_(PO_4_)_9_(OH)_9_·16H_2_O","Ca Zn Fe P O H","IMA1977-034"," ",2561,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic",,"Ca Zn Fe^3+ P O H","Jun","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Junitoite","Junitoite","CaZn2+2Si2O7·H2O","CaZn2Si2O7·H2O","CaZn_2_Si_2_O_7_·H_2_O","CaZn^2+^_2_Si_2_O_7_·H_2_O","Ca Zn Si O H","IMA1975-042"," ",2562,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Aba2, Ama2","Ca Zn^2+ Si O H","Jit","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Junoite","Junoite","Cu1+2Pb2+3Bi3+8(S2-,Se2-)16","Cu2Pb3Bi8(S,Se)16","Cu_2_Pb_3_Bi_8_(S,Se)_16_","Cu^1+^_2_Pb^2+^_3_Bi^3+^_8_(S^2-^,Se^2-^)_16_","Cu Pb Bi S Se","IMA1974-011"," ",2563,"Junoite","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2- Se^2-","Jnt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Juonniite","Juonniite","CaMgSc(PO4)2(OH)·4H2O","CaMgSc(PO4)2(OH)·4H2O","CaMgSc(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","CaMgSc(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","Ca Mg Sc P O H","IMA1996-060"," ",2564,"Overite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ca Mg Sc P O H","Juo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Jurbanite","Jurbanite","Al(S6+O4)(OH)·5H2O","Al(SO4)(OH)·5H2O","Al(SO_4_)(OH)·5H_2_O","Al(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·5H_2_O","Al S O H","IMA1974-023"," ",2565,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Al S^6+ O H","Jur","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Jusite","Jusite","Na2Ca15Al4Si16O54·17H2O","Na2Ca15Al4Si16O54·17H2O","Na_2_Ca_15_Al_4_Si_16_O_54_·17H_2_O","Na_2_Ca_15_Al_4_Si_16_O_54_·17H_2_O","Na Ca Al Si O H"," "," ",5505," ",,,"Na Ca Al Si O H","Ju","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Juxingite","Juxingite","Bi6Cu140Fe30S125","Bi6Cu140Fe30S125","Bi_6_Cu_140_Fe_30_S_125_","Bi_6_Cu_140_Fe_30_S_125_","Bi Cu Fe S","IMA2024-011"," ",7491," ","cubic","F43m","Bi Cu Fe S","Jux",,"No" +"Kaatialaite","Kaatialaite","Fe3+[As5+O2(OH)2]3·5H2O","Fe3+[AsO2(OH)2]3·5H2O","Fe^3+^[AsO_2_(OH)_2_]_3_·5H_2_O","Fe^3+^[As^5+^O_2_(OH)_2_]_3_·5H_2_O","Fe As O H","IMA1982-021"," ",2566," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Kaa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kabalovite","Kabalovite","Fe2+3Fe3+4(PO4)6","Fe2+3Fe3+4(PO4)6","Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_6_","Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_6_","Fe P O","IMA2021-117"," ",7221,"Howardevansite","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O","Kbv","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Kadyrelite","Kadyrelite","([Hg1+]2)3OBr3(OH)","([Hg1+]2)3OBr3(OH)","([Hg^1+^]_2_)_3_OBr_3_(OH)","([Hg^1+^]_2_)_3_OBr_3_(OH)","Hg O Br H","IMA1986-042"," ",2567," ","cubic","Ia3d","Hg^1+ O Br H","Kad","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kaersutite","Kaersutite","NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2","NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2","NaCa_2_(Mg_3_AlTi^4+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_O_2_","NaCa_2_(Mg_3_AlTi^4+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_O_2_","Na Ca Mg Al Ti Si O","IMA2012 s.p."," ",2568,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Al Ti^4+ Si O","Krs","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Kahlenbergite","Kahlenbergite","KAl11O17","KAl11O17","KAl_11_O_17_","KAl_11_O_17_","K Al O","IMA2018-158"," ",6883,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","K Al O","Klb","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Kahlerite","Kahlerite","Fe2+(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·12H2O","Fe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2·12H2O","Fe^2+^(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Fe^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Fe U O As H"," "," ",2569," ",,,"Fe^2+ U^6+ O As^5+ H","Kah","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kainite","Kainite","KMg(S6+O4)Cl·2.75H2O","KMg(SO4)Cl·2.75H2O","KMg(SO_4_)Cl·2.75H_2_O","KMg(S^6+^O_4_)Cl·2.75H_2_O","K Mg S O Cl H"," "," ",2570," ","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mg S^6+ O Cl H","Kai","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kainosite-(Y)","Kainosite-(Y)","Ca2Y2(SiO3)4(CO3)·H2O","Ca2Y2(SiO3)4(CO3)·H2O","Ca_2_Y_2_(SiO_3_)_4_(CO_3_)·H_2_O","Ca_2_Y_2_(SiO_3_)_4_(CO_3_)·H_2_O","Ca Y Si O C H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2571," ","orthorhombic","Pmnb","Ca Y Si O C H","Kno-Y","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kainotropite","Kainotropite","Cu2+4Fe3+O2(V5+2O7)(V5+O4)","Cu4Fe3+O2(V2O7)(VO4)","Cu_4_Fe^3+^O_2_(V_2_O_7_)(VO_4_)","Cu^2+^_4_Fe^3+^O_2_(V^5+^_2_O_7_)(V^5+^O_4_)","Cu Fe O V","IMA2015-053"," ",6453,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ O V^5+","Ktr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Kaitianite","Kaitianite","Ti3+2Ti4+O5","Ti3+2Ti4+O5","Ti^3+^_2_Ti^4+^O_5_","Ti^3+^_2_Ti^4+^O_5_","Ti O","IMA2017-078a"," ",6740,"Berdesinskiite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ti^3+ Ti^4+ O","Ktn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Kalborsite","Kalborsite","K6Al4BSi6O20(OH)4Cl","K6Al4BSi6O20(OH)4Cl","K_6_Al_4_BSi_6_O_20_(OH)_4_Cl","K_6_Al_4_BSi_6_O_20_(OH)_4_Cl","K Al B Si O H Cl","IMA1979-033"," ",2572,"Edingtonite","tetragonal","P421c","K Al B Si O H Cl","Kbs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kalgoorlieite","Kalgoorlieite","As2Te3","As2Te3","As_2_Te_3_","As_2_Te_3_","As Te","IMA2015-119"," ",6518," ","monoclinic","C2/m","As Te","Kgl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kaliborite","Kaliborite","KHMg2B12O16(OH)10·4H2O","KHMg2B12O16(OH)10·4H2O","KHMg_2_B_12_O_16_(OH)_10_·4H_2_O","KHMg_2_B_12_O_16_(OH)_10_·4H_2_O","K H Mg B O"," "," ",2573," ","monoclinic","C2/c","K H Mg B O","Kbo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Kalicinite","Kalicinite","KH(CO3)","KH(CO3)","KH(CO_3_)","KH(CO_3_)","K H C O"," "," ",2574," ","monoclinic","P21/a","K H C O","Kcn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Kalifersite","Kalifersite","K5Fe3+7Si20O50(OH)6·12H2O","K5Fe3+7Si20O50(OH)6·12H2O","K_5_Fe^3+^_7_Si_20_O_50_(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","K_5_Fe^3+^_7_Si_20_O_50_(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","K Fe Si O H","IMA1996-007"," ",2575," ","triclinic","P1","K Fe^3+ Si O H","Klf","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kalininite","Kalininite","Zn2+Cr3+2S2-4","ZnCr2S4","ZnCr_2_S_4_","Zn^2+^Cr^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Zn Cr S","IMA1984-028"," ",2576,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Zn^2+ Cr^3+ S^2-","Kal","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Kalinite","Kalinite","KAl(S6+O4)2·11H2O","KAl(SO4)2·11H2O","KAl(SO_4_)_2_·11H_2_O","KAl(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·11H_2_O","K Al S O H"," "," ",2577," ",,,"K Al S^6+ O H","Kli","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kaliochalcite","Kaliochalcite","KCu2+2(S6+O4)2[(OH)(H2O)]","KCu2(SO4)2[(OH)(H2O)]","KCu_2_(SO_4_)_2_[(OH)(H_2_O)]","KCu^2+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_[(OH)(H_2_O)]","K Cu S O H","IMA2013-037"," ",6202,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Kch","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Kaliophilite","Kaliophilite","KAlSiO4","KAlSiO4","KAlSiO_4_","KAlSiO_4_","K Al Si O"," "," ",2578,"Tridymite-Nepheline","hexagonal",,"K Al Si O","Klp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kalistrontite","Kalistrontite","K2Sr(S6+O4)2","K2Sr(SO4)2","K_2_Sr(SO_4_)_2_","K_2_Sr(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","K Sr S O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2580,"Palmierite","hexagonal",,"K Sr S^6+ O","Kst","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Kalithallite","Kalithallite","K3Tl3+Cl6·2H2O","K3Tl3+Cl6·2H2O","K_3_Tl^3+^Cl_6_·2H_2_O","K_3_Tl^3+^Cl_6_·2H_2_O","K Tl Cl H O","IMA2017-044"," ",6688," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","K Tl^3+ Cl H O","Kth","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Kalsilite","Kalsilite","KAlSiO4","KAlSiO4","KAlSiO_4_","KAlSiO_4_","K Al Si O"," "," ",2581,"Tridymite-Nepheline","hexagonal","P31c, P63, P63mc","K Al Si O","Kls","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Kalungaite","Kalungaite","Pd3+(AsSe)3-","PdAsSe","PdAsSe","Pd^3+^(AsSe)^3-^","Pd As Se","IMA2004-047"," ",5294,"Ullmannite","cubic","P213","Pd^3+ As Se","Klu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)","Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)","NaKCaSrCe3+Ti4+(Si8O21)OF(H2O)3","NaKCaSrCeTi(Si8O21)OF(H2O)3","NaKCaSrCeTi(Si_8_O_21_)OF(H_2_O)_3_","NaKCaSrCe^3+^Ti^4+^(Si_8_O_21_)OF(H_2_O)_3_","Na K Ca Sr Ce Ti Si O F H","IMA2022-133"," ",7346,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P2/c","Na K Ca Sr Ce^3+ Ti^4+ Si O F H","Kalu-Ce",,"No" +"Kamaishilite","Kamaishilite","Ca2(SiAl2)O6(OH)2","Ca2(SiAl2)O6(OH)2","Ca_2_(SiAl_2_)O_6_(OH)_2_","Ca_2_(SiAl_2_)O_6_(OH)_2_","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1980-052"," ",2583," ","tetragonal",,"Ca Si Al O H","Kam","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Kamarizaite","Kamarizaite","Fe3+3(As5+O4)2(OH)3·3H2O","Fe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)3·3H2O","Fe^3+^_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·3H_2_O","Fe^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·3H_2_O","Fe As O H","IMA2008-017"," ",5676," ","orthorhombic",,"Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Kmr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Kambaldaite","Kambaldaite","NaNi2+4(CO3)3(OH)3·3H2O","NaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3·3H2O","NaNi_4_(CO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_·3H_2_O","NaNi^2+^_4_(CO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_·3H_2_O","Na Ni C O H","IMA1982-098"," ",2584," ","hexagonal","P63","Na Ni^2+ C O H","Kbd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kamchatkite","Kamchatkite","KCu2+3O(S6+O4)2Cl","KCu3O(SO4)2Cl","KCu_3_O(SO_4_)_2_Cl","KCu^2+^_3_O(S^6+^O_4_)_2_Cl","K Cu O S Cl","IMA1987-018"," ",2585," ","orthorhombic","Pna21","K Cu^2+ O S^6+ Cl","Kmc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kamenevite","Kamenevite","K2Ti4+Si3O9·H2O","K2TiSi3O9·H2O","K_2_TiSi_3_O_9_·H_2_O","K_2_Ti^4+^Si_3_O_9_·H_2_O","K Ti Si O H","IMA2017-021"," ",6662,"Umbite","orthorhombic","P212121","K Ti^4+ Si O H","Kne","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kamiokite","Kamiokite","Fe2+2Mo4+3O8","Fe2+2Mo4+3O8","Fe^2+^_2_Mo^4+^_3_O_8_","Fe^2+^_2_Mo^4+^_3_O_8_","Fe Mo O","IMA1975-003"," ",2586,"Nolanite","hexagonal","P63mc","Fe^2+ Mo^4+ O","Kmk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Kamitugaite","Kamitugaite","Pb2+Al(U6+O2)5(PO4)3O2(OH)2(H2O)11.5","PbAl(UO2)5(PO4)3O2(OH)2(H2O)11.5","PbAl(UO_2_)_5_(PO_4_)_3_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_11.5_","Pb^2+^Al(U^6+^O_2_)_5_(PO_4_)_3_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_11.5_","Pb Al U O P H","IMA1983-030"," ",2587," ","triclinic",,"Pb^2+ Al U^6+ O P H","Ktg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kamotoite-(Y)","Kamotoite-(Y)","Y2O4(U6+O2)4(CO3)3·14H2O","Y2O4(UO2)4(CO3)3·14H2O","Y_2_O_4_(UO_2_)_4_(CO_3_)_3_·14H_2_O","Y_2_O_4_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(CO_3_)_3_·14H_2_O","Y O U C H","IMA1985-051"," ",2588," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Y O U^6+ C H","Kmt-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kampelite","Kampelite","Ba3Mg1.5Sc4(PO4)6(OH)3·4H2O","Ba3Mg1.5Sc4(PO4)6(OH)3·4H2O","Ba_3_Mg_1.5_Sc_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_3_·4H_2_O","Ba_3_Mg_1.5_Sc_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_3_·4H_2_O","Ba Mg Sc P O H","IMA2016-084"," ",6610,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ba Mg Sc P O H","Kpl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Kampfite","Kampfite","Ba12(Si11Al5)O31(CO3)8Cl5","Ba12(Si11Al5)O31(CO3)8Cl5","Ba_12_(Si_11_Al_5_)O_31_(CO_3_)_8_Cl_5_","Ba_12_(Si_11_Al_5_)O_31_(CO_3_)_8_Cl_5_","Ba Si Al O C Cl","IMA2000-003"," ",2589," ","monoclinic","Cc","Ba Si Al O C Cl","Kpf","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Kamphaugite-(Y)","Kamphaugite-(Y)","CaY(CO3)2(OH)·H2O","CaY(CO3)2(OH)·H2O","CaY(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","CaY(CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Ca Y C O H","IMA1987-043"," ",2590," ","tetragonal","P41212","Ca Y C O H","Khg-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kanatzidisite","Kanatzidisite","(Sb3+Bi3+S2-3)2Te2","(SbBiS3)2Te2","(SbBiS_3_)_2_Te_2_","(Sb^3+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_3_)_2_Te_2_","Sb Bi S Te","IMA2023-014"," ",7368,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/m","Sb^3+ Bi^3+ S^2- Te","Ktz",,"No" +"Kanemite","Kanemite","NaSi2O4(OH)·3H2O","NaSi2O4(OH)·3H2O","NaSi_2_O_4_(OH)·3H_2_O","NaSi_2_O_4_(OH)·3H_2_O","Na Si O H","IMA1971-050"," ",2591," ","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Na Si O H","Knm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kangite","Kangite","(Sc,Ti4+,Al,Zr4+,Mg,Ca,☐)2O3","(Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,☐)2O3","(Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,[box])_2_O_3_","(Sc,Ti^4+^,Al,Zr^4+^,Mg,Ca,[box])_2_O_3_","Sc Ti Al Zr Mg Ca O","IMA2011-092"," ",6033,"Bixbyite","cubic","Ia3","Sc Ti^4+ Al Zr^4+ Mg Ca O","Kg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Kangjinlaite","Kangjinlaite","Ti11Si10","Ti11Si10","Ti_11_Si_10_","Ti_11_Si_10_","Ti Si","IMA2019-112b"," ",7119," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Ti Si","Kjl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Kaňkite","Kankite","Fe3+As5+O4·3.5H2O","Fe3+(AsO4)·3.5H2O","Fe^3+^(AsO_4_)·3.5H_2_O","Fe^3+^As^5+^O_4_·3.5H_2_O","Fe As O H","IMA1975-005"," ",2592,"Kaňkite","monoclinic",,"Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Kňk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Kannanite","Kannanite","Ca4Al4(MgAl)(V5+O4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6","Ca4Al4(MgAl)(VO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6","Ca_4_Al_4_(MgAl)(VO_4_)(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(OH)_6_","Ca_4_Al_4_(MgAl)(V^5+^O_4_)(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)(OH)_6_","Ca Al Mg V O Si H","IMA2015-100"," ",6501,"Ardennite","orthorhombic","Pnmm","Ca Al Mg V^5+ O Si H","Kna","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Kanoite","Kanoite","Mn2+MgSi2O6","MnMgSi2O6","MnMgSi_2_O_6_","Mn^2+^MgSi_2_O_6_","Mn Mg Si O","IMA1977-020"," ",2593,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ Mg Si O","Knt","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Kanonaite","Kanonaite","Mn3+AlOSiO4","Mn3+AlOSiO4","Mn^3+^AlOSiO_4_","Mn^3+^AlOSiO_4_","Mn Al O Si","IMA1976-047"," ",2594,"Andalusite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Mn^3+ Al O Si","Kan","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Kanonerovite","Kanonerovite","Na3Mn2+P3O10·12H2O","Na3MnP3O10·12H2O","Na_3_MnP_3_O_10_·12H_2_O","Na_3_Mn^2+^P_3_O_10_·12H_2_O","Na Mn P O H","IMA1997-016"," ",2595,"Kanonerovite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Mn^2+ P O H","Knr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kantorite","Kantorite","K2NaMg(S6+O4)2F","K2NaMg(SO4)2F","K_2_NaMg(SO_4_)_2_F","K_2_NaMg(S^6+^O_4_)_2_F","K Na Mg S O F","IMA2024-042"," ",7556,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pna21","K Na Mg S^6+ O F","Kao",,"No" +"Kaolinite","Kaolinite","Al2Si2O5(OH)4","Al2Si2O5(OH)4","Al_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Al_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Al Si O H","IMA1980 s.p, IMA2024-D"," ",2596,"Clay, Kaolinite","triclinic, monoclinic","C1, Cc","Al Si O H","Kln","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Kapellasite","Kapellasite","Cu2+3Zn2+(OH)6Cl2","Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2","Cu_3_Zn(OH)_6_Cl_2_","Cu^2+^_3_Zn^2+^(OH)_6_Cl_2_","Cu Zn O H Cl","IMA2005-009"," ",5217,"Atacamite","hexagonal","P3m1","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ O H Cl","Kap","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kapitsaite-(Y)","Kapitsaite-(Y)","Ba4Y2Si8B4O28F","Ba4Y2Si8B4O28F","Ba_4_Y_2_Si_8_B_4_O_28_F","Ba_4_Y_2_Si_8_B_4_O_28_F","Ba Y Si B O F","IMA1998-057"," ",2597,"Hyalotekite","triclinic","I1","Ba Y Si B O F","Ksa-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kapundaite","Kapundaite","CaNaFe3+4(PO4)4(OH)3·5H2O","CaNaFe3+4(PO4)4(OH)3·5H2O","CaNaFe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","CaNaFe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Ca Na Fe P O H","IMA2009-047"," ",5776," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Na Fe^3+ P O H","Kpd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kapustinite","Kapustinite","Na6Zr4+Si6O16(OH)2","Na6ZrSi6O16(OH)2","Na_6_ZrSi_6_O_16_(OH)_2_","Na_6_Zr^4+^Si_6_O_16_(OH)_2_","Na Zr Si O H","IMA2003-018"," ",5232,"Lovozerite-Zirsinalite–Lovozerite","hexagonal, monoclinic","R3c, C2/m","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Kpu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Karasugite","Karasugite","SrCaAlF7","SrCaAlF7","SrCaAlF_7_","SrCaAlF_7_","Sr Ca Al F","IMA1993-013"," ",2598," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Sr Ca Al F","Krg","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Karchevskyite","Karchevskyite","Mg18Al9(OH)54Sr2(CO3)9(H2O)6(H3O)5","Mg18Al9(OH)54Sr2(CO3)9(H2O)6(H3O)5","Mg_18_Al_9_(OH)_54_Sr_2_(CO_3_)_9_(H_2_O)_6_(H_3_O)_5_","Mg_18_Al_9_(OH)_54_Sr_2_(CO_3_)_9_(H_2_O)_6_(H_3_O)_5_","Mg Al O H Sr C","IMA2005-015a"," ",5328,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal",,"Mg Al O H Sr C","Kcv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Karelianite","Karelianite","V3+2O3","V2O3","V_2_O_3_","V^3+^_2_O_3_","V O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2599,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3c","V^3+ O","Kar","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Karenwebberite","Karenwebberite","NaFe2+(PO4)","NaFe2+(PO4)","NaFe^2+^(PO_4_)","NaFe^2+^(PO_4_)","Na Fe P O","IMA2011-015"," ",5944,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Na Fe^2+ P O","Kwb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Karibibite","Karibibite","Fe3+3(As3+O2)4(As3+2O5)(OH)","Fe3+3(As3+O2)4(As3+2O5)(OH)","Fe^3+^_3_(As^3+^O_2_)_4_(As^3+^_2_O_5_)(OH)","Fe^3+^_3_(As^3+^O_2_)_4_(As^3+^_2_O_5_)(OH)","Fe As O H","IMA1973-007"," ",2600," ","orthorhombic",,"Fe^3+ As^3+ O H","Kab","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Karlditmarite","Karlditmarite","Cu2+9O4(PO4)2(S6+O4)2","Cu9O4(PO4)2(SO4)2","Cu_9_O_4_(PO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^_9_O_4_(PO_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Cu O P S","IMA2021-003"," ",7121,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ O P S^6+","Kdt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Karlite","Karlite","(Mg,Al)6.5(BO3)3(OH)4(☐,Cl)0.5","(Mg,Al)6.5(BO3)3(OH)4(☐,Cl)0.5","(Mg,Al)_6.5_(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_4_([box],Cl)_0.5_","(Mg,Al)_6.5_(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_4_([box],Cl)_0.5_","Mg Al B O H Cl","IMA1980-030"," ",2601," ","orthorhombic","P21212","Mg Al B O H Cl","Ka","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Karlleuite","Karlleuite","Ca2Mn4+O4","Ca2MnO4","Ca_2_MnO_4_","Ca_2_Mn^4+^O_4_","Ca Mn O","IMA2023-102"," ",7450,"Rocksalt, Perovskite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Ca Mn^4+ O","Kll",,"No" +"Karlseifertite","Karlseifertite","Pb2+(Ga2Ge)(As5+O4)2(OH)6","Pb(Ga2Ge)(AsO4)2(OH)6","Pb(Ga_2_Ge)(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^(Ga_2_Ge)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb Ga Ge As O H","IMA2024-007"," ",7471,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Ga Ge As^5+ O H","Karl",,"No" +"Karnasurtite-(Ce)","Karnasurtite-(Ce)","Ce3+Ti4+AlSi2O7(OH)4·3H2O","CeTiAlSi2O7(OH)4·3H2O","CeTiAlSi_2_O_7_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Ce^3+^Ti^4+^AlSi_2_O_7_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Ce Ti Al Si O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",5031," ",,,"Ce^3+ Ti^4+ Al Si O H","Ksu-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Karpenkoite","Karpenkoite","Co2+3(V5+2O7)(OH)2·2H2O","Co3(V2O7)(OH)2·2H2O","Co_3_(V_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Co^2+^_3_(V^5+^_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Co V O H","IMA2014-092"," ",6390,"Volborthite","hexagonal","P3m1","Co^2+ V^5+ O H","Kpk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Karpinskite","Karpinskite","(Mg,Ni2+)2Si2O5(OH)2","(Mg,Ni)2Si2O5(OH)2 (?)","(Mg,Ni)_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_2_ (?)","(Mg,Ni^2+^)_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_2_","Mg Ni Si O H"," "," ",5120,"Corrensite",,,"Mg Ni^2+ Si O H","Kpi","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization","No" +"Karpovite","Karpovite","Tl1+2V4+O(S6+O4)2·H2O","Tl2VO(SO4)2(H2O)","Tl_2_VO(SO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)","Tl^1+^_2_V^4+^O(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Tl V O S H","IMA2013-040"," ",6205,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21","Tl^1+ V^4+ O S^6+ H","Kpv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Karupmøllerite-Ca","Karupmollerite-Ca","(Na,Ca,K)2Ca(Nb5+,Ti4+)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·7H2O","(Na,Ca,K)2Ca(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·7H2O","(Na,Ca,K)_2_Ca(Nb,Ti)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·7H_2_O","(Na,Ca,K)_2_Ca(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·7H_2_O","Na Ca K Nb Ti Si O H","IMA2001-028"," ",2603,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca K Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Kmø-Ca","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Karwowskiite","Karwowskiite","Ca9Mg(Fe2+0.5☐0.5)(PO4)7","Ca9Mg(Fe2+0.5☐0.5)(PO4)7","Ca_9_Mg(Fe^2+^_0.5_[box]_0.5_)(PO_4_)_7_","Ca_9_Mg(Fe^2+^_0.5_[box]_0.5_)(PO_4_)_7_","Ca Mg Fe P O","IMA2023-080"," ",7416,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ca Mg Fe^2+ P O","Krw",,"No" +"Kasatkinite","Kasatkinite","Ba2Ca8B5Si8O32(OH)3·6H2O","Ba2Ca8B5Si8O32(OH)3·6H2O","Ba_2_Ca_8_B_5_Si_8_O_32_(OH)_3_·6H_2_O","Ba_2_Ca_8_B_5_Si_8_O_32_(OH)_3_·6H_2_O","Ba Ca B Si O H","IMA2011-045"," ",5973,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Ba Ca B Si O H","Ksk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Kashinite","Kashinite","Ir3+2S2-3","Ir2S3","Ir_2_S_3_","Ir^3+^_2_S^2-^_3_","Ir S","IMA1982-036"," ",2604,"Bowieite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Ir^3+ S^2-","Ksh","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Kaskasite","Kaskasite","(Mo,Nb5+)S2·(Mg1-xAlx)(OH)2+x","(Mo,Nb)S2·(Mg1-xAlx)(OH)2+x","(Mo,Nb)S_2_·(Mg_1-x_Al_x_)(OH)_2+x_","(Mo,Nb^5+^)S_2_·(Mg_1-x_Al_x_)(OH)_2+x_","Mo Nb S Mg Al O H","IMA2013-025"," ",6186,"Valleriite","hexagonal",,"Mo Nb^5+ S Mg Al O H","Kks","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kasolite","Kasolite","Pb2+(U6+O2)SiO4·H2O","Pb(UO2)(SiO4)·H2O","Pb(UO_2_)(SiO_4_)·H_2_O","Pb^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)SiO_4_·H_2_O","Pb U O Si H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",2605," ","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Pb^2+ U^6+ O Si H","Kso","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM27 - Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kassite","Kassite","CaTi4+2O4(OH)2","CaTi2O4(OH)2","CaTi_2_O_4_(OH)_2_","CaTi^4+^_2_O_4_(OH)_2_","Ca Ti O H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",2606,"Kassite","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Ti^4+ O H","Kas","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kastningite","Kastningite","Mn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Al P O H","IMA1997-033"," ",2607,"Stewartite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Al P O H","Kng","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Katanite","Katanite","Ba2+3Nb5+Fe3+3Si2O14","Ba3NbFe3Si2O14","Ba_3_NbFe_3_Si_2_O_14_","Ba^2+^_3_Nb^5+^Fe^3+^_3_Si_2_O_14_","Ba Nb Fe Si O","IMA2025-022"," ",7581,"Dugganite","hexagonal","P321","Ba^2+ Nb^5+ Fe^3+ Si O","Kta",,"No" +"Katayamalite","Katayamalite","KLi3Ca7Ti4+2(SiO3)12(OH)2","KLi3Ca7Ti2(SiO3)12(OH)2","KLi_3_Ca_7_Ti_2_(SiO_3_)_12_(OH)_2_","KLi_3_Ca_7_Ti^4+^_2_(SiO_3_)_12_(OH)_2_","K Li Ca Ti Si O H","IMA1982-004"," ",5032,"Baratovite","monoclinic, triclinic","C2/c, C1","K Li Ca Ti^4+ Si O H","Kyl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation","No" +"Katerinopoulosite","Katerinopoulosite","(N3-H4)2Zn2+(S6+O4)2·6H2O","(NH4)2Zn(SO4)2·6H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Zn(SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Zn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","N H Zn S O","IMA2017-004"," ",6647,"Picromerite","monoclinic","P21/a","N^3- H Zn^2+ S^6+ O","Kpo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Katiarsite","Katiarsite","KTi4+O(As5+O4)","KTiO(AsO4)","KTiO(AsO_4_)","KTi^4+^O(As^5+^O_4_)","K Ti O As","IMA2014-025"," ",6326,"Katiarsite","orthorhombic","Pna21","K Ti^4+ O As^5+","Kts","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Katoite","Katoite","Ca3Al2(OH)12","Ca3Al2(OH)12","Ca_3_Al_2_(OH)_12_","Ca_3_Al_2_(OH)_12_","Ca Al O H","IMA1982-080"," ",2608,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d, Ia3d","Ca Al O H","Kto","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Katophorite","Katophorite","NaNaCa(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Mg_4_Al)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaNaCa(Mg_4_Al)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Al Si O H","IMA2013-140"," ",2952,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Al Si O H","Ktp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Katoptrite","Katoptrite","Mn2+13Al4Sb5+2O20(SiO4)2","Mn2+13Al4Sb5+2O20(SiO4)2","Mn^2+^_13_Al_4_Sb^5+^_2_O_20_(SiO_4_)_2_","Mn^2+^_13_Al_4_Sb^5+^_2_O_20_(SiO_4_)_2_","Mn Al Sb O Si"," "," ",2610,"Katoptrite","monoclinic","C2/m","Mn^2+ Al Sb^5+ O Si","Ktt","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Katsarosite","Katsarosite","Zn2+(C2)6+O4·2H2O","Zn(C2O4)·2H2O","Zn(C_2_O_4_)·2H_2_O","Zn^2+^(C_2_)^6+^O_4_·2H_2_O","Zn C O H","IMA2020-014"," ",7043,"Humboldtine, Oxalate","monoclinic","C2/c","Zn^2+ C O H","Kat","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Kawazulite","Kawazulite","Bi3+2Te2-2Se2-","Bi2Te2Se","Bi_2_Te_2_Se","Bi^3+^_2_Te^2-^_2_Se^2-^","Bi Te Se","IMA1968-014"," ",2611,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","R3m","Bi^3+ Te^2- Se^2-","Kaw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kayrobertsonite","Kayrobertsonite","Mn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O","MnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O","MnAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Mn^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Mn Al P O H","IMA2015-029"," ",6432,"Nordgauite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Al P O H","Kay","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kayupovaite","Kayupovaite","Na2Mn2+10[(Si14Al2)O38(OH)8]·7H2O","Na2Mn10[(Si14Al2)O38(OH)8]·7H2O","Na_2_Mn_10_[(Si_14_Al_2_)O_38_(OH)_8_]·7H_2_O","Na_2_Mn^2+^_10_[(Si_14_Al_2_)O_38_(OH)_8_]·7H_2_O","Na Mn Si Al O H","IMA2022-045"," ",7269,"Stilpnomelane, Clay","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mn^2+ Si Al O H","Kyp",,"No" +"Kazakhstanite","Kazakhstanite","Fe3+5V4+3V5+12O39(OH)9·9H2O","Fe3+5V4+3V5+12O39(OH)9·9H2O","Fe^3+^_5_V^4+^_3_V^5+^_12_O_39_(OH)_9_·9H_2_O","Fe^3+^_5_V^4+^_3_V^5+^_12_O_39_(OH)_9_·9H_2_O","Fe V O H","IMA1988-044"," ",2612," ","monoclinic",,"Fe^3+ V^4+ V^5+ O H","Kaz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kazakovite","Kazakovite","Na6Mn2+Ti4+Si6O18","Na6Mn2+TiSi6O18","Na_6_Mn^2+^TiSi_6_O_18_","Na_6_Mn^2+^Ti^4+^Si_6_O_18_","Na Mn Ti Si O","IMA1973-061"," ",2613,"Lovozerite-Zirsinalite–Lovozerite","hexagonal","R3m","Na Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O","Kzk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kazanskyite","Kazanskyite","Ba☐Ti4+Nb5+Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)2","Ba☐TiNbNa3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)2","Ba[box]TiNbNa_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Ba[box]Ti^4+^Nb^5+^Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Ba Ti Nb Na Si O H","IMA2011-007"," ",5937,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","triclinic","P1","Ba Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Na Si O H","Kzs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kaznakhtite","Kaznakhtite","Ni2+6Co3+2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O","Ni6Co3+2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O","Ni_6_Co^3+^_2_(OH)_16_(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Ni^2+^_6_Co^3+^_2_(OH)_16_(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Ni Co O H C","IMA2021-056"," ",7161,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3","Ni^2+ Co^3+ O H C","Kzt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Keckite","Keckite","CaMn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+)2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3·7H2O","CaMn(Fe3+,Mn)2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3·7H2O","CaMn(Fe^3+^,Mn)_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_3_·7H_2_O","CaMn^2+^(Fe^3+^,Mn^2+^)_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_3_·7H_2_O","Ca Mn Fe P O H","IMA1977-028"," ",2614,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Kec","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kegelite","Kegelite","Pb2+4Al2Si4O10(S6+O4)(CO3)2(OH)4","Pb4Al2Si4O10(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)4","Pb_4_Al_2_Si_4_O_10_(SO_4_)(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_","Pb^2+^_4_Al_2_Si_4_O_10_(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_","Pb Al Si O S C H","IMA1974-042"," ",2615," ","monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ Al Si O S^6+ C H","Keg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kegginite","Kegginite","Pb2+3Ca3[As5+V5+12O40(V5+O)]·20H2O","Pb3Ca3[AsV12O40(VO)]·20H2O","Pb_3_Ca_3_[AsV_12_O_40_(VO)]·20H_2_O","Pb^2+^_3_Ca_3_[As^5+^V^5+^_12_O_40_(V^5+^O)]·20H_2_O","Pb Ca As V O H","IMA2015-114"," ",6512,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P3","Pb^2+ Ca As^5+ V^5+ O H","Kgn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Keilite","Keilite","Fe2+S2-","FeS","FeS","Fe^2+^S^2-^","Fe S","IMA2001-053"," ",2616,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Fe^2+ S^2-","Ke","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Keithconnite","Keithconnite","Pd20Te7","Pd20Te7","Pd_20_Te_7_","Pd_20_Te_7_","Pd Te","IMA1978-032"," ",2617," ","hexagonal","R3","Pd Te","Kei","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Keiviite-(Y)","Keiviite-(Y)","Y2Si2O7","Y2Si2O7","Y_2_Si_2_O_7_","Y_2_Si_2_O_7_","Y Si O","IMA1984-054"," ",2618,"Thortveitite","monoclinic","C2/m","Y Si O","Kvi-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Keiviite-(Yb)","Keiviite-(Yb)","Yb3+2Si2O7","Yb2Si2O7","Yb_2_Si_2_O_7_","Yb^3+^_2_Si_2_O_7_","Yb Si O","IMA1982-065, IMA1987 s.p."," ",2619,"Thortveitite","monoclinic","C2/m, A2/m","Yb^3+ Si O","Kvi-Yb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Keldyshite","Keldyshite","Na2Zr4+Si2O7","Na2ZrSi2O7","Na_2_ZrSi_2_O_7_","Na_2_Zr^4+^Si_2_O_7_","Na Zr Si O","IMA1975-034"," ",2620," ","triclinic","P1","Na Zr^4+ Si O","Kel","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kellyite","Kellyite","(Mn2+,Mg,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4","(Mn2+,Mg,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4","(Mn^2+^,Mg,Al)_3_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","(Mn^2+^,Mg,Al)_3_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Mn Mg Al Si O H","IMA1974-002"," ",2621,"Clay, Serpentine","monoclinic, hexagonal",,"Mn^2+ Mg Al Si O H","Kly","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kelyanite","Kelyanite","(Hg2)2+6Sb3+O6BrCl2","Hg12SbO6BrCl2","Hg_12_SbO_6_BrCl_2_","(Hg_2_)^2+^_6_Sb^3+^O_6_BrCl_2_","Hg Sb O Br Cl","IMA1981-013"," ",2622," ","hexagonal","P3","Hg Sb^3+ O Br Cl","Kyn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kemmlitzite","Kemmlitzite","SrAl3(As5+O4)(S6+O4)(OH)6","SrAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6","SrAl_3_(AsO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)_6_","SrAl_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_6_","Sr Al As O S H","IMA1967-021"," ",2623,"Alunite-beudantite","hexagonal",,"Sr Al As^5+ O S^6+ H","Kml","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kempite","Kempite","Mn2+2Cl(OH)3","Mn2+2Cl(OH)3","Mn^2+^_2_Cl(OH)_3_","Mn^2+^_2_Cl(OH)_3_","Mn Cl O H"," "," ",2624,"Atacamite",,,"Mn^2+ Cl O H","Kp","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kenhsuite","Kenhsuite","Hg3S2Cl2","Hg3S2Cl2","Hg_3_S_2_Cl_2_","Hg_3_S_2_Cl_2_","Hg S Cl","IMA1996-026"," ",2625," ","orthorhombic","A2mm, Pbmm","Hg S Cl","Khs","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kenngottite","Kenngottite","Mn2+3Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)6(H2O)2","Mn2+3Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)6(H2O)2","Mn^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_(H_2_O)_2_","Mn^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_(H_2_O)_2_","Mn Fe P O H","IMA2018-063a"," ",6860,"Souzalite","monoclinic","P2/a","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Kgt","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Kennygayite","Kennygayite","[Pb2+4O2(OH)2](S6+O4)","[Pb4O2(OH)2](SO4)","[Pb_4_O_2_(OH)_2_](SO_4_)","[Pb^2+^_4_O_2_(OH)_2_](S^6+^O_4_)","Pb O H S","IMA2022-032"," ",7258," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ O H S^6+","Kgy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kenoargentotennantite-(Fe)","Kenoargentotennantite-(Fe)","Ag1+6(Cu1+4Fe2+2)As4S2-12☐","Ag6(Cu4Fe2)As4S12☐","Ag_6_(Cu_4_Fe_2_)As_4_S_12_[box]","Ag^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Fe^2+^_2_)As_4_S^2-^_12_[box]","Ag Cu Fe As S","IMA2020-062"," ",7076,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Fe^2+ As S^2-","Katnt-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Fe)","Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Fe)","Ag1+6(Cu1+4Fe2+2)Sb4S2-12☐","Ag6(Cu4Fe2)Sb4S12☐","Ag_6_(Cu_4_Fe_2_)Sb_4_S_12_[box]","Ag^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Fe^2+^_2_)Sb_4_S^2-^_12_[box]","Ag Cu Fe Sb S","IMA2019 s.p."," ",6917,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Sb S^2-","Kattr-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Zn)","Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Zn)","[Ag6]4+(Cu1+4Zn2+2)Sb3+4S2-12☐","Ag6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S12☐","Ag_6_(Cu_4_Zn_2_)Sb_4_S_12_[box]","[Ag_6_]^4+^(Cu^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_12_[box]","Ag Cu Zn Sb S","IMA2020-075"," ",7091,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag Cu^1+ Zn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Kattr-Zn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kenomicrolite","Kenomicrolite","☐2Ta5+2[O4(OH)2]☐","☐2Ta2[O4(OH)2]☐","[box]_2_Ta_2_[O_4_(OH)_2_][box]","[box]_2_Ta^5+^_2_[O_4_(OH)_2_][box]","Ta O H","IMA2024-097"," ",7564,"Pyrochlore-microlite","cubic","Fd3m","Ta^5+ O H","Kmic",,"No" +"Kenoplumbomicrolite","Kenoplumbomicrolite","(Pb2+,☐)2Ta5+2O6[☐,(OH),O]","(Pb,☐)2Ta2O6[☐,(OH),O]","(Pb,[box])_2_Ta_2_O_6_[[box],(OH),O]","(Pb^2+^,[box])_2_Ta^5+^_2_O_6_[[box],(OH),O]","Pb Ta O H","IMA2015-007a"," ",6590,"Pyrochlore-microlite","cubic","Fd3m","Pb^2+ Ta^5+ O H","Kpmic","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Kenorozhdestvenskayaite-(Fe)","Kenorozhdestvenskayaite-(Fe)","[Ag6]4+(Ag1+4Fe2+2)Sb3+4S2-12☐","Ag6(Ag4Fe2)Sb4S12☐","Ag_6_(Ag_4_Fe_2_)Sb_4_S_12_[box]","[Ag_6_]^4+^(Ag^1+^_4_Fe^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_12_[box]","Ag Fe Sb S","IMA2022-001"," ",7225,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag Ag^1+ Fe^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Kroz-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kenotobermorite","Kenotobermorite","Ca4Si6O15(OH)2·5H2O","Ca4Si6O15(OH)2(H2O)2·3H2O","Ca_4_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_·3H_2_O","Ca_4_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca Si O H","IMA2014 s.p."," ",6499,"Tobermorite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","F2dd, Bm","Ca Si O H","Ktbm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Kentbrooksite","Kentbrooksite","(Na,REE)15(Ca,REE)6Mn2+3Zr4+3Nb5+(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(F,Cl)2","(Na,REE)15(Ca,REE)6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(F,Cl)2","(Na,REE)_15_(Ca,REE)_6_Mn_3_Zr_3_Nb(Si_25_O_73_)(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_(F,Cl)_2_","(Na,REE)_15_(Ca,REE)_6_Mn^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^(Si_25_O_73_)(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_(F,Cl)_2_","Na REE Ca Mn Zr Nb Si O H F Cl","IMA1996-023"," ",2626,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m, R3","Na REE Ca Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H F Cl","Ktb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kentrolite","Kentrolite","Pb2+2Mn3+2O2(Si2O7)","Pb2Mn3+2O2(Si2O7)","Pb_2_Mn^3+^_2_O_2_(Si_2_O_7_)","Pb^2+^_2_Mn^3+^_2_O_2_(Si_2_O_7_)","Pb Mn O Si"," "," ",2627," ","orthorhombic","Pbcn, P21221","Pb^2+ Mn^3+ O Si","Ken","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Kenyaite","Kenyaite","Na2Si22O41(OH)8·6H2O","Na2Si22O41(OH)8·6H2O","Na_2_Si_22_O_41_(OH)_8_·6H_2_O","Na_2_Si_22_O_41_(OH)_8_·6H_2_O","Na Si O H","IMA1967-018"," ",2628," ","tetragonal",,"Na Si O H","Kya","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Keplerite","Keplerite","Ca9(Ca0.5☐0.5)Mg(PO4)7","Ca9(Ca0.5☐0.5)Mg(PO4)7","Ca_9_(Ca_0.5_[box]_0.5_)Mg(PO_4_)_7_","Ca_9_(Ca_0.5_[box]_0.5_)Mg(PO_4_)_7_","Ca Mg P O","IMA2019-108"," ",6991,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ca Mg P O","Kep","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Kerimasite","Kerimasite","Ca3Zr4+2(Fe3+2Si)O12","Ca3Zr2(SiFe3+2)O12","Ca_3_Zr_2_(SiFe^3+^_2_)O_12_","Ca_3_Zr^4+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2_Si)O_12_","Ca Zr Si Fe O","IMA2009-029"," ",5756,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Zr^4+ Fe^3+ Si O","Kms","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Kermesite","Kermesite","Sb3+2OS2-2","Sb2OS2","Sb_2_OS_2_","Sb^3+^_2_OS^2-^_2_","Sb O S"," "," ",2629," ","triclinic","P1, F1","Sb^3+ O S^2-","Kem","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kernite","Kernite","Na2B4O6(OH)2·3H2O","Na2B4O6(OH)2·3H2O","Na_2_B_4_O_6_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Na_2_B_4_O_6_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Na B O H"," "," ",2630," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na B O H","Ker","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Kernowite","Kernowite","Cu2+2Fe3+(As5+O4)(OH)4·4H2O","Cu2Fe3+(AsO4)(OH)4·4H2O","Cu_2_Fe^3+^(AsO_4_)(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Cu Fe As O H","IMA2020-053"," ",7068,"Liroconite","monoclinic","I2/a","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Knw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kesebolite-(Ce)","Kesebolite-(Ce)","Ce3+Ca2Mn2+(As5+O4)(SiO3)3","CeCa2Mn(AsO4)(SiO3)3","CeCa_2_Mn(AsO_4_)(SiO_3_)_3_","Ce^3+^Ca_2_Mn^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)(SiO_3_)_3_","Ce Ca Mn As O Si","IMA2019-097"," ",6982,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Ce^3+ Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O Si","Ksb-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kësterite","Kesterite","Cu1+2Zn2+Sn4+S2-4","Cu2ZnSnS4","Cu_2_ZnSnS_4_","Cu^1+^_2_Zn^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Zn Sn S"," "," ",2631,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I4, I42m","Cu^1+ Zn^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Kës","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Kettnerite","Kettnerite","CaBi3+O(CO3)F","CaBiO(CO3)F","CaBiO(CO_3_)F","CaBi^3+^O(CO_3_)F","Ca Bi O C F"," "," ",2632,"Bismutite","orthorhombic","Pbaa, Pmmn","Ca Bi^3+ O C F","Ket","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Keutschite","Keutschite","Ag1+Cu2AsS2-4","Cu2AgAsS4","Cu_2_AgAsS_4_","Ag^1+^Cu_2_AsS^2-^_4_","Cu Ag As S","IMA2014-038"," ",6310,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I42m","Ag^1+ Cu As S^2-","Keu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Keyite","Keyite","(☐0.5Cu2+0.5)Cu2+Cd2+Zn2+2(As5+O4)3·H2O","(☐0.5Cu0.5)CuCdZn2(AsO4)3·H2O","([box]_0.5_Cu_0.5_)CuCdZn_2_(AsO_4_)_3_·H_2_O","([box]_0.5_Cu^2+^_0.5_)Cu^2+^Cd^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_·H_2_O","Cu Cd Zn As O H","IMA1975-002"," ",2633,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","I2/a","Cu^2+ Cd^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Key","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Keystoneite","Keystoneite","Mg0.5Ni2+Fe3+(Te4+O3)3·4H2O","Mg0.5NiFe3+(Te4+O3)3·4H2O","Mg_0.5_NiFe^3+^(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·4H_2_O","Mg_0.5_Ni^2+^Fe^3+^(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·4H_2_O","Mg Ni Fe Te O H","IMA1987-049"," ",2634,"Zemannite","hexagonal","P63/m, P63","Mg Ni^2+ Fe^3+ Te^4+ O H","Kys","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Khademite","Khademite","Al(S6+O4)F·5H2O","Al(SO4)F·5H2O","Al(SO_4_)F·5H_2_O","Al(S^6+^O_4_)F·5H_2_O","Al S O F H","IMA1973-028"," ",2635,"Khademite","orthorhombic","Pcab","Al S^6+ O F H","Kdm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Khaidarkanite","Khaidarkanite","Cu2+4Al3(OH)14F3·2H2O","Cu4Al3(OH)14F3·2H2O","Cu_4_Al_3_(OH)_14_F_3_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_4_Al_3_(OH)_14_F_3_·2H_2_O","Cu Al O H F","IMA1998-013"," ",2636,"Cyanotrichite","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^2+ Al O H F","Kdk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Khamrabaevite","Khamrabaevite","Ti4+C4-","TiC","TiC","Ti^4+^C^4-^","Ti C","IMA1983-059"," ",2637,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Ti^4+ C^4-","Krb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Khanneshite","Khanneshite","(Na,Ca)3(Ba,Sr,Ce3+,Ca)3(CO3)5","(Na,Ca)3(Ba,Sr,Ce,Ca)3(CO3)5","(Na,Ca)_3_(Ba,Sr,Ce,Ca)_3_(CO_3_)_5_","(Na,Ca)_3_(Ba,Sr,Ce^3+^,Ca)_3_(CO_3_)_5_","Na Ca Ba Sr Ce C O","IMA1981-025"," ",2638,"Burbankite","hexagonal","P63mc","Na Ca Ba Sr Ce^3+ C O","Kha","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Kharaelakhite","Kharaelakhite","(Cu,Pt,Pb,Fe,Ni)9S8","(Cu,Pt,Pb,Fe,Ni)9S8","(Cu,Pt,Pb,Fe,Ni)_9_S_8_","(Cu,Pt,Pb,Fe,Ni)_9_S_8_","Cu Pt Pb Fe Ni S","IMA1983-080"," ",2639,"Pentlandite","orthorhombic","Pmmm","Cu Pt Pb Fe Ni S","Klh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Khatyrkite","Khatyrkite","CuAl2","CuAl2","CuAl_2_","CuAl_2_","Cu Al","IMA1983-085"," ",2640,"Khatyrkite","tetragonal","I4/mcm","Cu Al","Ktk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Khesinite","Khesinite","Ca4(Mg2Fe3+10)O4(Fe3+10Si2)O36","Ca4(Mg2Fe3+10)O4(Fe3+10Si2)O36","Ca_4_(Mg_2_Fe^3+^_10_)O_4_(Fe^3+^_10_Si_2_)O_36_","Ca_4_(Mg_2_Fe^3+^_10_)O_4_(Fe^3+^_10_Si_2_)O_36_","Ca Mg Fe O Si","IMA2014-033"," ",6317,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg Fe^3+ O Si","Khe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Khibinskite","Khibinskite","K2Zr4+Si2O7","K2ZrSi2O7","K_2_ZrSi_2_O_7_","K_2_Zr^4+^Si_2_O_7_","K Zr Si O","IMA1973-014"," ",2641," ","monoclinic","P21/b","K Zr^4+ Si O","Khi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Khinite","Khinite","Cu2+3Pb2+Te6+O6(OH)2","Cu2+3PbTe6+O6(OH)2","Cu^2+^_3_PbTe^6+^O_6_(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^_3_Pb^2+^Te^6+^O_6_(OH)_2_","Cu Pb Te O H","IMA1978-035"," ",2642," ","hexagonal, orthorhombic","P32, Fdd2","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Te^6+ O H","Khn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Khmaralite","Khmaralite","Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si5Be2Al5O36]","Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si5Be2Al5O36]","Mg_4_(Mg_3_Al_9_)O_4_[Si_5_Be_2_Al_5_O_36_]","Mg_4_(Mg_3_Al_9_)O_4_[Si_5_Be_2_Al_5_O_36_]","Mg Al O Si Be","IMA1998-027"," ",2643,"Sapphirine","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg Al O Si Be","Kma","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Khomyakovite","Khomyakovite","Na12Ca6Sr3Fe2+3W6+Zr4+3(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2","Na12Sr3Ca6Fe3Zr3W(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2","Na_12_Sr_3_Ca_6_Fe_3_Zr_3_W(Si_25_O_73_)(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_(Cl,OH)_2_","Na_12_Ca_6_Sr_3_Fe^2+^_3_W^6+^Zr^4+^_3_(Si_25_O_73_)(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_(Cl,OH)_2_","Na Sr Ca Fe Zr W Si O H Cl","IMA1998-042"," ",2644,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ca Sr Fe^2+ W^6+ Zr^4+ Si O H Cl","Kmy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Khorixasite","Khorixasite","(Bi3+0.67☐0.33)Cu2+(V5+O4)(OH)","(Bi0.67☐0.33)Cu(VO4)(OH)","(Bi_0.67_[box]_0.33_)Cu(VO_4_)(OH)","(Bi^3+^_0.67_[box]_0.33_)Cu^2+^(V^5+^O_4_)(OH)","Bi Cu V O H","IMA2016-048"," ",6576,"Descloizite","monoclinic","P2/m","Bi^3+ Cu^2+ V^5+ O H","Kho","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Khrenovite","Khrenovite","Na3Fe3+2(As5+O4)3","Na3Fe3+2(AsO4)3","Na_3_Fe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","Na_3_Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Fe As O","IMA2017-105"," ",6731,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Fe^3+ As^5+ O","Khr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Khristovite-(Ce)","Khristovite-(Ce)","CaCe3+(MgAlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)F(OH)","CaCe(MgAlMn2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]F(OH)","CaCe(MgAlMn^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]F(OH)","CaCe^3+^(MgAlMn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)F(OH)","Ca Ce Mg Al Mn Si O F H","IMA1991-055"," ",2645,"Dollaseite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Ce^3+ Mg Al Mn^2+ Si O F H","Kh-Ce","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Khurayyimite","Khurayyimite","Ca7Zn2+4(Si2O7)2(OH)10·4H2O","Ca7Zn4(Si2O7)2(OH)10·4H2O","Ca_7_Zn_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_10_·4H_2_O","Ca_7_Zn^2+^_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_10_·4H_2_O","Ca Zn Si O H","IMA2018-140"," ",6871,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Zn^2+ Si O H","Khu","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Khvorovite","Khvorovite","Pb2+4Ca2[Si8B2(SiB)O28]F","Pb4Ca2[Si8B2(SiB)O28]F","Pb_4_Ca_2_[Si_8_B_2_(SiB)O_28_]F","Pb^2+^_4_Ca_2_[Si_8_B_2_(SiB)O_28_]F","Pb Ca Si B O F","IMA2014-050"," ",6347,"Hyalotekite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Ca Si B O F","Khv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kiddcreekite","Kiddcreekite","Cu6WSnS8","Cu6WSnS8","Cu_6_WSnS_8_","Cu_6_WSnS_8_","Cu W Sn S","IMA1982-106"," ",2646," ","cubic",,"Cu W Sn S","Kck","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kidwellite","Kidwellite","NaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11·3H2O (x ≈ 1/3)","NaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11·3H2O (x ≈ 0.33)","NaFe^3+^_9+x_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_11_·3H_2_O (x ≈ 0.33)","NaFe^3+^_9+x_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_11_·3H_2_O (x ≈ 1/3)","Na Fe P O H","IMA1974-024"," ",2647," ","monoclinic","P2/c","Na Fe^3+ P O H","Kdw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kieftite","Kieftite","CoSb3","CoSb3","CoSb_3_","CoSb_3_","Co Sb","IMA1991-052"," ",2648,"Skutterudite, Perovskite","cubic","Im3","Co Sb","Kie","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kieserite","Kieserite","MgS6+O4·H2O","Mg(SO4)·H2O","Mg(SO_4_)·H_2_O","MgS^6+^O_4_·H_2_O","Mg S O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2649,"Kieserite","monoclinic","C2/c","Mg S^6+ O H","Ksr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Kihlmanite-(Ce)","Kihlmanite-(Ce)","Ce3+2Ti4+O2(SiO4)(HCO3)2·H2O","Ce2TiO2(SiO4)(HCO3)2(H2O)","Ce_2_TiO_2_(SiO_4_)(HCO_3_)_2_(H_2_O)","Ce^3+^_2_Ti^4+^O_2_(SiO_4_)(HCO_3_)_2_·H_2_O","Ce Ti O Si H C","IMA2012-081"," ",6137,"Tundrite","triclinic","P1","Ce^3+ Ti^4+ O Si H C","Kih-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kilchoanite","Kilchoanite","Ca6(SiO4)(Si3O10)","Ca6(SiO4)(Si3O10)","Ca_6_(SiO_4_)(Si_3_O_10_)","Ca_6_(SiO_4_)(Si_3_O_10_)","Ca Si O"," "," ",2650," ","orthorhombic","I2cm","Ca Si O","Ki","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Killalaite","Killalaite","Ca3.2[H0.6Si2O7](OH)","Ca6.4[H0.6Si2O7]2(OH)2","Ca_6.4_[H_0.6_Si_2_O_7_]_2_(OH)_2_","Ca_3.2_[H_0.6_Si_2_O_7_](OH)","Ca H Si O","IMA1973-033"," ",2651," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca H Si O","Kil","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Kimrobinsonite","Kimrobinsonite","Ta5+(OH)3(O,CO3)","Ta(OH)3(O,CO3)","Ta(OH)_3_(O,CO_3_)","Ta^5+^(OH)_3_(O,CO_3_)","Ta O H C","IMA1983-023"," ",2652," ","cubic",,"Ta^5+ O H C","Kim","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kimuraite-(Y)","Kimuraite-(Y)","CaY2(CO3)4·6H2O","CaY2(CO3)4·6H2O","CaY_2_(CO_3_)_4_·6H_2_O","CaY_2_(CO_3_)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca Y C O H","IMA1984-073"," ",2653,"Tengerite","orthorhombic",,"Ca Y C O H","Kmu-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kimzeyite","Kimzeyite","Ca3Zr4+2(Al2Si)O12","Ca3Zr2(SiAl2)O12","Ca_3_Zr_2_(SiAl_2_)O_12_","Ca_3_Zr^4+^_2_(Al_2_Si)O_12_","Ca Zr Si Al O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2654,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Zr^4+ Al Si O","Kmz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Kingite","Kingite","Al3(PO4)2F2(OH)·7H2O","Al3(PO4)2F2(OH)·7H2O","Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_(OH)·7H_2_O","Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_(OH)·7H_2_O","Al P O F H"," "," ",2655," ","triclinic","P1","Al P O F H","Kgi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kingsgateite","Kingsgateite","Zr4+Mo6+2O7(OH)2·2H2O","ZrMo6+2O7(OH)2·2H2O","ZrMo^6+^_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Zr^4+^Mo^6+^_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Zr Mo O H","IMA2019-048"," ",6936," ","tetragonal","I41cd","Zr^4+ Mo^6+ O H","Kgg","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kingsmountite","Kingsmountite","Ca3Mn2+Fe2+Al4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O","Ca3MnFe2+Al4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O","Ca_3_MnFe^2+^Al_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_Mn^2+^Fe^2+^Al_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Ca Mn Fe Al P O H","IMA1978-041, IMA2019 s.p."," ",2656,"Calcioferrite","monoclinic","C2","Ca Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Al P O H","Kmo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kingstonite","Kingstonite","Rh3S4","Rh3S4","Rh_3_S_4_","Rh_3_S_4_","Rh S","IMA1993-046"," ",5403,"Kingstonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Rh S","Kgs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Kinichilite","Kinichilite","Mg0.5Mn2+Fe3+(Te4+O3)3·4.5H2O","Mg0.5Mn2+Fe3+(Te4+O3)3·4.5H2O","Mg_0.5_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·4.5H_2_O","Mg_0.5_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·4.5H_2_O","Mg Mn Fe Te O H","IMA1979-031"," ",2657,"Zemannite","hexagonal","P63/m","Mg Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Te^4+ O H","Kni","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kinoite","Kinoite","Ca2Cu2+2Si3O10·2H2O","Ca2Cu2Si3O10·2H2O","Ca_2_Cu_2_Si_3_O_10_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Cu^2+^_2_Si_3_O_10_·2H_2_O","Ca Cu Si O H","IMA1969-037"," ",2658," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Cu^2+ Si O H","Kin","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Kinoshitalite","Kinoshitalite","BaMg3(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","BaMg3(Si2Al2O10)(OH)2","BaMg_3_(Si_2_Al_2_O_10_)(OH)_2_","BaMg_3_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","Ba Mg Si Al O H","IMA1973-011"," ",2659,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba Mg Si Al O H","Kns","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Kintoreite","Kintoreite","Pb2+Fe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","PbFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","PbFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Pb Fe P O H","IMA1992-045"," ",2660,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Kt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kipushite","Kipushite","Cu2+6(PO4)2(OH)6·H2O","Cu6(PO4)2(OH)6·H2O","Cu_6_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·H_2_O","Cu P O H","IMA1983-046"," ",2661,"Philipsburgite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ P O H","Kip","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kircherite","Kircherite","(Na5Ca2K)(Si6Al6O24)(S6+O4)2·0.33H2O","[Na5Ca2K](Si6Al6O24)(SO4)2·0.33H2O","[Na_5_Ca_2_K](Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)(SO_4_)_2_·0.33H_2_O","(Na_5_Ca_2_K)(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·0.33H_2_O","Na Ca K Si Al O S H","IMA2009-084"," ",5813,"Cancrinite","hexagonal","R32","Na Ca K Si Al O S^6+ H","Kcr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kirchhoffite","Kirchhoffite","CsBSi2O6","CsBSi2O6","CsBSi_2_O_6_","CsBSi_2_O_6_","Cs B Si O","IMA2009-094"," ",5825," ","tetragonal","I41/acd","Cs B Si O","Khf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Kirkiite","Kirkiite","Pb2+10Bi3+3As3+3S2-19","Pb10Bi3As3S19","Pb_10_Bi_3_As_3_S_19_","Pb^2+^_10_Bi^3+^_3_As^3+^_3_S^2-^_19_","Pb Bi As S","IMA1984-030"," ",2662," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Krk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kirschsteinite","Kirschsteinite","CaFe2+SiO4","CaFe2+(SiO4)","CaFe^2+^(SiO_4_)","CaFe^2+^SiO_4_","Ca Fe Si O"," "," ",2663,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Ca Fe^2+ Si O","Kir","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Kiryuite","Kiryuite","NaMn2+Al(PO4)F3","NaMnAl(PO4)F3","NaMnAl(PO_4_)F_3_","NaMn^2+^Al(PO_4_)F_3_","Na Mn Al P O F","IMA2021-041"," ",7149,"Viitaniemiite","monoclinic","P21/m","Na Mn^2+ Al P O F","Kyu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Kishonite","Kishonite","VH2","VH2","VH_2_","VH_2_","V H","IMA2020-023"," ",7033," ","cubic","Fm3m","V H","Kis","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Kitagohaite","Kitagohaite","Pt7Cu","Pt7Cu","Pt_7_Cu","Pt_7_Cu","Pt Cu","IMA2013-114"," ",6273," ","cubic","Fm3m","Pt Cu","Kgh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Kitkaite","Kitkaite","NiTeSe","NiTeSe","NiTeSe","NiTeSe","Ni Te Se","IMA1968 s.p."," ",2664,"Melonite","hexagonal","P3m1","Ni Te Se","Kk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kittatinnyite","Kittatinnyite","Ca2Mn2+Mn3+2(SiO4)2(OH)4·9H2O","Ca2Mn2+Mn3+2(SiO4)2(OH)4·9H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·9H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·9H_2_O","Ca Mn Si O H","IMA1982-083"," ",2665," ",,,"Ca Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Si O H","Kit","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Kladnoite","Kladnoite","C6H4(CO)2NH","C6H4(CO)2NH","C_6_H_4_(CO)_2_NH","C_6_H_4_(CO)_2_NH","C H O N"," "," ",2666," ","monoclinic","P21/n","C H O N","Kdn","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Klajite","Klajite","Mn2+Cu2+4(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·9H2O","MnCu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·9H2O","MnCu_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·9H_2_O","Mn^2+^Cu^2+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·9H_2_O","Mn Cu As O H","IMA2010-004"," ",5831,"Lindackerite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Klj","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Klaprothite","Klaprothite","Na6(U6+O2)(S6+O4)4·4H2O","Na6(UO2)(SO4)4(H2O)4","Na_6_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_4_(H_2_O)_4_","Na_6_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·4H_2_O","Na U O S H","IMA2015-087"," ",6487," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Kpr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Klebelsbergite","Klebelsbergite","Sb3+4O4(S6+O4)(OH)2","Sb3+4O4(SO4)(OH)2","Sb^3+^_4_O_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_2_","Sb^3+^_4_O_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_","Sb O S H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",2667,"Klebelsbergite","orthorhombic","Pca21","Sb^3+ O S^6+ H","Kbb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kleberite","Kleberite","Fe3+Ti4+6O11(OH)5","Fe3+Ti6O11(OH)5","Fe^3+^Ti_6_O_11_(OH)_5_","Fe^3+^Ti^4+^_6_O_11_(OH)_5_","Fe Ti O H","IMA2012-023"," ",6082,"Tivanite","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O H","Kbr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kleemanite","Kleemanite","Zn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·3H2O","ZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2·3H2O","ZnAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Zn^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Zn Al P O H","IMA1978-043"," ",2668," ","monoclinic",,"Zn^2+ Al P O H","Klm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kleinite","Kleinite","(Hg2N)1+(Cl,S6+O4)·nH2O","(Hg2N)(Cl,SO4)·nH2O","(Hg_2_N)(Cl,SO_4_)·nH_2_O","(Hg_2_N)^1+^(Cl,S^6+^O_4_)·nH_2_O","Hg N Cl S O H"," "," ",2669," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Hg N Cl S^6+ O H","Kle","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Klöchite","Klochite","(Fe2+Fe3+)☐2KZn2+3(Si12O30)","(Fe2+Fe3+)☐2KZn3(Si12O30)","(Fe^2+^Fe^3+^)[box]_2_KZn_3_(Si_12_O_30_)","(Fe^2+^Fe^3+^)[box]_2_KZn^2+^_3_(Si_12_O_30_)","Fe K Zn Si O","IMA2007-054"," ",5654,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ K Zn^2+ Si O","Klö","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks","No" +"Klockmannite","Klockmannite","Cu5.2Se6","Cu5.2Se6","Cu_5.2_Se_6_","Cu_5.2_Se_6_","Cu Se"," "," ",2670,"Covellite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Cu Se","Kl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Klyuchevskite","Klyuchevskite","K3Cu2+3Fe3+O2(S6+O4)4","K3Cu3Fe3+O2(SO4)4","K_3_Cu_3_Fe^3+^O_2_(SO_4_)_4_","K_3_Cu^2+^_3_Fe^3+^O_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_","K Cu Fe O S","IMA1987-027"," ",2671,"Klyuchevskite","monoclinic","I2","K Cu^2+ Fe^3+ O S^6+","Kyv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Knasibfite","Knasibfite","K3Na4(SiF6)3(BF4)","K3Na4(SiF6)3(BF4)","K_3_Na_4_(SiF_6_)_3_(BF_4_)","K_3_Na_4_(SiF_6_)_3_(BF_4_)","K Na Si F B","IMA2006-042"," ",5594," ","orthorhombic","Imm2","K Na Si F B","Ksf","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Knorringite","Knorringite","Mg3Cr3+2(SiO4)3","Mg3Cr2(SiO4)3","Mg_3_Cr_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Mg_3_Cr^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Mg Cr Si O","IMA1968-010"," ",2673,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Mg Cr^3+ Si O","Krr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Koashvite","Koashvite","Na6CaTi4+Si6O18","Na6CaTiSi6O18","Na_6_CaTiSi_6_O_18_","Na_6_CaTi^4+^Si_6_O_18_","Na Ca Ti Si O","IMA1973-026"," ",2674,"Lovozerite-Koashvite","orthorhombic",,"Na Ca Ti^4+ Si O","Koa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kobeite-(Y)","Kobeite-(Y)","(Y,U6+,U4+)(Ti4+,Nb5+)2(O,OH)6","(Y,U)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 (?)","(Y,U)(Ti,Nb)_2_(O,OH)_6_ (?)","(Y,U^6+^,U^4+^)(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_2_(O,OH)_6_","Y U Ti Nb O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",5033," ",,,"Y U^6+ U^4+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O H","Kob-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Kobellite","Kobellite","Pb2+11(Cu1+,Fe2+)2(Bi3+,Sb3+)15S2-35","Pb11(Cu,Fe)2(Bi,Sb)15S35","Pb_11_(Cu,Fe)_2_(Bi,Sb)_15_S_35_","Pb^2+^_11_(Cu^1+^,Fe^2+^)_2_(Bi^3+^,Sb^3+^)_15_S^2-^_35_","Pb Cu Fe Bi Sb S"," "," ",2675,"Kobellite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Pb^2+ Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Bi^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Kbl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kobokoboite","Kobokoboite","Al6(PO4)4(OH)6·11H2O","Al6(PO4)4(OH)6·11H2O","Al_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·11H_2_O","Al_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·11H_2_O","Al P O H","IMA2009-057"," ",5786," ","triclinic",,"Al P O H","Kbk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kobyashevite","Kobyashevite","Cu2+5(S6+O4)2(OH)6·4H2O","Cu5(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O","Cu_5_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^_5_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Cu S O H","IMA2011-066"," ",6009,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Kby","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Kochite","Kochite","Ca2(Mn2+Zr4+)Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca2(MnZr)Na3Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca_2_(MnZr)Na_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca_2_(Mn^2+^Zr^4+^)Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca Mn Zr Na Ti Si O F","IMA2002-012"," ",5034,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Na Ti^4+ Si O F","Koh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kochkarite","Kochkarite","Pb2+Bi3+4Te2-7","PbBi4Te7","PbBi_4_Te_7_","Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_4_Te^2-^_7_","Pb Bi Te","IMA1988-030"," ",2676,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","P3m1","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Te^2-","Koc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kochsándorite","Kochsandorite","CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O","CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O","CaAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","CaAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Ca Al C O H","IMA2004-037"," ",5289,"Dundasite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca Al C O H","Ksd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Kodamaite","Kodamaite","Na3(Ca5Na)Si16O36(OH)4F2·(14-x)H2O (x ~ 5)","Na3(Ca5Na)Si16O36(OH)4F2·(14-x)H2O (x ~ 5)","Na_3_(Ca_5_Na)Si_16_O_36_(OH)_4_F_2_·(14-x)H_2_O (x ~ 5)","Na_3_(Ca_5_Na)Si_16_O_36_(OH)_4_F_2_·(14-x)H_2_O (x ~ 5)","Na Ca Si O H F","IMA2018-134"," ",6920,"Gyrolite","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Si O H F","Kod","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Koechlinite","Koechlinite","Bi3+2Mo6+O6","Bi2MoO6","Bi_2_MoO_6_","Bi^3+^_2_Mo^6+^O_6_","Bi Mo O"," "," ",2677," ","orthorhombic","Pca21","Bi^3+ Mo^6+ O","Kcl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Koenenite","Koenenite","Na4Mg9Al4Cl12(OH)22","Na4Mg9Al4Cl12(OH)22","Na_4_Mg_9_Al_4_Cl_12_(OH)_22_","Na_4_Mg_9_Al_4_Cl_12_(OH)_22_","Na Mg Al Cl O H"," "," ",2678," ","hexagonal","R3m, P3m1","Na Mg Al Cl O H","Koe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Kogarkoite","Kogarkoite","Na3S6+O4F","Na3(SO4)F","Na_3_(SO_4_)F","Na_3_S^6+^O_4_F","Na S O F","IMA1970-038"," ",2679," ","hexagonal, monoclinic","R3m, P21/m","Na S^6+ O F","Kog","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Kojonenite","Kojonenite","Pd7-xSnTe2 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8)","Pd7-xSnTe2 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8)","Pd_7-x_SnTe_2_ (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8)","Pd_7-x_SnTe_2_ (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8)","Pd Sn Te","IMA2013-132"," ",6291," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Pd Sn Te","Koj","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Kokchetavite","Kokchetavite","KAlSi3O8","K(AlSi3O8)","K(AlSi_3_O_8_)","KAlSi_3_O_8_","K Al Si O","IMA2004-011"," ",5271,"Cymrite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Al Si O","Kct","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Kokinosite","Kokinosite","Na2Ca2[V5+10O28]·24H2O","Na2Ca2(V10O28)·24H2O","Na_2_Ca_2_(V_10_O_28_)·24H_2_O","Na_2_Ca_2_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·24H_2_O","Na Ca V O H","IMA2013-099"," ",6255,"Pascoite","triclinic","P1","Na Ca V^5+ O H","Kkn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Koksharovite","Koksharovite","CaMg2Fe3+4(V5+O4)6","CaMg2Fe3+4(VO4)6","CaMg_2_Fe^3+^_4_(VO_4_)_6_","CaMg_2_Fe^3+^_4_(V^5+^O_4_)_6_","Ca Mg Fe V O","IMA2012-092"," ",6155,"Howardevansite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg Fe^3+ V^5+ O","Kok","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Koktaite","Koktaite","(N3-H4)2Ca(S6+O4)2·H2O","(NH4)2Ca(SO4)2·H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Ca(SO_4_)_2_·H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Ca(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O","N H Ca S O"," "," ",2680," ",,,"N^3- H Ca S^6+ O","Kkt","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Kolarite","Kolarite","PbTeCl2","PbTeCl2","PbTeCl_2_","PbTeCl_2_","Pb Te Cl","IMA1983-081"," ",2681," ","orthorhombic",,"Pb Te Cl","Kla","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kolbeckite","Kolbeckite","ScPO4·2H2O","Sc(PO4)·2H2O","Sc(PO_4_)·2H_2_O","ScPO_4_·2H_2_O","Sc P O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2682,"Phosphosiderite","monoclinic","P21/n","Sc P O H","Kbe","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kolfanite","Kolfanite","Ca2Fe3+3O2(As5+O4)3·2H2O","Ca2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3·2H2O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_2_(AsO_4_)_3_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_·2H_2_O","Ca Fe O As H","IMA1981-017"," ",2683,"Arseniosiderite","monoclinic",,"Ca Fe^3+ O As^5+ H","Kfn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kolicite","Kolicite","Zn2+4Mn2+7(As5+O4)2(SiO4)2(OH)8","Zn4Mn2+7(AsO4)2(SiO4)2(OH)8","Zn_4_Mn^2+^_7_(AsO_4_)_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_","Zn^2+^_4_Mn^2+^_7_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_","Zn Mn As O Si H","IMA1978-076"," ",2684," ","orthorhombic","Cmca","Zn^2+ Mn^2+ As^5+ O Si H","Kol","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kolitschite","Kolitschite","Pb2+[Zn2+0.5☐0.5]Fe3+3(As5+O4)2(OH)6","Pb[Zn0.5,☐0.5]Fe3(AsO4)2(OH)6","Pb[Zn_0.5_,[box]_0.5_]Fe_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^[Zn^2+^_0.5_[box]_0.5_]Fe^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb Zn Fe As O H","IMA2008-063"," ",5723,"Alunite","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Klt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kollerite","Kollerite","(N3-H4)2Fe3+(S4+O3)2(OH)·H2O","(NH4)2Fe3+(SO3)2(OH)·H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Fe^3+^(SO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Fe^3+^(S^4+^O_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","N H Fe S O","IMA2018-131"," ",6868,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmcm","N^3- H Fe^3+ S^4+ O","Klr","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Kolovratite","Kolovratite","(Ni2+,Zn2+)xV5+O4·nH2O","(Ni,Zn)x(VO4)·nH2O","(Ni,Zn)_x_(VO_4_)·nH_2_O","(Ni^2+^,Zn^2+^)_x_V^5+^O_4_·nH_2_O","Ni Zn V O H"," "," ",2685," ",,,"Ni^2+ Zn^2+ V^5+ O H","Klv","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kolskyite","Kolskyite","(Ca☐)Ti4+2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)2(H2O)5","(Ca☐)Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)2(H2O)5","(Ca[box])Ti_2_Na_2_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_4_(H_2_O)_2_(H_2_O)_5_","(Ca[box])Ti^4+^_2_Na_2_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_4_(H_2_O)_2_(H_2_O)_5_","Ca Ti Na Si O H","IMA2013-005"," ",6168,"Seidozerite-Murmanite","triclinic","P1","Ca Ti^4+ Na Ti Si O H","Ksy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kolwezite","Kolwezite","Cu2+Co2+CO3(OH)2","CuCo(CO3)(OH)2","CuCo(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^Co^2+^CO_3_(OH)_2_","Cu Co C O H","IMA1979-017"," ",2686,"Malachite","triclinic",,"Cu^2+ Co^2+ C O H","Kwz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kolymite","Kolymite","Cu7Hg6","Cu7Hg6","Cu_7_Hg_6_","Cu_7_Hg_6_","Cu Hg","IMA1979-046"," ",2687," ","cubic","I43m","Cu Hg","Kym","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Komarovite","Komarovite","(Ca,Sr,Na)6-x(Nb5+,Ti4+)6(Si4O12)(O,OH,F)16·nH2O","(Ca,Sr,Na)6-x(Nb,Ti)6(Si4O12)(O,OH,F)16·nH2O","(Ca,Sr,Na)_6-x_(Nb,Ti)_6_(Si_4_O_12_)(O,OH,F)_16_·nH_2_O","(Ca,Sr,Na)_6-x_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_6_(Si_4_O_12_)(O,OH,F)_16_·nH_2_O","Ca Sr Na Nb Ti Si O H F","IMA1971-011"," ",2688," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca Sr Na Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Kmv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kombatite","Kombatite","Pb2+14O9(V5+O4)2Cl4","Pb14O9(VO4)2Cl4","Pb_14_O_9_(VO_4_)_2_Cl_4_","Pb^2+^_14_O_9_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_Cl_4_","Pb O V Cl","IMA1985-056"," ",2689," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ O V^5+ Cl","Kb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Komkovite","Komkovite","BaZr4+Si3O9·3H2O","BaZrSi3O9·3H2O","BaZrSi_3_O_9_·3H_2_O","BaZr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·3H_2_O","Ba Zr Si O H","IMA1988-032"," ",2690," ","hexagonal","R32","Ba Zr^4+ Si O H","Kkv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Konderite","Konderite","Pb2+Cu2+3Rh3+8S2-16","PbCu3Rh8S16","PbCu_3_Rh_8_S_16_","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^_3_Rh^3+^_8_S^2-^_16_","Pb Cu Rh S","IMA1983-053"," ",2691," ","hexagonal",,"Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Rh^3+ S^2-","Kdr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Koninckite","Koninckite","Fe3+PO4·3H2O","Fe3+(PO4)·3H2O","Fe^3+^(PO_4_)·3H_2_O","Fe^3+^PO_4_·3H_2_O","Fe P O H"," "," ",5308," ","tetragonal",,"Fe^3+ P O H","Kon","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kononovite","Kononovite","NaMg(S6+O4)F","NaMg(SO4)F","NaMg(SO_4_)F","NaMg(S^6+^O_4_)F","Na Mg S O F","IMA2013-116"," ",6275,"Titanite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mg S^6+ O F","Knv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Konyaite","Konyaite","Na2Mg(S6+O4)2·5H2O","Na2Mg(SO4)2·5H2O","Na_2_Mg(SO_4_)_2_·5H_2_O","Na_2_Mg(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·5H_2_O","Na Mg S O H","IMA1981-003"," ",2692,"Picromerite","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Mg S^6+ O H","Kny","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Konzettite","Konzettite","CaMn4+Te6+O6","CaMn4+Te6+O6","CaMn^4+^Te^6+^O_6_","CaMn^4+^Te^6+^O_6_","Ca Mn Te O","IMA2025-051"," ",7594,"Kassite-Kuranakhite","hexagonal","P312","Ca Mn^4+ Te^6+ O"," ",,"No" +"Koragoite","Koragoite","Mn2+2Mn3+Nb5+2(Nb5+,Ta5+)3W6+2O20","Mn2+2Mn3+Nb2(Nb,Ta)3W2O20","Mn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^Nb_2_(Nb,Ta)_3_W_2_O_20_","Mn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^Nb^5+^_2_(Nb^5+^,Ta^5+^)_3_W^6+^_2_O_20_","Mn Nb Ta W O","IMA1994-049"," ",2693," ","monoclinic","P21","Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Nb^5+ Ta^5+ W^6+ O","Kgo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Koritnigite","Koritnigite","Zn2+(As5+O3OH)·H2O","Zn(AsO3OH)·H2O","Zn(AsO_3_OH)·H_2_O","Zn^2+^(As^5+^O_3_OH)·H_2_O","Zn As O H","IMA1978-008"," ",2694,"Krautite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Kor","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Kornelite","Kornelite","Fe3+2(S6+O4)3·7H2O","Fe3+2(SO4)3·7H2O (?)","Fe^3+^_2_(SO_4_)_3_·7H_2_O (?)","Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_·7H_2_O","Fe S O H"," "," ",2695,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Knl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Kornerupine","Kornerupine","(Mg,Fe2+,Al,☐)10(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH,F)2","(Mg,Fe2+,Al,☐)10(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH,F)2","(Mg,Fe^2+^,Al,[box])_10_(Si,Al,B)_5_O_21_(OH,F)_2_","(Mg,Fe^2+^,Al,[box])_10_(Si,Al,B)_5_O_21_(OH,F)_2_","Mg Fe Al Si B O H F"," "," ",2696,"Kornerupine","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Mg Fe^2+ Al Si B O H F","Krn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Korobitsynite","Korobitsynite","(Na,☐)4Ti4+2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2·4H2O","(Na,☐)4Ti2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2·4H2O","(Na,[box])_4_Ti_2_(Si_4_O_12_)(O,OH)_2_·4H_2_O","(Na,[box])_4_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)(O,OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Ti Si O H","IMA1998-019"," ",2698,"Labuntsovite","orthorhombic","Pbam","Na Ti^4+ Si O H","Kbi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Korshunovskite","Korshunovskite","Mg2Cl(OH)3·4H2O","Mg2Cl(OH)3·4H2O","Mg_2_Cl(OH)_3_·4H_2_O","Mg_2_Cl(OH)_3_·4H_2_O","Mg Cl O H","IMA1980-083"," ",2699," ","triclinic","P1","Mg Cl O H","Kss","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Koryakite","Koryakite","NaKMg2Al2(S6+O4)6","NaKMg2Al2(SO4)6","NaKMg_2_Al_2_(SO_4_)_6_","NaKMg_2_Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_","Na K Mg Al S O","IMA2018-013"," ",6756,"Millosevichite","hexagonal","R3","Na K Mg Al S^6+ O","Kyk","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Korzhinskite","Korzhinskite","CaB2O4·0.5H2O","CaB2O4·0.5H2O","CaB_2_O_4_·0.5H_2_O","CaB_2_O_4_·0.5H_2_O","Ca B O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2700," ",,,"Ca B O H","Kzh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Kosmochlor","Kosmochlor","NaCr3+Si2O6","NaCr3+Si2O6","NaCr^3+^Si_2_O_6_","NaCr^3+^Si_2_O_6_","Na Cr Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",2701,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Cr^3+ Si O","Kos","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Kosnarite","Kosnarite","KZr4+2(PO4)3","KZr2(PO4)3","KZr_2_(PO_4_)_3_","KZr^4+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_","K Zr P O","IMA1991-022"," ",2702," ","hexagonal","R3c","K Zr^4+ P O","Ksn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Kostovite","Kostovite","AuCuTe4","AuCuTe4","AuCuTe_4_","AuCuTe_4_","Au Cu Te","IMA1965-002"," ",2703," ",,,"Au Cu Te","Ktv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kostylevite","Kostylevite","K2Zr4+Si3O9·H2O","K2ZrSi3O9·H2O","K_2_ZrSi_3_O_9_·H_2_O","K_2_Zr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·H_2_O","K Zr Si O H","IMA1982-053"," ",2704," ","monoclinic","P21/b","K Zr^4+ Si O H","Ksv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kotoite","Kotoite","Mg3(BO3)2","Mg3(BO3)2","Mg_3_(BO_3_)_2_","Mg_3_(BO_3_)_2_","Mg B O"," "," ",2705," ","orthorhombic","Pnmn","Mg B O","Ko","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Kottenheimite","Kottenheimite","Ca3Si(S6+O4)2(OH)6·12H2O","Ca3Si(SO4)2(OH)6·12H2O","Ca_3_Si(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_Si(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca Si S O H","IMA2011-038"," ",5965,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Si S^6+ O H","Khm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Köttigite","Kottigite","Zn2+3(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Zn3(AsO4)2·8H2O","Zn_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Zn^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Zn As O H"," "," ",5121,"Vivianite","monoclinic","C2/m","Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Köt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kotulskite","Kotulskite","Pd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)","Pd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)","Pd(Te,Bi)_2-x_ (x ≈ 0.4)","Pd(Te,Bi)_2-x_ (x ≈ 0.4)","Pd Te Bi","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2706,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63mc","Pd Te Bi","Ktu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Koutekite","Koutekite","Cu5As2","Cu5As2","Cu_5_As_2_","Cu_5_As_2_","Cu As"," "," ",2707," ","orthorhombic","Ibam","Cu As","Kou","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kovdorskite","Kovdorskite","Mg2PO4(OH)·3H2O","Mg2(PO4)(OH)·3H2O","Mg_2_(PO_4_)(OH)·3H_2_O","Mg_2_PO_4_(OH)·3H_2_O","Mg P O H","IMA1979-066"," ",2708,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/a","Mg P O H","Kov","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Kozłowskiite","Kozlowskiite","Ca4Fe2+Sn4+3(Si2O7)2(Si2O6OH)2","Ca4Fe2+Sn3(Si2O7)2(Si2O6OH)2","Ca_4_Fe^2+^Sn_3_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(Si_2_O_6_OH)_2_","Ca_4_Fe^2+^Sn^4+^_3_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(Si_2_O_6_OH)_2_","Ca Fe Sn Si O H","IMA2021-081"," ",7189,"Kristiansenite","triclinic","C1","Ca Fe^2+ Sn^4+ Si O H","Kzw",,"No" +"Kozoite-(La)","Kozoite-(La)","LaCO3(OH)","La(CO3)(OH)","La(CO_3_)(OH)","LaCO_3_(OH)","La C O H","IMA2002-054"," ",5122,"Ancylite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","La C O H","Koz-La","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Kozoite-(Nd)","Kozoite-(Nd)","NdCO3(OH)","Nd(CO3)(OH)","Nd(CO_3_)(OH)","NdCO_3_(OH)","Nd C O H","IMA1998-063"," ",2709,"Ancylite","orthorhombic","Pmcn, Pnma","Nd C O H","Koz-Nd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Kozyrevskite","Kozyrevskite","Cu2+4O(As5+O4)2","Cu4O(AsO4)2","Cu_4_O(AsO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^_4_O(As^5+^O_4_)_2_","Cu O As","IMA2013-023"," ",6185,"Kozyrevskite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^2+ O As^5+","Kzy","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Kraisslite","Kraisslite","Zn2+3(Mn2+,Mg)25(Fe3+,Al)(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]10(OH)16","Zn3(Mn,Mg)25(Fe3+,Al)(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]10(OH)16","Zn_3_(Mn,Mg)_25_(Fe^3+^,Al)(As^3+^O_3_)_2_[(Si,As^5+^)O_4_]_10_(OH)_16_","Zn^2+^_3_(Mn^2+^,Mg)_25_(Fe^3+^,Al)(As^3+^O_3_)_2_[(Si,As^5+^)O_4_]_10_(OH)_16_","Zn Mn Mg Fe Al As O Si H","IMA1977-003"," ",2711,"Hematolite","hexagonal, orthorhombic","P6322, C2221","Zn^2+ Mn^2+ Mg Fe^3+ Al As^3+ O Si As^5+ H","Ksl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Králíkite","Kralikite","BaCl2·2H2O","BaCl2·2H2O","BaCl_2_·2H_2_O","BaCl_2_·2H_2_O","Ba Cl H O","IMA2019-070a"," ",7496," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Ba Cl H O","Kke",,"No" +"Krasheninnikovite","Krasheninnikovite","KNa2CaMg(S6+O4)3F","KNa2CaMg(SO4)3F","KNa_2_CaMg(SO_4_)_3_F","KNa_2_CaMg(S^6+^O_4_)_3_F","K Na Ca Mg S O F","IMA2011-044"," ",5972,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63/mcm","K Na Ca Mg S^6+ O F","Krh","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Krásnoite","Krasnoite","Ca3Al7.7Si3P4O23.5(OH)12.1F2·8H2O","Ca3Al7.7Si3P4O22.9(OH)13.3F2·8H2O","Ca_3_Al_7.7_Si_3_P_4_O_22.9_(OH)_13.3_F_2_·8H_2_O","Ca_3_Al_7.7_Si_3_P_4_O_23.5_(OH)_12.1_F_2_·8H_2_O","Ca Al Si P O H F","IMA2011-040, IMA2017 s.p."," ",5967,"Perhamite","hexagonal","P3m1","Ca Al Si P O H F","Krá","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Krasnoshteinite","Krasnoshteinite","Al8[B2O4(OH)2](OH)16Cl4·7H2O","Al8[B2O4(OH)2](OH)16Cl4·7H2O","Al_8_[B_2_O_4_(OH)_2_](OH)_16_Cl_4_·7H_2_O","Al_8_[B_2_O_4_(OH)_2_](OH)_16_Cl_4_·7H_2_O","Al B O H Cl","IMA2018-077"," ",6807,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21","Al B O H Cl","Knh","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Krasnovite","Krasnovite","Ba(Al,Mg)(PO4,CO3)(OH)2·H2O","Ba(Al,Mg)(PO4,CO3)(OH)2·H2O","Ba(Al,Mg)(PO_4_,CO_3_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ba(Al,Mg)(PO_4_,CO_3_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ba Al Mg P O C H","IMA1991-020"," ",2712," ","orthorhombic",,"Ba Al Mg P O C H","Kv","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kratochvílite","Kratochvilite","C13H10","C13H10","C_13_H_10_","C_13_H_10_","C H"," "," ",2713," ","orthorhombic","Pnam","C H","Ktc","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Krausite","Krausite","KFe3+(S6+O4)2·H2O","KFe3+(SO4)2·H2O","KFe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_·H_2_O","KFe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O","K Fe S O H"," "," ",2714," ","monoclinic","P21/m","K Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Ksi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Krauskopfite","Krauskopfite","BaSi2O5·3H2O","BaSi2O5·3H2O","BaSi_2_O_5_·3H_2_O","BaSi_2_O_5_·3H_2_O","Ba Si O H","IMA1964-008"," ",2715," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ba Si O H","Kkp","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Krautite","Krautite","Mn2+(As5+O3OH)·H2O","Mn(AsO3OH)·H2O","Mn(AsO_3_OH)·H_2_O","Mn^2+^(As^5+^O_3_OH)·H_2_O","Mn As O H","IMA1974-028"," ",2716,"Krautite","monoclinic","P21","Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Kra","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Kravtsovite","Kravtsovite","PdAg2S","PdAg2S","PdAg_2_S","PdAg_2_S","Pd Ag S","IMA2016-092"," ",6618,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Pd Ag S","Kvt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kreiterite","Kreiterite","CsLi2Fe3+Si4O10F2","CsLi2Fe3+Si4O10F2","CsLi_2_Fe^3+^Si_4_O_10_F_2_","CsLi_2_Fe^3+^Si_4_O_10_F_2_","Cs Li Fe Si O F","IMA2019-041"," ",6933,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","Cs Li Fe^3+ Si O F","Kre","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Kremersite","Kremersite","(N3-H4)2Fe3+Cl5·H2O","(NH4)2Fe3+Cl5·H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Fe^3+^Cl_5_·H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Fe^3+^Cl_5_·H_2_O","N H Fe Cl O"," "," ",5123," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","N^3- H Fe^3+ Cl O","Km","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Krennerite","Krennerite","Au3AgTe8","Au3AgTe8","Au_3_AgTe_8_","Au_3_AgTe_8_","Au Ag Te"," "," ",2717," ","orthorhombic","Pma2","Au Ag Te","Knn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Krettnichite","Krettnichite","Pb2+Mn3+2(V5+O4)2(OH)2","PbMn3+2(VO4)2(OH)2","PbMn^3+^_2_(VO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^Mn^3+^_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb Mn V O H","IMA1998-044"," ",2718,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Mn^3+ V^5+ O H","Knc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kribergite","Kribergite","Al5(PO4)3(S6+O4)(OH)4·4H2O","Al5(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)4·4H2O","Al_5_(PO_4_)_3_(SO_4_)(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Al_5_(PO_4_)_3_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Al P O S H"," "," ",2719," ",,,"Al P O S^6+ H","Kbg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Krieselite","Krieselite","Al2GeO4F2","Al2(GeO4)F2","Al_2_(GeO_4_)F_2_","Al_2_GeO_4_F_2_","Al Ge O F","IMA2000-043a"," ",5317,"Topaz","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Al Ge O F","Kes","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Krinovite","Krinovite","Na4(Mg8Cr3+4)O4[Si12O36]","Na4[Mg8Cr3+4]O4[Si12O36]","Na_4_[Mg_8_Cr^3+^_4_]O_4_[Si_12_O_36_]","Na_4_(Mg_8_Cr^3+^_4_)O_4_[Si_12_O_36_]","Na Mg Cr O Si","IMA1967-016"," ",2720,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Na Mg Cr^3+ O Si","Kvi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Kristiansenite","Kristiansenite","Ca4Sc2Sn4+2(Si2O7)2(Si2O6OH)2","Ca4Sc2Sn2(Si2O7)2(Si2O6OH)2","Ca_4_Sc_2_Sn_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(Si_2_O_6_OH)_2_","Ca_4_Sc_2_Sn^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(Si_2_O_6_OH)_2_","Ca Sc Sn Si O H","IMA2000-051"," ",2721,"Kristiansenite","triclinic","C1","Ca Sc Sn^4+ Si O H","Kse","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Kristjánite","Kristjanite","KNa2H(S6+O4)2","KNa2H(SO4)2","KNa_2_H(SO_4_)_2_","KNa_2_H(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","K Na H S O","IMA2022-131"," ",7358,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","K Na H S^6+ O","Kjn",,"No" +"Krivovichevite","Krivovichevite","Pb2+3Al(OH)6S6+O4(OH)","Pb3Al(OH)6(SO4)(OH)","Pb_3_Al(OH)_6_(SO_4_)(OH)","Pb^2+^_3_Al(OH)_6_S^6+^O_4_(OH)","Pb Al O H S","IMA2004-053"," ",5532," ","hexagonal","R3c","Pb^2+ Al O H S^6+","Kvv","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kröhnkite","Krohnkite","Na2Cu2+(S6+O4)2·2H2O","Na2Cu(SO4)2·2H2O","Na_2_Cu(SO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na_2_Cu^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na Cu S O H"," "," ",4906,"Roselite","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Khk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Krotite","Krotite","CaAl2O4","CaAl2O4","CaAl_2_O_4_","CaAl_2_O_4_","Ca Al O","IMA2010-038"," ",5868,"Beryllonite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca Al O","Kro","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Kroupaite","Kroupaite","KPb2+0.5[(U6+O2)8O4(OH)10]·10H2O","KPb0.5[(UO2)8O4(OH)10]·10H2O","KPb_0.5_[(UO_2_)_8_O_4_(OH)_10_]·10H_2_O","KPb^2+^_0.5_[(U^6+^O_2_)_8_O_4_(OH)_10_]·10H_2_O","K Pb U O H","IMA2017-031"," ",6669,"Schoepite","orthorhombic","Pbca","K Pb^2+ U^6+ O H","Kpa","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM27 - Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Krügerite","Krugerite","BaCa6(SiO4)2[(P0.5S6+0.5)O4]2F","BaCa6(SiO4)2[(P0.5S0.5)O4]2F","BaCa_6_(SiO_4_)_2_[(P_0.5_S_0.5_)O_4_]_2_F","BaCa_6_(SiO_4_)_2_[(P_0.5_S^6+^_0.5_)O_4_]_2_F","Ba Ca Si O P S F","IMA2023-121"," ",7477,"Arctite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Ca Si O P S^6+ F","Kgr",,"No" +"Kruijenite","Kruijenite","Ca4Al4(S6+O4)F2(OH)16·2H2O","Ca4Al4(SO4)F2(OH)16·2H2O","Ca_4_Al_4_(SO_4_)F_2_(OH)_16_·2H_2_O","Ca_4_Al_4_(S^6+^O_4_)F_2_(OH)_16_·2H_2_O","Ca Al S O F H","IMA2018-057"," ",6791,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","P4/nnc","Ca Al S^6+ O F H","Kje","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Krupičkaite","Krupickaite","Cu2+6[As5+O3(OH)]6·8H2O","Cu6[AsO3(OH)]6·8H2O","Cu_6_[AsO_3_(OH)]_6_·8H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_[As^5+^O_3_(OH)]_6_·8H_2_O","Cu As O H","IMA2020-032"," ",7041,"Lindackerite","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Kpč","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Krupkaite","Krupkaite","Cu1+Pb2+Bi3+3S2-6","PbCuBi3S6","PbCuBi_3_S_6_","Cu^1+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_3_S^2-^_6_","Pb Cu Bi S","IMA1974-020"," ",2722,"Meneghinite","orthorhombic","Pmc21, Pmcn, Pb21m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Krp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Krut'aite","Krutaite","Cu2+(Se2)2-","CuSe2","CuSe_2_","Cu^2+^(Se_2_)^2-^","Cu Se","IMA1972-001"," ",2723,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Cu^2+ Se","Krt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Krutovite","Krutovite","NiAs2","NiAs2","NiAs_2_","NiAs_2_","Ni As","IMA1975-009"," ",2724,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Ni As","Kru","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kryachkoite","Kryachkoite","(Al,Cu)6(Fe,Cu)","(Al,Cu)6(Fe,Cu)","(Al,Cu)_6_(Fe,Cu)","(Al,Cu)_6_(Fe,Cu)","Al Cu Fe","IMA2016-062"," ",6589," ","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Al Cu Fe","Kyh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Kryzhanovskite","Kryzhanovskite","(Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)3","(Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)3","(Fe^3+^,Mn^2+^)_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH,H_2_O)_3_","(Fe^3+^,Mn^2+^)_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH,H_2_O)_3_","Fe Mn P O H"," "," ",2725,"Reddingite","orthorhombic","Pbna","Fe^3+ Mn^2+ P O H","Kry","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ktenasite","Ktenasite","Zn2+Cu2+4(S6+O4)2(OH)6·6H2O","ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·6H2O","ZnCu_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Zn^2+^Cu^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Zn Cu S O H"," "," ",2726,"Ktenasite, Devilline","monoclinic","P21/c","Zn^2+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Kte","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Kuannersuite-(Ce)","Kuannersuite-(Ce)","NaCe3+Ba3(PO4)3F0.5Cl0.5","NaCeBa3(PO4)3F0.5Cl0.5","NaCeBa_3_(PO_4_)_3_F_0.5_Cl_0.5_","NaCe^3+^Ba_3_(PO_4_)_3_F_0.5_Cl_0.5_","Na Ce Ba P O F Cl","IMA2002-013"," ",5191,"Apatite","hexagonal","P3","Na Ce^3+ Ba P O F Cl","Kua-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Kudriavite","Kudriavite","(Cd2+,Pb2+)Bi3+2S2-4","(Cd,Pb)Bi2S4","(Cd,Pb)Bi_2_S_4_","(Cd^2+^,Pb^2+^)Bi^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Cd Pb Bi S","IMA2003-011"," ",5225," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cd^2+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Kdv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kudryavtsevaite","Kudryavtsevaite","Na3MgFe3+Ti4+4O12","Na3MgFe3+Ti4O12","Na_3_MgFe^3+^Ti_4_O_12_","Na_3_MgFe^3+^Ti^4+^_4_O_12_","Na Mg Fe Ti O","IMA2012-078"," ",6134,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Na Mg Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O","Kud","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Kufahrite","Kufahrite","PtPb","PtPb","PtPb","PtPb","Pt Pb","IMA2020-045"," ",7051,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Pt Pb","Kuf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Kukharenkoite-(Ce)","Kukharenkoite-(Ce)","Ba2Ce3+(CO3)3F","Ba2Ce(CO3)3F","Ba_2_Ce(CO_3_)_3_F","Ba_2_Ce^3+^(CO_3_)_3_F","Ba Ce C O F","IMA1995-040"," ",2727," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Ba Ce^3+ C O F","Kkk-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Kukharenkoite-(La)","Kukharenkoite-(La)","Ba2La(CO3)3F","Ba2La(CO3)3F","Ba_2_La(CO_3_)_3_F","Ba_2_La(CO_3_)_3_F","Ba La C O F","IMA2002-019"," ",5035," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Ba La C O F","Kkk-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kukisvumite","Kukisvumite","Na6Zn2+Ti4+4O4(SiO3)8·4H2O","Na6ZnTi4O4(SiO3)8·4H2O","Na_6_ZnTi_4_O_4_(SiO_3_)_8_·4H_2_O","Na_6_Zn^2+^Ti^4+^_4_O_4_(SiO_3_)_8_·4H_2_O","Na Zn Ti O Si H","IMA1989-052"," ",2728," ","orthorhombic","Pccn","Na Zn^2+ Ti^4+ O Si H","Kki","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kuksite","Kuksite","Pb2+3Zn2+3Te6+O6(PO4)2","Pb3Zn3TeO6(PO4)2","Pb_3_Zn_3_TeO_6_(PO_4_)_2_","Pb^2+^_3_Zn^2+^_3_Te^6+^O_6_(PO_4_)_2_","Pb Zn Te O P","IMA1989-018"," ",2729,"Dugganite","hexagonal","P321","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Te^6+ O P","Kuk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kulanite","Kulanite","BaFe2+2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3","BaFe2+2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3","BaFe^2+^_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","BaFe^2+^_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Ba Fe Al P O H","IMA1975-012"," ",2730,"Bjarebyite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ba Fe^2+ Al P O H","Kul","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kuliginite","Kuliginite","Fe2+3Mg(OH)6Cl2","Fe3Mg(OH)6Cl2","Fe_3_Mg(OH)_6_Cl_2_","Fe^2+^_3_Mg(OH)_6_Cl_2_","Fe Mg O H Cl","IMA2016-049"," ",6577,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3","Fe^2+ Mg O H Cl","Klg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration","No" +"Kuliokite-(Y)","Kuliokite-(Y)","Y4Al(SiO4)2(OH)2F5","Y4Al(SiO4)2(OH)2F5","Y_4_Al(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_F_5_","Y_4_Al(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_F_5_","Y Al Si O H F","IMA1984-064"," ",2731," ","triclinic","P1","Y Al Si O H F","Klo-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kulkeite","Kulkeite","Na0.3Mg8Al(Si,Al)8O20(OH)10","Na0.3Mg8Al(Si,Al)8O20(OH)10","Na_0.3_Mg_8_Al(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_10_","Na_0.3_Mg_8_Al(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_10_","Na Mg Al Si O H","IMA1980-031"," ",2732,"Corrensite, Clay","monoclinic",,"Na Mg Al Si O H","Klk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Kullerudite","Kullerudite","NiSe2","NiSe2","NiSe_2_","NiSe_2_","Ni Se","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2733,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Ni Se","Krd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kumdykolite","Kumdykolite","NaAlSi3O8","Na(AlSi3O8)","Na(AlSi_3_O_8_)","NaAlSi_3_O_8_","Na Al Si O","IMA2007-049"," ",5649," ","orthorhombic","Pmnn","Na Al Si O","Kdy","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Kummerite","Kummerite","Mn2+Fe3+Al(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Fe3+Al(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^Al(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^Al(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Fe Al P O H","IMA2015-036"," ",6437,"Laueite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Al P O H","Kum","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kumtyubeite","Kumtyubeite","Ca5(SiO4)2F2","Ca5(SiO4)2F2","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_2_F_2_","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_2_F_2_","Ca Si O F","IMA2008-045"," ",5706,"Humite","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Si O F","Kty","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Kunatite","Kunatite","Cu2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","CuFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Cu Fe P O H","IMA2007-057"," ",5656,"Arthurite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Kun","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Kupčíkite","Kupcikite","Cu3.4Fe0.6Bi5S10","Cu3.4Fe0.6Bi5S10","Cu_3.4_Fe_0.6_Bi_5_S_10_","Cu_3.4_Fe_0.6_Bi_5_S_10_","Cu Fe Bi S","IMA2001-017"," ",5036," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu Fe Bi S","Kup","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kupletskite","Kupletskite","K2NaMn2+7Ti4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F","K2NaMn2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F","K_2_NaMn^2+^_7_Ti_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F","K_2_NaMn^2+^_7_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F","K Na Mn Ti Si O H F"," "," ",2734,"Astrophyllite-Kupletskite","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, C2/c","K Na Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Kpt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kupletskite-(Cs)","Kupletskite-(Cs)","Cs2NaMn2+7Ti4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F","Cs2NaMn2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F","Cs_2_NaMn^2+^_7_Ti_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F","Cs_2_NaMn^2+^_7_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F","Cs Na Mn Ti Si O H F","IMA1970-009"," ",1380,"Astrophyllite-Kupletskite","triclinic","P1","Cs Na Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Kpt-Cs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kuramite","Kuramite","Cu1+2Cu2+Sn4+S2-4","Cu3SnS4","Cu_3_SnS_4_","Cu^1+^_2_Cu^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Sn S","IMA1979-013"," ",2735,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I42m","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Ku","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Kuranakhite","Kuranakhite","Pb2+Mn4+Te6+O6","PbMn4+Te6+O6","PbMn^4+^Te^6+^O_6_","Pb^2+^Mn^4+^Te^6+^O_6_","Pb Mn Te O","IMA1974-030"," ",2736,"Kassite-Kuranakhite","orthorhombic",,"Pb^2+ Mn^4+ Te^6+ O","Kkh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kuratite","Kuratite","Ca2(Fe2+5Ti4+)O2[Si4Al2O18]","Ca2(Fe2+5Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18]","Ca_2_(Fe^2+^_5_Ti)O_2_[Si_4_Al_2_O_18_]","Ca_2_(Fe^2+^_5_Ti^4+^)O_2_[Si_4_Al_2_O_18_]","Ca Fe Ti O Si Al","IMA2013-109"," ",6268,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Ca Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O Si Al","Kur","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Kurchatovite","Kurchatovite","CaMgB2O5","CaMgB2O5","CaMgB_2_O_5_","CaMgB_2_O_5_","Ca Mg B O","IMA1965-034"," ",2737," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ca Mg B O","Kht","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Kurgantaite","Kurgantaite","CaSrB5O9Cl·H2O","CaSrB5O9Cl·H2O","CaSrB_5_O_9_Cl·H_2_O","CaSrB_5_O_9_Cl·H_2_O","Ca Sr B O Cl H","IMA2000 s.p."," ",2738,"Hilgardite","triclinic","P1","Ca Sr B O Cl H","Kga","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Kurilite","Kurilite","Ag8Te3Se","Ag8Te3Se","Ag_8_Te_3_Se","Ag_8_Te_3_Se","Ag Te Se","IMA2009-080"," ",5809,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal",,"Ag Te Se","Kri","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kurnakovite","Kurnakovite","MgB3O3(OH)5·5H2O","MgB3O3(OH)5·5H2O","MgB_3_O_3_(OH)_5_·5H_2_O","MgB_3_O_3_(OH)_5_·5H_2_O","Mg B O H"," "," ",2739," ","triclinic","P1","Mg B O H","Kko","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Kurumsakite","Kurumsakite","Zn2+8Al8V5+2Si5O35·27H2O","Zn8Al8V5+2Si5O35·27H2O (?)","Zn_8_Al_8_V^5+^_2_Si_5_O_35_·27H_2_O (?)","Zn^2+^_8_Al_8_V^5+^_2_Si_5_O_35_·27H_2_O","Zn Al V Si O H"," "," ",5124," ",,,"Zn^2+ Al V^5+ Si O H","Krm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kusachiite","Kusachiite","Cu2+Bi3+2O4","Cu2+Bi3+2O4","Cu^2+^Bi^3+^_2_O_4_","Cu^2+^Bi^3+^_2_O_4_","Cu Bi O","IMA1992-024"," ",2740,"Minium","tetragonal","P4/ncc","Cu^2+ Bi^3+ O","Kus","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kushiroite","Kushiroite","CaAl(AlSi)O6","CaAlAlSiO6","CaAlAlSiO_6_","CaAl(AlSi)O_6_","Ca Al Si O","IMA2008-059"," ",5719,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Al Si O","Ks","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Kutinaite","Kutinaite","Ag6Cu14As7","Ag6Cu14As7","Ag_6_Cu_14_As_7_","Ag_6_Cu_14_As_7_","Ag Cu As","IMA1969-034"," ",2741," ","cubic","Pm3m","Ag Cu As","Kti","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Kutnohorite","Kutnohorite","CaMn2+(CO3)2","CaMn2+(CO3)2","CaMn^2+^(CO_3_)_2_","CaMn^2+^(CO_3_)_2_","Ca Mn C O"," "," ",2742,"Calcite-Dolomite","hexagonal","R3c, R3","Ca Mn^2+ C O","Kut","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Kuvaevite","Kuvaevite","Ir5Ni10S16","Ir5Ni10S16","Ir_5_Ni_10_S_16_","Ir_5_Ni_10_S_16_","Ir Ni S","IMA2020-043"," ",7061,"Kuvaevite","hexagonal","R3m","Ir Ni S","Kuv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Kuzelite","Kuzelite","Ca4Al2(OH)12(S6+O4)·6H2O","Ca4Al2(OH)12(SO4)·6H2O","Ca_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(SO_4_)·6H_2_O","Ca_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(S^6+^O_4_)·6H_2_O","Ca Al O H S","IMA1996-053"," ",2743,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3","Ca Al O H S^6+","Kuz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Kuzmenkoite-Mn","Kuzmenkoite-Mn","K4Mn2+2Ti4+8(Si4O12)4(OH,O)8·10-12H2O","K2MnTi4(Si4O12)2(OH)4·5-6H2O","K_2_MnTi_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(OH)_4_·5-6H_2_O","K_4_Mn^2+^_2_Ti^4+^_8_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_(OH,O)_8_·10-12H_2_O","K Mn Ti Si O H","IMA1998-058"," ",2744,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","Cm","K Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Kz-Mn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kuzmenkoite-Zn","Kuzmenkoite-Zn","K2Zn2+Ti4+4(Si4O12)2(OH)4·6-8H2O","K2ZnTi4(Si4O12)2(OH)4·6-8H2O","K_2_ZnTi_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(OH)_4_·6-8H_2_O","K_2_Zn^2+^Ti^4+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(OH)_4_·6-8H_2_O","K Zn Ti Si O H","IMA2001-037"," ",2745,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","Cm","K Zn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Kz-Zn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kuzminite","Kuzminite","Hg1+Br","HgBr","HgBr","Hg^1+^Br","Hg Br","IMA1986-005"," ",2746," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm, P42/mnm","Hg^1+ Br","Kzm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kuznetsovite","Kuznetsovite","Hg1+2Hg2+(As5+O4)Cl","Hg1+2Hg2+(AsO4)Cl","Hg^1+^_2_Hg^2+^(AsO_4_)Cl","Hg^1+^_2_Hg^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)Cl","Hg As O Cl","IMA1980-009"," ",2747," ","cubic","P213","Hg^1+ Hg^2+ As^5+ O Cl","Kzn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kvačekite","Kvacekite","Ni3+(SbSe)3-","NiSbSe","NiSbSe","Ni^3+^(SbSe)^3-^","Ni Sb Se","IMA2023-095"," ",7437,"Ullmannite","cubic","P213","Ni^3+ Sb Se","Kvč",,"No" +"Kvanefjeldite","Kvanefjeldite","Na4CaSi6O14(OH)2","Na4CaSi6O14(OH)2","Na_4_CaSi_6_O_14_(OH)_2_","Na_4_CaSi_6_O_14_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Si O H","IMA1982-079"," ",2748," ","orthorhombic","Pcab","Na Ca Si O H","Kva","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Kyanite","Kyanite","Al2OSiO4","Al2OSiO4","Al_2_OSiO_4_","Al_2_OSiO_4_","Al O Si","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2749,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Al O Si","Ky","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Kyanoxalite","Kyanoxalite","Na7(Al5-6Si6-7O24)((C2)6+O4)0.5-1.0·5H2O","Na7(Al5-6Si6-7O24)(C2O4)0.5-1.0·5H2O","Na_7_(Al_5-6_Si_6-7_O_24_)(C_2_O_4_)_0.5-1.0_·5H_2_O","Na_7_(Al_5-6_Si_6-7_O_24_)((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)_0.5-1.0_·5H_2_O","Na Al Si O C H","IMA2008-041"," ",5700,"Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite, Oxalate","hexagonal","P63","Na Al Si O C H","Kox","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Kyawthuite","Kyawthuite","Bi3+Sb5+O4","Bi3+Sb5+O4","Bi^3+^Sb^5+^O_4_","Bi^3+^Sb^5+^O_4_","Bi Sb O","IMA2015-078"," ",6477,"Clinocervantite","monoclinic","I2/c","Bi^3+ Sb^5+ O","Kyw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Kyrgyzstanite","Kyrgyzstanite","Zn2+Al4S6+O4(OH)12·3H2O","ZnAl4(SO4)(OH)12·3H2O","ZnAl_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_12_·3H_2_O","Zn^2+^Al_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_12_·3H_2_O","Zn Al S O H","IMA2004-024"," ",5404,"Chalcoalumite","monoclinic","P21/n","Zn^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Kyr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Kyzylkumite","Kyzylkumite","Ti4+2V3+O5(OH)","Ti2V3+O5(OH)","Ti_2_V^3+^O_5_(OH)","Ti^4+^_2_V^3+^O_5_(OH)","Ti V O H","IMA1980-081"," ",2750," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ti^4+ V^3+ O H","Kyz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Laachite","Laachite","(Ca,Mn2+)2Zr4+2Nb5+2Ti4+Fe2+O14","(Ca,Mn)2Zr2Nb2TiFeO14","(Ca,Mn)_2_Zr_2_Nb_2_TiFeO_14_","(Ca,Mn^2+^)_2_Zr^4+^_2_Nb^5+^_2_Ti^4+^Fe^2+^O_14_","Ca Mn Zr Nb Ti Fe O","IMA2012-100"," ",6163,"Zirconolite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Fe^2+ O","Laa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Labuntsovite-Fe","Labuntsovite-Fe","Na4K4Fe2+2Ti4+8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8·10-12H2O","Na4K4Fe2+2Ti8O4(Si4O12)4(OH)4·10-12H2O","Na_4_K_4_Fe^2+^_2_Ti_8_O_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_(OH)_4_·10-12H_2_O","Na_4_K_4_Fe^2+^_2_Ti^4+^_8_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_(O,OH)_8_·10-12H_2_O","Na K Fe Ti O Si H","IMA1998-051a"," ",2751,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na K Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Lab-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Labuntsovite-Mg","Labuntsovite-Mg","Na4K4Mg2Ti4+8O4(Si4O12)4(OH)4·10-12H2O","Na4K4Mg2Ti8O4(Si4O12)4(OH)4·10-12H2O","Na_4_K_4_Mg_2_Ti_8_O_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_(OH)_4_·10-12H_2_O","Na_4_K_4_Mg_2_Ti^4+^_8_O_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_(OH)_4_·10-12H_2_O","Na K Mg Ti O Si H","IMA1998-050a"," ",2752,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na K Mg Ti^4+ O Si H","Lab-Mg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Labuntsovite-Mn","Labuntsovite-Mn","Na4K4Mn2+2Ti4+8O4(Si4O12)4(OH)4·10-12H2O","Na4K4Mn2+2Ti8O4(Si4O12)4(OH)4·10-12H2O","Na_4_K_4_Mn^2+^_2_Ti_8_O_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_(OH)_4_·10-12H_2_O","Na_4_K_4_Mn^2+^_2_Ti^4+^_8_O_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_(OH)_4_·10-12H_2_O","Na K Mn Ti O Si H","IMA2000 s.p."," ",2753,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m, B2/m","Na K Mn^2+ Ti^4+ O Si H","Lab-Mn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Labyrinthite","Labyrinthite","(Na,K,Sr)35Ca12Fe2+3Zr4+6Ti4+Si51O144(O,OH,H2O)9Cl3","(Na,K,Sr)35Ca12Fe3Zr6TiSi51O144(O,OH,H2O)9Cl3","(Na,K,Sr)_35_Ca_12_Fe_3_Zr_6_TiSi_51_O_144_(O,OH,H_2_O)_9_Cl_3_","(Na,K,Sr)_35_Ca_12_Fe^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_6_Ti^4+^Si_51_O_144_(O,OH,H_2_O)_9_Cl_3_","Na K Sr Ca Fe Zr Ti Si O H Cl","IMA2002-065"," ",2754,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3","Na K Sr Ca Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Ti^4+ Si O H Cl","Lby","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lacroixite","Lacroixite","NaAl(PO4)F","NaAl(PO4)F","NaAl(PO_4_)F","NaAl(PO_4_)F","Na Al P O F"," "," ",2755,"Titanite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Al P O F","Lac","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Laffittite","Laffittite","Ag1+Hg2+As3+S2-3","AgHgAsS3","AgHgAsS_3_","Ag^1+^Hg^2+^As^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag Hg As S","IMA1973-031"," ",2756,"Rocksalt","monoclinic","Aa","Ag^1+ Hg^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Lft","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Laflammeite","Laflammeite","Pd3Pb2S2","Pd3Pb2S2","Pd_3_Pb_2_S_2_","Pd_3_Pb_2_S_2_","Pd Pb S","IMA2000-014"," ",2757," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Pd Pb S","Lfl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Laforêtite","Laforetite","Ag1+In3+S2-2","AgInS2","AgInS_2_","Ag^1+^In^3+^S^2-^_2_","Ag In S","IMA1995-006"," ",2758,"Chalcopyrite","tetragonal","I42d","Ag^1+ In^3+ S^2-","Laf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Lafossaite","Lafossaite","Tl1+Cl","TlCl","TlCl","Tl^1+^Cl","Tl Cl","IMA2003-032"," ",5239," ","cubic","Pm3m","Tl^1+ Cl","Lfs","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Lagalyite","Lagalyite","Ca2xMn4+1-xO2·1.5-2H2O (x = 0.05-0.08)","Ca2xMn1-xO2·1.5-2H2O (x = 0.05-0.08)","Ca_2x_Mn_1-x_O_2_·1.5-2H_2_O (x = 0.05-0.08)","Ca_2x_Mn^4+^_1-x_O_2_·1.5-2H_2_O (x = 0.05-0.08)","Ca Mn O H","IMA2016-106"," ",6633," ","monoclinic","C2","Ca Mn^4+ O H","Lag","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lahnsteinite","Lahnsteinite","Zn2+4(S6+O4)(OH)6·3H2O","Zn4(SO4)(OH)6·3H2O","Zn_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Zn^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Zn S O H","IMA2012-002"," ",6059,"Ktenasite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Lah","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Laihunite","Laihunite","(Fe3+,Fe2+,☐)2SiO4","(Fe3+,Fe2+,☐)2(SiO4)","(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,[box])_2_(SiO_4_)","(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,[box])_2_SiO_4_","Fe Si O","IMA1988-xxx"," ",2759," ","monoclinic","P21/b","Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Si O","Lai","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Laitakarite","Laitakarite","Bi4(Se,S)3","Bi4(Se,S)3","Bi_4_(Se,S)_3_","Bi_4_(Se,S)_3_","Bi Se S","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2760,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","R3m","Bi Se S","Ltk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Lakargiite","Lakargiite","CaZr4+O3","CaZrO3","CaZrO_3_","CaZr^4+^O_3_","Ca Zr O","IMA2007-014"," ",5620,"Perovskite","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Ca Zr^4+ O","Lak","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Lakebogaite","Lakebogaite","NaCaFe3+2H(U6+O2)2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","NaCaFe2H(UO2)2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","NaCaFe_2_H(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","NaCaFe^3+^_2_H(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Na Ca Fe H U O P","IMA2007-001"," ",5588," ","monoclinic","Cc","Na Ca Fe^3+ H U^6+ O P","Lbg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lalondeite","Lalondeite","(Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2·3H2O","(Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2·3H2O","(Na,Ca)_6_(Ca,Na)_3_Si_16_O_38_(F,OH)_2_·3H_2_O","(Na,Ca)_6_(Ca,Na)_3_Si_16_O_38_(F,OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Na Ca Si O F H","IMA2002-026"," ",2761,"Gyrolite","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Si O F H","Lal","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lammerite","Lammerite","Cu2+3(As5+O4)2","Cu3(AsO4)2","Cu_3_(AsO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_","Cu As O","IMA1980-016"," ",2762," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Cu^2+ As^5+ O","Lmr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Lamprophyllite","Lamprophyllite","(SrNa)Ti4+2Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2","(SrNa)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2","(SrNa)Ti_2_Na_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_","(SrNa)Ti^4+^_2_Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_","Sr Na Ti Si O H","IMA2016 s.p."," ",2763,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","C2/m, Pnmn","Sr Na Ti^4+ Si O H","Lmp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lanarkite","Lanarkite","Pb2+2O(S6+O4)","Pb2O(SO4)","Pb_2_O(SO_4_)","Pb^2+^_2_O(S^6+^O_4_)","Pb O S"," "," ",2764," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ O S^6+","Lan","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Landauite","Landauite","(Na,Pb2+)(Mn2+,Y)(Zn2+,Fe2+)2(Ti4+,Fe3+,Nb5+)18(O,OH,F)O38","(Na,Pb)(Mn2+,Y)(Zn,Fe)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)18(O,OH,F)O38","(Na,Pb)(Mn^2+^,Y)(Zn,Fe)_2_(Ti,Fe^3+^,Nb)_18_(O,OH,F)O_38_","(Na,Pb^2+^)(Mn^2+^,Y)(Zn^2+^,Fe^2+^)_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Nb^5+^)_18_(O,OH,F)O_38_","Na Pb Mn Y Zn Fe Ti Nb O H F","IMA1965-033"," ",2765,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Na Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Y Zn^2+ Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Nb^5+ O H F","Lda","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Landesite","Landesite","Mn2+9Fe3+3(PO4)8(OH)3·9H2O","Mn2+9Fe3+3(PO4)8(OH)3·9H2O","Mn^2+^_9_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_8_(OH)_3_·9H_2_O","Mn^2+^_9_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_8_(OH)_3_·9H_2_O","Mn Fe P O H","IMA1964 s.p."," ",2766,"Reddingite","orthorhombic","Pbna","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Lds","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Långbanite","Langbanite","Mn2+4Mn3+9Sb5+O16(SiO4)2","Mn2+4Mn3+9Sb5+O16(SiO4)2","Mn^2+^_4_Mn^3+^_9_Sb^5+^O_16_(SiO_4_)_2_","Mn^2+^_4_Mn^3+^_9_Sb^5+^O_16_(SiO_4_)_2_","Mn Sb O Si","IMA1971 s.p."," ",2767," ","hexagonal, monoclinic","P31m, C2/m","Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Sb^5+ O Si","Lgb","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Långbanshyttanite","Langbanshyttanite","Pb2+2Mn2+2Mg(As5+O4)2(OH)4·6H2O","Pb2Mn2Mg(AsO4)2(OH)4·6H2O","Pb_2_Mn_2_Mg(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_Mn^2+^_2_Mg(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Pb Mn Mg As O H","IMA2010-071"," ",5910,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Mg As^5+ O H","Lbs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Langbeinite","Langbeinite","K2Mg2(S6+O4)3","K2Mg2(SO4)3","K_2_Mg_2_(SO_4_)_3_","K_2_Mg_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","K Mg S O"," "," ",2768,"Langbeinite","cubic","P213","K Mg S^6+ O","Lbn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Langhofite","Langhofite","Pb2+2(OH)[W6+O4(OH)]","Pb2(OH)[WO4(OH)]","Pb_2_(OH)[WO_4_(OH)]","Pb^2+^_2_(OH)[W^6+^O_4_(OH)]","Pb O H W","IMA2019-005"," ",6894,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ O H W^6+","Lhf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Langisite","Langisite","CoAs","CoAs","CoAs","CoAs","Co As","IMA1968-023"," ",2769,"Nickeline","orthorhombic","Pnma","Co As","Lgi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Langite","Langite","Cu2+4S6+O4(OH)6·2H2O","Cu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O","Cu_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Cu S O H"," "," ",2770,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","Pc","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Lgt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Lanmuchangite","Lanmuchangite","Tl1+Al(S6+O4)2·12H2O","TlAl(SO4)2·12H2O","TlAl(SO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Tl^1+^Al(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Tl Al S O H","IMA2001-018"," ",2771,"Alum","cubic","Pa3","Tl^1+ Al S^6+ O H","Lmh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lannonite","Lannonite","HCa4Mg2Al4(S6+O4)8F9·32H2O","HCa4Mg2Al4(SO4)8F9·32H2O","HCa_4_Mg_2_Al_4_(SO_4_)_8_F_9_·32H_2_O","HCa_4_Mg_2_Al_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_8_F_9_·32H_2_O","H Ca Mg Al S O F","IMA1979-069"," ",2772," ","tetragonal",,"H Ca Mg Al S^6+ O F","Lnn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Lansfordite","Lansfordite","MgCO3·5H2O","Mg(CO3)·5H2O","Mg(CO_3_)·5H_2_O","MgCO_3_·5H_2_O","Mg C O H"," "," ",2773," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg C O H","Lfd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Lanthanite-(Ce)","Lanthanite-(Ce)","Ce3+2(CO3)3·8H2O","Ce2(CO3)3·8H2O","Ce_2_(CO_3_)_3_·8H_2_O","Ce^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_3_·8H_2_O","Ce C O H","IMA1983-055"," ",2774,"Lanthanite","orthorhombic","Pbnb","Ce^3+ C O H","Ltn-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lanthanite-(La)","Lanthanite-(La)","La2(CO3)3·8H2O","La2(CO3)3·8H2O","La_2_(CO_3_)_3_·8H_2_O","La_2_(CO_3_)_3_·8H_2_O","La C O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2775,"Lanthanite","orthorhombic","Pbnb, Pccn","La C O H","Ltn-La","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lanthanite-(Nd)","Lanthanite-(Nd)","Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O","Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O","Nd_2_(CO_3_)_3_·8H_2_O","Nd_2_(CO_3_)_3_·8H_2_O","Nd C O H","IMA1979-074"," ",2776,"Lanthanite","orthorhombic","Pbnb, Pccn","Nd C O H","Ltn-Nd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lapeyreite","Lapeyreite","Cu2+3O[As5+O3(OH)]2·H2O","Cu3O[AsO3(OH)]2·H2O","Cu_3_O[AsO_3_(OH)]_2_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_O[As^5+^O_3_(OH)]_2_·H_2_O","Cu O As H","IMA2003-023b"," ",5689," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^2+ O As^5+ H","Lpy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Laphamite","Laphamite","As2Se3","As2Se3","As_2_Se_3_","As_2_Se_3_","As Se","IMA1985-021"," ",2777,"Orpiment","monoclinic","P21/n","As Se","Lpm","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Lapieite","Lapieite","Cu1+Ni2+Sb3+S2-3","CuNiSbS3","CuNiSbS_3_","Cu^1+^Ni^2+^Sb^3+^S^2-^_3_","Cu Ni Sb S","IMA1983-002"," ",2778,"Lapieite","orthorhombic","P212121","Cu^1+ Ni^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Lap","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Laplandite-(Ce)","Laplandite-(Ce)","Na4Ce3+Ti4+PSi7O22·5H2O","Na4CeTiPSi7O22·5H2O","Na_4_CeTiPSi_7_O_22_·5H_2_O","Na_4_Ce^3+^Ti^4+^PSi_7_O_22_·5H_2_O","Na Ce Ti P Si O H","IMA1974-005, IMA1987 s.p."," ",2779," ","orthorhombic","Pmmm","Na Ce^3+ Ti^4+ P Si O H","Lpl-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Laptevite-(Ce)","Laptevite-(Ce)","NaFe2+((Ce,REE)7Ca5Y3)(SiO4)4(Si3B2PO18)(BO3)F11","NaFe2+(REE7Ca5Y3)(SiO4)4(Si3B2PO18)(BO3)F11","NaFe^2+^(REE_7_Ca_5_Y_3_)(SiO_4_)_4_(Si_3_B_2_PO_18_)(BO_3_)F_11_","NaFe^2+^((Ce,REE)_7_Ca_5_Y_3_)(SiO_4_)_4_(Si_3_B_2_PO_18_)(BO_3_)F_11_","Na Fe REE Ca Y Si O B P F","IMA2011-081"," ",6026," ","hexagonal","R3m","Na Fe^2+ Ce REE Ca Y Si O B P F","Lpt-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Larderellite","Larderellite","N3-H4B5O7(OH)2·H2O","(NH4)B5O7(OH)2·H2O","(NH_4_)B_5_O_7_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","N^3-^H_4_B_5_O_7_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","N H B O"," "," ",2780,"Larderellite","monoclinic","P21/c","N^3- H B O","Ldr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Larisaite","Larisaite","Na(H3O)(U6+O2)3(Se4+O3)2O2·4H2O","Na(H3O)(UO2)3(Se4+O3)2O2·4H2O","Na(H_3_O)(UO_2_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_O_2_·4H_2_O","Na(H_3_O)(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_O_2_·4H_2_O","Na H O U Se","IMA2002-061"," ",5210,"Guilleminite","monoclinic","Pm","Na H O U^6+ Se^4+","Ls","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Larnite","Larnite","Ca2SiO4","Ca2(SiO4)","Ca_2_(SiO_4_)","Ca_2_SiO_4_","Ca Si O"," "," ",2781,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca Si O","Lrn","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Larosite","Larosite","(Cu1+,Ag1+)21Pb2+Bi3+S2-13","(Cu,Ag)21PbBiS13","(Cu,Ag)_21_PbBiS_13_","(Cu^1+^,Ag^1+^)_21_Pb^2+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_13_","Cu Ag Pb Bi S","IMA1971-014"," ",2782," ","orthorhombic",,"Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Lar","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Larsenite","Larsenite","Pb2+Zn2+SiO4","ZnPb(SiO4)","ZnPb(SiO_4_)","Pb^2+^Zn^2+^SiO_4_","Zn Pb Si O"," "," ",2783," ","orthorhombic","Pna21","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Si O","Lsn","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Lasalite","Lasalite","Na2Mg2[V5+10O28]·20H2O","Na2Mg2V10O28·20H2O","Na_2_Mg_2_V_10_O_28_·20H_2_O","Na_2_Mg_2_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·20H_2_O","Na Mg V O H","IMA2007-005"," ",5559,"Pascoite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mg V^5+ O H","Las","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Lasmanisite","Lasmanisite","Ag1+12Pb2+13Mn2+11Sb3+44S2-96","Ag12Pb13Mn11Sb44S96","Ag_12_Pb_13_Mn_11_Sb_44_S_96_","Ag^1+^_12_Pb^2+^_13_Mn^2+^_11_Sb^3+^_44_S^2-^_96_","Ag Pb Mn Sb S","IMA2022-128"," ",7342,"Lillianite","orthorhombic","P212121","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Lmn",,"No" +"Lasnierite","Lasnierite","(Ca,Sr)(Mg,Fe2+)2Al(PO4)3","(Ca,Sr)(Mg,Fe2+)2Al(PO4)3","(Ca,Sr)(Mg,Fe^2+^)_2_Al(PO_4_)_3_","(Ca,Sr)(Mg,Fe^2+^)_2_Al(PO_4_)_3_","Ca Sr Mg Fe Al P O","IMA2017-084"," ",6729,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Ca Sr Mg Fe^2+ Al P O","Lnr","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Latiumite","Latiumite","(Ca,K)4(Si,Al)5O11(S6+O4,CO3)","(Ca,K)4(Si,Al)5O11(SO4,CO3)","(Ca,K)_4_(Si,Al)_5_O_11_(SO_4_,CO_3_)","(Ca,K)_4_(Si,Al)_5_O_11_(S^6+^O_4_,CO_3_)","Ca K Si Al O S C"," "," ",2784,"Latiumite","monoclinic","P21","Ca K Si Al O S^6+ C","Lat","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Latrappite","Latrappite","Ca2Fe3+Nb5+O6","Ca2NbFe3+O6","Ca_2_NbFe^3+^O_6_","Ca_2_Fe^3+^Nb^5+^O_6_","Ca Nb Fe O","IMA1964-019, IMA2016 s.p."," ",2785,"Perovskite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Ca Fe^3+ Nb^5+ O","Ltp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Laueite","Laueite","Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Fe P O H"," "," ",2786,"Laueite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Lae","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Laumontite","Laumontite","Ca(Si4Al2)O12·4H2O","CaAl2Si4O12·4H2O","CaAl_2_Si_4_O_12_·4H_2_O","Ca(Si_4_Al_2_)O_12_·4H_2_O","Ca Al Si O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2787,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Si Al O H","Lmt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Launayite","Launayite","Cu1+Pb2+10(Sb3+,As3+)13S2-30","CuPb10(Sb,As)13S30","CuPb_10_(Sb,As)_13_S_30_","Cu^1+^Pb^2+^_10_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_13_S^2-^_30_","Cu Pb Sb As S","IMA1966-021"," ",2788,"Madocite","monoclinic",,"Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Lau","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Lauraniite","Lauraniite","Cu2+6Cd2+2(S6+O4)2(OH)12·5H2O","Cu6Cd2(SO4)2(OH)12·5H2O","Cu_6_Cd_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_12_·5H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_Cd^2+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_12_·5H_2_O","Cu Cd S O H","IMA2019-049"," ",6937,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Cd^2+ S^6+ O H","Lra","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Laurelite","Laurelite","Pb2+7F12Cl2","Pb7F12Cl2","Pb_7_F_12_Cl_2_","Pb^2+^_7_F_12_Cl_2_","Pb F Cl","IMA1988-020a"," ",2789," ","hexagonal","P6","Pb^2+ F Cl","Lrl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Laurentianite","Laurentianite","Na3Nb5+3Si4O17·9H2O","[NbO(H2O)]3(Si2O7)2[Na(H2O)2]3","[NbO(H_2_O)]_3_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_[Na(H_2_O)_2_]_3_","Na_3_Nb^5+^_3_Si_4_O_17_·9H_2_O","Nb O H Si Na","IMA2010-018"," ",5847,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P3","Na Nb^5+ Si O H","Lre","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Laurentthomasite","Laurentthomasite","Mg2K(Be2Al)Si12O30","Mg2K(Be2Al)Si12O30","Mg_2_K(Be_2_Al)Si_12_O_30_","Mg_2_K(Be_2_Al)Si_12_O_30_","Mg K Be Al Si O","IMA2018-157"," ",6882,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","Mg K Be Al Si O","Ltm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Laurionite","Laurionite","Pb2+Cl(OH)","PbCl(OH)","PbCl(OH)","Pb^2+^Cl(OH)","Pb Cl O H"," "," ",2790," ","orthorhombic","Pcmn, Pbnm, Pnam","Pb^2+ Cl O H","Lri","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Laurite","Laurite","Ru2+(S2)2-","RuS2","RuS_2_","Ru^2+^(S_2_)^2-^","Ru S"," "," ",2791,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Ru^2+ S","Lrt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Lausenite","Lausenite","Fe3+2(S6+O4)3·5H2O","Fe3+2(SO4)3·5H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(SO_4_)_3_·5H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_·5H_2_O","Fe S O H"," "," ",2792,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/m","Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Lse","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Lautarite","Lautarite","Ca(I5+O3)2","Ca(IO3)2","Ca(IO_3_)_2_","Ca(I^5+^O_3_)_2_","Ca I O"," "," ",2793," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca I^5+ O","Ltr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Lautenthalite","Lautenthalite","Pb2+Cu2+4(S6+O4)2(OH)6·3H2O","PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O","PbCu_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Pb Cu S O H","IMA1983-029"," ",2794,"Devilline","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Lth","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Lautite","Lautite","CuAsS","CuAsS","CuAsS","CuAsS","Cu As S"," "," ",2795," ","orthorhombic","Pna21, Pnma","Cu As S","Ltt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Lavendulan","Lavendulan","NaCaCu2+5(As5+O4)4Cl·5H2O","NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O","NaCaCu_5_(AsO_4_)_4_Cl·5H_2_O","NaCaCu^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_Cl·5H_2_O","Na Ca Cu As O Cl H"," "," ",2796," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O Cl H","Lvd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Låvenite","Lavenite","(Na,Ca)2(Mn2+,Fe2+)(Zr4+,Ti4+,Nb5+)(Si2O7)(O,F)2","(Na,Ca)4(Mn2+,Fe2+)2(Zr,Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2(O,F)4","(Na,Ca)_4_(Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^)_2_(Zr,Ti,Nb)_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(O,F)_4_","(Na,Ca)_2_(Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^)(Zr^4+^,Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(O,F)_2_","Na Ca Mn Fe Zr Ti Nb Si O F"," "," ",2797,"Wöhlerite","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Ca Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O F","Låv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Laverovite","Laverovite","K2NaMn2+7Zr4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F","K2NaMn7Zr2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F","K_2_NaMn_7_Zr_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F","K_2_NaMn^2+^_7_Zr^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F","K Na Mn Zr Si O H F","IMA2017-009b"," ",6803,"Astrophyllite","triclinic","P1","K Na Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Si O H F","Lvv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lavinskyite","Lavinskyite","K(LiCu2+)Cu2+6(Si4O11)2(OH)4","K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4","K(LiCu)Cu_6_(Si_4_O_11_)_2_(OH)_4_","K(LiCu^2+^)Cu^2+^_6_(Si_4_O_11_)_2_(OH)_4_","K Li Cu Si O H","IMA2012-028"," ",6038,"Plancheite","orthorhombic","Pcnb","K Li Cu^2+ Si O H","Lvs","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Lavoisierite","Lavoisierite","Mn2+8[Al10(Mn3+Mg)][Si11P]O44(OH)12","Mn2+8[Al10(Mn3+Mg)][Si11P]O44(OH)12","Mn^2+^_8_[Al_10_(Mn^3+^Mg)][Si_11_P]O_44_(OH)_12_","Mn^2+^_8_[Al_10_(Mn^3+^Mg)][Si_11_P]O_44_(OH)_12_","Mn Al Mg Si P O H","IMA2012-009"," ",6068,"Ardennite","orthorhombic","Pnmm","Mn^2+ Al Mn^3+ Mg Si P O H","Lvo","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Lavrentievite","Lavrentievite","Hg3S2Cl2","Hg3S2Cl2","Hg_3_S_2_Cl_2_","Hg_3_S_2_Cl_2_","Hg S Cl","IMA1984-020"," ",2798," ","monoclinic, triclinic",,"Hg S Cl","Lvr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Lawrencite","Lawrencite","Fe2+Cl2","FeCl2","FeCl_2_","Fe^2+^Cl_2_","Fe Cl"," "," ",2799,"Scacchite","hexagonal","R3m","Fe^2+ Cl","Law","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Lawsonbauerite","Lawsonbauerite","Mn2+9Zn2+4(S6+O4)2(OH)22·8H2O","Mn2+9Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22·8H2O","Mn^2+^_9_Zn_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_22_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^_9_Zn^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_22_·8H_2_O","Mn Zn S O H","IMA1979-004"," ",2800," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Lwb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lawsonite","Lawsonite","CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O","CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O","CaAl_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","CaAl_2_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Al Si O H"," "," ",2801,"Lawsonite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Cmcm, Ccmm, P21/m","Ca Al Si O H","Lws","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism","No" +"Lazaraskeite","Lazaraskeite","Cu2+(C2H3O3)1-2","Cu(C2H3O3)2","Cu(C_2_H_3_O_3_)_2_","Cu^2+^(C_2_H_3_O_3_)^1-^_2_","Cu C H O","IMA2018-137"," ",6805,"Glycolate","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^2+ C H O","Lza","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Lazarenkoite","Lazarenkoite","CaFe3+As3+3O7·3H2O","CaFe3+As3+3O7·3H2O","CaFe^3+^As^3+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O","CaFe^3+^As^3+^_3_O_7_·3H_2_O","Ca Fe As O H","IMA1980-076"," ",2802," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca Fe^3+ As^3+ O H","Laz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lazaridisite","Lazaridisite","(Cd2+S6+O4)3·8H2O","Cd3(SO4)3·8H2O","Cd_3_(SO_4_)_3_·8H_2_O","(Cd^2+^S^6+^O_4_)_3_·8H_2_O","Cd S O H","IMA2012-043"," ",6096,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Cd^2+ S^6+ O H","Lrd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lazerckerite","Lazerckerite","Ag1+3.75Pb2+4.50(Sb3+7.75Bi3+4)S2-24","Ag3.75Pb4.50(Sb7.75Bi4)S24","Ag_3.75_Pb_4.50_(Sb_7.75_Bi_4_)S_24_","Ag^1+^_3.75_Pb^2+^_4.50_(Sb^3+^_7.75_Bi^3+^_4_)S^2-^_24_","Ag Pb Sb Bi S","IMA2022-113"," ",7335,"Lillianite","monoclinic","P21/n, P21/c","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Lze",,"No" +"Lazulite","Lazulite","MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2","MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2","MgAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","MgAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Mg Al P O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2803,"Lazulite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg Al P O H","Lzl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Lazurite","Lazurite","Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(S6+O4)(S3)1-·H2O","Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3)1-·H2O","Na_7_Ca(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)(SO_4_)(S_3_)^1-^·H_2_O","Na_7_Ca(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)(S^6+^O_4_)(S_3_)^1-^·H_2_O","Na Ca Al Si O S H","IMA2020-H, IMA2021 s.p."," ",2804,"Cancrinite-sodalite, Sodalite","cubic, triclinic, orthorhombic","P43n, P23, P1, Pnaa","Na Ca Al Si O S^6+ S H","Lzr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Lead","Lead","Pb","Pb","Pb","Pb","Pb"," "," ",2805,"Copper","cubic","Fm3m","Pb","Pb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM29 - Lightning-generated minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","Yes" +"Leadamalgam","Leadamalgam","HgPb2","HgPb2","HgPb_2_","HgPb_2_","Hg Pb","IMA1981-042"," ",2806," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Hg Pb","Lam","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Leadhillite","Leadhillite","Pb2+4(S6+O4)(CO3)2(OH)2","Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2","Pb_4_(SO_4_)(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb S O C H"," "," ",2807," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Pb^2+ S^6+ O C H","Lhi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lebedevite","Lebedevite","K4Na14Cu2+14O8(As5+O4)8Cl6","K4Na14Cu14O8(AsO4)8Cl6","K_4_Na_14_Cu_14_O_8_(AsO_4_)_8_Cl_6_","K_4_Na_14_Cu^2+^_14_O_8_(As^5+^O_4_)_8_Cl_6_","K Na Cu O As Cl","IMA2023-089"," ",7427,"Arsmirandite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","K Na Cu^2+ O As^5+ Cl","Ldv",,"No" +"Lechatelierite","Lechatelierite","SiO2","SiO2","SiO_2_","SiO_2_","Si O"," "," ",5405,"Amorphous",,,"Si O","Lch","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM29 - Lightning-generated minerals, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals","No" +"Lechnerite","Lechnerite","Ag1+10Cu1+4Hg2+Pb2+33Sb3+58S2-128","Ag10Cu4HgPb33Sb58S128","Ag_10_Cu_4_HgPb_33_Sb_58_S_128_","Ag^1+^_10_Cu^1+^_4_Hg^2+^Pb^2+^_33_Sb^3+^_58_S^2-^_128_","Ag Cu Hg Pb Sb S","IMA2024-075"," ",7525,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Lhn",,"No" +"Lecontite","Lecontite","(N3-H4)Na(S6+O4)·2H2O","(NH4)Na(SO4)·2H2O","(NH_4_)Na(SO_4_)·2H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)Na(S^6+^O_4_)·2H_2_O","N H Na S O"," "," ",2809," ","orthorhombic","P212121","N^3- H Na S^6+ O","Lcn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Lecoqite-(Y)","Lecoqite-(Y)","Na3Y(CO3)3·6H2O","Na3Y(CO3)3·6H2O","Na_3_Y(CO_3_)_3_·6H_2_O","Na_3_Y(CO_3_)_3_·6H_2_O","Na Y C O H","IMA2008-069"," ",5729,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63","Na Y C O H","Lec-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lednevite","Lednevite","Cu2+[PO3(OH)]·H2O","Cu[PO3(OH)]·H2O","Cu[PO_3_(OH)]·H_2_O","Cu^2+^[PO_3_(OH)]·H_2_O","Cu P O H","IMA2023-094"," ",7431,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/a","Cu^2+ P O H","Led",,"No" +"Leesite","Leesite","K(H2O)2[(U6+O2)4O2(OH)5]·3H2O","K(H2O)2[(UO2)4O2(OH)5]·3H2O","K(H_2_O)_2_[(UO_2_)_4_O_2_(OH)_5_]·3H_2_O","K(H_2_O)_2_[(U^6+^O_2_)_4_O_2_(OH)_5_]·3H_2_O","K H O U","IMA2016-064"," ",6593,"Schoepite","orthorhombic","Pbca","K H O U^6+","Lee","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lefontite","Lefontite","Fe2+2Al2Be(PO4)2(OH)6","Fe2Al2Be(PO4)2(OH)6","Fe_2_Al_2_Be(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Fe^2+^_2_Al_2_Be(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Fe Al Be P O H","IMA2014-075"," ",6312,"Childrenite","orthorhombic","Cmca","Fe^2+ Al Be P O H","Lef","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Legrandite","Legrandite","Zn2+2As5+O4(OH)·H2O","Zn2(AsO4)(OH)·H2O","Zn_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)·H_2_O","Zn^2+^_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH)·H_2_O","Zn As O H"," "," ",2810," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Leg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Leguernite","Leguernite","Bi3+38O42(S6+O4)15","Bi12.67O14(SO4)5","Bi_12.67_O_14_(SO_4_)_5_","Bi^3+^_38_O_42_(S^6+^O_4_)_15_","Bi O S","IMA2013-051"," ",6215," ","monoclinic","P2","Bi^3+ O S^6+","Lg","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Lehmannite","Lehmannite","Na18Cu2+12Ti4+O8(As5+O4)8FCl5","Na18Cu12TiO8(AsO4)8FCl5","Na_18_Cu_12_TiO_8_(AsO_4_)_8_FCl_5_","Na_18_Cu^2+^_12_Ti^4+^O_8_(As^5+^O_4_)_8_FCl_5_","Na Cu Ti O As F Cl","IMA2017-057a"," ",6821,"Arsmirandite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Cu^2+ Ti^4+ O As^5+ F Cl","Leh","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Lehnerite","Lehnerite","Mn2+(U6+O2)2(PO4)2·8H2O","Mn2+(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn U O P H","IMA1986-032"," ",2811," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Mn^2+ U^6+ O P H","Lh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Leifite","Leifite","Na7Be2(Si15Al3)O39(F,OH)2","Na7Be2(Si15Al3)O39(F,OH)2","Na_7_Be_2_(Si_15_Al_3_)O_39_(F,OH)_2_","Na_7_Be_2_(Si_15_Al_3_)O_39_(F,OH)_2_","Na Be Si Al O F H","IMA2002 s.p."," ",2812,"Leifite","hexagonal","P3m1","Na Be Si Al O F H","Lf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Leightonite","Leightonite","K2Ca2Cu2+(S6+O4)4·2H2O","K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4·2H2O","K_2_Ca_2_Cu(SO_4_)_4_·2H_2_O","K_2_Ca_2_Cu^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·2H_2_O","K Ca Cu S O H"," "," ",2813," ","monoclinic","C2/c","K Ca Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Lgh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Leisingite","Leisingite","Cu2+2MgTe6+O6·6H2O","Cu2MgTe6+O6·6H2O","Cu_2_MgTe^6+^O_6_·6H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_MgTe^6+^O_6_·6H_2_O","Cu Mg Te O H","IMA1995-011"," ",2814," ","hexagonal","P31m","Cu^2+ Mg Te^6+ O H","Lei","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Leiteite","Leiteite","Zn2+As3+2O4","ZnAs3+2O4","ZnAs^3+^_2_O_4_","Zn^2+^As^3+^_2_O_4_","Zn As O","IMA1976-026"," ",2815," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Zn^2+ As^3+ O","Lt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Lemanskiite","Lemanskiite","NaCaCu2+5(As5+O4)4Cl·3H2O","NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·3H2O","NaCaCu_5_(AsO_4_)_4_Cl·3H_2_O","NaCaCu^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_Cl·3H_2_O","Na Ca Cu As O Cl H","IMA1999-037"," ",2816," ","tetragonal, monoclinic","P4122","Na Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O Cl H","Lmk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lemmleinite-Ba","Lemmleinite-Ba","Na4K4Ba2+xTi4+8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8·8H2O","Na4K4Ba2+xTi8(Si4O12)4(OH,O)8·8H2O","Na_4_K_4_Ba_2+x_Ti_8_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_(OH,O)_8_·8H_2_O","Na_4_K_4_Ba_2+x_Ti^4+^_8_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_(O,OH)_8_·8H_2_O","Na K Ba Ti Si O H","IMA1998-052a"," ",2817,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m, Cm, I2/m","Na K Ba Ti^4+ Si O H","Lem-Ba","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lemmleinite-K","Lemmleinite-K","Na4K8Ti4+8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8·8H2O","Na4K8Ti8(Si4O12)4(OH,O)8·8H2O","Na_4_K_8_Ti_8_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_(OH,O)_8_·8H_2_O","Na_4_K_8_Ti^4+^_8_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_(O,OH)_8_·8H_2_O","Na K Ti Si O H","IMA1997-003"," ",2818,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na K Ti^4+ Si O H","Lem-K","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lemoynite","Lemoynite","Na2CaZr4+2Si10O26·5-6H2O","Na2CaZr2Si10O26·5-6H2O","Na_2_CaZr_2_Si_10_O_26_·5-6H_2_O","Na_2_CaZr^4+^_2_Si_10_O_26_·5-6H_2_O","Na Ca Zr Si O H","IMA1968-013"," ",2819,"Lemoynite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca Zr^4+ Si O H","Lmo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lenaite","Lenaite","Ag1+Fe3+S2-2","AgFeS2","AgFeS_2_","Ag^1+^Fe^3+^S^2-^_2_","Ag Fe S","IMA1994-008"," ",2820,"Chalcopyrite","tetragonal","I42d","Ag^1+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Ln","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers","No" +"Lengenbachite","Lengenbachite","Ag1+4Cu1+2Pb2+18As3+12S2-39","Ag4Cu2Pb18As12S39","Ag_4_Cu_2_Pb_18_As_12_S_39_","Ag^1+^_4_Cu^1+^_2_Pb^2+^_18_As^3+^_12_S^2-^_39_","Ag Cu Pb As S"," "," ",2821,"Cylindrite","triclinic",,"Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Len","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Leningradite","Leningradite","Pb2+Cu2+3(V5+O4)2Cl2","PbCu3(VO4)2Cl2","PbCu_3_(VO_4_)_2_Cl_2_","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^_3_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_Cl_2_","Pb Cu V O Cl","IMA1988-014"," ",2822," ","orthorhombic","Ibam","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ V^5+ O Cl","Lng","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Lennilenapeite","Lennilenapeite","K7(Mg,Mn2+,Fe2+,Zn2+)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216·16H2O","K7(Mg,Mn2+,Fe2+,Zn)48(Si,Al)72(O,OH)216·16H2O","K_7_(Mg,Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^,Zn)_48_(Si,Al)_72_(O,OH)_216_·16H_2_O","K_7_(Mg,Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^,Zn^2+^)_48_(Si,Al)_72_(O,OH)_216_·16H_2_O","K Mg Mn Fe Zn Si Al O H","IMA1982-085"," ",2823,"Stilpnomelane, Clay",,,"K Mg Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Zn^2+ Si Al O H","Lnl","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Lenoblite","Lenoblite","V4+2O4·2H2O","V4+2O4·2H2O","V^4+^_2_O_4_·2H_2_O","V^4+^_2_O_4_·2H_2_O","V O H","IMA1970-002"," ",2824," ",,,"V^4+ O H","Lnb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Leogangite","Leogangite","Cu2+10(As5+O4)4S6+O4(OH)6·8H2O","Cu10(AsO4)4(SO4)(OH)6·8H2O","Cu_10_(AsO_4_)_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_6_·8H_2_O","Cu^2+^_10_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O","Cu As O S H","IMA1998-032"," ",5311," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Cu^2+ As^5+ O S^6+ H","Lgg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Leonardsenite","Leonardsenite","MgAlF5·2H2O","MgAlF5·2H2O","MgAlF_5_·2H_2_O","MgAlF_5_·2H_2_O","Mg Al F H O","IMA2011-059"," ",6005,"Weberite","orthorhombic","Imma","Mg Al F H O","Lnd","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Leonite","Leonite","K2Mg(S6+O4)2·4H2O","K2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O","K_2_Mg(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","K_2_Mg(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","K Mg S O H"," "," ",2825," ","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mg S^6+ O H","Leo","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Leószilárdite","Leoszilardite","Na6Mg(U6+O2)2(CO3)6·6H2O","Na6Mg(UO2)2(CO3)6·6H2O","Na_6_Mg(UO_2_)_2_(CO_3_)_6_·6H_2_O","Na_6_Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(CO_3_)_6_·6H_2_O","Na Mg U O C H","IMA2015-128"," ",6529,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg U^6+ O C H","Lsz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lepageite","Lepageite","Mn2+3(Fe3+7Fe2+4)O3[Sb3+5As3+8O34]","Mn2+3(Fe3+7Fe2+4)O3[Sb3+5As3+8O34]","Mn^2+^_3_(Fe^3+^_7_Fe^2+^_4_)O_3_[Sb^3+^_5_As^3+^_8_O_34_]","Mn^2+^_3_(Fe^3+^_7_Fe^2+^_4_)O_3_[Sb^3+^_5_As^3+^_8_O_34_]","Mn Fe O Sb As","IMA2018-028"," ",6772,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ O Sb^3+ As^3+","Lep","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Lepersonnite-(Gd)","Lepersonnite-(Gd)","CaGd3+2(U6+O2)24(CO3)8Si4O28·60H2O","CaGd2(UO2)24(CO3)8Si4O28·60H2O","CaGd_2_(UO_2_)_24_(CO_3_)_8_Si_4_O_28_·60H_2_O","CaGd^3+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_24_(CO_3_)_8_Si_4_O_28_·60H_2_O","Ca Gd U O C Si H","IMA1981-036, IMA1987 s.p."," ",2826,"Lepersonnite","orthorhombic",,"Ca Gd^3+ U^6+ O C Si H","Lps-Gd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lepersonnite-(Nd)","Lepersonnite-(Nd)","Nd4(U6+O2)24(SiO4)4(CO3)8(OH)28·48H2O","Nd4(UO2)24(SiO4)4(CO3)8(OH)28·48H2O","Nd_4_(UO_2_)_24_(SiO_4_)_4_(CO_3_)_8_(OH)_28_·48H_2_O","Nd_4_(U^6+^O_2_)_24_(SiO_4_)_4_(CO_3_)_8_(OH)_28_·48H_2_O","Nd U O Si C H","IMA2021-066"," ",7173,"Lepersonnite, Kuvaevite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Nd U^6+ O Si C H","Lps-Nd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lepidocrocite","Lepidocrocite","Fe3+O(OH)","Fe3+O(OH)","Fe^3+^O(OH)","Fe^3+^O(OH)","Fe O H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",2827,"Lepidocrocite","orthorhombic","Bbmm, Amam, Cmcm, Cmc21","Fe^3+ O H","Lpc","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Lepkhenelmite-Zn","Lepkhenelmite-Zn","Ba2Zn2+(Ti4+,Nb5+)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·7H2O","Ba2Zn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·7H2O","Ba_2_Zn(Ti,Nb)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·7H_2_O","Ba_2_Zn^2+^(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·7H_2_O","Ba Zn Ti Nb Si O H","IMA2003-003"," ",5219,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","Cm","Ba Zn^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Lpn-Zn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lermontovite","Lermontovite","U4+PO4(OH)·H2O","U4+(PO4)(OH)·H2O","U^4+^(PO_4_)(OH)·H_2_O","U^4+^PO_4_(OH)·H_2_O","U P O H"," "," ",5125," ","orthorhombic","Ccca","U^4+ P O H","Ler","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Letnikovite-(Ce)","Letnikovite-(Ce)","(Na☐)Ca2Ce3+2[Si7O17(OH)]F4(H2O)4","(Na☐)Ca2Ce2[Si7O17(OH)]F4(H2O)4","(Na[box])Ca_2_Ce_2_[Si_7_O_17_(OH)]F_4_(H_2_O)_4_","(Na[box])Ca_2_Ce^3+^_2_[Si_7_O_17_(OH)]F_4_(H_2_O)_4_","Na Ca Ce Si O H F","IMA2022-132"," ",7345,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Ce^3+ Si O H F","Lkv-Ce",,"No" +"Letovicite","Letovicite","(N3-H4)3H(S6+O4)2","(NH4)3H(SO4)2","(NH_4_)_3_H(SO_4_)_2_","(N^3-^H_4_)_3_H(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","N H S O"," "," ",2830," ","monoclinic","C2/c","N^3- H S^6+ O","Let","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Leucite","Leucite","K(Si2Al)O6","K(AlSi2O6)","K(AlSi_2_O_6_)","K(Si_2_Al)O_6_","K Al Si O","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2831,"Analcime","tetragonal, cubic","I41/a, Ia3d, Ia3d","K Si Al O","Lct","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Leucophanite","Leucophanite","NaCaBeSi2O6F","NaCaBeSi2O6F","NaCaBeSi_2_O_6_F","NaCaBeSi_2_O_6_F","Na Ca Be Si O F"," "," ",2832," ","orthorhombic, triclinic","P212121, P1","Na Ca Be Si O F","Lph","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Leucophoenicite","Leucophoenicite","Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2","Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2","Mn^2+^_7_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^_7_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_","Mn Si O H"," "," ",2833,"Humite","monoclinic","P21/a","Mn^2+ Si O H","Lpo","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Leucophosphite","Leucophosphite","KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O","KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O","KFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O","KFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O","K Fe P O H"," "," ",2834,"Leucophosphite","monoclinic","P21/n","K Fe^3+ P O H","Lpp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Leucosphenite","Leucosphenite","Na4BaTi4+2B2Si10O30","Na4BaTi2B2Si10O30","Na_4_BaTi_2_B_2_Si_10_O_30_","Na_4_BaTi^4+^_2_B_2_Si_10_O_30_","Na Ba Ti B Si O"," "," ",2835," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ba Ti^4+ B Si O","Lsp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Leucostaurite","Leucostaurite","Pb2+2B5O9Cl·0.5H2O","Pb2[B5O9]Cl·0.5H2O","Pb_2_[B_5_O_9_]Cl·0.5H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_B_5_O_9_Cl·0.5H_2_O","Pb B O Cl H","IMA2007-047"," ",5648,"Hilgardite","orthorhombic","Pnn2","Pb^2+ B O Cl H","Lsr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Levantite","Levantite","KCa3Al2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(PO4)","KCa3Al2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(PO4)","KCa_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(PO_4_)","KCa_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(PO_4_)","K Ca Al Si O P","IMA2017-010"," ",6651,"Latiumite","monoclinic","P21","K Ca Al Si O P","Lev","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Leverettite","Leverettite","Cu2+3Co2+Cl2(OH)6","Cu3CoCl2(OH)6","Cu_3_CoCl_2_(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_3_Co^2+^Cl_2_(OH)_6_","Cu Co Cl O H","IMA2013-011"," ",6174,"Atacamite","hexagonal","R3m","Cu^2+ Co^2+ Cl O H","Lve","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Levinsonite-(Y)","Levinsonite-(Y)","YAl(S6+O4)2((C2)6+O4)·12H2O","YAl(SO4)2(C2O4)·12H2O","YAl(SO_4_)_2_(C_2_O_4_)·12H_2_O","YAl(S^6+^O_4_)_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)·12H_2_O","Y Al S O C H","IMA1996-057"," ",2836,"Oxalate","monoclinic","P2/n","Y Al S^6+ O C H","Lvi-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Lévyclaudite","Levyclaudite","Pb2+8Cu1+3Sn4+7(Bi3+,Sb3+)3S2-28","Pb8Cu3Sn7(Bi,Sb)3S28","Pb_8_Cu_3_Sn_7_(Bi,Sb)_3_S_28_","Pb^2+^_8_Cu^1+^_3_Sn^4+^_7_(Bi^3+^,Sb^3+^)_3_S^2-^_28_","Pb Cu Sn Bi Sb S","IMA1989-034"," ",2837,"Cylindrite","monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ Cu^1+ Sn^4+ Bi^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Lvc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Lévyne-Ca","Levyne-Ca","Ca3(Si12Al6)O36·18H2O","Ca3(Si12Al6)O36·18H2O","Ca_3_(Si_12_Al_6_)O_36_·18H_2_O","Ca_3_(Si_12_Al_6_)O_36_·18H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2838,"Lévyne","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Si Al O H","Lév-Ca","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Lévyne-Na","Levyne-Na","Na6(Si12Al6)O36·18H2O","Na6(Si12Al6)O36·18H2O","Na_6_(Si_12_Al_6_)O_36_·18H_2_O","Na_6_(Si_12_Al_6_)O_36_·18H_2_O","Na Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",2839,"Lévyne","hexagonal","R3m","Na Si Al O H","Lév-Na","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Leybovite-K","Leybovite-K","KCu2+Na(MgFe3+)(As5+O4)3","KCuNa(MgFe3+)(AsO4)3","KCuNa(MgFe^3+^)(AsO_4_)_3_","KCu^2+^Na(MgFe^3+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","K Cu Na Mg Fe As O","IMA2025-007"," ",7557,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","K Cu^2+ Na Mg Fe^3+ As^5+ O","Leb-K",,"No" +"Leydetite","Leydetite","Fe2+(U6+O2)(S6+O4)2·11H2O","Fe(UO2)(SO4)2·11H2O","Fe(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_·11H_2_O","Fe^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·11H_2_O","Fe U O S H","IMA2012-065"," ",6120,"Leydetite","monoclinic","C2/c","Fe^2+ U^6+ O S^6+ H","Ley","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lianbinite","Lianbinite","(N3-H4)(C2H3O3)1-(C2H4O3)","(NH4)(C2H3O3)(C2H4O3)","(NH_4_)(C_2_H_3_O_3_)(C_2_H_4_O_3_)","(N^3-^H_4_)(C_2_H_3_O_3_)^1-^(C_2_H_4_O_3_)","N H C O","IMA2023-016"," ",7314,"Glycolate","monoclinic","P21/c","N^3- H C O","Lian","Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Liandratite","Liandratite","U6+Nb5+2O8","U6+Nb2O8","U^6+^Nb_2_O_8_","U^6+^Nb^5+^_2_O_8_","U Nb O","IMA1975-039"," ",2840," ","hexagonal","P31m","U^6+ Nb^5+ O","Lia","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Liangjunite","Liangjunite","K2(Mo6+2O5)(S6+O4)2·3H2O","K2(Mo2O5)(SO4)2·3H2O","K_2_(Mo_2_O_5_)(SO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","K_2_(Mo^6+^_2_O_5_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","K Mo O S H","IMA2022-060"," ",7283,"Bouškaite","triclinic",,"K Mo^6+ O S^6+ H","Lju",,"No" +"Libbyite","Libbyite","(N3-H4)2(Na2☐)[(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)3(H2O)]2·7H2O","(NH4)2(Na2☐)[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)]2·7H2O","(NH_4_)_2_(Na_2_[box])[(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_3_(H_2_O)]_2_·7H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_(Na_2_[box])[(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(H_2_O)]_2_·7H_2_O","N H Na U O S","IMA2022-091"," ",7310,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","P41212","N^3- H Na U^6+ O S^6+","Ly",,"No" +"Liberite","Liberite","Li2BeSiO4","Li2Be(SiO4)","Li_2_Be(SiO_4_)","Li_2_BeSiO_4_","Li Be Si O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2841," ","monoclinic","Pn","Li Be Si O","Lbr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Libethenite","Libethenite","Cu2+2PO4(OH)","Cu2(PO4)(OH)","Cu_2_(PO_4_)(OH)","Cu^2+^_2_PO_4_(OH)","Cu P O H"," "," ",2842,"Andalusite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Cu^2+ P O H","Lib","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Liddicoatite","Liddicoatite","Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","Ca(Li_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","Ca(Li_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","Ca Li Al Si O B H","IMA2025-047"," ",7602,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Li Al Si O B H","Ld",,"No" +"Liebauite","Liebauite","Ca3Cu2+5Si9O26","Ca3Cu5Si9O26","Ca_3_Cu_5_Si_9_O_26_","Ca_3_Cu^2+^_5_Si_9_O_26_","Ca Cu Si O","IMA1990-040"," ",2844," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Cu^2+ Si O","Lie","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Liebenbergite","Liebenbergite","Ni2+2SiO4","Ni2(SiO4)","Ni_2_(SiO_4_)","Ni^2+^_2_SiO_4_","Ni Si O","IMA1972-033"," ",2845,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Ni^2+ Si O","Lbb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Liebermannite","Liebermannite","KAlSi3O8","KAlSi3O8","KAlSi_3_O_8_","KAlSi_3_O_8_","K Al Si O","IMA2013-128"," ",6287,"Coronadite","tetragonal","I4/m","K Al Si O","Lbm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Liebigite","Liebigite","Ca2(U6+O2)(CO3)3·11H2O","Ca2(UO2)(CO3)3·11H2O","Ca_2_(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·11H_2_O","Ca_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·11H_2_O","Ca U O C H"," "," ",2846," ","orthorhombic","Bba2","Ca U^6+ O C H","Lbi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Liguowuite","Liguowuite","W6+O3","WO3","WO_3_","W^6+^O_3_","W O","IMA2020-097"," ",7111,"Perovskite","monoclinic","P21/n","W^6+ O","Lgw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Likasite","Likasite","Cu2+3N5+O3(OH)5·2H2O","Cu3(NO3)(OH)5·2H2O","Cu_3_(NO_3_)(OH)_5_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_N^5+^O_3_(OH)_5_·2H_2_O","Cu N O H"," "," ",2847," ","orthorhombic","Pcmn","Cu^2+ N^5+ O H","Lik","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lileyite","Lileyite","Ba2Ti4+2Na(NaFe2+)Mg(Si2O7)2O2F2","Ba2Ti2Na(NaFe2+)Mg(Si2O7)2O2F2","Ba_2_Ti_2_Na(NaFe^2+^)Mg(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Ba_2_Ti^4+^_2_Na(NaFe^2+^)Mg(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Ba Ti Na Fe Mg Si O F","IMA2011-021"," ",5949,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba Ti^4+ Na Fe^2+ Mg Si O F","Lly","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lillianite","Lillianite","Pb2+3-2xAg1+xBi3+2+xS2-6","Pb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6","Pb_3-2x_Ag_x_Bi_2+x_S_6_","Pb^2+^_3-2x_Ag^1+^_x_Bi^3+^_2+x_S^2-^_6_","Pb Ag Bi S"," "," ",2848,"Lillianite","orthorhombic","Bbmm","Pb^2+ Ag^1+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Lil","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Lime","Lime","CaO","CaO","CaO","CaO","Ca O"," "," ",2849,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Ca O","Lm","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Limousinite","Limousinite","BaCa[Be4P4O16]·6H2O","BaCa[Be4P4O16]·6H2O","BaCa[Be_4_P_4_O_16_]·6H_2_O","BaCa[Be_4_P_4_O_16_]·6H_2_O","Ba Ca Be P O H","IMA2019-011"," ",6901," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ba Ca Be P O H","Lms","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Linarite","Linarite","Pb2+Cu2+S6+O4(OH)2","CuPb(SO4)(OH)2","CuPb(SO_4_)(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^S^6+^O_4_(OH)_2_","Cu Pb S O H"," "," ",2850,"Linarite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Lna","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Lindackerite","Lindackerite","Cu2+5(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·9H2O","Cu5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·9H2O","Cu_5_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·9H_2_O","Cu^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·9H_2_O","Cu As O H","IMA1995 s.p."," ",2851,"Lindackerite","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Ldk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Lindbergite","Lindbergite","Mn2+(C2)6+O4·2H2O","Mn(C2O4)·2H2O","Mn(C_2_O_4_)·2H_2_O","Mn^2+^(C_2_)^6+^O_4_·2H_2_O","Mn C O H","IMA2003-029"," ",5238,"Humboldtine, Oxalate","monoclinic","C2/c","Mn^2+ C O H","Ldb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Lindgrenite","Lindgrenite","Cu2+3(Mo6+O4)2(OH)2","Cu3(Mo6+O4)2(OH)2","Cu_3_(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^_3_(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu Mo O H"," "," ",2852," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^2+ Mo^6+ O H","Lgr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lindqvistite","Lindqvistite","Pb2+2Mn2+Fe3+16O27","Pb2Mn2+Fe3+16O27","Pb_2_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_16_O_27_","Pb^2+^_2_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_16_O_27_","Pb Mn Fe O","IMA1991-038"," ",2853," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Fe^3+ O","Lqv","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Lindsleyite","Lindsleyite","(Ba,Sr)(Zr4+,Ca)(Fe3+,Mg)2(Ti4+,Cr3+,Fe3+)18O38","(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38","(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)_2_(Ti,Cr,Fe)_18_O_38_","(Ba,Sr)(Zr^4+^,Ca)(Fe^3+^,Mg)_2_(Ti^4+^,Cr^3+^,Fe^3+^)_18_O_38_","Ba Sr Zr Ca Fe Mg Ti Cr O","IMA1982-086"," ",2854,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Ba Sr Zr^4+ Ca Fe^3+ Mg Ti^4+ Cr^3+ O","Ldy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Lindströmite","Lindstromite","Cu1+3Pb2+3Bi3+7S2-15","Pb3Cu3Bi7S15","Pb_3_Cu_3_Bi_7_S_15_","Cu^1+^_3_Pb^2+^_3_Bi^3+^_7_S^2-^_15_","Pb Cu Bi S","IMA1975-005a"," ",2855,"Meneghinite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Lsm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Línekite","Linekite","K2Ca3[(U6+O2)(CO3)3]2·8H2O","K2Ca3[(UO2)(CO3)3]2·8H2O","K_2_Ca_3_[(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_]_2_·8H_2_O","K_2_Ca_3_[(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_]_2_·8H_2_O","K Ca U O C H","IMA2012-066"," ",6121," ","orthorhombic","Pnnm","K Ca U^6+ O C H","Lnk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Lingbaoite","Lingbaoite","AgTe3","AgTe3","AgTe_3_","AgTe_3_","Ag Te","IMA2018-138"," ",6897," ","hexagonal","R3m","Ag Te","Lb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Lingunite","Lingunite","NaAlSi3O8","NaAlSi3O8","NaAlSi_3_O_8_","NaAlSi_3_O_8_","Na Al Si O","IMA2004-054"," ",5538,"Coronadite","tetragonal",,"Na Al Si O","Lgn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals","No" +"Linnaeite","Linnaeite","Co2+Co3+2S2-4","Co2+Co3+2S4","Co^2+^Co^3+^_2_S_4_","Co^2+^Co^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Co S"," "," ",2856,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Co^2+ Co^3+ S^2-","Lin","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Lintisite","Lintisite","Na3LiTi4+2O2(SiO3)4·2H2O","Na3LiTi2O2(SiO3)4·2H2O","Na_3_LiTi_2_O_2_(SiO_3_)_4_·2H_2_O","Na_3_LiTi^4+^_2_O_2_(SiO_3_)_4_·2H_2_O","Na Li Ti O Si H","IMA1989-025"," ",2857," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Li Ti^4+ O Si H","Lts","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Linzhiite","Linzhiite","FeSi2","FeSi2","FeSi_2_","FeSi_2_","Fe Si","IMA2010-011"," ",5838," ","tetragonal","P4/mmm","Fe Si","Lzh","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Liottite","Liottite","Na16Ca8Si18Al18O72(S6+O4)5Cl4","Na16Ca8Si18Al18O72(SO4)5Cl4","Na_16_Ca_8_Si_18_Al_18_O_72_(SO_4_)_5_Cl_4_","Na_16_Ca_8_Si_18_Al_18_O_72_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_Cl_4_","Na Ca Si Al O S Cl","IMA1975-036"," ",2858,"Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P6","Na Ca Si Al O S^6+ Cl","Lio","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lipscombite","Lipscombite","Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2","Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Fe P O H"," "," ",2859,"Lipscombite","tetragonal, unknown","P43212","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Lcb","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Lipuite","Lipuite","KNa8Mn3+5Mg0.5(Si12O30(OH)4)(PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O","KNa8Mn3+5Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O","KNa_8_Mn^3+^_5_Mg_0.5_[Si_12_O_30_(OH)_4_](PO_4_)O_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","KNa_8_Mn^3+^_5_Mg_0.5_(Si_12_O_30_(OH)_4_)(PO_4_)O_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","K Na Mn Mg Si O H P","IMA2014-085"," ",6339,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnnm","K Na Mn^3+ Mg Si O H P","Lp","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Liraite","Liraite","NaCa2Mn2+2[Fe3+Fe2+]Mn2+2(PO4)6(H2O)2","NaCa2Mn2+2[Fe3+Fe2+]Mn2+2(PO4)6(H2O)2","NaCa_2_Mn^2+^_2_[Fe^3+^Fe^2+^]Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_6_(H_2_O)_2_","NaCa_2_Mn^2+^_2_[Fe^3+^Fe^2+^]Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_6_(H_2_O)_2_","Na Ca Mn Fe P O H","IMA2019-085"," ",6972,"Wicksite","orthorhombic","Pcab","Na Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ P O H","Lir","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Liroconite","Liroconite","Cu2+2AlAs5+O4(OH)4·4H2O","Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4·4H2O","Cu_2_Al(AsO_4_)(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_AlAs^5+^O_4_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Cu Al As O H"," "," ",2860,"Liroconite","monoclinic","I2/a","Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O H","Lro","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lisanite","Lisanite","CaNi2+P2O7","CaNiP2O7","CaNiP_2_O_7_","CaNi^2+^P_2_O_7_","Ca Ni P O","IMA2021-014"," ",7126,"Anastasenkoite","triclinic","P1","Ca Ni^2+ P O","Lsa","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Lisetite","Lisetite","Na2CaAl4(SiO4)4","Na2CaAl4(SiO4)4","Na_2_CaAl_4_(SiO_4_)_4_","Na_2_CaAl_4_(SiO_4_)_4_","Na Ca Al Si O","IMA1985-017"," ",2861," ","orthorhombic","Pbc21","Na Ca Al Si O","Lis","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Lishiite","Lishiite","(Ca2☐)Sr3(CO3)5","(Ca2☐)Sr3(CO3)5","(Ca_2_[box])Sr_3_(CO_3_)_5_","(Ca_2_[box])Sr_3_(CO_3_)_5_","Ca Sr C O","IMA2022-121a"," ",7418,"Burbankite","hexagonal","P63mc","Ca Sr C O","Lht",,"No" +"Lishizhenite","Lishizhenite","Zn2+Fe3+2(S6+O4)4·14H2O","ZnFe3+2(SO4)4·14H2O","ZnFe^3+^_2_(SO_4_)_4_·14H_2_O","Zn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·14H_2_O","Zn Fe S O H","IMA1989-002"," ",2862,"Römerite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Lsh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lisiguangite","Lisiguangite","Cu1+Pt2+Bi3+S2-3","CuPtBiS3","CuPtBiS_3_","Cu^1+^Pt^2+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_3_","Cu Pt Bi S","IMA2007-003"," ",5614,"Lapieite","orthorhombic","P212121","Cu^1+ Pt^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Lsg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Lisitsynite","Lisitsynite","KBSi2O6","KBSi2O6","KBSi_2_O_6_","KBSi_2_O_6_","K B Si O","IMA2000-008"," ",2863," ","orthorhombic","P212121","K B Si O","Lss","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Liskeardite","Liskeardite","(Al,Fe3+)32(As5+O4)18(OH)42(H2O)22·52H2O","(Al,Fe)32(AsO4)18(OH)42(H2O)22·52H2O","(Al,Fe)_32_(AsO_4_)_18_(OH)_42_(H_2_O)_22_·52H_2_O","(Al,Fe^3+^)_32_(As^5+^O_4_)_18_(OH)_42_(H_2_O)_22_·52H_2_O","Al Fe As O H"," "," ",2864," ","monoclinic","I2","Al Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Lsk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lislkirchnerite","Lislkirchnerite","Pb2+6Al(OH)8Cl2(N5+O3)5·2H2O","Pb6Al(OH)8Cl2(NO3)5·2H2O","Pb_6_Al(OH)_8_Cl_2_(NO_3_)_5_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^_6_Al(OH)_8_Cl_2_(N^5+^O_3_)_5_·2H_2_O","Pb Al O H Cl N","IMA2015-064"," ",6465,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Al O H Cl N^5+","Lkn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Litharge","Litharge","Pb2+O","PbO","PbO","Pb^2+^O","Pb O"," "," ",2865,"Litharge","orthorhombic, tetragonal","Cmma, P4/nmm","Pb^2+ O","Lit","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Lithiomarsturite","Lithiomarsturite","LiCaMn2+3Si5O14(OH)","LiCaMn2+3Si5O14(OH)","LiCaMn^2+^_3_Si_5_O_14_(OH)","LiCaMn^2+^_3_Si_5_O_14_(OH)","Li Ca Mn Si O H","IMA1988-035"," ",2866,"Rhodonite","triclinic","P1","Li Ca Mn^2+ Si O H","Lmsr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Lithiophilite","Lithiophilite","LiMn2+PO4","LiMn2+(PO4)","LiMn^2+^(PO_4_)","LiMn^2+^PO_4_","Li Mn P O"," "," ",2867,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pmnb","Li Mn^2+ P O","Lhp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Lithiophorite","Lithiophorite","(Al,Li)Mn4+O2(OH)2","(Al,Li)(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2(OH)2","(Al,Li)(Mn^4+^,Mn^3+^)O_2_(OH)_2_","(Al,Li)Mn^4+^O_2_(OH)_2_","Al Li Mn O H"," "," ",2868," ","hexagonal","R3m","Al Li Mn^4+ O H","Lpr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Lithiophosphate","Lithiophosphate","Li3PO4","Li3(PO4)","Li_3_(PO_4_)","Li_3_PO_4_","Li P O"," "," ",2869," ","orthorhombic","Pmn21, Pmnb, Pcmn","Li P O","Lip","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Lithiotantite","Lithiotantite","LiTa5+3O8","LiTa3O8","LiTa_3_O_8_","LiTa^5+^_3_O_8_","Li Ta O","IMA1982-022"," ",2870,"Columbite","monoclinic","P21/c","Li Ta^5+ O","Ltan","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Lithiowodginite","Lithiowodginite","LiTa5+3O8","LiTa3O8","LiTa_3_O_8_","LiTa^5+^_3_O_8_","Li Ta O","IMA1988-011"," ",2871," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Li Ta^5+ O","Lwdg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Lithosite","Lithosite","K3Al2Si4O12(OH)","K3Al2Si4O12(OH)","K_3_Al_2_Si_4_O_12_(OH)","K_3_Al_2_Si_4_O_12_(OH)","K Al Si O H","IMA1982-049"," ",2872," ","monoclinic","P21","K Al Si O H","Lho","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Litidionite","Litidionite","KNaCu2+Si4O10","KNaCuSi4O10","KNaCuSi_4_O_10_","KNaCu^2+^Si_4_O_10_","K Na Cu Si O","IMA2014 s.p."," ",2873,"Litidionite","triclinic","P1","K Na Cu^2+ Si O","Ltd",,"No" +"Litochlebite","Litochlebite","Ag1+2Pb2+Bi3+4Se2-8","Ag2PbBi4Se8","Ag_2_PbBi_4_Se_8_","Ag^1+^_2_Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_4_Se^2-^_8_","Ag Pb Bi Se","IMA2009-036"," ",5763,"Watkinsonite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Se^2-","Lto","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Litvinskite","Litvinskite","Na3Zr4+Si6O13(OH)5","Na3ZrSi6O13(OH)5","Na_3_ZrSi_6_O_13_(OH)_5_","Na_3_Zr^4+^Si_6_O_13_(OH)_5_","Na Zr Si O H","IMA1999-017"," ",2874,"Lovozerite-Zirsinalite–Lovozerite","monoclinic","Cm","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Ltv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Liudongshengite","Liudongshengite","Zn2+4Cr3+2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O","Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O","Zn_4_Cr_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Zn^2+^_4_Cr^3+^_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Zn Cr O H C","IMA2019-044"," ",6877,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Zn^2+ Cr^3+ O H C","Ldh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Liuite","Liuite","Fe2+Ti4+O3","FeTiO3","FeTiO_3_","Fe^2+^Ti^4+^O_3_","Fe Ti O","IMA2017-042a"," ",6837,"Perovskite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O","Liu","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Liveingite","Liveingite","Pb2+20As3+24S2-56","Pb20As24S56","Pb_20_As_24_S_56_","Pb^2+^_20_As^3+^_24_S^2-^_56_","Pb As S"," "," ",2875,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/c, P21","Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Liv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Liversidgeite","Liversidgeite","Zn2+6(PO4)4·7H2O","Zn6(PO4)4·7H2O","Zn_6_(PO_4_)_4_·7H_2_O","Zn^2+^_6_(PO_4_)_4_·7H_2_O","Zn P O H","IMA2008-048"," ",5708,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ P O H","Lsd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Livingstonite","Livingstonite","Hg2+Sb3+4S2-6(S2)2-","HgSb4S6(S)2","HgSb_4_S_6_(S)_2_","Hg^2+^Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_6_(S_2_)^2-^","Hg Sb S"," "," ",2876," ","monoclinic","A2/a","Hg^2+ Sb^3+ S^2- S","Lst","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Lizardite","Lizardite","Mg3Si2O5(OH)4","Mg3Si2O5(OH)4","Mg_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Mg_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Mg Si O H"," "," ",2877,"Serpentine, Clay","hexagonal, triclinic","P31m, P63cm, P1","Mg Si O H","Lz","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Llantenesite","Llantenesite","Cu2+6Al[Se6+O4](OH)12Cl·3H2O","Cu6Al[SeO4](OH)12Cl·3H2O","Cu_6_Al[SeO_4_](OH)_12_Cl·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_Al[Se^6+^O_4_](OH)_12_Cl·3H_2_O","Cu Al Se O H Cl","IMA2018-111"," ",6849,"Spangolite","hexagonal","P31c","Cu^2+ Al Se^6+ O H Cl","Lla","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lobanovite","Lobanovite","K2Na(Fe2+4Mg2Na)Ti4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4","K2Na(Fe2+4Mg2Na)Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4","K_2_Na(Fe^2+^_4_Mg_2_Na)Ti_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_","K_2_Na(Fe^2+^_4_Mg_2_Na)Ti^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_","K Na Fe Mg Ti Si O H","IMA2015 s.p."," ",2964,"Astrophyllite-Devitoite","monoclinic","C2/m, A2","K Na Fe^2+ Mg Ti^4+ Si O H","Lbv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lokkaite-(Y)","Lokkaite-(Y)","CaY4(CO3)7·9H2O","CaY4(CO3)7·9H2O","CaY_4_(CO_3_)_7_·9H_2_O","CaY_4_(CO_3_)_7_·9H_2_O","Ca Y C O H","IMA1969-045, IMA1987 s.p."," ",2878,"Tengerite","orthorhombic",,"Ca Y C O H","Lok-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Löllingite","Lollingite","Fe3+(As2)3-","FeAs2","FeAs_2_","Fe^3+^(As_2_)^3-^","Fe As"," "," ",2879,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Fe^3+ As","Lö","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Lombardoite","Lombardoite","Ba2Mn3+(As5+O4)2(OH)","Ba2Mn3+(AsO4)2(OH)","Ba_2_Mn^3+^(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)","Ba_2_Mn^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)","Ba Mn As O H","IMA2016-058"," ",6585,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ba Mn^3+ As^5+ O H","Lmb","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lomonosovite","Lomonosovite","Na6Na2Ti4+2Na2Ti4+2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O4","Na6Na2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O4","Na_6_Na_2_Ti_2_Na_2_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_O_4_","Na_6_Na_2_Ti^4+^_2_Na_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_O_4_","Na Ti Si O P","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2880,"Seidozerite-Murmanite","triclinic","P1","Na Ti^4+ Si O P","Lom","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Londonite","Londonite","CsBe5Al4B11O28","CsBe4Al4(B11Be)O28","CsBe_4_Al_4_(B_11_Be)O_28_","CsBe_5_Al_4_B_11_O_28_","Cs Be Al B O","IMA1999-014"," ",2881,"Rhodizite","cubic","P43m","Cs Be Al B O","Ldn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Lonecreekite","Lonecreekite","N3-H4Fe3+(S6+O4)2·12H2O","(NH4)Fe3+(SO4)2·12H2O","(NH_4_)Fe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","N^3-^H_4_Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","N H Fe S O","IMA1982-063"," ",2882,"Alum","cubic","Pa3","N^3- H Fe^3+ S^6+ O","Lck","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Lonsdaleite","Lonsdaleite","C","C","C","C","C","IMA1966-044"," ",2883," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc, P63mc","C","Lon","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","Yes" +"Loomisite","Loomisite","Ba[Be2P2O8]·H2O","Ba[Be2P2O8]·H2O","Ba[Be_2_P_2_O_8_]·H_2_O","Ba[Be_2_P_2_O_8_]·H_2_O","Ba Be P O H","IMA2022-003"," ",7227,"Tridymite-Nepheline","monoclinic","Pn","Ba Be P O H","Lmi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Loparite","Loparite","(Na0.5Ce3+0.5)Ti4+O3","(Na0.5REE0.5)TiO3","(Na_0.5_REE_0.5_)TiO_3_","(Na_0.5_Ce^3+^_0.5_)Ti^4+^O_3_","Na REE Ti O","IMA1987 s.p., IMA2017 s.p."," ",2884,"Perovskite","tetragonal, hexagonal, orthorhombic","I4/mcm, R3c, Ima2","Na Ce^3+ Ti^4+ O","Lop","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lopatkaite","Lopatkaite","Pb2+5Sb3+3As3+S2-11","Pb5Sb3AsS11","Pb_5_Sb_3_AsS_11_","Pb^2+^_5_Sb^3+^_3_As^3+^S^2-^_11_","Pb Sb As S","IMA2012-083"," ",6139," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Lpk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Lópezite","Lopezite","K2Cr6+2O7","K2Cr2O7","K_2_Cr_2_O_7_","K_2_Cr^6+^_2_O_7_","K Cr O","IMA2007 s.p."," ",2885," ","triclinic","P1","K Cr^6+ O","Lpz","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Lorándite","Lorandite","Tl1+As3+S2-2","TlAsS2","TlAsS_2_","Tl^1+^As^3+^S^2-^_2_","Tl As S","IMA2007 s.p."," ",2886," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Lor","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Loranskite-(Y)","Loranskite-(Y)","(Y,Ce3+,Ca)(Zr4+,Ta5+)2O6","(Y,Ce,Ca)(Zr,Ta)2O6 (?)","(Y,Ce,Ca)(Zr,Ta)_2_O_6_ (?)","(Y,Ce^3+^,Ca)(Zr^4+^,Ta^5+^)_2_O_6_","Y Ce Ca Zr Ta O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",5043," ",,,"Y Ce^3+ Ca Zr^4+ Ta^5+ O","Lrs-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Lorenzenite","Lorenzenite","Na2Ti4+2O3(Si2O6)","Na2Ti2O3(Si2O6)","Na_2_Ti_2_O_3_(Si_2_O_6_)","Na_2_Ti^4+^_2_O_3_(Si_2_O_6_)","Na Ti O Si"," "," ",2887," ","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Na Ti^4+ O Si","Lrz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Loseyite","Loseyite","Mn2+4Zn2+3(CO3)2(OH)10","Mn2+4Zn3(CO3)2(OH)10","Mn^2+^_4_Zn_3_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_10_","Mn^2+^_4_Zn^2+^_3_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_10_","Mn Zn C O H"," "," ",2888," ","monoclinic","A2/a","Mn^2+ Zn^2+ C O H","Los","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Lotharmeyerite","Lotharmeyerite","CaZn2+2(As5+O4)2·2H2O","CaZn2(AsO4)2·2H2O","CaZn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","CaZn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Zn As O H","IMA1982-060"," ",2889,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Lmy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Loudounite","Loudounite","NaCa5Zr4+4Si16O40(OH)11·8H2O","NaCa5Zr4Si16O40(OH)11·8H2O","NaCa_5_Zr_4_Si_16_O_40_(OH)_11_·8H_2_O","NaCa_5_Zr^4+^_4_Si_16_O_40_(OH)_11_·8H_2_O","Na Ca Zr Si O H","IMA1982-013"," ",2890," ",,,"Na Ca Zr^4+ Si O H","Ldo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Loughlinite","Loughlinite","Na2Mg3Si6O16·8H2O","Na2Mg3Si6O16·8H2O","Na_2_Mg_3_Si_6_O_16_·8H_2_O","Na_2_Mg_3_Si_6_O_16_·8H_2_O","Na Mg Si O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2891,"Clay",,,"Na Mg Si O H","Lou","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Louisfuchsite","Louisfuchsite","Ca2(Mg4Ti4+2)(Al4Si2)O20","Ca2(Mg4Ti2)(Al4Si2)O20","Ca_2_(Mg_4_Ti_2_)(Al_4_Si_2_)O_20_","Ca_2_(Mg_4_Ti^4+^_2_)(Al_4_Si_2_)O_20_","Ca Mg Ti Al Si O","IMA2022-024"," ",7251,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg Ti^4+ Al Si O","Lfu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Lourenswalsite","Lourenswalsite","(K,Ba)2Ti4+4(Si,Al)6O14(OH)12","(K,Ba)2Ti4(Si,Al)6O14(OH)12","(K,Ba)_2_Ti_4_(Si,Al)_6_O_14_(OH)_12_","(K,Ba)_2_Ti^4+^_4_(Si,Al)_6_O_14_(OH)_12_","K Ba Ti Si Al O H","IMA1987-005"," ",2892," ","hexagonal",,"K Ba Ti^4+ Si Al O H","Lrw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lovdarite","Lovdarite","K2Na6Be4Si14O36·9H2O","K2Na6Be4Si14O36·9H2O","K_2_Na_6_Be_4_Si_14_O_36_·9H_2_O","K_2_Na_6_Be_4_Si_14_O_36_·9H_2_O","K Na Be Si O H","IMA1972-009"," ",2893," ","orthorhombic","Pma2","K Na Be Si O H","Lov","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Loveringite","Loveringite","(Ca,Ce3+,La)(Zr4+,Fe3+)(Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti4+,Fe3+,Cr3+,Al)18O38","(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38","(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)_2_(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)_18_O_38_","(Ca,Ce^3+^,La)(Zr^4+^,Fe^3+^)(Mg,Fe^3+^)_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Cr^3+^,Al)_18_O_38_","Ca Ce La Zr Fe Mg Ti Cr Al O","IMA1977-023"," ",2894,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Ca Ce^3+ La Zr^4+ Fe^3+ Mg Ti^4+ Cr^3+ Al O","Lvg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks","No" +"Lovozerite","Lovozerite","Na3CaZr4+Si6O15(OH)3","Na3CaZrSi6O15(OH)3","Na_3_CaZrSi_6_O_15_(OH)_3_","Na_3_CaZr^4+^Si_6_O_15_(OH)_3_","Na Ca Zr Si O H"," "," ",2895,"Lovozerite-Zirsinalite–Lovozerite","monoclinic, hexagonal","C2, R3","Na Ca Zr^4+ Si O H","Lvz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Löweite","Loweite","Na12Mg7(S6+O4)13·15H2O","Na12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O","Na_12_Mg_7_(SO_4_)_13_·15H_2_O","Na_12_Mg_7_(S^6+^O_4_)_13_·15H_2_O","Na Mg S O H"," "," ",2896," ","hexagonal","R3","Na Mg S^6+ O H","Löw","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Luanheite","Luanheite","Ag3Hg","Ag3Hg","Ag_3_Hg","Ag_3_Hg","Ag Hg","IMA1983-083"," ",2897," ","hexagonal",,"Ag Hg","Lua","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Luanshiweiite","Luanshiweiite","KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2","KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2","KLiAl_1.5_(Si_3.5_Al_0.5_)O_10_(OH)_2_","KLiAl_1.5_(Si_3.5_Al_0.5_)O_10_(OH)_2_","K Li Al Si O H","IMA2011-102"," ",6049,"Mica",,,"K Li Al Si O H","Lsw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Luberoite","Luberoite","Pt5Se4","Pt5Se4","Pt_5_Se_4_","Pt_5_Se_4_","Pt Se","IMA1990-047"," ",2898," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Pt Se","Lub","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Luboržákite","Luborzakite","Mn2+2As3+Sb3+S2-5","Mn2AsSbS5","Mn_2_AsSbS_5_","Mn^2+^_2_As^3+^Sb^3+^S^2-^_5_","Mn As Sb S","IMA2019-125"," ",7008,"Pavonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Mn^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Lbž","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Lucabindiite","Lucabindiite","(K,N3-H4)As3+4O6(Cl,Br)","(K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br)","(K,NH_4_)As_4_O_6_(Cl,Br)","(K,N^3-^H_4_)As^3+^_4_O_6_(Cl,Br)","K N H As O Cl Br","IMA2011-010"," ",5940,"Lucabindiite","hexagonal","P6/mmm, P622","K N^3- H As^3+ O Cl Br","Lbd","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Lucasite-(Ce)","Lucasite-(Ce)","Ce3+Ti4+2O5(OH)","CeTi2O5(OH)","CeTi_2_O_5_(OH)","Ce^3+^Ti^4+^_2_O_5_(OH)","Ce Ti O H","IMA1986-020"," ",2899,"Kassite","monoclinic","I2/a","Ce^3+ Ti^4+ O H","Lca-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lucasite-(La)","Lucasite-(La)","LaTi4+2O5(OH)","LaTi2O5(OH)","LaTi_2_O_5_(OH)","LaTi^4+^_2_O_5_(OH)","La Ti O H","IMA2024-073"," ",7523,"Kassite","monoclinic","I2/a","La Ti^4+ O H","Lca-La",,"No" +"Lucchesiite","Lucchesiite","CaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","CaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","CaFe^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","CaFe^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Ca Fe Al Si O B H","IMA2015-043"," ",6445,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O B H","Lcc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Luddenite","Luddenite","Cu2+2Pb2+2Si5O14·14H2O","Cu2Pb2Si5O14·14H2O","Cu_2_Pb_2_Si_5_O_14_·14H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_Pb^2+^_2_Si_5_O_14_·14H_2_O","Cu Pb Si O H","IMA1981-032"," ",2900," ","monoclinic",,"Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Si O H","Ldd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ludjibaite","Ludjibaite","Cu2+5(PO4)2(OH)4","Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4","Cu_5_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Cu P O H","IMA1987-009"," ",2901,"Medenbachite","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ P O H","Ldj","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ludlamite","Ludlamite","Fe2+3(PO4)2·4H2O","Fe2+3(PO4)2·4H2O","Fe^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Fe^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Fe P O H"," "," ",2902," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Fe^2+ P O H","Lud","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ludlockite","Ludlockite","Pb2+Fe3+4As3+10O22","PbFe3+4As3+10O22","PbFe^3+^_4_As^3+^_10_O_22_","Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_4_As^3+^_10_O_22_","Pb Fe As O","IMA1969-046"," ",2903," ","triclinic","A1","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ As^3+ O","Ldl","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Ludwigite","Ludwigite","Mg2Fe3+O2(BO3)","Mg2Fe3+O2(BO3)","Mg_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg Fe O B"," "," ",2904,"Ludwigite","orthorhombic","Pbam","Mg Fe^3+ O B","Ldw","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Lueshite","Lueshite","NaNb5+O3","NaNbO3","NaNbO_3_","NaNb^5+^O_3_","Na Nb O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2905,"Perovskite","hexagonal, orthorhombic","R3c, Pc21b, P2221, Pbma, P21ma","Na Nb^5+ O","Lue","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Luetheite","Luetheite","Cu2+Al(As5+O4)(OH)2","CuAl(AsO4)(OH)2","CuAl(AsO_4_)(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^Al(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_2_","Cu Al As O H","IMA1976-011"," ",2906,"Chenevixite","monoclinic","B21","Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O H","Lut","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lukechangite-(Ce)","Lukechangite-(Ce)","Na3Ce3+2(CO3)4F","Na3Ce2(CO3)4F","Na_3_Ce_2_(CO_3_)_4_F","Na_3_Ce^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_4_F","Na Ce C O F","IMA1996-033"," ",2907," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Na Ce^3+ C O F","Luk-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Lukkulaisvaaraite","Lukkulaisvaaraite","Pd14Ag2Te9","Pd14Ag2Te9","Pd_14_Ag_2_Te_9_","Pd_14_Ag_2_Te_9_","Pd Ag Te","IMA2013-115"," ",6274,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I4/m","Pd Ag Te","Lkk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Lukrahnite","Lukrahnite","CaCu2+Fe3+(As5+O4)2(OH,H2O)2","CaCuFe3+(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)2","CaCuFe^3+^(AsO_4_)_2_(OH,H_2_O)_2_","CaCu^2+^Fe^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH,H_2_O)_2_","Ca Cu Fe As O H","IMA1999-030"," ",2908,"Natrochalcite-Helmutwinklerite","triclinic","P1","Ca Cu^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Lkr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lulzacite","Lulzacite","Sr2Fe2+3Al4(PO4)4(OH)10","Sr2Fe2+3Al4(PO4)4(OH)10","Sr_2_Fe^2+^_3_Al_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_10_","Sr_2_Fe^2+^_3_Al_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_10_","Sr Fe Al P O H","IMA1998-039"," ",2909,"Jamesite","triclinic","P1","Sr Fe^2+ Al P O H","Lul","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Lumsdenite","Lumsdenite","NaCa3Mg2(As3+V4+2V5+10As5+6O51)·45H2O","NaCa3Mg2(As3+V4+2V5+10As5+6O51)·45H2O","NaCa_3_Mg_2_(As^3+^V^4+^_2_V^5+^_10_As^5+^_6_O_51_)·45H_2_O","NaCa_3_Mg_2_(As^3+^V^4+^_2_V^5+^_10_As^5+^_6_O_51_)·45H_2_O","Na Ca Mg As V O H","IMA2018-092"," ",6822," ","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Mg As^3+ V^4+ V^5+ As^5+ O H","Lum","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lüneburgite","Luneburgite","Mg3[B2(OH)6(PO4)2]·6H2O","Mg3[B2(OH)6(PO4)2]·6H2O","Mg_3_[B_2_(OH)_6_(PO_4_)_2_]·6H_2_O","Mg_3_[B_2_(OH)_6_(PO_4_)_2_]·6H_2_O","Mg B O H P"," "," ",2910," ","triclinic","P1","Mg B O H P","Lbu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Lunijianlaite","Lunijianlaite","Li0.7Al6.2(Si7Al)O20(OH,O)10","Li0.7Al6.2(Si7Al)O20(OH,O)10","Li_0.7_Al_6.2_(Si_7_Al)O_20_(OH,O)_10_","Li_0.7_Al_6.2_(Si_7_Al)O_20_(OH,O)_10_","Li Al Si O H","IMA1989-056"," ",2911,"Corrensite",,,"Li Al Si O H","Lji","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Lun'okite","Lunokite","MgMn2+Al(PO4)2(OH)·4H2O","MgMn2+Al(PO4)2(OH)·4H2O","MgMn^2+^Al(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","MgMn^2+^Al(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","Mg Mn Al P O H","IMA1982-058"," ",2912,"Overite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Mg Mn^2+ Al P O H","Lun","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Luobusaite","Luobusaite","Fe0.84Si2","Fe0.84Si2","Fe_0.84_Si_2_","Fe_0.84_Si_2_","Fe Si","IMA2005-052a"," ",5512," ","orthorhombic","Cmca","Fe Si","Luo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Luogufengite","Luogufengite","Fe3+2O3","Fe2O3","Fe_2_O_3_","Fe^3+^_2_O_3_","Fe O","IMA2016-005"," ",6533,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pna21","Fe^3+ O","Lgf","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Lusernaite-(Y)","Lusernaite-(Y)","Y4Al(CO3)2(OH,F)11·6H2O","Y4Al(CO3)2(OH,F)11·6H2O","Y_4_Al(CO_3_)_2_(OH,F)_11_·6H_2_O","Y_4_Al(CO_3_)_2_(OH,F)_11_·6H_2_O","Y Al C O H F","IMA2011-108"," ",6052,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pmna","Y Al C O H F","Lus-Y","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Lussierite","Lussierite","Na10[(U6+O2)(S6+O4)4](S6+O4)2(H2O)3","Na10[(UO2)(SO4)4](SO4)2(H2O)3","Na_10_[(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_4_](SO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_3_","Na_10_[(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_4_](S^6+^O_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_3_","Na U O S H","IMA2018-101"," ",6830,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","Cc","Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Lsi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Luxembourgite","Luxembourgite","Ag1+Cu1+Pb2+Bi3+4Se2-8","AgCuPbBi4Se8","AgCuPbBi_4_Se_8_","Ag^1+^Cu^1+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_4_Se^2-^_8_","Ag Cu Pb Bi Se","IMA2018-154"," ",6880,"Watkinsonite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Se^2-","Lux","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Luzonite","Luzonite","Cu3AsS2-4","Cu3AsS4","Cu_3_AsS_4_","Cu_3_AsS^2-^_4_","Cu As S"," "," ",2913,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I42m","Cu As S^2-","Luz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Lyonsite","Lyonsite","Cu2+3Fe3+4(V5+O4)6","Cu2+3Fe3+4(VO4)6","Cu^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_4_(VO_4_)_6_","Cu^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_4_(V^5+^O_4_)_6_","Cu Fe V O","IMA1986-041"," ",2914,"Lyonsite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ V^5+ O","Lyo","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Macaulayite","Macaulayite","Fe3+24Si4O43(OH)2","Fe3+24Si4O43(OH)2","Fe^3+^_24_Si_4_O_43_(OH)_2_","Fe^3+^_24_Si_4_O_43_(OH)_2_","Fe Si O H","IMA1981-062"," ",2915," ","monoclinic",,"Fe^3+ Si O H","Mcy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Macdonaldite","Macdonaldite","BaCa4Si16O36(OH)2·10H2O","BaCa4Si16O36(OH)2·10H2O","BaCa_4_Si_16_O_36_(OH)_2_·10H_2_O","BaCa_4_Si_16_O_36_(OH)_2_·10H_2_O","Ba Ca Si O H","IMA1964-010"," ",2916,"Rhodesite","orthorhombic","Bmmb, Cmcm","Ba Ca Si O H","Mcd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Macedonite","Macedonite","Pb2+Ti4+O3","PbTiO3","PbTiO_3_","Pb^2+^Ti^4+^O_3_","Pb Ti O","IMA1970-010"," ",2917,"Perovskite","tetragonal, orthorhombic","P4mm, Pmmm","Pb^2+ Ti^4+ O","Mce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Macfallite","Macfallite","Ca2Mn3+3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3","Ca2Mn3+3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3","Ca_2_Mn^3+^_3_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_3_","Ca_2_Mn^3+^_3_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_3_","Ca Mn Si O H","IMA1974-057"," ",2918," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Mn^3+ Si O H","Mcf","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Machatschkiite","Machatschkiite","Ca6(As5+O4)(As5+O3OH)3PO4·15H2O","Ca6(AsO4)(AsO3OH)3(PO4)·15H2O","Ca_6_(AsO_4_)(AsO_3_OH)_3_(PO_4_)·15H_2_O","Ca_6_(As^5+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_3_OH)_3_PO_4_·15H_2_O","Ca As O H P","IMA1976-010"," ",2919," ","hexagonal","R3c","Ca As^5+ O H P","Mct","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Machiite","Machiite","Al2Ti4+3O9","Al2Ti3O9","Al_2_Ti_3_O_9_","Al_2_Ti^4+^_3_O_9_","Al Ti O","IMA2016-067"," ",6596,"Schreyerite","monoclinic","C2/c","Al Ti^4+ O","Mci","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Macivorite","Macivorite","(N3-H4)3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2·18H2O","(NH4)3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2·18H2O","(NH_4_)_3_Al_5_(PO_3_OH)_6_(PO_4_)_2_·18H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_3_Al_5_(PO_3_OH)_6_(PO_4_)_2_·18H_2_O","N H Al P O","IMA2024-083"," ",7534,"Taranakite","hexagonal","R3c","N^3- H Al P O","Mvr",,"No" +"Mackayite","Mackayite","Fe3+Te4+2O5(OH)","Fe3+Te4+2O5(OH)","Fe^3+^Te^4+^_2_O_5_(OH)","Fe^3+^Te^4+^_2_O_5_(OH)","Fe Te O H"," "," ",2920," ","tetragonal","I41/acd","Fe^3+ Te^4+ O H","Mky","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mackinawite","Mackinawite","Fe2+S2-","FeS","FeS","Fe^2+^S^2-^","Fe S","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2921,"Litharge","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Fe^2+ S^2-","Mkw","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere, PM44 - Anoxic microbially-mediated minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Macphersonite","Macphersonite","Pb2+4(S6+O4)(CO3)2(OH)2","Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2","Pb_4_(SO_4_)(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb S O C H","IMA1982-105"," ",2922," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Pb^2+ S^6+ O C H","Mps","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Macquartite","Macquartite","Cu2+2Pb2+7(Cr6+O4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2","Cu2Pb7(CrO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2","Cu_2_Pb_7_(CrO_4_)_4_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^_2_Pb^2+^_7_(Cr^6+^O_4_)_4_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu Pb Cr O Si H","IMA1979-037"," ",2923," ","monoclinic",,"Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Cr^6+ O Si H","Mcq","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Macraeite","Macraeite","K(H2O)Mn2+2(Fe3+2Ti4+)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10·4H2O","K(H2O)Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10·4H2O","K(H_2_O)Mn_2_(Fe_2_Ti)(PO_4_)_4_[O(OH)](H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","K(H_2_O)Mn^2+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2_Ti^4+^)(PO_4_)_4_[O(OH)](H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","K H O Mn Fe Ti P","IMA2023-065"," ",7409,"Paulkerrite","monoclinic","P21/c","K H O Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ P","Macr",,"No" +"Madeiraite","Madeiraite","Na2Ca2Fe2+2Zr4+2(Si2O7)2O2F2","Na2Ca2Fe2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2","Na_2_Ca_2_Fe_2_Zr_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Na_2_Ca_2_Fe^2+^_2_Zr^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Na Ca Fe Zr Si O F","IMA2021-077"," ",7184,"Wöhlerite","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Ca Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Si O F","Mde","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Madocite","Madocite","Pb2+19(Sb3+,As3+)16S2-43","Pb19(Sb,As)16S43","Pb_19_(Sb,As)_16_S_43_","Pb^2+^_19_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_16_S^2-^_43_","Pb Sb As S","IMA1966-015"," ",2924,"Madocite","orthorhombic",,"Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Mdc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Magadiite","Magadiite","Na2Si14O28(OH)2·8H2O","Na2Si14O28(OH)2·8H2O","Na_2_Si_14_O_28_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Na_2_Si_14_O_28_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Na Si O H","IMA1967-017"," ",2925," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Si O H","Mgd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Magbasite","Magbasite","KBaFe3+Mg7Si8O22(OH)2F6","KBaFe3+Mg7Si8O22(OH)2F6","KBaFe^3+^Mg_7_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_F_6_","KBaFe^3+^Mg_7_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_F_6_","K Ba Fe Mg Si O H F","IMA1968 s.p."," ",2926," ","orthorhombic","Cmma","K Ba Fe^3+ Mg Si O H F","Mgb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Magganasite","Magganasite","Cu2+Fe3+3O(As5+O4)3","CuFe3+3O(AsO4)3","CuFe^3+^_3_O(AsO_4_)_3_","Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_3_O(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Cu Fe O As","IMA2021-112"," ",7215,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ O As^5+","Mgg","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Maghagendorfite","Maghagendorfite","Na2MgFe2+Fe3+(PO4)3","Na2MgFe2+Fe3+(PO4)3","Na_2_MgFe^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_","Na_2_MgFe^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_","Na Mg Fe P O","IMA2019 s.p."," ",2927,"Alluaudite",,,"Na Mg Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O","Mhag","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Maghemite","Maghemite","(Fe3+0.67☐0.33)Fe3+2O4","(Fe3+0.67☐0.33)Fe3+2O4","(Fe^3+^_0.67_[box]_0.33_)Fe^3+^_2_O_4_","(Fe^3+^_0.67_[box]_0.33_)Fe^3+^_2_O_4_","Fe O","IMA2018 s.p."," ",2928,"Spinel","cubic, tetragonal","Fd3m, P43212, P4132, P43m, P4332, Fd3m","Fe^3+ O","Mgh","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Maghrebite","Maghrebite","MgAl2(As5+O4)2(OH)2·8H2O","MgAl2(AsO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","MgAl_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","MgAl_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg Al As O H","IMA2005-044"," ",5539,"Laueite","triclinic","P1","Mg Al As^5+ O H","Mhb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Magnanelliite","Magnanelliite","K3Fe3+2(S6+O4)4(OH)(H2O)2","K3Fe3+2(SO4)4(OH)(H2O)2","K_3_Fe^3+^_2_(SO_4_)_4_(OH)(H_2_O)_2_","K_3_Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(OH)(H_2_O)_2_","K Fe S O H","IMA2019-006"," ",6895,"Alcaparrosaite","monoclinic","C2/c","K Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Mgn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Magnéliite","Magneliite","Ti3+2Ti4+2O7","Ti3+2Ti4+2O7","Ti^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_2_O_7_","Ti^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_2_O_7_","Ti O","IMA2021-111"," ",7214," ","triclinic","P1, A1","Ti^3+ Ti^4+ O","Mnli","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Magnesioalterite","Magnesioalterite","Mg2Fe3+4(S6+O4)4((C2)6+O4)2(OH)4·17H2O","Mg2Fe3+4(SO4)4(C2O4)2(OH)4·17H2O","Mg_2_Fe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_4_(C_2_O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·17H_2_O","Mg_2_Fe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·17H_2_O","Mg Fe S O C H","IMA2020-050"," ",7055,"Alterite, Oxalate","monoclinic","C2/c","Mg Fe^3+ S^6+ O C H","Matr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Magnesio-arfvedsonite","Magnesio-arfvedsonite","NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2","NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2","NaNa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","NaNa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Mg Fe Si O H","IMA2013-137"," ",2929,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Fe^3+ Si O H","Marf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Magnesioaubertite","Magnesioaubertite","MgAl(S6+O4)2Cl·14H2O","MgAl(SO4)2Cl·14H2O","MgAl(SO_4_)_2_Cl·14H_2_O","MgAl(S^6+^O_4_)_2_Cl·14H_2_O","Mg Al S O Cl H","IMA1982-015"," ",2931,"Aubertite","triclinic","P1","Mg Al S^6+ O Cl H","Maub","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S","Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S","(Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2","(Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2","(Mg_6_Al_2_)(Al_18_Fe^3+^_2_)O_38_(OH)_2_","(Mg_6_Al_2_)(Al_18_Fe^3+^_2_)O_38_(OH)_2_","Mg Al Fe O H","IMA2016-073"," ",6601,"Hogbömite","hexagonal","P3m1","Mg Al Fe^3+ O H","Mbt-2N3S","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Magnesiobermanite","Magnesiobermanite","MgMn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","MgMn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","MgMn^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","MgMn^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Mg Mn P O H","IMA2018-115"," ",6846,"Arthurite","monoclinic","P21","Mg Mn^3+ P O H","Mbrm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Magnesiocanutite","Magnesiocanutite","Na☐Mn2+Mg2[As5+O4]2[As5+O2(OH)2]","Na☐MnMg2[AsO4]2[AsO2(OH)2]","Na[box]MnMg_2_[AsO_4_]_2_[AsO_2_(OH)_2_]","Na[box]Mn^2+^Mg_2_[As^5+^O_4_]_2_[As^5+^O_2_(OH)_2_]","Na Mn Mg As O H","IMA2016-057"," ",6584,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mn^2+ Mg As^5+ O H","Mcan","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Magnesiocarpholite","Magnesiocarpholite","MgAl2Si2O6(OH)4","MgAl2Si2O6(OH)4","MgAl_2_Si_2_O_6_(OH)_4_","MgAl_2_Si_2_O_6_(OH)_4_","Mg Al Si O H","IMA1978-027"," ",2932,"Carpholite","orthorhombic","Ccca","Mg Al Si O H","Mcar","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Magnesiochloritoid","Magnesiochloritoid","MgAl2O(SiO4)(OH)2","MgAl2O(SiO4)(OH)2","MgAl_2_O(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_","MgAl_2_O(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_","Mg Al O Si H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",2933,"Chloritoid","monoclinic","C2/c","Mg Al O Si H","Mcld","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Magnesiochlorophoenicite","Magnesiochlorophoenicite","Mg3Zn2+2As5+O4(OH,O)6","Mg3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6","Mg_3_Zn_2_(AsO_4_)(OH,O)_6_","Mg_3_Zn^2+^_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH,O)_6_","Mg Zn As O H","IMA1981 s.p."," ",2962,"Chlorophoenicite","monoclinic",,"Mg Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Mcpo","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Magnesiochromite","Magnesiochromite","MgCr3+2O4","MgCr2O4","MgCr_2_O_4_","MgCr^3+^_2_O_4_","Mg Cr O"," "," ",2934,"Spinel","cubic, orthorhombic","Fd3m, Fd3m, Cmcm","Mg Cr^3+ O","Mchr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Magnesiocopiapite","Magnesiocopiapite","MgFe3+4(S6+O4)6(OH)2·20H2O","MgFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O","MgFe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","MgFe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","Mg Fe S O H"," "," ",2937,"Copiapite","triclinic","P1, P1","Mg Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Mcpi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Magnesiocoulsonite","Magnesiocoulsonite","MgV3+2O4","MgV2O4","MgV_2_O_4_","MgV^3+^_2_O_4_","Mg V O","IMA1994-034"," ",2938,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Mg V^3+ O","Mcou","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Magnesiodumortierite","Magnesiodumortierite","MgAl6BSi3O17(OH)","MgAl6BSi3O17(OH)","MgAl_6_BSi_3_O_17_(OH)","MgAl_6_BSi_3_O_17_(OH)","Mg Al B Si O H","IMA1992-050"," ",2940,"Dumortierite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Mg Al B Si O H","Mdum","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Magnesio-dutrowite","Magnesio-dutrowite","Na(Mg2.5Ti4+0.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","Na(Mg2.5Ti0.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","Na(Mg_2.5_Ti_0.5_)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na(Mg_2.5_Ti^4+^_0.5_)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na Mg Ti Al Si O B H","IMA2023-015"," ",7373,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Mg Ti^4+ Al Si O B H","Mdtw",,"No" +"Magnesio-ferri-fluoro-hornblende","Magnesio-ferri-fluoro-hornblende","☐Ca2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22F2","☐Ca2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22F2","[box]Ca_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_7_Al)O_22_F_2_","[box]Ca_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_7_Al)O_22_F_2_","Ca Mg Fe Si Al O F","IMA2014-091"," ",6389,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mg Fe^3+ Si Al O F","Mffhbl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Magnesio-ferri-hornblende","Magnesio-ferri-hornblende","☐Ca2(Mg4Fe3+)[(Si7Al)O22](OH)2","☐Ca2(Mg4Fe3+)[(Si7Al)O22](OH)2","[box]Ca_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)[(Si_7_Al)O_22_](OH)_2_","[box]Ca_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)[(Si_7_Al)O_22_](OH)_2_","Ca Mg Fe Si Al O H","IMA2021-100"," ",7204,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mg Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Mfhbl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Magnesioferrite","Magnesioferrite","MgFe3+2O4","MgFe3+2O4","MgFe^3+^_2_O_4_","MgFe^3+^_2_O_4_","Mg Fe O"," "," ",2943,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Mg Fe^3+ O","Mfr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Magnesiofluckite","Magnesiofluckite","CaMg(As5+O3OH)2(H2O)2","CaMg(AsO3OH)2(H2O)2","CaMg(AsO_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","CaMg(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Ca Mg As O H","IMA2017-103"," ",6728,"Krautite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg As^5+ O H","Mfck","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite","Magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite","NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22F2","NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22F2","NaNa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","NaNa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","Na Mg Fe Si O F","IMA1998-056, IMA2012 s.p."," ",1961,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Fe^3+ Si O F","Mfarf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Magnesio-fluoro-hastingsite","Magnesio-fluoro-hastingsite","NaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22F2","NaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22F2","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_F_2_","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_F_2_","Na Ca Mg Fe Si Al O F","IMA2005-002, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5453,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Fe^3+ Si Al O F","Mfhst","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Magnesio-foitite","Magnesio-foitite","☐(Mg2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH","☐(Mg2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","[box](Mg_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","[box](Mg_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_OH","Mg Al Si O B H","IMA1998-037"," ",2944,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Al Si O B H","Mfoi","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Magnesio-hastingsite","Magnesio-hastingsite","NaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si6Al2O22(OH)2","NaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)Si_6_Al_2_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Fe Si Al O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",2945,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Mhst","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Magnesiohatertite","Magnesiohatertite","NaNaCa(MgFe3+)(As5+O4)3","NaNaCa(MgFe3+)(AsO4)3","NaNaCa(MgFe^3+^)(AsO_4_)_3_","NaNaCa(MgFe^3+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Mg Fe As O","IMA2016-078"," ",6604,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca Mg Fe^3+ As^5+ O","Mhtt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S","Magnesiohogbomite-2N2S","(Al,Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Ti4+)22(O,OH)32","(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)22(O,OH)32","(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)_22_(O,OH)_32_","(Al,Mg,Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^,Ti^4+^)_22_(O,OH)_32_","Mg Fe Al Ti O H","IMA2001 s.p."," ",2946,"Hogbömite-Magnesiohogbömite","hexagonal","P63mc","Al Mg Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O H","Mhög-2N2S","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S","Magnesiohogbomite-2N3S","(Mg,Fe2+,Zn2+,Ti4+)4(Al,Fe3+)10O19(OH)","(Mg,Fe,Zn,Ti)4(Al,Fe)10O19(OH)","(Mg,Fe,Zn,Ti)_4_(Al,Fe)_10_O_19_(OH)","(Mg,Fe^2+^,Zn^2+^,Ti^4+^)_4_(Al,Fe^3+^)_10_O_19_(OH)","Mg Fe Zn Ti Al O H","IMA2001 s.p."," ",2947,"Hogbömite-Magnesiohogbömite","hexagonal","P3m1","Mg Fe^2+ Zn^2+ Ti^4+ Al Fe^3+ O H","Mhög-2N3S","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S","Magnesiohogbomite-2N4S","(Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2","(Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2","(Mg_8.43_Fe^2+^_1.57_)Al_22_Ti^4+^_2_O_46_(OH)_2_","(Mg_8.43_Fe^2+^_1.57_)Al_22_Ti^4+^_2_O_46_(OH)_2_","Mg Fe Al Ti O H","IMA2010-084"," ",5927,"Hogbömite-Magnesiohogbömite","hexagonal","P63mc","Mg Fe^2+ Al Ti^4+ O H","Mhög-2N4S","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S","Magnesiohogbomite-6N12S","Mg5Al11Ti4+O23(OH)","Mg5Al11TiO23(OH)","Mg_5_Al_11_TiO_23_(OH)","Mg_5_Al_11_Ti^4+^O_23_(OH)","Mg Al Ti O H","IMA2020-029"," ",7039,"Hogbömite-Magnesiohogbömite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Al Ti^4+ O H","Mhög-6N12S","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S","Magnesiohogbomite-6N6S","(Mg,Al,Fe2+,Fe3+)3(Al,Ti4+)8O15(OH)","(Mg,Al,Fe)3(Al,Ti)8O15(OH)","(Mg,Al,Fe)_3_(Al,Ti)_8_O_15_(OH)","(Mg,Al,Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_3_(Al,Ti^4+^)_8_O_15_(OH)","Mg Al Fe Ti O H","IMA2001 s.p."," ",2948,"Hogbömite-Magnesiohogbömite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Al Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O H","Mhög-6N6S","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Magnesio-hornblende","Magnesio-hornblende","☐Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","☐Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","[box]Ca_2_(Mg_4_Al)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Ca_2_(Mg_4_Al)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Ca Mg Al Si O H","IMA2017-059"," ",2950,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mg Al Si O H","Mhbl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Magnesiohulsite","Magnesiohulsite","Mg2Fe3+O2(BO3)","Mg2Fe3+O2(BO3)","Mg_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg Fe O B","IMA1983-074"," ",2951,"Hulsite","monoclinic","P2/m","Mg Fe^3+ O B","Mhul","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Magnesiokoritnigite","Magnesiokoritnigite","Mg(As5+O3OH)·H2O","Mg(AsO3OH)·H2O","Mg(AsO_3_OH)·H_2_O","Mg(As^5+^O_3_OH)·H_2_O","Mg As O H","IMA2013-049"," ",6213,"Krautite","triclinic","P1","Mg As^5+ O H","Mkor","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Magnesioleydetite","Magnesioleydetite","Mg(U6+O2)(S6+O4)2·11H2O","Mg(UO2)(SO4)2·11H2O","Mg(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_·11H_2_O","Mg(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·11H_2_O","Mg U O S H","IMA2017-063"," ",6689,"Leydetite","monoclinic","C2/c","Mg U^6+ O S^6+ H","Mley","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Magnesio-lucchesiite","Magnesio-lucchesiite","CaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","CaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","CaMg_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","CaMg_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Ca Mg Al Si O B H","IMA2019-025"," ",6913,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Mg Al Si O B H","Mlcc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Magnesioneptunite","Magnesioneptunite","KNa2Li(Mg,Fe2+)2Ti4+2Si8O24","KNa2Li(Mg,Fe)2Ti2Si8O24","KNa_2_Li(Mg,Fe)_2_Ti_2_Si_8_O_24_","KNa_2_Li(Mg,Fe^2+^)_2_Ti^4+^_2_Si_8_O_24_","K Na Li Mg Fe Ti Si O","IMA2009-009"," ",5738,"Neptunite","monoclinic","C2/c","K Na Li Mg Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O","Mnpt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Magnesionigerite-2N1S","Magnesionigerite-2N1S","(Mg,Al,Zn2+)2(Al,Sn4+)6O11(OH)","(Mg,Al,Zn)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH)","(Mg,Al,Zn)_2_(Al,Sn)_6_O_11_(OH)","(Mg,Al,Zn^2+^)_2_(Al,Sn^4+^)_6_O_11_(OH)","Mg Al Zn Sn O H","IMA1988-010, IMA2001 s.p."," ",2953,"Hogbömite-Nigerite","hexagonal","P3m1","Mg Al Zn^2+ Sn^4+ O H","Mgng-2N1S","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Magnesionigerite-6N6S","Magnesionigerite-6N6S","(Mg,Al,Zn2+)3(Al,Sn4+,Fe3+,Fe2+)8O15(OH)","(Mg,Al,Zn)3(Al,Sn,Fe)8O15(OH)","(Mg,Al,Zn)_3_(Al,Sn,Fe)_8_O_15_(OH)","(Mg,Al,Zn^2+^)_3_(Al,Sn^4+^,Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_8_O_15_(OH)","Mg Al Zn Sn Fe O H","IMA2001 s.p."," ",2954,"Hogbömite-Nigerite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Al Zn^2+ Sn^4+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ O H","Mgng-6N6S","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Magnesiopascoite","Magnesiopascoite","Ca2Mg[V5+10O28]·16H2O","Ca2MgV5+10O28·16H2O","Ca_2_MgV^5+^_10_O_28_·16H_2_O","Ca_2_Mg[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·16H_2_O","Ca Mg V O H","IMA2007-025"," ",5627,"Pascoite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mg V^5+ O H","Mpas","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Magnesioqingheiite","Magnesioqingheiite","Na2Mg(MgAl)(PO4)3","Na2Mg(MgAl)(PO4)3","Na_2_Mg(MgAl)(PO_4_)_3_","Na_2_Mg(MgAl)(PO_4_)_3_","Na Mg Al P O","IMA2022-136"," ",7381,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Mg Al P O","Mqin",,"No" +"Magnesio-riebeckite","Magnesio-riebeckite","☐Na2(Mg3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2","☐Na2(Mg3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Na_2_(Mg_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Na_2_(Mg_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Mg Fe Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",2955,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Fe^3+ Si O H","Mrbk","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Magnesiorowlandite-(Y)","Magnesiorowlandite-(Y)","Y4(Mg,Fe2+)(Si2O7)2F2","Y4(Mg,Fe)(Si2O7)2F2","Y_4_(Mg,Fe)(Si_2_O_7_)_2_F_2_","Y_4_(Mg,Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)_2_F_2_","Y Mg Fe Si O F","IMA2012-010"," ",6069,"Rowlandite",,,"Y Mg Fe^2+ Si O F","Mrow-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Magnesiostaurolite","Magnesiostaurolite","Mg(Mg,Li)3(Al,Mg)18Si8O44(OH)4","Mg(Mg,Li)3(Al,Mg)18Si8O44(OH)4","Mg(Mg,Li)_3_(Al,Mg)_18_Si_8_O_44_(OH)_4_","Mg(Mg,Li)_3_(Al,Mg)_18_Si_8_O_44_(OH)_4_","Mg Li Al Si O H","IMA1992-035"," ",2957,"Staurolite","monoclinic","C2/m","Mg Li Al Si O H","Mst","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Magnesiotaaffeite-2N'2S","Magnesiotaaffeite-2N2S","Mg3BeAl8O16","Mg3BeAl8O16","Mg_3_BeAl_8_O_16_","Mg_3_BeAl_8_O_16_","Mg Be Al O","IMA2001 s.p."," ",2958,"Taaffeite-Magnesiotaaffeite","hexagonal","P63mc","Mg Be Al O","Mtf-2N'2S","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Magnesiotaaffeite-6N'3S","Magnesiotaaffeite-6N3S","Mg2BeAl6O12","Mg2BeAl6O12","Mg_2_BeAl_6_O_12_","Mg_2_BeAl_6_O_12_","Mg Be Al O","IMA1966-041, IMA2001 s.p."," ",2959,"Taaffeite-Magnesiotaaffeite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Be Al O","Mtf- 6N'3S","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Magnesiovesuvianite","Magnesiovesuvianite","Ca19Mg(Al11Mg)Si18O69(OH)9","Ca19Mg(Al11Mg)Si18O69(OH)9","Ca_19_Mg(Al_11_Mg)Si_18_O_69_(OH)_9_","Ca_19_Mg(Al_11_Mg)Si_18_O_69_(OH)_9_","Ca Mg Al Si O H","IMA2015-104"," ",6504,"Vesuvianite","tetragonal","P4/n","Ca Mg Al Si O H","Mves","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization","No" +"Magnesiovoltaite","Magnesiovoltaite","K2Mg5Fe3+3Al(S6+O4)12·18H2O","K2Mg5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12·18H2O","K_2_Mg_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(SO_4_)_12_·18H_2_O","K_2_Mg_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_12_·18H_2_O","K Mg Fe Al S O H","IMA2015-095"," ",6494,"Voltaite","cubic","Fd3c","K Mg Fe^3+ Al S^6+ O H","Mvlt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Magnesiozippeite","Magnesiozippeite","Mg(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)O2·3.5H2O","Mg(UO2)2(SO4)O2·3.5H2O","Mg(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)O_2_·3.5H_2_O","Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)O_2_·3.5H_2_O","Mg U O S H","IMA1971-007"," ",2963,"Zippeite","monoclinic","C2/m, P21/c","Mg U^6+ O S^6+ H","Mzip","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Magnesite","Magnesite","MgCO3","Mg(CO3)","Mg(CO_3_)","MgCO_3_","Mg C O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",2961,"Calcite","hexagonal","R3c, R3","Mg C O","Mgs","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere, PM44 - Anoxic microbially-mediated minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Magnetite","Magnetite","Fe2+Fe3+2O4","Fe2+Fe3+2O4","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_O_4_","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_O_4_","Fe O"," "," ",2965,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m, F43m","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O","Mag","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere, PM44 - Anoxic microbially-mediated minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Magnetoplumbite","Magnetoplumbite","Pb2+Fe3+12O19","PbFe3+12O19","PbFe^3+^_12_O_19_","Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_12_O_19_","Pb Fe O","IMA2020 s.p."," ",2966,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ O","Mpl","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Magnioursilite","Magnioursilite","Mg4(U6+O2)4(Si2O5)5(OH)6·20H2O","Mg4(UO2)4(Si2O5)5(OH)6·20H2O","Mg_4_(UO_2_)_4_(Si_2_O_5_)_5_(OH)_6_·20H_2_O","Mg_4_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(Si_2_O_5_)_5_(OH)_6_·20H_2_O","Mg U O Si H"," "," ",5409,"Ursilite","orthorhombic",,"Mg U^6+ O Si H","Mau","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Magnolite","Magnolite","Hg1+2Te4+O3","Hg1+2(Te4+O3)","Hg^1+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)","Hg^1+^_2_Te^4+^O_3_","Hg Te O"," "," ",2968," ","orthorhombic","Pbm2","Hg^1+ Te^4+ O","Mno","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Magnussonite","Magnussonite","Mn2+5As3+3O9(OH,Cl)","Mn2+10As3+6O18(OH,Cl)2","Mn^2+^_10_As^3+^_6_O_18_(OH,Cl)_2_","Mn^2+^_5_As^3+^_3_O_9_(OH,Cl)","Mn As O H Cl","IMA1984 s.p."," ",2969,"Magnussonite","cubic","Ia3d","Mn^2+ As^3+ O H Cl","Mnu","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Magselite","Magselite","[Mg(H2O)6](Se4+O3)","[Mg(H2O)6](Se4+O3)","[Mg(H_2_O)_6_](Se^4+^O_3_)","[Mg(H_2_O)_6_](Se^4+^O_3_)","Mg H O Se","IMA2024-084"," ",7535," ","hexagonal","R3","Mg H O Se^4+","Mgsl",,"No" +"Mahnertite","Mahnertite","(Na,Ca,K)Cu2+3(As5+O4)2Cl·5H2O","(Na,Ca,K)Cu3(AsO4)2Cl·5H2O","(Na,Ca,K)Cu_3_(AsO_4_)_2_Cl·5H_2_O","(Na,Ca,K)Cu^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_Cl·5H_2_O","Na Ca K Cu As O Cl H","IMA1994-035"," ",2970," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Na Ca K Cu^2+ As^5+ O Cl H","Mah","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Maikainite","Maikainite","Cu1+10Fe2+3Mo4+Ge4+3S2-16","Cu10Fe3MoGe3S16","Cu_10_Fe_3_MoGe_3_S_16_","Cu^1+^_10_Fe^2+^_3_Mo^4+^Ge^4+^_3_S^2-^_16_","Cu Fe Mo Ge S","IMA1992-038"," ",5055,"Germanite, Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic",,"Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Mo^4+ Ge^4+ S^2-","Mai","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Majakite","Majakite","PdNiAs","PdNiAs","PdNiAs","PdNiAs","Pd Ni As","IMA1974-038"," ",2971," ","hexagonal","P62c","Pd Ni As","Mjk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Majindeite","Majindeite","Mg2Mo4+3O8","Mg2Mo3O8","Mg_2_Mo_3_O_8_","Mg_2_Mo^4+^_3_O_8_","Mg Mo O","IMA2012-079"," ",6135,"Nolanite","hexagonal","P63mc","Mg Mo^4+ O","Mjd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Majorite","Majorite","Mg3(MgSi)(SiO4)3","Mg3(MgSi)(SiO4)3","Mg_3_(MgSi)(SiO_4_)_3_","Mg_3_(MgSi)(SiO_4_)_3_","Mg Si O","IMA1969-018"," ",2972,"Garnet","tetragonal, cubic","I41/a, I41/acd","Mg Si O","Maj","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Majzlanite","Majzlanite","K2Na(Zn2+Na)Ca(S6+O4)4","K2Na(ZnNa)Ca(SO4)4","K_2_Na(ZnNa)Ca(SO_4_)_4_","K_2_Na(Zn^2+^Na)Ca(S^6+^O_4_)_4_","K Na Zn Ca S O","IMA2018-016"," ",6759,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","K Na Zn^2+ Ca S^6+ O","Mjz","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Makarochkinite","Makarochkinite","Ca4[Fe2+8Fe3+2Ti4+2]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36]","Ca4[Fe2+8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36]","Ca_4_[Fe^2+^_8_Fe^3+^_2_Ti_2_]O_4_[Si_8_Be_2_Al_2_O_36_]","Ca_4_[Fe^2+^_8_Fe^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_2_]O_4_[Si_8_Be_2_Al_2_O_36_]","Ca Fe Ti O Si Be Al","IMA2002-009a"," ",5348,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O Si Be Al","Mkr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Makatite","Makatite","Na2Si4O8(OH)2·4H2O","Na2Si4O8(OH)2·4H2O","Na_2_Si_4_O_8_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Na_2_Si_4_O_8_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Si O H","IMA1969-003"," ",2973," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Si O H","Mkt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Mäkinenite","Makinenite","NiSe","NiSe","NiSe","NiSe","Ni Se","IMA1967 s.p."," ",2974,"Millerite","hexagonal","R3m","Ni Se","Mkn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Makotoite","Makotoite","Ag12(Cu3Au)S8","Ag12(Cu3Au)S8","Ag_12_(Cu_3_Au)S_8_","Ag_12_(Cu_3_Au)S_8_","Ag Cu Au S","IMA2020-071"," ",7087,"Uytenbogaardtite","hexagonal","R3c","Ag Cu Au S","Mako","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Makovickyite","Makovickyite","Cu1.12Ag0.81Pb2+0.27Bi3+5.35S2-9","Cu1.12Ag0.81Pb0.27Bi5.35S9","Cu_1.12_Ag_0.81_Pb_0.27_Bi_5.35_S_9_","Cu_1.12_Ag_0.81_Pb^2+^_0.27_Bi^3+^_5.35_S^2-^_9_","Cu Ag Pb Bi S","IMA1986-027"," ",2975,"Pavonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu Ag Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Mvk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Malachite","Malachite","Cu2+2CO3(OH)2","Cu2(CO3)(OH)2","Cu_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^_2_CO_3_(OH)_2_","Cu C O H"," "," ",2976,"Malachite","monoclinic","P21/a","Cu^2+ C O H","Mlc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Malanite","Malanite","Cu1+(Ir3+Pt4+)S2-4","Cu1+(Ir3+Pt4+)S4","Cu^1+^(Ir^3+^Pt^4+^)S_4_","Cu^1+^(Ir^3+^Pt^4+^)S^2-^_4_","Cu Ir Pt S","IMA1995-003"," ",2977,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Cu^1+ Ir^3+ Pt^4+ S^2-","Mla","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Malayaite","Malayaite","CaSn4+O(SiO4)","CaSnO(SiO4)","CaSnO(SiO_4_)","CaSn^4+^O(SiO_4_)","Ca Sn O Si","IMA1964-024"," ",2978,"Titanite","monoclinic","A2/a","Ca Sn^4+ O Si","Mly","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Maldonite","Maldonite","Au2Bi","Au2Bi","Au_2_Bi","Au_2_Bi","Au Bi"," "," ",2979," ","cubic","Fd3m","Au Bi","Mdo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Maleevite","Maleevite","BaB2Si2O8","BaB2Si2O8","BaB_2_Si_2_O_8_","BaB_2_Si_2_O_8_","Ba B Si O","IMA2002-027"," ",5196,"Danburite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ba B Si O","Mle","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Maletoyvayamite","Maletoyvayamite","Au3Se4Te6","Au3Se4Te6","Au_3_Se_4_Te_6_","Au_3_Se_4_Te_6_","Au Se Te","IMA2019-021"," ",6909,"Maletoyvayamite","triclinic","P1","Au Se Te","Mty","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Malhmoodite","Malhmoodite","Fe2+Zr4+(PO4)2·4H2O","Fe2+Zr(PO4)2·4H2O","Fe^2+^Zr(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Fe^2+^Zr^4+^(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Fe Zr P O H","IMA1992-001"," ",5054,"Malhmoodite","monoclinic, triclinic","P21/c, P1","Fe^2+ Zr^4+ P O H","Mmo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Malinkoite","Malinkoite","NaBSiO4","NaBSiO4","NaBSiO_4_","NaBSiO_4_","Na B Si O","IMA2000-009"," ",2981,"Beryllonite","hexagonal","P63","Na B Si O","Mlk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Malladrite","Malladrite","Na2SiF6","Na2SiF6","Na_2_SiF_6_","Na_2_SiF_6_","Na Si F"," "," ",2982,"Malladrite","hexagonal","P321","Na Si F","Mld","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Mallardite","Mallardite","Mn 2+S6+O4·7H2O","Mn(SO4)·7H2O","Mn(SO_4_)·7H_2_O","Mn^ 2+^S^6+^O_4_·7H_2_O","Mn S O H"," "," ",2983,"Melanterite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn S^6+ O H","Mal","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Mallestigite","Mallestigite","Pb2+3Sb5+(S6+O4)(As5+O4)(OH)6·3H2O","Pb3Sb(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6·3H2O","Pb_3_Sb(SO_4_)(AsO_4_)(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Pb^2+^_3_Sb^5+^(S^6+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Pb Sb S O As H","IMA1996-043"," ",2984,"Fleischerite","hexagonal","P63, P6322","Pb^2+ Sb^5+ S^6+ O As^5+ H","Mlg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Malyshevite","Malyshevite","Cu1+Pd2+Bi3+S2-3","PdCuBiS3","PdCuBiS_3_","Cu^1+^Pd^2+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_3_","Pd Cu Bi S","IMA2006-012"," ",5561,"Lapieite","orthorhombic",,"Cu^1+ Pd^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Mys","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mambertiite","Mambertiite","Bi3+Mo5+2.80O8(OH)","BiMo5+2.8O8(OH)","BiMo^5+^_2.8_O_8_(OH)","Bi^3+^Mo^5+^_2.80_O_8_(OH)","Bi Mo O H","IMA2013-098"," ",6254,"Gelosaite","triclinic","P1","Bi^3+ Mo^5+ O H","Mam","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mammothite","Mammothite","Pb2+6Cu2+4AlSb5+O2(S6+O4)2Cl4(OH)16","Pb6Cu4AlSb5+O2(SO4)2Cl4(OH)16","Pb_6_Cu_4_AlSb^5+^O_2_(SO_4_)_2_Cl_4_(OH)_16_","Pb^2+^_6_Cu^2+^_4_AlSb^5+^O_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_Cl_4_(OH)_16_","Pb Cu Al Sb O S Cl H","IMA1983-076a"," ",2985," ","monoclinic","C2/m, C2","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Al Sb^5+ O S^6+ Cl H","Mm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Mampsisite","Mampsisite","Ca4Al2(OH)12(CO3)· 5H2O","Ca4Al2(OH)12(CO3) · 5H2O","Ca_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_) · 5H_2_O","Ca_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)· 5H_2_O","Ca Al O H C","IMA2023-090"," ",7428,"Hydrotalcite","triclinic","P1","Ca Al O H C","Mmp",,"No" +"Manaevite-(Ce)","Manaevite-(Ce)","Ca11(Ce3+,H2O,Ca)8Mg(Al,Fe3+)4(Mg,Ti4+,Fe3+)8[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)8(H4O4)2](OH)9","Ca11(Ce,H2O,Ca)8Mg(Al,Fe)4(Mg,Ti,Fe3+)8[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)8(H4O4)2](OH)9","Ca_11_(Ce,H_2_O,Ca)_8_Mg(Al,Fe)_4_(Mg,Ti,Fe^3+^)_8_[Si_2_O_7_]_4_[(SiO_4_)_8_(H_4_O_4_)_2_](OH)_9_","Ca_11_(Ce^3+^,H_2_O,Ca)_8_Mg(Al,Fe^3+^)_4_(Mg,Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_8_[Si_2_O_7_]_4_[(SiO_4_)_8_(H_4_O_4_)_2_](OH)_9_","Ca Ce H O Mg Al Fe Ti Si","IMA2018-046"," ",6784,"Vesuvianite","tetragonal","P4/nnc","Ca Ce^3+ H O Mg Al Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Si","Mv-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Manaksite","Manaksite","KNaMn2+Si4O10","KNaMn2+Si4O10","KNaMn^2+^Si_4_O_10_","KNaMn^2+^Si_4_O_10_","K Na Mn Si O","IMA1990-024"," ",2986,"Litidionite","triclinic","P1","K Na Mn^2+ Si O","Mnk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Manandonite","Manandonite","Li2Al4(Si2AlB)O10(OH)8","Li2Al4(Si2AlB)O10(OH)8","Li_2_Al_4_(Si_2_AlB)O_10_(OH)_8_","Li_2_Al_4_(Si_2_AlB)O_10_(OH)_8_","Li Al Si B O H"," "," ",2987,"Clay, Serpentine","triclinic","C1","Li Al Si B O H","Mnd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Mandarinoite","Mandarinoite","Fe3+2(Se4+O3)3·6H2O","Fe3+2(Se4+O3)3·6H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_·6H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_·6H_2_O","Fe Se O H","IMA1977-049"," ",2989,"Mandarinoite","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^3+ Se^4+ O H","Mda","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Maneckiite","Maneckiite","(Na☐)Ca2Fe2+2(Fe3+Mg)Mn2+2(PO4)6·2H2O","(Na☐)Ca2Fe2+2(Fe3+Mg)Mn2(PO4)6·2H2O","(Na[box])Ca_2_Fe^2+^_2_(Fe^3+^Mg)Mn_2_(PO_4_)_6_·2H_2_O","(Na[box])Ca_2_Fe^2+^_2_(Fe^3+^Mg)Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_6_·2H_2_O","Na Ca Fe Mg Mn P O H","IMA2015-056"," ",6456,"Wicksite","orthorhombic","Pcab","Na Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Mg Mn^2+ P O H","Mnc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Manganarsite","Manganarsite","Mn2+3As3+2O4(OH)4","Mn2+3As3+2O4(OH)4","Mn^2+^_3_As^3+^_2_O_4_(OH)_4_","Mn^2+^_3_As^3+^_2_O_4_(OH)_4_","Mn As O H","IMA1985-037"," ",2991," ","hexagonal",,"Mn^2+ As^3+ O H","Mna","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Manganbabingtonite","Manganbabingtonite","Ca2Mn2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)","Ca2Mn2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)","Ca_2_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^Si_5_O_14_(OH)","Ca_2_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^Si_5_O_14_(OH)","Ca Mn Fe Si O H","IMA1971 s.p."," ",2993,"Rhodonite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Mbab","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Manganbelyankinite","Manganbelyankinite","Mn2+(Ti4+,Nb5+)5O12·9H2O","Mn2+(Ti,Nb)5O12·9H2O","Mn^2+^(Ti,Nb)_5_O_12_·9H_2_O","Mn^2+^(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_5_O_12_·9H_2_O","Mn Ti Nb O H"," "," ",2994," ",,,"Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O H","Mbyn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Manganberzeliite","Manganberzeliite","NaCa2Mn2+2(As5+O4)3","(NaCa2)Mn2+2(AsO4)3","(NaCa_2_)Mn^2+^_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","NaCa_2_Mn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Mn As O"," "," ",2995,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Na Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O","Mbzl","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Manganflurlite","Manganflurlite","Zn2+Mn2+3Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)2(H2O)7·2H2O","ZnMn2+3Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)2(H2O)7·2H2O","ZnMn^2+^_3_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_7_·2H_2_O","Zn^2+^Mn^2+^_3_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_7_·2H_2_O","Zn Mn Fe P O H","IMA2017-076"," ",6707,"Flurlite","monoclinic","P21/m","Zn^2+ Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Mflu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Mangangordonite","Mangangordonite","Mn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Al P O H","IMA1989-023"," ",2998,"Laueite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Al P O H","Mgdo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Manganhumite","Manganhumite","Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2","Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2","Mn^2+^_7_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^_7_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_","Mn Si O H","IMA1969-021"," ",2999,"Humite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Mn^2+ Si O H","Mnhu","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Manganiakasakaite-(La)","Manganiakasakaite-(La)","CaLa3+Mn3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaLa(Mn3+AlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaLa(Mn^3+^AlMn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","CaLa^3+^Mn^3+^AlMn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca La Mn Al Si O H","IMA2017-028"," ",6667,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca La^3+ Mn^3+ Al Mn^2+ Si O H","Mnak-La","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Manganiandrosite-(Ce)","Manganiandrosite-(Ce)","Mn2+Ce3+AlMn3+Mn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","MnCe(Mn3+AlMn2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","MnCe(Mn^3+^AlMn^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","Mn^2+^Ce^3+^AlMn^3+^Mn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Mn Ce Al Si O H","IMA2002-049"," ",5202,"Allanite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Mn^2+ Ce^3+ Al Mn^3+ Si O H","Mna-Ce","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Manganiandrosite-(La)","Manganiandrosite-(La)","Mn2+La3+AlMn3+Mn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","MnLa(Mn3+AlMn2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","MnLa(Mn^3+^AlMn^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","Mn^2+^La^3+^AlMn^3+^Mn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Mn La Al Si O H","IMA1994-048"," ",887,"Allanite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Mn^2+ La^3+ Al Mn^3+ Si O H","Mna-La","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Manganiceladonite","Manganiceladonite","KMgMn3+Si4O10(OH)2","KMgMn3+Si4O10(OH)2","KMgMn^3+^Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","KMgMn^3+^Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","K Mg Mn Si O H","IMA2015-052"," ",6452,"Clay, Mica","monoclinic","C2","K Mg Mn^3+ Si O H","Mcel","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Mangani-dellaventuraite","Mangani-dellaventuraite","NaNa2(MgMn3+2LiTi4+)Si8O22O2","NaNa2(MgMn3+2Ti4+Li)Si8O22O2","NaNa_2_(MgMn^3+^_2_Ti^4+^Li)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","NaNa_2_(MgMn^3+^_2_LiTi^4+^)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","Na Mg Mn Ti Li Si O","IMA2003-061, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5259,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Mn^3+ Li Ti^4+ Si O","Mdv","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Mangani-eckermannite","Mangani-eckermannite","NaNa2(Mg4Mn3+)Si8O22(OH)2","NaNa2(Mg4Mn3+)Si8O22(OH)2","NaNa_2_(Mg_4_Mn^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","NaNa_2_(Mg_4_Mn^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Mg Mn Si O H","IMA2023-004"," ",7360,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Mn^3+ Si O H","Meck",,"No" +"Manganilvaite","Manganilvaite","CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH)","CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH)","CaFe^2+^Fe^3+^Mn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)O(OH)","CaFe^2+^Fe^3+^Mn^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)O(OH)","Ca Fe Mn Si O H","IMA2002-016"," ",5193,"Ilvaite","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Mn^2+ Si O H","Mlv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Mangani-obertiite","Mangani-obertiite","NaNa2(Mg3Mn3+Ti4+)Si8O22O2","NaNa2(Mg3Mn3+Ti4+)Si8O22O2","NaNa_2_(Mg_3_Mn^3+^Ti^4+^)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","NaNa_2_(Mg_3_Mn^3+^Ti^4+^)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","Na Mg Mn Ti Si O","IMA1998-046, IMA2012 s.p."," ",3400,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Mn^3+ Ti^4+ Si O","Mob","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Mangani-pargasite","Mangani-pargasite","NaCa2(Mg4Mn3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","NaCa2(Mg4Mn3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Mn^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Mn^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Mn Si Al O H","IMA2018-151"," ",6874,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Mn^3+ Si Al O H","Mprg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Manganite","Manganite","Mn3+O(OH)","Mn3+O(OH)","Mn^3+^O(OH)","Mn^3+^O(OH)","Mn O H"," "," ",3000,"Rutile","monoclinic, orthorhombic","B21/d, P21/c, Pnnm","Mn^3+ O H","Mnn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Manganlotharmeyerite","Manganlotharmeyerite","CaMn3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2","CaMn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2","CaMn^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","CaMn^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Ca Mn As O H","IMA2001-026"," ",3001,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mn^3+ As^5+ O H","Mlmy","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Manganoarrojadite-(KNa)","Manganoarrojadite-(KNa)","KNa5Mn2+Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","KNa5MnFe13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","KNa_5_MnFe_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","KNa_5_Mn^2+^Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","K Na Mn Fe Al P O H","IMA2020-003"," ",7021,"Arrojadite","monoclinic","Cc","K Na Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Al P O H","Majd-KNa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Manganobadalovite","Manganobadalovite","NaNaMn2+(MgFe3+)(As5+O4)3","NaNaMn(MgFe3+)(AsO4)3","NaNaMn(MgFe^3+^)(AsO_4_)_3_","NaNaMn^2+^(MgFe^3+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Mn Mg Fe As O","IMA2020-035"," ",7047,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mn^2+ Mg Fe^3+ As^5+ O","Mbdl","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Manganoblödite","Manganoblodite","Na2Mn2+(S6+O4)2·4H2O","Na2Mn(SO4)2·4H2O","Na_2_Mn(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na_2_Mn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Mn S O H","IMA2012-029"," ",6086,"Blödite","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Mn^2+ S^6+ O H","Mblö","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Manganochromite","Manganochromite","Mn2+Cr3+2O4","Mn2+Cr2O4","Mn^2+^Cr_2_O_4_","Mn^2+^Cr^3+^_2_O_4_","Mn Cr O","IMA1975-020"," ",3002,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Mn^2+ Cr^3+ O","Mnchr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Manganoeudialyte","Manganoeudialyte","Na14Ca6Mn2+3Zr4+3[Si26O72(OH)2](H2O,Cl,O,OH)6","Na14Ca6Mn3Zr3[Si26O72(OH)2](H2O,Cl,O,OH)6","Na_14_Ca_6_Mn_3_Zr_3_[Si_26_O_72_(OH)_2_](H_2_O,Cl,O,OH)_6_","Na_14_Ca_6_Mn^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_[Si_26_O_72_(OH)_2_](H_2_O,Cl,O,OH)_6_","Na Ca Mn Zr Si O H Cl","IMA2009-039"," ",5766,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ca Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Si O H Cl","Meud","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Mangano-ferri-eckermannite","Mangano-ferri-eckermannite","NaNa2(Mn2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2","NaNa2(Mn2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2","NaNa_2_(Mn^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","NaNa_2_(Mn^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Mn Fe Si O H","IMA1968-028, IMA2012 s.p."," ",2710,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Mfeck","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Manganohatertite","Manganohatertite","NaNaCa(Mn2+Fe3+)(As5+O4)3","NaNaCa(MnFe3+)(AsO4)3","NaNaCa(MnFe^3+^)(AsO_4_)_3_","NaNaCa(Mn^2+^Fe^3+^)(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Mn Fe As O","IMA2023-098"," ",7440,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O","Mnhtt",,"No" +"Manganohörnesite","Manganohornesite","Mn2+3(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Mn2+3(AsO4)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn As O H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",2996,"Vivianite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Mhns","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Manganokaskasite","Manganokaskasite","(Mo,Nb5+)S2·(Mn2+1-xAlx)(OH)2+x","(Mo,Nb)S2·(Mn1-xAlx)(OH)2+x","(Mo,Nb)S_2_·(Mn_1-x_Al_x_)(OH)_2+x_","(Mo,Nb^5+^)S_2_·(Mn^2+^_1-x_Al_x_)(OH)_2+x_","Mo Nb S Mn Al O H","IMA2013-026"," ",6187,"Valleriite","hexagonal",,"Mo Nb^5+ S Mn^2+ Al O H","Mkks","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Manganokhomyakovite","Manganokhomyakovite","Na12Ca6Sr3Mn2+3W6+Zr4+3(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2","Na12Sr3Ca6Mn3Zr3W(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2","Na_12_Sr_3_Ca_6_Mn_3_Zr_3_W(Si_25_O_73_)(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_(Cl,OH)_2_","Na_12_Ca_6_Sr_3_Mn^2+^_3_W^6+^Zr^4+^_3_(Si_25_O_73_)(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_(Cl,OH)_2_","Na Sr Ca Mn Zr W Si O H Cl","IMA1998-043"," ",3006,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ca Sr Mn^2+ W^6+ Zr^4+ Si O H Cl","Mkmy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Manganokukisvumite","Manganokukisvumite","Na6Mn2+Ti4+4Si8O28·4H2O","Na6MnTi4Si8O28·4H2O","Na_6_MnTi_4_Si_8_O_28_·4H_2_O","Na_6_Mn^2+^Ti^4+^_4_Si_8_O_28_·4H_2_O","Na Mn Ti Si O H","IMA2002-029"," ",3007," ","orthorhombic","Pccn","Na Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Mkki","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Manganolangbeinite","Manganolangbeinite","K2Mn2+2(S6+O4)3","K2Mn2+2(SO4)3","K_2_Mn^2+^_2_(SO_4_)_3_","K_2_Mn^2+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","K Mn S O"," "," ",3008,"Langbeinite","cubic","P213","K Mn^2+ S^6+ O","Mlgb","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Mangano-mangani-ungarettiite","Mangano-mangani-ungarettiite","NaNa2(Mn2+2Mn3+3)Si8O22O2","NaNa2(Mn2+2Mn3+3)Si8O22O2","NaNa_2_(Mn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^_3_)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","NaNa_2_(Mn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^_3_)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","Na Mn Si O","IMA1994-004, IMA2012 s.p."," ",4521,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Si O","Mmu","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Manganonaujakasite","Manganonaujakasite","Na6Mn2+Al4Si8O26","Na6Mn2+Al4Si8O26","Na_6_Mn^2+^Al_4_Si_8_O_26_","Na_6_Mn^2+^Al_4_Si_8_O_26_","Na Mn Al Si O","IMA1999-031"," ",3009," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mn^2+ Al Si O","Mnj","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Manganoneptunite","Manganoneptunite","KNa2LiMn2+2Ti4+2Si8O24","KNa2LiMn2+2Ti2Si8O24","KNa_2_LiMn^2+^_2_Ti_2_Si_8_O_24_","KNa_2_LiMn^2+^_2_Ti^4+^_2_Si_8_O_24_","K Na Li Mn Ti Si O","IMA2007 s.p."," ",2990,"Neptunite","monoclinic","Cc, C2/c","K Na Li Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O","Mnnpt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Manganonewberyite","Manganonewberyite","Mn2+(PO3OH)(H2O)3","Mn(PO3OH)(H2O)3","Mn(PO_3_OH)(H_2_O)_3_","Mn^2+^(PO_3_OH)(H_2_O)_3_","Mn P O H","IMA2024-004"," ",7487,"Newberyite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Mn^2+ P O H","Mnew",,"No" +"Manganonordite-(Ce)","Manganonordite-(Ce)","Na3SrCe3+Mn2+Si6O17","Na3SrCeMn2+Si6O17","Na_3_SrCeMn^2+^Si_6_O_17_","Na_3_SrCe^3+^Mn^2+^Si_6_O_17_","Na Sr Ce Mn Si O","IMA1997-007"," ",3010,"Nordite","orthorhombic","Pcca","Na Sr Ce^3+ Mn^2+ Si O","Mnor-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Manganoquadratite","Manganoquadratite","Ag1+Mn2+As3+S2-3","AgMnAsS3","AgMnAsS_3_","Ag^1+^Mn^2+^As^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag Mn As S","IMA2011-008"," ",5938,"Quadratite","tetragonal","P4322","Ag^1+ Mn^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Mqd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Manganoschafarzikite","Manganoschafarzikite","Mn2+Sb3+2O4","MnSb2O4","MnSb_2_O_4_","Mn^2+^Sb^3+^_2_O_4_","Mn Sb O","IMA2022-129"," ",7343,"Minium","tetragonal","P42/mbc","Mn^2+ Sb^3+ O","Msfz",,"No" +"Manganosegelerite","Manganosegelerite","Mn2+2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)·4H2O","Mn2+2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)·4H2O","Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","Mn Fe P O H","IMA1984-055"," ",3011,"Overite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Msgl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Manganosite","Manganosite","Mn2+O","MnO","MnO","Mn^2+^O","Mn O"," "," ",3012,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Mn^2+ O","Mng","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Manganostibite","Manganostibite","Mn2+7Sb5+As5+O12","Mn2+7Sb5+As5+O12","Mn^2+^_7_Sb^5+^As^5+^O_12_","Mn^2+^_7_Sb^5+^As^5+^O_12_","Mn Sb As O"," "," ",3013,"Manganostibite","orthorhombic","Ibmm","Mn^2+ Sb^5+ As^5+ O","Mnsb","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Manganotychite","Manganotychite","Na6Mn2+2(CO3)4(S6+O4)","Na6Mn2+2(CO3)4(SO4)","Na_6_Mn^2+^_2_(CO_3_)_4_(SO_4_)","Na_6_Mn^2+^_2_(CO_3_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)","Na Mn C O S","IMA1989-039"," ",3016,"Northupite","cubic","Fd3","Na Mn^2+ C O S^6+","Mtyc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Manganrockbridgeite","Manganrockbridgeite","Mn2+2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)","Mn2+2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)","Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)","Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)","Mn Fe P O H","IMA2022-122"," ",7330,"Rockbridgeite","monoclinic","P21/m","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Mrkb",,"No" +"Manganvesuvianite","Manganvesuvianite","Ca19Mn3+Al10Mg2(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4O(OH)9","Ca19Mn3+Al10Mg2(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4O(OH)9","Ca_19_Mn^3+^Al_10_Mg_2_(SiO_4_)_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_O(OH)_9_","Ca_19_Mn^3+^Al_10_Mg_2_(SiO_4_)_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_O(OH)_9_","Ca Mn Al Mg Si O H","IMA2000-040"," ",3018,"Vesuvianite","tetragonal","P4/n","Ca Mn^3+ Al Mg Si O H","Mnves","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Mangazeite","Mangazeite","Al2S6+O4(OH)4·3H2O","Al2(SO4)(OH)4·3H2O","Al_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Al_2_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Al S O H","IMA2005-021a"," ",5413," ","triclinic",,"Al S^6+ O H","Mgz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Manitobaite","Manitobaite","Na16Mn2+25Al8(PO4)30","Na16Mn2+25Al8(PO4)30","Na_16_Mn^2+^_25_Al_8_(PO_4_)_30_","Na_16_Mn^2+^_25_Al_8_(PO_4_)_30_","Na Mn Al P O","IMA2008-064"," ",5724,"Alluaudite-Manitobaite","monoclinic","Pc","Na Mn^2+ Al P O","Mtb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Manjiroite","Manjiroite","Na(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16","Na(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16","Na(Mn^4+^_7_Mn^3+^)O_16_","Na(Mn^4+^_7_Mn^3+^)O_16_","Na Mn O","IMA1966-009"," ",5056,"Coronadite","tetragonal","I4/m","Na Mn^4+ Mn^3+ O","Mji","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mannardite","Mannardite","Ba(Ti4+6V3+2)O16","Ba(Ti6V3+2)O16","Ba(Ti_6_V^3+^_2_)O_16_","Ba(Ti^4+^_6_V^3+^_2_)O_16_","Ba Ti V O","IMA1983-013"," ",3019,"Coronadite","tetragonal","I41/a, I4/m, P4/m","Ba Ti^4+ V^3+ O","Man","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Mansfieldite","Mansfieldite","AlAs5+O4·2H2O","Al(AsO4)·2H2O","Al(AsO_4_)·2H_2_O","AlAs^5+^O_4_·2H_2_O","Al As O H"," "," ",3020," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Al As^5+ O H","Mfd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Mantienneite","Mantienneite","(H2O)2Mg2(Al2Ti4+)(PO4)4(OH)2(H2O)10·4H2O","(H2O)2Mg2(Al2Ti)(PO4)4(OH)2(H2O)10·4H2O","(H_2_O)_2_Mg_2_(Al_2_Ti)(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","(H_2_O)_2_Mg_2_(Al_2_Ti^4+^)(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","H O Mg Al Ti P","IMA1983-048"," ",3021,"Paulkerrite","orthorhombic","Pbca","H O Mg Al Ti^4+ P","Mtin","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Manuelarossiite","Manuelarossiite","Pb2+CaAlF7","PbCaAlF7","PbCaAlF_7_","Pb^2+^CaAlF_7_","Pb Ca Al F","IMA2022-097"," ",7322,"Aravaipaite","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Ca Al F","Mnrs",,"No" +"Maohokite","Maohokite","MgFe3+2O4","MgFe2O4","MgFe_2_O_4_","MgFe^3+^_2_O_4_","Mg Fe O","IMA2017-047"," ",6690,"Spinel-Post-spinel","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mg Fe^3+ O","Mhk","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals","No" +"Maoniupingite-(Ce)","Maoniupingite-(Ce)","(Ce3+,Ca)4(Fe3+,Ti4+,Fe2+,☐)(Ti4+,Fe3+,Fe2+,Nb5+)4Si4O22","(Ce,Ca)4(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,☐)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Nb)4Si4O22","(Ce,Ca)_4_(Fe^3+^,Ti,Fe^2+^,[box])(Ti,Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Nb)_4_Si_4_O_22_","(Ce^3+^,Ca)_4_(Fe^3+^,Ti^4+^,Fe^2+^,[box])(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^,Nb^5+^)_4_Si_4_O_22_","Ce Ca Fe Ti Nb Si O","IMA2003-017"," ",5231,"Chevkinite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ce^3+ Ca Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Fe^2+ Nb^5+ Si O","Mao-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mapimite","Mapimite","Zn2+2Fe3+3(As5+O4)3(OH)4·10H2O","Zn2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4·10H2O","Zn_2_Fe^3+^_3_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·10H_2_O","Zn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·10H_2_O","Zn Fe As O H","IMA1978-070"," ",3022," ","monoclinic","Cm","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Mpm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mapiquiroite","Mapiquiroite","(Sr,Pb2+)(U4+,Y)Fe3+2(Ti4+,Fe3+)18O38","(Sr,Pb)(U,Y)Fe2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38","(Sr,Pb)(U,Y)Fe_2_(Ti,Fe^3+^)_18_O_38_","(Sr,Pb^2+^)(U^4+^,Y)Fe^3+^_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_18_O_38_","Sr Pb U Y Fe Ti O","IMA2013-010"," ",6173,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Sr Pb^2+ U^4+ Y Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O","Mpq","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Marathonite","Marathonite","Pd25Ge9","Pd25Ge9","Pd_25_Ge_9_","Pd_25_Ge_9_","Pd Ge","IMA2016-080"," ",6606,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P3","Pd Ge","Mth","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Marcasite","Marcasite","FeS2","FeS2","FeS_2_","FeS_2_","Fe S"," "," ",3023,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pmnn, Pnnm","Fe S","Mrc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Marchettiite","Marchettiite","C5H7N5O3","C5H7N5O3","C_5_H_7_N_5_O_3_","C_5_H_7_N_5_O_3_","C H N O","IMA2017-066"," ",6700," ","triclinic","P1","C H N O","Mht","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Marcobaldiite","Marcobaldiite","Pb2+12(Sb3+3As3+2Bi3+)S2-21","Pb12(Sb3As2Bi)Σ6S21","Pb_12_(Sb_3_As_2_Bi)_Σ6_S_21_","Pb^2+^_12_(Sb^3+^_3_As^3+^_2_Bi^3+^)S^2-^_21_","Pb Sb As Bi S","IMA2015-109"," ",6508,"Geocronite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Mcb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Marécottite","Marecottite","Mg3O6(U6+O2)8(S6+O4)4(OH)2·28H2O","Mg3O6(UO2)8(SO4)4(OH)2·28H2O","Mg_3_O_6_(UO_2_)_8_(SO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·28H_2_O","Mg_3_O_6_(U^6+^O_2_)_8_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·28H_2_O","Mg O U S H","IMA2001-056"," ",3024," ","triclinic","P1","Mg O U^6+ S^6+ H","Mco","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Margaritasite","Margaritasite","Cs2(U6+O2)2(V5+O4)2·H2O","Cs2(UO2)2(VO4)2·H2O","Cs_2_(UO_2_)_2_(VO_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Cs_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Cs U O V H","IMA1980-093"," ",3025,"Sengierite","monoclinic","P21/a","Cs U^6+ O V^5+ H","Mgt","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration","No" +"Margarite","Margarite","CaAl2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","CaAl2Si2Al2O10(OH)2","CaAl_2_Si_2_Al_2_O_10_(OH)_2_","CaAl_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","Ca Al Si O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",3026,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic","Cc","Ca Al Si O H","Mrg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Margarosanite","Margarosanite","Ca2Pb2+Si3O9","Ca2PbSi3O9","Ca_2_PbSi_3_O_9_","Ca_2_Pb^2+^Si_3_O_9_","Ca Pb Si O"," "," ",3027,"Margarosanite","triclinic","P1","Ca Pb^2+ Si O","Mga","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Mariakrite","Mariakrite","[Ca4Al2(OH)12(H2O)4][Fe3+2S2-4]","[Ca4Al2(OH)12(H2O)4][Fe2S4]","[Ca_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(H_2_O)_4_][Fe_2_S_4_]","[Ca_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(H_2_O)_4_][Fe^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_]","Ca Al O H Fe S","IMA2021-097"," ",7200,"Hydrotalcite","triclinic","P1","Ca Al O H Fe^3+ S^2-","Mari","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Marialite","Marialite","Na4Al3Si9O24Cl","Na4Al3Si9O24Cl","Na_4_Al_3_Si_9_O_24_Cl","Na_4_Al_3_Si_9_O_24_Cl","Na Al Si O Cl"," "," ",3028,"Scapolite","tetragonal","I4/m, P42/n","Na Al Si O Cl","Mar","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Marićite","Maricite","NaFe2+PO4","NaFe2+(PO4)","NaFe^2+^(PO_4_)","NaFe^2+^PO_4_","Na Fe P O","IMA1976-024"," ",3029," ","orthorhombic","Pmnb","Na Fe^2+ P O","Mrć","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation","No" +"Maricopaite","Maricopaite","Ca2Pb2+7(Si36Al12)O99·n(H2O,OH)","Ca2Pb7(Si36Al12)O99·n(H2O,OH)","Ca_2_Pb_7_(Si_36_Al_12_)O_99_·n(H_2_O,OH)","Ca_2_Pb^2+^_7_(Si_36_Al_12_)O_99_·n(H_2_O,OH)","Ca Pb Si Al O H","IMA1985-036"," ",3030,"Mordenite","orthorhombic","Cm2m","Ca Pb^2+ Si Al O H","Mrp","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mariinskite","Mariinskite","Cr3+2BeO4","BeCr2O4","BeCr_2_O_4_","Cr^3+^_2_BeO_4_","Be Cr O","IMA2011-057"," ",6001,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pnma, P212121","Cr^3+ Be O","Mii","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Marinaite","Marinaite","Cu2+2Fe3+O2(BO3)","Cu2Fe3+O2(BO3)","Cu_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Cu^2+^_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Cu Fe O B","IMA2016-021"," ",6549,"Ludwigite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ O B","Mr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Marinellite","Marinellite","Na42Ca6Al36Si36O144(S6+O4)8Cl2·6H2O","Na42Ca6Al36Si36O144(SO4)8Cl2·6H2O","Na_42_Ca_6_Al_36_Si_36_O_144_(SO_4_)_8_Cl_2_·6H_2_O","Na_42_Ca_6_Al_36_Si_36_O_144_(S^6+^O_4_)_8_Cl_2_·6H_2_O","Na Ca Al Si O S Cl H","IMA2002-021"," ",5057,"Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P31c","Na Ca Al Si O S^6+ Cl H","Mrn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Marioantofilliite","Marioantofilliite","[Cu2+4Al2(OH)12](CO3)·3H2O","[Cu4Al2(OH)12](CO3)·3H2O","[Cu_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_](CO_3_)·3H_2_O","[Cu^2+^_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_](CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Cu Al O H C","IMA2025-012"," ",7576,"Hydrotalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^2+ Al O H C","Maf",,"No" +"Markascherite","Markascherite","Cu2+3Mo6+O4(OH)4","Cu3(MoO4)(OH)4","Cu_3_(MoO_4_)(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^_3_Mo^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_","Cu Mo O H","IMA2010-051"," ",5843,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/m","Cu^2+ Mo^6+ O H","Mac","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Markcooperite","Markcooperite","Pb2+2(U6+O2)Te6+O6","Pb2(UO2)TeO6","Pb_2_(UO_2_)TeO_6_","Pb^2+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)Te^6+^O_6_","Pb U O Te","IMA2009-045"," ",5774," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ U^6+ O Te^6+","Mcp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Markeyite","Markeyite","Ca9(U6+O2)4(CO3)13·28H2O","Ca9(UO2)4(CO3)13·28H2O","Ca_9_(UO_2_)_4_(CO_3_)_13_·28H_2_O","Ca_9_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(CO_3_)_13_·28H_2_O","Ca U O C H","IMA2016-090"," ",6616,"Markeyite","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Ca U^6+ O C H","Mk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Markhininite","Markhininite","Tl1+Bi3+(S6+O4)2","TlBi(SO4)2","TlBi(SO_4_)_2_","Tl^1+^Bi^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Tl Bi S O","IMA2012-040"," ",6101," ","triclinic","P1","Tl^1+ Bi^3+ S^6+ O","Mkh","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Marklite","Marklite","Cu2+5(CO3)2(OH)6·6H2O","Cu5(CO3)2(OH)6·6H2O","Cu_5_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Cu^2+^_5_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Cu C O H","IMA2015-101"," ",6498,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ C O H","Mkl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Markwelchite","Markwelchite","Tl1+Pb2+Sb3+S2-3","TlPbSbS3","TlPbSbS_3_","Tl^1+^Pb^2+^Sb^3+^S^2-^_3_","Tl Pb Sb S","IMA2024-001"," ",7482,"Richardsollyite","monoclinic","P21/c","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Mrw",,"No" +"Marokite","Marokite","CaMn3+2O4","CaMn3+2O4","CaMn^3+^_2_O_4_","CaMn^3+^_2_O_4_","Ca Mn O","IMA1963-005"," ",3031,"Spinel-Post-spinel","orthorhombic","Pbcm","Ca Mn^3+ O","Mro","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Marrite","Marrite","Ag1+Pb2+As3+S2-3","AgPbAsS3","AgPbAsS_3_","Ag^1+^Pb^2+^As^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag Pb As S"," "," ",3032," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Mrr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Marrucciite","Marrucciite","Hg2+3Pb2+16Sb3+18S2-46","Hg3Pb16Sb18S46","Hg_3_Pb_16_Sb_18_S_46_","Hg^2+^_3_Pb^2+^_16_Sb^3+^_18_S^2-^_46_","Hg Pb Sb S","IMA2006-015"," ",5554," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Hg^2+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Mru","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Marsaalamite-(Y)","Marsaalamite-(Y)","Y(Mo6+O4)(OH)","Y(MoO4)(OH)","Y(MoO_4_)(OH)","Y(Mo^6+^O_4_)(OH)","Y Mo O H","IMA2024-050"," ",7503," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Y Mo^6+ O H","Maa-Y",,"No" +"Marshite","Marshite","Cu1+I1-","CuI","CuI","Cu^1+^I^1-^","Cu I"," "," ",3033,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","Cu^1+ I^1-","Msh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Marsturite","Marsturite","NaCaMn2+3Si5O14(OH)","NaCaMn2+3Si5O14(OH)","NaCaMn^2+^_3_Si_5_O_14_(OH)","NaCaMn^2+^_3_Si_5_O_14_(OH)","Na Ca Mn Si O H","IMA1977-047"," ",3034,"Rhodonite","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Mn^2+ Si O H","Msr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Marthozite","Marthozite","Cu2+(U6+O2)3(Se4+O3)2O2·8H2O","Cu2+(UO2)3(Se4+O3)2O2·8H2O","Cu^2+^(UO_2_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_O_2_·8H_2_O","Cu^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_O_2_·8H_2_O","Cu U O Se H","IMA1968-016"," ",3035,"Guilleminite","orthorhombic","Pbn21","Cu^2+ U^6+ O Se^4+ H","Mhz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Martinandresite","Martinandresite","Ba2(Al4Si12O32)·10H2O","Ba2(Al4Si12O32)·10H2O","Ba_2_(Al_4_Si_12_O_32_)·10H_2_O","Ba_2_(Al_4_Si_12_O_32_)·10H_2_O","Ba Al Si O H","IMA2017-038"," ",6675,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Ba Al Si O H","Mad","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Martinite","Martinite","(Na,☐,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S6+,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2·4H2O","(Na,☐,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2·4H2O","(Na,[box],Ca)_12_Ca_4_(Si,S,B)_14_B_2_O_38_(OH,Cl)_2_F_2_·4H_2_O","(Na,[box],Ca)_12_Ca_4_(Si,S^6+^,B)_14_B_2_O_38_(OH,Cl)_2_F_2_·4H_2_O","Na Ca Si S B O H Cl F","IMA2001-059"," ",3036,"Gyrolite","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Si S^6+ B O H Cl F","Mrt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Martyite","Martyite","Zn2+3V5+2O7(OH)2·2H2O","Zn3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O","Zn_3_V_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Zn^2+^_3_V^5+^_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Zn V O H","IMA2007-026"," ",5628,"Volborthite","hexagonal","P3m1","Zn^2+ V^5+ O H","Myi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Marumoite","Marumoite","Pb2+8As3+10S2-23","Pb32As40S92","Pb_32_As_40_S_92_","Pb^2+^_8_As^3+^_10_S^2-^_23_","Pb As S","IMA1998-004"," ",3037," ","monoclinic","P21","Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Mrm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Maruyamaite","Maruyamaite","K(MgAl2)(Al5Mg)(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH)3O","K(MgAl2)(Al5Mg)(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH)3O","K(MgAl_2_)(Al_5_Mg)(BO_3_)_3_(Si_6_O_18_)(OH)_3_O","K(MgAl_2_)(Al_5_Mg)(BO_3_)_3_(Si_6_O_18_)(OH)_3_O","K Mg Al B O Si H","IMA2013-123"," ",6283,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","K Mg Al B O Si H","Mry","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Masaitisite","Masaitisite","KCu2+5O2(Se4+O3)2Cl3","KCu5O2(SeO3)2Cl3","KCu_5_O_2_(SeO_3_)_2_Cl_3_","KCu^2+^_5_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_Cl_3_","K Cu O Se Cl","IMA2023-021"," ",7376,"Ilinskite","orthorhombic","Pnma","K Cu^2+ O Se^4+ Cl","Msts",,"No" +"Mascagnite","Mascagnite","(N3-H4)2S6+O4","(NH4)2(SO4)","(NH_4_)_2_(SO_4_)","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_S^6+^O_4_","N H S O"," "," ",3038,"Arcanite","orthorhombic","Pnam","N^3- H S^6+ O","Msc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Maslovite","Maslovite","PtBiTe","PtBiTe","PtBiTe","PtBiTe","Pt Bi Te","IMA1978-002"," ",3039,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Pt Bi Te","Mlo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Massicot","Massicot","Pb2+O","PbO","PbO","Pb^2+^O","Pb O"," "," ",3040," ","orthorhombic","Pbcm","Pb^2+ O","Msi","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Masutomilite","Masutomilite","KLiAlMn2+(Si3Al)O10(F,OH)2","KLiAlMn2+(Si3Al)O10(F,OH)2","KLiAlMn^2+^(Si_3_Al)O_10_(F,OH)_2_","KLiAlMn^2+^(Si_3_Al)O_10_(F,OH)_2_","K Li Al Mn Si O F H","IMA1974-046"," ",3041,"Mica","monoclinic","C2","K Li Al Mn^2+ Si O F H","Msu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Masuyite","Masuyite","Pb2+(U6+O2)3O3(OH)2·3H2O","Pb(UO2)3O3(OH)2·3H2O","Pb(UO_2_)_3_O_3_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Pb^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_3_O_3_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Pb U O H"," "," ",3042," ","monoclinic","Pn","Pb^2+ U^6+ O H","Msy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mathesiusite","Mathesiusite","K5(U6+O2)4(S6+O4)4(V5+O5)·4H2O","K5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5)(H2O)4","K_5_(UO_2_)_4_(SO_4_)_4_(VO_5_)(H_2_O)_4_","K_5_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(V^5+^O_5_)·4H_2_O","K U O S V H","IMA2013-046"," ",6210,"Mathesiusite","tetragonal","P4/n","K U^6+ O S^6+ V^5+ H","Mhe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Mathewrogersite","Mathewrogersite","Pb2+7Fe2+Al3GeSi12O36(OH,H2O)6","Pb7FeAl3GeSi12O36(OH,H2O)6","Pb_7_FeAl_3_GeSi_12_O_36_(OH,H_2_O)_6_","Pb^2+^_7_Fe^2+^Al_3_GeSi_12_O_36_(OH,H_2_O)_6_","Pb Fe Al Ge Si O H","IMA1984-042"," ",3043," ","hexagonal",,"Pb^2+ Fe^2+ Al Ge Si O H","Mwg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mathiasite","Mathiasite","(K,Ba,Sr)(Zr4+,Fe3+)(Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti4+,Cr3+,Fe3+)18O38","(K,Ba,Sr)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38","(K,Ba,Sr)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)_2_(Ti,Cr,Fe)_18_O_38_","(K,Ba,Sr)(Zr^4+^,Fe^3+^)(Mg,Fe^3+^)_2_(Ti^4+^,Cr^3+^,Fe^3+^)_18_O_38_","K Ba Sr Zr Fe Mg Ti Cr O","IMA1982-087"," ",3044,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","K Ba Sr Zr^4+ Fe^3+ Mg Ti^4+ Cr^3+ O","Mts","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Matildite","Matildite","Ag1+Bi3+S2-2","AgBiS2","AgBiS_2_","Ag^1+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_2_","Ag Bi S","IMA1982 s.p."," ",3045," ","hexagonal",,"Ag^1+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Mtd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Matioliite","Matioliite","NaMgAl5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","NaMgAl5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","NaMgAl_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","NaMgAl_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Na Mg Al P O H","IMA2005-011"," ",5346,"Dufrénite",,,"Na Mg Al P O H","Mti","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Matlockite","Matlockite","Pb2+ClF","PbClF","PbClF","Pb^2+^ClF","Pb Cl F"," "," ",3046,"Matlockite","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Pb^2+ Cl F","Mtl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Matsubaraite","Matsubaraite","Sr4Ti4+5O8(Si2O7)2","Sr4Ti5O8(Si2O7)2","Sr_4_Ti_5_O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_","Sr_4_Ti^4+^_5_O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_","Sr Ti O Si","IMA2000-027"," ",3048,"Chevkinite","monoclinic","C2/m","Sr Ti^4+ O Si","Mbr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Mattagamite","Mattagamite","CoTe2","CoTe2","CoTe_2_","CoTe_2_","Co Te","IMA1972-003"," ",3049,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pmnn","Co Te","Mtg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Matteuccite","Matteuccite","NaHS6+O4·H2O","NaH(SO4)·H2O","NaH(SO_4_)·H_2_O","NaHS^6+^O_4_·H_2_O","Na H S O"," "," ",3050," ","monoclinic","Cc","Na H S^6+ O","Mtt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Mattheddleite","Mattheddleite","Pb2+5(SiO4)1.5(S6+O4)1.5Cl","Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5Cl","Pb_5_(SiO_4_)_1.5_(SO_4_)_1.5_Cl","Pb^2+^_5_(SiO_4_)_1.5_(S^6+^O_4_)_1.5_Cl","Pb Si O S Cl","IMA1985-019"," ",3051,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Pb^2+ Si O S^6+ Cl","Mhd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Matthiasweilite","Matthiasweilite","Pb2+Te4+O3","PbTe4+O3","PbTe^4+^O_3_","Pb^2+^Te^4+^O_3_","Pb Te O","IMA2021-069"," ",7176,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Te^4+ O","Mtw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Matulaite","Matulaite","Fe3+Al7(PO4)4(PO3OH)2(OH)8(H2O)8·8H2O","Fe3+Al7(PO4)4(PO3OH)2(OH)8(H2O)8·8H2O","Fe^3+^Al_7_(PO_4_)_4_(PO_3_OH)_2_(OH)_8_(H_2_O)_8_·8H_2_O","Fe^3+^Al_7_(PO_4_)_4_(PO_3_OH)_2_(OH)_8_(H_2_O)_8_·8H_2_O","Fe Al P O H","IMA1977-013"," ",3052," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Fe^3+ Al P O H","Mat","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Matyhite","Matyhite","Ca9(Ca0.5☐0.5)Fe2+(PO4)7","Ca9(Ca0.5☐0.5)Fe2+(PO4)7","Ca_9_(Ca_0.5_[box]_0.5_)Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_7_","Ca_9_(Ca_0.5_[box]_0.5_)Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_7_","Ca Fe P O","IMA2015-121"," ",6522,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ca Fe^2+ P O","Myh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Maucherite","Maucherite","Ni11As8","Ni11As8","Ni_11_As_8_","Ni_11_As_8_","Ni As"," "," ",3053," ","tetragonal, monoclinic","P41212, C2/c","Ni As","Muc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mauriziodiniite","Mauriziodiniite","(N3-H4)(As3+2O3)2I1-","(NH4)(As2O3)2I","(NH_4_)(As_2_O_3_)_2_I","(N^3-^H_4_)(As^3+^_2_O_3_)_2_I^1-^","N H As O I","IMA2019-036"," ",6924,"Lucabindiite","hexagonal","P6/mmm","N^3- H As^3+ O I^1-","Mzd","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Maurogemmiite","Maurogemmiite","Ti10Fe3O3","Ti10Fe3O3","Ti_10_Fe_3_O_3_","Ti_10_Fe_3_O_3_","Ti Fe O","IMA2022-098a"," ",7356,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ti Fe O","Mmi",,"No" +"Mavlyanovite","Mavlyanovite","Mn2+3Mn3+2Si4-3","Mn5Si3","Mn_5_Si_3_","Mn^2+^_3_Mn^3+^_2_Si^4-^_3_","Mn Si","IMA2008-026"," ",5685,"Xifengite","hexagonal","P63/mcm","Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Si^4-","Mav","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Mawbyite","Mawbyite","Pb2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2","PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2","PbFe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb Fe As O H","IMA1988-049"," ",3054,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Mby","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mawsonite","Mawsonite","Cu1+6Fe3+2Sn4+S2-8","Cu6Fe2SnS8","Cu_6_Fe_2_SnS_8_","Cu^1+^_6_Fe^3+^_2_Sn^4+^S^2-^_8_","Cu Fe Sn S","IMA1964-030"," ",3055," ","tetragonal","P4m2","Cu^1+ Fe^3+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Maw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Maxwellite","Maxwellite","NaFe3+As5+O4F","NaFe3+(AsO4)F","NaFe^3+^(AsO_4_)F","NaFe^3+^As^5+^O_4_F","Na Fe As O F","IMA1987-044"," ",3056,"Titanite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Fe^3+ As^5+ O F","Max","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Mayingite","Mayingite","IrBiTe","IrBiTe","IrBiTe","IrBiTe","Ir Bi Te","IMA1993-016"," ",3058,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Ir Bi Te","Myg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mazorite","Mazorite","Ba3(PO4)2","Ba3(PO4)2","Ba_3_(PO_4_)_2_","Ba_3_(PO_4_)_2_","Ba P O","IMA2022-022"," ",7250,"Palmierite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba P O","Mzo","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Mazzettiite","Mazzettiite","Ag1+3Hg2+Pb2+Sb3+Te2-5","Ag3HgPbSbTe5","Ag_3_HgPbSbTe_5_","Ag^1+^_3_Hg^2+^Pb^2+^Sb^3+^Te^2-^_5_","Ag Hg Pb Sb Te","IMA2004-003"," ",5266,"Petrovicite","orthorhombic",,"Ag^1+ Hg^2+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ Te^2-","Mzt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mazzite-Mg","Mazzite-Mg","Mg5(Si26Al10)O72·30H2O","Mg5(Si26Al10)O72·30H2O","Mg_5_(Si_26_Al_10_)O_72_·30H_2_O","Mg_5_(Si_26_Al_10_)O_72_·30H_2_O","Mg Si Al O H","IMA1973-045"," ",5415," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Mg Si Al O H","Maz-Mg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Mazzite-Na","Mazzite-Na","Na8(Si28Al8)O72·30H2O","Na8(Si28Al8)O72·30H2O","Na_8_(Si_28_Al_8_)O_72_·30H_2_O","Na_8_(Si_28_Al_8_)O_72_·30H_2_O","Na Si Al O H","IMA2003-058"," ",5297," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Na Si Al O H","Maz-Na","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Mbobomkulite","Mbobomkulite","(Ni2+,Cu2+)Al4(N5+O3,S6+O4)2(OH)12·3H2O","(Ni,Cu)Al4(NO3,SO4)2(OH)12·3H2O","(Ni,Cu)Al_4_(NO_3_,SO_4_)_2_(OH)_12_·3H_2_O","(Ni^2+^,Cu^2+^)Al_4_(N^5+^O_3_,S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_12_·3H_2_O","Ni Cu Al N O S H","IMA1979-078"," ",3060,"Chalcoalumite","monoclinic",,"Ni^2+ Cu^2+ Al N^5+ O S^6+ H","Mbb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Mcallisterite","Mcallisterite","Mg2[B6O7(OH)6]2·9H2O","Mg2[B6O7(OH)6]2·9H2O","Mg_2_[B_6_O_7_(OH)_6_]_2_·9H_2_O","Mg_2_[B_6_O_7_(OH)_6_]_2_·9H_2_O","Mg B O H","IMA1963-012"," ",3061," ","hexagonal","R3c","Mg B O H","Mcl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mcalpineite","Mcalpineite","Cu2+3Te6+O6","Cu3Te6+O6","Cu_3_Te^6+^O_6_","Cu^2+^_3_Te^6+^O_6_","Cu Te O","IMA1992-025"," ",3062," ","cubic, orthorhombic","Ia3, Pcca","Cu^2+ Te^6+ O","Map","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mcauslanite","Mcauslanite","Fe2+3Al2(PO4)3(PO3OH)F·18H2O","Fe2+3Al2(PO4)3(PO3OH)F·18H2O","Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(PO_3_OH)F·18H_2_O","Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(PO_3_OH)F·18H_2_O","Fe Al P O H F","IMA1986-051"," ",3063," ","triclinic",,"Fe^2+ Al P O H F","Mas","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mcbirneyite","Mcbirneyite","Cu2+3(V5+O4)2","Cu3(VO4)2","Cu_3_(VO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^_3_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_","Cu V O","IMA1985-007"," ",3064," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ V^5+ O","Mbn","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Mcconnellite","Mcconnellite","Cu1+Cr3+O2","Cu1+CrO2","Cu^1+^CrO_2_","Cu^1+^Cr^3+^O_2_","Cu Cr O","IMA1967-037"," ",3065," ","hexagonal","R3m","Cu^1+ Cr^3+ O","Mcn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Mccrillisite","Mccrillisite","NaCs(Be,Li)Zr4+2(PO4)4·1-2H2O","NaCs(Be,Li)Zr2(PO4)4·1-2H2O","NaCs(Be,Li)Zr_2_(PO_4_)_4_·1-2H_2_O","NaCs(Be,Li)Zr^4+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_·1-2H_2_O","Na Cs Be Li Zr P O H","IMA1991-023"," ",3066," ",,,"Na Cs Be Li Zr^4+ P O H","Mcr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Mcgillite","Mcgillite","Mn2+8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2","Mn2+8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2","Mn^2+^_8_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_8_Cl_2_","Mn^2+^_8_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_8_Cl_2_","Mn Si O H Cl","IMA1979-024"," ",3067,"Pyrosmalite, Clay","monoclinic",,"Mn^2+ Si O H Cl","Mcg","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Mcgovernite","Mcgovernite","Zn2+3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42(As3+O3)2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]8(OH)42","Zn3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42(As3+O3)2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]8(OH)42","Zn_3_(Mn^2+^,Mg,Fe^3+^,Al)_42_(As^3+^O_3_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_[(Si,As^5+^)O_4_]_8_(OH)_42_","Zn^2+^_3_(Mn^2+^,Mg,Fe^3+^,Al)_42_(As^3+^O_3_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_[(Si,As^5+^)O_4_]_8_(OH)_42_","Zn Mn Mg Fe Al As O Si H"," "," ",3068,"Hematolite","hexagonal","R32/c, R3c","Zn^2+ Mn^2+ Mg Fe^3+ Al As^3+ O As^5+ Si H","Mgv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mcguinnessite","Mcguinnessite","Cu2+MgCO3(OH)2","CuMg(CO3)(OH)2","CuMg(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^MgCO_3_(OH)_2_","Cu Mg C O H","IMA1977-027"," ",3069,"Malachite","monoclinic","P21/a","Cu^2+ Mg C O H","Mgu","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Mckelveyite-(Nd)","Mckelveyite-(Nd)","NaCaBa3Nd(CO3)6·3H2O","NaCaBa3Nd(CO3)6·3H2O","NaCaBa_3_Nd(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","NaCaBa_3_Nd(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na Ca Ba Nd C O H","IMA2023-017"," ",5416,"Mckelveyite","monoclinic","Cc","Na Ca Ba Nd C O H","Mkv-Nd",,"No" +"Mckelveyite-(Y)","Mckelveyite-(Y)","NaBa3CaY(CO3)6·3H2O","NaBa3CaY(CO3)6·3H2O","NaBa_3_CaY(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","NaBa_3_CaY(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na Ba Ca Y C O H","IMA1964-025"," ",3070,"Mckelveyite","monoclinic","Cc","Na Ba Ca Y C O H","Mkv-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Mckinstryite","Mckinstryite","Ag5Cu3S4","Ag5Cu3S4","Ag_5_Cu_3_S_4_","Ag_5_Cu_3_S_4_","Ag Cu S","IMA1966-012"," ",3071," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ag Cu S","Mck","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mcnearite","Mcnearite","NaCa5(As5+O4)(As5+O3OH)4·4H2O","NaCa5(AsO4)(AsO3OH)4·4H2O","NaCa_5_(AsO_4_)(AsO_3_OH)_4_·4H_2_O","NaCa_5_(As^5+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_3_OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Na Ca As O H","IMA1980-017"," ",3072," ","triclinic",,"Na Ca As^5+ O H","Mnr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Medaite","Medaite","Mn2+6V5+Si5O18(OH)","Mn2+6V5+Si5O18(OH)","Mn^2+^_6_V^5+^Si_5_O_18_(OH)","Mn^2+^_6_V^5+^Si_5_O_18_(OH)","Mn V Si O H","IMA1979-062"," ",3073,"Medaite","monoclinic","P21/n","Mn^2+ V^5+ Si O H","Med","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Medenbachite","Medenbachite","Bi3+2Fe3+Cu2+(As5+O4)2O(OH)3","Bi2Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)2O(OH)3","Bi_2_Fe^3+^Cu^2+^(AsO_4_)_2_O(OH)_3_","Bi^3+^_2_Fe^3+^Cu^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_O(OH)_3_","Bi Fe Cu As O H","IMA1993-048"," ",3074,"Medenbachite","triclinic","P1","Bi^3+ Fe^3+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Mdb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Medvedevite","Medvedevite","KMn2+V5+2O6Cl·2H2O","KMn2+V2O6Cl·2H2O","KMn^2+^V_2_O_6_Cl·2H_2_O","KMn^2+^V^5+^_2_O_6_Cl·2H_2_O","K Mn V O Cl H","IMA2021-082"," ",7190,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","K Mn^2+ V^5+ O Cl H","Mvv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Meerschautite","Meerschautite","(Ag1+,Cu1+)5.5Pb2+42.4(Sb3+,As3+)45.1S2-112O0.8","(Ag,Cu)5.5Pb42.4(Sb,As)45.1S112O0.8","(Ag,Cu)_5.5_Pb_42.4_(Sb,As)_45.1_S_112_O_0.8_","(Ag^1+^,Cu^1+^)_5.5_Pb^2+^_42.4_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_45.1_S^2-^_112_O_0.8_","Ag Cu Pb Sb As S O","IMA2013-061"," ",6222," ","monoclinic","P21","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2- O","Mee","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Megacyclite","Megacyclite","KNa8Si9O18(OH)9·19H2O","KNa8Si9O18(OH)9·19H2O","KNa_8_Si_9_O_18_(OH)_9_·19H_2_O","KNa_8_Si_9_O_18_(OH)_9_·19H_2_O","K Na Si O H","IMA1991-015"," ",3075," ","monoclinic","P21/c","K Na Si O H","Mgc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Megakalsilite","Megakalsilite","KAlSiO4","KAlSiO4","KAlSiO_4_","KAlSiO_4_","K Al Si O","IMA2001-008"," ",3076,"Tridymite-Nepheline","hexagonal","P63","K Al Si O","Mks","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Megawite","Megawite","CaSn4+O3","CaSnO3","CaSnO_3_","CaSn^4+^O_3_","Ca Sn O","IMA2009-090"," ",5819,"Perovskite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pbnm","Ca Sn^4+ O","Mgw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals","No" +"Meieranite","Meieranite","Na2Sr3MgSi6O17","Na2Sr3MgSi6O17","Na_2_Sr_3_MgSi_6_O_17_","Na_2_Sr_3_MgSi_6_O_17_","Na Sr Mg Si O","IMA2015-009"," ",6384,"Nordite","orthorhombic","P21nb","Na Sr Mg Si O","Mei","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Meierite","Meierite","Ba44Si66Al30O192Cl25(OH)33","Ba44Si66Al30O192Cl25(OH)33","Ba_44_Si_66_Al_30_O_192_Cl_25_(OH)_33_","Ba_44_Si_66_Al_30_O_192_Cl_25_(OH)_33_","Ba Si Al O Cl H","IMA2014-039"," ",6359," ","cubic","Im3m","Ba Si Al O Cl H","Mir","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Meifuite","Meifuite","KFe2+6(Si7Al)O19(OH)4Cl2","KFe6(Si7Al)O19(OH)4Cl2","KFe_6_(Si_7_Al)O_19_(OH)_4_Cl_2_","KFe^2+^_6_(Si_7_Al)O_19_(OH)_4_Cl_2_","K Fe Si Al O H Cl","IMA2019-101"," ",6987,"Talc, Mica","triclinic","P1","K Fe^2+ Si Al O H Cl","Mf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Meionite","Meionite","Ca4Al6Si6O24(CO3)","Ca4Al6Si6O24(CO3)","Ca_4_Al_6_Si_6_O_24_(CO_3_)","Ca_4_Al_6_Si_6_O_24_(CO_3_)","Ca Al Si O C"," "," ",3077,"Scapolite","tetragonal","I4/m, P42/n","Ca Al Si O C","Me","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Meisserite","Meisserite","Na5(U6+O2)(S6+O4)3(S6+O3OH)·H2O","Na5(UO2)(SO4)3(SO3OH)(H2O)","Na_5_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_3_(SO_3_OH)(H_2_O)","Na_5_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(S^6+^O_3_OH)·H_2_O","Na U O S H","IMA2013-039"," ",6204,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Mss","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Meitnerite","Meitnerite","(N3-H4)(U6+O2)(S6+O4)(OH)·2H2O","(NH4)(UO2)(SO4)(OH)·2H2O","(NH_4_)(UO_2_)(SO_4_)(OH)·2H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·2H_2_O","N H U O S","IMA2017-065"," ",6699,"Johannite","triclinic","P1","N^3- H U^6+ O S^6+","Mne","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Meixnerite","Meixnerite","Mg6Al2(OH)18·4H2O","Mg6Al2(OH)16(OH)2·4H2O","Mg_6_Al_2_(OH)_16_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Mg_6_Al_2_(OH)_18_·4H_2_O","Mg Al O H","IMA1974-003"," ",3078,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Al O H","Mxn","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Meizhouite","Meizhouite","Fe2+V3+2(PO4)2(OH)2","Fe2+V3+2(PO4)2(OH)2","Fe^2+^V^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Fe^2+^V^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Fe V P O H","IMA2024-036"," ",7516,"Lazulite","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^2+ V^3+ P O H","Mzh",,"No" +"Mejillonesite","Mejillonesite","NaMg2(PO3OH)(PO4)(OH)4·H2O","NaMg2(PO3OH)(PO4)(OH)·H5O2","NaMg_2_(PO_3_OH)(PO_4_)(OH)·H_5_O_2_","NaMg_2_(PO_3_OH)(PO_4_)(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Na Mg P O H","IMA2010-068"," ",5907,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbca","Na Mg P O H","Mej","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Melanarsite","Melanarsite","K3Cu2+7Fe3+O4(As5+O4)4","K3Cu7Fe3+O4(AsO4)4","K_3_Cu_7_Fe^3+^O_4_(AsO_4_)_4_","K_3_Cu^2+^_7_Fe^3+^O_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_","K Cu Fe O As","IMA2014-048"," ",6344,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","K Cu^2+ Fe^3+ O As^5+","Mea","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Melanocerite-(Ce)","Melanocerite-(Ce)","Ce3+5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O)","Ce5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O)","Ce_5_(SiO_4_,BO_4_)_3_(OH,O)","Ce^3+^_5_(SiO_4_,BO_4_)_3_(OH,O)","Ce Si O B H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4945,"Apatite",,,"Ce^3+ Si O B H","Mcrt-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Melanophlogite","Melanophlogite","C2H17O5·Si46O92","C2H17O5·Si46O92","C_2_H_17_O_5_·Si_46_O_92_","C_2_H_17_O_5_·Si_46_O_92_","C H O Si","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3079," ","cubic, tetragonal","Pm3n, P42/nbc","C H O Si","Mp","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Melanostibite","Melanostibite","Mn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6","Mn2Fe3+Sb5+O6","Mn_2_Fe^3+^Sb^5+^O_6_","Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^Sb^5+^O_6_","Mn Fe Sb O","IMA1971 s.p."," ",3081,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Sb^5+ O","Mlsb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Melanotekite","Melanotekite","Pb2+2Fe3+2O2Si2O7","Pb2Fe3+2O2(Si2O7)","Pb_2_Fe^3+^_2_O_2_(Si_2_O_7_)","Pb^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_O_2_Si_2_O_7_","Pb Fe O Si"," "," ",3082," ","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ O Si","Mtk","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Melanothallite","Melanothallite","Cu2+2OCl2","Cu2OCl2","Cu_2_OCl_2_","Cu^2+^_2_OCl_2_","Cu O Cl"," "," ",3083," ","orthorhombic","Fddd","Cu^2+ O Cl","Mlth","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Melanovanadite","Melanovanadite","CaV4+2V5+2O10·5H2O","Ca(V5+,V4+)4O10·5H2O","Ca(V^5+^,V^4+^)_4_O_10_·5H_2_O","CaV^4+^_2_V^5+^_2_O_10_·5H_2_O","Ca V O H"," "," ",3084," ","triclinic","P1","Ca V^4+ V^5+ O H","Mvd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Melansonite","Melansonite","Na☐KZr4+Si8O19·5H2O","Na☐KZrSi8O19·5H2O","Na[box]KZrSi_8_O_19_·5H_2_O","Na[box]KZr^4+^Si_8_O_19_·5H_2_O","Na K Zr Si O H","IMA2018-168"," ",6940,"Rhodesite","orthorhombic","Pmma","Na K Zr^4+ Si O H","Mso","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Melanterite","Melanterite","Fe2+S6+O4·7H2O","Fe(SO4)·7H2O","Fe(SO_4_)·7H_2_O","Fe^2+^S^6+^O_4_·7H_2_O","Fe S O H"," "," ",3085,"Melanterite","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^2+ S^6+ O H","Mln","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Melcherite","Melcherite","Ba2Na2Mg[Nb5+6O19]·6H2O","Ba2Na2Mg[Nb6O19]·6H2O","Ba_2_Na_2_Mg[Nb_6_O_19_]·6H_2_O","Ba_2_Na_2_Mg[Nb^5+^_6_O_19_]·6H_2_O","Ba Na Mg Nb O H","IMA2015-018"," ",6401,"Peterandresenite","hexagonal","R3","Ba Na Mg Nb^5+ O H","Mlh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Meliphanite","Meliphanite","Ca4(Na,Ca)4Be4AlSi7O24(F,O)4","Ca4(Na,Ca)4Be4AlSi7O24(F,O)4","Ca_4_(Na,Ca)_4_Be_4_AlSi_7_O_24_(F,O)_4_","Ca_4_(Na,Ca)_4_Be_4_AlSi_7_O_24_(F,O)_4_","Ca Na Be Al Si O F"," "," ",3087," ","tetragonal","I4","Ca Na Be Al Si O F","Mph","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Melkovite","Melkovite","CaFe3+2Mo6+5O10(PO4)2(OH)12·8H2O","CaFe3+2Mo5O10(PO4)2(OH)12·8H2O","CaFe^3+^_2_Mo_5_O_10_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_12_·8H_2_O","CaFe^3+^_2_Mo^6+^_5_O_10_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_12_·8H_2_O","Ca Fe Mo O P H","IMA1968-033"," ",3088,"Betpakdalite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Fe^3+ Mo^6+ O P H","Mko","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Melliniite","Melliniite","(Ni,Fe)4P","(Ni,Fe)4P","(Ni,Fe)_4_P","(Ni,Fe)_4_P","Ni Fe P","IMA2005-027"," ",5298," ","cubic","P213","Ni Fe P","Mli","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Mellite","Mellite","Al2C6(COO)6·16H2O","Al2C6(COO)6·16H2O","Al_2_C_6_(COO)_6_·16H_2_O","Al_2_C_6_(COO)_6_·16H_2_O","Al C O H"," "," ",3089," ","tetragonal","I41/acd","Al C O H","Mel","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Mellizinkalite","Mellizinkalite","K3Zn2+2Cl7","K3Zn2Cl7","K_3_Zn_2_Cl_7_","K_3_Zn^2+^_2_Cl_7_","K Zn Cl","IMA2014-010"," ",6303,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","K Zn^2+ Cl","Mzk","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Melonite","Melonite","NiTe2","NiTe2","NiTe_2_","NiTe_2_","Ni Te"," "," ",3090,"Melonite","hexagonal","P3m1","Ni Te","Mlt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Mélonjosephite","Melonjosephite","CaFe2+Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)","CaFe2+Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)","CaFe^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)","CaFe^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)","Ca Fe P O H","IMA1973-012"," ",3091," ","orthorhombic","Pbam","Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Mjo","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Menchettiite","Menchettiite","Pb2+5Mn2+3Ag1+2Sb3+6As3+4S2-24","Pb5Mn3Ag2Sb6As4S24","Pb_5_Mn_3_Ag_2_Sb_6_As_4_S_24_","Pb^2+^_5_Mn^2+^_3_Ag^1+^_2_Sb^3+^_6_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_24_","Pb Mn Ag Sb As S","IMA2011-009"," ",5939,"Lillianite","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Ag^1+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Men","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mendeleevite-(Ce)","Mendeleevite-(Ce)","Cs6(Ce3+,REE,Ca)30(Si70O175)(OH,F,H2O)35","Cs6(Ce,REE,Ca)30(Si70O175)(OH,F,H2O)35","Cs_6_(Ce,REE,Ca)_30_(Si_70_O_175_)(OH,F,H_2_O)_35_","Cs_6_(Ce^3+^,REE,Ca)_30_(Si_70_O_175_)(OH,F,H_2_O)_35_","Cs Ce REE Ca Si O H F","IMA2009-092"," ",5824,"Mendeleevite","cubic","Pm3","Cs Ce^3+ REE Ca Si O H F","Mdl-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Mendeleevite-(Nd)","Mendeleevite-(Nd)","Cs6(Nd,REE,Ca)30(Si70O175)(OH,F,H2O)35","Cs6(Nd,REE,Ca)30(Si70O175)(OH,F,H2O)35","Cs_6_(Nd,REE,Ca)_30_(Si_70_O_175_)(OH,F,H_2_O)_35_","Cs_6_(Nd,REE,Ca)_30_(Si_70_O_175_)(OH,F,H_2_O)_35_","Cs Nd REE Ca Si O H F","IMA2015-031"," ",6434,"Mendeleevite","cubic","Pm3","Cs Nd REE Ca Si O H F","Mdl-Nd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Mendigite","Mendigite","Mn2+5CaSi6O18","Mn2Mn2MnCa(Si3O9)2","Mn_2_Mn_2_MnCa(Si_3_O_9_)_2_","Mn^2+^_5_CaSi_6_O_18_","Mn Ca Si O","IMA2014-007"," ",6300,"Wollastonite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Ca Si O","Mdg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Mendipite","Mendipite","Pb2+3O2Cl2","Pb3O2Cl2","Pb_3_O_2_Cl_2_","Pb^2+^_3_O_2_Cl_2_","Pb O Cl"," "," ",3092," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Pb^2+ O Cl","Mdi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Mendozavilite-KCa","Mendozavilite-KCa","[K2(H2O)15Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8P2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]","[K2(H2O)15Ca(H2O)6][Mo8P2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]","[K_2_(H_2_O)_15_Ca(H_2_O)_6_][Mo_8_P_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_34_(OH)_3_]","[K_2_(H_2_O)_15_Ca(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_P_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_34_(OH)_3_]","K H O Ca Mo P Fe","IMA2011-088"," ",6031,"Betpakdalite","monoclinic","C2/m","K H O Ca Mo^6+ P Fe^3+","Mdz-KCa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mendozavilite-NaCu","Mendozavilite-NaCu","[Na2(H2O)15Cu2+(H2O)6][Mo6+8P2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]","[Na2(H2O)15Cu(H2O)6][Mo8P2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]","[Na_2_(H_2_O)_15_Cu(H_2_O)_6_][Mo_8_P_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_34_(OH)_3_]","[Na_2_(H_2_O)_15_Cu^2+^(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_P_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_34_(OH)_3_]","Na H O Cu Mo P Fe","IMA2011-039"," ",5966,"Betpakdalite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na H O Cu^2+ Mo^6+ P Fe^3+","Mdz-NaCu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mendozavilite-NaFe","Mendozavilite-NaFe","[Na2(H2O)15Fe3+(H2O)6][Mo6+8P2Fe3+3O35(OH)2]","[Na2(H2O)15Fe3+(H2O)6][Mo8P2Fe3+3O35(OH)2]","[Na_2_(H_2_O)_15_Fe^3+^(H_2_O)_6_][Mo_8_P_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_35_(OH)_2_]","[Na_2_(H_2_O)_15_Fe^3+^(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_P_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_35_(OH)_2_]","Na H O Fe Mo P","IMA1982-009"," ",3093,"Betpakdalite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na H O Fe^3+ Mo^6+ P","Mdz-NaFe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mendozite","Mendozite","NaAl(S6+O4)2·11H2O","NaAl(SO4)2·11H2O","NaAl(SO_4_)_2_·11H_2_O","NaAl(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·11H_2_O","Na Al S O H"," "," ",3094," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Al S^6+ O H","Mz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Meneghinite","Meneghinite","Pb2+13Cu1+Sb3+7S2-24","Pb13CuSb7S24","Pb_13_CuSb_7_S_24_","Pb^2+^_13_Cu^1+^Sb^3+^_7_S^2-^_24_","Pb Cu Sb S"," "," ",3095,"Meneghinite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Pb^2+ Cu^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Meg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Menezesite","Menezesite","Ba3MgZr4+4Nb5+12O42·12H2O","Ba3MgZr4Nb12O42·12H2O","Ba_3_MgZr_4_Nb_12_O_42_·12H_2_O","Ba_3_MgZr^4+^_4_Nb^5+^_12_O_42_·12H_2_O","Ba Mg Zr Nb O H","IMA2005-023"," ",5316,"Menezesite","cubic","Im3","Ba Mg Zr^4+ Nb^5+ O H","Mze","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Mengeite","Mengeite","Ba(Mg,Mn2+)Mn3+4(PO4)4(OH)4·4H2O","Ba(Mg,Mn2+)Mn3+4(PO4)4(OH)4·4H2O","Ba(Mg,Mn^2+^)Mn^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Ba(Mg,Mn^2+^)Mn^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Ba Mg Mn P O H","IMA2018-035"," ",6777,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ba Mg Mn^2+ Mn^3+ P O H","Mge","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mengxianminite","Mengxianminite","Ca2Sn4+2Mg3Al8[(BO3)(BeO4)O6]2","Ca2Sn2Mg3Al8[(BO3)(BeO4)O6]2","Ca_2_Sn_2_Mg_3_Al_8_[(BO_3_)(BeO_4_)O_6_]_2_","Ca_2_Sn^4+^_2_Mg_3_Al_8_[(BO_3_)(BeO_4_)O_6_]_2_","Ca Sn Mg Al B O Be","IMA2015-070"," ",5418,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Fdd2","Ca Sn^4+ Mg Al B O Be","Mgx","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Meniaylovite","Meniaylovite","Ca4AlSi(S6+O4)F13·12H2O","Ca4AlSi(SO4)F13·12H2O","Ca_4_AlSi(SO_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O","Ca_4_AlSi(S^6+^O_4_)F_13_·12H_2_O","Ca Al Si S O F H","IMA2002-050"," ",5514,"Chukhrovite","cubic","Fd3","Ca Al Si S^6+ O F H","Myl","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Menshikovite","Menshikovite","Pd3Ni2As3","Pd3Ni2As3","Pd_3_Ni_2_As_3_","Pd_3_Ni_2_As_3_","Pd Ni As","IMA1993-057"," ",3096," ","hexagonal",,"Pd Ni As","Mnv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Menzerite-(Y)","Menzerite-(Y)","CaY2Mg2Si3O12","(CaY2)Mg2(SiO4)3","(CaY_2_)Mg_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","CaY_2_Mg_2_Si_3_O_12_","Ca Y Mg Si O","IMA2009-050"," ",5779,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Y Mg Si O","Mzr-Y","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Mercallite","Mercallite","KHS6+O4","KH(SO4)","KH(SO_4_)","KHS^6+^O_4_","K H S O"," "," ",3097," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","K H S^6+ O","Mec","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mercury","Mercury","Hg","Hg","Hg","Hg","Hg"," "," ",3098," ",,,"Hg","Hg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","Yes" +"Mereheadite","Mereheadite","Pb2+47O24(OH)13Cl25(BO3)2(CO3)","Pb47O24(OH)13Cl25(BO3)2(CO3)","Pb_47_O_24_(OH)_13_Cl_25_(BO_3_)_2_(CO_3_)","Pb^2+^_47_O_24_(OH)_13_Cl_25_(BO_3_)_2_(CO_3_)","Pb O H Cl B C","IMA1996-045"," ",3099," ","monoclinic","Cm","Pb^2+ O H Cl B C","Mrh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mereiterite","Mereiterite","K2Fe2+(S6+O4)2·4H2O","K2Fe2+(SO4)2·4H2O","K_2_Fe^2+^(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","K_2_Fe^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","K Fe S O H","IMA1993-045"," ",3100," ","monoclinic","C2/m","K Fe^2+ S^6+ O H","Mtr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Merelaniite","Merelaniite","Pb2+4Mo4+4V3+Sb3+S2-15","Pb4Mo4VSbS15","Pb_4_Mo_4_VSbS_15_","Pb^2+^_4_Mo^4+^_4_V^3+^Sb^3+^S^2-^_15_","Pb Mo V Sb S","IMA2016-042"," ",6570,"Cylindrite","triclinic","C1","Pb^2+ Mo^4+ V^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ml","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Merenskyite","Merenskyite","PdTe2","PdTe2","PdTe_2_","PdTe_2_","Pd Te","IMA1965-016"," ",3101,"Melonite","hexagonal","P3m1","Pd Te","Mrk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Meridianiite","Meridianiite","MgS6+O4·11H2O","Mg(SO4)·11H2O","Mg(SO_4_)·11H_2_O","MgS^6+^O_4_·11H_2_O","Mg S O H","IMA2007-011"," ",5571,"Not in a structural group",,,"Mg S^6+ O H","Mdn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Merlinoite","Merlinoite","K5Ca2(Si23Al9)O64·24H2O","K5Ca2(Si23Al9)O64·24H2O","K_5_Ca_2_(Si_23_Al_9_)O_64_·24H_2_O","K_5_Ca_2_(Si_23_Al_9_)O_64_·24H_2_O","K Ca Si Al O H","IMA1976-046"," ",3102," ","orthorhombic","Immm","K Ca Si Al O H","Mrl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules","No" +"Merrihueite","Merrihueite","(K,Na)2(Fe2+,Mg)5Si12O30","(K,Na)2(Fe2+,Mg)5Si12O30","(K,Na)_2_(Fe^2+^,Mg)_5_Si_12_O_30_","(K,Na)_2_(Fe^2+^,Mg)_5_Si_12_O_30_","K Na Fe Mg Si O","IMA1965-020"," ",3103,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Na Fe^2+ Mg Si O","Mhu","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Merrillite","Merrillite","Ca9NaMg(PO4)7","Ca9NaMg(PO4)7","Ca_9_NaMg(PO_4_)_7_","Ca_9_NaMg(PO_4_)_7_","Ca Na Mg P O","IMA1976 s.p."," ",5059,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ca Na Mg P O","Mer","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Mertieite","Mertieite","Pd8Sb2.5As0.5","Pd8Sb2.5As0.5","Pd_8_Sb_2.5_As_0.5_","Pd_8_Sb_2.5_As_0.5_","Pd Sb As","IMA2022 s.p."," ",3105,"Stillwaterite","hexagonal","R3c","Pd Sb As","Met-II","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Merwinite","Merwinite","Ca3Mg(SiO4)2","Ca3Mg(SiO4)2","Ca_3_Mg(SiO_4_)_2_","Ca_3_Mg(SiO_4_)_2_","Ca Mg Si O"," "," ",3106,"Aphthitalite","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Mg Si O","Mw","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Mesaite","Mesaite","CaMn2+5(V5+2O7)3·12H2O","CaMn2+5(V2O7)3·12H2O","CaMn^2+^_5_(V_2_O_7_)_3_·12H_2_O","CaMn^2+^_5_(V^5+^_2_O_7_)_3_·12H_2_O","Ca Mn V O H","IMA2015-069"," ",6470,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P2/n","Ca Mn^2+ V^5+ O H","Msa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Mesolite","Mesolite","Na2Ca2(Si9Al6)O30·8H2O","Na2Ca2(Si9Al6)O30·8H2O","Na_2_Ca_2_(Si_9_Al_6_)O_30_·8H_2_O","Na_2_Ca_2_(Si_9_Al_6_)O_30_·8H_2_O","Na Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",3107,"Natrolite","orthorhombic","Fdd2","Na Ca Si Al O H","Mes","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals","No" +"Messelite","Messelite","Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2·2H2O","Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Fe P O H"," "," ",3108,"Fairfieldite","triclinic","P1","Ca Fe^2+ P O H","Msl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Meta-aluminite","Meta-aluminite","Al2S6+O4(OH)4·5H2O","Al2(SO4)(OH)4·5H2O","Al_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Al_2_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Al S O H","IMA1967-013"," ",3109,"Aluminite",,,"Al S^6+ O H","Ma","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Meta-alunogen","Meta-alunogen","Al2(S6+O4)3·14H2O","Al2(SO4)3·14H2O","Al_2_(SO_4_)_3_·14H_2_O","Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_·14H_2_O","Al S O H"," "," ",3110," ",,,"Al S^6+ O H","Malg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Meta-ankoleite","Meta-ankoleite","K(U6+O2)(PO4)·3H2O","K(UO2)(PO4)·3H2O","K(UO_2_)(PO_4_)·3H_2_O","K(U^6+^O_2_)(PO_4_)·3H_2_O","K U O P H","IMA1963-013"," ",3111,"Natroautunite","tetragonal","P4/nmm","K U^6+ O P H","Mak","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Meta-autunite","Meta-autunite","Ca(U6+O2)2(PO4)2·6H2O","Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·6H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Ca U O P H"," "," ",3112,"Meta-autunite","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Ca U^6+ O P H","Maut","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Metaborite","Metaborite","HBO2","HBO2","HBO_2_","HBO_2_","H B O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3116," ","cubic","P43n","H B O","Mbo","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Metacalciouranoite","Metacalciouranoite","(Ca,Na,Ba)U6+2O7·2H2O","(Ca,Na,Ba)U2O7·2H2O","(Ca,Na,Ba)U_2_O_7_·2H_2_O","(Ca,Na,Ba)U^6+^_2_O_7_·2H_2_O","Ca Na Ba U O H","IMA1971-054"," ",3117,"Wölsendorfite",,,"Ca Na Ba U^6+ O H","Mcu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metacinnabar","Metacinnabar","Hg2+S2-","HgS","HgS","Hg^2+^S^2-^","Hg S"," "," ",3118,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","Hg^2+ S^2-","Mcin","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Metadelrioite","Metadelrioite","SrCa(V5+O3)2(OH)2","SrCa(VO3)2(OH)2","SrCa(VO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","SrCa(V^5+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","Sr Ca V O H","IMA1967-006"," ",3119," ","triclinic",,"Sr Ca V^5+ O H","Mdlr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Metahaiweeite","Metahaiweeite","Ca(U6+O2)2Si6O15·nH2O","Ca(UO2)2Si6O15·nH2O","Ca(UO_2_)_2_Si_6_O_15_·nH_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_2_Si_6_O_15_·nH_2_O","Ca U O Si H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3120," ",,,"Ca U^6+ O Si H","Mhwe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metaheimite","Metaheimite","Pb2+Cu2+2(As5+O4)(OH)3","PbCu2(AsO4)(OH)3","PbCu_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)_3_","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_3_","Pb Cu As O H","IMA2023-020a"," ",7515," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Mhim",,"No" +"Metaheinrichite","Metaheinrichite","Ba(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Ba(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O","Ba(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ba(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ba U O As H"," "," ",3121," ","tetragonal, monoclinic","P21","Ba U^6+ O As^5+ H","Mhrc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metahewettite","Metahewettite","CaV5+6O16·3H2O","CaV5+6O16·3H2O","CaV^5+^_6_O_16_·3H_2_O","CaV^5+^_6_O_16_·3H_2_O","Ca V O H"," "," ",3122,"Hewettite","monoclinic","P21/m, P21","Ca V^5+ O H","Mhew","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metahohmannite","Metahohmannite","Fe3+2O(S6+O4)2·4H2O","Fe3+2O(SO4)2·4H2O","Fe^3+^_2_O(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_O(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Fe O S H"," "," ",3123,"Amarantite","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ O S^6+ H","Mhoh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metakahlerite","Metakahlerite","Fe2+(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Fe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O","Fe^2+^(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe U O As H"," "," ",3124," ","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ U^6+ O As^5+ H","Mkah","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metakirchheimerite","Metakirchheimerite","Co2+(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Co(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O","Co(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Co^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Co U O As H"," "," ",3125," ","triclinic","P1","Co^2+ U^6+ O As^5+ H","Mki","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metaköttigite","Metakottigite","(Zn2+,Fe3+)3(As5+O4)2·8(H2O,OH)","(Zn,Fe3+)3(AsO4)2·8(H2O,OH)","(Zn,Fe^3+^)_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·8(H_2_O,OH)","(Zn^2+^,Fe^3+^)_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8(H_2_O,OH)","Zn Fe As O H","IMA1979-077"," ",3126,"Symplesite","triclinic",,"Zn^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Mköt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metalodèvite","Metalodevite","Zn2+(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·10H2O","Zn(UO2)2(AsO4)2·10H2O","Zn(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Zn^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Zn U O As H","IMA1972-014"," ",3127," ","tetragonal, triclinic","P42/m, P1","Zn^2+ U^6+ O As^5+ H","Mldv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metamunirite","Metamunirite","NaV5+O3","NaV5+O3","NaV^5+^O_3_","NaV^5+^O_3_","Na V O","IMA1990-044"," ",3128," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Na V^5+ O","Mmni","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Metanatroautunite","Metanatroautunite","Na(U6+O2)(PO4)·3H2O","Na(UO2)(PO4)·3H2O","Na(UO_2_)(PO_4_)·3H_2_O","Na(U^6+^O_2_)(PO_4_)·3H_2_O","Na U O P H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",5060," ","tetragonal","P4/ncc","Na U^6+ O P H","Mnaut","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metanováčekite","Metanovacekite","Mg(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·4-8H2O","Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O","Mg(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·4-8H_2_O","Mg U O As H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3129," ","tetragonal","P4/n","Mg U^6+ O As^5+ H","Mnvč","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metarauchite","Metarauchite","Ni2+(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O","Ni(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ni^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ni U O As H","IMA2008-050"," ",5710,"Autunite","triclinic","P1","Ni^2+ U^6+ O As^5+ H","Mrau","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metarossite","Metarossite","CaV5+2O6·2H2O","CaV5+2O6·2H2O","CaV^5+^_2_O_6_·2H_2_O","CaV^5+^_2_O_6_·2H_2_O","Ca V O H"," "," ",3130," ","triclinic","P1","Ca V^5+ O H","Mrs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Metasaléeite","Metasaleeite","Mg(U6+O2)2(PO4)2·8H2O","Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O","Mg(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg U O P H"," "," ",5423," ",,,"Mg U^6+ O P H","Mslé","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metaschoderite","Metaschoderite","Al2(PO4)(V5+O4)·6H2O","Al2(PO4)(VO4)·6H2O","Al_2_(PO_4_)(VO_4_)·6H_2_O","Al_2_(PO_4_)(V^5+^O_4_)·6H_2_O","Al P O V H","IMA1962 s.p., IMA2024-E"," ",3131," ","monoclinic","P2/m","Al P O V^5+ H","Msdr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metaschoepite","Metaschoepite","(U6+O2)8O2(OH)12·10H2O","(UO2)8O2(OH)12·10H2O","(UO_2_)_8_O_2_(OH)_12_·10H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)_8_O_2_(OH)_12_·10H_2_O","U O H"," "," ",3132,"Schoepite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","U^6+ O H","Mshp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metasideronatrite","Metasideronatrite","Na2Fe3+(S6+O4)2(OH)·H2O","Na2Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)·H2O","Na_2_Fe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Na_2_Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Na Fe S O H"," "," ",3133," ","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Na Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Mnat","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metastibnite","Metastibnite","Sb3+2S2-3","Sb2S3","Sb_2_S_3_","Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_3_","Sb S"," "," ",3134,"Stibnite",,,"Sb^3+ S^2-","Msbn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Metastudtite","Metastudtite","(U6+O2)(O2)2-(H2O)2","UO4·2H2O","UO_4_·2H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)(O_2_)^2-^(H_2_O)_2_","U O H","IMA1981-055"," ",3135," ","orthorhombic","Immm","U^6+ O H","Mstu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Metaswitzerite","Metaswitzerite","Mn2+3(PO4)2·4H2O","Mn2+3(PO4)2·4H2O","Mn^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn P O H","IMA1981-027a"," ",3136," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ P O H","Msw","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Metatamboite","Metatamboite","Fe3+3(OH)(H2O)2(S6+O4)(Te4+O3)3(Te4+O(OH)2)(H2O)","Fe3+3(OH)(H2O)2(SO4)(Te4+O3)3[Te4+O(OH)2](H2O)","Fe^3+^_3_(OH)(H_2_O)_2_(SO_4_)(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_[Te^4+^O(OH)_2_](H_2_O)","Fe^3+^_3_(OH)(H_2_O)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_(Te^4+^O(OH)_2_)(H_2_O)","Fe O H S Te","IMA2016-060"," ",6587," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^3+ O H S^6+ Te^4+","Mtm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metathénardite","Metathenardite","Na2S6+O4","Na2(SO4)","Na_2_(SO_4_)","Na_2_S^6+^O_4_","Na S O","IMA2015-102"," ",6502,"Aphthitalite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Na S^6+ O","Mthn","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Metatorbernite","Metatorbernite","Cu2+(U6+O2)2(PO4)2·8H2O","Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O","Cu(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Cu^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Cu U O P H"," "," ",3137," ","tetragonal, monoclinic","P4/n, P4/nmm, P21","Cu^2+ U^6+ O P H","Mtor","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metatyuyamunite","Metatyuyamunite","Ca(U6+O2)2(V5+O4)2·3H2O","Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_2_(VO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Ca U O V H"," "," ",3138,"Fritzscheite","orthorhombic","Pnam","Ca U^6+ O V^5+ H","Mtyu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metauramphite","Metauramphite","(N3-H4)2(U6+O2)2(PO4)2·6H2O","(NH4)2(UO2)2(PO4)2·6H2O","(NH_4_)_2_(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","N H U O P"," "," ",5506," ",,,"N^3- H U^6+ O P","Murp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metauranocircite","Metauranocircite","Ba(U6+O2)2(PO4)2·8H2O","Ba(UO2)2(PO4)2·6H2O","Ba(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Ba(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ba U O P H","IMA2007 s.p., IMA2022 s.p."," ",3113," ","monoclinic","P21","Ba U^6+ O P H","Murc-I","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metauranopilite","Metauranopilite","(U6+O2)6S6+O4(OH)10·5H2O","(UO2)6(SO4)(OH)10·5H2O","(UO_2_)_6_(SO_4_)(OH)_10_·5H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)_6_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_10_·5H_2_O","U O S H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3114," ",,,"U^6+ O S^6+ H","Mup","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Metauranospinite","Metauranospinite","Ca(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca U O As H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3115," ",,,"Ca U^6+ O As^5+ H","Musp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metauroxite","Metauroxite","(U6+O2)2((C2)6+O4)(OH)2(H2O)2","(UO2)2(C2O4)(OH)2(H2O)2","(UO_2_)_2_(C_2_O_4_)(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","(U^6+^O_2_)_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","U O C H","IMA2019-030"," ",6916,"Oxalate","triclinic","P1","U^6+ O C H","Murx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Metavandendriesscheite","Metavandendriesscheite","Pb2+U6+7O22·nH2O","PbU7O22·nH2O","PbU_7_O_22_·nH_2_O","Pb^2+^U^6+^_7_O_22_·nH_2_O","Pb U O H"," "," ",3139," ",,,"Pb^2+ U^6+ O H","Mvdd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metavanmeersscheite","Metavanmeersscheite","U6+(U6+O2)3(PO4)2(OH)6·2H2O","U(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)6·2H2O","U(UO_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","U^6+^(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","U O P H","IMA1981-010"," ",3140," ","orthorhombic","Fddd","U^6+ O P H","Mvms","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metavanuralite","Metavanuralite","Al(U6+O2)2(V5+O4)2(OH)·8H2O","Al(UO2)2(VO4)2(OH)·8H2O","Al(UO_2_)_2_(VO_4_)_2_(OH)·8H_2_O","Al(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·8H_2_O","Al U O V H","IMA1970-003"," ",3141," ","triclinic",,"Al U^6+ O V^5+ H","Mvnr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metavariscite","Metavariscite","AlPO4·2H2O","Al(PO4)·2H2O","Al(PO_4_)·2H_2_O","AlPO_4_·2H_2_O","Al P O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3142,"Phosphosiderite","monoclinic","P21/n","Al P O H","Mvar","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Metavauxite","Metavauxite","Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Fe^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe Al P O H"," "," ",3143," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^2+ Al P O H","Mvx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metavivianite","Metavivianite","Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O","Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA1973-049"," ",3144,"Symplesite","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Mviv","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metavoltine","Metavoltine","K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(S6+O4)12·18H2O","K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12·18H2O","K_2_Na_6_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_6_O_2_(SO_4_)_12_·18H_2_O","K_2_Na_6_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_6_O_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_12_·18H_2_O","K Na Fe O S H"," "," ",3145,"Metavoltine","hexagonal","P3","K Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O S^6+ H","Mvt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Metazellerite","Metazellerite","Ca(U6+O2)(CO3)2·3H2O","Ca(UO2)(CO3)2·3H2O","Ca(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_2_·3H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_2_·3H_2_O","Ca U O C H","IMA1965-032"," ",3146," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca U^6+ O C H","Mzel","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Metazeunerite","Metazeunerite","Cu2+(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O","Cu(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Cu^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Cu U O As H"," "," ",3147," ","tetragonal","P4/nmm, P4/n, P4/ncc, P42/nmc","Cu^2+ U^6+ O As^5+ H","Mzeu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Meurigite-K","Meurigite-K","[K(H2O)2.5][Fe3+8(PO4)6(OH)7]·4H2O","KFe3+8(PO4)6(OH)7·6.5H2O","KFe^3+^_8_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_7_·6.5H_2_O","[K(H_2_O)_2.5_][Fe^3+^_8_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_7_]·4H_2_O","K Fe P O H","IMA1995-022"," ",3149,"Phosphofibrite","monoclinic","C2/c","K H O Fe^3+ P","Meu-K","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Meurigite-Na","Meurigite-Na","[Na(H2O)2.5][Fe3+8(PO4)6(OH)7]·4H2O","[Na(H2O)2.5][Fe3+8(PO4)6(OH)7(H2O)4]","[Na(H_2_O)_2.5_][Fe^3+^_8_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_7_(H_2_O)_4_]","[Na(H_2_O)_2.5_][Fe^3+^_8_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_7_]·4H_2_O","Na H O Fe P","IMA2007-024"," ",5626,"Phosphofibrite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na H O Fe^3+ P","Meu-Na","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Meyerhofferite","Meyerhofferite","CaB3O3(OH)5·H2O","CaB3O3(OH)5·H2O","CaB_3_O_3_(OH)_5_·H_2_O","CaB_3_O_3_(OH)_5_·H_2_O","Ca B O H"," "," ",3150," ","triclinic","P1","Ca B O H","Mhf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Meymacite","Meymacite","W6+O3·2H2O","WO3·2H2O","WO_3_·2H_2_O","W^6+^O_3_·2H_2_O","W O H","IMA1965 s.p."," ",3151,"Amorphous",,,"W^6+ O H","Mym","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Meyrowitzite","Meyrowitzite","Ca(U6+O2)(CO3)2·5H2O","Ca(UO2)(CO3)2·5H2O","Ca(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca U O C H","IMA2018-039"," ",6780,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca U^6+ O C H","Mey","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mgriite","Mgriite","Cu3AsSe3","Cu3AsSe3","Cu_3_AsSe_3_","Cu_3_AsSe_3_","Cu As Se","IMA1980-100"," ",3152,"Diamond","cubic","Fd3m","Cu As Se","Mgi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mianningite","Mianningite","(☐,Pb2+,Ce3+,Na)(U4+,Mn2+,U6+)Fe3+2(Ti4+,Fe3+)18O38","(☐,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38","([box],Pb,Ce,Na)(U^4+^,Mn,U^6+^)Fe^3+^_2_(Ti,Fe^3+^)_18_O_38_","([box],Pb^2+^,Ce^3+^,Na)(U^4+^,Mn^2+^,U^6+^)Fe^3+^_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_18_O_38_","Pb Ce Na U Mn Fe Ti O","IMA2014-072"," ",6370,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Pb^2+ Ce^3+ Na U^4+ Mn^2+ U^6+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O","Min","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Miargyrite","Miargyrite","Ag1+Sb3+S2-2","AgSbS2","AgSbS_2_","Ag^1+^Sb^3+^S^2-^_2_","Ag Sb S"," "," ",3153," ","monoclinic","C2/c, C2, Cc","Ag^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","May","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Miassite","Miassite","Rh17S15","Rh17S15","Rh_17_S_15_","Rh_17_S_15_","Rh S","IMA1997-029"," ",3154," ","cubic","Pm3m","Rh S","Mia","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Michalskiite","Michalskiite","Cu2+Mg3Fe3+3.33(V5+O4)6","Cu2+Mg3Fe3+3.33(VO4)6","Cu^2+^Mg_3_Fe^3+^_3.33_(VO_4_)_6_","Cu^2+^Mg_3_Fe^3+^_3.33_(V^5+^O_4_)_6_","Cu Mg Fe V O","IMA2019-062"," ",6950,"Lyonsite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Cu^2+ Mg Fe^3+ V^5+ O","Mcs","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Micheelsenite","Micheelsenite","(Ca,Y)3Al(PO3OH)CO3(OH)6·12H2O","(Ca,Y)3Al(PO3OH)(CO3)(OH)6·12H2O","(Ca,Y)_3_Al(PO_3_OH)(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","(Ca,Y)_3_Al(PO_3_OH)CO_3_(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca Y Al P O H C","IMA1999-033"," ",3155,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P63","Ca Y Al P O H C","Msn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Michenerite","Michenerite","Pd3+(BiTe)3-","PdBiTe","PdBiTe","Pd^3+^(BiTe)^3-^","Pd Bi Te","IMA1971-006a"," ",3156,"Ullmannite","cubic","P213","Pd^3+ Bi Te","Mch","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Michitoshiite-(Cu)","Michitoshiite-(Cu)","Rh(Cu1-xGex) 0","Rh(Cu1-xGex) 0","Rh(Cu_1-x_Ge_x_) 0","Rh(Cu_1-x_Ge_x_) 0","Rh Cu Ge","IMA2019-029a"," ",6978,"Iron","cubic","Pm3m","Rh Cu Ge","Mhs-Cu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Microcline","Microcline","KAlSi3O8","K(AlSi3O8)","K(AlSi_3_O_8_)","KAlSi_3_O_8_","K Al Si O"," "," ",3157,"Feldspar","triclinic","C1","K Al Si O","Mcc","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Microsommite","Microsommite","[(Na,K)6(S6+O4)][Ca2Cl2][(Si6Al6O24)]","[(Na,K)6(SO4)][Ca2Cl2][(Si6Al6O24)]","[(Na,K)_6_(SO_4_)][Ca_2_Cl_2_][(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)]","[(Na,K)_6_(S^6+^O_4_)][Ca_2_Cl_2_][(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)]","Na K S O Ca Cl Si Al"," "," ",3159,"Cancrinite-sodalite, Cancrinite","hexagonal","P63","Na K S^6+ O Ca Cl Si Al","Msm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Midbarite","Midbarite","Ca3Mg2(V5+2Si)O12","Ca3Mg2(V2Si)O12","Ca_3_Mg_2_(V_2_Si)O_12_","Ca_3_Mg_2_(V^5+^_2_Si)O_12_","Ca Mg V Si O","IMA2023-110"," ",7457,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Mg V^5+ Si O","Mid",,"No" +"Middendorfite","Middendorfite","K3Na2Mn2+5Si12(O,OH)36·2H2O","K3Na2Mn5Si12(O,OH)36·2H2O","K_3_Na_2_Mn_5_Si_12_(O,OH)_36_·2H_2_O","K_3_Na_2_Mn^2+^_5_Si_12_(O,OH)_36_·2H_2_O","K Na Mn Si O H","IMA2005-028"," ",5424," ","monoclinic",,"K Na Mn^2+ Si O H","Mdd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Middlebackite","Middlebackite","Cu2+2(C2)6+O4(OH)2","Cu2C2O4(OH)2","Cu_2_C_2_O_4_(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^_2_(C_2_)^6+^O_4_(OH)_2_","Cu C O H","IMA2015-115"," ",6513,"Not in a structural group, Oxalate","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ C O H","Mbk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Mieite-(Y)","Mieite-(Y)","Y4Ti4+(SiO4)2O[F,(OH)]6","Y4Ti(SiO4)2O[F,(OH)]6","Y_4_Ti(SiO_4_)_2_O[F,(OH)]_6_","Y_4_Ti^4+^(SiO_4_)_2_O[F,(OH)]_6_","Y Ti Si O F H","IMA2014-020"," ",6331,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Y Ti^4+ Si O F H","Mi-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Miersite","Miersite","Ag1+I1-","AgI","AgI","Ag^1+^I^1-^","Ag I"," "," ",3160,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","Ag^1+ I^1-","Mier","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Miessiite","Miessiite","Pd11Te2Se2","Pd11Te2Se2","Pd_11_Te_2_Se_2_","Pd_11_Te_2_Se_2_","Pd Te Se","IMA2006-013"," ",5540,"Isomertieite","cubic","Fd3m","Pd Te Se","Mie","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Miguelromeroite","Miguelromeroite","Mn2+5(As5+O3OH)2(As5+O4)2(H2O)4","Mn5(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2(H2O)4","Mn_5_(AsO_3_OH)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","Mn^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","Mn As O H","IMA2008-066"," ",5726,"Hureaulite","monoclinic","C2/c","Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Mig","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Miharaite","Miharaite","Pb2+Cu1+4Fe3+Bi3+S2-6","PbCu4FeBiS6","PbCu_4_FeBiS_6_","Pb^2+^Cu^1+^_4_Fe^3+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_6_","Pb Cu Fe Bi S","IMA1976-012"," ",3161," ","orthorhombic","Pb21m","Pb^2+ Cu^1+ Fe^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Mih","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mikasaite","Mikasaite","Fe3+2(S6+O4)3","Fe3+2(SO4)3","Fe^3+^_2_(SO_4_)_3_","Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","Fe S O","IMA1992-015"," ",3162,"Millosevichite","hexagonal","R3","Fe^3+ S^6+ O","Mik","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Mikecoxite","Mikecoxite","[C4-Hg2+4]OCl2","[CHg4]OCl2","[CHg_4_]OCl_2_","[C^4-^Hg^2+^_4_]OCl_2_","C Hg O Cl","IMA2021-060"," ",7172,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","C^4- Hg^2+ O Cl","Mcx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Mikehowardite","Mikehowardite","Fe3+4(V5+O4)4(H2O)2·H2O","Fe3+4(V5+O4)4(H2O)2·H2O","Fe^3+^_4_(V^5+^O_4_)_4_(H_2_O)_2_·H_2_O","Fe^3+^_4_(V^5+^O_4_)_4_(H_2_O)_2_·H_2_O","Fe V O H","IMA2020-068"," ",7084,"Schubnelite","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ V^5+ O H","Mhw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mikenewite","Mikenewite","Mn2+(S4+O3)·3H2O","Mn2+(S4+O3)·3H2O","Mn^2+^(S^4+^O_3_)·3H_2_O","Mn^2+^(S^4+^O_3_)·3H_2_O","Mn S O H","IMA2022-102"," ",7307,"Albertiniite","monoclinic","P21/n","Mn^2+ S^4+ O H","Mnw",,"No" +"Milanriederite","Milanriederite","(Ca,REE)19Fe3+Al4(Mg,Al,Fe3+)8Si18O68(OH,O)10","(Ca,REE)19Fe3+Al4(Mg,Al,Fe3+)8Si18O68(OH,O)10","(Ca,REE)_19_Fe^3+^Al_4_(Mg,Al,Fe^3+^)_8_Si_18_O_68_(OH,O)_10_","(Ca,REE)_19_Fe^3+^Al_4_(Mg,Al,Fe^3+^)_8_Si_18_O_68_(OH,O)_10_","Ca REE Fe Al Mg Si O H","IMA2018-041"," ",6782,"Vesuvianite","tetragonal","P4/nnc","Ca REE Fe^3+ Al Mg Si O H","Mlrd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Milarite","Milarite","KCa2(Be2AlSi12O30)·H2O","KCa2(Be2AlSi12)O30·H2O","KCa_2_(Be_2_AlSi_12_)O_30_·H_2_O","KCa_2_(Be_2_AlSi_12_O_30_)·H_2_O","K Ca Be Al Si O H"," "," ",3163,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Ca Be Al Si O H","Mil","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Milkovoite","Milkovoite","Cu2+4O(PO4)(As5+O4)","Cu4O(PO4)(AsO4)","Cu_4_O(PO_4_)(AsO_4_)","Cu^2+^_4_O(PO_4_)(As^5+^O_4_)","Cu O P As","IMA2021-005"," ",7122,"Kozyrevskite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^2+ O P As^5+","Milk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Millerite","Millerite","NiS","NiS","NiS","NiS","Ni S"," "," ",3164,"Millerite","hexagonal","R3m, P63/mmc","Ni S","Mlr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Millisite","Millisite","NaCaAl6(PO4)4(OH)9·3H2O","NaCaAl6(PO4)4(OH)9·3H2O","NaCaAl_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_9_·3H_2_O","NaCaAl_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_9_·3H_2_O","Na Ca Al P O H"," "," ",3165,"Wardite",,,"Na Ca Al P O H","Mill","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Millosevichite","Millosevichite","Al2(S6+O4)3","Al2(SO4)3","Al_2_(SO_4_)_3_","Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","Al S O"," "," ",3166,"Millosevichite","hexagonal","R3","Al S^6+ O","Msv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Millsite","Millsite","Cu2+Te4+O3·2H2O","CuTeO3·2H2O","CuTeO_3_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^Te^4+^O_3_·2H_2_O","Cu Te O H","IMA2015-086"," ",6486," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Te^4+ O H","Mls","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Milotaite","Milotaite","Pd3+(SbSe)3-","PdSbSe","PdSbSe","Pd^3+^(SbSe)^3-^","Pd Sb Se","IMA2003-056"," ",5255,"Ullmannite","cubic","P213","Pd^3+ Sb Se","Mio","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mimetite","Mimetite","Pb2+5(As5+O4)3Cl","Pb5(AsO4)3Cl","Pb_5_(AsO_4_)_3_Cl","Pb^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_Cl","Pb As O Cl"," "," ",3167,"Apatite","hexagonal, monoclinic","P63/m, P21/b","Pb^2+ As^5+ O Cl","Mim","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Minakawaite","Minakawaite","RhSb","RhSb","RhSb","RhSb","Rh Sb","IMA2019-024"," ",6912,"Modderite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Rh Sb","Mka","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Minasragrite","Minasragrite","V4+O(S6+O4)·5H2O","V4+O(SO4)·5H2O","V^4+^O(SO_4_)·5H_2_O","V^4+^O(S^6+^O_4_)·5H_2_O","V O S H"," "," ",3170,"Minasragrite","monoclinic","P21/c","V^4+ O S^6+ H","Mra","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Mineevite-(Y)","Mineevite-(Y)","Na25BaY2(CO3)11(HCO3)4(S6+O4)2F2Cl","Na25BaY2(CO3)11(HCO3)4(SO4)2F2Cl","Na_25_BaY_2_(CO_3_)_11_(HCO_3_)_4_(SO_4_)_2_F_2_Cl","Na_25_BaY_2_(CO_3_)_11_(HCO_3_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_F_2_Cl","Na Ba Y C O H S F Cl","IMA1991-048"," ",3171," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Na Ba Y C O H S^6+ F Cl","Mev-Y","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Minehillite","Minehillite","(K,Na)2Ca28Zn2+5Al4Si40O112(OH)16","(K,Na)2Ca28Zn5Al4Si40O112(OH)16","(K,Na)_2_Ca_28_Zn_5_Al_4_Si_40_O_112_(OH)_16_","(K,Na)_2_Ca_28_Zn^2+^_5_Al_4_Si_40_O_112_(OH)_16_","K Na Ca Zn Al Si O H","IMA1983-001"," ",3172,"Gyrolite","hexagonal","P3c1","K Na Ca Zn^2+ Al Si O H","Mhl","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Minguzzite","Minguzzite","K3Fe3+((C2)6+O4)3·3H2O","K3Fe3+(C2O4)3·3H2O","K_3_Fe^3+^(C_2_O_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","K_3_Fe^3+^((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","K Fe C O H"," "," ",3173,"Oxalate","monoclinic","P21/c","K Fe^3+ C O H","Mzz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Minium","Minium","Pb2+2Pb4+O4","Pb2+2Pb4+O4","Pb^2+^_2_Pb^4+^O_4_","Pb^2+^_2_Pb^4+^O_4_","Pb O"," "," ",3174,"Minium","tetragonal, orthorhombic","P42/mbc, Pbam, P4b2","Pb^2+ Pb^4+ O","Mnm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Minjiangite","Minjiangite","BaBe2P2O8","BaBe2(PO4)2","BaBe_2_(PO_4_)_2_","BaBe_2_P_2_O_8_","Ba Be P O","IMA2013-021"," ",6183,"Cymrite","hexagonal","P6/mmm","Ba Be P O","Mjg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Minnesotaite","Minnesotaite","Fe2+3Si4O10(OH)2","Fe2+3Si4O10(OH)2","Fe^2+^_3_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","Fe^2+^_3_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","Fe Si O H"," "," ",3175,"Clay, Talc","triclinic","P1, P1","Fe^2+ Si O H","Mns","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Minohlite","Minohlite","(Cu2+,Zn2+)7(S6+O4)2(OH)10·8H2O","(Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10·8H2O","(Cu,Zn)_7_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_10_·8H_2_O","(Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^)_7_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_10_·8H_2_O","Cu Zn S O H","IMA2012-035"," ",6093," ","hexagonal",,"Cu^2+ Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Mnh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Minrecordite","Minrecordite","CaZn2+(CO3)2","CaZn(CO3)2","CaZn(CO_3_)_2_","CaZn^2+^(CO_3_)_2_","Ca Zn C O","IMA1980-096"," ",3176,"Calcite-Dolomite","hexagonal","R3","Ca Zn^2+ C O","Mrd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Minyulite","Minyulite","KAl2(PO4)2F·4H2O","KAl2(PO4)2F·4H2O","KAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_F·4H_2_O","KAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_F·4H_2_O","K Al P O F H","IMA2021 s.p."," ",3177," ","orthorhombic","Pba2","K Al P O F H","Myu","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mirabilite","Mirabilite","Na2S6+O4·10H2O","Na2(SO4)·10H2O","Na_2_(SO_4_)·10H_2_O","Na_2_S^6+^O_4_·10H_2_O","Na S O H"," "," ",3178," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na S^6+ O H","Mrb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Mirnyite","Mirnyite","SrZr4+(Ti4+12Cr3+6)Mg2O38","SrZr4+(Ti4+12Cr3+6)Mg2O38","SrZr^4+^(Ti^4+^_12_Cr^3+^_6_)Mg_2_O_38_","SrZr^4+^(Ti^4+^_12_Cr^3+^_6_)Mg_2_O_38_","Sr Zr Ti Cr Mg O","IMA2018-144a"," ",7057,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Sr Zr^4+ Ti^4+ Cr^3+ Mg O","Mny","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Misakiite","Misakiite","Cu2+3Mn2+(OH)6Cl2","Cu3Mn(OH)6Cl2","Cu_3_Mn(OH)_6_Cl_2_","Cu^2+^_3_Mn^2+^(OH)_6_Cl_2_","Cu Mn O H Cl","IMA2013-131"," ",6290,"Atacamite","hexagonal","P3m1","Cu^2+ Mn^2+ O H Cl","Msk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Misenite","Misenite","K8(S6+O4)(S6+O3OH)6","K8(SO4)(SO3OH)6","K_8_(SO_4_)(SO_3_OH)_6_","K_8_(S^6+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_3_OH)_6_","K S O H"," "," ",5148," ",,,"K S^6+ O H","Mse","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Miserite","Miserite","K1.5-x(Ca,Y,REE)5[Si6O15][Si2O7](OH,F)2·yH2O","K1.5-x(Ca,Y,REE)5[Si6O15][Si2O7](OH,F)2·yH2O","K_1.5-x_(Ca,Y,REE)_5_[Si_6_O_15_][Si_2_O_7_](OH,F)_2_·yH_2_O","K_1.5-x_(Ca,Y,REE)_5_[Si_6_O_15_][Si_2_O_7_](OH,F)_2_·yH_2_O","K Ca Y REE Si O H F"," "," ",3179," ","triclinic","P1","K Ca Y REE Si O H F","Mis","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Mitridatite","Mitridatite","Ca2Fe3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O","Ca2Fe3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_2_(PO_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_2_(PO_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Ca Fe O P H"," "," ",3180,"Arseniosiderite","hexagonal, monoclinic","Aa","Ca Fe^3+ O P H","Mit","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Mitrofanovite","Mitrofanovite","Pt3Te4","Pt3Te4","Pt_3_Te_4_","Pt_3_Te_4_","Pt Te","IMA2017-112"," ",6738," ","hexagonal","R3m","Pt Te","Mfv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Mitryaevaite","Mitryaevaite","Al5(PO4)2[(P,S6+)O3(OH,O)]2F2(OH)2·14.5H2O","Al5(PO4)2[(P,S)O3(OH,O)]2F2(OH)2·14.5H2O","Al_5_(PO_4_)_2_[(P,S)O_3_(OH,O)]_2_F_2_(OH)_2_·14.5H_2_O","Al_5_(PO_4_)_2_[(P,S^6+^)O_3_(OH,O)]_2_F_2_(OH)_2_·14.5H_2_O","Al P O S H F","IMA1991-035"," ",3181," ","triclinic","P1","Al P O S^6+ H F","Myv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mitscherlichite","Mitscherlichite","K2Cu2+Cl4·2H2O","K2CuCl4·2H2O","K_2_CuCl_4_·2H_2_O","K_2_Cu^2+^Cl_4_·2H_2_O","K Cu Cl H O"," "," ",3182," ","tetragonal","P42/mnm","K Cu^2+ Cl H O","Mits","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mixite","Mixite","Cu2+6Bi3+(As5+O4)3(OH)6·3H2O","Cu6Bi(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","Cu_6_Bi(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_Bi^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu Bi As O H"," "," ",3183,"Mixite","hexagonal","P63/m","Cu^2+ Bi^3+ As^5+ O H","Mix","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Miyahisaite","Miyahisaite","(Sr,Ca)2Ba3(PO4)3F","(Sr,Ca)2Ba3(PO4)3F","(Sr,Ca)_2_Ba_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","(Sr,Ca)_2_Ba_3_(PO_4_)_3_F","Sr Ca Ba P O F","IMA2011-043"," ",5971,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Sr Ca Ba P O F","Miy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Miyawakiite-(Y)","Miyawakiite-(Y)","☐Y4Fe2+2(Si8O20)(CO3)4(H2O)3","☐Y4Fe2(Si8O20)(CO3)4(H2O)3","[box]Y_4_Fe_2_(Si_8_O_20_)(CO_3_)_4_(H_2_O)_3_","[box]Y_4_Fe^2+^_2_(Si_8_O_20_)(CO_3_)_4_(H_2_O)_3_","Y Fe Si O C H","IMA2024-003"," ",7486,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I4/mcm","Y Fe^2+ Si O C H","Myw-Y",,"No" +"Mizraite-(Ce)","Mizraite-(Ce)","Ce3+(Al11Mg)O19","Ce(Al11Mg)O19","Ce(Al_11_Mg)O_19_","Ce^3+^(Al_11_Mg)O_19_","Ce Al Mg O","IMA2022-027"," ",7255,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ce^3+ Al Mg O","Miz-Ce","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Moabite","Moabite","Ni2+Fe3+(PO4)O","NiFe3+(PO4)O","NiFe^3+^(PO_4_)O","Ni^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)O","Ni Fe P O","IMA2020-092"," ",7107,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ni^2+ Fe^3+ P O","Mab","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Moctezumite","Moctezumite","Pb2+(U6+O2)(Te4+O3)2","Pb(UO2)(Te4+O3)2","Pb(UO_2_)(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_","Pb^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_","Pb U O Te","IMA1965-004"," ",3184," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ U^6+ O Te^4+","Moc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Modderite","Modderite","CoAs","CoAs","CoAs","CoAs","Co As"," "," ",3185,"Modderite","orthorhombic","Pnam, Pna21, Pbnm","Co As","Mod","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Modraite","Modraite","Ca19Fe2+Al4(Al6Fe2+2)(☐4)☐(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH)10","Ca19Fe2+Al4(Al6Fe2+2)(☐4)☐(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH)10","Ca_19_Fe^2+^Al_4_(Al_6_Fe^2+^_2_)([box]_4_)[box](SiO_4_)_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(OH)_10_","Ca_19_Fe^2+^Al_4_(Al_6_Fe^2+^_2_)([box]_4_)[box](SiO_4_)_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(OH)_10_","Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA2023-108a"," ",7484,"Vesuvianite","tetragonal","P4/nnc","Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Mdt",,"No" +"Moëloite","Moeloite","Pb2+6Sb3+6S2-14(S3)2-","Pb6Sb6S14(S)3","Pb_6_Sb_6_S_14_(S)_3_","Pb^2+^_6_Sb^3+^_6_S^2-^_14_(S_3_)^2-^","Pb Sb S","IMA1998-045"," ",3186," ","orthorhombic","P21221","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2- S","Moë","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mogánite","Moganite","SiO2·nH2O","SiO2·nH2O","SiO_2_·nH_2_O","SiO_2_·nH_2_O","Si O H","IMA1999-035"," ",3187," ","monoclinic","I2/a","Si O H","Mog","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks","No" +"Mogovidite","Mogovidite","Na9(Ca,Na)12Fe3+2Zr4+3Si25O72(CO3)(OH)4","Na9(Ca,Na)12Fe2Zr3Si25O72(CO3)(OH)4","Na_9_(Ca,Na)_12_Fe_2_Zr_3_Si_25_O_72_(CO_3_)(OH)_4_","Na_9_(Ca,Na)_12_Fe^3+^_2_Zr^4+^_3_Si_25_O_72_(CO_3_)(OH)_4_","Na Ca Fe Zr Si O C H","IMA2004-040"," ",5290,"Eudialyte","hexagonal",,"Na Ca Fe^3+ Zr^4+ Si O C H","Mgo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Mohite","Mohite","Cu1+2Sn4+S2-3","Cu2SnS3","Cu_2_SnS_3_","Cu^1+^_2_Sn^4+^S^2-^_3_","Cu Sn S","IMA1981-015"," ",3188,"Diamond-Sphalerite","triclinic","P1","Cu^1+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Moh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Möhnite","Mohnite","(N3-H4)K2Na(S6+O4)2","(NH4)K2Na(SO4)2","(NH_4_)K_2_Na(SO_4_)_2_","(N^3-^H_4_)K_2_Na(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","N H K Na S O","IMA2014-101"," ",6399,"Aphthitalite","hexagonal","P3m1","N^3- H K Na S^6+ O","Möh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Mohrite","Mohrite","(N3-H4)2Fe2+(S6+O4)2·6H2O","(NH4)2Fe2+(SO4)2·6H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Fe^2+^(SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Fe^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","N H Fe S O","IMA1964-023"," ",3189,"Picromerite","monoclinic","P21/a","N^3- H Fe^2+ S^6+ O","Mhr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Moiraite","Moiraite","Pb2+12Sb3+8As3+8S2-36","Pb12Sb8As8S36","Pb_12_Sb_8_As_8_S_36_","Pb^2+^_12_Sb^3+^_8_As^3+^_8_S^2-^_36_","Pb Sb As S","IMA2024-028"," ",7542,"Sartorite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Moir",,"No" +"Moissanite","Moissanite","Si4+C4-","SiC","SiC","Si^4+^C^4-^","Si C"," "," ",3190,"Wurtzite","hexagonal, cubic","P63mc, F43m, P63","Si^4+ C^4-","Moi","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM29 - Lightning-generated minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Mojaveite","Mojaveite","Cu2+6[Te6+O4(OH)2](OH)7Cl","Cu6[Te6+O4(OH)2](OH)7Cl","Cu_6_[Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_2_](OH)_7_Cl","Cu^2+^_6_[Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_2_](OH)_7_Cl","Cu Te O H Cl","IMA2013-120"," ",6280," ","hexagonal","R3","Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H Cl","Moj","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Molinelloite","Molinelloite","Cu2+(H2O)(OH)V4+O(V5+O4)","Cu(H2O)(OH)V4+O(V5+O4)","Cu(H_2_O)(OH)V^4+^O(V^5+^O_4_)","Cu^2+^(H_2_O)(OH)V^4+^O(V^5+^O_4_)","Cu H O V","IMA2016-055"," ",6582," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ H O V^4+ V^5+","Mnl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Moluranite","Moluranite","H4U4+(U6+O2)3(Mo6+O4)7·18H2O","H4U4+(UO2)3(MoO4)7·18H2O","H_4_U^4+^(UO_2_)_3_(MoO_4_)_7_·18H_2_O","H_4_U^4+^(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(Mo^6+^O_4_)_7_·18H_2_O","H U O Mo"," "," ",3191," ",,,"H U^4+ U^6+ O Mo^6+","Mlu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Molybdenite","Molybdenite","Mo4+S2-2","MoS2","MoS_2_","Mo^4+^S^2-^_2_","Mo S"," "," ",3192,"Molybdenite","hexagonal","P63/mmc, R3m","Mo^4+ S^2-","Mol","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Molybdite","Molybdite","Mo6+O3","MoO3","MoO_3_","Mo^6+^O_3_","Mo O","IMA1963 s.p."," ",3193," ","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Mo^6+ O","Myb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Molybdofornacite","Molybdofornacite","Cu2+Pb2+2Mo6+O4As5+O4(OH)","CuPb2(MoO4)(AsO4)(OH)","CuPb_2_(MoO_4_)(AsO_4_)(OH)","Cu^2+^Pb^2+^_2_Mo^6+^O_4_As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Cu Pb Mo O As H","IMA1982-062"," ",3194,"Fornacite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Mo^6+ O As^5+ H","Mfor","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Molybdomenite","Molybdomenite","Pb2+Se4+O3","PbSe4+O3","PbSe^4+^O_3_","Pb^2+^Se^4+^O_3_","Pb Se O","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3195,"Molybdomenite","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/m","Pb^2+ Se^4+ O","Mdm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Molybdophyllite","Molybdophyllite","Pb2+8Mg9[Si10O30(OH)8(CO3)3]·H2O","Pb8Mg9[Si10O28(OH)8O2(CO3)3]·H2O","Pb_8_Mg_9_[Si_10_O_28_(OH)_8_O_2_(CO_3_)_3_]·H_2_O","Pb^2+^_8_Mg_9_[Si_10_O_30_(OH)_8_(CO_3_)_3_]·H_2_O","Pb Mg Si O H C"," "," ",3196,"Molybdophyllite","triclinic, monoclinic","C2","Pb^2+ Mg Si O H C","Mdp","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Molysite","Molysite","Fe3+Cl3","FeCl3","FeCl_3_","Fe^3+^Cl_3_","Fe Cl"," "," ",3197," ","hexagonal","R3","Fe^3+ Cl","My","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Momoiite","Momoiite","Mn2+3V3+2(SiO4)3","Mn2+3V3+2(SiO4)3","Mn^2+^_3_V^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Mn^2+^_3_V^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Mn V Si O","IMA2009-026"," ",5761,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Mn^2+ V^3+ Si O","Mom","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Monazite-(Ce)","Monazite-(Ce)","Ce3+PO4","Ce(PO4)","Ce(PO_4_)","Ce^3+^PO_4_","Ce P O","IMA1966 s.p."," ",3198,"Monazite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ce^3+ P O","Mnz-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Monazite-(Gd)","Monazite-(Gd)","Gd(PO4)","Gd(PO4)","Gd(PO_4_)","Gd(PO_4_)","Gd P O","IMA2022-055"," ",7280,"Monazite","monoclinic","P21/n","Gd P O","Mnz-Gd",,"No" +"Monazite-(La)","Monazite-(La)","LaPO4","La(PO4)","La(PO_4_)","LaPO_4_","La P O","IMA1966 s.p."," ",3199,"Monazite","monoclinic","P21/n","La P O","Mnz-La","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Monazite-(Nd)","Monazite-(Nd)","NdPO4","Nd(PO4)","Nd(PO_4_)","NdPO_4_","Nd P O","IMA1986-052"," ",3200,"Monazite","monoclinic","P21/n","Nd P O","Mnz-Nd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Monazite-(Sm)","Monazite-(Sm)","SmPO4","Sm(PO4)","Sm(PO_4_)","SmPO_4_","Sm P O","IMA2001-001"," ",3201,"Monazite","monoclinic","P21/n","Sm P O","Mnz-Sm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Moncheite","Moncheite","Pt(Te,Bi)2","Pt(Te,Bi)2","Pt(Te,Bi)_2_","Pt(Te,Bi)_2_","Pt Te Bi","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3202,"Melonite","hexagonal","P3m1","Pt Te Bi","Mon","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Monchetundraite","Monchetundraite","Pd2NiTe2","Pd2NiTe2","Pd_2_NiTe_2_","Pd_2_NiTe_2_","Pd Ni Te","IMA2019-020"," ",6908,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Ibam","Pd Ni Te","Mtdr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Monetite","Monetite","Ca(PO3OH)","Ca(PO3OH)","Ca(PO_3_OH)","Ca(PO_3_OH)","Ca P O H"," "," ",3203," ","triclinic","P1","Ca P O H","Mnti","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Mongolite","Mongolite","Ca4Nb5+6Si5O24(OH)10·6H2O","Ca4Nb6Si5O24(OH)10·6H2O","Ca_4_Nb_6_Si_5_O_24_(OH)_10_·6H_2_O","Ca_4_Nb^5+^_6_Si_5_O_24_(OH)_10_·6H_2_O","Ca Nb Si O H","IMA1983-027"," ",3204," ","tetragonal",,"Ca Nb^5+ Si O H","Mgl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Monimolite","Monimolite","Pb2+2Sb5+2O7","Pb2Sb5+2O7","Pb_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_","Pb^2+^_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_","Pb Sb O","IMA2013 s.p."," ",3205,"Pyrochlore",,,"Pb^2+ Sb^5+ O","Mml","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Monipite","Monipite","MoNiP","MoNiP","MoNiP","MoNiP","Mo Ni P","IMA2007-033"," ",5633,"Barringerite","hexagonal","P62m","Mo Ni P","Mnp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Monohydrocalcite","Monohydrocalcite","CaCO3·H2O","Ca(CO3)·H2O","Ca(CO_3_)·H_2_O","CaCO_3_·H_2_O","Ca C O H"," "," ",3206," ","hexagonal","P31, P3121","Ca C O H","Mhcal","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Montanite","Montanite","Bi3+2Te6+O6·nH2O (0 ≤ n ≤ 2/3)","Bi3+2Te6+O6·nH2O (0 ≤ n ≤ 2/3)","Bi^3+^_2_Te^6+^O_6_·nH_2_O (0 ≤ n ≤ 2/3)","Bi^3+^_2_Te^6+^O_6_·nH_2_O (0 ≤ n ≤ 2/3)","Bi Te O H","IMA2022 s.p."," ",3207," ",,,"Bi^3+ Te^6+ O H","Mta","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Montbrayite","Montbrayite","(Au,Ag,Sb,Bi,Pb)23(Te,Sb,Bi,Pb)38","(Au,Ag,Sb,Bi,Pb)23(Te,Sb,Bi,Pb)38","(Au,Ag,Sb,Bi,Pb)_23_(Te,Sb,Bi,Pb)_38_","(Au,Ag,Sb,Bi,Pb)_23_(Te,Sb,Bi,Pb)_38_","Au Ag Sb Bi Pb Te","IMA2017 s.p."," ",3208," ","triclinic","P1","Au Ag Sb Bi Pb Te","Mnb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Montdorite","Montdorite","KFe2+1.5Mn2+0.5Mg0.5Si4O10(F,OH)2","KFe2+1.5Mn2+0.5Mg0.5Si4O10(F,OH)2","KFe^2+^_1.5_Mn^2+^_0.5_Mg_0.5_Si_4_O_10_(F,OH)_2_","KFe^2+^_1.5_Mn^2+^_0.5_Mg_0.5_Si_4_O_10_(F,OH)_2_","K Fe Mn Mg Si O F H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",3209,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","K Fe^2+ Mn^2+ Mg Si O F H","Mdr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Montebrasite","Montebrasite","LiAlPO4(OH)","LiAl(PO4)(OH)","LiAl(PO_4_)(OH)","LiAlPO_4_(OH)","Li Al P O H"," "," ",3210,"Titanite-Amblygonite","triclinic","C1","Li Al P O H","Mbs","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Monteneroite","Monteneroite","Cu2+Mn2+2(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Cu2+Mn2+2(AsO4)2·8H2O","Cu^2+^Mn^2+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Cu^2+^Mn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Cu Mn As O H","IMA2020-028"," ",7038,"Vivianite","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^2+ Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Mte","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Monteneveite","Monteneveite","Ca3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12","Ca3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12","Ca_3_Sb^5+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2_Fe^2+^)O_12_","Ca_3_Sb^5+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2_Fe^2+^)O_12_","Ca Sb Fe O","IMA2018-060"," ",6794,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Sb^5+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ O","Mtv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Monteponite","Monteponite","Cd2+O","CdO","CdO","Cd^2+^O","Cd O"," "," ",3211,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Cd^2+ O","Mtp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Monteregianite-(Y)","Monteregianite-(Y)","KNa2YSi8O19·5H2O","KNa2YSi8O19·5H2O","KNa_2_YSi_8_O_19_·5H_2_O","KNa_2_YSi_8_O_19_·5H_2_O","K Na Y Si O H","IMA1972-026, IMA1987 s.p."," ",3212,"Rhodesite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Bmab, C21/a, P21/n","K Na Y Si O H","Mreg-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Montesommaite","Montesommaite","K9(Si23Al9)O64·10H2O","K9(Si23Al9)O64·10H2O","K_9_(Si_23_Al_9_)O_64_·10H_2_O","K_9_(Si_23_Al_9_)O_64_·10H_2_O","K Si Al O H","IMA1988-038"," ",3213," ","tetragonal","I41/amd","K Si Al O H","Mtso","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Montetrisaite","Montetrisaite","Cu2+6(S6+O4)(OH)10·2H2O","Cu6(SO4)(OH)10·2H2O","Cu_6_(SO_4_)(OH)_10_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_10_·2H_2_O","Cu S O H","IMA2007-009"," ",5576," ","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Mttr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Montgomeryite","Montgomeryite","Ca4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O","Ca4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O","Ca_4_MgAl_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Ca_4_MgAl_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Ca Mg Al P O H"," "," ",3214,"Calcioferrite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mg Al P O H","Mgm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation","No" +"Monticellite","Monticellite","CaMgSiO4","CaMg(SiO4)","CaMg(SiO_4_)","CaMgSiO_4_","Ca Mg Si O"," "," ",3215,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Ca Mg Si O","Mtc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Montmorillonite","Montmorillonite","(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O","(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O","(Na,Ca)_0.3_(Al,Mg)_2_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O","(Na,Ca)_0.3_(Al,Mg)_2_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O","Na Ca Al Mg Si O H"," "," ",3216,"Clay, Smectite-vermiculite","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, C2/m","Na Ca Al Mg Si O H","Mnt","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Montpelvouxite","Montpelvouxite","Ag1+Pb2+16Sb3+27As3+18S2-84","AgPb16Sb27As18S84","AgPb_16_Sb_27_As_18_S_84_","Ag^1+^Pb^2+^_16_Sb^3+^_27_As^3+^_18_S^2-^_84_","Ag Pb Sb As S","IMA2022-137"," ",7349,"Zinkenite","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Mpv",,"No" +"Montroseite","Montroseite","(V3+,Fe2+,V4+)O(OH)","(V3+,Fe2+,V4+)O(OH)","(V^3+^,Fe^2+^,V^4+^)O(OH)","(V^3+^,Fe^2+^,V^4+^)O(OH)","V Fe O H"," "," ",3217,"Diaspore","orthorhombic","Pbnm","V^3+ Fe^2+ V^4+ O H","Mto","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Montroyalite","Montroyalite","Sr4Al8(CO3)3(OH)26·10H2O","Sr4Al8(CO3)3(OH)26·10H2O","Sr_4_Al_8_(CO_3_)_3_(OH)_26_·10H_2_O","Sr_4_Al_8_(CO_3_)_3_(OH)_26_·10H_2_O","Sr Al C O H","IMA1985-001"," ",3218," ",,,"Sr Al C O H","Mtyl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Montroydite","Montroydite","Hg2+O","HgO","HgO","Hg^2+^O","Hg O"," "," ",3219," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Hg^2+ O","Mtyd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mooihoekite","Mooihoekite","Cu9Fe9S16","Cu9Fe9S16","Cu_9_Fe_9_S_16_","Cu_9_Fe_9_S_16_","Cu Fe S","IMA1971-019"," ",3220,"Chalcopyrite","tetragonal","P42m","Cu Fe S","Mho","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Moolooite","Moolooite","Cu2+(C2)6+O4·nH2O","Cu(C2O4)·nH2O","Cu(C_2_O_4_)·nH_2_O","Cu^2+^(C_2_)^6+^O_4_·nH_2_O","Cu C O H","IMA1980-082"," ",3221,"Oxalate","orthorhombic",,"Cu^2+ C O H","Moo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Mooreite","Mooreite","Mg15(S6+O4)2(OH)26·8H2O","Mg15(SO4)2(OH)26·8H2O","Mg_15_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_26_·8H_2_O","Mg_15_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_26_·8H_2_O","Mg S O H"," "," ",3222,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/m, P21/a","Mg S^6+ O H","Mre","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Moorhouseite","Moorhouseite","Co2+S6+O4·6H2O","Co(SO4)·6H2O","Co(SO_4_)·6H_2_O","Co^2+^S^6+^O_4_·6H_2_O","Co S O H","IMA1963-008"," ",3223,"Hexahydrite","monoclinic","C2/c","Co^2+ S^6+ O H","Mh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Mopungite","Mopungite","NaSb5+(OH)6","NaSb5+(OH)6","NaSb^5+^(OH)_6_","NaSb^5+^(OH)_6_","Na Sb O H","IMA1982-020"," ",3224,"Perovskite","tetragonal","P42/n","Na Sb^5+ O H","Mop","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Moraesite","Moraesite","Be2PO4(OH)·4H2O","Be2(PO4)(OH)·4H2O","Be_2_(PO_4_)(OH)·4H_2_O","Be_2_PO_4_(OH)·4H_2_O","Be P O H"," "," ",3225," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Be P O H","Mae","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Moragite","Moragite","Ca3Ti4+Si2(Al2Si)O14","Ca3TiSi2(Al2Si)O14","Ca_3_TiSi_2_(Al_2_Si)O_14_","Ca_3_Ti^4+^Si_2_(Al_2_Si)O_14_","Ca Ti Si Al O","IMA2023-088"," ",7436,"Paqueite","hexagonal","P321","Ca Ti^4+ Si Al O","Mora",,"No" +"Moraskoite","Moraskoite","Na2Mg(PO4)F","Na2Mg(PO4)F","Na_2_Mg(PO_4_)F","Na_2_Mg(PO_4_)F","Na Mg P O F","IMA2013-084"," ",6243,"Moraskoite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Na Mg P O F","Mok","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Mordenite","Mordenite","(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96·28H2O","(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96·28H2O","(Na_2_,Ca,K_2_)_4_(Al_8_Si_40_)O_96_·28H_2_O","(Na_2_,Ca,K_2_)_4_(Al_8_Si_40_)O_96_·28H_2_O","Na Ca K Al Si O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",3226,"Mordenite","orthorhombic","Cmc21, Cmcm","Na Ca K Al Si O H","Mor","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Moreauite","Moreauite","Al3(U6+O2)(PO4)3(OH)2·13H2O","Al3(UO2)(PO4)3(OH)2·13H2O","Al_3_(UO_2_)(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_·13H_2_O","Al_3_(U^6+^O_2_)(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_·13H_2_O","Al U O P H","IMA1984-010"," ",3227," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Al U^6+ O P H","Moa","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Morelandite","Morelandite","Ca2Ba3(As5+O4)3Cl","Ca2Ba3(AsO4)3Cl","Ca_2_Ba_3_(AsO_4_)_3_Cl","Ca_2_Ba_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_Cl","Ca Ba As O Cl","IMA1977-035"," ",3228,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Ba As^5+ O Cl","Mldt","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Morenosite","Morenosite","Ni2+S6+O4·7H2O","Ni(SO4)·7H2O","Ni(SO_4_)·7H_2_O","Ni^2+^S^6+^O_4_·7H_2_O","Ni S O H"," "," ",3229,"Epsomite","orthorhombic","P212121","Ni^2+ S^6+ O H","Mren","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Morimotoite","Morimotoite","Ca3Ti4+Fe2+Si3O12","Ca3(TiFe2+)(SiO4)3","Ca_3_(TiFe^2+^)(SiO_4_)_3_","Ca_3_Ti^4+^Fe^2+^Si_3_O_12_","Ca Ti Fe Si O","IMA1992-017"," ",3230,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Ti^4+ Fe^2+ Si O","Mmt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Morinite","Morinite","NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4·2H2O","NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4·2H2O","NaCa_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)F_4_·2H_2_O","NaCa_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)F_4_·2H_2_O","Na Ca Al P O H F","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3231," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Na Ca Al P O H F","Mori","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Morleyite","Morleyite","Ag1+2Cu1+Pb2+25Sb3+24As3+4S2-68.5","Ag2CuPb25Sb24As4S68.5","Ag_2_CuPb_25_Sb_24_As_4_S_68.5_","Ag^1+^_2_Cu^1+^Pb^2+^_25_Sb^3+^_24_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_68.5_","Ag Cu Pb Sb As S","IMA2024-076"," ",7530,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Myt",,"No" +"Morningstarite","Morningstarite","Na(W6+2.67Fe3+0.33)O9·H2O","Na(W2.67Fe3+0.33)O9·H2O","Na(W_2.67_Fe^3+^_0.33_)O_9_·H_2_O","Na(W^6+^_2.67_Fe^3+^_0.33_)O_9_·H_2_O","Na W Fe O H","IMA2024-081"," ",7532,"Wumuite","hexagonal","P6/mmm","Na W^6+ Fe^3+ O H","Mnsr",,"No" +"Morozeviczite","Morozeviczite","Pb3Ge1-xS4","Pb3Ge1-xS4","Pb_3_Ge_1-x_S_4_","Pb_3_Ge_1-x_S_4_","Pb Ge S","IMA1974-036"," ",3232," ",,,"Pb Ge S","Mzv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Morrisonite","Morrisonite","Ca11(As3+V4+2V5+10As5+6O51)2·78H2O","Ca11(As3+V4+2V5+10As5+6O51)2·78H2O","Ca_11_(As^3+^V^4+^_2_V^5+^_10_As^5+^_6_O_51_)_2_·78H_2_O","Ca_11_(As^3+^V^4+^_2_V^5+^_10_As^5+^_6_O_51_)_2_·78H_2_O","Ca As V O H","IMA2014-088"," ",6386,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca As^3+ V^4+ V^5+ As^5+ O H","Mris","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mosandrite-(Ce)","Mosandrite-(Ce)","Ca2(CaCe3+)[(H2O)2Ca0.5☐0.5]Ti4+(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2","Ca2(CaCe)[(H2O)2Ca0.5☐0.5]Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2","Ca_2_(CaCe)[(H_2_O)_2_Ca_0.5_[box]_0.5_]Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Ca_2_(CaCe^3+^)[(H_2_O)_2_Ca_0.5_[box]_0.5_]Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Ca Ce H O Ti Si","IMA2016 s.p."," ",5004,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Ce^3+ H O Ti^4+ Si","Msd-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Moschelite","Moschelite","Hg1+I1-","HgI","HgI","Hg^1+^I^1-^","Hg I","IMA1987-038"," ",3233," ","tetragonal","I4m2, P42/mnm, I4/mmm","Hg^1+ I^1-","Msch","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Moschellandsbergite","Moschellandsbergite","Ag2Hg3","Ag2Hg3","Ag_2_Hg_3_","Ag_2_Hg_3_","Ag Hg"," "," ",3234," ","cubic","I23","Ag Hg","Mlb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mosesite","Mosesite","(Hg2+2N3-)Cl","(Hg2N)Cl","(Hg_2_N)Cl","(Hg^2+^_2_N^3-^)Cl","Hg N Cl"," "," ",3235," ","cubic",,"Hg^2+ N^3- Cl","Mos","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Moskvinite-(Y)","Moskvinite-(Y)","Na2KYSi6O15","Na2KYSi6O15","Na_2_KYSi_6_O_15_","Na_2_KYSi_6_O_15_","Na K Y Si O","IMA2002-031"," ",3236," ","orthorhombic","Ibmm","Na K Y Si O","Mskv-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Mössbauerite","Mossbauerite","Fe3+6O4(OH)8(CO3)·3H2O","Fe3+6O4(OH)8(CO3)·3H2O","Fe^3+^_6_O_4_(OH)_8_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Fe^3+^_6_O_4_(OH)_8_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Fe O H C","IMA2012-049"," ",6106,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P3m1","Fe^3+ O H C","Msb","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mottanaite-(Ce)","Mottanaite-(Ce)","Ca4Ce3+2Al(Be1.5☐0.5)[B4Si4O22]O2","Ca4Ce2Al(Be1.5☐0.5)Σ2[B4Si4O22]O2","Ca_4_Ce_2_Al(Be_1.5_[box]_0.5_)_Σ2_[B_4_Si_4_O_22_]O_2_","Ca_4_Ce^3+^_2_Al(Be_1.5_[box]_0.5_)[B_4_Si_4_O_22_]O_2_","Ca Ce Al Be B Si O","IMA2001-020"," ",3237,"Hellandite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Ce^3+ Al Be B Si O","Mot-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Mottramite","Mottramite","Pb2+Cu2+V5+O4(OH)","PbCu(VO4)(OH)","PbCu(VO_4_)(OH)","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^V^5+^O_4_(OH)","Pb Cu V O H"," "," ",3238,"Descloizite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pnam","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ V^5+ O H","Mott","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Motukoreaite","Motukoreaite","Mg6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](S6+O4)2·6H2O","Mg6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2·6H2O","Mg_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_[Na(H_2_O)_6_](SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Mg_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_[Na(H_2_O)_6_](S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Mg Al O H Na S","IMA1976-033"," ",3239,"Woodwardite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Al O H Na S^6+","Mtu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Mounanaite","Mounanaite","Pb2+Fe3+2(V5+O4)2(OH)2","PbFe3+2(VO4)2(OH)2","PbFe^3+^_2_(VO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb Fe V O H","IMA1968-031"," ",3240,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ V^5+ O H","Mun","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mountainite","Mountainite","KNa2Ca2[Si8O19(OH)]·6H2O","KNa2Ca2[Si8O19(OH)]·6H2O","KNa_2_Ca_2_[Si_8_O_19_(OH)]·6H_2_O","KNa_2_Ca_2_[Si_8_O_19_(OH)]·6H_2_O","K Na Ca Si O H"," "," ",3241," ","monoclinic","P2/c","K Na Ca Si O H","Mtn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Mountkeithite","Mountkeithite","(Mg1-xFe3+x)(S6+O4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Mg1-xFe3+x)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Mg_1-x_Fe^3+^_x_)(SO_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Mg_1-x_Fe^3+^_x_)(S^6+^O_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","Mg Fe S O H","IMA1980-038"," ",3242,"Woodwardite, Hydrotalcite","hexagonal",,"Mg Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Mke","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mourite","Mourite","U6+O2Mo6+5O16·5H2O","(UO2)(Mo6+)5O16·5H2O","(UO_2_)(Mo^6+^)_5_O_16_·5H_2_O","U^6+^O_2_Mo^6+^_5_O_16_·5H_2_O","U O Mo H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3243," ","monoclinic",,"U^6+ O Mo^6+ H","Mou","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Moxuanxueite","Moxuanxueite","NaCa6Zr4+(Si2O7)2OF3","NaCa6Zr(Si2O7)2OF3","NaCa_6_Zr(Si_2_O_7_)_2_OF_3_","NaCa_6_Zr^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_OF_3_","Na Ca Zr Si O F","IMA2019-100, IMA2022 s.p."," ",7060,"Wöhlerite","triclinic","P1, P1","Na Ca Zr^4+ Si O F","Mox","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Moydite-(Y)","Moydite-(Y)","YB(OH)4CO3","YB(OH)4(CO3)","YB(OH)_4_(CO_3_)","YB(OH)_4_CO_3_","Y B O H C","IMA1985-025, IMA1987 s.p."," ",3244," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Y B O H C","Moy-Y","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Mozartite","Mozartite","CaMn3+SiO4(OH)","CaMn3+(SiO4)(OH)","CaMn^3+^(SiO_4_)(OH)","CaMn^3+^SiO_4_(OH)","Ca Mn Si O H","IMA1991-016"," ",3245,"Adelite","orthorhombic","P212121","Ca Mn^3+ Si O H","Moz","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Mozgovaite","Mozgovaite","Pb2+Bi3+4S2-7","PbBi4S7","PbBi_4_S_7_","Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_4_S^2-^_7_","Pb Bi S","IMA1998-060"," ",3246," ","orthorhombic","Bbmm","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Mzg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mpororoite","Mpororoite","Al2O(W6+O4)2·6H2O","Al2O(WO4)2·6H2O","Al_2_O(WO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Al_2_O(W^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Al O W H","IMA1970-037"," ",3247,"Anthoinite","monoclinic, triclinic",,"Al O W^6+ H","Mpo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mrázekite","Mrazekite","Bi3+2Cu2+3(PO4)2O2(OH)2·2H2O","Bi2Cu3(PO4)2O2(OH)2·2H2O","Bi_2_Cu_3_(PO_4_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Bi^3+^_2_Cu^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Bi Cu P O H","IMA1990-045"," ",3248," ","monoclinic","C2/m, P21/n","Bi^3+ Cu^2+ P O H","Mrz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mroseite","Mroseite","CaTe4+O2(CO3)","CaTe4+O2(CO3)","CaTe^4+^O_2_(CO_3_)","CaTe^4+^O_2_(CO_3_)","Ca Te O C","IMA1974-032"," ",3249," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ca Te^4+ O C","Mros","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mückeite","Muckeite","Cu1+Ni2+Bi3+S2-3","CuNiBiS3","CuNiBiS_3_","Cu^1+^Ni^2+^Bi^3+^S^2-^_3_","Cu Ni Bi S","IMA1988-018"," ",3250,"Lapieite","orthorhombic","P212121","Cu^1+ Ni^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Müc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Muirite","Muirite","Ba10Ca2Mn2+Ti4+Si10O30(OH,Cl,F)10","Ba10Ca2Mn2+TiSi10O30(OH,Cl,F)10","Ba_10_Ca_2_Mn^2+^TiSi_10_O_30_(OH,Cl,F)_10_","Ba_10_Ca_2_Mn^2+^Ti^4+^Si_10_O_30_(OH,Cl,F)_10_","Ba Ca Mn Ti Si O H Cl F","IMA1964-013"," ",3251,"Muirite","tetragonal","P4/mmm","Ba Ca Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H Cl F","Mui","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Mukhinite","Mukhinite","Ca2Al2V3+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","Ca2(Al2V3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","Ca_2_(Al_2_V^3+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","Ca_2_Al_2_V^3+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Al V Si O H","IMA1968-035"," ",3252,"Clinozoisite, Epidote","monoclinic",,"Ca Al V^3+ Si O H","Muk","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Müllerite","Mullerite","Pb2+2Fe3+(Te6+O6)Cl","Pb2Fe3+(Te6+O6)Cl","Pb_2_Fe^3+^(Te^6+^O_6_)Cl","Pb^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(Te^6+^O_6_)Cl","Pb Fe Te O Cl","IMA2019-060"," ",6948,"Backite","hexagonal","P312","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Te^6+ O Cl","Mül","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mullite","Mullite","Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x (x ≈ 0.4)","Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x (x ≈ 0.4)","Al_4+2x_Si_2-2x_O_10-x_ (x ≈ 0.4)","Al_4+2x_Si_2-2x_O_10-x_ (x ≈ 0.4)","Al Si O"," "," ",3253," ","orthorhombic","Pbam","Al Si O","Mul","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Mummeite","Mummeite","Cu1+0.58Ag1+3.11Pb2+1.10Bi3+6.65S2-13","Cu0.58Ag3.11Pb1.10Bi6.65S13","Cu_0.58_Ag_3.11_Pb_1.10_Bi_6.65_S_13_","Cu^1+^_0.58_Ag^1+^_3.11_Pb^2+^_1.10_Bi^3+^_6.65_S^2-^_13_","Cu Ag Pb Bi S","IMA1986-025"," ",3254,"Pavonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Mum","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Munakataite","Munakataite","Pb2+2Cu2+2(Se4+O3)S6+O4(OH)4","Pb2Cu2(Se4+O3)(SO4)(OH)4","Pb_2_Cu_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)(SO_4_)(OH)_4_","Pb^2+^_2_Cu^2+^_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)S^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_","Pb Cu Se O S H","IMA2007-012"," ",5618,"Linarite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Se^4+ O S^6+ H","Mkat","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mundite","Mundite","Al(U6+O2)3(PO4)2(OH)3·5.5H2O","Al(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)3·5.5H2O","Al(UO_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5.5H_2_O","Al(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5.5H_2_O","Al U O P H","IMA1980-075"," ",3255," ","orthorhombic",,"Al U^6+ O P H","Mud","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Mundrabillaite","Mundrabillaite","(N3-H4)2Ca(PO3OH)2·H2O","(NH4)2Ca(PO3OH)2·H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Ca(PO_3_OH)_2_·H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Ca(PO_3_OH)_2_·H_2_O","N H Ca P O","IMA1978-058"," ",3256," ","monoclinic",,"N^3- H Ca P O","Mb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Munirite","Munirite","NaV5+O3·1.9H2O","NaV5+O3·1.9H2O","NaV^5+^O_3_·1.9H_2_O","NaV^5+^O_3_·1.9H_2_O","Na V O H","IMA1982-038"," ",3257," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Na V^5+ O H","Mni","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Muonionalustaite","Muonionalustaite","Ni2+3(OH)4Cl2·4H2O","Ni3(OH)4Cl2·4H2O","Ni_3_(OH)_4_Cl_2_·4H_2_O","Ni^2+^_3_(OH)_4_Cl_2_·4H_2_O","Ni O H Cl","IMA2020-010"," ",7026," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ni^2+ O H Cl","Muo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Murakamiite","Murakamiite","Ca2LiSi3O8(OH)","Ca2LiSi3O8(OH)","Ca_2_LiSi_3_O_8_(OH)","Ca_2_LiSi_3_O_8_(OH)","Ca Li Si O H","IMA2016-066"," ",6595,"Pectolite","triclinic","P1","Ca Li Si O H","Mkm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Murashkoite","Murashkoite","FeP","FeP","FeP","FeP","Fe P","IMA2012-071"," ",6125,"Nickeline","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pbnm","Fe P","Muh","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Murataite-(Y)","Murataite-(Y)","(Y,Na)6Zn2+(Zn2+,Fe3+)4(Ti4+,Nb5+,Na)12O29(O,F,OH)10F4","(Y,Na)6Zn(Zn,Fe3+)4(Ti,Nb,Na)12O29(O,F,OH)10F4","(Y,Na)_6_Zn(Zn,Fe^3+^)_4_(Ti,Nb,Na)_12_O_29_(O,F,OH)_10_F_4_","(Y,Na)_6_Zn^2+^(Zn^2+^,Fe^3+^)_4_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^,Na)_12_O_29_(O,F,OH)_10_F_4_","Y Na Zn Fe Ti Nb O F H","IMA1972-007"," ",3258," ","cubic","F43m","Y Na Zn^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O F H","Mrat-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Murchisite","Murchisite","Cr5S6","Cr5S6","Cr_5_S_6_","Cr_5_S_6_","Cr S","IMA2010-003"," ",5830," ","hexagonal","P31c","Cr S","Mur","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Murdochite","Murdochite","Cu2+12Pb4+2O15Cl2","Cu12Pb2O15Cl2","Cu_12_Pb_2_O_15_Cl_2_","Cu^2+^_12_Pb^4+^_2_O_15_Cl_2_","Cu Pb O Cl"," "," ",3259,"Murdochite","cubic","Fm3m, Fm3m","Cu^2+ Pb^4+ O Cl","Mdh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Murmanite","Murmanite","Na2Ti4+2Na2Ti4+2(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)4","Na2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)4","Na_2_Ti_2_Na_2_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_4_(H_2_O)_4_","Na_2_Ti^4+^_2_Na_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_4_(H_2_O)_4_","Na Ti Si O H","IMA2016 s.p."," ",3260,"Seidozerite-Murmanite","triclinic","P1, P1","Na Ti^4+ Si O H","Mmn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Murphyite","Murphyite","Pb2+(Te6+O4)","Pb(Te6+O4)","Pb(Te^6+^O_4_)","Pb^2+^(Te^6+^O_4_)","Pb Te O","IMA2021-107"," ",7210,"Raspite","monoclinic, unknown","P21/a","Pb^2+ Te^6+ O","Mpy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Murunskite","Murunskite","K2(Cu1+,Cu2+,Fe2+)4S2-4","K2(Cu,Fe)4S4","K_2_(Cu,Fe)_4_S_4_","K_2_(Cu^1+^,Cu^2+^,Fe^2+^)_4_S^2-^_4_","K Cu Fe S","IMA1980-064"," ",3261,"Bukovite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","K Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Fe^2+ S^2-","Mu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Muscovite","Muscovite","KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","KAl_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","KAl_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","K Al Si O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",3262,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic, triclinic, hexagonal","C2, C2/c, C1, P3112","K Al Si O H","Ms","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM43 - Shear-induced minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Museumite","Museumite","[Pb2(Pb,Sb)2S8][(Te,Au)2]","[Pb2(Pb,Sb)2S8][(Te,Au)2]","[Pb_2_(Pb,Sb)_2_S_8_][(Te,Au)_2_]","[Pb_2_(Pb,Sb)_2_S_8_][(Te,Au)_2_]","Pb Sb S Te Au","IMA2003-039"," ",5244," ","monoclinic",,"Pb Sb S Te Au","Mus","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Mushistonite","Mushistonite","Cu2+Sn4+(OH)6","Cu2+Sn4+(OH)6","Cu^2+^Sn^4+^(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^Sn^4+^(OH)_6_","Cu Sn O H","IMA1982-068"," ",3263,"Perovskite","cubic, tetragonal","Pn3m, P42/nnm","Cu^2+ Sn^4+ O H","Mhi","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Muskoxite","Muskoxite","Mg7Fe3+4(OH)26·H2O","Mg7Fe3+4(OH)26·H2O (?)","Mg_7_Fe^3+^_4_(OH)_26_·H_2_O (?)","Mg_7_Fe^3+^_4_(OH)_26_·H_2_O","Mg Fe O H","IMA1967-043"," ",3264,"Hydrotalcite",,,"Mg Fe^3+ O H","Mkx","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Muthmannite","Muthmannite","AuAgTe2","AuAgTe2","AuAgTe_2_","AuAgTe_2_","Au Ag Te"," "," ",3265," ","monoclinic","P2/m","Au Ag Te","Mma","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Mutinaite","Mutinaite","Na3Ca4Al11Si85O192·60H2O","Na3Ca4Al11Si85O192·60H2O","Na_3_Ca_4_Al_11_Si_85_O_192_·60H_2_O","Na_3_Ca_4_Al_11_Si_85_O_192_·60H_2_O","Na Ca Al Si O H","IMA1996-025"," ",3266," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Na Ca Al Si O H","Mut","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Mutnovskite","Mutnovskite","Pb2+2As3+S2-3(I1-,Cl,Br)","Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br)","Pb_2_AsS_3_(I,Cl,Br)","Pb^2+^_2_As^3+^S^2-^_3_(I^1-^,Cl,Br)","Pb As S I Cl Br","IMA2004-032"," ",5285," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2- I^1- Cl Br","Mvs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals","No" +"Naalasite","Naalasite","NaAl(As5+O3OH)2·H2O","NaAl(AsO3OH)2·H2O","NaAl(AsO_3_OH)_2_·H_2_O","NaAl(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·H_2_O","Na Al As O H","IMA2023-027"," ",7383,"Nafeasite","hexagonal","R32","Na Al As^5+ O H","Naa",,"No" +"Nabalamprophyllite","Nabalamprophyllite","(BaNa)Ti4+2Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2","(BaNa)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2","(BaNa)Ti_2_Na_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_","(BaNa)Ti^4+^_2_Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_","Ba Na Ti Si O H","IMA2001-060"," ",5303,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","P2/m, Pnmn","Ba Na Ti^4+ Si O H","Nlmp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nabaphite","Nabaphite","NaBaPO4·9H2O","NaBa(PO4)·9H2O","NaBa(PO_4_)·9H_2_O","NaBaPO_4_·9H_2_O","Na Ba P O H","IMA1981-058"," ",3267," ","cubic","P213","Na Ba P O H","Nbh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Nabateaite","Nabateaite","Fe2+2P2O7","Fe2P2O7","Fe_2_P_2_O_7_","Fe^2+^_2_P_2_O_7_","Fe P O","IMA2021-026"," ",7137," ","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ P O","Nbt","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Nabesite","Nabesite","Na2BeSi4O10·4H2O","Na2BeSi4O10·4H2O","Na_2_BeSi_4_O_10_·4H_2_O","Na_2_BeSi_4_O_10_·4H_2_O","Na Be Si O H","IMA2000-024"," ",3268," ","orthorhombic","P212121","Na Be Si O H","Nbs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nabiasite","Nabiasite","BaMn2+9(V5+O4)6(OH)2","BaMn9(VO4)6(OH)2","BaMn_9_(VO_4_)_6_(OH)_2_","BaMn^2+^_9_(V^5+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_2_","Ba Mn V O H","IMA1997-050"," ",3269," ","cubic","Pa3","Ba Mn^2+ V^5+ O H","Nbi","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Nabimusaite","Nabimusaite","KCa12(SiO4)4(S6+O4)2O2F","KCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O2F","KCa_12_(SiO_4_)_4_(SO_4_)_2_O_2_F","KCa_12_(SiO_4_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_O_2_F","K Ca Si O S F","IMA2012-057"," ",6113,"Arctite","hexagonal","R3m","K Ca Si O S^6+ F","Nbm","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Nabokoite","Nabokoite","Cu2+7Te4+O4(S6+O4)5·KCl","Cu7Te4+O4(SO4)5·KCl","Cu_7_Te^4+^O_4_(SO_4_)_5_·KCl","Cu^2+^_7_Te^4+^O_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_·KCl","Cu Te O S K Cl","IMA1985-013a"," ",3270," ","tetragonal","P4/ncc","Cu^2+ Te^4+ O S^6+ K Cl","Nab","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Nacaphite","Nacaphite","Na2Ca(PO4)F","Na2Ca(PO4)F","Na_2_Ca(PO_4_)F","Na_2_Ca(PO_4_)F","Na Ca P O F","IMA1979-026"," ",3271," ","hexagonal, triclinic","R3m, P1","Na Ca P O F","Ncp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nacareniobsite-(Ce)","Nacareniobsite-(Ce)","Ca2(CaCe3+)Na3Nb5+(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca2(CaCe)Na3Nb(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca_2_(CaCe)Na_3_Nb(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca_2_(CaCe^3+^)Na_3_Nb^5+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca Ce Na Nb Si O F","IMA1987-040"," ",3272,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Ca Ce^3+ Na Nb^5+ Si O F","Nns-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nacareniobsite-(Nd)","Nacareniobsite-(Nd)","Ca2(CaNd)Na3Nb5+(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca2(CaNd)Na3Nb(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca_2_(CaNd)Na_3_Nb(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca_2_(CaNd)Na_3_Nb^5+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca Nd Na Nb Si O F","IMA2023-012"," ",7547,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Nd Na Nb^5+ Si O F","Nns-Nd",,"No" +"Nacareniobsite-(Y)","Nacareniobsite-(Y)","Na3Ca3YNb5+(Si2O7)2OF3","Na3Ca3YNb(Si2O7)2OF3","Na_3_Ca_3_YNb(Si_2_O_7_)_2_OF_3_","Na_3_Ca_3_YNb^5+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_OF_3_","Na Ca Y Nb Si O F","IMA2022-105"," ",7326,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Ca Y Nb^5+ Si O F","Nns-Y",,"No" +"Nacrite","Nacrite","Al2Si2O5(OH)4","Al2Si2O5(OH)4","Al_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Al_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Al Si O H"," "," ",3273,"Clay, Kaolinite","monoclinic","Cc","Al Si O H","Ncr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM28 - Photo-alteration, pre-biotic, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM43 - Shear-induced minerals","No" +"Nadorite","Nadorite","Pb2+Sb3+O2Cl","PbSb3+O2Cl","PbSb^3+^O_2_Cl","Pb^2+^Sb^3+^O_2_Cl","Pb Sb O Cl"," "," ",3274,"Nadorite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ O Cl","Nad","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Nafeasite","Nafeasite","Na3Fe3+3(As5+O3OH)6·3H2O","Na3Fe3+3(AsO3OH)6·3H2O","Na_3_Fe^3+^_3_(AsO_3_OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Na_3_Fe^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Na Fe As O H","IMA2021-103"," ",7205,"Nafeasite","monoclinic","C2","Na Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Nfa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nafertisite","Nafertisite","Na3Fe2+10Ti4+2(Si6O17)2O2(OH)6F·2H2O","Na3Fe2+10Ti2(Si6O17)2O2(OH)6F(H2O)2","Na_3_Fe^2+^_10_Ti_2_(Si_6_O_17_)_2_O_2_(OH)_6_F(H_2_O)_2_","Na_3_Fe^2+^_10_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_6_O_17_)_2_O_2_(OH)_6_F·2H_2_O","Na Fe Ti Si O H F","IMA1994-007"," ",3275," ","monoclinic","A2/m","Na Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Naf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nagashimalite","Nagashimalite","Ba4(V3+,Ti4+)4(O,OH)2[B2Si8O27]Cl","Ba4(V3+,Ti)4(O,OH)2[B2Si8O27]Cl","Ba_4_(V^3+^,Ti)_4_(O,OH)_2_[B_2_Si_8_O_27_]Cl","Ba_4_(V^3+^,Ti^4+^)_4_(O,OH)_2_[B_2_Si_8_O_27_]Cl","Ba V Ti O H B Si Cl","IMA1977-045"," ",3276," ","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Ba V^3+ Ti^4+ O H B Si Cl","Ngs","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Nagelschmidtite","Nagelschmidtite","Ca7(SiO4)2(PO4)2","Ca7(SiO4)2(PO4)2","Ca_7_(SiO_4_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Ca_7_(SiO_4_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Ca Si O P","IMA1987 s.p."," ",3277," ","hexagonal","P61","Ca Si O P","Nsc","Abiotic, Biotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Nagyágite","Nagyagite","[Pb(Pb,Sb)S2][(Au,Te)]","[Pb3(Pb,Sb)3S6](Au,Te)3","[Pb_3_(Pb,Sb)_3_S_6_](Au,Te)_3_","[Pb(Pb,Sb)S_2_][(Au,Te)]","Pb Sb S Au Te"," "," ",3278," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb Sb S Au Te","Ngy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Nahcolite","Nahcolite","NaHCO3","NaH(CO3)","NaH(CO_3_)","NaHCO_3_","Na H C O"," "," ",3279," ","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/n","Na H C O","Nah","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Nahpoite","Nahpoite","Na2(PO3OH)","Na2(PO3OH)","Na_2_(PO_3_OH)","Na_2_(PO_3_OH)","Na P O H","IMA1981-002"," ",3280," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Na P O H","Nhp","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nakauriite","Nakauriite","Cu2+8(S6+O4)4(CO3)(OH)6·48H2O","Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6·48H2O","Cu_8_(SO_4_)_4_(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·48H_2_O","Cu^2+^_8_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·48H_2_O","Cu S O C H","IMA1976-016"," ",3281," ","orthorhombic",,"Cu^2+ S^6+ O C H","Nak","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nakkaalaaqite","Nakkaalaaqite","K2[Na3Ca]LiCa2Ti4+2Be4Si12O38","K2[Na3Ca]LiCa2Ti2Be4Si12O38","K_2_[Na_3_Ca]LiCa_2_Ti_2_Be_4_Si_12_O_38_","K_2_[Na_3_Ca]LiCa_2_Ti^4+^_2_Be_4_Si_12_O_38_","K Na Ca Li Ti Be Si O","IMA2020-059"," ",7073,"Odintsovite","orthorhombic","Fddd","K Na Ca Li Ti^4+ Be Si O","Nka","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Naldrettite","Naldrettite","Pd2Sb","Pd2Sb","Pd_2_Sb","Pd_2_Sb","Pd Sb","IMA2004-007"," ",5270," ","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Pd Sb","Nld","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Nalipoite","Nalipoite","NaLi2PO4","NaLi2(PO4)","NaLi_2_(PO_4_)","NaLi_2_PO_4_","Na Li P O","IMA1990-030"," ",3282," ","orthorhombic","Pmnb","Na Li P O","Nlp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nalivkinite","Nalivkinite","Li2NaFe2+7Ti4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F(H2O)2","Li2NaFe2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F(H2O)2","Li_2_NaFe^2+^_7_Ti_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F(H_2_O)_2_","Li_2_NaFe^2+^_7_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F(H_2_O)_2_","Li Na Fe Ti Si O H F","IMA2006-038"," ",5362,"Astrophyllite-Astrophyllite","triclinic","P1","Li Na Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Nlv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Namansilite","Namansilite","NaMn3+Si2O6","NaMn3+Si2O6","NaMn^3+^Si_2_O_6_","NaMn^3+^Si_2_O_6_","Na Mn Si O","IMA1989-026"," ",3283," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mn^3+ Si O","Nms","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nambulite","Nambulite","LiMn2+4Si5O14(OH)","LiMn2+4Si5O14(OH)","LiMn^2+^_4_Si_5_O_14_(OH)","LiMn^2+^_4_Si_5_O_14_(OH)","Li Mn Si O H","IMA1971-032"," ",3284,"Rhodonite","triclinic","P1","Li Mn^2+ Si O H","Nbl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Namibite","Namibite","Cu2+(Bi3+O)2V5+O4(OH)","Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH)","Cu(BiO)_2_(VO_4_)(OH)","Cu^2+^(Bi^3+^O)_2_V^5+^O_4_(OH)","Cu Bi O V H","IMA1981-024"," ",3285," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ Bi^3+ O V^5+ H","Nmb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Namuwite","Namuwite","Zn2+4S6+O4(OH)6·4H2O","Zn4(SO4)(OH)6·4H2O","Zn_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Zn S O H","IMA1981-020"," ",3286,"Ktenasite","hexagonal","P3","Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Nmw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Nancyrossite","Nancyrossite","Fe3+GeO6H5","FeGeO6H5","FeGeO_6_H_5_","Fe^3+^GeO_6_H_5_","Fe Ge O H","IMA2024-033"," ",7546,"Perovskite","tetragonal","P42/n","Fe^3+ Ge O H","Ncy",,"No" +"Nanlingite","Nanlingite","NaCa5LiMg12(As3+O3)2[Fe2+(As3+O3)6]F14","Na(Ca5Li)Mg12(AsO3)2[Fe2+(AsO3)6]F14","Na(Ca_5_Li)Mg_12_(AsO_3_)_2_[Fe^2+^(AsO_3_)_6_]F_14_","NaCa_5_LiMg_12_(As^3+^O_3_)_2_[Fe^2+^(As^3+^O_3_)_6_]F_14_","Na Ca Li Mg As O Fe F","IMA1985-xxx?"," ",3287," ","hexagonal","R3m, R3m","Na Ca Li Mg As^3+ O Fe^2+ F","Nan","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nannoniite","Nannoniite","Al2(OH)5F","Al2(OH)5F","Al_2_(OH)_5_F","Al_2_(OH)_5_F","Al O H F","IMA2024-010"," ",7475,"Gibbsite","monoclinic","P21/n","Al O H F","Nnn",,"No" +"Nanpingite","Nanpingite","CsAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","CsAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","CsAl_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","CsAl_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","Cs Al Si O H","IMA1987-006"," ",3288,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/c","Cs Al Si O H","Npg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Nantokite","Nantokite","Cu1+Cl","CuCl","CuCl","Cu^1+^Cl","Cu Cl"," "," ",3289,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","Cu^1+ Cl","Ntk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Napoliite","Napoliite","Pb2+2OFCl","Pb2OFCl","Pb_2_OFCl","Pb^2+^_2_OFCl","Pb O F Cl","IMA2022-073"," ",7294,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","P42/mcm","Pb^2+ O F Cl","Npi",,"No" +"Naquite","Naquite","FeSi","FeSi","FeSi","FeSi","Fe Si","IMA2010-010"," ",5837,"Brownleeite","cubic","P213","Fe Si","Naq","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Narsarsukite","Narsarsukite","Na2(Ti4+,Fe3+)Si4(O,F)11","Na2(Ti,Fe3+)Si4(O,F)11","Na_2_(Ti,Fe^3+^)Si_4_(O,F)_11_","Na_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)Si_4_(O,F)_11_","Na Ti Fe Si O F","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3290," ","tetragonal","I4/m","Na Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Si O F","Nar","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Nashite","Nashite","Na3Ca2[(V4+V5+9)O28]·24H2O","Na3Ca2[(V4+V5+9)O28]·24H2O","Na_3_Ca_2_[(V^4+^V^5+^_9_)O_28_]·24H_2_O","Na_3_Ca_2_[(V^4+^V^5+^_9_)O_28_]·24H_2_O","Na Ca V O H","IMA2011-105"," ",6048,"Pascoite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Ca V^4+ V^5+ O H","Nsh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nasinite","Nasinite","Na2B5O8(OH)·2H2O","Na2B5O8(OH)·2H2O","Na_2_B_5_O_8_(OH)·2H_2_O","Na_2_B_5_O_8_(OH)·2H_2_O","Na B O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3291," ","orthorhombic","Pna21","Na B O H","Nas","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Nasledovite","Nasledovite","Pb2+Mn2+3Al4O5(CO3)4(S6+O4)·5H2O","PbMn2+3Al4O5(SO4)(CO3)4·5H2O","PbMn^2+^_3_Al_4_O_5_(SO_4_)(CO_3_)_4_·5H_2_O","Pb^2+^Mn^2+^_3_Al_4_O_5_(CO_3_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)·5H_2_O","Pb Mn Al O S C H"," "," ",3292,"Alumohydrocalcite",,,"Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Al O C S^6+ H","Ndv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nasonite","Nasonite","Ca4Pb2+6(Si2O7)3Cl2","Ca4Pb6(Si2O7)3Cl2","Ca_4_Pb_6_(Si_2_O_7_)_3_Cl_2_","Ca_4_Pb^2+^_6_(Si_2_O_7_)_3_Cl_2_","Ca Pb Si O Cl"," "," ",3293," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Pb^2+ Si O Cl","Nso","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Nastrophite","Nastrophite","NaSrPO4·9H2O","NaSr(PO4)·9H2O","NaSr(PO_4_)·9H_2_O","NaSrPO_4_·9H_2_O","Na Sr P O H","IMA1980-051"," ",3294," ","cubic","P213","Na Sr P O H","Nsp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nataliakulikite","Nataliakulikite","Ca4Ti4+2(Fe3+,Fe2+)(Si,Fe3+,Al)O11","Ca4Ti2(Fe3+,Fe2+)(Si,Fe3+,Al)O11","Ca_4_Ti_2_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)(Si,Fe^3+^,Al)O_11_","Ca_4_Ti^4+^_2_(Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)(Si,Fe^3+^,Al)O_11_","Ca Ti Fe Si Al O","IMA2018-061"," ",6795,"Perovskite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Si Al O","Nkk","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Nataliyamalikite","Nataliyamalikite","Tl1+I1-","TlI","TlI","Tl^1+^I^1-^","Tl I","IMA2016-022"," ",6550," ","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Tl^1+ I^1-","Nml","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Natalyite","Natalyite","NaV3+Si2O6","NaV3+Si2O6","NaV^3+^Si_2_O_6_","NaV^3+^Si_2_O_6_","Na V Si O","IMA1984-053"," ",3295,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Na V^3+ Si O","Nta","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Natanite","Natanite","Fe2+Sn4+(OH)6","Fe2+Sn4+(OH)6","Fe^2+^Sn^4+^(OH)_6_","Fe^2+^Sn^4+^(OH)_6_","Fe Sn O H","IMA1980-028"," ",3296,"Perovskite","cubic","Pn3, Pn3m","Fe^2+ Sn^4+ O H","Ntn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Natisite","Natisite","Na2Ti4+O(SiO4)","Na2TiO(SiO4)","Na_2_TiO(SiO_4_)","Na_2_Ti^4+^O(SiO_4_)","Na Ti O Si","IMA1974-035"," ",3297," ","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Na Ti^4+ O Si","Nts","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Natrite","Natrite","Na2CO3","Na2(CO3)","Na_2_(CO_3_)","Na_2_CO_3_","Na C O","IMA1981-005"," ",3298," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Na C O","Nat","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Natroalunite","Natroalunite","NaAl3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6","NaAl_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","NaAl_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Na Al S O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",3299,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Na Al S^6+ O H","Nalu","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Natroaphthitalite","Natroaphthitalite","KNa3(S6+O4)2","KNa3(SO4)2","KNa_3_(SO_4_)_2_","KNa_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","K Na S O","IMA2018-091"," ",6820,"Aphthitalite","hexagonal","P3m1","K Na S^6+ O","Natt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Natroboltwoodite","Natroboltwoodite","Na(U6+O2)(SiO3OH)·H2O","Na(UO2)(SiO3OH)·H2O","Na(UO_2_)(SiO_3_OH)·H_2_O","Na(U^6+^O_2_)(SiO_3_OH)·H_2_O","Na U O Si H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",4133," ","orthorhombic",,"Na U^6+ O Si H","Nbwd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Natrochalcite","Natrochalcite","NaCu2+2(S6+O4)2(OH)·H2O","NaCu2(SO4)2(OH)·H2O","NaCu_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","NaCu^2+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Na Cu S O H"," "," ",3302,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Nch","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Natrodufrénite","Natrodufrenite","NaFe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","NaFe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","NaFe^2+^Fe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","NaFe^2+^Fe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Na Fe P O H","IMA1981-033"," ",3303,"Dufrénite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Ndf","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Natroglaucocerinite","Natroglaucocerinite","Zn2+6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](S6+O4)2·6H2O","Zn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2·6H2O","Zn_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_[Na(H_2_O)_6_](SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Zn^2+^_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_[Na(H_2_O)_6_](S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Zn Al O H Na S","IMA1995-025"," ",5067,"Woodwardite","hexagonal","P3","Zn^2+ Al O H Na S^6+","Ngc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Natrojarosite","Natrojarosite","NaFe3+3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","NaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6","NaFe^3+^_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","NaFe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Na Fe S O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",3305,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Na Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Njrs","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Natrolemoynite","Natrolemoynite","Na4Zr4+2Si10O26·9H2O","Na4Zr2Si10O26·9H2O","Na_4_Zr_2_Si_10_O_26_·9H_2_O","Na_4_Zr^4+^_2_Si_10_O_26_·9H_2_O","Na Zr Si O H","IMA1996-063"," ",3306,"Lemoynite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Nlm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Natrolite","Natrolite","Na2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O","Na2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O","Na_2_(Si_3_Al_2_)O_10_·2H_2_O","Na_2_(Si_3_Al_2_)O_10_·2H_2_O","Na Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",3307,"Natrolite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Fdd2, C21","Na Si Al O H","Ntr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Natromarkeyite","Natromarkeyite","Na2Ca8(U6+O2)4(CO3)13(H2O)24·3H2O","Na2Ca8(UO2)4(CO3)13(H2O)24·3H2O","Na_2_Ca_8_(UO_2_)_4_(CO_3_)_13_(H_2_O)_24_·3H_2_O","Na_2_Ca_8_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(CO_3_)_13_(H_2_O)_24_·3H_2_O","Na Ca U O C H","IMA2018-152"," ",6875,"Markeyite","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Na Ca U^6+ O C H","Nmk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Natromelansonite","Natromelansonite","Na3Zr4+[Si7AlO19]·4H2O","Na3Zr[Si7AlO19]·4H2O","Na_3_Zr[Si_7_AlO_19_]·4H_2_O","Na_3_Zr^4+^[Si_7_AlO_19_]·4H_2_O","Na Zr Si Al O H","IMA2023-076"," ",7414,"Rhodesite","monoclinic","P21/m","Na Zr^4+ Si Al O H","Nmso",,"No" +"Natromolybdite","Natromolybdite","Na2Mo6+O4·2H2O","Na2MoO4·2H2O","Na_2_MoO_4_·2H_2_O","Na_2_Mo^6+^O_4_·2H_2_O","Na Mo O H","IMA2022-130"," ",7344," ","orthorhombic","Pbca, Pcab","Na Mo^6+ O H","Nmyb",,"No" +"Natron","Natron","Na2CO3·10H2O","Na2(CO3)·10H2O","Na_2_(CO_3_)·10H_2_O","Na_2_CO_3_·10H_2_O","Na C O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3309," ","monoclinic","Cc","Na C O H","Nt","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Natronambulite","Natronambulite","NaMn2+4Si5O14(OH)","NaMn2+4Si5O14(OH)","NaMn^2+^_4_Si_5_O_14_(OH)","NaMn^2+^_4_Si_5_O_14_(OH)","Na Mn Si O H","IMA1981-034"," ",3310,"Rhodonite","triclinic","P1","Na Mn^2+ Si O H","Nnbl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Natroniobite","Natroniobite","NaNb5+O3","NaNbO3","NaNbO_3_","NaNb^5+^O_3_","Na Nb O"," "," ",3311,"Perovskite","monoclinic",,"Na Nb^5+ O","Nnb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Natropalermoite","Natropalermoite","Na2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4","Na2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4","Na_2_SrAl_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_","Na_2_SrAl_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_","Na Sr Al P O H","IMA2013-118"," ",6260,"Carminite","orthorhombic",,"Na Sr Al P O H","Npl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Natropharmacoalumite","Natropharmacoalumite","NaAl4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·4H2O","NaAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4·4H2O","NaAl_4_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","NaAl_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Na Al As O H","IMA2010-009"," ",5835,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic","P43m","Na Al As^5+ O H","Npal","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Natropharmacosiderite","Natropharmacosiderite","NaFe3+4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·4H2O","NaFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·4H2O","NaFe^3+^_4_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","NaFe^3+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Na Fe As O H","IMA1983-025"," ",4134,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic","P43m","Na Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Npsd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Natrophilite","Natrophilite","NaMn2+PO4","NaMn2+(PO4)","NaMn^2+^(PO_4_)","NaMn^2+^PO_4_","Na Mn P O"," "," ",3312,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pnam","Na Mn^2+ P O","Ntp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Natrophosphate","Natrophosphate","Na7(PO4)2F·19H2O","Na7(PO4)2F·19H2O","Na_7_(PO_4_)_2_F·19H_2_O","Na_7_(PO_4_)_2_F·19H_2_O","Na P O F H","IMA1971-041"," ",3313," ","cubic","Fd3c","Na P O F H","Nap","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Natrosilite","Natrosilite","Na2Si2O5","Na2Si2O5","Na_2_Si_2_O_5_","Na_2_Si_2_O_5_","Na Si O","IMA1974-043"," ",3314," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Si O","Ns","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Natrosulfatourea","Natrosulfatourea","Na2(S6+O4)[CO(N3-H2)2]","Na2(SO4)[CO(NH2)2]","Na_2_(SO_4_)[CO(NH_2_)_2_]","Na_2_(S^6+^O_4_)[CO(N^3-^H_2_)_2_]","Na S O C N H","IMA2019-134"," ",7017,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Na S^6+ O C N^3- H","Nsf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Natrotantite","Natrotantite","Na2Ta5+4O11","Na2Ta4O11","Na_2_Ta_4_O_11_","Na_2_Ta^5+^_4_O_11_","Na Ta O","IMA1980-026"," ",3315," ","hexagonal","R3c","Na Ta^5+ O","Ntan","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Natrotitanite","Natrotitanite","(Na0.5Y0.5)Ti4+(SiO4)O","(Na0.5Y0.5)TiO(SiO4)","(Na_0.5_Y_0.5_)TiO(SiO_4_)","(Na_0.5_Y_0.5_)Ti^4+^(SiO_4_)O","Na Y Ti O Si","IMA2011-033"," ",5961,"Titanite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Y Ti^4+ Si O","Nttn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Natrouranospinite","Natrouranospinite","Na2(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·5H2O","Na2(UO2)2(AsO4)2·5H2O","Na_2_(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·5H_2_O","Na_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·5H_2_O","Na U O As H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",4135,"Natroautunite","tetragonal",,"Na U^6+ O As^5+ H","Nusp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Natrowalentaite","Natrowalentaite","[Fe3+0.5Na0.5(H2O)6][NaAs3+2(Fe3+2.33W6+0.67)(PO4)2O7]","[Fe3+0.5Na0.5(H2O)6][NaAs3+2(Fe3+2.33W6+0.67)(PO4)2O7]","[Fe^3+^_0.5_Na_0.5_(H_2_O)_6_][NaAs^3+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2.33_W^6+^_0.67_)(PO_4_)_2_O_7_]","[Fe^3+^_0.5_Na_0.5_(H_2_O)_6_][NaAs^3+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2.33_W^6+^_0.67_)(PO_4_)_2_O_7_]","Fe Na H O As W P","IMA2018-032a"," ",6839,"Walentaite","orthorhombic","Imma","Fe^3+ Na H O As^3+ W^6+ P","Nwal","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Natroxalate","Natroxalate","Na2(C2)6+O4","Na2(C2O4)","Na_2_(C_2_O_4_)","Na_2_(C_2_)^6+^O_4_","Na C O","IMA1994-053"," ",3316,"Oxalate",,,"Na C O","Nx","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Natrozippeite","Natrozippeite","Na5(U6+O2)8(S6+O4)4O5(OH)3·12H2O","Na5(UO2)8(SO4)4O5(OH)3·12H2O","Na_5_(UO_2_)_8_(SO_4_)_4_O_5_(OH)_3_·12H_2_O","Na_5_(U^6+^O_2_)_8_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_O_5_(OH)_3_·12H_2_O","Na U O S H","IMA1971-004"," ",4136,"Zippeite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Nzip","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Naujakasite","Naujakasite","Na6Fe2+Al4Si8O26","Na6Fe2+Al4Si8O26","Na_6_Fe^2+^Al_4_Si_8_O_26_","Na_6_Fe^2+^Al_4_Si_8_O_26_","Na Fe Al Si O"," "," ",3317," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Fe^2+ Al Si O","Nj","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Naumannite","Naumannite","Ag1+2Se2-","Ag2Se","Ag_2_Se","Ag^1+^_2_Se^2-^","Ag Se"," "," ",3318,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","P212121","Ag^1+ Se^2-","Nau","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Navajoite","Navajoite","(V5+,Fe3+)10O24·12H2O","(V5+,Fe3+)10O24·12H2O","(V^5+^,Fe^3+^)_10_O_24_·12H_2_O","(V^5+^,Fe^3+^)_10_O_24_·12H_2_O","V Fe O H"," "," ",3319,"Ajoite","monoclinic",,"V^5+ Fe^3+ O H","Nvj","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Navrotskyite","Navrotskyite","K2Na10(U6+O2)3(S6+O4)9·2H2O","K2Na10(UO2)3(SO4)9·2H2O","K_2_Na_10_(UO_2_)_3_(SO_4_)_9_·2H_2_O","K_2_Na_10_(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_9_·2H_2_O","K Na U O S H","IMA2019-026"," ",6914," ","orthorhombic","Pbcm","K Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Nvr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nazarchukite","Nazarchukite","Ca2Ni2+Fe3+2(PO4)4","Ca2NiFe3+2(PO4)4","Ca_2_NiFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_","Ca_2_Ni^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_","Ca Ni Fe P O","IMA2022-005"," ",7228,"Itelmenite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ca Ni^2+ Fe^3+ P O","Nzr","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Nazarovite","Nazarovite","Ni12P5","Ni12P5","Ni_12_P_5_","Ni_12_P_5_","Ni P","IMA2019-013"," ",6903," ","tetragonal","I4/m","Ni P","Naz","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Nchwaningite","Nchwaningite","Mn2+2SiO3(OH)2·H2O","Mn2SiO3(OH)2·H2O","Mn_2_SiO_3_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Mn^2+^_2_SiO_3_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Mn Si O H","IMA1994-002"," ",3320," ","orthorhombic","Pca21","Mn^2+ Si O H","Nwg","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Nealite","Nealite","Pb2+4Fe2+(As3+O3)2Cl4·2H2O","Pb4Fe(AsO3)2Cl4·2H2O","Pb_4_Fe(AsO_3_)_2_Cl_4_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^_4_Fe^2+^(As^3+^O_3_)_2_Cl_4_·2H_2_O","Pb Fe As O Cl H","IMA1979-050"," ",3321," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Fe^2+ As^3+ O Cl H","Nea","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Nechelyustovite","Nechelyustovite","(Na☐)☐2Ba4Ti4+4Nb5+4(Na11☐)Ti4+4(Si2O7)8O8(OH)8(H2O)12","(Na☐)☐2Ba4Ti4Nb4(Na11☐)Ti4(Si2O7)8O8(OH)8(H2O)12","(Na[box])[box]_2_Ba_4_Ti_4_Nb_4_(Na_11_[box])Ti_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_8_O_8_(OH)_8_(H_2_O)_12_","(Na[box])[box]_2_Ba_4_Ti^4+^_4_Nb^5+^_4_(Na_11_[box])Ti^4+^_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_8_O_8_(OH)_8_(H_2_O)_12_","Na Ba Ti Nb Si O H","IMA2006-021"," ",5610,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","triclinic","P1","Na Ba Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Nec","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nefedovite","Nefedovite","Na5Ca4(PO4)4F","Na5Ca4(PO4)4F","Na_5_Ca_4_(PO_4_)_4_F","Na_5_Ca_4_(PO_4_)_4_F","Na Ca P O F","IMA1982-048"," ",3322," ","tetragonal","I4","Na Ca P O F","Nef","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Negevite","Negevite","NiP2","NiP2","NiP_2_","NiP_2_","Ni P","IMA2013-104"," ",6263,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Ni P","Neg","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Neighborite","Neighborite","NaMgF3","NaMgF3","NaMgF_3_","NaMgF_3_","Na Mg F","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3323,"Perovskite","orthorhombic, tetragonal, cubic","Pbnm, P4/mbm, Pm3m","Na Mg F","Nbo","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Nekoite","Nekoite","Ca3Si6O15·7H2O","Ca3Si6O15·7H2O","Ca_3_Si_6_O_15_·7H_2_O","Ca_3_Si_6_O_15_·7H_2_O","Ca Si O H"," "," ",3324," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Si O H","Nk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Nekrasovite","Nekrasovite","Cu1+9Cu2+4V3+Sn4+3S2-16","Cu13VSn3S16","Cu_13_VSn_3_S_16_","Cu^1+^_9_Cu^2+^_4_V^3+^Sn^4+^_3_S^2-^_16_","Cu V Sn S","IMA1983-051"," ",3325,"Germanite, Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","P43n","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ V^3+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Nek","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Nelenite","Nelenite","Mn2+16As3+3Si12O36(OH)17","Mn2+16As3+3Si12O36(OH)17","Mn^2+^_16_As^3+^_3_Si_12_O_36_(OH)_17_","Mn^2+^_16_As^3+^_3_Si_12_O_36_(OH)_17_","Mn As Si O H","IMA1982-011"," ",3326,"Pyrosmalite, Clay","hexagonal, monoclinic","R3m, C2/m","Mn^2+ As^3+ Si O H","Nln","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Neltnerite","Neltnerite","CaMn3+6O8(SiO4)","CaMn3+6O8(SiO4)","CaMn^3+^_6_O_8_(SiO_4_)","CaMn^3+^_6_O_8_(SiO_4_)","Ca Mn O Si","IMA1979-059"," ",3327,"Braunite","tetragonal","I41/acd","Ca Mn^3+ O Si","Nel","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nenadkevichite","Nenadkevichite","(Na,☐)8Nb5+4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·8H2O","(Na,☐)8Nb4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·8H2O","(Na,[box])_8_Nb_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·8H_2_O","(Na,[box])_8_Nb^5+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·8H_2_O","Na Nb Si O H"," "," ",3328,"Labuntsovite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pbam, Cm","Na Nb^5+ Si O H","Nkv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Neotocite","Neotocite","(Mn2+,Fe2+)SiO3·H2O","(Mn,Fe)SiO3·H2O (?)","(Mn,Fe)SiO_3_·H_2_O (?)","(Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^)SiO_3_·H_2_O","Mn Fe Si O H"," "," ",5146,"Allophane",,,"Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Si O H","Neo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Nepheline","Nepheline","Na3K(Al4Si4O16)","Na3K(Al4Si4O16)","Na_3_K(Al_4_Si_4_O_16_)","Na_3_K(Al_4_Si_4_O_16_)","Na K Al Si O","IMA2018 s.p."," ",3329,"Tridymite-Nepheline","hexagonal","P63","Na K Al Si O","Nph","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Népouite","Nepouite","Ni2+3Si2O5(OH)4","Ni3Si2O5(OH)4","Ni_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Ni^2+^_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Ni Si O H"," "," ",3330,"Serpentine, Clay",,,"Ni^2+ Si O H","Npo","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nepskoeite","Nepskoeite","Mg4Cl(OH)7·6H2O","Mg4Cl(OH)7·6H2O","Mg_4_Cl(OH)_7_·6H_2_O","Mg_4_Cl(OH)_7_·6H_2_O","Mg Cl O H","IMA1996-016"," ",3331," ","orthorhombic",,"Mg Cl O H","Nep","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Neptunite","Neptunite","KNa2LiFe2+2Ti4+2Si8O24","KNa2LiFe2+2Ti2Si8O24","KNa_2_LiFe^2+^_2_Ti_2_Si_8_O_24_","KNa_2_LiFe^2+^_2_Ti^4+^_2_Si_8_O_24_","K Na Li Fe Ti Si O"," "," ",3332,"Neptunite","monoclinic","Cc, C2/c","K Na Li Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O","Npt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Neskevaaraite-Fe","Neskevaaraite-Fe","NaK3Fe2+(Ti4+,Nb5+)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O","NaK3Fe(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O","NaK_3_Fe(Ti,Nb)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·6H_2_O","NaK_3_Fe^2+^(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Na K Fe Ti Nb Si O H","IMA2002-007"," ",5068,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","Cm","Na K Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Nsv-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nesquehonite","Nesquehonite","MgCO3·3H2O","Mg(CO3)·3H2O","Mg(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","MgCO_3_·3H_2_O","Mg C O H"," "," ",3333," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Mg C O H","Nes","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Nestolaite","Nestolaite","CaSe4+O3·H2O","CaSeO3·H2O","CaSeO_3_·H_2_O","CaSe^4+^O_3_·H_2_O","Ca Se O H","IMA2013-074"," ",6233,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Se^4+ O H","Ntl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Neustädtelite","Neustadtelite","Bi3+2Fe3+(Fe3+,Co2+)2(As5+O4)2(O,OH)4","Bi2Fe3+(Fe3+,Co)2(O,OH)4(AsO4)2","Bi_2_Fe^3+^(Fe^3+^,Co)_2_(O,OH)_4_(AsO_4_)_2_","Bi^3+^_2_Fe^3+^(Fe^3+^,Co^2+^)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(O,OH)_4_","Bi Fe Co O H As","IMA1998-016"," ",3334,"Medenbachite","triclinic","P1","Bi^3+ Fe^3+ Co^2+ As^5+ O H","Neu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nevadaite","Nevadaite","(Cu2+,☐,Al,V3+)6[Al8(PO4)8F8](OH)2·22H2O","(Cu2+,☐,Al,V3+)6Al8(PO4)8F8(OH)2·22H2O","(Cu^2+^,[box],Al,V^3+^)_6_Al_8_(PO_4_)_8_F_8_(OH)_2_·22H_2_O","(Cu^2+^,[box],Al,V^3+^)_6_[Al_8_(PO_4_)_8_F_8_](OH)_2_·22H_2_O","Cu Al V P O F H","IMA2002-035"," ",5198," ","orthorhombic","P21mn","Cu^2+ Al V^3+ P O F H","Nev","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nevskite","Nevskite","Bi(Se,S)","Bi(Se,S)","Bi(Se,S)","Bi(Se,S)","Bi Se S","IMA1983-026"," ",3335,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","P3m1","Bi Se S","Nvk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Newberyite","Newberyite","Mg(PO3OH)·3H2O","Mg(PO3OH)·3H2O","Mg(PO_3_OH)·3H_2_O","Mg(PO_3_OH)·3H_2_O","Mg P O H"," "," ",3336,"Newberyite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Mg P O H","New","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Neyite","Neyite","Ag1+2Cu1+6Pb2+25Bi3+26S2-68","Ag2Cu6Pb25Bi26S68","Ag_2_Cu_6_Pb_25_Bi_26_S_68_","Ag^1+^_2_Cu^1+^_6_Pb^2+^_25_Bi^3+^_26_S^2-^_68_","Ag Cu Pb Bi S","IMA1968-017"," ",3337,"Neyite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Ney","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Nežilovite","Nezilovite","Pb2+[Mn4+2Fe3+7AlZn2+2]O19","Pb[Mn4+2Fe3+7AlZn2]O19","Pb[Mn^4+^_2_Fe^3+^_7_AlZn_2_]O_19_","Pb^2+^[Mn^4+^_2_Fe^3+^_7_AlZn^2+^_2_]O_19_","Pb Mn Fe Al Zn O","IMA1994-020, IMA2020 s.p."," ",3338,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Pb^2+ Mn^4+ Fe^3+ Al Zn^2+ O","Než","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Niahite","Niahite","(N3-H4)Mn2+PO4·H2O","(NH4)Mn2+(PO4)·H2O","(NH_4_)Mn^2+^(PO_4_)·H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)Mn^2+^PO_4_·H_2_O","N H Mn P O","IMA1977-022"," ",3339," ","orthorhombic","Pmn21","N^3- H Mn^2+ P O","Nhi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Niasite","Niasite","Ni2+4.5(As5+O4)3","Ni2+4.5(AsO4)3","Ni^2+^_4.5_(AsO_4_)_3_","Ni^2+^_4.5_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Ni As O","IMA2019-105"," ",6989,"Jeffbenite","tetragonal","I42d","Ni^2+ As^5+ O","Nia","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nickel","Nickel","Ni","Ni","Ni","Ni","Ni","IMA1966-039"," ",3341,"Copper","cubic, hexagonal","Fm3m, P63/mmc","Ni","Ni","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","Yes" +"Nickelalumite","Nickelalumite","Ni2+Al4(S6+O4)(OH)12(H2O)3","NiAl4(SO4)(OH)12(H2O)3","NiAl_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_12_(H_2_O)_3_","Ni^2+^Al_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_12_(H_2_O)_3_","Ni Al S O H","IMA2022-071"," ",3345,"Chalcoalumite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ni^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Nal",,"No" +"Nickelaustinite","Nickelaustinite","CaNi2+As5+O4(OH)","CaNi(AsO4)(OH)","CaNi(AsO_4_)(OH)","CaNi^2+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Ca Ni As O H","IMA1985-002"," ",3346,"Adelite","orthorhombic","P212121","Ca Ni^2+ As^5+ O H","Naus","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nickelbischofite","Nickelbischofite","Ni2+Cl2·6H2O","NiCl2·6H2O","NiCl_2_·6H_2_O","Ni^2+^Cl_2_·6H_2_O","Ni Cl H O","IMA1978-056"," ",3347," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ni^2+ Cl H O","Nbsf","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Nickelblödite","Nickelblodite","Na2Ni2+(S6+O4)2·4H2O","Na2Ni(SO4)2·4H2O","Na_2_Ni(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na_2_Ni^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Ni S O H","IMA1976-014"," ",3348,"Blödite","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Ni^2+ S^6+ O H","Nblö","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nickelboussingaultite","Nickelboussingaultite","(N3-H4)2Ni2+(S6+O4)2·6H2O","(NH4)2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Ni(SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Ni^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","N H Ni S O","IMA1975-037"," ",3342,"Picromerite","monoclinic","P21/n, P21/a","N^3- H Ni^2+ S^6+ O","Nbsg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Nickelhexahydrite","Nickelhexahydrite","Ni2+S6+O4·6H2O","Ni(SO4)·6H2O","Ni(SO_4_)·6H_2_O","Ni^2+^S^6+^O_4_·6H_2_O","Ni S O H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",3349,"Hexahydrite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ni^2+ S^6+ O H","Nhhy","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM43 - Shear-induced minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Nickeline","Nickeline","NiAs","NiAs","NiAs","NiAs","Ni As","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3350,"Nickeline","hexagonal, orthorhombic","P63mc, Cmc21, P63/mmc","Ni As","Nc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Nickellotharmeyerite","Nickellotharmeyerite","CaNi2+2(As5+O4)2·2H2O","CaNi2(AsO4)2·2H2O","CaNi_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","CaNi^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Ni As O H","IMA1999-008"," ",3351,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Ni^2+ As^5+ O H","Nlmy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nickelphosphide","Nickelphosphide","Ni3P","Ni3P","Ni_3_P","Ni_3_P","Ni P","IMA1998-023"," ",3352," ","tetragonal","I4","Ni P","Nic","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Nickelpicromerite","Nickelpicromerite","K2Ni2+(S6+O4)2·6H2O","K2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O","K_2_Ni(SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","K_2_Ni^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","K Ni S O H","IMA2012-053"," ",6109,"Picromerite","monoclinic","P21/c","K Ni^2+ S^6+ O H","Npmr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nickelschneebergite","Nickelschneebergite","Bi3+Ni2+2(As5+O4)2(OH)·H2O","BiNi2(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O","BiNi_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Bi^3+^Ni^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Bi Ni As O H","IMA1999-028"," ",3353,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Bi^3+ Ni^2+ As^5+ O H","Nsnb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nickelskutterudite","Nickelskutterudite","NiAs3","NiAs3","NiAs_3_","NiAs_3_","Ni As","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3343,"Skutterudite, Perovskite","cubic","Im3","Ni As","Nskt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Nickeltalmessite","Nickeltalmessite","Ca2Ni2+(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Ca2Ni(AsO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Ni(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Ni^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Ni As O H","IMA2008-051"," ",5711,"Fairfieldite","triclinic","P1","Ca Ni^2+ As^5+ O H","Ntlm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nickeltsumcorite","Nickeltsumcorite","Pb2+(Ni2+,Fe3+)2(As5+O4)2(H2O,OH)2","Pb(Ni,Fe3+)2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2","Pb(Ni,Fe^3+^)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(H_2_O,OH)_2_","Pb^2+^(Ni^2+^,Fe^3+^)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(H_2_O,OH)_2_","Pb Ni Fe As O H","IMA2013-117"," ",6276,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Ni^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Ntsm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nickeltyrrellite","Nickeltyrrellite","Cu2+Ni3+2Se2-4","CuNi2Se4","CuNi_2_Se_4_","Cu^2+^Ni^3+^_2_Se^2-^_4_","Cu Ni Se","IMA2018-110"," ",6844,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Cu^2+ Ni^3+ Se^2-","Nty","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Nickelzippeite","Nickelzippeite","Ni2+2(U6+O2)6(S6+O4)3(OH)10·16H2O","Ni2(UO2)6(SO4)3(OH)10·16H2O","Ni_2_(UO_2_)_6_(SO_4_)_3_(OH)_10_·16H_2_O","Ni^2+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_6_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_10_·16H_2_O","Ni U O S H","IMA1971-005"," ",3344,"Zippeite",,,"Ni^2+ U^6+ O S^6+ H","Nizip","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Nickenichite","Nickenichite","Na(Ca0.5Cu2+0.5)MgMg2(As5+O4)3","Na(Ca0.5Cu0.5)MgMg2(AsO4)3","Na(Ca_0.5_Cu_0.5_)MgMg_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","Na(Ca_0.5_Cu^2+^_0.5_)MgMg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Cu Mg As O","IMA1992-014"," ",3354,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca Cu^2+ Mg As^5+ O","Nkn","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Nickolayite","Nickolayite","FeMoP","FeMoP","FeMoP","FeMoP","Fe Mo P","IMA2018-126"," ",6854,"Barringerite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Fe Mo P","Nkl","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Nicksobolevite","Nicksobolevite","Cu2+7(Se4+O3)2O2Cl6","Cu7(SeO3)2O2Cl6","Cu_7_(SeO_3_)_2_O_2_Cl_6_","Cu^2+^_7_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_O_2_Cl_6_","Cu Se O Cl","IMA2012-097"," ",6160,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Se^4+ O Cl","Nsb","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Niedermayrite","Niedermayrite","Cu2+4Cd2+(S6+O4)2(OH)6·4H2O","Cu4Cd(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O","Cu_4_Cd(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^_4_Cd^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Cu Cd S O H","IMA1997-024"," ",3355," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Cu^2+ Cd^2+ S^6+ O H","Ndm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nielsbohrite","Nielsbohrite","K(U6+O2)3As5+O4(OH)4·H2O","(K,U,☐)(UO2)3(AsO4)(OH)4·H2O","(K,U,[box])(UO_2_)_3_(AsO_4_)(OH)_4_·H_2_O","K(U^6+^O_2_)_3_As^5+^O_4_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","K U O As H","IMA2002-045b"," ",5602," ","orthorhombic","Cccm","K U^6+ O As^5+ H","Nbr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Nielsenite","Nielsenite","PdCu3","PdCu3","PdCu_3_","PdCu_3_","Pd Cu","IMA2004-046"," ",5541," ","tetragonal","P4mm","Pd Cu","Nie","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Nierite","Nierite","Si3N4","Si3N4","Si_3_N_4_","Si_3_N_4_","Si N","IMA1994-032"," ",3356," ","hexagonal","P31c, P63/m","Si N","Nr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates","No" +"Nifontovite","Nifontovite","Ca3[BO(OH)2]6·2H2O","Ca3[BO(OH)2]6·2H2O","Ca_3_[BO(OH)_2_]_6_·2H_2_O","Ca_3_[BO(OH)_2_]_6_·2H_2_O","Ca B O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3357," ","monoclinic","B2/b","Ca B O H","Nif","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Nigelcookite","Nigelcookite","Pb2+Fe2+2V3+2(PO4)3(OH)3","PbFe2+2V3+2(PO4)3(OH)3","PbFe^2+^_2_V^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Pb^2+^Fe^2+^_2_V^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Pb Fe V P O H","IMA2023-113"," ",7461,"Bjarebyite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Fe^2+ V^3+ P O H","Nck",,"No" +"Niggliite","Niggliite","PtSn","PtSn","PtSn","PtSn","Pt Sn"," "," ",3358,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63mc","Pt Sn","Nig","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Niigataite","Niigataite","CaSrAl3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaSrAl3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaSrAl_3_[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaSrAl_3_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Sr Al Si O H","IMA2001-055"," ",5069,"Clinozoisite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Sr Al Si O H","Nii","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Nikischerite","Nikischerite","NaFe2+6Al3(S6+O4)2(OH)18(H2O)12","Fe2+6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2·6H2O","Fe^2+^_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_[Na(H_2_O)_6_](SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","NaFe^2+^_6_Al_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_18_(H_2_O)_12_","Fe Al O H Na S","IMA2001-039"," ",3359,"Woodwardite, Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3","Na Fe^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Nik","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nikmelnikovite","Nikmelnikovite","Ca12Fe2+Fe3+3Al3(SiO4)6(OH)20","Ca12Fe2+Fe3+3Al3(SiO4)6(OH)20","Ca_12_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_3_Al_3_(SiO_4_)_6_(OH)_20_","Ca_12_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_3_Al_3_(SiO_4_)_6_(OH)_20_","Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA2018-043"," ",6848,"Garnet","hexagonal","R3","Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Al Si O H","Nmn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Niksergievite","Niksergievite","Ba2Al3(Si,Al)4O10(CO3)(OH)6·nH2O","Ba2Al3(Si,Al)4O10(CO3)(OH)6·nH2O","Ba_2_Al_3_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·nH_2_O","Ba_2_Al_3_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·nH_2_O","Ba Al Si O C H","IMA2002-036"," ",5199," ","monoclinic",,"Ba Al Si O C H","Nsg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Nimite","Nimite","(Ni2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8","(Ni,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8","(Ni,Mg,Al)_6_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_8_","(Ni^2+^,Mg,Al)_6_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_8_","Ni Mg Al Si O H","IMA1971 s.p."," ",3360,"Chlorite, Clay","monoclinic","C2/m","Ni^2+ Mg Al Si O H","Nim","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ningyoite","Ningyoite","(U4+,Ca,Ce3+)2(PO4)2·1-2H2O","(U,Ca,Ce)2(PO4)2·1-2H2O","(U,Ca,Ce)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·1-2H_2_O","(U^4+^,Ca,Ce^3+^)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·1-2H_2_O","U Ca Ce P O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3361,"Rhabdophane","orthorhombic","P222","U^4+ Ca Ce^3+ P O H","Nin","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Niningerite","Niningerite","MgS2-","MgS","MgS","MgS^2-^","Mg S","IMA1966-036"," ",3362,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Mg S^2-","Nng","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Niobobaotite","Niobobaotite","Ba4(Ti4+2.5Fe2+1.5)Nb5+4Si4O28Cl","Ba4(Ti2.5Fe2+1.5)Nb4Si4O28Cl","Ba_4_(Ti_2.5_Fe^2+^_1.5_)Nb_4_Si_4_O_28_Cl","Ba_4_(Ti^4+^_2.5_Fe^2+^_1.5_)Nb^5+^_4_Si_4_O_28_Cl","Ba Ti Fe Nb Si O Cl","IMA2022-127a"," ",7403,"Baotite","tetragonal","I41/a","Ba Ti^4+ Fe^2+ Nb^5+ Si O Cl","Nbao",,"No" +"Niobocarbide","Niobocarbide","Nb4+C4-","NbC","NbC","Nb^4+^C^4-^","Nb C","IMA1995-035"," ",3365,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Nb^4+ C^4-","Ncb","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Nioboheftetjernite","Nioboheftetjernite","ScNb5+O4","ScNbO4","ScNbO_4_","ScNb^5+^O_4_","Sc Nb O","IMA2019-133"," ",7016,"Columbite","monoclinic","P21/c","Sc Nb^5+ O","Nhef","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Nioboholtite","Nioboholtite","(Nb5+0.6☐0.4)Al6BSi3O18","(Nb0.6☐0.4)Al6BSi3O18","(Nb_0.6_[box]_0.4_)Al_6_BSi_3_O_18_","(Nb^5+^_0.6_[box]_0.4_)Al_6_BSi_3_O_18_","Nb Al B Si O","IMA2012-068"," ",6122,"Dumortierite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Nb^5+ Al B Si O","Nhlt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Nioboixiolite-(◻)","Nioboixiolite-([])","(Nb5+0.8☐0.2)O2","(Nb0.8☐0.2)4+O2","(Nb_0.8_[box]_0.2_)^4+^O_2_","(Nb^5+^_0.8_[box]_0.2_)O_2_","Nb O","IMA2021-002a"," ",7317,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Nb^5+ O","Nbix-(◻)",,"No" +"Nioboixiolite-(Fe3+)","Nioboixiolite-(Fe3+)","(Nb5+0.5Fe3+0.5)O2","(Nb0.5Fe3+0.5)O2","(Nb_0.5_Fe^3+^_0.5_)O_2_","(Nb^5+^_0.5_Fe^3+^_0.5_)O_2_","Nb Fe O","IMA2024-057"," ",7510,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Nb^5+ Fe^3+ O","Nbix-Fe^3+^",,"No" +"Nioboixiolite-(Mn2+)","Nioboixiolite-(Mn2+)","(Nb5+0.67Mn2+0.33)O2","(Nb0.67Mn2+0.33)O2","(Nb_0.67_Mn^2+^_0.33_)O_2_","(Nb^5+^_0.67_Mn^2+^_0.33_)O_2_","Nb Mn O","IMA2021-050a"," ",7278,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Nb^5+ Mn^2+ O","Nbix-Mn^2+^",,"No" +"Niobokupletskite","Niobokupletskite","K2NaMn2+7(Nb5+,Ti4+)2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4(O,F)","K2NaMn7(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4(O,F)","K_2_NaMn_7_(Nb,Ti)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_(O,F)","K_2_NaMn^2+^_7_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_(O,F)","K Na Mn Nb Ti Si O H F","IMA1999-032"," ",3366,"Astrophyllite-Kupletskite","triclinic","P1","K Na Mn^2+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Nbk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Niobophyllite","Niobophyllite","K2NaFe2+7(Nb5+,Ti4+)2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4(O,F)","K2NaFe2+7(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4(O,F)","K_2_NaFe^2+^_7_(Nb,Ti)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_(O,F)","K_2_NaFe^2+^_7_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_(O,F)","K Na Fe Nb Ti Si O H F","IMA1964-001"," ",3367,"Astrophyllite-Astrophyllite","triclinic","P1","K Na Fe^2+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Nbp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Niocalite","Niocalite","Ca7Nb5+(Si2O7)2O3F","Ca7Nb(Si2O7)2O3F","Ca_7_Nb(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_3_F","Ca_7_Nb^5+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_3_F","Ca Nb Si O F"," "," ",3368,"Wöhlerite","monoclinic","Pa","Ca Nb^5+ Si O F","Nio","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Nipalarsite","Nipalarsite","Ni8Pd3As4","Ni8Pd3As4","Ni_8_Pd_3_As_4_","Ni_8_Pd_3_As_4_","Ni Pd As","IMA2018-075"," ",6806,"Not in a structural group","cubic","Fm3m","Ni Pd As","Nip","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Nipeiite-(Ce)","Nipeiite-(Ce)","Ce3+9Fe3+(SiO4)6[SiO3(OH)](OH)3","Ce9Fe3+(SiO4)6[SiO3(OH)](OH)3","Ce_9_Fe^3+^(SiO_4_)_6_[SiO_3_(OH)](OH)_3_","Ce^3+^_9_Fe^3+^(SiO_4_)_6_[SiO_3_(OH)](OH)_3_","Ce Fe Si O H","IMA2022-106a"," ",7435,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ce^3+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Npe-Ce",,"No" +"Nisbite","Nisbite","Ni3+(Sb2)3-","NiSb2","NiSb_2_","Ni^3+^(Sb_2_)^3-^","Ni Sb","IMA1969-017"," ",3369,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Ni^3+ Sb","Nis","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Nishanbaevite","Nishanbaevite","KAl2O(As5+O4)(S6+O4)","KAl2O(AsO4)(SO4)","KAl_2_O(AsO_4_)(SO_4_)","KAl_2_O(As^5+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)","K Al O As S","IMA2019-012"," ",6902,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbcm","K Al O As^5+ S^6+","Nbv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Nisnite","Nisnite","Ni3Sn","Ni3Sn","Ni_3_Sn","Ni_3_Sn","Ni Sn","IMA2009-083"," ",5812,"Auricupride","cubic","P4/m32/m","Ni Sn","Nn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Nissonite","Nissonite","Cu2+2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2·5H2O","Cu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2·5H2O","Cu_2_Mg_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_Mg_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Cu Mg P O H","IMA1966-026"," ",3370," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Cu^2+ Mg P O H","Nss","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Niter","Niter","KN5+O3","K(NO3)","K(NO_3_)","KN^5+^O_3_","K N O"," "," ",3371," ","orthorhombic, hexagonal","Pmcn, R3m, Cmc21","K N^5+ O","Nit","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Nitratine","Nitratine","NaN5+O3","Na(NO3)","Na(NO_3_)","NaN^5+^O_3_","Na N O","IMA1980 s.p."," ",3372,"Calcite","hexagonal","R3c, R3c","Na N^5+ O","Ntt","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Nitrobarite","Nitrobarite","Ba(N5+O3)2","Ba(NO3)2","Ba(NO_3_)_2_","Ba(N^5+^O_3_)_2_","Ba N O"," "," ",3373," ","cubic","Pa3, P213","Ba N^5+ O","Nba","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Nitrocalcite","Nitrocalcite","Ca(N5+O3)2·4H2O","Ca(NO3)2·4H2O","Ca(NO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca(N^5+^O_3_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca N O H"," "," ",3374," ","monoclinic","P21/n, P21/c","Ca N^5+ O H","Ncal","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Nitromagnesite","Nitromagnesite","Mg(N5+O3)2·6H2O","Mg(NO3)2·6H2O","Mg(NO_3_)_2_·6H_2_O","Mg(N^5+^O_3_)_2_·6H_2_O","Mg N O H"," "," ",3375," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg N^5+ O H","Nmgs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Nitroplumbite","Nitroplumbite","[Pb2+4(OH)4](N5+O3)4","[Pb4(OH)4](NO3)4","[Pb_4_(OH)_4_](NO_3_)_4_","[Pb^2+^_4_(OH)_4_](N^5+^O_3_)_4_","Pb O H N","IMA2021-045a"," ",7156,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","Ia","Pb^2+ O H N^5+","Npb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Nitscheite","Nitscheite","(N3-H4)2[(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)3(H2O)2]·3H2O","(NH4)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)2]·3H2O","(NH_4_)_2_[(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_3_(H_2_O)_2_]·3H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_[(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(H_2_O)_2_]·3H_2_O","N H U O S","IMA2020-078"," ",7093,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","N^3- H U^6+ O S^6+","Nih","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Niveolanite","Niveolanite","NaBeCO3(OH)·2H2O","NaBe(CO3)(OH)·2H2O","NaBe(CO_3_)(OH)·2H_2_O","NaBeCO_3_(OH)·2H_2_O","Na Be C O H","IMA2007-032"," ",5589," ","tetragonal","P4/mcc","Na Be C O H","Nvl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nixonite","Nixonite","Na2Ti4+6O13","Na2Ti6O13","Na_2_Ti_6_O_13_","Na_2_Ti^4+^_6_O_13_","Na Ti O","IMA2018-133"," ",6869,"Jeppeite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ti^4+ O","Nix","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism","No" +"Nizamoffite","Nizamoffite","Mn2+Zn2+2(PO4)2(H2O)4","Mn2+Zn2(PO4)2(H2O)4","Mn^2+^Zn_2_(PO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","Mn^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","Mn Zn P O H","IMA2012-076"," ",6129,"Hopeite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mn^2+ Zn^2+ P O H","Niz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Nobleite","Nobleite","CaB6O9(OH)2·3H2O","CaB6O9(OH)2·3H2O","CaB_6_O_9_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","CaB_6_O_9_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Ca B O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3376," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca B O H","Nob","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Noelbensonite","Noelbensonite","BaMn3+2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O","BaMn3+2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O","BaMn^3+^_2_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","BaMn^3+^_2_Si_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ba Mn Si O H","IMA1994-058"," ",3377," ","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Ba Mn^3+ Si O H","Noe","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Nöggerathite-(Ce)","Noggerathite-(Ce)","(Ce3+,Ca)2Zr4+2(Nb5+,Ti4+)(Ti4+,Nb5+)2Fe2+O14","(Ce,Ca)2Zr2(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)2Fe2+O14","(Ce,Ca)_2_Zr_2_(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)_2_Fe^2+^O_14_","(Ce^3+^,Ca)_2_Zr^4+^_2_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_2_Fe^2+^O_14_","Ce Ca Zr Nb Ti Fe O","IMA2017-107"," ",6733,"Zirconolite","orthorhombic","Cmca","Ce^3+ Ca Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Fe^2+ O","Nög-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Nolanite","Nolanite","V3+4Fe3+O7(OH)","V3+4Fe3+O7(OH)","V^3+^_4_Fe^3+^O_7_(OH)","V^3+^_4_Fe^3+^O_7_(OH)","V Fe O H"," "," ",3378,"Nolanite","hexagonal","P63mc","V^3+ Fe^3+ O H","Nol","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Nollmotzite","Nollmotzite","Mg[U5+(U6+O2)2O4F3]·4H2O","Mg[U5+(U6+O2)2O4F3]·4H2O","Mg[U^5+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_O_4_F_3_]·4H_2_O","Mg[U^5+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_O_4_F_3_]·4H_2_O","Mg U O F H","IMA2017-100"," ",6725,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","Cm","Mg U^5+ U^6+ O F H","Nmz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nolzeite","Nolzeite","Na(Mn2+,☐)2[Si3(B,Si)O9(OH)2]·2H2O","Na(Mn,☐)2[Si3(B,Si)O9(OH)2]·2H2O","Na(Mn,[box])_2_[Si_3_(B,Si)O_9_(OH)_2_]·2H_2_O","Na(Mn^2+^,[box])_2_[Si_3_(B,Si)O_9_(OH)_2_]·2H_2_O","Na Mn Si B O H","IMA2014-086"," ",6385,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Na Mn^2+ Si B O H","Nlz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nontronite","Nontronite","Na0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O","Na0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O","Na_0.3_Fe^3+^_2_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O","Na_0.3_Fe^3+^_2_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O","Na Fe Si Al O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3379,"Clay, Smectite-vermiculite","monoclinic, triclinic","C2/m, P1","Na Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Non","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals","No" +"Noonkanbahite","Noonkanbahite","KNaBaTi4+2(Si4O12)O2","NaKBaTi2(Si4O12)O2","NaKBaTi_2_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_","KNaBaTi^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_","Na K Ba Ti Si O","IMA2009-059"," ",5788,"Batisite","orthorhombic","Imma","K Na Ba Ti^4+ Si O","Noo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Norbergite","Norbergite","Mg3SiO4F2","Mg3(SiO4)F2","Mg_3_(SiO_4_)F_2_","Mg_3_SiO_4_F_2_","Mg Si O F"," "," ",3380,"Humite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Mg Si O F","Nrb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Nordenskiöldine","Nordenskioldine","CaSn4+(BO3)2","CaSn(BO3)2","CaSn(BO_3_)_2_","CaSn^4+^(BO_3_)_2_","Ca Sn B O"," "," ",3381,"Calcite-Dolomite","hexagonal","R3","Ca Sn^4+ B O","Nsk","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nordgauite","Nordgauite","Mn2+Al2(PO4)2F2·5.5H2O","MnAl2(PO4)2(F,OH)2·5.5H2O","MnAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(F,OH)_2_·5.5H_2_O","Mn^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_F_2_·5.5H_2_O","Mn Al P O F H","IMA2010-040"," ",5870,"Nordgauite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Al P O F H","Ndg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nordite-(Ce)","Nordite-(Ce)","Na3Sr2+Ce3+Zn2+Si6O17","Na3SrCeZnSi6O17","Na_3_SrCeZnSi_6_O_17_","Na_3_Sr^2+^Ce^3+^Zn^2+^Si_6_O_17_","Na Sr Ce Zn Si O","IMA1966 s.p."," ",3382,"Nordite","orthorhombic","Pcca","Na Sr^2+ Ce^3+ Zn^2+ Si O","Nor-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nordite-(La)","Nordite-(La)","Na3Sr2+La3+Zn2+Si6O17","Na3SrLaZnSi6O17","Na_3_SrLaZnSi_6_O_17_","Na_3_Sr^2+^La^3+^Zn^2+^Si_6_O_17_","Na Sr La Zn Si O","IMA1966 s.p."," ",3383,"Nordite","orthorhombic","Pcca","Na Sr^2+ La^3+ Zn^2+ Si O","Nor-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Nordstrandite","Nordstrandite","Al(OH)3","Al(OH)3","Al(OH)_3_","Al(OH)_3_","Al O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3384," ","triclinic","I1, P1","Al O H","Nsd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nordströmite","Nordstromite","Pb2+3Cu1+Bi3+7(S2-,Se2-)14","Pb3CuBi7(S,Se)14","Pb_3_CuBi_7_(S,Se)_14_","Pb^2+^_3_Cu^1+^Bi^3+^_7_(S^2-^,Se^2-^)_14_","Pb Cu Bi S Se","IMA1978-073"," ",3385," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Cu^1+ Bi^3+ S^2- Se^2-","Nsm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Norilskite","Norilskite","(Pd,Ag)7Pb4","(Pd,Ag)7Pb4","(Pd,Ag)_7_Pb_4_","(Pd,Ag)_7_Pb_4_","Pd Ag Pb","IMA2015-008"," ",6415,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P3121","Pd Ag Pb","Nrs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Normandite","Normandite","Na2Ca2(Mn2+,Fe2+)2(Ti4+,Nb5+,Zr4+)2(Si2O7)2O2F2","Na2Ca2(Mn,Fe)2(Ti,Nb,Zr)2(Si2O7)2O2F2","Na_2_Ca_2_(Mn,Fe)_2_(Ti,Nb,Zr)_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Na_2_Ca_2_(Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^)_2_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^,Zr^4+^)_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Na Ca Mn Fe Ti Nb Zr Si O F","IMA1990-021"," ",5070,"Wöhlerite","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Ca Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Zr^4+ Si O F","Nmd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Norrishite","Norrishite","KLiMn3+2Si4O10O2","KLiMn3+2Si4O10O2","KLiMn^3+^_2_Si_4_O_10_O_2_","KLiMn^3+^_2_Si_4_O_10_O_2_","K Li Mn Si O","IMA1989-019"," ",3386,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","K Li Mn^3+ Si O","Nrr","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Norsethite","Norsethite","BaMg(CO3)2","BaMg(CO3)2","BaMg(CO_3_)_2_","BaMg(CO_3_)_2_","Ba Mg C O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3387,"Calcite-Dolomite","hexagonal","R3m, R32","Ba Mg C O","Nst","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Northstarite","Northstarite","Pb2+6(Te4+O3)5(S6+O3S2-)","Pb6(Te4+O3)5(S6+O3S2-)","Pb_6_(Te^4+^O_3_)_5_(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)","Pb^2+^_6_(Te^4+^O_3_)_5_(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)","Pb Te O S","IMA2019-031"," ",6922,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63","Pb^2+ Te^4+ O S^6+ S^2-","Nsr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Northupite","Northupite","Na3Mg(CO3)2Cl","Na3Mg(CO3)2Cl","Na_3_Mg(CO_3_)_2_Cl","Na_3_Mg(CO_3_)_2_Cl","Na Mg C O Cl"," "," ",3388,"Northupite","cubic","Fd3, Fd3m","Na Mg C O Cl","Nup","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Nosean","Nosean","Na8(Si6Al6)O24(S6+O4)·H2O","Na8(Si6Al6)O24(SO4)·H2O","Na_8_(Si_6_Al_6_)O_24_(SO_4_)·H_2_O","Na_8_(Si_6_Al_6_)O_24_(S^6+^O_4_)·H_2_O","Na Si Al O S H"," "," ",3389,"Sodalite, Cancrinite-sodalite","cubic","P43n, P23, P43m","Na Si Al O S^6+ H","Nsn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Nováčekite","Novacekite","Mg(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·10H2O","Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2·10H2O","Mg(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Mg U O As H","IMA2007 s.p., IMA2022 s.p."," ",5432," ","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, P21/n","Mg U^6+ O As^5+ H","Nvč-II","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Novákite","Novakite","(Cu,Ag)21As10","(Cu,Ag)21As10","(Cu,Ag)_21_As_10_","(Cu,Ag)_21_As_10_","Cu Ag As","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3391," ","tetragonal, monoclinic","C2/m","Cu Ag As","Nvá","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Novgorodovaite","Novgorodovaite","Ca2((C2)6+O4)Cl2·2H2O","Ca2(C2O4)Cl2·2H2O","Ca_2_(C_2_O_4_)Cl_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)Cl_2_·2H_2_O","Ca C O Cl H","IMA2000-039"," ",3392,"Oxalate","monoclinic","I2/m","Ca C O Cl H","Nov","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Novikovite","Novikovite","(N3-H4)4Mo6+2Mo5+2O8(S6+O4)5","(NH4)4Mo6+2Mo5+2O8(SO4)5","(NH_4_)_4_Mo^6+^_2_Mo^5+^_2_O_8_(SO_4_)_5_","(N^3-^H_4_)_4_Mo^6+^_2_Mo^5+^_2_O_8_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_","N H Mo O S","IMA2022-067"," ",7289,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","N^3- H Mo^6+ Mo^5+ O S^6+","Nvi",,"No" +"Novodneprite","Novodneprite","AuPb3","AuPb3","AuPb_3_","AuPb_3_","Au Pb","IMA2002-032a"," ",5513,"Khatyrkite",,,"Au Pb","Nnp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Novograblenovite","Novograblenovite","(N3-H4)MgCl3·6H2O","(NH4)MgCl3·6H2O","(NH_4_)MgCl_3_·6H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)MgCl_3_·6H_2_O","N H Mg Cl O","IMA2017-060"," ",6691,"Carnallite","monoclinic","C2/c","N^3- H Mg Cl O","Ngb","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Nowackiite","Nowackiite","Cu1+6Zn2+3As3+4S2-12","Cu6Zn3As4S12","Cu_6_Zn_3_As_4_S_12_","Cu^1+^_6_Zn^2+^_3_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_12_","Cu Zn As S","IMA1971 s.p."," ",3393,"Nowackiite","hexagonal","R3","Cu^1+ Zn^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Now","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Nsutite","Nsutite","Mn2+xMn4+1-xO2-2x(OH)2x","Mn2+xMn4+1-xO2-2x(OH)2x","Mn^2+^_x_Mn^4+^_1-x_O_2-2x_(OH)_2x_","Mn^2+^_x_Mn^4+^_1-x_O_2-2x_(OH)_2x_","Mn O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3394,"Ramsdellite",,,"Mn^2+ Mn^4+ O H","Nsu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Nuffieldite","Nuffieldite","Pb2+2Cu1+1.4(Pb2+0.4Bi3+0.4Sb3+0.2)Bi3+2S2-7","Cu1.4Pb2.4Bi2.4Sb0.2S7","Cu_1.4_Pb_2.4_Bi_2.4_Sb_0.2_S_7_","Pb^2+^_2_Cu^1+^_1.4_(Pb^2+^_0.4_Bi^3+^_0.4_Sb^3+^_0.2_)Bi^3+^_2_S^2-^_7_","Cu Pb Bi Sb S","IMA1967-003"," ",3395,"Kobellite","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pbmn","Pb^2+ Cu^1+ Bi^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Nuf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Nukundamite","Nukundamite","Cu3.4Fe0.6S4","Cu3.4Fe0.6S4","Cu_3.4_Fe_0.6_S_4_","Cu_3.4_Fe_0.6_S_4_","Cu Fe S","IMA1978-037"," ",3396," ","hexagonal","P3m1","Cu Fe S","Nuk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Nullaginite","Nullaginite","Ni2+2CO3(OH)2","Ni2(CO3)(OH)2","Ni_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Ni^2+^_2_CO_3_(OH)_2_","Ni C O H","IMA1978-011"," ",3397,"Malachite","monoclinic",,"Ni^2+ C O H","Nlg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Numanoite","Numanoite","Ca4Cu2+B4O6(OH)6(CO3)2","Ca4CuB4O6(OH)6(CO3)2","Ca_4_CuB_4_O_6_(OH)_6_(CO_3_)_2_","Ca_4_Cu^2+^B_4_O_6_(OH)_6_(CO_3_)_2_","Ca Cu B O H C","IMA2005-050"," ",5543," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Cu^2+ B O H C","Num","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Nuragheite","Nuragheite","Th4+(Mo6+O4)2·H2O","Th(MoO4)2·H2O","Th(MoO_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Th^4+^(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O","Th Mo O H","IMA2013-088"," ",6247,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Th^4+ Mo^6+ O H","Nur","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Nuwaite","Nuwaite","Ni6GeS2","Ni6GeS2","Ni_6_GeS_2_","Ni_6_GeS_2_","Ni Ge S","IMA2013-018"," ",6179,"Nuwaite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Ni Ge S","Nuw","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Nybøite","Nyboite","NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2","NaNa_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaNa_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_7_Al)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Mg Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",3398,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Al Si O H","Nyb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Nyerereite","Nyerereite","Na2Ca(CO3)2","Na2Ca(CO3)2","Na_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_","Na_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_","Na Ca C O","IMA1963-014"," ",3399,"Fairchildite","orthorhombic, hexagonal","Cmc21, P63mc","Na Ca C O","Nye","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Nyholmite","Nyholmite","Cd2+3Zn2+2(As5+O3OH)2(As5+O4)2·4H2O","Cd3Zn2(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2·4H2O","Cd_3_Zn_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Cd^2+^_3_Zn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Cd Zn As O H","IMA2008-047"," ",5707,"Hureaulite","monoclinic","C2/c","Cd^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Nyh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Oberthürite","Oberthurite","Rh3Ni32S32","Rh3Ni32S32","Rh_3_Ni_32_S_32_","Rh_3_Ni_32_S_32_","Rh Ni S","IMA2017-072"," ",6704,"Pentlandite","cubic","F43m","Rh Ni S","Obt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Oberwolfachite","Oberwolfachite","SrFe3+3(As5+O4)(S6+O4)(OH)6","SrFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6","SrFe^3+^_3_(AsO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)_6_","SrFe^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_6_","Sr Fe As O S H","IMA2021-010"," ",7124,"Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Sr Fe^3+ As^5+ O S^6+ H","Obw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Oboniobite","Oboniobite","Mg4Nb5+2O9","Mg4Nb2O9","Mg_4_Nb_2_O_9_","Mg_4_Nb^5+^_2_O_9_","Mg Nb O","IMA2023-118a"," ",7485,"Corundum","hexagonal","P3c1","Mg Nb^5+ O","Obo",,"No" +"Obradovicite-KCu","Obradovicite-KCu","[K2(H2O)17Cu2+(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]","[K2(H2O)17Cu(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]","[K_2_(H_2_O)_17_Cu(H_2_O)_6_][Mo_8_As_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_34_(OH)_3_]","[K_2_(H_2_O)_17_Cu^2+^(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_34_(OH)_3_]","K H O Cu Mo As Fe","IMA1978-061"," ",3402,"Betpakdalite","orthorhombic","Pcnm, Pnmb","K H O Cu^2+ Mo^6+ As^5+ Fe^3+","Obr-KCu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Obradovicite-NaCu","Obradovicite-NaCu","[Na2(H2O)17Cu2+(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]","[Na2(H2O)17Cu(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]","[Na_2_(H_2_O)_17_Cu(H_2_O)_6_][Mo_8_As_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_34_(OH)_3_]","[Na_2_(H_2_O)_17_Cu^2+^(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_34_(OH)_3_]","Na H O Cu Mo As Fe","IMA2011-079"," ",6019,"Betpakdalite","orthorhombic","Pnmb","Na H O Cu^2+ Mo^6+ As^5+ Fe^3+","Obr-NaCu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Obradovicite-NaNa","Obradovicite-NaNa","[Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O33(OH)4]","[Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O33(OH)4]","[Na_2_(H_2_O)_16_Na(H_2_O)_6_][Mo_8_As_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_33_(OH)_4_]","[Na_2_(H_2_O)_16_Na(H_2_O)_6_][Mo^6+^_8_As^5+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_33_(OH)_4_]","Na H O Mo As Fe","IMA2011-046"," ",5974,"Betpakdalite","orthorhombic","Pnmb","Na H O Mo^6+ As^5+ Fe^3+","Obr-NaNa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"O'danielite","Odanielite","Na☐Zn2+Zn2+2(As5+O4)[As5+O3(OH)]2","Na☐ZnZn2(AsO4)[AsO3(OH)]2","Na[box]ZnZn_2_(AsO_4_)[AsO_3_(OH)]_2_","Na[box]Zn^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)[As^5+^O_3_(OH)]_2_","Na Zn As O H","IMA1979-040"," ",3403,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Oda","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Odigitriaite","Odigitriaite","CsNa5Ca5[Si14B2O38]F2","CsNa5Ca5[Si14B2O38]F2","CsNa_5_Ca_5_[Si_14_B_2_O_38_]F_2_","CsNa_5_Ca_5_[Si_14_B_2_O_38_]F_2_","Cs Na Ca Si B O F","IMA2015-028"," ",6431,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Cs Na Ca Si B O F","Odi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Odikhinchaite","Odikhinchaite","Na9Sr3[(H2O)2Na]Ca6Mn2+3Zr4+3Nb5+Si(Si24O72)O(OH)3(CO3)·H2O","Na9Sr3[(H2O)2Na]Ca6Mn3Zr3NbSi(Si24O72)O(OH)3(CO3)·H2O","Na_9_Sr_3_[(H_2_O)_2_Na]Ca_6_Mn_3_Zr_3_NbSi(Si_24_O_72_)O(OH)_3_(CO_3_)·H_2_O","Na_9_Sr_3_[(H_2_O)_2_Na]Ca_6_Mn^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^Si(Si_24_O_72_)O(OH)_3_(CO_3_)·H_2_O","Na Sr H O Ca Mn Zr Nb Si C","IMA2020-064"," ",7058,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Sr H O Ca Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si C","Odk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Odinite","Odinite","(Fe3+,Mg,Al,Fe2+)2.5(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4","(Fe3+,Mg,Al,Fe2+)2.5(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4","(Fe^3+^,Mg,Al,Fe^2+^)_2.5_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","(Fe^3+^,Mg,Al,Fe^2+^)_2.5_(Si,Al)_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Fe Mg Al Si O H","IMA1988-015"," ",3404,"Clay, Serpentine","monoclinic, hexagonal","Cm, P31m","Fe^3+ Mg Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Odn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Odintsovite","Odintsovite","K2Na4Ca3Ti4+2Be4Si12O38","K2Na4Ca3Ti2Be4Si12O38","K_2_Na_4_Ca_3_Ti_2_Be_4_Si_12_O_38_","K_2_Na_4_Ca_3_Ti^4+^_2_Be_4_Si_12_O_38_","K Na Ca Ti Be Si O","IMA1994-052"," ",3405,"Odintsovite","orthorhombic","Fddd","K Na Ca Ti^4+ Be Si O","Odt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Oenite","Oenite","Co3+(SbAs)3-","CoSbAs","CoSbAs","Co^3+^(SbAs)^3-^","Co Sb As","IMA1995-007"," ",3406,"Marcasite","orthorhombic",,"Co^3+ Sb As","Oen","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Offretite","Offretite","KCaMg(Si13Al5)O36·15H2O","KCaMg(Si13Al5)O36·15H2O","KCaMg(Si_13_Al_5_)O_36_·15H_2_O","KCaMg(Si_13_Al_5_)O_36_·15H_2_O","K Ca Mg Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",5089,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P6m2","K Ca Mg Si Al O H","Off","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Oftedalite","Oftedalite","K(ScCa)☐2Be3Si12O30","K(ScCa)☐2Be3Si12O30","K(ScCa)[box]_2_Be_3_Si_12_O_30_","K(ScCa)[box]_2_Be_3_Si_12_O_30_","K Sc Ca Be Si O","IMA2003-045a"," ",5347,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Sc Ca Be Si O","Oft","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ogdensburgite","Ogdensburgite","Ca2Fe3+4Zn2+(As5+O4)4(OH)6·6H2O","Ca2Fe3+4Zn(AsO4)4(OH)6·6H2O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_4_Zn(AsO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_4_Zn^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Ca Fe Zn As O H","IMA1980-054"," ",3407," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca Fe^3+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Obu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ognitite","Ognitite","NiBiTe","NiBiTe","NiBiTe","NiBiTe","Ni Bi Te","IMA2018-006a"," ",6857,"Melonite","hexagonal","P3m1","Ni Bi Te","Ogn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Ohmilite","Ohmilite","Sr3(Ti4+,Fe3+)(Si2O6)2(O,OH)·2H2O","Sr3(Ti,Fe3+)(Si2O6)2(O,OH)·2H2O","Sr_3_(Ti,Fe^3+^)(Si_2_O_6_)_2_(O,OH)·2H_2_O","Sr_3_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)(Si_2_O_6_)_2_(O,OH)·2H_2_O","Sr Ti Fe Si O H","IMA1974-031"," ",3408,"Ohmilite","monoclinic","P21/m","Sr Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Oh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ohtaniite","Ohtaniite","Mg3(Si0.5☐0.5)Si2O8","Mg3(Si0.5☐0.5)Si2O8","Mg_3_(Si_0.5_[box]_0.5_)Si_2_O_8_","Mg_3_(Si_0.5_[box]_0.5_)Si_2_O_8_","Mg Si O","IMA2024-012"," ",7446,"Wadsleyite","orthorhombic","Imma","Mg Si O","Oht",,"No" +"Ojuelaite","Ojuelaite","Zn2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2·4H2O","ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","ZnFe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn Fe As O H","IMA1979-035"," ",3409,"Arthurite","monoclinic","P21/c","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Ojl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Okanoganite-(Y)","Okanoganite-(Y)","(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Th4+)16(Fe3+,Ti4+)(Si,B,P)10(O,OH)38F10","(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Th)16(Fe3+,Ti)(Si,B,P)10(O,OH)38F10","(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Th)_16_(Fe^3+^,Ti)(Si,B,P)_10_(O,OH)_38_F_10_","(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Th^4+^)_16_(Fe^3+^,Ti^4+^)(Si,B,P)_10_(O,OH)_38_F_10_","Y REE Ca Na Th Fe Ti Si B P O H F","IMA1979-048, IMA1987 s.p."," ",3410,"Okanoganite","hexagonal","R3m","Y REE Ca Na Th^4+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Si B P O H F","Oka-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Okayamalite","Okayamalite","Ca2B2SiO7","Ca2B2SiO7","Ca_2_B_2_SiO_7_","Ca_2_B_2_SiO_7_","Ca B Si O","IMA1997-002"," ",3411,"Melilite","tetragonal","P421m","Ca B Si O","Oky","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Okenite","Okenite","Ca10Si18O46·18H2O","Ca10Si18O46·18H2O","Ca_10_Si_18_O_46_·18H_2_O","Ca_10_Si_18_O_46_·18H_2_O","Ca Si O H"," "," ",3412," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Si O H","Oke","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Okhotskite","Okhotskite","Ca2Mn2+Mn3+2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2·H2O","Ca2Mn2+Mn3+2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2·H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^Mn^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Mn Si O H","IMA1985-010a"," ",5090,"Pumpellyite","monoclinic","A2/m","Ca Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Si O H","Okh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Okieite","Okieite","Mg3[V5+10O28]·28H2O","Mg3[V10O28]·28H2O","Mg_3_[V_10_O_28_]·28H_2_O","Mg_3_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·28H_2_O","Mg V O H","IMA2018-080"," ",6810,"Pascoite","triclinic","P1","Mg V^5+ O H","Oki","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Okruginite","Okruginite","Cu2SnSe2-3","Cu2SnSe3","Cu_2_SnSe_3_","Cu_2_SnSe^2-^_3_","Cu Sn Se","IMA2022-096"," ",7321,"Diamond-Sphalerite","monoclinic","Cm, Cc","Cu Sn Se^2-","Okg",,"No" +"Okruschite","Okruschite","Ca2Mn2+5Be4(As5+O4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca2Mn2+5Be4(AsO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_5_Be_4_(AsO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_5_Be_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca Mn Be As O H","IMA2013-097"," ",6253,"Roscherite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mn^2+ Be As^5+ O H","Okr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Oldhamite","Oldhamite","CaS2-","CaS","CaS","CaS^2-^","Ca S"," "," ",3413,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Ca S^2-","Old","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Oldsite-(K)","Oldsite-(K)","K2Fe2+[(U6+O2)(S6+O4)2]2(H2O)8","K2Fe2+[(UO2)(SO4)2]2(H2O)8","K_2_Fe^2+^[(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_]_2_(H_2_O)_8_","K_2_Fe^2+^[(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_]_2_(H_2_O)_8_","K Fe U O S H","IMA2021-075, IMA2025 s.p."," ",7183,"Svornostite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","K Fe^2+ U^6+ O S^6+ H","Ods","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Olekminskite","Olekminskite","Sr2(CO3)2","Sr2(CO3)2","Sr_2_(CO_3_)_2_","Sr_2_(CO_3_)_2_","Sr C O","IMA1989-047"," ",3414,"Paralstonite","hexagonal","P321","Sr C O","Okm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Olenite","Olenite","NaAl3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(O3)OH","NaAl3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3(OH)","NaAl_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_O_3_(OH)","NaAl_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(O_3_)OH","Na Al Si O B H","IMA1985-006"," ",3415,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Al Si O B H","Ole","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Olgafrankite","Olgafrankite","Ni3Ge","Ni3Ge","Ni_3_Ge","Ni_3_Ge","Ni Ge","IMA2024-048"," ",7502,"Perovskite","cubic","Pm3m","Ni Ge","Ofk",,"No" +"Olgite","Olgite","(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2","(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2","(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)_2_Na(PO_4_)_2_","(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)_2_Na(PO_4_)_2_","Ba Sr Na REE P O","IMA1979-027"," ",3416,"Aphthitalite","hexagonal","P3m1","Ba Sr Na REE P O","Olg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Olivenite","Olivenite","Cu2+2As5+O4(OH)","Cu2(AsO4)(OH)","Cu_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)","Cu^2+^_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Cu As O H"," "," ",3418,"Andalusite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","P21/n, Pnnm","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Oli","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Olkhonskite","Olkhonskite","Cr3+2Ti4+3O9","Cr2Ti3O9","Cr_2_Ti_3_O_9_","Cr^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_3_O_9_","Cr Ti O","IMA1993-035"," ",3419,"Schreyerite","monoclinic",,"Cr^3+ Ti^4+ O","Olk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Olmiite","Olmiite","CaMn2+SiO3(OH)2","CaMn[SiO3(OH)](OH)","CaMn[SiO_3_(OH)](OH)","CaMn^2+^SiO_3_(OH)_2_","Ca Mn Si O H","IMA2006-026"," ",5569," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ca Mn^2+ Si O H","Olm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Olmsteadite","Olmsteadite","KFe2+2Nb5+O2(PO4)2·2H2O","KFe2+2NbO2(PO4)2·2H2O","KFe^2+^_2_NbO_2_(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","KFe^2+^_2_Nb^5+^O_2_(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","K Fe Nb O P H","IMA1974-034"," ",3420," ","orthorhombic","Pb21m","K Fe^2+ Nb^5+ O P H","Osd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Olsacherite","Olsacherite","Pb2+2(Se6+O4)(S6+O4)","Pb2(Se6+O4)(SO4)","Pb_2_(Se^6+^O_4_)(SO_4_)","Pb^2+^_2_(Se^6+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)","Pb Se O S","IMA1969-009"," ",3421,"Baryte","orthorhombic","P2212","Pb^2+ Se^6+ O S^6+","Ols","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Olsenite","Olsenite","KFe2+4(PO4)3","KFe4(PO4)3","KFe_4_(PO_4_)_3_","KFe^2+^_4_(PO_4_)_3_","K Fe P O","IMA2022-100"," ",7323,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnnm, Pmnn","K Fe^2+ P O","Ose",,"No" +"Olshanskyite","Olshanskyite","Ca2[B3O3(OH)6]OH·3H2O","Ca2[B3O3(OH)6]OH·3H2O","Ca_2_[B_3_O_3_(OH)_6_]OH·3H_2_O","Ca_2_[B_3_O_3_(OH)_6_]OH·3H_2_O","Ca B O H","IMA1968-025"," ",3422," ","triclinic","P1","Ca B O H","Osh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Olympite","Olympite","LiNa5(PO4)2","LiNa5(PO4)2","LiNa_5_(PO_4_)_2_","LiNa_5_(PO_4_)_2_","Li Na P O","IMA1979-065"," ",3423," ","orthorhombic","P212121","Li Na P O","Oly","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Omariniite","Omariniite","Cu1+8Fe3+2Zn2+Ge4+2S2-12","Cu8Fe2ZnGe2S12","Cu_8_Fe_2_ZnGe_2_S_12_","Cu^1+^_8_Fe^3+^_2_Zn^2+^Ge^4+^_2_S^2-^_12_","Cu Fe Zn Ge S","IMA2016-050"," ",6578,"Stannoidite","orthorhombic","I222","Cu^1+ Fe^3+ Zn^2+ Ge^4+ S^2-","Oma","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Omeiite","Omeiite","Os3+(As2)3-","OsAs2","OsAs_2_","Os^3+^(As_2_)^3-^","Os As","IMA1985-xxx"," ",3424,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Os^3+ As","Ome","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ominelite","Ominelite","Fe2+Al3O2(BO3)(SiO4)","Fe2+Al3O2(BO3)(SiO4)","Fe^2+^Al_3_O_2_(BO_3_)(SiO_4_)","Fe^2+^Al_3_O_2_(BO_3_)(SiO_4_)","Fe Al O B Si","IMA1999-025"," ",3425," ","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Fe^2+ Al O B Si","Omi","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Omongwaite","Omongwaite","Na2Ca5(S6+O4)6·3H2O","Na2Ca5(SO4)6·3H2O","Na_2_Ca_5_(SO_4_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na_2_Ca_5_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na Ca S O H","IMA2003-054b"," ",5690," ","monoclinic","C2","Na Ca S^6+ O H","Omo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Omphacite","Omphacite","(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al)Si2O6","(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)Si2O6","(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)Si_2_O_6_","(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe^2+^,Al)Si_2_O_6_","Ca Na Mg Fe Al Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",3426,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","P2/n, P2, C2/c","Ca Na Mg Fe^2+ Al Si O","Omp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Omsite","Omsite","Ni2+2Fe3+(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6]","Ni2Fe3+(OH)6[Sb(OH)6]","Ni_2_Fe^3+^(OH)_6_[Sb(OH)_6_]","Ni^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(OH)_6_[Sb^5+^(OH)_6_]","Ni Fe O H Sb","IMA2012-025"," ",6084,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P3","Ni^2+ Fe^3+ O H Sb^5+","Om","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ondrušite","Ondrusite","CaCu2+4(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·10H2O","CaCu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·10H2O","CaCu_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·10H_2_O","CaCu^2+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·10H_2_O","Ca Cu As O H","IMA2008-010"," ",5669,"Lindackerite","triclinic","P1","Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Ond","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Oneillite","Oneillite","Na15Ca3Mn2+3Fe2+3Zr4+3Nb5+(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(OH,Cl)2","Na15Ca3Mn3Fe3Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(OH,Cl)2","Na_15_Ca_3_Mn_3_Fe_3_Zr_3_Nb(Si_25_O_73_)(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_(OH,Cl)_2_","Na_15_Ca_3_Mn^2+^_3_Fe^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^(Si_25_O_73_)(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_(OH,Cl)_2_","Na Ca Mn Fe Zr Nb Si O H Cl","IMA1998-064"," ",3427,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3","Na Ca Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H Cl","One","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Onoratoite","Onoratoite","Sb3+8O11Cl2","Sb8O11Cl2","Sb_8_O_11_Cl_2_","Sb^3+^_8_O_11_Cl_2_","Sb O Cl","IMA1967-032"," ",3428," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Sb^3+ O Cl","Ono","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Oosterboschite","Oosterboschite","(Pd,Cu)7Se5","(Pd,Cu)7Se5","(Pd,Cu)_7_Se_5_","(Pd,Cu)_7_Se_5_","Pd Cu Se","IMA1970-016"," ",3429," ","orthorhombic",,"Pd Cu Se","Oos","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ootannite","Ootannite","Th4+2W6+4O16·5H2O","Th4+2W6+4O16·5H2O","Th^4+^_2_W^6+^_4_O_16_·5H_2_O","Th^4+^_2_W^6+^_4_O_16_·5H_2_O","Th W O H","IMA2023-039"," ",7404,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Th^4+ W^6+ O H","Otn",,"No" +"Opal","Opal","SiO2·nH2O","SiO2·nH2O","SiO_2_·nH_2_O","SiO_2_·nH_2_O","Si O H"," "," ",3430,"Amorphous",,,"Si O H","Opl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Ophirite","Ophirite","Ca2Mg4Zn2+2Mn3+2(H2O)2(Fe3+W6+9O34)2·46H2O","Ca2Mg4[Zn2Mn3+2(H2O)2(Fe3+W9O34)2]·46H2O","Ca_2_Mg_4_[Zn_2_Mn^3+^_2_(H_2_O)_2_(Fe^3+^W_9_O_34_)_2_]·46H_2_O","Ca_2_Mg_4_Zn^2+^_2_Mn^3+^_2_(H_2_O)_2_(Fe^3+^W^6+^_9_O_34_)_2_·46H_2_O","Ca Mg Zn Mn H O Fe W","IMA2013-017"," ",6178,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg Zn^2+ Mn^3+ H O Fe^3+ W^6+","Oph","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Oppenheimerite","Oppenheimerite","Na2(U6+O2)(S6+O4)2·3H2O","Na2(UO2)(SO4)2·3H2O","Na_2_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Na_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Na U O S H","IMA2014-073"," ",6371,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Ohm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Orcelite","Orcelite","Ni4.75As2","Ni5-xAs2 (x = 0.25)","Ni_5-x_As_2_ (x = 0.25)","Ni_4.75_As_2_","Ni As","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3431," ","hexagonal","P63cm","Ni As","Orc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ordoñezite","Ordonezite","Zn2+Sb5+2O6","ZnSb5+2O6","ZnSb^5+^_2_O_6_","Zn^2+^Sb^5+^_2_O_6_","Zn Sb O"," "," ",3432,"Tapiolite","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Zn^2+ Sb^5+ O","Ord","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Örebroite","Orebroite","Mn2+6(Sb5+Fe3+)(SiO4)2O6","Mn2+6(Sb5+Fe3+)(SiO4)2O6","Mn^2+^_6_(Sb^5+^Fe^3+^)(SiO_4_)_2_O_6_","Mn^2+^_6_(Sb^5+^Fe^3+^)(SiO_4_)_2_O_6_","Mn Sb Fe Si O","IMA1985-039"," ",3433,"Welinite","hexagonal","P3","Mn^2+ Sb^5+ Fe^3+ Si O","Öbr","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Oregonite","Oregonite","FeNi2As2","FeNi2As2","FeNi_2_As_2_","FeNi_2_As_2_","Fe Ni As","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3435," ","hexagonal",,"Fe Ni As","Ore","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Oreillyite","Oreillyite","Cr2N","Cr2N","Cr_2_N","Cr_2_N","Cr N","IMA2020-030a"," ",7059," ","hexagonal","P31m, P63/mmc","Cr N","Ory","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Organovaite-Mn","Organovaite-Mn","K2Mn2+Nb5+4(Si4O12)2O4·5-7H2O","K2MnNb4(Si4O12)2O4·5-7H2O","K_2_MnNb_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_4_·5-7H_2_O","K_2_Mn^2+^Nb^5+^_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_4_·5-7H_2_O","K Mn Nb Si O H","IMA2000-031"," ",3436,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mn^2+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Org-Mn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Organovaite-Zn","Organovaite-Zn","K2Zn2+(Nb5+,Ti4+)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O","K2Zn(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O","K_2_Zn(Nb,Ti)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·6H_2_O","K_2_Zn^2+^(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_4_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_(O,OH)_4_·6H_2_O","K Zn Nb Ti Si O H","IMA2001-006"," ",3437,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Zn^2+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Org-Zn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Orickite","Orickite","CuFeS2·nH2O","CuFeS2·nH2O","CuFeS_2_·nH_2_O","CuFeS_2_·nH_2_O","Cu Fe S H O","IMA1978-059"," ",3438," ","hexagonal",,"Cu Fe S H O","Ori","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Orientite","Orientite","Ca8Mn3+10(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10·4H2O","Ca8Mn3+10(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10·4H2O","Ca_8_Mn^3+^_10_(SiO_4_)_3_(Si_3_O_10_)_3_(OH)_10_·4H_2_O","Ca_8_Mn^3+^_10_(SiO_4_)_3_(Si_3_O_10_)_3_(OH)_10_·4H_2_O","Ca Mn Si O H"," "," ",3439," ","orthorhombic","Bbmm, P2mm","Ca Mn^3+ Si O H","Orn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Orishchinite","Orishchinite","Ni2P","Ni2P","Ni_2_P","Ni_2_P","Ni P","IMA2019-039"," ",6927,"Barringerite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ni P","Orh","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Orlandiite","Orlandiite","Pb2+3Cl4(Se4+O3)·H2O","Pb3Cl4(Se4+O3)·H2O","Pb_3_Cl_4_(Se^4+^O_3_)·H_2_O","Pb^2+^_3_Cl_4_(Se^4+^O_3_)·H_2_O","Pb Cl Se O H","IMA1998-038"," ",3440," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Cl Se^4+ O H","Ola","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Orlovite","Orlovite","KLi2Ti4+(Si4O10)(OF)","KLi2Ti(Si4O10)(OF)","KLi_2_Ti(Si_4_O_10_)(OF)","KLi_2_Ti^4+^(Si_4_O_10_)(OF)","K Li Ti Si O F","IMA2009-006"," ",5734,"Mica","monoclinic","C2","K Li Ti^4+ Si O F","Olv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Orlymanite","Orlymanite","Ca4Mn2+3Si8O20(OH)6·2H2O","Ca4Mn2+3Si8O20(OH)6·2H2O","Ca_4_Mn^2+^_3_Si_8_O_20_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Ca_4_Mn^2+^_3_Si_8_O_20_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Ca Mn Si O H","IMA1988-029"," ",3441,"Gyrolite","hexagonal",,"Ca Mn^2+ Si O H","Orl","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Orpiment","Orpiment","As3+2S2-3","As2S3","As_2_S_3_","As^3+^_2_S^2-^_3_","As S"," "," ",3442,"Orpiment","monoclinic","P21/n","As^3+ S^2-","Orp","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Orschallite","Orschallite","Ca3(S4+O3)2S6+O4·12H2O","Ca3(S4+O3)2(SO4)·12H2O","Ca_3_(S^4+^O_3_)_2_(SO_4_)·12H_2_O","Ca_3_(S^4+^O_3_)_2_S^6+^O_4_·12H_2_O","Ca S O H","IMA1990-041"," ",3443," ","hexagonal","R3c","Ca S^4+ O S^6+ H","Ors","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Orthobrannerite","Orthobrannerite","U4+U6+Ti4+4O12(OH)2","U4+U6+Ti4O12(OH)2","U^4+^U^6+^Ti_4_O_12_(OH)_2_","U^4+^U^6+^Ti^4+^_4_O_12_(OH)_2_","U Ti O H","IMA1982 s.p."," ",3444,"Brannerite","orthorhombic","P2221","U^4+ U^6+ Ti^4+ O H","Obnr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Orthoclase","Orthoclase","KAlSi3O8","K(AlSi3O8)","K(AlSi_3_O_8_)","KAlSi_3_O_8_","K Al Si O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3447,"Feldspar","monoclinic, triclinic","C2/m, C1","K Al Si O","Or","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Orthocuproplatinum","Orthocuproplatinum","Pt3Cu","Pt3Cu","Pt_3_Cu","Pt_3_Cu","Pt Cu","IMA2018-124"," ",6853," ","orthorhombic","Cmmm","Pt Cu","Ocpt","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Orthogersdorffite","Orthogersdorffite","Ni3+(AsS)3-","NiAsS","NiAsS","Ni^3+^(AsS)^3-^","Ni As S","IMA2022 s.p."," ",5006,"Cobaltite","orthorhombic","Pca21","Ni^3+ As S","Gdf-Pca21","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)","Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)","NaBa2Fe2+Ce3+2Ti4+2(SiO3)8O2(O,OH)·H2O","NaBa2Fe2+Ce2Ti2(SiO3)8O2(O,OH)·H2O","NaBa_2_Fe^2+^Ce_2_Ti_2_(SiO_3_)_8_O_2_(O,OH)·H_2_O","NaBa_2_Fe^2+^Ce^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_2_(SiO_3_)_8_O_2_(O,OH)·H_2_O","Na Ba Fe Ce Ti Si O H","IMA1979-081b"," ",3449,"Joaquinite","orthorhombic",,"Na Ba Fe^2+ Ce^3+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Ojq-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Orthojoaquinite-(La)","Orthojoaquinite-(La)","NaBa2Fe2+La2Ti4+2(SiO3)8O2(OH,O,F)·H2O","NaBa2Fe2+La2Ti2(SiO3)8O2(OH,O,F)·H2O","NaBa_2_Fe^2+^La_2_Ti_2_(SiO_3_)_8_O_2_(OH,O,F)·H_2_O","NaBa_2_Fe^2+^La_2_Ti^4+^_2_(SiO_3_)_8_O_2_(OH,O,F)·H_2_O","Na Ba Fe La Ti Si O H F","IMA2000 s.p."," ",3450,"Joaquinite","orthorhombic","Ccmm","Na Ba Fe^2+ La Ti^4+ Si O H F","Ojq-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Orthominasragrite","Orthominasragrite","V4+O(S6+O4)·5H2O","V4+O(SO4)·5H2O","V^4+^O(SO_4_)·5H_2_O","V^4+^O(S^6+^O_4_)·5H_2_O","V O S H","IMA2000-018"," ",3451,"Minasragrite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","V^4+ O S^6+ H","Omrg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Orthopinakiolite","Orthopinakiolite","Mg2Mn3+O2(BO3)","Mg2Mn3+O2(BO3)","Mg_2_Mn^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg_2_Mn^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg Mn O B","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3452," ","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Mg Mn^3+ O B","Opki","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Orthoserpierite","Orthoserpierite","CaCu2+4(S6+O4)2(OH)6·3H2O","CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O","CaCu_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","CaCu^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca Cu S O H","IMA1983-022a"," ",3453," ","orthorhombic","Pca21","Ca Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Ospe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Orthowalpurgite","Orthowalpurgite","(U6+O2)Bi3+4O4(As5+O4)2·2H2O","(UO2)Bi4O4(AsO4)2·2H2O","(UO_2_)Bi_4_O_4_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)Bi^3+^_4_O_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","U O Bi As H","IMA1994-024"," ",3454," ","orthorhombic","Pbcm","U^6+ O Bi^3+ As^5+ H","Owal","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Osakaite","Osakaite","Zn2+4S6+O4(OH)6·5H2O","Zn4(SO4)(OH)6·5H2O","Zn_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_6_·5H_2_O","Zn^2+^_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_6_·5H_2_O","Zn S O H","IMA2006-049"," ",5585,"Ktenasite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Ok","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Osarizawaite","Osarizawaite","Cu2+Pb2+Al2(S6+O4)2(OH)6","Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6","Pb(Al_2_Cu^2+^)(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^Pb^2+^Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb Al Cu S O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",3455,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Orz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Osarsite","Osarsite","Os3+(AsS)3-","OsAsS","OsAsS","Os^3+^(AsS)^3-^","Os As S","IMA1971-025"," ",3456,"Arsenopyrite","monoclinic",,"Os^3+ As S","Osa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Osbornite","Osbornite","Ti3+N3-","TiN","TiN","Ti^3+^N^3-^","Ti N"," "," ",3457,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Ti^3+ N^3-","Obn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Oscarkempffite","Oscarkempffite","Ag1+10Pb2+4(Sb3+17Bi3+9)S2-48","Ag10Pb4(Sb17Bi9)S48","Ag_10_Pb_4_(Sb_17_Bi_9_)S_48_","Ag^1+^_10_Pb^2+^_4_(Sb^3+^_17_Bi^3+^_9_)S^2-^_48_","Ag Pb Sb Bi S","IMA2011-029"," ",5957,"Lillianite","orthorhombic","Pnca","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Okp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Oskarssonite","Oskarssonite","AlF3","AlF3","AlF_3_","AlF_3_","Al F","IMA2012-088"," ",6151,"Perovskite","hexagonal","R3c","Al F","Osk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Osmium","Osmium","Os","Os","Os","Os","Os","IMA1991 s.p."," ",3458," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Os","Os","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","Yes" +"Osumilite","Osumilite","KFe2+2(Al5Si10)O30","KFe2(Al5Si10)O30","KFe_2_(Al_5_Si_10_)O_30_","KFe^2+^_2_(Al_5_Si_10_)O_30_","K Fe Al Si O"," "," ",3460,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Fe^2+ Al Si O","Osm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Osumilite-(Mg)","Osumilite-(Mg)","KMg2(Al5Si10)O30","KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30","KMg_2_Al_3_(Al_2_Si_10_)O_30_","KMg_2_(Al_5_Si_10_)O_30_","K Mg Al Si O","IMA2011-083"," ",5145,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Mg Al Si O","Osm-Mg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Oswaldpeetersite","Oswaldpeetersite","(U6+O2)2CO3(OH)2·4H2O","(UO2)2(CO3)(OH)2·4H2O","(UO_2_)_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)_2_CO_3_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","U O C H","IMA2000-034"," ",3461," ","monoclinic","P21/c","U^6+ O C H","Osw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Otavite","Otavite","Cd2+CO3","Cd(CO3)","Cd(CO_3_)","Cd^2+^CO_3_","Cd C O"," "," ",3462,"Calcite","hexagonal","R3c, R3, R3c","Cd^2+ C O","Ota","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Otjisumeite","Otjisumeite","Pb2+Ge4O9","PbGe4O9","PbGe_4_O_9_","Pb^2+^Ge_4_O_9_","Pb Ge O","IMA1978-080"," ",3463," ","triclinic",,"Pb^2+ Ge O","Otj","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ottemannite","Ottemannite","Sn2+Sn4+S2-3","Sn2S3","Sn_2_S_3_","Sn^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_3_","Sn S","IMA1968 s.p."," ",3464," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Sn^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Ott","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ottensite","Ottensite","Na3(Sb3+2O3)3(Sb3+S2-3)·3H2O","Na3(Sb2O3)3(SbS3)·3H2O","Na_3_(Sb_2_O_3_)_3_(SbS_3_)·3H_2_O","Na_3_(Sb^3+^_2_O_3_)_3_(Sb^3+^S^2-^_3_)·3H_2_O","Na Sb O S H","IMA2006-014"," ",5345,"Cetineite","hexagonal","P63","Na Sb^3+ O S^2- H","Ots","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ottohahnite","Ottohahnite","Na6(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)5(H2O)7·1.5H2O","Na6(UO2)2(SO4)5(H2O)7·1.5H2O","Na_6_(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_5_(H_2_O)_7_·1.5H_2_O","Na_6_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_(H_2_O)_7_·1.5H_2_O","Na U O S H","IMA2015-098"," ",6496," ","triclinic","P1","Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Ohn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Ottoite","Ottoite","Pb2+2Te6+O5","Pb2TeO5","Pb_2_TeO_5_","Pb^2+^_2_Te^6+^O_5_","Pb Te O","IMA2009-063"," ",5791,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","I2/a","Pb^2+ Te^6+ O","Oto","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ottrélite","Ottrelite","Mn2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2","Mn2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2","Mn^2+^Al_2_O(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^Al_2_O(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_","Mn Al O Si H"," "," ",3465,"Chloritoid","monoclinic",,"Mn^2+ Al O Si H","Otr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Otwayite","Otwayite","Ni2+2CO3(OH)2·H2O","Ni2(CO3)(OH)2·H2O","Ni_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ni^2+^_2_CO_3_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ni C O H","IMA1976-028"," ",3466," ","orthorhombic",,"Ni^2+ C O H","Otw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Oulankaite","Oulankaite","Pd5Cu4SnTe2S2","Pd5Cu4SnTe2S2","Pd_5_Cu_4_SnTe_2_S_2_","Pd_5_Cu_4_SnTe_2_S_2_","Pd Cu Sn Te S","IMA1990-055"," ",3467," ","tetragonal",,"Pd Cu Sn Te S","Oul","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Ourayite","Ourayite","Ag1+3Pb2+4Bi3+5S2-13","Ag3Pb4Bi5S13","Ag_3_Pb_4_Bi_5_S_13_","Ag^1+^_3_Pb^2+^_4_Bi^3+^_5_S^2-^_13_","Ag Pb Bi S","IMA1976-007"," ",3468,"Lillianite","orthorhombic",,"Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Our","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Oursinite","Oursinite","Co2+(U6+O2)2(SiO3OH)2·6H2O","Co(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·6H2O","Co(UO_2_)_2_(SiO_3_OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Co^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(SiO_3_OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Co U O Si H","IMA1982-051"," ",3469," ","orthorhombic","Cmca","Co^2+ U^6+ O Si H","Osn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ovamboite","Ovamboite","Cu1+10Fe2+3W4+Ge4+3S2-16","Cu10Fe3WGe3S16","Cu_10_Fe_3_WGe_3_S_16_","Cu^1+^_10_Fe^2+^_3_W^4+^Ge^4+^_3_S^2-^_16_","Cu Fe W Ge S","IMA1992-039"," ",5092,"Germanite, Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic",,"Cu^1+ Fe^2+ W^4+ Ge^4+ S^2-","Ova","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Overite","Overite","CaMgAl(PO4)2(OH)·4H2O","CaMgAl(PO4)2(OH)·4H2O","CaMgAl(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","CaMgAl(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","Ca Mg Al P O H"," "," ",3470,"Overite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ca Mg Al P O H","Ove","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Owensite","Owensite","(Ba,Pb2+)6(Cu1+,Fe2+,Ni2+)25S2-27","(Ba,Pb)6(Cu1+,Fe,Ni)25S27","(Ba,Pb)_6_(Cu^1+^,Fe,Ni)_25_S_27_","(Ba,Pb^2+^)_6_(Cu^1+^,Fe^2+^,Ni^2+^)_25_S^2-^_27_","Ba Pb Cu Fe Ni S","IMA1993-061"," ",3471,"Djerfisherite","cubic","Pm3m","Ba Pb^2+ Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Ni^2+ S^2-","Owe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Owyheeite","Owyheeite","Ag1+3Pb2+10Sb3+11S2-28","Ag3Pb10Sb11S28","Ag_3_Pb_10_Sb_11_S_28_","Ag^1+^_3_Pb^2+^_10_Sb^3+^_11_S^2-^_28_","Ag Pb Sb S"," "," ",3472,"Owyheeite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Owy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Oxammite","Oxammite","(N3-H4)2(C2)6+O4·H2O","(NH4)2(C2O4)·H2O","(NH_4_)_2_(C_2_O_4_)·H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_(C_2_)^6+^O_4_·H_2_O","N H C O"," "," ",3473,"Oxalate","orthorhombic","P21212","N^3- H C O","Oxa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Oxo-magnesio-hastingsite","Oxo-magnesio-hastingsite","NaCa2(Mg2Fe3+3)(Si6Al2)O22O2","NaCa2(Mg2Fe3+3)(Si6Al2)O22O2","NaCa_2_(Mg_2_Fe^3+^_3_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_O_2_","NaCa_2_(Mg_2_Fe^3+^_3_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_O_2_","Na Ca Mg Fe Si Al O","IMA2011-035, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5444,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Fe^3+ Si Al O","Omhst","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Oxo-mangani-leakeite","Oxo-mangani-leakeite","NaNa2(Mn3+4Li)Si8O22O2","NaNa2(Mn3+4Li)Si8O22O2","NaNa_2_(Mn^3+^_4_Li)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","NaNa_2_(Mn^3+^_4_Li)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","Na Mn Li Si O","IMA2015-035"," ",6436,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mn^3+ Li Si O","Omlk","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Oxybismutomicrolite","Oxybismutomicrolite","(Bi3+1.33☐0.67)Ta5+2O6O","(Bi1.33☐0.67)Ta2O6O","(Bi_1.33_[box]_0.67_)Ta_2_O_6_O","(Bi^3+^_1.33_[box]_0.67_)Ta^5+^_2_O_6_O","Bi Ta O","IMA2019-047"," ",6935,"Pyrochlore-microlite","cubic","Fd3m","Bi^3+ Ta^5+ O","Obmic","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Oxycalciomicrolite","Oxycalciomicrolite","Ca2Ta5+2O7","Ca2Ta2O7","Ca_2_Ta_2_O_7_","Ca_2_Ta^5+^_2_O_7_","Ca Ta O","IMA2019-110"," ",6997,"Pyrochlore-microlite","cubic","Fd3m","Ca Ta^5+ O","Ocmic","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Oxycalciopyrochlore","Oxycalciopyrochlore","Ca2Nb5+2O6O","Ca2Nb2O6O","Ca_2_Nb_2_O_6_O","Ca_2_Nb^5+^_2_O_6_O","Ca Nb O","IMA1978-052, IMA2010 s.p."," ",4194,"Pyrochlore-Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","Ca Nb^5+ O","Ocpcl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Oxycalcioroméite","Oxycalcioromeite","Ca2Sb5+2O7","Ca2Sb5+2O7","Ca_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_","Ca_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_","Ca Sb O","IMA2012-022"," ",6081,"Pyrochlore-Roméite","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Ca Sb^5+ O","Ocr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Oxy-chromium-dravite","Oxy-chromium-dravite","NaCr3+3(Cr3+4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaCr3(Cr4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaCr_3_(Cr_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","NaCr^3+^_3_(Cr^3+^_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na Cr Mg Si O B H","IMA2011-097"," ",6043,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Cr^3+ Mg Si O B H","Ocdrv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Oxy-dravite","Oxy-dravite","Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","Na(Al_2_Mg)(Al_5_Mg)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na(Al_2_Mg)(Al_5_Mg)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na Al Mg Si O B H","IMA2012-004a"," ",6089,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Al Mg Si O B H","Odrv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Oxy-foitite","Oxy-foitite","☐(Fe2+Al2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","☐(Fe2+Al2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","[box](Fe^2+^Al_2_)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","[box](Fe^2+^Al_2_)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Fe Al Si O B H","IMA2016-069"," ",6598,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Fe^2+ Al Si O B H","Ofoi","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Oxykinoshitalite","Oxykinoshitalite","BaMg2Ti4+O2(Si2Al2)O10","BaMg2Ti4+O2(Si2Al2)O10","BaMg_2_Ti^4+^O_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_","BaMg_2_Ti^4+^O_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_","Ba Mg Ti O Si Al","IMA2004-013"," ",5273," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba Mg Ti^4+ O Si Al","Okns","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Oxynatromicrolite","Oxynatromicrolite","(Na,Ca,U4+)2(Ta5+,Nb5+)2O6(O,F)","(Na,Ca,U)2(Ta,Nb)2O6(O,F)","(Na,Ca,U)_2_(Ta,Nb)_2_O_6_(O,F)","(Na,Ca,U^4+^)_2_(Ta^5+^,Nb^5+^)_2_O_6_(O,F)","Na Ca U Ta Nb O F","IMA2013-063"," ",6223,"Pyrochlore-microlite","cubic","Fd3m","Na Ca U^4+ Ta^5+ Nb^5+ O F","Onmic","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Oxyphlogopite","Oxyphlogopite","K(Mg,Ti4+,Fe3+,Fe2+)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2","K(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2","K(Mg,Ti,Fe)_3_[(Si,Al)_4_O_10_](O,F)_2_","K(Mg,Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_3_[(Si,Al)_4_O_10_](O,F)_2_","K Mg Ti Fe Si Al O F","IMA2009-069"," ",5798,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mg Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Si Al O F","Ophl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Oxyplumbopyrochlore","Oxyplumbopyrochlore","Pb2+2Nb5+2O6O","Pb2Nb2O6O","Pb_2_Nb_2_O_6_O","Pb^2+^_2_Nb^5+^_2_O_6_O","Pb Nb O","IMA2024-026"," ",7444,"Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","Pb^2+ Nb^5+ O","Oppcl",,"No" +"Oxyplumboroméite","Oxyplumboromeite","Pb2+2Sb5+2O7","Pb2Sb2O7","Pb_2_Sb_2_O_7_","Pb^2+^_2_Sb^5+^_2_O_7_","Pb Sb O","IMA2013-042"," ",6196,"Pyrochlore-Roméite","cubic","Fd3m","Pb^2+ Sb^5+ O","Opr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Oxy-schorl","Oxy-schorl","Na(Fe2+2Al)Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3O","Na(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","Na(Fe^2+^_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na(Fe^2+^_2_Al)Al_6_Si_6_O_18_(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na Fe Al Si O B H","IMA2011-011"," ",5941,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Fe^2+ Al Si O B H","Osrl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Oxystannomicrolite","Oxystannomicrolite","Sn2+2Ta5+2O6O","Sn2Ta2O6O","Sn_2_Ta_2_O_6_O","Sn^2+^_2_Ta^5+^_2_O_6_O","Sn Ta O","IMA2010 s.p."," ",4174,"Pyrochlore-microlite","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Sn^2+ Ta^5+ O","Omic","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Oxystibiomicrolite","Oxystibiomicrolite","(Sb3+,Ca)2Ta5+2O6O","(Sb3+,Ca)2Ta2O6O","(Sb^3+^,Ca)_2_Ta_2_O_6_O","(Sb^3+^,Ca)_2_Ta^5+^_2_O_6_O","Sb Ca Ta O","IMA2010 s.p."," ",4197,"Pyrochlore-microlite","cubic","Fd3m","Sb^3+ Ca Ta^5+ O","Osmic","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Oxy-vanadium-dravite","Oxy-vanadium-dravite","NaV3+3(V3+4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaV3(V4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaV_3_(V_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","NaV^3+^_3_(V^3+^_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na V Mg Si O B H","IMA1999-050, IMA2012 s.p."," ",4560,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na V^3+ Mg Si O B H","Ovdrv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Oxyvanite","Oxyvanite","V3+2V4+O5","V3+2V4+O5","V^3+^_2_V^4+^O_5_","V^3+^_2_V^4+^O_5_","V O","IMA2008-044"," ",5701,"Berdesinskiite","monoclinic","C2/c","V^3+ V^4+ O","Oxy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Oxyyttrobetafite-(Y)","Oxyyttrobetafite-(Y)","Y2Ti4+2O6O","Y2Ti2O6O","Y_2_Ti_2_O_6_O","Y_2_Ti^4+^_2_O_6_O","Y Ti O","IMA2022-002"," ",7226,"Pyrochlore-betafite","cubic","Fd3m","Y Ti^4+ O","Oyb-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Oyelite","Oyelite","Ca5BSi4O13(OH)3·4H2O","Ca5BSi4O13(OH)3·4H2O","Ca_5_BSi_4_O_13_(OH)_3_·4H_2_O","Ca_5_BSi_4_O_13_(OH)_3_·4H_2_O","Ca B Si O H","IMA1980-103"," ",3474," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca B Si O H","Oye","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Oyonite","Oyonite","Ag1+3Mn2+2Pb2+4Sb3+7As3+4S2-24","Ag3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24","Ag_3_Mn_2_Pb_4_Sb_7_As_4_S_24_","Ag^1+^_3_Mn^2+^_2_Pb^2+^_4_Sb^3+^_7_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_24_","Ag Mn Pb Sb As S","IMA2018-002"," ",6746,"Lillianite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ Mn^2+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Oyo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ozernovskite","Ozernovskite","Fe3+4(Te4+O4)(Te4+O3)4·7H2O","Fe3+4(Te4+O4)(Te4+O3)4·7H2O","Fe^3+^_4_(Te^4+^O_4_)(Te^4+^O_3_)_4_·7H_2_O","Fe^3+^_4_(Te^4+^O_4_)(Te^4+^O_3_)_4_·7H_2_O","Fe Te O H","IMA2021-059"," ",7164,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Fe^3+ Te^4+ O H","Ozn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ozerovaite","Ozerovaite","Na2KAl3(As5+O4)4","Na2KAl3(AsO4)4","Na_2_KAl_3_(AsO_4_)_4_","Na_2_KAl_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_","Na K Al As O","IMA2016-019"," ",6547,"Ozerovaite","orthorhombic","Cmca","Na K Al As^5+ O","Oze","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Pääkkönenite","Paakkonenite","Sb3+4(As2)4-S2-4","Sb2AsS2","Sb_2_AsS_2_","Sb^3+^_4_(As_2_)^4-^S^2-^_4_","Sb As S","IMA1980-063"," ",3475,"Stibnite","monoclinic","C2/m","Sb^3+ As S^2-","Pä","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Paarite","Paarite","Cu1+1.7Pb2+1.7Bi3+6.3S2-12","Cu1.7Pb1.7Bi6.3S12","Cu_1.7_Pb_1.7_Bi_6.3_S_12_","Cu^1+^_1.7_Pb^2+^_1.7_Bi^3+^_6.3_S^2-^_12_","Cu Pb Bi S","IMA2001-016"," ",5150,"Meneghinite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Paa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pabellóndepicaite","Pabellondepicaite","Cu2+2(N3C2H2)2(NH3)2(NO3)Cl·2H2O","Cu2+2(N3C2H2)2(NH3)2(NO3)Cl·2H2O","Cu^2+^_2_(N_3_C_2_H_2_)_2_(NH_3_)_2_(NO_3_)Cl·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_(N_3_C_2_H_2_)_2_(NH_3_)_2_(NO_3_)Cl·2H_2_O","Cu N C H O Cl","IMA2023-104"," ",7452," ","orthorhombic","Pnna, Pmma","Cu^2+ N C H O Cl","Pdp",,"No" +"Pabstite","Pabstite","BaSn4+Si3O9","BaSnSi3O9","BaSnSi_3_O_9_","BaSn^4+^Si_3_O_9_","Ba Sn Si O","IMA1964-022"," ",3476,"Benitoite","hexagonal","P6c2","Ba Sn^4+ Si O","Pab","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Paceite","Paceite","CaCu2+(CH3COO)1-4·6H2O","CaCu(CH3COO)4·6H2O","CaCu(CH_3_COO)_4_·6H_2_O","CaCu^2+^(CH_3_COO)^1-^_4_·6H_2_O","Ca Cu C H O","IMA2001-030"," ",3477,"Acetate","tetragonal","I4/m","Ca Cu^2+ C H O","Pac","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Pachnolite","Pachnolite","NaCaAlF6·H2O","NaCaAlF6·H2O","NaCaAlF_6_·H_2_O","NaCaAlF_6_·H_2_O","Na Ca Al F H O"," "," ",3478," ","monoclinic","F2/d","Na Ca Al F H O","Phn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Packratite","Packratite","Ca11(As3+V5+10V4+2As5+6O51)2·83H2O","Ca11(As3+V5+10V4+2As5+6O51)2·83H2O","Ca_11_(As^3+^V^5+^_10_V^4+^_2_As^5+^_6_O_51_)_2_·83H_2_O","Ca_11_(As^3+^V^5+^_10_V^4+^_2_As^5+^_6_O_51_)_2_·83H_2_O","Ca As V O H","IMA2014-059"," ",6356,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca As^3+ V^5+ V^4+ As^5+ O H","Pkt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paddlewheelite","Paddlewheelite","MgCa5Cu2+2(U6+O2)4(CO3)12(H2O)33","MgCa5Cu2(UO2)4(CO3)12(H2O)33","MgCa_5_Cu_2_(UO_2_)_4_(CO_3_)_12_(H_2_O)_33_","MgCa_5_Cu^2+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(CO_3_)_12_(H_2_O)_33_","Mg Ca Cu U O C H","IMA2017-098"," ",6722,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","Pc, Pb","Mg Ca Cu^2+ U^6+ O C H","Pdw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Padĕraite","Paderaite","Cu1+7(Cu1+,Ag1+)0.33Pb2+1.33Bi3+11.33S2-22","Cu7[(Cu,Ag)0.33Pb1.33Bi11.33]S22","Cu_7_[(Cu,Ag)_0.33_Pb_1.33_Bi_11.33_]S_22_","Cu^1+^_7_(Cu^1+^,Ag^1+^)_0.33_Pb^2+^_1.33_Bi^3+^_11.33_S^2-^_22_","Cu Ag Pb Bi S","IMA1983-091"," ",3479," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Pdĕ","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Padmaite","Padmaite","PdBiSe","PdBiSe","PdBiSe","PdBiSe","Pd Bi Se","IMA1990-048"," ",3480," ","cubic",,"Pd Bi Se","Pdm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Paganoite","Paganoite","Ni2+Bi3+O(As5+O4)","NiBi3+O(AsO4)","NiBi^3+^O(AsO_4_)","Ni^2+^Bi^3+^O(As^5+^O_4_)","Ni Bi O As","IMA1999-043"," ",3481," ","triclinic","P1","Ni^2+ Bi^3+ O As^5+","Pgn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pahasapaite","Pahasapaite","Li8(Ca,Li,K)10.5Be24(PO4)24·38H2O","Li8(Ca,Li,K)10Be24(PO4)24·38H2O","Li_8_(Ca,Li,K)_10_Be_24_(PO_4_)_24_·38H_2_O","Li_8_(Ca,Li,K)_10.5_Be_24_(PO_4_)_24_·38H_2_O","Li Ca K Be P O H","IMA1983-060b"," ",3482," ","cubic","I23","Li Ca K Be P O H","Pah","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Painite","Painite","CaZr4+Al9O15(BO3)","CaZrAl9O15(BO3)","CaZrAl_9_O_15_(BO_3_)","CaZr^4+^Al_9_O_15_(BO_3_)","Ca Zr Al O B"," "," ",3483," ","hexagonal","P63, P63/m","Ca Zr^4+ Al O B","Pai","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Pakhomovskyite","Pakhomovskyite","Co2+3(PO4)2·8H2O","Co3(PO4)2·8H2O","Co_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Co^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Co P O H","IMA2004-021"," ",5280," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Co^2+ P O H","Phv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Palarstanide","Palarstanide","Pd5(Sn,As)2","Pd5(Sn,As)2","Pd_5_(Sn,As)_2_","Pd_5_(Sn,As)_2_","Pd Sn As","IMA1976-058"," ",3484,"Stillwaterite","hexagonal",,"Pd Sn As","Pls","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Palenzonaite","Palenzonaite","NaCa2Mn2+2(V5+O4)3","(NaCa2)Mn2+2(VO4)3","(NaCa_2_)Mn^2+^_2_(VO_4_)_3_","NaCa_2_Mn^2+^_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Mn V O","IMA1986-011"," ",3485,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Na Ca Mn^2+ V^5+ O","Plz","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Palermoite","Palermoite","Li2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4","Li2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4","Li_2_SrAl_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_","Li_2_SrAl_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_","Li Sr Al P O H"," "," ",3486,"Carminite","orthorhombic","Immm, Imcb","Li Sr Al P O H","Ple","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Palladinite","Palladinite","Pd2+O","PdO","PdO","Pd^2+^O","Pd O"," "," ",5458," ","tetragonal","P42/mmc","Pd^2+ O","Pdn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Palladium","Palladium","Pd","Pd","Pd","Pd","Pd"," "," ",3487,"Copper","cubic","Fm3m","Pd","Pd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","Yes" +"Palladoarsenide","Palladoarsenide","Pd2As","Pd2As","Pd_2_As","Pd_2_As","Pd As","IMA1973-005"," ",3488," ","monoclinic","P2/m","Pd As","Pda","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Palladobismutharsenide","Palladobismutharsenide","Pd2(As,Bi)","Pd2(As,Bi)","Pd_2_(As,Bi)","Pd_2_(As,Bi)","Pd As Bi","IMA1975-017"," ",3489," ","orthorhombic",,"Pd As Bi","Pba","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Palladodymite","Palladodymite","Pd2As","Pd2As","Pd_2_As","Pd_2_As","Pd As","IMA1997-028"," ",3490,"Barringerite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Pd As","Pdd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Palladogermanide","Palladogermanide","Pd2Ge","Pd2Ge","Pd_2_Ge","Pd_2_Ge","Pd Ge","IMA2016-086"," ",6612,"Barringerite","hexagonal","P62m","Pd Ge","Pdg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Palladosilicide","Palladosilicide","Pd2Si","Pd2Si","Pd_2_Si","Pd_2_Si","Pd Si","IMA2014-080"," ",6378,"Barringerite","hexagonal","P62m","Pd Si","Psl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Palladothallite","Palladothallite","Pd3Tl","Pd3Tl","Pd_3_Tl","Pd_3_Tl","Pd Tl","IMA2019-009a"," ",7067,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Pd Tl","Pdt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Palladseite","Palladseite","Pd17Se15","Pd17Se15","Pd_17_Se_15_","Pd_17_Se_15_","Pd Se","IMA1975-026"," ",3491," ","cubic","Pm3m, Pm3m, P43m, P432","Pd Se","Pds","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Palmierite","Palmierite","K2Pb2+(S6+O4)2","K2Pb(SO4)2","K_2_Pb(SO_4_)_2_","K_2_Pb^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","K Pb S O"," "," ",3492,"Palmierite","hexagonal","R3m","K Pb^2+ S^6+ O","Pmi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Palygorskite","Palygorskite","(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4H2O","(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4H2O","(Mg,Al)_2_Si_4_O_10_(OH)·4H_2_O","(Mg,Al)_2_Si_4_O_10_(OH)·4H_2_O","Mg Al Si O H"," "," ",3493,"Palygorskite, Clay","monoclinic, orthorhombic","C2/m, Pbmn","Mg Al Si O H","Plg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM43 - Shear-induced minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Pampaloite","Pampaloite","AuSbTe","AuSbTe","AuSbTe","AuSbTe","Au Sb Te","IMA2017-096"," ",6720,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Au Sb Te","Ppl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Panasqueiraite","Panasqueiraite","CaMgPO4(OH)","CaMg(PO4)(OH)","CaMg(PO_4_)(OH)","CaMgPO_4_(OH)","Ca Mg P O H","IMA1978-063"," ",3494,"Titanite","monoclinic",,"Ca Mg P O H","Psq","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Pandoraite-Ba","Pandoraite-Ba","BaV4+5V5+2O16·3H2O","BaV4+5V5+2O16·3H2O","BaV^4+^_5_V^5+^_2_O_16_·3H_2_O","BaV^4+^_5_V^5+^_2_O_16_·3H_2_O","Ba V O H","IMA2018-024"," ",6769,"Pandoraite","monoclinic","P2","Ba V^4+ V^5+ O H","Pdo-Ba","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pandoraite-Ca","Pandoraite-Ca","CaV4+5V5+2O16·3H2O","CaV4+5V5+2O16·3H2O","CaV^4+^_5_V^5+^_2_O_16_·3H_2_O","CaV^4+^_5_V^5+^_2_O_16_·3H_2_O","Ca V O H","IMA2018-036"," ",6778,"Pandoraite","monoclinic","P2","Ca V^4+ V^5+ O H","Pdo-Ca","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Panethite","Panethite","(Na,Ca,K)1-x(Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)PO4","(Na,Ca,K)1-x(Mg,Fe2+,Mn)PO4","(Na,Ca,K)_1-x_(Mg,Fe^2+^,Mn)PO_4_","(Na,Ca,K)_1-x_(Mg,Fe^2+^,Mn^2+^)PO_4_","Na Ca K Mg Fe Mn P O","IMA1966-035"," ",3495," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Ca K Mg Fe^2+ Mn^2+ P O","Pne","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Panguite","Panguite","(Ti4+,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr4+,Ca)1.8O3","(Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3","(Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)_1.8_O_3_","(Ti^4+^,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr^4+^,Ca)_1.8_O_3_","Ti Al Sc Mg Zr Ca O","IMA2010-057"," ",5882,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ti^4+ Al Sc Mg Zr^4+ Ca O","Pgu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Panichiite","Panichiite","(N3-H4)2Sn4+Cl6","(NH4)2SnCl6","(NH_4_)_2_SnCl_6_","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Sn^4+^Cl_6_","N H Sn Cl","IMA2008-005"," ",5664," ","cubic","Fm3m","N^3- H Sn^4+ Cl","Pnc","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Panskyite","Panskyite","Pd9Ag2Pb2S4","Pd9Ag2Pb2S4","Pd_9_Ag_2_Pb_2_S_4_","Pd_9_Ag_2_Pb_2_S_4_","Pd Ag Pb S","IMA2020-039"," ",7049,"Thalhammerite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Pd Ag Pb S","Pky","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pansnerite","Pansnerite","K3Na3Fe3+6(As5+O4)8","K3Na3Fe3+6(AsO4)8","K_3_Na_3_Fe^3+^_6_(AsO_4_)_8_","K_3_Na_3_Fe^3+^_6_(As^5+^O_4_)_8_","K Na Fe As O","IMA2016-103"," ",6630,"Ozerovaite","orthorhombic","Cmca","K Na Fe^3+ As^5+ O","Pns","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Panunzite","Panunzite","K3Na(AlSiO4)4","K3Na(AlSiO4)4","K_3_Na(AlSiO_4_)_4_","K_3_Na(AlSiO_4_)_4_","K Na Al Si O","IMA1978-050"," ",3496,"Tridymite-Nepheline","hexagonal","P63","K Na Al Si O","Pnz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Paolovite","Paolovite","Pd2Sn","Pd2Sn","Pd_2_Sn","Pd_2_Sn","Pd Sn","IMA1972-025"," ",3497," ","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Pd Sn","Plv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Papagoite","Papagoite","CaCu2+AlSi2O6(OH)3","CaCuAlSi2O6(OH)3","CaCuAlSi_2_O_6_(OH)_3_","CaCu^2+^AlSi_2_O_6_(OH)_3_","Ca Cu Al Si O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3498," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Cu^2+ Al Si O H","Pap","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Papikeite","Papikeite","NaFe2+2(Mg3Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2","NaFe2+2(Mg3Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2","NaFe^2+^_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaFe^2+^_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Fe Mg Al Si O H","IMA2022-145"," ",7371,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnma","Na Fe^2+ Mg Al Si O H","Ppk",,"No" +"Paqueite","Paqueite","Ca3Ti4+Si2(Al,Ti4+,Si)3O14","Ca3TiSi2(Al,Ti,Si)3O14","Ca_3_TiSi_2_(Al,Ti,Si)_3_O_14_","Ca_3_Ti^4+^Si_2_(Al,Ti^4+^,Si)_3_O_14_","Ca Ti Si Al O","IMA2013-053"," ",6216,"Paqueite","hexagonal","P321","Ca Ti^4+ Si Al O","Paq","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Para-alumohydrocalcite","Para-alumohydrocalcite","CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·6H2O","CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·6H2O","CaAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","CaAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca Al C O H","IMA1976-027"," ",3499,"Alumohydrocalcite",,,"Ca Al C O H","Pahcal","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paraberzeliite","Paraberzeliite","NaCaCaMg2(As5+O4)3","NaCaCaMg2(AsO4)3","NaCaCaMg_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","NaCaCaMg_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Mg As O","IMA2018-001"," ",6745,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca Mg As^5+ O","Pbzl","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Parabrandtite","Parabrandtite","Ca2Mn2+(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Ca2Mn2+(AsO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Mn As O H","IMA1986-009"," ",3501,"Fairfieldite","triclinic",,"Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Pbdt","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Parabutlerite","Parabutlerite","Fe3+S6+O4(OH)·2H2O","Fe3+(SO4)(OH)·2H2O","Fe^3+^(SO_4_)(OH)·2H_2_O","Fe^3+^S^6+^O_4_(OH)·2H_2_O","Fe S O H"," "," ",3502,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pmnb, P212121","Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Pbtl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Paracelsian","Paracelsian","BaAl2Si2O8","Ba(Al2Si2O8)","Ba(Al_2_Si_2_O_8_)","BaAl_2_Si_2_O_8_","Ba Al Si O"," "," ",3503,"Danburite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","P21/a, Pnam","Ba Al Si O","Pcls","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Paracoquimbite","Paracoquimbite","Fe3+4(S6+O4)6(H2O)12·6H2O","Fe3+4(SO4)6(H2O)12·6H2O","Fe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_6_(H_2_O)_12_·6H_2_O","Fe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(H_2_O)_12_·6H_2_O","Fe S O H","IMA2019 s.p."," ",3505,"Coquimbite","hexagonal","R3","Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Pcoq","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Paracostibite","Paracostibite","Co3+(SbS)3-","CoSbS","CoSbS","Co^3+^(SbS)^3-^","Co Sb S","IMA1969-023"," ",3506,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Co^3+ Sb S","Pcsb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Paradamite","Paradamite","Zn2+2As5+O4(OH)","Zn2(AsO4)(OH)","Zn_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)","Zn^2+^_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Zn As O H"," "," ",3507,"Tarbuttite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Prd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Paradimorphite","Paradimorphite","As4S3","As4S3","As_4_S_3_","As_4_S_3_","As S","IMA2020-101"," ",7209," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","As S","Pdim","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals","No" +"Paradocrasite","Paradocrasite","Sb2(Sb,As)2","Sb2(Sb,As)2","Sb_2_(Sb,As)_2_","Sb_2_(Sb,As)_2_","Sb As","IMA1969-011"," ",3508," ","monoclinic","C2","Sb As","Pdc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Parádsasvárite","Paradsasvarite","Zn2+2(CO3)(OH)2","Zn2(CO3)(OH)2","Zn_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Zn^2+^_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Zn C O H","IMA2012-077"," ",6133,"Malachite","monoclinic","P21/a","Zn^2+ C O H","Psv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paraershovite","Paraershovite","Na3K3Fe3+2Si8O20(OH)4·4H2O","Na3K3Fe3+2(Si4O10OH)2(OH)2(H2O)4","Na_3_K_3_Fe^3+^_2_(Si_4_O_10_OH)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","Na_3_K_3_Fe^3+^_2_Si_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Na K Fe Si O H","IMA2009-025"," ",5753,"Ershovite","triclinic","P1","Na K Fe^3+ Si O H","Psh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Parafiniukite","Parafiniukite","Ca2Mn2+3(PO4)3Cl","Ca2Mn3(PO4)3Cl","Ca_2_Mn_3_(PO_4_)_3_Cl","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_Cl","Ca Mn P O Cl","IMA2018-047"," ",6761,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Mn^2+ P O Cl","Pfn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Parafransoletite","Parafransoletite","Ca3Be2(PO4)2(PO3OH)2·4H2O","Ca3Be2(PO4)2(PO3OH)2·4H2O","Ca_3_Be_2_(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_3_Be_2_(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Be P O H","IMA1989-049"," ",3509," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Be P O H","Pfsl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Parageorgbokiite","Parageorgbokiite","Cu2+5O2(Se4+O3)2Cl2","Cu5O2(SeO3)2Cl2","Cu_5_O_2_(SeO_3_)_2_Cl_2_","Cu^2+^_5_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_Cl_2_","Cu O Se Cl","IMA2006-001"," ",5459," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ O Se^4+ Cl","Pgbk","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Paragersdorffite","Paragersdorffite","Ni3+(AsS)3-","NiAsS","NiAsS","Ni^3+^(AsS)^3-^","Ni As S","IMA2022 s.p."," ",5005,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Ni^3+ As S","Gdf-Pa3","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Paragonite","Paragonite","NaAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","NaAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","NaAl_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","NaAl_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","Na Al Si O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",3510,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Al Si O H","Pg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Paraguanajuatite","Paraguanajuatite","Bi3+2Se2-3","Bi2Se3","Bi_2_Se_3_","Bi^3+^_2_Se^2-^_3_","Bi Se"," "," ",3511,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","R3m","Bi^3+ Se^2-","Pgj","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Parahibbingite","Parahibbingite","Fe2+2(OH)3Cl","Fe2+2(OH)3Cl","Fe^2+^_2_(OH)_3_Cl","Fe^2+^_2_(OH)_3_Cl","Fe O H Cl","IMA2020-038a"," ",7095," ","hexagonal","R3m","Fe^2+ O H Cl","Phib","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration","No" +"Parahopeite","Parahopeite","Zn2+3(PO4)2·4H2O","Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O","Zn_3_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn P O H"," "," ",3512,"Parahopeite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ P O H","Phop","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Parakeldyshite","Parakeldyshite","Na2Zr4+Si2O7","Na2ZrSi2O7","Na_2_ZrSi_2_O_7_","Na_2_Zr^4+^Si_2_O_7_","Na Zr Si O","IMA1975-035"," ",3514," ","triclinic","P1","Na Zr^4+ Si O","Pkel","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Parakuzmenkoite-Fe","Parakuzmenkoite-Fe","(K,Ba)8Fe2+4Ti4+16(Si4O12)8(OH,O)16·20-28H2O","(K,Ba)8Fe4Ti16(Si4O12)8(OH,O)16·20-28H2O","(K,Ba)_8_Fe_4_Ti_16_(Si_4_O_12_)_8_(OH,O)_16_·20-28H_2_O","(K,Ba)_8_Fe^2+^_4_Ti^4+^_16_(Si_4_O_12_)_8_(OH,O)_16_·20-28H_2_O","K Ba Fe Ti Si O H","IMA2001-007"," ",3516,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Ba Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Pkz-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Paralabuntsovite-Mg","Paralabuntsovite-Mg","Na8K8Mg4Ti4+16(Si4O12)8(O,OH)16·20-24H2O","Na8K8Mg4Ti16(Si4O12)8(OH,O)16·20-24H2O","Na_8_K_8_Mg_4_Ti_16_(Si_4_O_12_)_8_(OH,O)_16_·20-24H_2_O","Na_8_K_8_Mg_4_Ti^4+^_16_(Si_4_O_12_)_8_(O,OH)_16_·20-24H_2_O","Na K Mg Ti Si O H","IMA2000 s.p."," ",3517,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","B2/m","Na K Mg Ti^4+ Si O H","Plab-Mg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments","No" +"Paralammerite","Paralammerite","Cu2+3(As5+O4)2","Cu3(AsO4)2","Cu_3_(AsO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_","Cu As O","IMA2009-002"," ",5732,"Lammerite-β","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ As^5+ O","Lmr-β","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Paralaurionite","Paralaurionite","Pb2+Cl(OH)","PbCl(OH)","PbCl(OH)","Pb^2+^Cl(OH)","Pb Cl O H"," "," ",3518," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Cl O H","Plri","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Paralomonosovite","Paralomonosovite","Na2☐4Na2Ti4+2Na2Ti4+2(Si2O7)2[PO3(OH)][PO2(OH)2]O2(OF)","Na2☐4Na2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2[PO3(OH)][PO2(OH)2]O2(OF)","Na_2_[box]_4_Na_2_Ti_2_Na_2_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_[PO_3_(OH)][PO_2_(OH)_2_]O_2_(OF)","Na_2_[box]_4_Na_2_Ti^4+^_2_Na_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_[PO_3_(OH)][PO_2_(OH)_2_]O_2_(OF)","Na Ti Si O P H F","IMA2014-J, IMA2022 s.p."," ",6400,"Seidozerite-Murmanite","triclinic","P1","Na Ti^4+ Si O P H F","Blom","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paralstonite","Paralstonite","BaCa(CO3)2","BaCa(CO3)2","BaCa(CO_3_)_2_","BaCa(CO_3_)_2_","Ba Ca C O","IMA1979-015"," ",3519,"Paralstonite","hexagonal","P321","Ba Ca C O","Pasn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Paramarkeyite","Paramarkeyite","Ca2(U6+O2)(CO3)3·5H2O","Ca2(UO2)(CO3)3·5H2O","Ca_2_(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·5H_2_O","Ca_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·5H_2_O","Ca U O C H","IMA2021-024"," ",7135," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca U^6+ O C H","Pma","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paramelaconite","Paramelaconite","Cu1+2Cu2+2O3","Cu1+2Cu2+2O3","Cu^1+^_2_Cu^2+^_2_O_3_","Cu^1+^_2_Cu^2+^_2_O_3_","Cu O"," "," ",3520," ","tetragonal","I41/amd","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ O","Pml","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Paramendozavilite","Paramendozavilite","NaAl4Fe3+7(PO4)5(PMo6+12O40)(OH)16·56H2O","NaAl4Fe7(PO4)5(PMo12O40)(OH)16·56H2O","NaAl_4_Fe_7_(PO_4_)_5_(PMo_12_O_40_)(OH)_16_·56H_2_O","NaAl_4_Fe^3+^_7_(PO_4_)_5_(PMo^6+^_12_O_40_)(OH)_16_·56H_2_O","Na Al Fe P O Mo H","IMA1982-010"," ",3521," ",,,"Na Al Fe^3+ P O Mo^6+ H","Pmdz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paramolybdomenite","Paramolybdomenite","Pb2+Se4+O3","PbSeO3","PbSeO_3_","Pb^2+^Se^4+^O_3_","Pb Se O","IMA2023-025"," ",7380," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ Se^4+ O","Pmdm",,"No" +"Paramontroseite","Paramontroseite","V4+O2","VO2","VO_2_","V^4+^O_2_","V O"," "," ",3522,"Ramsdellite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","V^4+ O","Pmto","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paranatisite","Paranatisite","Na2Ti4+O(SiO4)","Na2TiO(SiO4)","Na_2_TiO(SiO_4_)","Na_2_Ti^4+^O(SiO_4_)","Na Ti O Si","IMA1990-016"," ",3523," ","orthorhombic","Pmc21, Pmma","Na Ti^4+ O Si","Pnts","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Paranatrolite","Paranatrolite","Na2(Si3Al2)O10·3H2O","Na2(Si3Al2)O10·3H2O","Na_2_(Si_3_Al_2_)O_10_·3H_2_O","Na_2_(Si_3_Al_2_)O_10_·3H_2_O","Na Si Al O H","IMA1978-017"," ",3524,"Natrolite","monoclinic","Fd","Na Si Al O H","Pntr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Paraniite-(Y)","Paraniite-(Y)","(Ca,Y,Dy)2Y(W6+O4)2As5+O4","(Ca,Y,Dy)2Y(WO4)2(AsO4)","(Ca,Y,Dy)_2_Y(WO_4_)_2_(AsO_4_)","(Ca,Y,Dy)_2_Y(W^6+^O_4_)_2_As^5+^O_4_","Ca Y Dy W O As","IMA1992-018"," ",3525," ","tetragonal","I41/a","Ca Y Dy W^6+ O As^5+","Prn-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paraotwayite","Paraotwayite","Ni2+(OH)2-x(S6+O4,CO3)0.5x","Ni(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5x","Ni(OH)_2-x_(SO_4_,CO_3_)_0.5x_","Ni^2+^(OH)_2-x_(S^6+^O_4_,CO_3_)_0.5x_","Ni O H S C","IMA1984-045a"," ",3526," ","monoclinic",,"Ni^2+ O H S^6+ C","Potw","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Parapierrotite","Parapierrotite","Tl1+Sb3+5S2-8","TlSb5S8","TlSb_5_S_8_","Tl^1+^Sb^3+^_5_S^2-^_8_","Tl Sb S","IMA1974-059"," ",3527," ","monoclinic","Pn","Tl^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ppie","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pararaisaite","Pararaisaite","Cu2+Mg[Te6+O4(OH)2]·6H2O","CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2]·6H2O","CuMg[Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_2_]·6H_2_O","Cu^2+^Mg[Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_2_]·6H_2_O","Cu Mg Te O H","IMA2017-110"," ",6736," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Mg Te^6+ O H","Prsa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Pararammelsbergite","Pararammelsbergite","Ni3+(As2)3-","NiAs2","NiAs_2_","Ni^3+^(As_2_)^3-^","Ni As"," "," ",3528,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ni^3+ As","Prmb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pararealgar","Pararealgar","AsS","As4S4","As_4_S_4_","AsS","As S","IMA1980-034"," ",3529," ","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/n","As S","Prlg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM28 - Photo-alteration, pre-biotic, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Pararobertsite","Pararobertsite","Ca2Mn3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O","Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2·3H2O","Ca_2_Mn^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_O_2_·3H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^3+^_3_O_2_(PO_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Ca Mn P O H","IMA1987-039"," ",3530," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Mn^3+ O P H","Prb","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Pararsenolamprite","Pararsenolamprite","As","As","As","As","As","IMA1999-047"," ",3531," ","orthorhombic",,"As","Pasl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","Yes" +"Parascandolaite","Parascandolaite","KMgF3","KMgF3","KMgF_3_","KMgF_3_","K Mg F","IMA2013-092"," ",6250,"Perovskite","cubic","Pm3m","K Mg F","Psd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Paraschachnerite","Paraschachnerite","Ag3Hg2","Ag3Hg2","Ag_3_Hg_2_","Ag_3_Hg_2_","Ag Hg","IMA1971-056"," ",3532," ","orthorhombic",,"Ag Hg","Pshn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paraschoepite","Paraschoepite","U6+O3·(2-x)H2O","UO3·(2-x)H2O","UO_3_·(2-x)H_2_O","U^6+^O_3_·(2-x)H_2_O","U O H"," "," ",5130," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","U^6+ O H","Pshp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Parascholzite","Parascholzite","CaZn2+2(PO4)2·2H2O","CaZn2(PO4)2·2H2O","CaZn_2_(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","CaZn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Zn P O H","IMA1980-056"," ",3533," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Zn^2+ P O H","Pslz","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Parascorodite","Parascorodite","Fe3+As5+O4·2H2O","Fe3+(AsO4)·2H2O","Fe^3+^(AsO_4_)·2H_2_O","Fe^3+^As^5+^O_4_·2H_2_O","Fe As O H","IMA1996-061"," ",3534," ","hexagonal","P3c1","Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Pscd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Parasibirskite","Parasibirskite","CaHBO3","Ca2B2O5·H2O","Ca_2_B_2_O_5_·H_2_O","CaHBO_3_","Ca B O H","IMA1996-051"," ",3535," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca H B O","Psib","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Parasterryite","Parasterryite","Ag1+4Pb2+20(Sb3+,As3+)24S2-58","Ag4Pb20(Sb,As)24S58","Ag_4_Pb_20_(Sb,As)_24_S_58_","Ag^1+^_4_Pb^2+^_20_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_24_S^2-^_58_","Ag Pb Sb As S","IMA2010-033"," ",5863,"Madocite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Psty","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Parasymplesite","Parasymplesite","Fe2+3(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Fe2+3(AsO4)2·8H2O","Fe^2+^_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe As O H"," "," ",3537,"Vivianite","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^2+ As^5+ O H","Psym","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paratacamite","Paratacamite","Cu2+3(Cu2+,Zn2+)Cl2(OH)6","Cu3(Cu,Zn)Cl2(OH)6","Cu_3_(Cu,Zn)Cl_2_(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_3_(Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^)Cl_2_(OH)_6_","Cu Zn Cl O H"," "," ",3538,"Atacamite","hexagonal","R3","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ Cl O H","Pata","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Paratacamite-(Mg)","Paratacamite-(Mg)","Cu2+3(Mg,Cu2+)Cl2(OH)6","Cu3(Mg,Cu)Cl2(OH)6","Cu_3_(Mg,Cu)Cl_2_(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_3_(Mg,Cu^2+^)Cl_2_(OH)_6_","Cu Mg Cl O H","IMA2013-014"," ",6176,"Atacamite","hexagonal","R3","Cu^2+ Mg Cl O H","Pata-Mg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paratacamite-(Ni)","Paratacamite-(Ni)","Cu2+3(Ni2+,Cu2+)Cl2(OH)6","Cu3(Ni,Cu)Cl2(OH)6","Cu_3_(Ni,Cu)Cl_2_(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_3_(Ni^2+^,Cu^2+^)Cl_2_(OH)_6_","Cu Ni Cl O H","IMA2013-013"," ",6181,"Atacamite","hexagonal","R3","Cu^2+ Ni^2+ Cl O H","Pata-Ni","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Paratellurite","Paratellurite","Te4+O2","TeO2","TeO_2_","Te^4+^O_2_","Te O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3539,"Rutile","tetragonal","P41212","Te^4+ O","Ptlr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paratimroseite","Paratimroseite","Pb2+Cu2+2(Te6+O6)·H2O","Pb2Cu4(TeO6)2(H2O)2","Pb_2_Cu_4_(TeO_6_)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^_2_(Te^6+^O_6_)·H_2_O","Pb Cu Te O H","IMA2009-065"," ",5793,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","P212121","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H","Ptim","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paratobermorite","Paratobermorite","Ca4(Al0.5Si0.5)2Si4O16(OH)(H2O)2·(Ca·3H2O)","Ca4(Al0.5Si0.5)2Si4O16(OH)(H2O)2·(Ca·3H2O)","Ca_4_(Al_0.5_Si_0.5_)_2_Si_4_O_16_(OH)(H_2_O)_2_·(Ca·3H_2_O)","Ca_4_(Al_0.5_Si_0.5_)_2_Si_4_O_16_(OH)(H_2_O)_2_·(Ca·3H_2_O)","Ca Al Si O H","IMA2020-100"," ",7114,"Tobermorite","monoclinic",,"Ca Al Si O H","Ptbm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Paratooite-(La)","Paratooite-(La)","(La3+,Ca,Na,Sr)6Cu2+(CO3)8","(La,Ca,Na,Sr)6Cu(CO3)8","(La,Ca,Na,Sr)_6_Cu(CO_3_)_8_","(La^3+^,Ca,Na,Sr)_6_Cu^2+^(CO_3_)_8_","La Ca Na Sr Cu C O","IMA2005-020"," ",5460,"Carbocernaite","orthorhombic",,"La^3+ Ca Na Sr Cu^2+ C O","Pto-La","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Paratsepinite-Ba","Paratsepinite-Ba","(Ba,Na,K)2-x(Ti4+,Nb5+)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2·4H2O","(Ba,Na,K)2-x(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2·4H2O","(Ba,Na,K)_2-x_(Ti,Nb)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)(OH,O)_2_·4H_2_O","(Ba,Na,K)_2-x_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)(OH,O)_2_·4H_2_O","Ba Na K Ti Nb Si O H","IMA2002-006"," ",5131,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba Na K Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Ptse-Ba","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Paratsepinite-Na","Paratsepinite-Na","(Na,Sr,K,Ca)2(Ti4+,Nb5+)2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2·4H2O","(Na,Sr,K,Ca)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2·4H2O","(Na,Sr,K,Ca)_2_(Ti,Nb)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)(O,OH)_2_·4H_2_O","(Na,Sr,K,Ca)_2_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)(O,OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Sr K Ca Ti Nb Si O H","IMA2003-008"," ",5223,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Sr K Ca Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Ptse-Na","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Paraumbite","Paraumbite","K3Zr4+2H(Si3O9)2·3H2O","K3Zr2H(Si3O9)2·3H2O","K_3_Zr_2_H(Si_3_O_9_)_2_·3H_2_O","K_3_Zr^4+^_2_H(Si_3_O_9_)_2_·3H_2_O","K Zr H Si O","IMA1982-007"," ",3540," ","orthorhombic",,"K Zr^4+ H Si O","Pumb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Parauranophane","Parauranophane","Ca(U6+O2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O","Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_2_(SiO_3_OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(SiO_3_OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca U O Si H","IMA2022 s.p."," ",4532," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca U^6+ O Si H","Urp-β","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paravauxite","Paravauxite","Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Fe^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe Al P O H"," "," ",3541,"Laueite","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Al P O H","Pvx","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Paravinogradovite","Paravinogradovite","(Na,☐)2(Ti4+,Fe3+)4(Si2O6)2(Si3AlO10)(OH)4·H2O","(Na,☐)2(Ti4+,Fe3+)4(Si2O6)2(Si3AlO10)(OH)4·H2O","(Na,[box])_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_4_(Si_2_O_6_)_2_(Si_3_AlO_10_)(OH)_4_·H_2_O","(Na,[box])_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_4_(Si_2_O_6_)_2_(Si_3_AlO_10_)(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Na Ti Fe Si O Al H","IMA2002-033"," ",5151," ","triclinic","P1","Na Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Si O Al H","Pvgd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Parawulffite","Parawulffite","K5Na3Cu2+8(S6+O4)8O4","K5Na3Cu8O4(SO4)8","K_5_Na_3_Cu_8_O_4_(SO_4_)_8_","K_5_Na_3_Cu^2+^_8_(S^6+^O_4_)_8_O_4_","K Na Cu O S","IMA2013-036"," ",6201,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P2/c","K Na Cu^2+ S^6+ O","Pwlf","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Pargasite","Pargasite","NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Al)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_Al)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",3542,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Al Si O H","Prg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Parisite-(Ce)","Parisite-(Ce)","CaCe3+2(CO3)3F2","CaCe2(CO3)3F2","CaCe_2_(CO_3_)_3_F_2_","CaCe^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_3_F_2_","Ca Ce C O F","IMA1987 s.p."," ",3543,"Parisite","hexagonal, monoclinic","R3, Cc","Ca Ce^3+ C O F","Pst-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Parisite-(La)","Parisite-(La)","CaLa2(CO3)3F2","CaLa2(CO3)3F2","CaLa_2_(CO_3_)_3_F_2_","CaLa_2_(CO_3_)_3_F_2_","Ca La C O F","IMA2016-031"," ",6541,"Parisite","monoclinic",,"Ca La C O F","Pst-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Parisite-(Nd)","Parisite-(Nd)","CaNd2(CO3)3F2","CaNd2(CO3)3F2","CaNd_2_(CO_3_)_3_F_2_","CaNd_2_(CO_3_)_3_F_2_","Ca Nd C O F","IMA2024-013"," ",5132,"Parisite","monoclinic","Cc","Ca Nd C O F","Pst-Nd",,"No" +"Parkerite","Parkerite","Ni3(Bi,Pb)2S2","Ni3(Bi,Pb)2S2","Ni_3_(Bi,Pb)_2_S_2_","Ni_3_(Bi,Pb)_2_S_2_","Ni Bi Pb S"," "," ",3544," ","orthorhombic","Pmam","Ni Bi Pb S","Prk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Parkinsonite","Parkinsonite","Pb2+7Mo6+O9Cl2","Pb7MoO9Cl2","Pb_7_MoO_9_Cl_2_","Pb^2+^_7_Mo^6+^O_9_Cl_2_","Pb Mo O Cl","IMA1991-030"," ",3545,"Asisite","tetragonal",,"Pb^2+ Mo^6+ O Cl","Pkn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Parnauite","Parnauite","Cu2+9(As5+O4)2(S6+O4)(OH)10·7H2O","Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10·7H2O","Cu_9_(AsO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_10_·7H_2_O","Cu^2+^_9_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_10_·7H_2_O","Cu As O S H","IMA1978-014"," ",4948," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","P2122, Pmn21, P21","Cu^2+ As^5+ O S^6+ H","Pna","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Parsettensite","Parsettensite","(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn2+,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50·nH2O","(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50·nH2O","(K,Na,Ca)_7.5_(Mn,Mg)_49_Si_72_O_168_(OH)_50_·nH_2_O","(K,Na,Ca)_7.5_(Mn^2+^,Mg)_49_Si_72_O_168_(OH)_50_·nH_2_O","K Na Ca Mn Mg Si O H"," "," ",5133,"Stilpnomelane, Clay","monoclinic","C2/m","K Na Ca Mn^2+ Mg Si O H","Psn","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Parsonsite","Parsonsite","Pb2+2(U6+O2)(PO4)2","Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2","Pb_2_(UO_2_)(PO_4_)_2_","Pb^2+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(PO_4_)_2_","Pb U O P"," "," ",3547," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ U^6+ O P","Pso","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Parthéite","Partheite","Ca2(Si4Al4)O15(OH)2·4H2O","Ca2(Si4Al4)O15(OH)2·4H2O","Ca_2_(Si_4_Al_4_)O_15_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_2_(Si_4_Al_4_)O_15_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1978-026"," ",3548," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Si Al O H","Pth","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Parwanite","Parwanite","NaMg4Al8(PO4)8(CO3)(OH)7·30H2O","NaMg4Al8(PO4)8(CO3)(OH)7·30H2O","NaMg_4_Al_8_(PO_4_)_8_(CO_3_)(OH)_7_·30H_2_O","NaMg_4_Al_8_(PO_4_)_8_(CO_3_)(OH)_7_·30H_2_O","Na Mg Al P O C H","IMA1986-036a"," ",5570," ","monoclinic",,"Na Mg Al P O C H","Prw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Parwelite","Parwelite","Mn2+10Sb5+2As5+2Si2O24","Mn2+10Sb5+2As5+2Si2O24","Mn^2+^_10_Sb^5+^_2_As^5+^_2_Si_2_O_24_","Mn^2+^_10_Sb^5+^_2_As^5+^_2_Si_2_O_24_","Mn Sb As Si O","IMA1966-023"," ",3549," ","monoclinic","A2/a","Mn^2+ Sb^5+ As^5+ Si O","Pwe","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Pašavaite","Pasavaite","Pd3Pb2Te2","Pd3Pb2Te2","Pd_3_Pb_2_Te_2_","Pd_3_Pb_2_Te_2_","Pd Pb Te","IMA2007-059"," ",5658," ","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Pd Pb Te","Pšv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pascoite","Pascoite","Ca3[V5+10O28]·17H2O","Ca3V5+10O28·17H2O","Ca_3_V^5+^_10_O_28_·17H_2_O","Ca_3_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·17H_2_O","Ca V O H"," "," ",3550,"Pascoite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca V^5+ O H","Pas","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Paseroite","Paseroite","Pb2+(Mn2+,☐)(Fe3+,☐)2(V5+,Ti4+,☐)18O38","Pb(Mn2+,☐)(Fe3+,☐)2(V5+,Ti4+,☐)18O38","Pb(Mn^2+^,[box])(Fe^3+^,[box])_2_(V^5+^,Ti^4+^,[box])_18_O_38_","Pb^2+^(Mn^2+^,[box])(Fe^3+^,[box])_2_(V^5+^,Ti^4+^,[box])_18_O_38_","Pb Mn Fe V Ti O","IMA2011-069"," ",6012,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Fe^3+ V^5+ Ti^4+ O","Psr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Patrónite","Patronite","V4+(S2)2-2","VS4","VS_4_","V^4+^(S_2_)^2-^_2_","V S","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3551," ","monoclinic","I2/c","V^4+ S","Pat","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Pattersonite","Pattersonite","Pb2+Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)5·H2O","PbFe3(PO4)2(OH)5·H2O","PbFe_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_5_·H_2_O","Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_5_·H_2_O","Pb Fe P O H","IMA2005-049"," ",5590," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Patt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Patynite","Patynite","NaKCa4[Si9O23]","NaKCa4[Si9O23]","NaKCa_4_[Si_9_O_23_]","NaKCa_4_[Si_9_O_23_]","Na K Ca Si O","IMA2019-018"," ",6905,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Na K Ca Si O","Pty","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Pauflerite","Pauflerite","V4+O(S6+O4)","VO(SO4)","VO(SO_4_)","V^4+^O(S^6+^O_4_)","V O S","IMA2005-004"," ",5542," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","V^4+ O S^6+","Pfl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Pauladamsite","Pauladamsite","Cu2+4(Se4+O3)(S6+O4)(OH)4·2H2O","Cu4(SeO3)(SO4)(OH)4·2H2O","Cu_4_(SeO_3_)(SO_4_)(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_4_(Se^4+^O_3_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Cu Se O S H","IMA2015-005"," ",6411,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ Se^4+ O S^6+ H","Pad","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paulgrothite","Paulgrothite","Cu2+9Fe3+O4(PO4)4Cl","Cu9Fe3+O4(PO4)4Cl","Cu_9_Fe^3+^O_4_(PO_4_)_4_Cl","Cu^2+^_9_Fe^3+^O_4_(PO_4_)_4_Cl","Cu Fe O P Cl","IMA2021-004"," ",7178,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ O P Cl","Plgr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Paulingite-Ca","Paulingite-Ca","(Ca,K,Na,Ba,☐)10(Si,Al)42O84·34H2O","(Ca,K,Na,Ba,☐)10(Si,Al)42O84·34H2O","(Ca,K,Na,Ba,[box])_10_(Si,Al)_42_O_84_·34H_2_O","(Ca,K,Na,Ba,[box])_10_(Si,Al)_42_O_84_·34H_2_O","Ca K Na Ba Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",3552," ","cubic","Im3m","Ca K Na Ba Si Al O H","Pau-Ca","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Paulingite-K","Paulingite-K","(K,Ca,Na,Ba,☐)10(Si,Al)42O84·34H2O","(K,Ca,Na,Ba,☐)10(Si,Al)42O84·34H2O","(K,Ca,Na,Ba,[box])_10_(Si,Al)_42_O_84_·34H_2_O","(K,Ca,Na,Ba,[box])_10_(Si,Al)_42_O_84_·34H_2_O","K Ca Na Ba Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",3553," ","cubic","Im3m","K Ca Na Ba Si Al O H","Pau-K","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Paulišite","Paulisite","Ca2Zn2+(CO3)3·2H2O","Ca2Zn(CO3)3·2H2O","Ca_2_Zn(CO_3_)_3_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Zn^2+^(CO_3_)_3_·2H_2_O","Ca Zn C O H","IMA2023-031"," ",7386,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","Cc, Ia","Ca Zn^2+ C O H","Plš",,"No" +"Paulkellerite","Paulkellerite","Bi3+2Fe3+O2(PO4)(OH)2","Bi3+2Fe3+O2(PO4)(OH)2","Bi^3+^_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(PO_4_)(OH)_2_","Bi^3+^_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(PO_4_)(OH)_2_","Bi Fe O P H","IMA1987-031"," ",3555," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Bi^3+ Fe^3+ O P H","Pkl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paulkerrite","Paulkerrite","[(H2O)K]Mg2(Fe3+2Ti4+)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10·4H2O","[(H2O)K]Mg2(Fe3+2Ti)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10·4H2O","[(H_2_O)K]Mg_2_(Fe^3+^_2_Ti)(PO_4_)_4_(OF)(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","[(H_2_O)K]Mg_2_(Fe^3+^_2_Ti^4+^)(PO_4_)_4_(OF)(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","H O K Mg Fe Ti P F","IMA1983-014"," ",3556,"Paulkerrite","orthorhombic","Pbca","H O K Mg Fe^3+ Ti^4+ P F","Pke","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Paulmooreite","Paulmooreite","Pb2+2As3+2O5","Pb2As3+2O5","Pb_2_As^3+^_2_O_5_","Pb^2+^_2_As^3+^_2_O_5_","Pb As O","IMA1978-004"," ",3557," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Pb^2+ As^3+ O","Pmo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Pauloabibite","Pauloabibite","NaNb5+O3","NaNbO3","NaNbO_3_","NaNb^5+^O_3_","Na Nb O","IMA2012-090"," ",6153,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3","Na Nb^5+ O","Pla","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Paulrobinsonite","Paulrobinsonite","Ti8Fe4O2","Ti8Fe4O2","Ti_8_Fe_4_O_2_","Ti_8_Fe_4_O_2_","Ti Fe O","IMA2022-099a"," ",7357,"Not in a structural group","cubic","Fd3m","Ti Fe O","Prbs",,"No" +"Paulscherrerite","Paulscherrerite","U6+O2(OH)2","(UO2)(OH)2","(UO_2_)(OH)_2_","U^6+^O_2_(OH)_2_","U O H","IMA2008-022"," ",5681," ","monoclinic, orthorhombic",,"U^6+ O H","Psc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pautovite","Pautovite","CsFe2+Fe3+S2-3","CsFe2S3","CsFe_2_S_3_","CsFe^2+^Fe^3+^S^2-^_3_","Cs Fe S","IMA2004-005"," ",5268,"Cubanite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Cs Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Ptv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Pavlovskyite","Pavlovskyite","Ca8(SiO4)2(Si3O10)","Ca8(SiO4)2(Si3O10)","Ca_8_(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)","Ca_8_(SiO_4_)_2_(Si_3_O_10_)","Ca Si O","IMA2010-063"," ",5903," ","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Ca Si O","Pvs","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Pavonite","Pavonite","Ag1+Bi3+3S2-5","AgBi3S5","AgBi_3_S_5_","Ag^1+^Bi^3+^_3_S^2-^_5_","Ag Bi S"," "," ",3558,"Pavonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ag^1+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Pav","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Paxite","Paxite","CuAs2","CuAs2","CuAs_2_","CuAs_2_","Cu As","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3559,"Arsenopyrite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","P21/c","Cu As","Pax","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pearceite","Pearceite","[Ag1+9Cu1+S2-4][(Ag1+,Cu1+)6(As3+,Sb3+)2S2-7]","[Ag9CuS4][(Ag,Cu)6(As,Sb)2S7]","[Ag_9_CuS_4_][(Ag,Cu)_6_(As,Sb)_2_S_7_]","[Ag^1+^_9_Cu^1+^S^2-^_4_][(Ag^1+^,Cu^1+^)_6_(As^3+^,Sb^3+^)_2_S^2-^_7_]","Ag Cu S As Sb","IMA2006 s.p."," ",3560,"Polybasite","hexagonal, monoclinic","P3m1, C2/c, P321","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ S^2- As^3+ Sb^3+","Pea","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Peatite-(Y)","Peatite-(Y)","Li4Na12(Y,Na,Ca,REE)12(PO4)12(CO3)4(F,OH)8","Li4Na12(Y,Na,Ca,REE)12(PO4)12(CO3)4(F,OH)8","Li_4_Na_12_(Y,Na,Ca,REE)_12_(PO_4_)_12_(CO_3_)_4_(F,OH)_8_","Li_4_Na_12_(Y,Na,Ca,REE)_12_(PO_4_)_12_(CO_3_)_4_(F,OH)_8_","Li Na Y Ca REE P O C F H","IMA2009-020"," ",5749,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","P222","Li Na Y Ca REE P O C F H","Pti-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Pecoraite","Pecoraite","Ni2+3Si2O5(OH)4","Ni3Si2O5(OH)4","Ni_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Ni^2+^_3_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_4_","Ni Si O H","IMA1969-005"," ",3561,"Clay, Serpentine",,,"Ni^2+ Si O H","Pco","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pectolite","Pectolite","NaCa2Si3O8(OH)","NaCa2Si3O8(OH)","NaCa_2_Si_3_O_8_(OH)","NaCa_2_Si_3_O_8_(OH)","Na Ca Si O H"," "," ",3562,"Pectolite","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Si O H","Pct","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Peisleyite","Peisleyite","Na3Al16(PO4)10(S6+O4)2(OH)17·20H2O","Na3Al16(PO4)10(SO4)2(OH)17·20H2O","Na_3_Al_16_(PO_4_)_10_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_17_·20H_2_O","Na_3_Al_16_(PO_4_)_10_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_17_·20H_2_O","Na Al P O S H","IMA1981-053"," ",3563," ","monoclinic, triclinic","P1","Na Al P O S^6+ H","Pei","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pekoite","Pekoite","Cu1+Pb2+Bi3+11S2-18","CuPbBi11S18","CuPbBi_11_S_18_","Cu^1+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_11_S^2-^_18_","Cu Pb Bi S","IMA1975-014"," ",3564,"Meneghinite","orthorhombic","P21am","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Pek","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pekovite","Pekovite","SrB2Si2O8","SrB2Si2O8","SrB_2_Si_2_O_8_","SrB_2_Si_2_O_8_","Sr B Si O","IMA2003-035"," ",5241,"Danburite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Sr B Si O","Pko","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Péligotite","Peligotite","Na6(U6+O2)(S6+O4)4·4H2O","Na6(UO2)(SO4)4(H2O)4","Na_6_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_4_(H_2_O)_4_","Na_6_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·4H_2_O","Na U O S H","IMA2015-088"," ",6488," ","triclinic","P1","Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Pél","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Pellouxite","Pellouxite","(Cu1+,Ag1+)2Pb2+21Sb3+23S2-55ClO","(Cu,Ag)2Pb21Sb23S55ClO","(Cu,Ag)_2_Pb_21_Sb_23_S_55_ClO","(Cu^1+^,Ag^1+^)_2_Pb^2+^_21_Sb^3+^_23_S^2-^_55_ClO","Cu Ag Pb Sb S Cl O","IMA2001-033"," ",3565," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2- Cl O","Plx","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pellyite","Pellyite","Ba2CaFe2+2Si6O17","Ba2CaFe2+2Si6O17","Ba_2_CaFe^2+^_2_Si_6_O_17_","Ba_2_CaFe^2+^_2_Si_6_O_17_","Ba Ca Fe Si O","IMA1970-035"," ",3566," ","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Ba Ca Fe^2+ Si O","Ply","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Penberthycroftite","Penberthycroftite","[Al6(As5+O4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]·8H2O","[Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]·8H2O","[Al_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_9_(H_2_O)_5_]·8H_2_O","[Al_6_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_9_(H_2_O)_5_]·8H_2_O","Al As O H","IMA2015-025"," ",6426," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Al As^5+ O H","Pbc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pendevilleite-(Y)","Pendevilleite-(Y)","Mg2Y3Al(U6+O2)2(CO3)7(OH)6(H2O)16","Mg2Y3Al(UO2)2(CO3)7(OH)6(H2O)16","Mg_2_Y_3_Al(UO_2_)_2_(CO_3_)_7_(OH)_6_(H_2_O)_16_","Mg_2_Y_3_Al(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(CO_3_)_7_(OH)_6_(H_2_O)_16_","Mg Y Al U O C H","IMA2022-054"," ",7274,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Mg Y Al U^6+ O C H","Pnv-Y",,"No" +"Penfieldite","Penfieldite","Pb2+2Cl3(OH)","Pb2Cl3(OH)","Pb_2_Cl_3_(OH)","Pb^2+^_2_Cl_3_(OH)","Pb Cl O H"," "," ",3567," ","hexagonal","P6","Pb^2+ Cl O H","Pfd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Pengite","Pengite","(Pb2+8Sb3+3)Sb5+9O35","(Pb8Sb3+3)Sb5+9O35","(Pb_8_Sb^3+^_3_)Sb^5+^_9_O_35_","(Pb^2+^_8_Sb^3+^_3_)Sb^5+^_9_O_35_","Pb Sb O","IMA2022-068"," ",7290,"Pyrochlore","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ Sb^5+ O","Peg",,"No" +"Penikisite","Penikisite","BaMg2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3","BaMg2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3","BaMg_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","BaMg_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Ba Mg Al P O H","IMA1976-023"," ",3568,"Bjarebyite","triclinic, monoclinic","P21/m","Ba Mg Al P O H","Pks","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Penkvilksite","Penkvilksite","Na4Ti4+2Si8O22·4H2O","Na2TiSi4O11·2H2O","Na_2_TiSi_4_O_11_·2H_2_O","Na_4_Ti^4+^_2_Si_8_O_22_·4H_2_O","Na Ti Si O H","IMA1973-016"," ",5153," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pnca, P21/c","Na Ti^4+ Si O H","Pvl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Pennantite","Pennantite","(Mn2+,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8","Mn2+5Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)8","Mn^2+^_5_Al(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_8_","(Mn^2+^,Al)_6_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_8_","Mn Al Si O H"," "," ",3570,"Chlorite, Clay","orthorhombic",,"Mn^2+ Al Si O H","Pnn","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Penobsquisite","Penobsquisite","Ca2Fe2+[B9O13(OH)6]Cl·4H2O","Ca2Fe2+[B9O13(OH)6]Cl·4H2O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^[B_9_O_13_(OH)_6_]Cl·4H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^[B_9_O_13_(OH)_6_]Cl·4H_2_O","Ca Fe B O H Cl","IMA1995-014"," ",3571," ","monoclinic","P21","Ca Fe^2+ B O H Cl","Pnb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Penriceite","Penriceite","[Mg(H2O)6][Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2F6]·H2O","[Mg(H2O)6][Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2F6]·H2O","[Mg(H_2_O)_6_][Na(H_2_O)_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_F_6_]·H_2_O","[Mg(H_2_O)_6_][Na(H_2_O)_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_F_6_]·H_2_O","Mg H O Na Al P F","IMA2021-068"," ",7175,"Aldermanite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg H O Na Al P F","Prc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Penroseite","Penroseite","(Ni2+,Co,Cu)(Se2)2-","(Ni,Co,Cu)Se2","(Ni,Co,Cu)Se_2_","(Ni^2+^,Co,Cu)(Se_2_)^2-^","Ni Co Cu Se"," "," ",3572,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Ni^2+ Co Cu Se","Pen","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pentagonite","Pentagonite","CaV4+OSi4O10·4H2O","CaV4+OSi4O10·4H2O","CaV^4+^OSi_4_O_10_·4H_2_O","CaV^4+^OSi_4_O_10_·4H_2_O","Ca V O Si H","IMA1971-039"," ",3573," ","orthorhombic","Ccm21","Ca V^4+ O Si H","Ptg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration","No" +"Pentahydrite","Pentahydrite","MgS6+O4·5H2O","Mg(SO4)·5H2O","Mg(SO_4_)·5H_2_O","MgS^6+^O_4_·5H_2_O","Mg S O H"," "," ",3574,"Chalcanthite","triclinic","P1","Mg S^6+ O H","Phy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Pentahydroborite","Pentahydroborite","CaB2O(OH)6·2H2O","CaB2O(OH)6·2H2O","CaB_2_O(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","CaB_2_O(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Ca B O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3575," ","triclinic","P1","Ca B O H","Phb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Pentlandite","Pentlandite","(Ni,Fe)9S8","(Ni,Fe)9S8","(Ni,Fe)_9_S_8_","(Ni,Fe)_9_S_8_","Ni Fe S"," "," ",3576,"Pentlandite","cubic","Fm3m","Ni Fe S","Pn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Penzhinite","Penzhinite","(Ag,Cu)4Au(S,Se)4","(Ag,Cu)4Au(S,Se)4","(Ag,Cu)_4_Au(S,Se)_4_","(Ag,Cu)_4_Au(S,Se)_4_","Ag Cu Au S Se","IMA1982-027"," ",3577," ","hexagonal","P6322","Ag Cu Au S Se","Pzh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Peprossiite-(Ce)","Peprossiite-(Ce)","Ce3+Al2(B3.67Si0.33)O10.67","CeAl2(B3.67Si0.33)O10.67","CeAl_2_(B_3.67_Si_0.33_)O_10.67_","Ce^3+^Al_2_(B_3.67_Si_0.33_)O_10.67_","Ce Al B Si O","IMA1990-002"," ",3578,"Peprossiite","hexagonal","P62m","Ce^3+ Al B Si O","Pep-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Peprossiite-(Y)","Peprossiite-(Y)","YAl2(B3.67Si0.33)O10.67","YAl2(B3.67Si0.33)O10.67","YAl_2_(B_3.67_Si_0.33_)O_10.67_","YAl_2_(B_3.67_Si_0.33_)O_10.67_","Y Al B Si O","IMA2024-046"," ",7506,"Peprossiite","hexagonal","P31m","Y Al B Si O","Pep-Y",,"No" +"Perbøeite-(Ce)","Perboeite-(Ce)","(CaCe3+3)(Al3Fe2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)3O(OH)2","(CaCe3)(Al3Fe2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)3O(OH)2","(CaCe_3_)(Al_3_Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)_3_O(OH)_2_","(CaCe^3+^_3_)(Al_3_Fe^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)_3_O(OH)_2_","Ca Ce Al Fe Si O H","IMA2011-055"," ",5999,"Gatelite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Ce^3+ Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Pbø-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Perbøeite-(La)","Perboeite-(La)","(CaLa3)(Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2","(CaLa3)(Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2","(CaLa_3_)(Al_3_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]_3_O(OH)_2_","(CaLa_3_)(Al_3_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]_3_O(OH)_2_","Ca La Al Fe Si O H","IMA2018-116"," ",6847,"Gatelite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca La Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Pbø-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Perchiazziite","Perchiazziite","Co2+2(CO3)(OH)2","Co2(CO3)(OH)2","Co_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Co^2+^_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Co C O H","IMA2023-013"," ",7367,"Malachite","monoclinic","P21/a","Co^2+ C O H","Pcz",,"No" +"Percleveite-(Ce)","Percleveite-(Ce)","Ce3+2Si2O7","Ce2Si2O7","Ce_2_Si_2_O_7_","Ce^3+^_2_Si_2_O_7_","Ce Si O","IMA2002-023"," ",5154,"Percleveite","tetragonal","P41","Ce^3+ Si O","Pcv-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Percleveite-(La)","Percleveite-(La)","La2Si2O7","La2Si2O7","La_2_Si_2_O_7_","La_2_Si_2_O_7_","La Si O","IMA2019-037"," ",6925,"Percleveite","tetragonal","P41","La Si O","Pcv-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Peretaite","Peretaite","CaSb3+4O4(S6+O4)2(OH)2·2H2O","CaSb3+4O4(SO4)2(OH)2·2H2O","CaSb^3+^_4_O_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","CaSb^3+^_4_O_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Sb O S H","IMA1979-068"," ",3579," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Sb^3+ O S^6+ H","Pta","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Perettiite-(Y)","Perettiite-(Y)","Y2Mn2+4Fe2+Si2B8O24","Y2Mn2+4Fe2+Si2B8O24","Y_2_Mn^2+^_4_Fe^2+^Si_2_B_8_O_24_","Y_2_Mn^2+^_4_Fe^2+^Si_2_B_8_O_24_","Y Mn Fe Si B O","IMA2014-109"," ",6413,"Perettiite","orthorhombic","Pmna","Y Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Si B O","Ptt-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Perhamite","Perhamite","Ca3Al7.7Si3P4O23.5(OH)14.1·8H2O","Ca3Al7.7Si3P4O23.5(OH)14.1·8H2O","Ca_3_Al_7.7_Si_3_P_4_O_23.5_(OH)_14.1_·8H_2_O","Ca_3_Al_7.7_Si_3_P_4_O_23.5_(OH)_14.1_·8H_2_O","Ca Al Si P O H","IMA1975-019"," ",3580,"Perhamite","hexagonal","P3m1","Ca Al Si P O H","Phm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Periclase","Periclase","MgO","MgO","MgO","MgO","Mg O"," "," ",3581,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m, Fm3m","Mg O","Per","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Perite","Perite","Pb2+Bi3+O2Cl","PbBiO2Cl","PbBiO_2_Cl","Pb^2+^Bi^3+^O_2_Cl","Pb Bi O Cl","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3582,"Nadorite","orthorhombic","Bmmb","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ O Cl","Pe","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Perlialite","Perlialite","K9NaCa(Si24Al12)O72·15H2O","K9NaCa(Si24Al12)O72·15H2O","K_9_NaCa(Si_24_Al_12_)O_72_·15H_2_O","K_9_NaCa(Si_24_Al_12_)O_72_·15H_2_O","K Na Ca Si Al O H","IMA1982-032"," ",3583," ","hexagonal","P6/mmm","K Na Ca Si Al O H","Pll","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Perloffite","Perloffite","BaMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3","BaMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3","BaMn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","BaMn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Ba Mn Fe P O H","IMA1976-002"," ",3584,"Bjarebyite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ba Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Plf","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Permingeatite","Permingeatite","Cu3SbSe2-4","Cu3SbSe4","Cu_3_SbSe_4_","Cu_3_SbSe^2-^_4_","Cu Sb Se","IMA1971-003"," ",3586,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I42m","Cu Sb Se^2-","Pmg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Perovskite","Perovskite","CaTi4+O3","CaTiO3","CaTiO_3_","CaTi^4+^O_3_","Ca Ti O"," "," ",3587,"Perovskite","orthorhombic, cubic","Pbnm, Im3, Cmmm, Pm3m","Ca Ti^4+ O","Prv","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Perraultite","Perraultite","NaBaMn2+4Ti4+2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F","NaBaMn4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F","NaBaMn_4_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_F","NaBaMn^2+^_4_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_F","Na Ba Mn Ti Si O H F","IMA1984-033"," ",3588,"Seidozerite-Bafertisite","monoclinic, triclinic","C2, C1","Na Ba Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H F","Prt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Perrierite-(Ce)","Perrierite-(Ce)","Ce3+4MgFe3+2Ti4+2O8(Si2O7)2","Ce4MgFe3+2Ti2O8(Si2O7)2","Ce_4_MgFe^3+^_2_Ti_2_O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_","Ce^3+^_4_MgFe^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_2_O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_","Ce Mg Fe Ti O Si","IMA1987 s.p."," ",3589,"Chevkinite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ce^3+ Mg Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O Si","Prr-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Perrierite-(La)","Perrierite-(La)","(La,Ce3+,Ca)4(Fe2+,Mn2+)(Ti4+,Fe3+,Al)4(Si2O7)2O8","(La,Ce,Ca)4(Fe2+,Mn)(Ti,Fe3+,Al)4[(Si2O7)O4]2","(La,Ce,Ca)_4_(Fe^2+^,Mn)(Ti,Fe^3+^,Al)_4_[(Si_2_O_7_)O_4_]_2_","(La,Ce^3+^,Ca)_4_(Fe^2+^,Mn^2+^)(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Al)_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_8_","La Ce Ca Fe Mn Ti Al Si O","IMA2010-089"," ",5135,"Chevkinite","monoclinic","P21/a","La Ce^3+ Ca Fe^2+ Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Al Si O","Prr-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Perroudite","Perroudite","Ag1+4Hg2+5S2-5(I1-,Br)2Cl2","Ag4Hg5S5(I,Br)2Cl2","Ag_4_Hg_5_S_5_(I,Br)_2_Cl_2_","Ag^1+^_4_Hg^2+^_5_S^2-^_5_(I^1-^,Br)_2_Cl_2_","Ag Hg S I Br Cl","IMA1986-035"," ",3590," ","orthorhombic","P21212","Ag^1+ Hg^2+ S^2- I^1- Br Cl","Pro","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Perryite","Perryite","(Ni,Fe)8(Si,P)3","(Ni,Fe)8(Si,P)3","(Ni,Fe)_8_(Si,P)_3_","(Ni,Fe)_8_(Si,P)_3_","Ni Fe Si P","IMA1968 s.p."," ",3591," ","hexagonal","R3c","Ni Fe Si P","Pry","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Pertlikite","Pertlikite","K2(Fe2+,Mg)2(Mg,Fe3+)4Fe3+2Al(S6+O4)12·18H2O","K2(Fe2+,Mg)2(Mg,Fe3+)4Fe3+2Al(SO4)12·18H2O","K_2_(Fe^2+^,Mg)_2_(Mg,Fe^3+^)_4_Fe^3+^_2_Al(SO_4_)_12_·18H_2_O","K_2_(Fe^2+^,Mg)_2_(Mg,Fe^3+^)_4_Fe^3+^_2_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_12_·18H_2_O","K Fe Mg Al S O H","IMA2005-055"," ",5584,"Voltaite","tetragonal","I41/acd","K Fe^2+ Mg Fe^3+ Al S^6+ O H","Plk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Pertoldite","Pertoldite","GeO2","GeO2","GeO_2_","GeO_2_","Ge O","IMA2021-074"," ",7182,"Quartz","hexagonal","P3121, P3221","Ge O","Pert","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Pertsevite-(F)","Pertsevite-(F)","Mg2BO3F","Mg2(BO3)F","Mg_2_(BO_3_)F","Mg_2_BO_3_F","Mg B O F","IMA2002-030"," ",5155,"Pertsevite","orthorhombic","Pna21","Mg B O F","Psv-F","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Pertsevite-(OH)","Pertsevite-(OH)","Mg2BO3(OH)","Mg2(BO3)(OH)","Mg_2_(BO_3_)(OH)","Mg_2_BO_3_(OH)","Mg B O H","IMA2008-060"," ",5720,"Pertsevite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mg B O H","Psv-OH","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Petalite","Petalite","LiAlSi4O10","LiAlSi4O10","LiAlSi_4_O_10_","LiAlSi_4_O_10_","Li Al Si O"," "," ",3592,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P2/c, P2/a","Li Al Si O","Ptl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Petarasite","Petarasite","Na5Zr4+2Si6O18(Cl,OH)·2H2O","Na5Zr2Si6O18(Cl,OH)·2H2O","Na_5_Zr_2_Si_6_O_18_(Cl,OH)·2H_2_O","Na_5_Zr^4+^_2_Si_6_O_18_(Cl,OH)·2H_2_O","Na Zr Si O Cl H","IMA1979-063"," ",3593," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Na Zr^4+ Si O Cl H","Pra","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Petedunnite","Petedunnite","CaZn2+Si2O6","CaZnSi2O6","CaZnSi_2_O_6_","CaZn^2+^Si_2_O_6_","Ca Zn Si O","IMA1983-073"," ",3594,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Zn^2+ Si O","Pdu","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Peterandresenite","Peterandresenite","Mn2+4Nb5+6O19·14H2O","Mn4Nb6O19·14H2O","Mn_4_Nb_6_O_19_·14H_2_O","Mn^2+^_4_Nb^5+^_6_O_19_·14H_2_O","Mn Nb O H","IMA2012-084"," ",6147,"Peterandresenite","monoclinic","C2/m","Mn^2+ Nb^5+ O H","Pan","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Peterbaylissite","Peterbaylissite","Hg1+3CO3(OH)·2H2O","Hg3(CO3)(OH)·2H2O","Hg_3_(CO_3_)(OH)·2H_2_O","Hg^1+^_3_CO_3_(OH)·2H_2_O","Hg C O H","IMA1993-041"," ",3595," ","orthorhombic","Pcab","Hg^1+ C O H","Pby","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Peterchinite","Peterchinite","Zn2+3Zn2+2(OH)6As5+[O3(OH)3]","Zn3Zn2(OH)6As[O3(OH)3]","Zn_3_Zn_2_(OH)_6_As[O_3_(OH)_3_]","Zn^2+^_3_Zn^2+^_2_(OH)_6_As^5+^[O_3_(OH)_3_]","Zn O H As","IMA2023-050"," ",7398,"Chlorophoenicite","monoclinic","C2/m","Zn^2+ O H As^5+","Pcn",,"No" +"Petermegawite","Petermegawite","Al6(Se4+O3)3[SiO3(OH)](OH)9·10H2O","Al6(Se4+O3)3[SiO3(OH)](OH)9·10H2O","Al_6_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_[SiO_3_(OH)](OH)_9_·10H_2_O","Al_6_(Se^4+^O_3_)_3_[SiO_3_(OH)](OH)_9_·10H_2_O","Al Se O Si H","IMA2021-079"," ",7185,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Al Se^4+ O Si H","Pmw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Petersenite-(Ce)","Petersenite-(Ce)","Na4Ce3+2(CO3)5","Na4Ce2(CO3)5","Na_4_Ce_2_(CO_3_)_5_","Na_4_Ce^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_5_","Na Ce C O","IMA1992-048"," ",3596,"Burbankite","monoclinic","P21","Na Ce^3+ C O","Pet-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Petersite-(Ce)","Petersite-(Ce)","Cu2+6Ce3+(PO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","Cu6Ce(PO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","Cu_6_Ce(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_Ce^3+^(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu Ce P O H","IMA2014-002"," ",6259,"Mixite","hexagonal","P63/m","Cu^2+ Ce^3+ P O H","Pts-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Petersite-(La)","Petersite-(La)","Cu2+6La(PO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","Cu6La(PO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","Cu_6_La(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_La(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu La P O H","IMA2017-089"," ",6716,"Mixite","hexagonal","P63/m","Cu^2+ La P O H","Pts-La","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Petersite-(Y)","Petersite-(Y)","Cu2+6Y(PO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","Cu6Y(PO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","Cu_6_Y(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_Y(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu Y P O H","IMA1981-064, IMA1987 s.p."," ",3597,"Mixite","hexagonal","P63/m","Cu^2+ Y P O H","Pts-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Petewilliamsite","Petewilliamsite","(Ni2+,Co2+)30(As5+2O7)15","(Ni,Co)30(As2O7)15","(Ni,Co)_30_(As_2_O_7_)_15_","(Ni^2+^,Co^2+^)_30_(As^5+^_2_O_7_)_15_","Ni Co As O","IMA2002-059"," ",5208," ","monoclinic","C2","Ni^2+ Co^2+ As^5+ O","Pwi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Petitjeanite","Petitjeanite","Bi3+3O(PO4)2(OH)","Bi3O(PO4)2(OH)","Bi_3_O(PO_4_)_2_(OH)","Bi^3+^_3_O(PO_4_)_2_(OH)","Bi O P H","IMA1992-013"," ",3598," ","triclinic","P1","Bi^3+ O P H","Pjn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Petříčekite","Petricekite","Cu2+(Se2)2-","CuSe2","CuSe_2_","Cu^2+^(Se_2_)^2-^","Cu Se","IMA2015-111"," ",6509,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Cu^2+ Se","Pčk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Petrovicite","Petrovicite","Cu1+3Hg2+Pb2+Bi3+Se2-5","Cu3HgPbBiSe5","Cu_3_HgPbBiSe_5_","Cu^1+^_3_Hg^2+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^Se^2-^_5_","Cu Hg Pb Bi Se","IMA1975-010"," ",3599,"Petrovicite","orthorhombic",,"Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Se^2-","Pvc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Petrovite","Petrovite","Na12Cu2+2(S6+O4)8","Na12Cu2(SO4)8","Na_12_Cu_2_(SO_4_)_8_","Na_12_Cu^2+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_8_","Na Cu S O","IMA2018-149b"," ",6967,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Cu^2+ S^6+ O","Pv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Petrovskaite","Petrovskaite","AuAgS","AuAgS","AuAgS","AuAgS","Au Ag S","IMA1983-079"," ",3600," ","monoclinic",,"Au Ag S","Pvk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Petrukite","Petrukite","(Cu1+,Ag1+)2(Fe2+,Zn2+)(Sn4+,In4+)S2-4","(Cu,Ag)2(Fe,Zn)(Sn,In)S4","(Cu,Ag)_2_(Fe,Zn)(Sn,In)S_4_","(Cu^1+^,Ag^1+^)_2_(Fe^2+^,Zn^2+^)(Sn^4+^,In^4+^)S^2-^_4_","Cu Ag Fe Zn Sn In S","IMA1985-052"," ",3601,"Enargite, Wurtzite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Fe^2+ Zn^2+ Sn^4+ In^4+ S^2-","Ptk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Petscheckite","Petscheckite","U4+Fe2+Nb5+2O8","U4+Fe2+Nb2O8","U^4+^Fe^2+^Nb_2_O_8_","U^4+^Fe^2+^Nb^5+^_2_O_8_","U Fe Nb O","IMA1975-038"," ",3602," ","hexagonal","P31m","U^4+ Fe^2+ Nb^5+ O","Psk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Petterdite","Petterdite","Pb2+Cr3+2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O","PbCr2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O","PbCr_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Pb^2+^Cr^3+^_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Pb Cr C O H","IMA1999-034"," ",3603,"Dundasite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Pb^2+ Cr^3+ C O H","Pte","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Petzite","Petzite","Ag1+3Au1+Te2-2","Ag3AuTe2","Ag_3_AuTe_2_","Ag^1+^_3_Au^1+^Te^2-^_2_","Ag Au Te"," "," ",3604," ","cubic","I4132","Ag^1+ Au^1+ Te^2-","Ptz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pezzottaite","Pezzottaite","CsLiBe2Al2Si6O18","CsLiBe2Al2Si6O18","CsLiBe_2_Al_2_Si_6_O_18_","CsLiBe_2_Al_2_Si_6_O_18_","Cs Li Be Al Si O","IMA2003-022"," ",5156,"Beryl","hexagonal","R3c, R3m, R3c","Cs Li Be Al Si O","Pez","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Pfaffenbergite","Pfaffenbergite","KNa3(Al4Si12)O32","KNa3(Al4Si12)O32","KNa_3_(Al_4_Si_12_)O_32_","KNa_3_(Al_4_Si_12_)O_32_","K Na Al Si O","IMA2023-105"," ",7453,"Cymrite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Na Al Si O","Pfg",,"No" +"Pharmacoalumite","Pharmacoalumite","KAl4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·6.5H2O","KAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6.5H2O","KAl_4_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·6.5H_2_O","KAl_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·6.5H_2_O","K Al As O H","IMA1980-002"," ",858,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic","P43m","K Al As^5+ O H","Pal","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pharmacolite","Pharmacolite","Ca(As5+O3OH)·2H2O","Ca(AsO3OH)·2H2O","Ca(AsO_3_OH)·2H_2_O","Ca(As^5+^O_3_OH)·2H_2_O","Ca As O H"," "," ",3605,"Gypsum","monoclinic","Ia","Ca As^5+ O H","Pmc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Pharmacosiderite","Pharmacosiderite","KFe3+4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O","KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O","KFe^3+^_4_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·6-7H_2_O","KFe^3+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·6-7H_2_O","K Fe As O H"," "," ",3606,"Pharmacosiderite","tetragonal, cubic","P43m","K Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Pmsd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pharmazincite","Pharmazincite","KZn2+As5+O4","KZn(AsO4)","KZn(AsO_4_)","KZn^2+^As^5+^O_4_","K Zn As O","IMA2014-015"," ",6313,"Tridymite-Nepheline","hexagonal","P63","K Zn^2+ As^5+ O","Pznc","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Phaunouxite","Phaunouxite","Ca3(As5+O4)2·11H2O","Ca3(AsO4)2·11H2O","Ca_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·11H_2_O","Ca_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·11H_2_O","Ca As O H","IMA1980-062"," ",3607," ","triclinic","P1","Ca As^5+ O H","Pnx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Phenakite","Phenakite","Be2SiO4","Be2(SiO4)","Be_2_(SiO_4_)","Be_2_SiO_4_","Be Si O"," "," ",3608,"Phenakite","hexagonal","R3","Be Si O","Phk","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Philipsbornite","Philipsbornite","Pb2+Al3(As5+O4)(As5+O3OH)(OH)6","PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6","PbAl_3_(AsO_4_)(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^Al_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Pb Al As O H","IMA1981-029"," ",3609,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Al As^5+ O H","Pbn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Philipsburgite","Philipsburgite","Cu2+5Zn2+(As5+O4)(PO4)(OH)6·H2O","Cu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6·H2O","Cu_5_Zn(AsO_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)_6_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^_5_Zn^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)_6_·H_2_O","Cu Zn As O P H","IMA1984-029, IMA2020-G, IMA2021"," ",3610,"Philipsburgite","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O P H","Pbu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phillipsite-Ca","Phillipsite-Ca","Ca3(Si10Al6)O32·12H2O","Ca3(Si10Al6)O32·12H2O","Ca_3_(Si_10_Al_6_)O_32_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_(Si_10_Al_6_)O_32_·12H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",3611,"Harmotome","monoclinic, orthorhombic","P21/m, B2mb","Ca Si Al O H","Php-Ca","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Phillipsite-K","Phillipsite-K","K6(Si10Al6)O32·12H2O","K6(Si10Al6)O32·12H2O","K_6_(Si_10_Al_6_)O_32_·12H_2_O","K_6_(Si_10_Al_6_)O_32_·12H_2_O","K Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",3612,"Harmotome","monoclinic, orthorhombic","P21/m","K Si Al O H","Php-K","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Phillipsite-Na","Phillipsite-Na","Na6(Si10Al6)O32·12H2O","Na6(Si10Al6)O32·12H2O","Na_6_(Si_10_Al_6_)O_32_·12H_2_O","Na_6_(Si_10_Al_6_)O_32_·12H_2_O","Na Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",3613,"Harmotome","orthorhombic","B2mb","Na Si Al O H","Php-Na","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Philolithite","Philolithite","Pb2+12O6Mn2+7(S6+O4)(CO3)4Cl4(OH)12","Pb12O6Mn7(SO4)(CO3)4Cl4(OH)12","Pb_12_O_6_Mn_7_(SO_4_)(CO_3_)_4_Cl_4_(OH)_12_","Pb^2+^_12_O_6_Mn^2+^_7_(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)_4_Cl_4_(OH)_12_","Pb O Mn S C Cl H","IMA1996-020"," ",3614," ","tetragonal","P42/nnm","Pb^2+ O Mn^2+ S^6+ C Cl H","Phi","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Philoxenite","Philoxenite","(K,Na,Pb2+)4(Na,Ca)2(Mg,Cu2+)3(Fe3+0.5Al0.5)(S6+O4)8","(K,Na,Pb)4(Na,Ca)2(Mg,Cu)3(Fe3+0.5Al0.5)(SO4)8","(K,Na,Pb)_4_(Na,Ca)_2_(Mg,Cu)_3_(Fe^3+^_0.5_Al_0.5_)(SO_4_)_8_","(K,Na,Pb^2+^)_4_(Na,Ca)_2_(Mg,Cu^2+^)_3_(Fe^3+^_0.5_Al_0.5_)(S^6+^O_4_)_8_","K Na Pb Ca Mg Cu Fe Al S O","IMA2015-108"," ",6507,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","K Na Pb^2+ Ca Mg Cu^2+ Fe^3+ Al S^6+ O","Pxn","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Philrothite","Philrothite","Tl1+As3+3S2-5","TlAs3S5","TlAs_3_S_5_","Tl^1+^As^3+^_3_S^2-^_5_","Tl As S","IMA2013-066"," ",6228,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/c","Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Phr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Phlogopite","Phlogopite","KMg3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2","KMg_3_(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_2_","KMg_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","K Mg Al Si O H"," "," ",3615,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic, hexagonal","Cm, P3112, C2/c, C2/m, C2","K Mg Si Al O H","Phl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Phoenicochroite","Phoenicochroite","Pb2+2O(Cr6+O4)","Pb2O(CrO4)","Pb_2_O(CrO_4_)","Pb^2+^_2_O(Cr^6+^O_4_)","Pb O Cr","IMA1980 s.p."," ",3616," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ O Cr^6+","Phc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phosgenite","Phosgenite","Pb2+2CO3Cl2","Pb2(CO3)Cl2","Pb_2_(CO_3_)Cl_2_","Pb^2+^_2_CO_3_Cl_2_","Pb C O Cl"," "," ",3617," ","tetragonal","P4/mbm","Pb^2+ C O Cl","Pho","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Phosinaite-(Ce)","Phosinaite-(Ce)","Na13Ca2Ce3+(SiO3)4(PO4)4","Na13Ca2Ce(SiO3)4(PO4)4","Na_13_Ca_2_Ce(SiO_3_)_4_(PO_4_)_4_","Na_13_Ca_2_Ce^3+^(SiO_3_)_4_(PO_4_)_4_","Na Ca Ce Si O P","IMA1973-058"," ",3618," ","orthorhombic","P22121","Na Ca Ce^3+ Si O P","Psi-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Phosphammite","Phosphammite","(N3-H4)2(PO3OH)","(NH4)2(PO3OH)","(NH_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)","N H P O"," "," ",3619," ","monoclinic","P21/c","N^3- H P O","Pam","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Phosphocyclite-(Fe)","Phosphocyclite-(Fe)","Fe2+2(P4O12)","Fe2+2(P4O12)","Fe^2+^_2_(P_4_O_12_)","Fe^2+^_2_(P_4_O_12_)","Fe P O","IMA2020-087"," ",7102,"Phosphocyclite","monoclinic","C2/c","Fe^2+ P O","Pc-Fe","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Phosphocyclite-(Ni)","Phosphocyclite-(Ni)","Ni2+2(P4O12)","Ni2(P4O12)","Ni_2_(P_4_O_12_)","Ni^2+^_2_(P_4_O_12_)","Ni P O","IMA2020-088"," ",7103,"Phosphocyclite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ni^2+ P O","Pc-Ni","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Phosphoellenbergerite","Phosphoellenbergerite","(Mg,☐)2Mg12(PO4,PO3OH)6(PO3OH,CO3)2(OH)6","(Mg,☐)2Mg12(PO4,PO3OH)6(PO3OH,CO3)2(OH)6","(Mg,[box])_2_Mg_12_(PO_4_,PO_3_OH)_6_(PO_3_OH,CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_","(Mg,[box])_2_Mg_12_(PO_4_,PO_3_OH)_6_(PO_3_OH,CO_3_)_2_(OH)_6_","Mg P O H C","IMA1994-006"," ",3620,"Ellenbergerite","hexagonal","P63mc","Mg P O H C","Pell","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phosphoferrite","Phosphoferrite","Fe2+3(PO4)2·3H2O","Fe2+3(PO4)2·3H2O","Fe^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Fe^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",3621,"Reddingite","orthorhombic","Pbna, Pcmb","Fe^2+ P O H","Phf","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phosphofibrite","Phosphofibrite","(H2O,K)3.5Fe3+8(PO4)6(OH)7·5H2O","(H2O,K)3.5Fe3+8(PO4)6(OH)7·5H2O","(H_2_O,K)_3.5_Fe^3+^_8_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_7_·5H_2_O","(H_2_O,K)_3.5_Fe^3+^_8_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_7_·5H_2_O","H O K Fe P","IMA1982-082"," ",3622,"Phosphofibrite","orthorhombic",,"H O K Fe^3+ P","Pfb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phosphogartrellite","Phosphogartrellite","Pb2+Cu2+Fe3+(PO4)2(OH,H2O)2","PbCuFe3+(PO4)2(OH,H2O)2","PbCuFe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH,H_2_O)_2_","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH,H_2_O)_2_","Pb Cu Fe P O H","IMA1996-035"," ",3623,"Natrochalcite-Helmutwinklerite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Pgtl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phosphohedyphane","Phosphohedyphane","Ca2Pb2+3(PO4)3Cl","Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl","Ca_2_Pb_3_(PO_4_)_3_Cl","Ca_2_Pb^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_Cl","Ca Pb P O Cl","IMA2005-026"," ",5300,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Pb^2+ P O Cl","Phdy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phosphoinnelite","Phosphoinnelite","Na3Ba4Ti4+3Si4O14(PO4)2O2F","Na3Ba4Ti3Si4O14(PO4)2O2F","Na_3_Ba_4_Ti_3_Si_4_O_14_(PO_4_)_2_O_2_F","Na_3_Ba_4_Ti^4+^_3_Si_4_O_14_(PO_4_)_2_O_2_F","Na Ba Ti Si O P F","IMA2005-022"," ",5462,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","triclinic",,"Na Ba Ti^4+ Si O P F","Pinn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Phosphophyllite","Phosphophyllite","Zn2+2Fe2+(PO4)2·4H2O","Zn2Fe2+(PO4)2·4H2O","Zn_2_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^_2_Fe^2+^(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn Fe P O H"," "," ",3624,"Phosphophyllite","monoclinic","P21/c","Zn^2+ Fe^2+ P O H","Pp","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phosphorrösslerite","Phosphorrosslerite","Mg(PO3OH)·7H2O","Mg(PO3OH)·7H2O","Mg(PO_3_OH)·7H_2_O","Mg(PO_3_OH)·7H_2_O","Mg P O H"," "," ",3625," ",,,"Mg P O H","Prö","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Phosphosiderite","Phosphosiderite","Fe3+PO4·2H2O","Fe3+(PO4)·2H2O","Fe^3+^(PO_4_)·2H_2_O","Fe^3+^PO_4_·2H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3626,"Phosphosiderite","monoclinic","P21/n","Fe^3+ P O H","Phsd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Phosphovanadylite-Ba","Phosphovanadylite-Ba","BaV4+4P2O10(OH)6·12H2O","Ba[V4+4P2O12(OH)4]·12H2O","Ba[V^4+^_4_P_2_O_12_(OH)_4_]·12H_2_O","BaV^4+^_4_P_2_O_10_(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ba V P O H","IMA1996-037"," ",3627,"Phosphovanadylite","cubic","I43m","Ba V^4+ P O H","Pvd-Ba","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phosphovanadylite-Ca","Phosphovanadylite-Ca","CaV4+4P2O10(OH)6·12H2O","Ca[V4+4P2O12(OH)4]·12H2O","Ca[V^4+^_4_P_2_O_12_(OH)_4_]·12H_2_O","CaV^4+^_4_P_2_O_10_(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca V P O H","IMA2011-101"," ",6045,"Phosphovanadylite","cubic","I43m","Ca V^4+ P O H","Pvd-Ca","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phosphowalpurgite","Phosphowalpurgite","(U6+O2)Bi3+4O4(PO4)2·2H2O","(UO2)Bi4O4(PO4)2·2H2O","(UO_2_)Bi_4_O_4_(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)Bi^3+^_4_O_4_(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","U O Bi P H","IMA2001-062"," ",5353," ","triclinic","P1","U^6+ O Bi^3+ P H","Pwal","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phosphuranylite","Phosphuranylite","KCa(H3O)3(U6+O2)7(PO4)4O4·8H2O","KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4·8H2O","KCa(H_3_O)_3_(UO_2_)_7_(PO_4_)_4_O_4_·8H_2_O","KCa(H_3_O)_3_(U^6+^O_2_)_7_(PO_4_)_4_O_4_·8H_2_O","K Ca H O U P"," "," ",3628,"Phosphuranylite","orthorhombic","Bmmb","K Ca H O U^6+ P","Puy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phoxite","Phoxite","(N3-H4)2Mg2((C2)6+O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)4","(NH4)2Mg2(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)4","(NH_4_)_2_Mg_2_(C_2_O_4_)(PO_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Mg_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)(PO_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","N H Mg C O P","IMA2018-009"," ",6753,"Not in a structural group, Oxalate","monoclinic","P21/c","N^3- H Mg C O P","Phx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Phuralumite","Phuralumite","Al2[(U6+O2)3(PO4)2O(OH)](OH)3(H2O)9","Al2[(UO2)3(PO4)2O(OH)](OH)3(H2O)9","Al_2_[(UO_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_O(OH)](OH)_3_(H_2_O)_9_","Al_2_[(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_O(OH)](OH)_3_(H_2_O)_9_","Al U O P H","IMA1978-044"," ",3629," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Al U^6+ O P H","Pha","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phurcalite","Phurcalite","Ca2(U6+O2)3O2(PO4)2·7H2O","Ca2(UO2)3O2(PO4)2·7H2O","Ca_2_(UO_2_)_3_O_2_(PO_4_)_2_·7H_2_O","Ca_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_3_O_2_(PO_4_)_2_·7H_2_O","Ca U O P H","IMA1977-040"," ",3630,"Phosphuranylite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ca U^6+ O P H","Phu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Phylloretine","Phylloretine","C18H18","C18H18","C_18_H_18_","C_18_H_18_","C H"," "," ",5463," ",,,"C H","Pre","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Phyllotungstite","Phyllotungstite","HCaFe3+3(W6+O4)6·10H2O","HCaFe3+3(WO4)6·10H2O","HCaFe^3+^_3_(WO_4_)_6_·10H_2_O","HCaFe^3+^_3_(W^6+^O_4_)_6_·10H_2_O","H Ca Fe W O","IMA1984-018"," ",3631," ","orthorhombic",,"H Ca Fe^3+ W^6+ O","Ptgs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Picaite","Picaite","NaCa[As5+O3OH][As5+O2(OH)2]","NaCa[AsO3OH][AsO2(OH)2]","NaCa[AsO_3_OH][AsO_2_(OH)_2_]","NaCa[As^5+^O_3_OH][As^5+^O_2_(OH)_2_]","Na Ca As O H","IMA2018-022"," ",6767,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Ca As^5+ O H","Pic","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Piccoliite","Piccoliite","NaCaMn3+2(As5+O4)2O(OH)","NaCaMn3+2(AsO4)2O(OH)","NaCaMn^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_O(OH)","NaCaMn^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_O(OH)","Na Ca Mn As O H","IMA2017-016"," ",6656,"Carminite","orthorhombic","Pbcm","Na Ca Mn^3+ As^5+ O H","Pcc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pickeringite","Pickeringite","MgAl2(S6+O4)4·22H2O","MgAl2(SO4)4·22H2O","MgAl_2_(SO_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","MgAl_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Mg Al S O H"," "," ",3632,"Halotrichite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg Al S^6+ O H","Pkg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Picotpaulite","Picotpaulite","Tl1+Fe2+Fe3+S2-3","TlFe2S3","TlFe_2_S_3_","Tl^1+^Fe^2+^Fe^3+^S^2-^_3_","Tl Fe S","IMA1970-031"," ",3633,"Cubanite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Tl^1+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Pcp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Picromerite","Picromerite","K2Mg(S6+O4)2·6H2O","K2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O","K_2_Mg(SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","K_2_Mg(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","K Mg S O H","IMA1982 s.p."," ",3634,"Picromerite","monoclinic","P21/a","K Mg S^6+ O H","Pmr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Picropharmacolite","Picropharmacolite","Ca4Mg(As5+O3OH)2(As5+O4)2·11H2O","Ca4Mg(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2·11H2O","Ca_4_Mg(AsO_3_OH)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·11H_2_O","Ca_4_Mg(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·11H_2_O","Ca Mg As O H"," "," ",3635," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg As^5+ O H","Ppm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Pieczkaite","Pieczkaite","Mn2+5(PO4)3Cl","Mn5(PO4)3Cl","Mn_5_(PO_4_)_3_Cl","Mn^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_3_Cl","Mn P O Cl","IMA2014-005"," ",6298,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Mn^2+ P O Cl","Pzk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Piemontite","Piemontite","Ca2(Al2Mn3+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","Ca2(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","Ca_2_(Al_2_Mn^3+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","Ca_2_(Al_2_Mn^3+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Al Mn Si O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3636,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Al Mn^3+ Si O H","Pmt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Piemontite-(Pb)","Piemontite-(Pb)","CaPb2+(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaPb(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaPb(Al_2_Mn^3+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaPb^2+^(Al_2_Mn^3+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","Ca Pb Al Mn Si O H","IMA2011-087"," ",6030,"Epidote, Clinozoisite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Pb^2+ Al Mn^3+ Si O H","Pmt-Pb","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Piemontite-(Sr)","Piemontite-(Sr)","CaSr(Al2Mn3+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaSr(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaSr(Al_2_Mn^3+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaSr(Al_2_Mn^3+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Sr Al Mn Si O H","IMA1989-031"," ",4234,"Clinozoisite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Sr Al Mn^3+ Si O H","Pmt-Sr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Piergorite-(Ce)","Piergorite-(Ce)","Ca8Ce3+2AlLiSi6B8O36(OH)2","Ca8Ce2AlLiSi6B8O36(OH)2","Ca_8_Ce_2_AlLiSi_6_B_8_O_36_(OH)_2_","Ca_8_Ce^3+^_2_AlLiSi_6_B_8_O_36_(OH)_2_","Ca Ce Al Li Si B O H","IMA2005-008"," ",5215," ","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Ce^3+ Al Li Si B O H","Pgo-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Pierrotite","Pierrotite","Tl1+2(Sb3+,As3+)10S2-16","Tl2(Sb,As)10S16","Tl_2_(Sb,As)_10_S_16_","Tl^1+^_2_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_10_S^2-^_16_","Tl Sb As S","IMA1969-036"," ",3637,"Sartorite","orthorhombic","Pna21","Tl^1+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Pie","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pigeonite","Pigeonite","(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)SiO3","(Mg,Fe,Ca)2Si2O6","(Mg,Fe,Ca)_2_Si_2_O_6_","(Mg,Fe^2+^,Ca)SiO_3_","Mg Fe Ca Si O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",3638,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg Fe^2+ Ca Si O","Pgt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Pigotite","Pigotite","Al4C6H5O10·13H2O (?)","Al4C6H5O10·13H2O (?)","Al_4_C_6_H_5_O_10_·13H_2_O (?)","Al_4_C_6_H_5_O_10_·13H_2_O (?)","Al C H O"," "," ",5464,"Citrate",,,"Al C H O","Pig","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Pilanesbergite","Pilanesbergite","Na2Ca2Fe2+2Ti4+2(Si2O7)2O2F2","Na2Ca2Fe2Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2","Na_2_Ca_2_Fe_2_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Na_2_Ca_2_Fe^2+^_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Na Ca Fe Ti Si O F","IMA2023-007"," ",7362,"Wöhlerite","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Ca Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O F","Pbt",,"No" +"Pilawite-(Y)","Pilawite-(Y)","Ca2Y2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2","Ca2Y2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2","Ca_2_Y_2_Al_4_(SiO_4_)_4_O_2_(OH)_2_","Ca_2_Y_2_Al_4_(SiO_4_)_4_O_2_(OH)_2_","Ca Y Al Si O H","IMA2013-125"," ",6284,"Carminite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Y Al Si O H","Plw-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Pilipenkoite","Pilipenkoite","KCu2+(As5+O4)·H2O","KCu(AsO4)·H2O","KCu(AsO_4_)·H_2_O","KCu^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)·H_2_O","K Cu As O H","IMA2022-017"," ",7245,"Not in a structural group",,,"K Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Plp","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Pillaite","Pillaite","Pb2+9Sb3+10S2-23ClO0.5","Pb9Sb10S23ClO0.5","Pb_9_Sb_10_S_23_ClO_0.5_","Pb^2+^_9_Sb^3+^_10_S^2-^_23_ClO_0.5_","Pb Sb S Cl O","IMA1997-042"," ",3639," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2- Cl O","Pil","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pilsenite","Pilsenite","Bi4Te3","Bi4Te3","Bi_4_Te_3_","Bi_4_Te_3_","Bi Te","IMA1982 s.p."," ",3640,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","R3m","Bi Te","Pse","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pinakiolite","Pinakiolite","(Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn3+,Sb5+)O2(BO3)","(Mg,Mn)2(Mn3+,Sb5+)O2(BO3)","(Mg,Mn)_2_(Mn^3+^,Sb^5+^)O_2_(BO_3_)","(Mg,Mn^2+^)_2_(Mn^3+^,Sb^5+^)O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg Mn Sb O B"," "," ",3641," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Mg Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Sb^5+ O B","Pki","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Pinalite","Pinalite","Pb2+3(W6+O4)OCl2","Pb3(WO4)OCl2","Pb_3_(WO_4_)OCl_2_","Pb^2+^_3_(W^6+^O_4_)OCl_2_","Pb W O Cl","IMA1988-025"," ",3642," ","orthorhombic","Amam","Pb^2+ W^6+ O Cl","Pnl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pinchite","Pinchite","Hg2+5O4Cl2","Hg5O4Cl2","Hg_5_O_4_Cl_2_","Hg^2+^_5_O_4_Cl_2_","Hg O Cl","IMA1973-052"," ",3643," ","orthorhombic","Ibam","Hg^2+ O Cl","Pin","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pingguite","Pingguite","Bi3+6Te6+2O15","Bi6Te6+2O15","Bi_6_Te^6+^_2_O_15_","Bi^3+^_6_Te^6+^_2_O_15_","Bi Te O","IMA1993-019"," ",3644," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Bi^3+ Te^6+ O","Png","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pinnoite","Pinnoite","MgB2O(OH)6","MgB2O(OH)6","MgB_2_O(OH)_6_","MgB_2_O(OH)_6_","Mg B O H"," "," ",3645," ","tetragonal","P42/n, P42","Mg B O H","Pno","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Pintadoite","Pintadoite","Ca2V5+2O7·9H2O","Ca2V5+2O7·9H2O","Ca_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_·9H_2_O","Ca_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_·9H_2_O","Ca V O H"," "," ",3646," ",,,"Ca V^5+ O H","Ptd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Piretite","Piretite","Ca(U6+O2)3(Se4+O3)2(OH)4·4H2O","Ca(UO2)3(Se4+O3)2(OH)4·4H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Ca U O Se H","IMA1996-002"," ",3647,"Guilleminite","orthorhombic",,"Ca U^6+ O Se^4+ H","Pir","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pirquitasite","Pirquitasite","Ag1+2Zn2+Sn4+S2-4","Ag2ZnSnS4","Ag_2_ZnSnS_4_","Ag^1+^_2_Zn^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_4_","Ag Zn Sn S","IMA1980-091"," ",3648,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I4","Ag^1+ Zn^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Pi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Pirssonite","Pirssonite","Na2Ca(CO3)2·2H2O","Na2Ca(CO3)2·2H2O","Na_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na Ca C O H"," "," ",3649," ","orthorhombic","Fdd2","Na Ca C O H","Pss","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Písekite-(Y)","Pisekite-(Y)","(Y,As3+,Ca,Fe2+,U4+)(Nb5+,Ti4+,Ta5+)O4","(Y,As,Ca,Fe,U)(Nb,Ti,Ta)O4","(Y,As,Ca,Fe,U)(Nb,Ti,Ta)O_4_","(Y,As^3+^,Ca,Fe^2+^,U^4+^)(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^,Ta^5+^)O_4_","Y As Ca Fe U Nb Ti Ta O"," "," ",5465," ",,,"Y As^3+ Ca Fe^2+ U^4+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Ta^5+ O","Pís-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Pitiglianoite","Pitiglianoite","K2Na6(Si6Al6)O24(S6+O4)·2H2O","K2Na6(Si6Al6)O24(SO4)·2H2O","K_2_Na_6_(Si_6_Al_6_)O_24_(SO_4_)·2H_2_O","K_2_Na_6_(Si_6_Al_6_)O_24_(S^6+^O_4_)·2H_2_O","K Na Si Al O S H","IMA1990-012"," ",3650,"Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P63","K Na Si Al O S^6+ H","Pgl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Pitticite","Pitticite","(Fe3+,As5+O4,S6+O4,H2O)","[Fe,AsO4,SO4,H2O] (?)","[Fe,AsO_4_,SO_4_,H_2_O] (?)","(Fe^3+^,As^5+^O_4_,S^6+^O_4_,H_2_O)","Fe As O S H"," "," ",3651," ",,,"Fe^3+ As^5+ O S^6+ H","Ptc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Pittongite","Pittongite","(Na,H2O)0.7(W6+,Fe3+)(O,OH)3","(Na,H2O)0.7(W,Fe3+)(O,OH)3","(Na,H_2_O)_0.7_(W,Fe^3+^)(O,OH)_3_","(Na,H_2_O)_0.7_(W^6+^,Fe^3+^)(O,OH)_3_","Na H O W Fe","IMA2005-034a"," ",5580," ","hexagonal","P6m2","Na H O W^6+ Fe^3+","Pit","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Piypite","Piypite","K4Cu2+4O2(S6+O4)4·(Na,Cu1+)Cl","K4Cu4O2(SO4)4·(Na,Cu)Cl","K_4_Cu_4_O_2_(SO_4_)_4_·(Na,Cu)Cl","K_4_Cu^2+^_4_O_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·(Na,Cu^1+^)Cl","K Cu O S Na Cl","IMA1982-097"," ",3652," ","tetragonal","I4, P4/n","K Cu^2+ O S^6+ Na Cu^1+ Cl","Piy","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Pizgrischite","Pizgrischite","(Cu1+,Fe2+)Cu1+14Pb2+Bi3+17S2-34","(Cu,Fe)Cu14PbBi17S34","(Cu,Fe)Cu_14_PbBi_17_S_34_","(Cu^1+^,Fe^2+^)Cu^1+^_14_Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_17_S^2-^_34_","Cu Fe Pb Bi S","IMA2001-002"," ",5544," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Piz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Plagionite","Plagionite","Pb2+5Sb3+8S2-17","Pb5Sb8S17","Pb_5_Sb_8_S_17_","Pb^2+^_5_Sb^3+^_8_S^2-^_17_","Pb Sb S"," "," ",3653," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Pgi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Plancheite","Plancheite","Cu2+8(Si4O11)2(OH)4·H2O","Cu8(Si4O11)2(OH)4·H2O","Cu_8_(Si_4_O_11_)_2_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^_8_(Si_4_O_11_)_2_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Cu Si O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3654,"Plancheite","orthorhombic","Pcnb","Cu^2+ Si O H","Pch","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Planerite","Planerite","Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8·4H2O","Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8·4H2O","Al_6_(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O","Al_6_(PO_4_)_2_(PO_3_OH)_2_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O","Al P O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",3655,"Turquoise","triclinic","P1","Al P O H","Pnr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Plášilite","Plasilite","Na(U6+O2)(S6+O4)(OH)·2H2O","Na(UO2)(SO4)(OH)·2H2O","Na(UO_2_)(SO_4_)(OH)·2H_2_O","Na(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·2H_2_O","Na U O S H","IMA2014-021"," ",6330,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Pšl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Platinum","Platinum","Pt","Pt","Pt","Pt","Pt"," "," ",3657,"Copper","cubic","Fm3m","Pt","Pt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","Yes" +"Plattnerite","Plattnerite","Pb4+O2","PbO2","PbO_2_","Pb^4+^O_2_","Pb O"," "," ",3658,"Rutile","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Pb^4+ O","Ptn","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Plavnoite","Plavnoite","K0.8Mn2+0.6[(U6+O2)2O2(S6+O4)]·3.5H2O","K0.8Mn0.6[(UO2)2O2(SO4)]·3.5H2O","K_0.8_Mn_0.6_[(UO_2_)_2_O_2_(SO_4_)]·3.5H_2_O","K_0.8_Mn^2+^_0.6_[(U^6+^O_2_)_2_O_2_(S^6+^O_4_)]·3.5H_2_O","K Mn U O S H","IMA2015-059"," ",6461,"Zippeite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mn^2+ U^6+ O S^6+ H","Pvn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Playfairite","Playfairite","Pb2+16(Sb3+,As3+)19S2-44Cl","Pb16(Sb,As)19S44Cl","Pb_16_(Sb,As)_19_S_44_Cl","Pb^2+^_16_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_19_S^2-^_44_Cl","Pb Sb As S Cl","IMA1966-019"," ",3659,"Madocite","monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2- Cl","Pyf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pleysteinite","Pleysteinite","[(H2O)K]Mn2+2Al3(PO4)4F2(H2O)10·4H2O","[(H2O)K]Mn2Al3(PO4)4F2(H2O)10·4H2O","[(H_2_O)K]Mn_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_4_F_2_(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","[(H_2_O)K]Mn^2+^_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_4_F_2_(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","H O K Mn Al P F","IMA2022-077"," ",7297,"Paulkerrite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","P21/c, Pbca","H O K Mn^2+ Al P F","Pley",,"No" +"Plimerite","Plimerite","Zn2+2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)","Zn2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)","Zn_2_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)","Zn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)","Zn Fe P O H","IMA2008-013"," ",5672,"Rockbridgeite","orthorhombic","Bbmm","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Pme","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pliniusite","Pliniusite","Ca5(V5+O4)3F","Ca5(VO4)3F","Ca_5_(VO_4_)_3_F","Ca_5_(V^5+^O_4_)_3_F","Ca V O F","IMA2018-031"," ",6775,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca V^5+ O F","Pli","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Plombièrite","Plombierite","Ca5Si6O16(OH)2·7H2O","Ca4Si6O16(OH)2(H2O)2·(Ca·5H2O)","Ca_4_Si_6_O_16_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_·(Ca·5H_2_O)","Ca_5_Si_6_O_16_(OH)_2_·7H_2_O","Ca Si O H","IMA2014 s.p."," ",5136,"Tobermorite","monoclinic","Bb","Ca Si O H","Plm","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Plumboagardite","Plumboagardite","(Pb2+,REE,Ca)Cu2+6(As5+O4)3(OH)6·3H2O","(Pb,REE,Ca)Cu6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O","(Pb,REE,Ca)Cu_6_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","(Pb^2+^,REE,Ca)Cu^2+^_6_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Pb REE Ca Cu As O H","IMA2003-031a"," ",5466,"Mixite","hexagonal","P63/m","Pb^2+ REE Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Pagr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Plumboferrite","Plumboferrite","Pb2+[Fe3+10.67Mn2+0.33Pb2+]O18.33","Pb[Fe3+10.67Mn2+0.33Pb]O18.33","Pb[Fe^3+^_10.67_Mn^2+^_0.33_Pb]O_18.33_","Pb^2+^[Fe^3+^_10.67_Mn^2+^_0.33_Pb^2+^]O_18.33_","Pb Fe Mn O","IMA2020 s.p."," ",3661,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Mn^2+ O","Pfr","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Plumbogaidonnayite","Plumbogaidonnayite","Pb2+Zr4+Si3O9·2H2O","PbZrSi3O9·2H2O","PbZrSi_3_O_9_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^Zr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·2H_2_O","Pb Zr Si O H","IMA2022-095"," ",7320,"Gaidonnayite","orthorhombic","P21nb","Pb^2+ Zr^4+ Si O H","Pgdn",,"No" +"Plumbogummite","Plumbogummite","Pb2+Al3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","PbAl_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^Al_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Pb Al P O H","IMA1999 s.p."," ",3662,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Al P O H","Pbg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Plumbojarosite","Plumbojarosite","Pb2+0.5Fe3+3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6","Pb_0.5_Fe^3+^_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^_0.5_Fe^3+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb Fe S O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",3663,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Pjrs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Plumbojohntomaite","Plumbojohntomaite","Pb2+Fe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3","PbFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3","PbFe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Pb^2+^Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Pb Fe P O H","IMA2023-119"," ",7465,"Bjarebyite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Pjtm",,"No" +"Plumbonacrite","Plumbonacrite","Pb2+5(CO3)3O(OH)2","Pb5(CO3)3O(OH)2","Pb_5_(CO_3_)_3_O(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_5_(CO_3_)_3_O(OH)_2_","Pb C O H"," "," ",5306," ","hexagonal","P63cm","Pb^2+ C O H","Pncr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Plumbopalladinite","Plumbopalladinite","Pb2Pd3","Pd3Pb2","Pd_3_Pb_2_","Pb_2_Pd_3_","Pd Pb","IMA1970-020"," ",3665," ","hexagonal",,"Pb Pd","Ppdn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Plumboperloffite","Plumboperloffite","Pb2+Mn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3","PbMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3","PbMn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Pb^2+^Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Pb Mn Fe P O H","IMA2020-007"," ",7024,"Bjarebyite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Pplf","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Plumbopharmacosiderite","Plumbopharmacosiderite","Pb2+0.5Fe3+4(As5+O4)3(OH)4·5H2O","Pb0.5Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·5H2O","Pb_0.5_Fe^3+^_4_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Pb^2+^_0.5_Fe^3+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·5H_2_O","Pb Fe As O H","IMA2016-109"," ",6636,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic","P43m","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Ppsd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Plumbophyllite","Plumbophyllite","Pb2+2Si4O10·H2O","Pb2Si4O10·H2O","Pb_2_Si_4_O_10_·H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_Si_4_O_10_·H_2_O","Pb Si O H","IMA2008-025"," ",5684," ","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Pb^2+ Si O H","Pbp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Plumboselite","Plumboselite","Pb2+3O2(Se4+O3)","Pb3O2(SeO3)","Pb_3_O_2_(SeO_3_)","Pb^2+^_3_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)","Pb O Se","IMA2010-028"," ",5855,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Pb^2+ O Se^4+","Pbs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Plumbotellurite","Plumbotellurite","Pb2+Te4+O3","Pb(Te4+O3)","Pb(Te^4+^O_3_)","Pb^2+^Te^4+^O_3_","Pb Te O","IMA1980-102"," ",3667," ","orthorhombic",,"Pb^2+ Te^4+ O","Pbtlr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Plumbotsumite","Plumbotsumite","Pb2+5Si4O8(OH)10","Pb5Si4O8(OH)10","Pb_5_Si_4_O_8_(OH)_10_","Pb^2+^_5_Si_4_O_8_(OH)_10_","Pb Si O H","IMA1979-049"," ",3668," ","orthorhombic, triclinic","C2221","Pb^2+ Si O H","Ptm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Plumosite","Plumosite","Pb2+2Sb3+2S2-5","Pb2Sb2S5","Pb_2_Sb_2_S_5_","Pb^2+^_2_Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_5_","Pb Sb S"," "," ",5467," ",,,"Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Plu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Podlesnoite","Podlesnoite","BaCa2(CO3)2F2","Ca2Ba(CO3)2F2","Ca_2_Ba(CO_3_)_2_F_2_","BaCa_2_(CO_3_)_2_F_2_","Ca Ba C O F","IMA2006-033"," ",5545," ","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Ba Ca C O F","Pod","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Poellmannite","Poellmannite","Ca6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](S6+O4)2·6H2O","Ca6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2·6H2O","Ca_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_[Na(H_2_O)_6_](SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Ca_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_[Na(H_2_O)_6_](S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Ca Al O H Na S","IMA2021-109"," ",7212,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3","Ca Al O H Na S^6+","Poe","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Pohlite","Pohlite","Pb2+7(I5+O3)(OH)4Cl9","Pb7(IO3)(OH)4Cl9","Pb_7_(IO_3_)(OH)_4_Cl_9_","Pb^2+^_7_(I^5+^O_3_)(OH)_4_Cl_9_","Pb I O H Cl","IMA2022-043"," ",7265,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ I^5+ O H Cl","Poh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Poirierite","Poirierite","Mg2SiO4","Mg2SiO4","Mg_2_SiO_4_","Mg_2_SiO_4_","Mg Si O","IMA2018-026b"," ",6995," ","orthorhombic","Pmma","Mg Si O","Poi","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Poitevinite","Poitevinite","Cu2+S6+O4·H2O","Cu(SO4)·H2O","Cu(SO_4_)·H_2_O","Cu^2+^S^6+^O_4_·H_2_O","Cu S O H","IMA1963-010"," ",3669," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Pvi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pokhodyashinite","Pokhodyashinite","Cu1+Tl1+Sb3+2(Sb3+0.7Tl1+0.3)As3+S2-6.7","CuTlSb2(Sb1-xTlx)AsS7-x (0.2 < x < 0.5)","CuTlSb_2_(Sb_1-x_Tl_x_)AsS_7-x_ (0.2 < x < 0.5)","Cu^1+^Tl^1+^Sb^3+^_2_(Sb^3+^_0.7_Tl^1+^_0.3_)As^3+^S^2-^_6.7_","Cu Tl Sb As S","IMA2019-130"," ",7013,"Not in a structural group","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, C2/m","Cu^1+ Tl^1+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Pok","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pokrovskite","Pokrovskite","Mg2CO3(OH)2","Mg2(CO3)(OH)2","Mg_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Mg_2_CO_3_(OH)_2_","Mg C O H","IMA1982-054"," ",3670,"Malachite","monoclinic","P21/a","Mg C O H","Pkr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Polarite","Polarite","Pd(Bi,Pb)","Pd(Bi,Pb)","Pd(Bi,Pb)","Pd(Bi,Pb)","Pd Bi Pb","IMA1969-032"," ",3671," ","orthorhombic","Ccm21, Cmc21","Pd Bi Pb","Plr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Poldervaartite","Poldervaartite","Ca(Ca,Mn2+)(SiO3OH)(OH)","Ca(Ca,Mn)(SiO3OH)(OH)","Ca(Ca,Mn)(SiO_3_OH)(OH)","Ca(Ca,Mn^2+^)(SiO_3_OH)(OH)","Ca Mn Si O H","IMA1992-012"," ",3672," ","orthorhombic","Pbca, P212121","Ca Mn^2+ Si O H","Pdv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Polekhovskyite","Polekhovskyite","MoNiP2","MoNiP2","MoNiP_2_","MoNiP_2_","Mo Ni P","IMA2018-147"," ",6872," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Mo Ni P","Pkh","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Polezhaevaite-(Ce)","Polezhaevaite-(Ce)","NaSrCe3+F6","NaSrCeF6","NaSrCeF_6_","NaSrCe^3+^F_6_","Na Sr Ce F","IMA2009-015"," ",5744,"Gagarinite","hexagonal","P63/m","Na Sr Ce^3+ F","Pzv-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Polhemusite","Polhemusite","(Zn2+,Hg2+)S2-","(Zn,Hg)S","(Zn,Hg)S","(Zn^2+^,Hg^2+^)S^2-^","Zn Hg S","IMA1972-017"," ",3673,"Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal, cubic",,"Zn^2+ Hg^2+ S^2-","Phe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Polkanovite","Polkanovite","Rh12As7","Rh12As7","Rh_12_As_7_","Rh_12_As_7_","Rh As","IMA1997-030"," ",3674," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Rh As","Pkv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Polkovicite","Polkovicite","(Fe2+,Pb2+)3(Ge4+,Fe3+)1-xS2-4","(Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4","(Fe,Pb)_3_(Ge,Fe)_1-x_S_4_","(Fe^2+^,Pb^2+^)_3_(Ge^4+^,Fe^3+^)_1-x_S^2-^_4_","Fe Pb Ge S","IMA1974-037"," ",3675,"Germanite, Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic",,"Fe^2+ Pb^2+ Ge^4+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Pk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Polloneite","Polloneite","Ag1+Pb2+46As3+26Sb3+23S2-120","AgPb46As26Sb23S120","AgPb_46_As_26_Sb_23_S_120_","Ag^1+^Pb^2+^_46_As^3+^_26_Sb^3+^_23_S^2-^_120_","Ag Pb As Sb S","IMA2014-093"," ",6391,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Plo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pollucite","Pollucite","Cs(Si2Al)O6·nH2O","Cs(Si2Al)O6·nH2O","Cs(Si_2_Al)O_6_·nH_2_O","Cs(Si_2_Al)O_6_·nH_2_O","Cs Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",3676,"Analcime","cubic, tetragonal","Ia3d, Ia3d, I41/acd","Cs Si Al O H","Pol","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Polyakovite-(Ce)","Polyakovite-(Ce)","(Ce3+,Ca)4MgCr3+2(Ti4+,Nb5+)2Si4O22","(Ce,Ca)4MgCr2(Ti,Nb)2Si4O22","(Ce,Ca)_4_MgCr_2_(Ti,Nb)_2_Si_4_O_22_","(Ce^3+^,Ca)_4_MgCr^3+^_2_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_2_Si_4_O_22_","Ce Ca Mg Cr Ti Nb Si O","IMA1998-029"," ",3677,"Chevkinite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ce^3+ Ca Mg Cr^3+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O","Pak-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Polyarsite","Polyarsite","Na7CaMgCu2+2(As5+O4)4F2Cl","Na7CaMgCu2(AsO4)4F2Cl","Na_7_CaMgCu_2_(AsO_4_)_4_F_2_Cl","Na_7_CaMgCu^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_F_2_Cl","Na Ca Mg Cu As O F Cl","IMA2019-058"," ",6946,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","I2/m","Na Ca Mg Cu^2+ As^5+ O F Cl","Par","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Polybasite","Polybasite","[Ag1+9Cu1+S2-4][(Ag1+,Cu1+)6(Sb3+,As3+)2S2-7]","[Ag9CuS4][(Ag,Cu)6(Sb,As)2S7]","[Ag_9_CuS_4_][(Ag,Cu)_6_(Sb,As)_2_S_7_]","[Ag^1+^_9_Cu^1+^S^2-^_4_][(Ag^1+^,Cu^1+^)_6_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_2_S^2-^_7_]","Ag Cu S Sb As","IMA2006 s.p."," ",3678,"Polybasite","monoclinic, hexagonal","C2/c, P3m1","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ S^2- Sb^3+ As^3+","Plb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Polydymite","Polydymite","Ni2+Ni3+2S2-4","Ni2+Ni3+2S4","Ni^2+^Ni^3+^_2_S_4_","Ni^2+^Ni^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Ni S"," "," ",3680,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Ni^2+ Ni^3+ S^2-","Pld","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Polyhalite","Polyhalite","K2Ca2Mg(S6+O4)4·2H2O","K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4·2H2O","K_2_Ca_2_Mg(SO_4_)_4_·2H_2_O","K_2_Ca_2_Mg(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·2H_2_O","K Ca Mg S O H"," "," ",3681," ","triclinic","P1, F1","K Ca Mg S^6+ O H","Plhl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Polylithionite","Polylithionite","KLi2AlSi4O10F2","KLi2AlSi4O10F2","KLi_2_AlSi_4_O_10_F_2_","KLi_2_AlSi_4_O_10_F_2_","K Li Al Si O F","IMA1998 s.p."," ",3682,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/c, C2","K Li Al Si O F","Pln","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Polyphite","Polyphite","Na6(Na4Ca2)2Na2Ti4+2Na2Ti4+2(Si2O7)2(PO4)6O4F4","Na6(Na4Ca2)2Na2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)6O4F4","Na_6_(Na_4_Ca_2_)_2_Na_2_Ti_2_Na_2_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_6_O_4_F_4_","Na_6_(Na_4_Ca_2_)_2_Na_2_Ti^4+^_2_Na_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_6_O_4_F_4_","Na Ca Ti Si O P F","IMA1990-025"," ",5137,"Seidozerite-Murmanite","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Ti^4+ Si O P F","Ppt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Pomite","Pomite","Ca3[V4+5V5+10O37(CO3)]·37H2O","Ca3[V4+5V5+10O37(CO3)]·37H2O","Ca_3_[V^4+^_5_V^5+^_10_O_37_(CO_3_)]·37H_2_O","Ca_3_[V^4+^_5_V^5+^_10_O_37_(CO_3_)]·37H_2_O","Ca V O C H","IMA2021-063"," ",7166,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca V^4+ V^5+ O C H","Pom","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ponomarevite","Ponomarevite","K4Cu2+4OCl10","K4Cu4OCl10","K_4_Cu_4_OCl_10_","K_4_Cu^2+^_4_OCl_10_","K Cu O Cl","IMA1986-040"," ",3685," ","monoclinic","C2/c","K Cu^2+ O Cl","Pon","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Popovite","Popovite","Cu2+5O2(As5+O4)2","Cu5O2(AsO4)2","Cu_5_O_2_(AsO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^_5_O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_","Cu O As","IMA2013-060"," ",6221,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ O As^5+","Ppv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Poppiite","Poppiite","Ca2V3+V3+2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2·H2O","Ca2V3+V3+2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2·H2O","Ca_2_V^3+^V^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH,O)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_2_V^3+^V^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH,O)_2_·H_2_O","Ca V Si O H","IMA2005-018"," ",5299,"Pumpellyite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca V^3+ Si O H","Pop","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Popugaevaite","Popugaevaite","Ca3[B5O6(OH)6]FCl2·8H2O","Ca3[B5O6(OH)6]FCl2·8H2O","Ca_3_[B_5_O_6_(OH)_6_]FCl_2_·8H_2_O","Ca_3_[B_5_O_6_(OH)_6_]FCl_2_·8H_2_O","Ca B O H F Cl","IMA2019-115"," ",6999,"Brianroulstonite","monoclinic","Pn","Ca B O H F Cl","Pgv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Portlandite","Portlandite","Ca(OH)2","Ca(OH)2","Ca(OH)_2_","Ca(OH)_2_","Ca O H"," "," ",3686,"Brucite","hexagonal","P3m1","Ca O H","Por","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Pošepnýite","Posepnyite","(Cu+13+x☐3-x)(Hg2+4-xCu+12+x)Sb3+4(Se2-12.5☐0.5) (0 ≤ x << 2)","(Cu+3+x☐3-x)Σ6(Hg2+4-xCu+2+x)Σ6Sb4(Se12.5☐0.5)Σ13 (0 ≤ x << 2)","(Cu^+^_3+x_[box]_3-x_)_Σ6_(Hg^2+^_4-x_Cu^+^_2+x_)_Σ6_Sb_4_(Se_12.5_[box]_0.5_)_Σ13_ (0 ≤ x << 2)","(Cu^+1^_3+x_[box]_3-x_)(Hg^2+^_4-x_Cu^+1^_2+x_)Sb^3+^_4_(Se^2-^_12.5_[box]_0.5_) (0 ≤ x << 2)","Cu Hg Sb Se","IMA2018-121a"," ",6984,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu Hg^2+ Sb^3+ Se^2-","Pšý","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Posnjakite","Posnjakite","Cu2+4S6+O4(OH)6·H2O","Cu4(SO4)(OH)6·H2O","Cu_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_6_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_6_·H_2_O","Cu S O H","IMA1967-001"," ",3687," ","monoclinic","Pa","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Pnk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Postite","Postite","MgAl2(OH)2[V5+10O28]·27H2O","Mg(H2O)6Al2(OH)2(H2O)8(V10O28)·13H2O","Mg(H_2_O)_6_Al_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_8_(V_10_O_28_)·13H_2_O","MgAl_2_(OH)_2_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·27H_2_O","Mg H O Al V","IMA2011-060"," ",6003,"Pascoite","orthorhombic","Pccn","Mg Al O H V^5+","Pos","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Potarite","Potarite","PdHg","PdHg","PdHg","PdHg","Pd Hg"," "," ",3688,"Potarite","tetragonal","P4/mmm","Pd Hg","Ptr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Potassic-arfvedsonite","Potassic-arfvedsonite","KNa2Fe2+4Fe3+Si8O22(OH)2","KNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2","KNa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","KNa_2_Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","K Na Fe Si O H","IMA2003-043, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5247,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Parf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Potassiccarpholite","Potassiccarpholite","K(Mn2+,Li)2Al4Si4O12(OH,F)8","K(Mn2+,Li)2Al4Si4O12(OH,F)8","K(Mn^2+^,Li)_2_Al_4_Si_4_O_12_(OH,F)_8_","K(Mn^2+^,Li)_2_Al_4_Si_4_O_12_(OH,F)_8_","K Mn Li Al Si O H F","IMA2002-064"," ",5212,"Carpholite","orthorhombic","Ccca","K Mn^2+ Li Al Si O H F","Pcar","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Potassic-chloro-hastingsite","Potassic-chloro-hastingsite","KCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22Cl2","KCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22Cl2","KCa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_Cl_2_","KCa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_Cl_2_","K Ca Fe Si Al O Cl","IMA2005-007, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5214,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si Al O Cl","Pchst","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Potassic-chloro-pargasite","Potassic-chloro-pargasite","KCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22Cl2","KCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22Cl2","KCa_2_(Mg_4_Al)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_Cl_2_","KCa_2_(Mg_4_Al)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_Cl_2_","K Ca Mg Al Si O Cl","IMA2001-036, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5429,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Ca Mg Al Si O Cl","Pcprg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Potassic-ferri-leakeite","Potassic-ferri-leakeite","KNa2(Mg2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)2","KNa2(Mg2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)2","KNa_2_(Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","KNa_2_(Mg_2_Fe^3+^_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","K Na Mg Fe Li Si O H","IMA2001-049, IMA2012 s.p."," ",3694,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Na Mg Fe^3+ Li Si O H","Pflk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Potassic-ferro-ferri-sadanagaite","Potassic-ferro-ferri-sadanagaite","KCa2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2","KCa2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2","KCa_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_(OH)_2_","KCa_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_(OH)_2_","K Ca Fe Si Al O H","IMA1997-035, IMA2012 s.p."," ",3693,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Pffsdg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Potassic-ferro-ferri-taramite","Potassic-ferro-ferri-taramite","K(NaCa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","K(NaCa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","K(NaCa)(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","K(NaCa)(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","K Na Ca Fe Si Al O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",5471,"Amphibole-amphiboles sodic-calcic",,,"K Na Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Pfftrm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Potassic-ferro-pargasite","Potassic-ferro-pargasite","KCa2(Fe2+4Al)Si6Al2O22(OH)2","KCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","KCa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Al)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","KCa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Al)Si_6_Al_2_O_22_(OH)_2_","K Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA2007-053, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5470,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Pfprg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Potassic-ferro-sadanagaite","Potassic-ferro-sadanagaite","KCa2(Fe2+3Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2","KCa2(Fe2+3Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2","KCa_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_(OH)_2_","KCa_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_(OH)_2_","K Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",5516,"Amphibole",,,"K Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Pfsdg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Potassic-ferro-taramite","Potassic-ferro-taramite","K(NaCa)(Fe2+3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","K(NaCa)(Fe2+3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","K(NaCa)(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","K(NaCa)(Fe^2+^_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","K Na Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA2007-015, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5572,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Na Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Pftrm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Potassic-fluoro-hastingsite","Potassic-fluoro-hastingsite","KCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22F2","KCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22F2","KCa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_F_2_","KCa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_F_2_","K Ca Fe Si Al O F","IMA2005-006, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5528,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si Al O F","Pfhst","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Potassic-fluoro-pargasite","Potassic-fluoro-pargasite","KCa2(Mg4Al)Si6Al2O22F2","KCa2(Mg4Al)Si6Al2O22F2","KCa_2_(Mg_4_Al)Si_6_Al_2_O_22_F_2_","KCa_2_(Mg_4_Al)Si_6_Al_2_O_22_F_2_","K Ca Mg Al Si O F","IMA2009-091, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5820,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Ca Mg Al Si O F","Pflprg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Potassic-fluoro-richterite","Potassic-fluoro-richterite","K(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22F2","K(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22F2","K(NaCa)Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_F_2_","K(NaCa)Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_F_2_","K Na Ca Mg Si O F","IMA1986-046, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5452,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Na Ca Mg Si O F","Pfrct","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Potassic-hastingsite","Potassic-hastingsite","KCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","KCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","KCa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","KCa_2_(Fe^2+^_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","K Ca Fe Si Al O H","IMA2018-160"," ",6885,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Phst","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Potassic-jeanlouisite","Potassic-jeanlouisite","K(NaCa)(Mg4Ti4+)Si8O22O2","K(NaCa)(Mg4Ti)Si8O22O2","K(NaCa)(Mg_4_Ti)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","K(NaCa)(Mg_4_Ti^4+^)Si_8_O_22_O_2_","K Na Ca Mg Ti Si O","IMA2018-050"," ",6787,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Na Ca Mg Ti^4+ Si O","Pjl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite","Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite","KNa2Mg4Fe3+Si8O22(OH)2","KNa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2","KNa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","KNa_2_Mg_4_Fe^3+^Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","K Na Mg Fe Si O H","IMA2016-083"," ",6609,"Amphibole-amphiboles sodic","monoclinic","C2/m","K Na Mg Fe^3+ Si O H","Pmarf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite","Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite","KNa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22F2","KNa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22F2","KNa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","KNa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_22_F_2_","K Na Mg Fe Si O F","IMA1985-023, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5331,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Na Mg Fe^3+ Si O F","Pmfarf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Potassic-magnesio-hastingsite","Potassic-magnesio-hastingsite","KCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","KCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","KCa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","KCa_2_(Mg_4_Fe^3+^)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","K Ca Mg Fe Si Al O H","IMA2004-027b, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5469,"Amphibole","monoclinic",,"K Ca Mg Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Pmhst","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Potassic-mangani-leakeite","Potassic-mangani-leakeite","KNa2(Mg2Mn3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)2","KNa2(Mg2Mn3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)2","KNa_2_(Mg_2_Mn^3+^_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","KNa_2_(Mg_2_Mn^3+^_2_Li)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","K Na Mg Mn Li Si O H","IMA1992-032, IMA2012 s.p."," ",2697,"Amphibole",,,"K Na Mg Mn^3+ Li Si O H","Pmlk","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Potassic-pargasite","Potassic-pargasite","KCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","KCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","KCa_2_(Mg_4_Al)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","KCa_2_(Mg_4_Al)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","K Ca Mg Al Si O H","IMA1994-046, IMA2012 s.p."," ",3695,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Ca Mg Al Si O H","Pprg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Potassic-richterite","Potassic-richterite","K(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","K(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","K(NaCa)Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","K(NaCa)Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","K Na Ca Mg Si O H","IMA2017-102"," ",6727,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Na Ca Mg Si O H","Prct","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Potassic-sadanagaite","Potassic-sadanagaite","KCa2Mg3Al2(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2","KCa2(Mg3Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2","KCa_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_(OH)_2_","KCa_2_Mg_3_Al_2_(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_(OH)_2_","K Ca Mg Al Si O H","IMA1982-102, IMA2012 s.p."," ",3692,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","K Ca Mg Al Si O H","Psdg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Pottsite","Pottsite","(Pb2+3Bi3+)Bi3+(V5+O4)4·H2O","(Pb3Bi)Bi(VO4)4·H2O","(Pb_3_Bi)Bi(VO_4_)_4_·H_2_O","(Pb^2+^_3_Bi^3+^)Bi^3+^(V^5+^O_4_)_4_·H_2_O","Pb Bi V O H","IMA1986-045"," ",3700,"Pottsite","tetragonal","I4122","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ V^5+ O H","Pot","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Poubaite","Poubaite","Pb2+Bi3+2(Se2-,Te2-,S2-)4","PbBi2(Se,Te,S)4","PbBi_2_(Se,Te,S)_4_","Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_2_(Se^2-^,Te^2-^,S^2-^)_4_","Pb Bi Se Te S","IMA1975-015"," ",3701,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Se^2- Te^2- S^2-","Pub","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Poudretteite","Poudretteite","KNa2(B3Si12)O30","KNa2(B3Si12)O30","KNa_2_(B_3_Si_12_)O_30_","KNa_2_(B_3_Si_12_)O_30_","K Na B Si O","IMA1986-028"," ",3702,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Na B Si O","Pou","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Poughite","Poughite","Fe3+2(Te4+O3)2S6+O4·3H2O","Fe3+2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)·3H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_(SO_4_)·3H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_S^6+^O_4_·3H_2_O","Fe Te O S H","IMA1966-048"," ",3703," ","orthorhombic","P21nb","Fe^3+ Te^4+ O S^6+ H","Pgh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Povondraite","Povondraite","NaFe3+3(Fe3+4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaFe3+3(Fe3+4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaFe^3+^_3_(Fe^3+^_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","NaFe^3+^_3_(Fe^3+^_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na Fe Mg Si O B H","IMA1990 s.p."," ",3704,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Fe^3+ Mg Si O B H","Pov","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Powellite","Powellite","CaMo6+O4","Ca(MoO4)","Ca(MoO_4_)","CaMo^6+^O_4_","Ca Mo O"," "," ",3705,"Scheelite","tetragonal","I41/a","Ca Mo^6+ O","Pwl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Poyarkovite","Poyarkovite","Hg1+3OCl","Hg3OCl","Hg_3_OCl","Hg^1+^_3_OCl","Hg O Cl","IMA1980-099"," ",3706," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Hg^1+ O Cl","Poy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Prachařite","Pracharite","CaSb5+2(As3+2O5)2O2·10H2O","CaSb5+2(As3+2O5)2O2·10H2O","CaSb^5+^_2_(As^3+^_2_O_5_)_2_O_2_·10H_2_O","CaSb^5+^_2_(As^3+^_2_O_5_)_2_O_2_·10H_2_O","Ca Sb As O H","IMA2018-081"," ",6811,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P3c1","Ca Sb^5+ As^3+ O H","Pcř","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pradetite","Pradetite","Co2+Cu2+4(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·9H2O","CoCu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·9H2O","CoCu_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·9H_2_O","Co^2+^Cu^2+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·9H_2_O","Co Cu As O H","IMA1991-046"," ",5579,"Lindackerite","triclinic","P1","Co^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Pde","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Prehnite","Prehnite","Ca2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","Ca2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","Ca_2_Al(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","Ca_2_Al(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","Ca Al Si O H"," "," ",3707,"Prehnite","orthorhombic","P2cm, Pncm","Ca Al Si O H","Prh","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Preisingerite","Preisingerite","Bi3+3O(As5+O4)2(OH)","Bi3O(AsO4)2(OH)","Bi_3_O(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)","Bi^3+^_3_O(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)","Bi O As H","IMA1981-016"," ",3708," ","triclinic","P1","Bi^3+ O As^5+ H","Psg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Preiswerkite","Preiswerkite","NaAlMg2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","NaAlMg2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","NaAlMg_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","NaAlMg_2_(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","Na Al Mg Si O H","IMA1979-008"," ",3709,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Al Mg Si O H","Pwk","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Preobrazhenskite","Preobrazhenskite","Mg3B11O15(OH)9","Mg3B11O15(OH)9","Mg_3_B_11_O_15_(OH)_9_","Mg_3_B_11_O_15_(OH)_9_","Mg B O H"," "," ",3710," ","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Mg B O H","Pbz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Pretulite","Pretulite","ScPO4","Sc(PO4)","Sc(PO_4_)","ScPO_4_","Sc P O","IMA1996-024"," ",3711,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Sc P O","Ptu","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Prewittite","Prewittite","KPb2+1.5Zn2+Cu2+6O2(Se4+O3)2Cl10","KPb1.5ZnCu6O2(SeO3)2Cl10","KPb_1.5_ZnCu_6_O_2_(SeO_3_)_2_Cl_10_","KPb^2+^_1.5_Zn^2+^Cu^2+^_6_O_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_Cl_10_","K Pb Zn Cu O Se Cl","IMA2002-041"," ",5200," ","orthorhombic","Pnnm","K Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Cu^2+ O Se^4+ Cl","Pwt","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Příbramite","Pribramite","Cu1+Sb3+Se2-2","CuSbSe2","CuSbSe_2_","Cu^1+^Sb^3+^Se^2-^_2_","Cu Sb Se","IMA2015-127"," ",6528,"Chalcostibite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^1+ Sb^3+ Se^2-","Pbm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Priceite","Priceite","Ca2B5O7(OH)5·H2O","Ca2B5O7(OH)5·H2O","Ca_2_B_5_O_7_(OH)_5_·H_2_O","Ca_2_B_5_O_7_(OH)_5_·H_2_O","Ca B O H"," "," ",4895," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca B O H","Pce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Priderite","Priderite","K(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16","K(Ti7Fe3+)O16","K(Ti_7_Fe^3+^)O_16_","K(Ti^4+^_7_Fe^3+^)O_16_","K Ti Fe O"," "," ",3712,"Coronadite","tetragonal","I4/m","K Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O","Pdr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism","No" +"Princivalleite","Princivalleite","Na(Mn2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","Na(Mn2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","Na(Mn_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na(Mn^2+^_2_Al)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na Mn Al Si O B H","IMA2020-056"," ",7070,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Mn^2+ Al Si O B H","Pva","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Pringleite","Pringleite","Ca9B26O34(OH)24Cl4·13H2O","Ca9B26O34(OH)24Cl4·13H2O","Ca_9_B_26_O_34_(OH)_24_Cl_4_·13H_2_O","Ca_9_B_26_O_34_(OH)_24_Cl_4_·13H_2_O","Ca B O H Cl","IMA1992-010"," ",3713," ","triclinic","P1","Ca B O H Cl","Pri","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Priscillagrewite-(Y)","Priscillagrewite-(Y)","YCa2Zr4+2Al3O12","YCa2Zr2Al3O12","YCa_2_Zr_2_Al_3_O_12_","YCa_2_Zr^4+^_2_Al_3_O_12_","Y Ca Zr Al O","IMA2020-002"," ",7020,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Y Ca Zr^4+ Al O","Pgr-Y","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Prismatine","Prismatine","(Mg,Al,Fe2+,Fe3+)6Al4(Si,Al)4(B,Si,Al)(O,OH,F)22","(Mg,Al,Fe)6Al4(Si,Al)4(B,Si,Al)(O,OH,F)22","(Mg,Al,Fe)_6_Al_4_(Si,Al)_4_(B,Si,Al)(O,OH,F)_22_","(Mg,Al,Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_6_Al_4_(Si,Al)_4_(B,Si,Al)(O,OH,F)_22_","Mg Al Fe Si B O H F","IMA1996 s.p."," ",3714,"Kornerupine","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Mg Al Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si B O H F","Prm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Probertite","Probertite","NaCaB5O7(OH)4·3H2O","NaCaB5O7(OH)4·3H2O","NaCaB_5_O_7_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","NaCaB_5_O_7_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Na Ca B O H"," "," ",3715," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Ca B O H","Pbr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Proshchenkoite-(Y)","Proshchenkoite-(Y)","(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn2+)15Fe2+Ca(P,Si)Si6B3(O,F)48","(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)15Fe2+Ca(P,Si)Si6B3(O,F)48","(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)_15_Fe^2+^Ca(P,Si)Si_6_B_3_(O,F)_48_","(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn^2+^)_15_Fe^2+^Ca(P,Si)Si_6_B_3_(O,F)_48_","Y REE Ca Na Mn Fe P Si B O F","IMA2008-007"," ",5666,"Okanoganite","hexagonal","R3m","Y REE Ca Na Mn^2+ Fe^2+ P Si B O F","Pck-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Prosopite","Prosopite","CaAl2F4(OH)4","CaAl2F4(OH)4","CaAl_2_F_4_(OH)_4_","CaAl_2_F_4_(OH)_4_","Ca Al F O H"," "," ",3716," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Al F O H","Psp","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Prosperite","Prosperite","Ca2Zn2+4(As5+O4)4·H2O","Ca2Zn4(AsO4)4·H2O","Ca_2_Zn_4_(AsO_4_)_4_·H_2_O","Ca_2_Zn^2+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_·H_2_O","Ca Zn As O H","IMA1978-028"," ",3717," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Ppe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Protasite","Protasite","Ba(U6+O2)3O3(OH)2·3H2O","Ba(UO2)3O3(OH)2·3H2O","Ba(UO_2_)_3_O_3_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Ba(U^6+^O_2_)_3_O_3_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Ba U O H","IMA1984-001"," ",3718," ","monoclinic","Pn","Ba U^6+ O H","Ps","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Proto-anthophyllite","Proto-anthophyllite","Mg7Si8O22(OH)2","☐Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Mg_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Mg_7_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Mg Si O H","IMA2001-065, IMA2012 s.p."," ",5141,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnmn","Mg Si O H","Path","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Protocaseyite","Protocaseyite","[Al4(OH)6(H2O)12][V5+10O28]·8H2O","[Al4(OH)6(H2O)12][V10O28]·8H2O","[Al_4_(OH)_6_(H_2_O)_12_][V_10_O_28_]·8H_2_O","[Al_4_(OH)_6_(H_2_O)_12_][V^5+^_10_O_28_]·8H_2_O","Al O H V","IMA2020-090"," ",7105,"Pascoite","triclinic","P1","Al O H V^5+","Pcy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Protochabournéite","Protochabourneite","Tl1+4-xPb2+2+2xSb3+20-x-yAs3+yS2-34 (with 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.34, 5.71 ≤ y ≤ 6.69)","Tl4-xPb2+2xSb20-x-yAsyS34 (with 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.34, 5.71 ≤ y ≤ 6.69)","Tl_4-x_Pb_2+2x_Sb_20-x-y_As_y_S_34_ (with 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.34, 5.71 ≤ y ≤ 6.69)","Tl^1+^_4-x_Pb^2+^_2+2x_Sb^3+^_20-x-y_As^3+^_y_S^2-^_34_ (with 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.34, 5.71 ≤ y ≤ 6.69)","Tl Pb Sb As S","IMA2011-054; IMA2021 s.p."," ",5998,"Chabournéite","triclinic","P1","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Pchb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Protoenstatite","Protoenstatite","Mg2Si2O6","Mg2Si2O6","Mg_2_Si_2_O_6_","Mg_2_Si_2_O_6_","Mg Si O","IMA2016-117"," ",6643,"Pyroxene","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Mg Si O","Pten","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks","No" +"Proto-ferro-anthophyllite","Proto-ferro-anthophyllite","Fe2+7Si8O22(OH)2","☐Fe2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Fe^2+^_2_Fe^2+^_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Fe^2+^_7_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Fe Si O H","IMA1986-006, IMA2012 s.p."," ",3719,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnmn","Fe^2+ Si O H","Pfath","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Proto-ferro-suenoite","Proto-ferro-suenoite","☐Mn2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2","☐Mn2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Mn^2+^_2_Fe^2+^_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Mn^2+^_2_Fe^2+^_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Mn Fe Si O H","IMA1986-007, IMA2012 s.p."," ",3720,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnmn","Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Si O H","Pfsue","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Proto-owyheeite","Proto-owyheeite","Ag1+9Pb2+40Sb3+45S2-112","Ag9Pb40Sb45S112","Ag_9_Pb_40_Sb_45_S_112_","Ag^1+^_9_Pb^2+^_40_Sb^3+^_45_S^2-^_112_","Ag Pb Sb S","IMA2024-021"," ",7548," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Powy",,"No" +"Proudite","Proudite","Cu1+2Pb2+16Bi3+20(S2-,Se2-)47","Cu2Pb16Bi20(S,Se)47","Cu_2_Pb_16_Bi_20_(S,Se)_47_","Cu^1+^_2_Pb^2+^_16_Bi^3+^_20_(S^2-^,Se^2-^)_47_","Cu Pb Bi S Se","IMA1975-028"," ",3721," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2- Se^2-","Pdi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Proustite","Proustite","Ag1+3As3+S2-3","Ag3AsS3","Ag_3_AsS_3_","Ag^1+^_3_As^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag As S"," "," ",3722," ","hexagonal","R3c","Ag^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Prs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Proxidecagonite","Proxidecagonite","Al34Ni9Fe2","Al34Ni9Fe2","Al_34_Ni_9_Fe_2_","Al_34_Ni_9_Fe_2_","Al Ni Fe","IMA2018-038"," ",6762," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Al Ni Fe","Pdec","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Proxitwelvefoldite","Proxitwelvefoldite","Pd3Ni4Te8","Pd3Ni4Te8","Pd_3_Ni_4_Te_8_","Pd_3_Ni_4_Te_8_","Pd Ni Te","IMA2024-034"," ",7551," ","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Pd Ni Te","Ptw",,"No" +"Przhevalskite","Przhevalskite","Pb2+(U6+O2)2(PO4)2·4H2O","Pb(UO2)2(PO4)2·4H2O","Pb(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Pb^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Pb U O P H"," "," ",3723," ",,,"Pb^2+ U^6+ O P H","Prz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pseudoboleite","Pseudoboleite","Pb2+31Cu2+24Cl62(OH)48","Pb31Cu24Cl62(OH)48","Pb_31_Cu_24_Cl_62_(OH)_48_","Pb^2+^_31_Cu^2+^_24_Cl_62_(OH)_48_","Pb Cu Cl O H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3724," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Cl O H","Pbol","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pseudobrookite","Pseudobrookite","(Fe3+2Ti4+)O5","(Fe3+2Ti)O5","(Fe^3+^_2_Ti)O_5_","(Fe^3+^_2_Ti^4+^)O_5_","Fe Ti O","IMA1988 s.p."," ",3725,"Pseudobrookite","orthorhombic","Bbmm, Cmcm","Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O","Pbrk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Pseudocotunnite","Pseudocotunnite","K2Pb2+Cl4","K2PbCl4 (?)","K_2_PbCl_4_ (?)","K_2_Pb^2+^Cl_4_","K Pb Cl"," "," ",5143," ",,,"K Pb^2+ Cl","Pcot","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Pseudodickthomssenite","Pseudodickthomssenite","Mg(V5+O3)2·8H2O","Mg(VO3)2·8H2O","Mg(VO_3_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg(V^5+^O_3_)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg V O H","IMA2021-027"," ",7138,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Mg V^5+ O H","Pdth","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pseudograndreefite","Pseudograndreefite","Pb2+6(S6+O4)F10","Pb6(SO4)F10","Pb_6_(SO_4_)F_10_","Pb^2+^_6_(S^6+^O_4_)F_10_","Pb S O F","IMA1988-017"," ",3726," ","orthorhombic","F222","Pb^2+ S^6+ O F","Pgrf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pseudojohannite","Pseudojohannite","Cu2+3(U6+O2)4O4(S6+O4)2(OH)2·12H2O","Cu3(OH)2[(UO2)4O4(SO4)2]·12H2O","Cu_3_(OH)_2_[(UO_2_)_4_O_4_(SO_4_)_2_]·12H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_O_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·12H_2_O","Cu O H U S","IMA2000-019"," ",5473," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ U^6+ O S^6+ H","Pjh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Pseudolaueite","Pseudolaueite","Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Fe P O H"," "," ",3727,"Stewartite","monoclinic","P21/a","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Plae","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pseudolyonsite","Pseudolyonsite","Cu2+3(V5+O4)2","Cu3(VO4)2","Cu_3_(VO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^_3_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_","Cu V O","IMA2009-062"," ",5790,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ V^5+ O","Plyo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Pseudomalachite","Pseudomalachite","Cu2+5(PO4)2(OH)4","Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4","Cu_5_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Cu P O H"," "," ",3728," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ P O H","Pmlc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pseudomarkeyite","Pseudomarkeyite","Ca8(U6+O2)4(CO3)12(H2O)18·3H2O","Ca8(UO2)4(CO3)12(H2O)18·3H2O","Ca_8_(UO_2_)_4_(CO_3_)_12_(H_2_O)_18_·3H_2_O","Ca_8_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(CO_3_)_12_(H_2_O)_18_·3H_2_O","Ca U O C H","IMA2018-114"," ",6845," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca U^6+ O C H","Pmk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pseudomeisserite-(NH4)","Pseudomeisserite-(NH4)","(N3-H4)2Na4[(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)5]·4H2O","(NH4)2Na4[(UO2)2(SO4)5]·4H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Na_4_[(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_5_]·4H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Na_4_[(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_]·4H_2_O","N H Na U O S","IMA2018-166"," ",6889,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","N^3- H Na U^6+ O S^6+","Pmss-NH4","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Pseudomertieite","Pseudomertieite","Pd5+x(Sb,As)2-x (x = 0.1-0.2)","Pd5+x(Sb,As)2-x (x = 0.1-0.2)","Pd_5+x_(Sb,As)_2-x_ (x = 0.1-0.2)","Pd_5+x_(Sb,As)_2-x_ (x = 0.1-0.2)","Pd Sb As","IMA1971-016"," ",3104," ","monoclinic",,"Pd Sb As","Met-I","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Pseudopomite","Pseudopomite","Ca3.5[V4+6V5+9O37(CO3)]·32H2O","Ca3.5[V4+6V5+9O37(CO3)]·32H2O","Ca_3.5_[V^4+^_6_V^5+^_9_O_37_(CO_3_)]·32H_2_O","Ca_3.5_[V^4+^_6_V^5+^_9_O_37_(CO_3_)]·32H_2_O","Ca V O C H","IMA2021-064"," ",7167,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca V^4+ V^5+ O C H","Ppom","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pseudorutile","Pseudorutile","Fe3+2Ti4+3O9","Fe3+2Ti4+3O9","Fe^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_3_O_9_","Fe^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_3_O_9_","Fe Ti O","IMA1994 s.p."," ",3729,"Tivanite","hexagonal","P6322","Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O","Pdrt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pseudosinhalite","Pseudosinhalite","Mg2Al3B2O9(OH)","Mg2Al3B2O9(OH)","Mg_2_Al_3_B_2_O_9_(OH)","Mg_2_Al_3_B_2_O_9_(OH)","Mg Al B O H","IMA1997-014"," ",3730," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg Al B O H","Pshl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Pseudowollastonite","Pseudowollastonite","CaSiO3","CaSiO3","CaSiO_3_","CaSiO_3_","Ca Si O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",5157," ","triclinic, monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Si O","Pwo","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Pucherite","Pucherite","Bi3+V5+O4","Bi(VO4)","Bi(VO_4_)","Bi^3+^V^5+^O_4_","Bi V O"," "," ",3731,"Scheelite","orthorhombic","Pnca","Bi^3+ V^5+ O","Puc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pumpellyite-(Al)","Pumpellyite-(Al)","Ca2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH,O)2·H2O","Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2·H2O","Ca_2_Al_3_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH,O)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_2_Al_3_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(OH,O)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Al Si O H","IMA2005-016"," ",5158,"Pumpellyite","monoclinic","A2/m, C2/m","Ca Al Si O H","Pmp-Al","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)","Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)","Ca2Fe2+Al2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O","Ca2Fe2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2·H2O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^Al_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH,O)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^Al_2_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA1973 s.p."," ",3732,"Pumpellyite","monoclinic","A2/m","Ca Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Pmp-Fe2+","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Pumpellyite-(Fe3+)","Pumpellyite-(Fe3+)","Ca2Fe3+Al2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH,O)2·H2O","Ca2Fe3+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2·H2O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^Al_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH,O)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^Al_2_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(OH,O)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Fe Al Si O H","IMA1973 s.p."," ",3733,"Pumpellyite","monoclinic",,"Ca Fe^3+ Al Si O H","Pmp-Fe3+","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pumpellyite-(Mg)","Pumpellyite-(Mg)","Ca2MgAl2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O","Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2·H2O","Ca_2_MgAl_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_2_MgAl_2_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Mg Al Si O H","IMA1973 s.p."," ",3734,"Pumpellyite","monoclinic","A2/m, C2/m","Ca Mg Al Si O H","Pmp-Mg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)","Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)","Ca2Mn2+Al2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O","Ca2Mn2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2·H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^Al_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^Al_2_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Mn Al Si O H","IMA1980-006"," ",3735,"Pumpellyite","monoclinic","A2/m","Ca Mn^2+ Al Si O H","Pmp-Mn2+","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Puninite","Puninite","Na2Cu2+3O(S6+O4)3","Na2Cu3O(SO4)3","Na_2_Cu_3_O(SO_4_)_3_","Na_2_Cu^2+^_3_O(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","Na Cu O S","IMA2015-012"," ",6421,"Euchlorine","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Cu^2+ O S^6+","Pun","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Punkaruaivite","Punkaruaivite","LiTi4+2Si4O11(OH)3·H2O","Li{Ti2(OH)2[Si4O11(OH)]}·H2O","Li{Ti_2_(OH)_2_[Si_4_O_11_(OH)]}·H_2_O","LiTi^4+^_2_Si_4_O_11_(OH)_3_·H_2_O","Li Ti O H Si","IMA2008-018"," ",5677," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Li Ti^4+ Si O H","Pka","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Purpurite","Purpurite","Mn3+☐PO4","Mn3+(PO4)","Mn^3+^(PO_4_)","Mn^3+^[box]PO_4_","Mn P O"," "," ",3736,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Mn^3+ P O","Pur","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Puschridgeite","Puschridgeite","Mn2+(C2H3O3)1-2(H2O)2","Mn(C2H3O3)2(H2O)2","Mn(C_2_H_3_O_3_)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Mn^2+^(C_2_H_3_O_3_)^1-^_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Mn C H O","IMA2025-030"," ",7578,"Glycolate, Stanevansite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ C H O","Phd",,"No" +"Pushcharovskite","Pushcharovskite","K0.6Cu2+18[As5+O2(OH)2]4[As5+O3OH]10(As5+O4)(OH)9.6·18.6H2O","K0.6Cu18[AsO2(OH)2]4[AsO3OH]10(AsO4)(OH)9.6·18.6H2O","K_0.6_Cu_18_[AsO_2_(OH)_2_]_4_[AsO_3_OH]_10_(AsO_4_)(OH)_9.6_·18.6H_2_O","K_0.6_Cu^2+^_18_[As^5+^O_2_(OH)_2_]_4_[As^5+^O_3_OH]_10_(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_9.6_·18.6H_2_O","K Cu As O H","IMA1995-048"," ",3737," ","triclinic","P1","K Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Pus","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Putnisite","Putnisite","SrCa4Cr3+8(CO3)8S6+O4(OH)16·25H2O","SrCa4Cr3+8(CO3)8(SO4)(OH)16·25H2O","SrCa_4_Cr^3+^_8_(CO_3_)_8_(SO_4_)(OH)_16_·25H_2_O","SrCa_4_Cr^3+^_8_(CO_3_)_8_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_16_·25H_2_O","Sr Ca Cr C O S H","IMA2011-106"," ",6050,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Sr Ca Cr^3+ C O S^6+ H","Pni","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Putoranite","Putoranite","Cu1.1Fe1.2S2","Cu1.1Fe1.2S2","Cu_1.1_Fe_1.2_S_2_","Cu_1.1_Fe_1.2_S_2_","Cu Fe S","IMA1979-054"," ",3738,"Chalcopyrite","cubic",,"Cu Fe S","Put","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Puttapaite","Puttapaite","Pb2+2Mn2+2Zn2+Cr3+4O2(As5+O4)4(OH)6·12H2O","Pb2Mn2+2ZnCr3+4O2(AsO4)4(OH)6·12H2O","Pb_2_Mn^2+^_2_ZnCr^3+^_4_O_2_(AsO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_Mn^2+^_2_Zn^2+^Cr^3+^_4_O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Pb Mn Zn Cr O As H","IMA2020-025"," ",7035,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Zn^2+ Cr^3+ O As^5+ H","Ptp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Putzite","Putzite","(Cu1+,Ag1+)8Ge4+S2-6","(Cu,Ag)8GeS6","(Cu,Ag)_8_GeS_6_","(Cu^1+^,Ag^1+^)_8_Ge^4+^S^2-^_6_","Cu Ag Ge S","IMA2002-024"," ",5194,"Argyrodite","cubic","F43m","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Ge^4+ S^2-","Pzi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pyatenkoite-(Y)","Pyatenkoite-(Y)","Na5YTi4+Si6O18·6H2O","Na5YTiSi6O18·6H2O","Na_5_YTiSi_6_O_18_·6H_2_O","Na_5_YTi^4+^Si_6_O_18_·6H_2_O","Na Y Ti Si O H","IMA1995-034"," ",3739," ","hexagonal","R32","Na Y Ti^4+ Si O H","Pyt-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Pyracmonite","Pyracmonite","(N3-H4)3Fe3+(S6+O4)3","(NH4)3Fe(SO4)3","(NH_4_)_3_Fe(SO_4_)_3_","(N^3-^H_4_)_3_Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_3_","N H Fe S O","IMA2008-029"," ",5687,"Pyracmonite","hexagonal, monoclinic","R3c, P21/c","N^3- H Fe^3+ S^6+ O","Pyr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Pyradoketosite","Pyradoketosite","Ag1+3Sb3+S2-3","Ag3SbS3","Ag_3_SbS_3_","Ag^1+^_3_Sb^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag Sb S","IMA2019-132"," ",7015," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Pdk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pyrargyrite","Pyrargyrite","Ag1+3Sb3+S2-3","Ag3SbS3","Ag_3_SbS_3_","Ag^1+^_3_Sb^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag Sb S"," "," ",3740," ","hexagonal","R3c","Ag^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Pyg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pyrite","Pyrite","Fe2+(S2)2-","FeS2","FeS_2_","Fe^2+^(S_2_)^2-^","Fe S"," "," ",3741,"Pyrite","cubic, triclinic","Pa3, P1","Fe^2+ S","Py","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere, PM44 - Anoxic microbially-mediated minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Pyroaurite","Pyroaurite","Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16CO3·4H2O","Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O","Mg_6_Fe^3+^_2_(OH)_16_(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Mg_6_Fe^3+^_2_(OH)_16_CO_3_·4H_2_O","Mg Fe O H C"," "," ",3742,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Fe^3+ O H C","Pya","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Pyrobelonite","Pyrobelonite","Pb2+Mn2+V5+O4(OH)","PbMn2+VO4(OH)","PbMn^2+^VO_4_(OH)","Pb^2+^Mn^2+^V^5+^O_4_(OH)","Pb Mn V O H"," "," ",3743,"Descloizite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ V^5+ O H","Pbl","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pyrochroite","Pyrochroite","Mn2+(OH)2","Mn2+(OH)2","Mn^2+^(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^(OH)_2_","Mn O H"," "," ",3745,"Brucite","hexagonal","P3m1","Mn^2+ O H","Pyc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pyrolusite","Pyrolusite","Mn4+O2","MnO2","MnO_2_","Mn^4+^O_2_","Mn O","IMA1982 s.p."," ",3746,"Rutile","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Mn^4+ O","Pyl","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pyromorphite","Pyromorphite","Pb2+5(PO4)3Cl","Pb5(PO4)3Cl","Pb_5_(PO_4_)_3_Cl","Pb^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_3_Cl","Pb P O Cl"," "," ",3747,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Pb^2+ P O Cl","Pym","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Pyrope","Pyrope","Mg3Al2(SiO4)3","Mg3Al2(SiO4)3","Mg_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Mg_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Mg Al Si O"," "," ",3748,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d, Ia3d","Mg Al Si O","Prp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Pyrophanite","Pyrophanite","Mn2+Ti4+O3","Mn2+TiO3","Mn^2+^TiO_3_","Mn^2+^Ti^4+^O_3_","Mn Ti O"," "," ",3749,"Corundum","tetragonal, hexagonal","P4/nnc, R3, R3c","Mn^2+ Ti^4+ O","Pph","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Pyrophyllite","Pyrophyllite","Al2Si4O10(OH)2","Al2Si4O10(OH)2","Al_2_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","Al_2_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","Al Si O H"," "," ",3750,"Clay, Pyrophyllite","monoclinic, triclinic","C2/c, C1","Al Si O H","Prl","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Pyrosmalite-(Fe)","Pyrosmalite-(Fe)","Fe2+8Si6O15(OH)10","Fe2+8Si6O15(OH)10","Fe^2+^_8_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_10_","Fe^2+^_8_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_10_","Fe Si O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",1907,"Pyrosmalite, Clay","hexagonal","P3m1","Fe^2+ Si O H","Pys-Fe","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Pyrosmalite-(Mn)","Pyrosmalite-(Mn)","Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10","Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10","Mn^2+^_8_Si_6_O_15_(OH,Cl)_10_","Mn^2+^_8_Si_6_O_15_(OH,Cl)_10_","Mn Si O H Cl","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3017,"Pyrosmalite, Clay","hexagonal","P3m1","Mn^2+ Si O H Cl","Pys-Mn","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Pyrostilpnite","Pyrostilpnite","Ag1+3Sb3+S2-3","Ag3SbS3","Ag_3_SbS_3_","Ag^1+^_3_Sb^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag Sb S"," "," ",3751,"Xanthoconite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Psti","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Pyroxferroite","Pyroxferroite","Fe2+SiO3","Fe2+SiO3","Fe^2+^SiO_3_","Fe^2+^SiO_3_","Fe Si O","IMA1970-001"," ",3752," ","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Si O","Pxf","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Pyroxmangite","Pyroxmangite","Mn2+SiO3","Mn2+SiO3","Mn^2+^SiO_3_","Mn^2+^SiO_3_","Mn Si O"," "," ",3753," ","triclinic","C1","Mn^2+ Si O","Pxm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Pyrrhotite","Pyrrhotite","Fe2+5Fe3+2S2-8","Fe7S8","Fe_7_S_8_","Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_2_S^2-^_8_","Fe S"," "," ",3754,"Nickeline","monoclinic, orthorhombic, hexagonal","F2/d, Cmca, Fd, Cc, P63/mmc, C2/c, P21","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Pyh","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Qandilite","Qandilite","(Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti4+,Fe3+,Al)O4","(Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4","(Mg,Fe^3+^)_2_(Ti,Fe^3+^,Al)O_4_","(Mg,Fe^3+^)_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Al)O_4_","Mg Fe Ti Al O","IMA1980-046"," ",3755,"Spinel","cubic, tetragonal","Fd3m, P4122","Mg Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Al O","Qnd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Qaqarssukite-(Ce)","Qaqarssukite-(Ce)","BaCe3+(CO3)2F","BaCe(CO3)2F","BaCe(CO_3_)_2_F","BaCe^3+^(CO_3_)_2_F","Ba Ce C O F","IMA2004-019"," ",5476," ","hexagonal","P3c1","Ba Ce^3+ C O F","Qq-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Qatranaite","Qatranaite","CaZn2+2(OH)6(H2O)2","CaZn2(OH)6(H2O)2","CaZn_2_(OH)_6_(H_2_O)_2_","CaZn^2+^_2_(OH)_6_(H_2_O)_2_","Ca Zn O H","IMA2016-024"," ",6552," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Zn^2+ O H","Qat","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Qeltite","Qeltite","Ca3Ti4+Si2(Fe3+2Si)O14","Ca3TiSi2(Fe3+2Si)O14","Ca_3_TiSi_2_(Fe^3+^_2_Si)O_14_","Ca_3_Ti^4+^Si_2_(Fe^3+^_2_Si)O_14_","Ca Ti Si Fe O","IMA2021-032"," ",7142,"Paqueite","hexagonal","P321","Ca Ti^4+ Si Fe^3+ O","Qlt","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Qilianshanite","Qilianshanite","NaH4(CO3)(BO3)·2H2O","NaH4(CO3)(BO3)·2H2O","NaH_4_(CO_3_)(BO_3_)·2H_2_O","NaH_4_(CO_3_)(BO_3_)·2H_2_O","Na H C O B","IMA1992-008"," ",3756," ","monoclinic","C2","Na H C O B","Qil","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Qingheiite","Qingheiite","NaNaMn2+(MgAl)(PO4)3","NaNaMn(MgAl)(PO4)3","NaNaMn(MgAl)(PO_4_)_3_","NaNaMn^2+^(MgAl)(PO_4_)_3_","Na Mn Mg Al P O","IMA1981-051"," ",3757,"Alluaudite-Wyllieite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Mn^2+ Mg Al P O","Qin","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Qingsongite","Qingsongite","BN3-","BN","BN","BN^3-^","B N","IMA2013-030"," ",6191,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","B N^3-","Qsg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Qitianlingite","Qitianlingite","Fe2+2Nb5+2W6+O10","Fe2+2Nb2W6+O10","Fe^2+^_2_Nb_2_W^6+^O_10_","Fe^2+^_2_Nb^5+^_2_W^6+^O_10_","Fe Nb W O","IMA1983-075"," ",3758,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Fe^2+ Nb^5+ W^6+ O","Qit","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Qiumingite","Qiumingite","Pb2+3(Zn2+2Fe3+)Sb5+P2O14","Pb3(Zn2Fe3+)Sb5+P2O14","Pb_3_(Zn_2_Fe^3+^)Sb^5+^P_2_O_14_","Pb^2+^_3_(Zn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^)Sb^5+^P_2_O_14_","Pb Zn Fe Sb P O","IMA2025-008"," ",7586,"Dugganite","hexagonal","P321","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ Fe^3+ Sb^5+ P O","Qmg",,"No" +"Quadratite","Quadratite","Ag1+Cd2+As3+S2-3","AgCdAsS3","AgCdAsS_3_","Ag^1+^Cd^2+^As^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag Cd As S","IMA1994-038"," ",3759,"Quadratite","tetragonal","P4322","Ag^1+ Cd^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Qd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Quadridavyne","Quadridavyne","[(Na,K)6Cl2][Ca2Cl2][(Si6Al6O24)]","[(Na,K)6Cl2][Ca2Cl2][(Si6Al6O24)]","[(Na,K)_6_Cl_2_][Ca_2_Cl_2_][(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)]","[(Na,K)_6_Cl_2_][Ca_2_Cl_2_][(Si_6_Al_6_O_24_)]","Na K Cl Ca Si Al O","IMA1990-054"," ",3760,"Cancrinite-sodalite, Cancrinite","hexagonal","P63/m","Na K Cl Ca Si Al O","Qdv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Quadruphite","Quadruphite","Na6Na2(CaNa)2Na2Ti4+2Na2Ti4+2(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O4F2","Na6Na2(CaNa)2Na2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O4F2","Na_6_Na_2_(CaNa)_2_Na_2_Ti_2_Na_2_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_4_O_4_F_2_","Na_6_Na_2_(CaNa)_2_Na_2_Ti^4+^_2_Na_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_4_O_4_F_2_","Na Ca Ti Si O P F","IMA1990-026"," ",3761,"Seidozerite-Murmanite","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Ti^4+ Si O P F","Qua","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Quartz","Quartz","SiO2","SiO2","SiO_2_","SiO_2_","Si O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3763,"Quartz","hexagonal","P3221, P6222, P3121","Si O","Qz","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM43 - Shear-induced minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Quatrandorite","Quatrandorite","Ag1+Pb2+Sb3+3S2-6","AgPbSb3S6","AgPbSb_3_S_6_","Ag^1+^Pb^2+^Sb^3+^_3_S^2-^_6_","Ag Pb Sb S","IMA2022 s.p."," ",5368,"Lillianite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pm2a, P21/c","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ado IV","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Queitite","Queitite","Zn2+2Pb2+4(SiO4)(Si2O7)(S6+O4)","Zn2Pb4(Si2O7)(SiO4)(SO4)","Zn_2_Pb_4_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(SO_4_)","Zn^2+^_2_Pb^2+^_4_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(S^6+^O_4_)","Zn Pb Si O S","IMA1978-029"," ",3764," ","monoclinic","P21","Zn^2+ Pb^2+ Si O S^6+","Que","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Quenselite","Quenselite","Pb2+Mn3+O2(OH)","PbMn3+O2(OH)","PbMn^3+^O_2_(OH)","Pb^2+^Mn^3+^O_2_(OH)","Pb Mn O H"," "," ",3765," ","monoclinic","P2/a, P2/c","Pb^2+ Mn^3+ O H","Qns","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Quenstedtite","Quenstedtite","Fe3+2(S6+O4)3·11H2O","Fe3+2(SO4)3·11H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(SO_4_)_3_·11H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_·11H_2_O","Fe S O H"," "," ",3766,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Qst","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Quetzalcoatlite","Quetzalcoatlite","Cu2+3Zn2+6Te6+2O12(OH)6·(Ag1+,Pb2+,☐)Cl","Cu2+3Zn6Te6+2O12(OH)6·(Ag,Pb,☐)Cl","Cu^2+^_3_Zn_6_Te^6+^_2_O_12_(OH)_6_·(Ag,Pb,[box])Cl","Cu^2+^_3_Zn^2+^_6_Te^6+^_2_O_12_(OH)_6_·(Ag^1+^,Pb^2+^,[box])Cl","Cu Zn Te O H Ag Pb Cl","IMA1973-010"," ",3767," ","hexagonal","P31m","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ Te^6+ O H Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Cl","Qzl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Quijarroite","Quijarroite","Cu1+6Hg2+Pb2+2Bi3+4Se2-12","Cu6HgPb2Bi4Se12","Cu_6_HgPb_2_Bi_4_Se_12_","Cu^1+^_6_Hg^2+^Pb^2+^_2_Bi^3+^_4_Se^2-^_12_","Cu Hg Pb Bi Se","IMA2016-052"," ",6580," ","orthorhombic","Pmn21","Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Se^2-","Qui","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Quintinite","Quintinite","Mg4Al2(OH)12CO3·3H2O","Mg4Al2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O","Mg_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Mg_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_CO_3_·3H_2_O","Mg Al O H C","IMA1992-028"," ",3768,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P6322, P3112, P62m","Mg Al O H C","Qtn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Qusongite","Qusongite","W4+C4-","WC","WC","W^4+^C^4-^","W C","IMA2007-034"," ",5634,"Qusongite","hexagonal","P6m2","W^4+ C^4-","Qus","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Raadeite","Raadeite","Mg7(PO4)2(OH)8","Mg7(PO4)2(OH)8","Mg_7_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_","Mg_7_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_","Mg P O H","IMA1996-034"," ",3770,"Allactite","monoclinic","P21/n","Mg P O H","Raa","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rabbittite","Rabbittite","Ca3Mg3(U6+O2)2(CO3)6(OH)4·18H2O","Ca3Mg3(UO2)2(CO3)6(OH)4·18H2O","Ca_3_Mg_3_(UO_2_)_2_(CO_3_)_6_(OH)_4_·18H_2_O","Ca_3_Mg_3_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(CO_3_)_6_(OH)_4_·18H_2_O","Ca Mg U O C H"," "," ",3771," ","monoclinic",,"Ca Mg U^6+ O C H","Rab","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Rabejacite","Rabejacite","Ca2(U6+O2)4O4(S6+O4)2·8H2O","Ca2[(UO2)4O4(SO4)2](H2O)8","Ca_2_[(UO_2_)_4_O_4_(SO_4_)_2_](H_2_O)_8_","Ca_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_O_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca U O S H","IMA1992-043"," ",3772," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca U^6+ O S^6+ H","Rbj","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Raberite","Raberite","Tl1+5Ag1+4As3+6Sb3+S2-15","Tl5Ag4As6SbS15","Tl_5_Ag_4_As_6_SbS_15_","Tl^1+^_5_Ag^1+^_4_As^3+^_6_Sb^3+^S^2-^_15_","Tl Ag As Sb S","IMA2012-017"," ",6075,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Tl^1+ Ag^1+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Rbr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Radekškodaite-(Ce)","Radekskodaite-(Ce)","(CaCe3+5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3","(CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3","(CaCe_5_)(Al_4_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]_5_O(OH)_3_","(CaCe^3+^_5_)(Al_4_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]_5_O(OH)_3_","Ca Ce Al Fe Si O H","IMA2019-042"," ",6929,"Radekškodaite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Ce^3+ Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Ršk-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Radekškodaite-(La)","Radekskodaite-(La)","(CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3","(CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3","(CaLa_5_)(Al_4_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]_5_O(OH)_3_","(CaLa_5_)(Al_4_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]_5_O(OH)_3_","Ca La Al Fe Si O H","IMA2018-107"," ",6834,"Radekškodaite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca La Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Ršk-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Radhakrishnaite","Radhakrishnaite","PbTe3(Cl,S)2","PbTe3(Cl,S)2","PbTe_3_(Cl,S)_2_","PbTe_3_(Cl,S)_2_","Pb Te Cl S","IMA1983-082"," ",3773," ","tetragonal",,"Pb Te Cl S","Rhk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Radovanite","Radovanite","Cu2+2Fe3+(As5+O4)(As3+O2OH)2·H2O","Cu2Fe3+[As5+O4][As3+O2(OH)]2·H2O","Cu_2_Fe^3+^[As^5+^O_4_][As^3+^O_2_(OH)]_2_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(As^5+^O_4_)(As^3+^O_2_OH)_2_·H_2_O","Cu Fe As O H","IMA2000-001"," ",3774," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O As^3+ H","Rdv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Radtkeite","Radtkeite","Hg2+3S2-2ClI1-","Hg3S2ClI","Hg_3_S_2_ClI","Hg^2+^_3_S^2-^_2_ClI^1-^","Hg S Cl I","IMA1989-030"," ",3775," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Hg^2+ S^2- Cl I^1-","Rdk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Radvaniceite","Radvaniceite","GeS2-2","GeS2","GeS_2_","GeS^2-^_2_","Ge S","IMA2021-052"," ",7158," ","monoclinic","Pc","Ge S^2-","Rad","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Raguinite","Raguinite","Tl1+Fe3+S2-2","TlFeS2","TlFeS_2_","Tl^1+^Fe^3+^S^2-^_2_","Tl Fe S","IMA1968-022"," ",3776,"Raguinite","monoclinic","C2/m","Tl^1+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Rgu","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Raisaite","Raisaite","Cu2+Mg[Te6+O4(OH)2]·6H2O","CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2]·6H2O","CuMg[Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_2_]·6H_2_O","Cu^2+^Mg[Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_2_]·6H_2_O","Cu Mg Te O H","IMA2014-046"," ",6342,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Cu^2+ Mg Te^6+ O H","Rsa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Raite","Raite","Na3Mn2+3Ti4+0.25Si8O20(OH)2·10H2O","Na3Mn2+3Ti0.25(Si8O20)(OH)2·10H2O","Na_3_Mn^2+^_3_Ti_0.25_(Si_8_O_20_)(OH)_2_·10H_2_O","Na_3_Mn^2+^_3_Ti^4+^_0.25_Si_8_O_20_(OH)_2_·10H_2_O","Na Mn Ti Si O H","IMA1972-010"," ",3777," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Rai","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rajite","Rajite","Cu2+Te4+2O5","CuTe4+2O5","CuTe^4+^_2_O_5_","Cu^2+^Te^4+^_2_O_5_","Cu Te O","IMA1978-039"," ",3778," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Te^4+ O","Raj","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rakovanite","Rakovanite","(N3-H4)3Na3[V5+10O28]·12H2O","(NH4)3Na3[V10O28]·12H2O","(NH_4_)_3_Na_3_[V_10_O_28_]·12H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_3_Na_3_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·12H_2_O","N H Na V O","IMA2010-052"," ",5879,"Pascoite","monoclinic","P21/n","N^3- H Na V^5+ O","Rkv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Ralphcannonite","Ralphcannonite","Ag1+Zn2+2Tl1+As3+2S2-6","AgZn2TlAs2S6","AgZn_2_TlAs_2_S_6_","Ag^1+^Zn^2+^_2_Tl^1+^As^3+^_2_S^2-^_6_","Ag Zn Tl As S","IMA2014-077"," ",6375,"Routhierite","tetragonal","I42m","Ag^1+ Zn^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Rcn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ramaccioniite","Ramaccioniite","Cu2+4[Se6+O4](OH)6","Cu4[SeO4](OH)6","Cu_4_[SeO_4_](OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_4_[Se^6+^O_4_](OH)_6_","Cu Se O H","IMA2018-082"," ",6812,"Brochantite","monoclinic","P21/a","Cu^2+ Se^6+ O H","Rmc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ramanite-(Cs)","Ramanite-(Cs)","CsB5O6(OH)4·2H2O","CsB5O6(OH)4·2H2O","CsB_5_O_6_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","CsB_5_O_6_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Cs B O H","IMA2007-007"," ",5616,"Santite","monoclinic","C2/c","Cs B O H","Ram-Cs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ramanite-(Rb)","Ramanite-(Rb)","RbB5O6(OH)4·2H2O","RbB5O6(OH)4·2H2O","RbB_5_O_6_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","RbB_5_O_6_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Rb B O H","IMA2007-006"," ",5615,"Santite","orthorhombic","Aba2","Rb B O H","Ram-Rb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ramazzoite","Ramazzoite","[Mg8Cu2+12(PO4)(CO3)4(OH)24(H2O)20][(H0.33S6+O4)3(H2O)36]","[Mg8Cu12(PO4)(CO3)4(OH)24(H2O)20][(H0.33SO4)3(H2O)36]","[Mg_8_Cu_12_(PO_4_)(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_24_(H_2_O)_20_][(H_0.33_SO_4_)_3_(H_2_O)_36_]","[Mg_8_Cu^2+^_12_(PO_4_)(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_24_(H_2_O)_20_][(H_0.33_S^6+^O_4_)_3_(H_2_O)_36_]","Mg Cu P O C H S","IMA2017-090"," ",6717,"Not in a structural group","cubic","P43m","Mg Cu^2+ P O C H S^6+","Rmz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rambergite","Rambergite","Mn2+S2-","MnS","MnS","Mn^2+^S^2-^","Mn S","IMA1995-028"," ",3780,"Wurtzite","hexagonal","P63mc","Mn^2+ S^2-","Rbg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Ramdohrite","Ramdohrite","Pb2+5.9Fe2+0.1Mn2+0.1In3+0.1Cd2+0.2Ag1+2.8Sb3+10.8S2-24","Pb5.9Fe0.1Mn0.1In0.1Cd0.2Ag2.8Sb10.8S24","Pb_5.9_Fe_0.1_Mn_0.1_In_0.1_Cd_0.2_Ag_2.8_Sb_10.8_S_24_","Pb^2+^_5.9_Fe^2+^_0.1_Mn^2+^_0.1_In^3+^_0.1_Cd^2+^_0.2_Ag^1+^_2.8_Sb^3+^_10.8_S^2-^_24_","Pb Fe Mn In Cd Ag Sb S"," "," ",3781,"Lillianite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pn21a, P21/n","Pb^2+ Fe^2+ Mn^2+ In^3+ Cd^2+ Ag^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Rdh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rameauite","Rameauite","K2Ca(U6+O2)6O6(OH)4·6H2O","K2Ca(UO2)6O6(OH)4·6H2O","K_2_Ca(UO_2_)_6_O_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","K_2_Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_6_O_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","K Ca U O H","IMA1971-045"," ",3782,"Compreignacite","monoclinic",,"K Ca U^6+ O H","Rme","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ramikite-(Y)","Ramikite-(Y)","Li2Na6(Y,Ca,REE)3Zr4+3(PO4)6(CO3)2O2(OH,F)2","Li4(Na,Ca)12(Y,Ca,REE)6Zr6(PO4)12(CO3)4O4[(OH),F]4","Li_4_(Na,Ca)_12_(Y,Ca,REE)_6_Zr_6_(PO_4_)_12_(CO_3_)_4_O_4_[(OH),F]_4_","Li_2_Na_6_(Y,Ca,REE)_3_Zr^4+^_3_(PO_4_)_6_(CO_3_)_2_O_2_(OH,F)_2_","Li Na Ca Y REE Zr P O C H F","IMA2009-021"," ",5750,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Li Na Y Ca REE Zr^4+ P O C H F","Rmi-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rammelsbergite","Rammelsbergite","Ni3+(As2)3-","NiAs2","NiAs_2_","Ni^3+^(As_2_)^3-^","Ni As"," "," ",3783,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Ni^3+ As","Rmb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ramosite","Ramosite","Pb2+25.7Sn4+8.3Mn2+3.4Sb3+6.4S2-56.2","Pb25.7Sn8.3Mn3.4Sb6.4S56.2","Pb_25.7_Sn_8.3_Mn_3.4_Sb_6.4_S_56.2_","Pb^2+^_25.7_Sn^4+^_8.3_Mn^2+^_3.4_Sb^3+^_6.4_S^2-^_56.2_","Pb Sn Mn Sb S","IMA2019-099"," ",6983,"Cylindrite","monoclinic","C2/m, P21","Pb^2+ Sn^4+ Mn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Rms","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ramsbeckite","Ramsbeckite","Cu2+15(S6+O4)4(OH)22·6H2O","Cu15(SO4)4(OH)22·6H2O","Cu_15_(SO_4_)_4_(OH)_22_·6H_2_O","Cu^2+^_15_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_22_·6H_2_O","Cu S O H","IMA1984-067"," ",3784," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Rbe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Ramsdellite","Ramsdellite","Mn4+O2","MnO2","MnO_2_","Mn^4+^O_2_","Mn O"," "," ",3785,"Ramsdellite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pnam","Mn^4+ O","Rmd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM28 - Photo-alteration, pre-biotic, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ranciéite","Rancieite","(Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2·0.6H2O","(Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2·0.6H2O","(Ca,Mn^2+^)_0.2_(Mn^4+^,Mn^3+^)O_2_·0.6H_2_O","(Ca,Mn^2+^)_0.2_(Mn^4+^,Mn^3+^)O_2_·0.6H_2_O","Ca Mn O H"," "," ",3786," ","hexagonal","P3","Ca Mn^2+ Mn^4+ Mn^3+ O H","Rnc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rankachite","Rankachite","Ca0.5(V4+,V5+)(W6+,Fe3+)2O8(OH)·2H2O","Ca0.5(V4+,V5+)(W6+,Fe3+)2O8(OH)·2H2O","Ca_0.5_(V^4+^,V^5+^)(W^6+^,Fe^3+^)_2_O_8_(OH)·2H_2_O","Ca_0.5_(V^4+^,V^5+^)(W^6+^,Fe^3+^)_2_O_8_(OH)·2H_2_O","Ca V W Fe O H","IMA1983-044"," ",3787," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Pmmn, P21/m","Ca V^4+ V^5+ W^6+ Fe^3+ O H","Rka","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rankamaite","Rankamaite","(Na,K)3(Ta5+,Nb5+,Al)11(O,OH)31","(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31","(Na,K)_3_(Ta,Nb,Al)_11_(O,OH)_31_","(Na,K)_3_(Ta^5+^,Nb^5+^,Al)_11_(O,OH)_31_","Na K Ta Nb Al O H","IMA1968-002"," ",3788," ","orthorhombic","C222","Na K Ta^5+ Nb^5+ Al O H","Rkm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Rankinite","Rankinite","Ca3Si2O7","Ca3Si2O7","Ca_3_Si_2_O_7_","Ca_3_Si_2_O_7_","Ca Si O"," "," ",3789," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Si O","Rnk","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Ransomite","Ransomite","Cu2+Fe3+2(S6+O4)4·6H2O","CuFe3+2(SO4)4·6H2O","CuFe^3+^_2_(SO_4_)_4_·6H_2_O","Cu^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·6H_2_O","Cu Fe S O H"," "," ",3790," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Rns","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Ranunculite","Ranunculite","Al(U6+O2)(PO3OH)(OH)3·4H2O","Al(UO2)(PO3OH)(OH)3·4H2O","Al(UO_2_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_3_·4H_2_O","Al(U^6+^O_2_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_3_·4H_2_O","Al U O P H","IMA1978-067"," ",3791," ","monoclinic",,"Al U^6+ O P H","Rnu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rapidcreekite","Rapidcreekite","Ca2(S6+O4)(CO3)·4H2O","Ca2(SO4)(CO3)·4H2O","Ca_2_(SO_4_)(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Ca_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Ca S O C H","IMA1984-035"," ",3792," ","orthorhombic","Pcnb","Ca S^6+ O C H","Rck","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Rappoldite","Rappoldite","Pb2+Co2+2(As5+O4)2·2H2O","PbCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O","PbCo_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^Co^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb Co As O H","IMA1998-015"," ",3793,"Natrochalcite-Helmutwinklerite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Co^2+ As^5+ O H","Rap","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Raslakite","Raslakite","Na15Ca3Fe2+3(Na,Zr4+)3Zr4+3(Si,Nb5+)Si25O73(OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)","Na15Ca3Fe3(Na,Zr)3Zr3(Si,Nb)Si25O73(OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)","Na_15_Ca_3_Fe_3_(Na,Zr)_3_Zr_3_(Si,Nb)Si_25_O_73_(OH,H_2_O)_3_(Cl,OH)","Na_15_Ca_3_Fe^2+^_3_(Na,Zr^4+^)_3_Zr^4+^_3_(Si,Nb^5+^)Si_25_O_73_(OH,H_2_O)_3_(Cl,OH)","Na Ca Fe Zr Si Nb O H Cl","IMA2002-067"," ",3794,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3","Na Ca Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Si Nb^5+ O H Cl","Rsk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rasmussenite","Rasmussenite","Ca(C2H3O3)1-2·3H2O","Ca(C2H3O3)2·3H2O","Ca(C_2_H_3_O_3_)_2_·3H_2_O","Ca(C_2_H_3_O_3_)^1-^_2_·3H_2_O","Ca C H O","IMA2024-018"," ",7445,"Glycolate","triclinic","P1","Ca C H O","Rsu",,"No" +"Raspite","Raspite","Pb2+W6+O4","Pb(WO4)","Pb(WO_4_)","Pb^2+^W^6+^O_4_","Pb W O"," "," ",3795,"Raspite","monoclinic","P21/a","Pb^2+ W^6+ O","Rsp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rastsvetaevite","Rastsvetaevite","Na27K8Ca12Fe2+3Zr4+6Si52O144(OH,O)6Cl2","Na27K8Ca12Fe3Zr6Si52O144(OH,O)6Cl2","Na_27_K_8_Ca_12_Fe_3_Zr_6_Si_52_O_144_(OH,O)_6_Cl_2_","Na_27_K_8_Ca_12_Fe^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_6_Si_52_O_144_(OH,O)_6_Cl_2_","Na K Ca Fe Zr Si O H Cl","IMA2000-028"," ",3796,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na K Ca Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Si O H Cl","Rvt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rasvumite","Rasvumite","KFe2+Fe3+S2-3","KFe2S3","KFe_2_S_3_","KFe^2+^Fe^3+^S^2-^_3_","K Fe S","IMA1970-028"," ",3797,"Cubanite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","K Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Rsv","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rathite","Rathite","Ag1+2Pb2+12-xTl1+x/2As3+18+x/2S2-40","Ag2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40","Ag_2_Pb_12-x_Tl_x/2_As_18+x/2_S_40_","Ag^1+^_2_Pb^2+^_12-x_Tl^1+^_x/2_As^3+^_18+x/2_S^2-^_40_","Ag Pb Tl As S"," "," ",3798,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/a, P21, P21/c","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Rat","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rathite-IV","Rathite-IV","Pb3As5S10","Pb3As5S10","Pb_3_As_5_S_10_","Pb_3_As_5_S_10_","Pb As S"," "," ",5477,"Sartorite",,,"Pb As S","Rat-IV","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rauchite","Rauchite","Ni2+(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·10H2O","Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2·10H2O","Ni(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Ni^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Ni U O As H","IMA2010-037"," ",5867,"Autunite","triclinic","P1, I1","Ni^2+ U^6+ O As^5+ H","Rau","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rauenthalite","Rauenthalite","Ca3(As5+O4)2·10H2O","Ca3(AsO4)2·10H2O","Ca_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Ca_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Ca As O H","IMA1964-007"," ",3799," ","triclinic","P1","Ca As^5+ O H","Rth","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Rauvite","Rauvite","Ca(U6+O2)2V5+10O28·16H2O","Ca(UO2)2V10O28·16H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_2_V_10_O_28_·16H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_2_V^5+^_10_O_28_·16H_2_O","Ca U O V H"," "," ",3800," ",,,"Ca U^6+ O V^5+ H","Ruv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ravatite","Ravatite","C14H10","C14H10","C_14_H_10_","C_14_H_10_","C H","IMA1992-019"," ",3801," ","monoclinic","P21","C H","Rav","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Raydemarkite","Raydemarkite","Mo6+O3·H2O","MoO3·H2O","MoO_3_·H_2_O","Mo^6+^O_3_·H_2_O","Mo O H","IMA2022-015"," ",7243," ","triclinic","P1","Mo^6+ O H","Ryd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Raygrantite","Raygrantite","Pb2+10Zn2+(S6+O4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2","Pb10Zn(SO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2","Pb_10_Zn(SO_4_)_6_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_10_Zn^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb Zn S O Si H","IMA2013-001"," ",6141,"Iranite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ S^6+ O Si H","Rgr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rayite","Rayite","(Ag1+,Tl1+)2Pb2+8Sb3+8S2-21","(Ag,Tl)2Pb8Sb8S21","(Ag,Tl)_2_Pb_8_Sb_8_S_21_","(Ag^1+^,Tl^1+^)_2_Pb^2+^_8_Sb^3+^_8_S^2-^_21_","Ag Tl Pb Sb S","IMA1982-029"," ",3802," ",,,"Ag^1+ Tl^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ray","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Realgar","Realgar","AsS","AsS","AsS","AsS","As S"," "," ",3803," ","monoclinic","P21/n","As S","Rlg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Reaphookhillite","Reaphookhillite","MgZn2+2(PO4)2·4H2O","MgZn2(PO4)2·4H2O","MgZn_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","MgZn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Mg Zn P O H","IMA2018-128"," ",6855,"Parahopeite","triclinic","P1","Mg Zn^2+ P O H","Rea","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rebulite","Rebulite","Tl1+5Sb3+5As3+8S2-22","Tl5Sb5As8S22","Tl_5_Sb_5_As_8_S_22_","Tl^1+^_5_Sb^3+^_5_As^3+^_8_S^2-^_22_","Tl Sb As S","IMA2008 s.p."," ",3804," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Tl^1+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Reb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Reckibachite","Reckibachite","Ag1+2Pb2+12As3+14Sb3+4S2-40","Ag2Pb12As14Sb4S40","Ag_2_Pb_12_As_14_Sb_4_S_40_","Ag^1+^_2_Pb^2+^_12_As^3+^_14_Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_40_","Ag Pb As Sb S","IMA2019-071"," ",7433,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Rek",,"No" +"Rectorite","Rectorite","(Na,Ca)Al4(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·2H2O","(Na,Ca)Al4(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·2H2O","(Na,Ca)Al_4_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","(Na,Ca)Al_4_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Na Ca Al Si O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3805,"Corrensite, Clay",,,"Na Ca Al Si O H","Rec","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Redcanyonite","Redcanyonite","(N3-H4)2Mn2+[(U6+O2)4O4(S6+O4)2](H2O)4","(NH4)2Mn[(UO2)4O4(SO4)2](H2O)4","(NH_4_)_2_Mn[(UO_2_)_4_O_4_(SO_4_)_2_](H_2_O)_4_","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Mn^2+^[(U^6+^O_2_)_4_O_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_](H_2_O)_4_","N H Mn U O S","IMA2016-082"," ",6608,"Zippeite","monoclinic","C2/m","N^3- H Mn^2+ U^6+ O S^6+","Rcy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Reddingite","Reddingite","Mn2+3(PO4)2·3H2O","Mn2+3(PO4)2·3H2O","Mn^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Mn^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Mn P O H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",3806,"Reddingite","orthorhombic","Pbna","Mn^2+ P O H","Rdd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Redgillite","Redgillite","Cu2+6S6+O4(OH)10·H2O","Cu6(SO4)(OH)10·H2O","Cu_6_(SO_4_)(OH)_10_·H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_10_·H_2_O","Cu S O H","IMA2004-016"," ",5276," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Rgl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Redingtonite","Redingtonite","Fe2+Cr3+2(S6+O4)4·22H2O","Fe2+Cr2(SO4)4·22H2O","Fe^2+^Cr_2_(SO_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Fe^2+^Cr^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Fe Cr S O H"," "," ",3807,"Halotrichite",,,"Fe^2+ Cr^3+ S^6+ O H","Rdt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Redledgeite","Redledgeite","Ba(Ti4+6Cr3+2)O16","Ba(Ti6Cr3+2)O16","Ba(Ti_6_Cr^3+^_2_)O_16_","Ba(Ti^4+^_6_Cr^3+^_2_)O_16_","Ba Ti Cr O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",3808,"Coronadite","tetragonal","I4/m","Ba Ti^4+ Cr^3+ O","Red","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Redmondite","Redmondite","[Pb2+8O2Zn2+(OH)6](S6+O3S2-)4","[Pb8O2Zn(OH)6](S2O3)4","[Pb_8_O_2_Zn(OH)_6_](S_2_O_3_)_4_","[Pb^2+^_8_O_2_Zn^2+^(OH)_6_](S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_4_","Pb O Zn H S","IMA2021-072"," ",7180,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ O Zn^2+ H S^6+ S^2-","Rdm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Redondite","Redondite","AlPO4·2H2O","Al(PO4)·2H2O","Al(PO_4_)·2H_2_O","AlPO_4_·2H_2_O","Al P O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",5159," ",,,"Al P O H","Rdo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Reederite-(Y)","Reederite-(Y)","(Na,Mn2+)15Y2(CO3)9(S6+O3F)Cl","(Na,Mn)15Y2(CO3)9(SO3F)Cl","(Na,Mn)_15_Y_2_(CO_3_)_9_(SO_3_F)Cl","(Na,Mn^2+^)_15_Y_2_(CO_3_)_9_(S^6+^O_3_F)Cl","Na Mn Y C O S F Cl","IMA1994-012"," ",3809," ","hexagonal","P6","Na Mn^2+ Y C O S^6+ F Cl","Rde-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Reedmergnerite","Reedmergnerite","NaBSi3O8","NaBSi3O8","NaBSi_3_O_8_","NaBSi_3_O_8_","Na B Si O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3810,"Feldspar","triclinic","C1","Na B Si O","Rm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Reevesite","Reevesite","Ni2+6Fe3+2(OH)16CO3·4H2O","Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O","Ni_6_Fe^3+^_2_(OH)_16_(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Ni^2+^_6_Fe^3+^_2_(OH)_16_CO_3_·4H_2_O","Ni Fe O H C","IMA1966-025"," ",3811,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal",,"Ni^2+ Fe^3+ O H C","Rvs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Refikite","Refikite","C20H34O2","C20H34O2","C_20_H_34_O_2_","C_20_H_34_O_2_","C H O"," "," ",3812," ","orthorhombic","P21212","C H O","Ref","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Regerite","Regerite","KFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)7(H2O)6·4H2O","KFe6(PO4)4(OH)7(H2O)6·4H2O","KFe_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_7_(H_2_O)_6_·4H_2_O","KFe^3+^_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_7_(H_2_O)_6_·4H_2_O","K Fe P O H","IMA2023-028"," ",7384,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","K Fe^3+ P O H","Reg",,"No" +"Reichenbachite","Reichenbachite","Cu2+5(PO4)2(OH)4","Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4","Cu_5_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Cu P O H","IMA1985-044"," ",3813," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Cu^2+ P O H","Rbh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Reidite","Reidite","Zr4+SiO4","Zr(SiO4)","Zr(SiO_4_)","Zr^4+^SiO_4_","Zr Si O","IMA2001-013"," ",3814," ","tetragonal","I41/a","Zr^4+ Si O","Rei","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals","No" +"Reinerite","Reinerite","Zn2+3(As3+O3)2","Zn3(AsO3)2","Zn_3_(AsO_3_)_2_","Zn^2+^_3_(As^3+^O_3_)_2_","Zn As O"," "," ",3815," ","orthorhombic","Pbam","Zn^2+ As^3+ O","Rnr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Reinhardbraunsite","Reinhardbraunsite","Ca5(SiO4)2(OH)2","Ca5(SiO4)2(OH)2","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Ca Si O H","IMA1980-032"," ",3816,"Humite","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/b","Ca Si O H","Rbn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Relianceite-(K)","Relianceite-(K)","K4Mg(V4+O)2((C2)6+O4)(PO3OH)4(H2O)10","K4Mg(V4+O)2(C2O4)(PO3OH)4(H2O)10","K_4_Mg(V^4+^O)_2_(C_2_O_4_)(PO_3_OH)_4_(H_2_O)_10_","K_4_Mg(V^4+^O)_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)(PO_3_OH)_4_(H_2_O)_10_","K Mg V O C P H","IMA2020-102"," ",7115,"Oxalate","monoclinic","Pc","K Mg V^4+ O C P H","Rel-K","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Rémondite-(Ce)","Remondite-(Ce)","Na3(Ce3+,Ca,Na)3(CO3)5","Na3(Ce,Ca,Na)3(CO3)5","Na_3_(Ce,Ca,Na)_3_(CO_3_)_5_","Na_3_(Ce^3+^,Ca,Na)_3_(CO_3_)_5_","Na Ce Ca C O","IMA1987-035"," ",3817,"Burbankite","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Na Ce^3+ Ca C O","Rém-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rémondite-(La)","Remondite-(La)","Na3(La,Ca,Na)3(CO3)5","Na3(La,Ca,Na)3(CO3)5","Na_3_(La,Ca,Na)_3_(CO_3_)_5_","Na_3_(La,Ca,Na)_3_(CO_3_)_5_","Na La Ca C O","IMA1999-006"," ",3818,"Burbankite","monoclinic","P2","Na La Ca C O","Rém-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Renardite","Renardite","Pb2+(U6+O2)4(PO4)2(OH)4·7H2O","Pb(UO2)4(PO4)2(OH)4·7H2O","Pb(UO_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·7H_2_O","Pb^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·7H_2_O","Pb U O P H"," "," ",3819," ",,,"Pb^2+ U^6+ O P H","Rnd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rengeite","Rengeite","Sr4Ti4+4Zr4+O8(Si2O7)2","Sr4Ti4ZrO8(Si2O7)2","Sr_4_Ti_4_ZrO_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_","Sr_4_Ti^4+^_4_Zr^4+^O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_","Sr Ti Zr O Si","IMA1998-055"," ",3820,"Chevkinite","monoclinic","C2/m, P21/a","Sr Ti^4+ Zr^4+ O Si","Rge","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Renierite","Renierite","(Cu1+,Cu2+,Zn2+)11(Fe2+,Fe3+)4(Ge4+,As5+)2S2-16","(Cu1+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16","(Cu^1+^,Zn)_11_Fe_4_(Ge^4+^,As^5+^)_2_S_16_","(Cu^1+^,Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^)_11_(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^)_4_(Ge^4+^,As^5+^)_2_S^2-^_16_","Cu Zn Fe Ge As S","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3821,"Germanite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","P42c","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Zn^2+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Ge^4+ As^5+ S^2-","Ren","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Reppiaite","Reppiaite","Mn2+5(V5+O4)2(OH)4","Mn2+5(VO4)2(OH)4","Mn^2+^_5_(VO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Mn^2+^_5_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Mn V O H","IMA1991-007"," ",3822," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Mn^2+ V^5+ O H","Rep","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Retgersite","Retgersite","Ni2+S6+O4·6H2O","Ni(SO4)·6H2O","Ni(SO_4_)·6H_2_O","Ni^2+^S^6+^O_4_·6H_2_O","Ni S O H"," "," ",3823," ","tetragonal","P41212, P43212","Ni^2+ S^6+ O H","Rtg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Retzian-(Ce)","Retzian-(Ce)","Mn2+2Ce3+As5+O4(OH)4","Mn2+2Ce(AsO4)(OH)4","Mn^2+^_2_Ce(AsO_4_)(OH)_4_","Mn^2+^_2_Ce^3+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)_4_","Mn Ce As O H","IMA1982 s.p."," ",3824,"Retzian","orthorhombic","Pban","Mn^2+ Ce^3+ As^5+ O H","Rtz-Ce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Retzian-(La)","Retzian-(La)","Mn2+2LaAs5+O4(OH)4","Mn2+2La(AsO4)(OH)4","Mn^2+^_2_La(AsO_4_)(OH)_4_","Mn^2+^_2_LaAs^5+^O_4_(OH)_4_","Mn La As O H","IMA1983-077"," ",3825,"Retzian","orthorhombic","Pban","Mn^2+ La As^5+ O H","Rtz-La","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Retzian-(Nd)","Retzian-(Nd)","Mn2+2NdAs5+O4(OH)4","Mn2+2Nd(AsO4)(OH)4","Mn^2+^_2_Nd(AsO_4_)(OH)_4_","Mn^2+^_2_NdAs^5+^O_4_(OH)_4_","Mn Nd As O H","IMA1982 s.p."," ",3826,"Retzian","orthorhombic","Pban","Mn^2+ Nd As^5+ O H","Rtz-Nd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Revdite","Revdite","Na16Si16O27(OH)26·28H2O","Na16Si16O27(OH)26·28H2O","Na_16_Si_16_O_27_(OH)_26_·28H_2_O","Na_16_Si_16_O_27_(OH)_26_·28H_2_O","Na Si O H","IMA1979-082"," ",3827," ","monoclinic","C2","Na Si O H","Rev","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rewitzerite","Rewitzerite","K(H2O)Mn2+2(Al2Ti4+)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10·4H2O","K(H2O)Mn2(Al2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10·4H2O","K(H_2_O)Mn_2_(Al_2_Ti)(PO_4_)_4_[O(OH)](H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","K(H_2_O)Mn^2+^_2_(Al_2_Ti^4+^)(PO_4_)_4_[O(OH)](H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","K H O Mn Al Ti P","IMA2023-005"," ",7361,"Paulkerrite","monoclinic","P21/c","K H O Mn^2+ Al Ti^4+ P","Rwz",,"No" +"Reyerite","Reyerite","Na2Ca14Al2Si22O58(OH)8·6H2O","Na2Ca14Al2Si22O58(OH)8·6H2O","Na_2_Ca_14_Al_2_Si_22_O_58_(OH)_8_·6H_2_O","Na_2_Ca_14_Al_2_Si_22_O_58_(OH)_8_·6H_2_O","Na Ca Al Si O H"," "," ",3828,"Gyrolite","hexagonal","P3","Na Ca Al Si O H","Rey","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Reynoldsite","Reynoldsite","Pb2+2Mn4+2O5(Cr6+O4)","Pb2Mn4+2O5(CrO4)","Pb_2_Mn^4+^_2_O_5_(CrO_4_)","Pb^2+^_2_Mn^4+^_2_O_5_(Cr^6+^O_4_)","Pb Mn O Cr","IMA2011-051"," ",5979,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Mn^4+ O Cr^6+","Ryn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Reznitskyite","Reznitskyite","CaMg(V5+O4)F","CaMg(VO4)F","CaMg(VO_4_)F","CaMg(V^5+^O_4_)F","Ca Mg V O F","IMA2021-067"," ",7174,"Titanite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mg V^5+ O F","Rzs","Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Rhabdoborite-(Mo)","Rhabdoborite-(Mo)","Mg12Mo6+1.33O6(BO3)6F2","Mg12Mo6+1.33O6(BO3)6F2","Mg_12_Mo^6+^_1.33_O_6_(BO_3_)_6_F_2_","Mg_12_Mo^6+^_1.33_O_6_(BO_3_)_6_F_2_","Mg Mo O B F","IMA2019-114"," ",6998,"Rhabdoborite","hexagonal","P63","Mg Mo^6+ O B F","Rbo-Mo","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Rhabdoborite-(V)","Rhabdoborite-(V)","Mg12(V5+,Mo6+,W6+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As5+)O4]xF2-x} (x < 1)","Mg12(V5+,Mo6+,W6+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} (x < 1)","Mg_12_(V^5+^,Mo^6+^,W^6+^)_1.5_O_6_{[BO_3_]_6-x_[(P,As)O_4_]_x_F_2-x_} (x < 1)","Mg_12_(V^5+^,Mo^6+^,W^6+^)_1.5_O_6_{[BO_3_]_6-x_[(P,As^5+^)O_4_]_x_F_2-x_} (x < 1)","Mg V Mo W O B P As F","IMA2017-108"," ",6734,"Rhabdoborite","hexagonal","P63","Mg V^5+ Mo^6+ W^6+ O B P As^5+ F","Rbo-V","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Rhabdoborite-(W)","Rhabdoborite-(W)","Mg12(W6+,V5+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As5+)O4]xF2-x} (x < 1)","Mg12(W6+,V5+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} (x < 1)","Mg_12_(W^6+^,V^5+^)_1.5_O_6_{[BO_3_]_6-x_[(P,As)O_4_]_x_F_2-x_} (x < 1)","Mg_12_(W^6+^,V^5+^)_1.5_O_6_{[BO_3_]_6-x_[(P,As^5+^)O_4_]_x_F_2-x_} (x < 1)","Mg W V O B P As F","IMA2017-109"," ",6735,"Rhabdoborite","hexagonal","P63","Mg W^6+ V^5+ O B P As^5+ F","Rbo-W","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Rhabdophane-(Ce)","Rhabdophane-(Ce)","Ce3+PO4·H2O","Ce(PO4)·H2O","Ce(PO_4_)·H_2_O","Ce^3+^PO_4_·H_2_O","Ce P O H","IMA1966 s.p."," ",3829,"Rhabdophane","hexagonal","P6222, P3121","Ce^3+ P O H","Rha-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rhabdophane-(La)","Rhabdophane-(La)","LaPO4·H2O","La(PO4)·H2O","La(PO_4_)·H_2_O","LaPO_4_·H_2_O","La P O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",3830,"Rhabdophane",,,"La P O H","Rha-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Rhabdophane-(Nd)","Rhabdophane-(Nd)","NdPO4·H2O","Nd(PO4)·H2O","Nd(PO_4_)·H_2_O","NdPO_4_·H_2_O","Nd P O H","IMA1966 s.p."," ",3831,"Rhabdophane",,,"Nd P O H","Rha-Nd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Rhabdophane-(Y)","Rhabdophane-(Y)","YPO4·H2O","Y(PO4)·H2O","Y(PO_4_)·H_2_O","YPO_4_·H_2_O","Y P O H","IMA2011-031"," ",5959,"Rhabdophane","hexagonal","P6222","Y P O H","Rha-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks","No" +"Rheniite","Rheniite","ReS2","ReS2","ReS_2_","ReS_2_","Re S","IMA1999-004a"," ",4893," ","triclinic","P1","Re S","Rhn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Rhodarsenide","Rhodarsenide","Rh2As","Rh2As","Rh_2_As","Rh_2_As","Rh As","IMA1996-030"," ",3832,"Barringerite","orthorhombic",,"Rh As","Rda","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Rhodesite","Rhodesite","K2Ca2Si8O19·5H2O","KHCa2Si8O19·5H2O","KHCa_2_Si_8_O_19_·5H_2_O","K_2_Ca_2_Si_8_O_19_·5H_2_O","K H Ca Si O"," "," ",3833,"Rhodesite","orthorhombic","Pmmn, Pmam","K Ca Si O H","Rod","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rhodium","Rhodium","Rh","Rh","Rh","Rh","Rh","IMA1974-012"," ",3834,"Copper","cubic","Fm3m","Rh","Rh","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","Yes" +"Rhodizite","Rhodizite","KAl4Be5B11O28","KBe4Al4(B11Be)O28","KBe_4_Al_4_(B_11_Be)O_28_","KAl_4_Be_5_B_11_O_28_","K Be Al B O"," "," ",3835,"Rhodizite","cubic","P43m","K Al Be B O","Rdz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Rhodochrosite","Rhodochrosite","Mn2+CO3","Mn(CO3)","Mn(CO_3_)","Mn^2+^CO_3_","Mn C O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3836,"Calcite","hexagonal","R3c, R3c","Mn^2+ C O","Rds","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Rhodonite","Rhodonite","CaMn2+3Mn2+Si5O15","CaMn3Mn(Si5O15)","CaMn_3_Mn(Si_5_O_15_)","CaMn^2+^_3_Mn^2+^Si_5_O_15_","Ca Mn Si O","IMA2019 s.p."," ",3837,"Rhodonite","triclinic","C1, P1","Ca Mn^2+ Si O","Rdn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Rhodostannite","Rhodostannite","Cu1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S2-4","Cu1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4","Cu^1+^(Fe^2+^_0.5_Sn^4+^_1.5_)S_4_","Cu^1+^(Fe^2+^_0.5_Sn^4+^_1.5_)S^2-^_4_","Cu Fe Sn S","IMA1968-018"," ",3838,"Spinel","tetragonal","I41/a","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Rhs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rhodplumsite","Rhodplumsite","Rh3Pb2S2","Rh3Pb2S2","Rh_3_Pb_2_S_2_","Rh_3_Pb_2_S_2_","Rh Pb S","IMA1982-043"," ",3839," ","hexagonal","R3m","Rh Pb S","Rhp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rhomboclase","Rhomboclase","(H5O2)Fe3+(S6+O4)2·2H2O","(H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2·2H2O","(H_5_O_2_)Fe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","(H_5_O_2_)Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","H O Fe S"," "," ",3840,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","H O Fe^3+ S^6+","Rbc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Rhönite","Rhonite","Ca4(Mg8Fe3+2Ti4+2)O4[Si6Al6O36]","Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]","Ca_4_[Mg_8_Fe^3+^_2_Ti_2_]O_4_[Si_6_Al_6_O_36_]","Ca_4_(Mg_8_Fe^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_2_)O_4_[Si_6_Al_6_O_36_]","Ca Mg Fe Ti O Si Al","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3841,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O Si Al","Rhö","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ribbeite","Ribbeite","Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2","Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2","Mn^2+^_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Mn Si O H","IMA1985-045"," ",3842,"Humite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mn^2+ Si O H","Rib","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Richardsite","Richardsite","Zn2+2Cu1+Ga3+S2-4","Zn2CuGaS4","Zn_2_CuGaS_4_","Zn^2+^_2_Cu^1+^Ga^3+^S^2-^_4_","Zn Cu Ga S","IMA2019-136"," ",6969,"Stannite","tetragonal","I42m","Zn^2+ Cu^1+ Ga^3+ S^2-","Ric","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Richardsollyite","Richardsollyite","Tl1+Pb2+As3+S2-3","TlPbAsS3","TlPbAsS_3_","Tl^1+^Pb^2+^As^3+^S^2-^_3_","Tl Pb As S","IMA2016-043"," ",6571,"Richardsollyite","monoclinic","P21/c","Tl^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Rsy","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Richellite","Richellite","CaFe3+2(PO4)2(OH,F)2","CaFe3+2(PO4)2(OH,F)2","CaFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH,F)_2_","CaFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH,F)_2_","Ca Fe P O H F"," "," ",3843," ",,,"Ca Fe^3+ P O H F","Rhe","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Richelsdorfite","Richelsdorfite","Ca2Cu2+5Sb5+(As5+O4)4(OH)6Cl·6H2O","Ca2Cu5Sb5+(AsO4)4(OH)6Cl·6H2O","Ca_2_Cu_5_Sb^5+^(AsO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_Cl·6H_2_O","Ca_2_Cu^2+^_5_Sb^5+^(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_6_Cl·6H_2_O","Ca Cu Sb As O H Cl","IMA1982-019"," ",3844," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Cu^2+ Sb^5+ As^5+ O H Cl","Rdf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Richetite","Richetite","(Fe3+,Mg)xPb2+8.6(U6+O2)36O36(OH)24·41H2O","(Fe3+,Mg)xPb2+8.6(UO2)36O36(OH)24·41H2O","(Fe^3+^,Mg)_x_Pb^2+^_8.6_(UO_2_)_36_O_36_(OH)_24_·41H_2_O","(Fe^3+^,Mg)_x_Pb^2+^_8.6_(U^6+^O_2_)_36_O_36_(OH)_24_·41H_2_O","Fe Mg Pb U O H"," "," ",3845," ","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ Mg Pb^2+ U^6+ O H","Rht","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Richterite","Richterite","Na(CaNa)Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na(CaNa)Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",3846,"Amphibole","monoclinic","I2/m, C2/m","Na Ca Mg Si O H","Rct","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Rickardite","Rickardite","Cu2.64-3.00Te2","Cu3-xTe2","Cu_3-x_Te_2_","Cu_2.64-3.00_Te_2_","Cu Te"," "," ",3847," ","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Cu Te","Rkd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rickturnerite","Rickturnerite","Pb2+7O4[Mg(OH)4](OH)Cl3","Pb7O4[Mg(OH)4](OH)Cl3","Pb_7_O_4_[Mg(OH)_4_](OH)Cl_3_","Pb^2+^_7_O_4_[Mg(OH)_4_](OH)Cl_3_","Pb O Mg H Cl","IMA2010-034"," ",5864,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pmm2","Pb^2+ O Mg H Cl","Rtn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Riebeckite","Riebeckite","☐Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2","☐Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Na_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Na_2_(Fe^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Fe Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",3848,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Rbk","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Riesite","Riesite","Ti4+O2","TiO2","TiO_2_","Ti^4+^O_2_","Ti O","IMA2015-110a"," ",6620,"Columbite","monoclinic","P2/c","Ti^4+ O","Rie","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals","No" +"Rietveldite","Rietveldite","Fe2+(U6+O2)(S6+O4)2(H2O)5","Fe(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)5","Fe(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_5_","Fe^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_5_","Fe U O S H","IMA2016-081"," ",6607,"Svornostite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","Fe^2+ U^6+ O S^6+ H","Rvd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rilandite","Rilandite","Cr3+6SiO11·5H2O","Cr6SiO11·5H2O (?)","Cr_6_SiO_11_·5H_2_O (?)","Cr^3+^_6_SiO_11_·5H_2_O","Cr Si O H"," "," ",5128," ",,,"Cr^3+ Si O H","Ril","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Rimkorolgite","Rimkorolgite","BaMg5(PO4)4·8H2O","BaMg5(PO4)4·8H2O","BaMg_5_(PO_4_)_4_·8H_2_O","BaMg_5_(PO_4_)_4_·8H_2_O","Ba Mg P O H","IMA1990-032"," ",3849," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ba Mg P O H","Rolg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ringwoodite","Ringwoodite","Mg2SiO4","SiMg2O4","SiMg_2_O_4_","Mg_2_SiO_4_","Si Mg O","IMA1968-036"," ",3850,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Mg Si O","Rwd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Rinkite-(Ce)","Rinkite-(Ce)","Ca2(CaCe3+)Na(NaCa)Ti4+(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca2(CaCe)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca_2_(CaCe)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca_2_(CaCe^3+^)Na(NaCa)Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca Ce Na Ti Si O F","IMA2016 s.p."," ",3851,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Ce^3+ Na Ti^4+ Si O F","Rin-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rinkite-(Y)","Rinkite-(Y)","Ca2(CaY)Na(NaCa)Ti4+(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca2(CaY)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2","Ca_2_(CaY)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca_2_(CaY)Na(NaCa)Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OF)F_2_","Ca Y Na Ti Si O F","IMA2017-043"," ",6692,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Y Na Ti^4+ Si O F","Rin-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rinmanite","Rinmanite","Zn2+Sb5+(Fe3+2Mg)O7(OH)","ZnSb5+(Fe3+2Mg)O7(OH)","ZnSb^5+^(Fe^3+^_2_Mg)O_7_(OH)","Zn^2+^Sb^5+^(Fe^3+^_2_Mg)O_7_(OH)","Zn Sb Fe Mg O H","IMA2000-036"," ",3852,"Nolanite","hexagonal","P63mc","Zn^2+ Sb^5+ Fe^3+ Mg O H","Rnm","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Rinneite","Rinneite","K3NaFe2+Cl6","K3NaFe2+Cl6","K_3_NaFe^2+^Cl_6_","K_3_NaFe^2+^Cl_6_","K Na Fe Cl"," "," ",3853,"Rinneite","hexagonal","R3c","K Na Fe^2+ Cl","Rne","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Riomarinaite","Riomarinaite","Bi3+S6+O4(OH)·H2O","Bi(SO4)(OH)·H2O","Bi(SO_4_)(OH)·H_2_O","Bi^3+^S^6+^O_4_(OH)·H_2_O","Bi S O H","IMA2000-004"," ",5329," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Bi^3+ S^6+ O H","Rmr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ríosecoite","Riosecoite","Ca2Mg(As5+O3OH)3(H2O)2","Ca2Mg(AsO3OH)3(H2O)2","Ca_2_Mg(AsO_3_OH)_3_(H_2_O)_2_","Ca_2_Mg(As^5+^O_3_OH)_3_(H_2_O)_2_","Ca Mg As O H","IMA2018-023"," ",6768,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg As^5+ O H","Rse","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Riotintoite","Riotintoite","Al(S6+O4)(OH)·3H2O","Al(SO4)(OH)·3H2O","Al(SO_4_)(OH)·3H_2_O","Al(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·3H_2_O","Al S O H","IMA2015-085"," ",6485,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Al S^6+ O H","Rio","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rippite","Rippite","K2(Nb5+,Ti4+)2(Si4O12)O(O,F)","K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)O(O,F)","K_2_(Nb,Ti)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)O(O,F)","K_2_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)O(O,F)","K Nb Ti Si O F","IMA2016-025"," ",6553,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","P4bm","K Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O F","Rip","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Rittmannite","Rittmannite","(Mn2+,Ca)Mn2+(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","(Mn2+,Ca)Mn2+(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","(Mn^2+^,Ca)Mn^2+^(Fe^2+^,Mn^2+^,Mg)_2_(Al,Fe^3+^)_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","(Mn^2+^,Ca)Mn^2+^(Fe^2+^,Mn^2+^,Mg)_2_(Al,Fe^3+^)_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Ca Fe Mg Al P O H","IMA1987-048"," ",3854,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Mn^2+ Ca Fe^2+ Mg Al Fe^3+ P O H","Rit","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Rivadavite","Rivadavite","Na6Mg[B6O7(OH)6]4·10H2O","Na6Mg[B6O7(OH)6]4·10H2O","Na_6_Mg[B_6_O_7_(OH)_6_]_4_·10H_2_O","Na_6_Mg[B_6_O_7_(OH)_6_]_4_·10H_2_O","Na Mg B O H","IMA1966-010"," ",3855," ","monoclinic","P21/m, P21/c","Na Mg B O H","Riv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Riversideite","Riversideite","Ca5Si6O16(OH)2·2H2O","Ca5Si6O16(OH)2·2H2O","Ca_5_Si_6_O_16_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_5_Si_6_O_16_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Si O H","IMA2014 s.p."," ",3856,"Tobermorite",,,"Ca Si O H","Rsd","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Roaldite","Roaldite","(Fe,Ni)4N","(Fe,Ni)4N","(Fe,Ni)_4_N","(Fe,Ni)_4_N","Fe Ni N","IMA1980-079"," ",3857," ","cubic","P43m","Fe Ni N","Roa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Robertsite","Robertsite","Ca2Mn3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O","Ca2Mn3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O","Ca_2_Mn^3+^_3_O_2_(PO_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^3+^_3_O_2_(PO_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Ca Mn O P H","IMA1973-024"," ",3858,"Arseniosiderite","monoclinic","A2/a, Aa","Ca Mn^3+ O P H","Rbt","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Robinsonite","Robinsonite","Pb2+4Sb3+6S2-13","Pb4Sb6S13","Pb_4_Sb_6_S_13_","Pb^2+^_4_Sb^3+^_6_S^2-^_13_","Pb Sb S"," "," ",3859," ","monoclinic","I2/m","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Rob","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rockbridgeite","Rockbridgeite","(Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5","(Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5","(Fe^2+^_0.5_Fe^3+^_0.5_)_2_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_5_","(Fe^2+^_0.5_Fe^3+^_0.5_)_2_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_5_","Fe P O H"," "," ",3860,"Rockbridgeite","orthorhombic","Bbmm","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Rkb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rodalquilarite","Rodalquilarite","H3Fe3+2(Te4+O3)4Cl","H3Fe3+2(Te4+O3)4Cl","H_3_Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_4_Cl","H_3_Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_4_Cl","H Fe Te O Cl","IMA1967-040"," ",3861," ","triclinic","P1","H Fe^3+ Te^4+ O Cl","Raq","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rodolicoite","Rodolicoite","Fe3+PO4","Fe3+(PO4)","Fe^3+^(PO_4_)","Fe^3+^PO_4_","Fe P O","IMA1995-038"," ",3862,"Quartz","hexagonal","P3121","Fe^3+ P O","Rdl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Roeblingite","Roeblingite","Pb2+2Ca6Mn2+(Si3O9)2(S6+O4)2(OH)2·4H2O","Ca6Mn2+Pb2(Si3O9)2(SO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","Ca_6_Mn^2+^Pb_2_(Si_3_O_9_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_Ca_6_Mn^2+^(Si_3_O_9_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Mn Pb Si O S H"," "," ",3863," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Ca Mn^2+ Si O S^6+ H","Roe","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Roedderite","Roedderite","KNaMg2(Mg3Si12)O30","KNaMg2(Mg3Si12)O30","KNaMg_2_(Mg_3_Si_12_)O_30_","KNaMg_2_(Mg_3_Si_12_)O_30_","K Na Mg Si O","IMA1965-023"," ",3864,"Milarite","hexagonal","P62c, P6/mcc","K Na Mg Si O","Rdr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Rogermitchellite","Rogermitchellite","Na6Sr12Ba2Zr4+13Si39B6O123(OH)14·10H2O","Na6Sr12Ba2Zr13Si39B6O123(OH)14·10H2O","Na_6_Sr_12_Ba_2_Zr_13_Si_39_B_6_O_123_(OH)_14_·10H_2_O","Na_6_Sr_12_Ba_2_Zr^4+^_13_Si_39_B_6_O_123_(OH)_14_·10H_2_O","Na Sr Ba Zr Si B O H","IMA2003-019"," ",5603," ","hexagonal","P3c1","Na Sr Ba Zr^4+ Si B O H","Rmt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Roggianite","Roggianite","Ca2BeAl2Si4O13(OH)2·nH2O (n < 2.5)","Ca2BeAl2Si4O13(OH)2·nH2O (n < 2.5)","Ca_2_BeAl_2_Si_4_O_13_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (n < 2.5)","Ca_2_BeAl_2_Si_4_O_13_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (n < 2.5)","Ca Be Al Si O H","IMA1968-015"," ",3865," ","tetragonal","I4/mcm","Ca Be Al Si O H","Rog","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Rohaite","Rohaite","(Tl,Pb,K)2Cu8.7Sb2S4","(Tl,Pb,K)2Cu8.7Sb2S4","(Tl,Pb,K)_2_Cu_8.7_Sb_2_S_4_","(Tl,Pb,K)_2_Cu_8.7_Sb_2_S_4_","Tl Pb K Cu Sb S","IMA1973-043"," ",3866," ","tetragonal, orthorhombic",,"Tl Pb K Cu Sb S","Roh","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rokühnite","Rokuhnite","Fe2+Cl2·2H2O","FeCl2·2H2O","FeCl_2_·2H_2_O","Fe^2+^Cl_2_·2H_2_O","Fe Cl H O","IMA1979-036"," ",3867," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^2+ Cl H O","Rok","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rollandite","Rollandite","Cu2+3(As5+O4)2·4H2O","Cu3(AsO4)2·4H2O","Cu_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Cu As O H","IMA1998-001"," ",3868," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Rol","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Romanèchite","Romanechite","(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10","(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10","(Ba,H_2_O)_2_(Mn^4+^,Mn^3+^)_5_O_10_","(Ba,H_2_O)_2_(Mn^4+^,Mn^3+^)_5_O_10_","Ba H O Mn","IMA1982 s.p."," ",3869," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ba H O Mn^4+ Mn^3+","Rmn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Romanorlovite","Romanorlovite","K11Cu2+9Cl25(OH)4·2H2O","K11Cu9Cl25(OH)4·2H2O","K_11_Cu_9_Cl_25_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","K_11_Cu^2+^_9_Cl_25_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","K Cu Cl O H","IMA2014-011"," ",6304," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","K Cu^2+ Cl O H","Ror","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Romarchite","Romarchite","Sn2+O","SnO","SnO","Sn^2+^O","Sn O","IMA1969-006"," ",3870,"Litharge","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Sn^2+ O","Rom","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Römerite","Romerite","Fe2+Fe3+2(S6+O4)4·14H2O","Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4·14H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(SO_4_)_4_·14H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·14H_2_O","Fe S O H"," "," ",3872,"Römerite","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Röm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rondorfite","Rondorfite","Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2","Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2","Ca_8_Mg(SiO_4_)_4_Cl_2_","Ca_8_Mg(SiO_4_)_4_Cl_2_","Ca Mg Si O Cl","IMA1997-013"," ",5160," ","triclinic, cubic","P1, Fd3","Ca Mg Si O Cl","Ron","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Rongibbsite","Rongibbsite","Pb2+2(AlSi4)O11(OH)","Pb2(Si4Al)O11(OH)","Pb_2_(Si_4_Al)O_11_(OH)","Pb^2+^_2_(AlSi_4_)O_11_(OH)","Pb Si Al O H","IMA2010-055"," ",5858,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m, I2/m","Pb^2+ Al Si O H","Rgb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ronneburgite","Ronneburgite","K2Mn2+V5+4O12","K2MnV4O12","K_2_MnV_4_O_12_","K_2_Mn^2+^V^5+^_4_O_12_","K Mn V O","IMA1998-069"," ",3873," ","monoclinic","P21/n","K Mn^2+ V^5+ O","Rbu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ronpetersonite","Ronpetersonite","BaW6+O4","BaWO4","BaWO_4_","BaW^6+^O_4_","Ba W O","IMA2023-036"," ",7390,"Scheelite","tetragonal","I41/a","Ba W^6+ O","Rpt",,"No" +"Röntgenite-(Ce)","Rontgenite-(Ce)","Ca2Ce3+3(CO3)5F3","Ca2Ce3(CO3)5F3","Ca_2_Ce_3_(CO_3_)_5_F_3_","Ca_2_Ce^3+^_3_(CO_3_)_5_F_3_","Ca Ce C O F","IMA1987 s.p."," ",3874," ","hexagonal","R3","Ca Ce^3+ C O F","Rng-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rooseveltite","Rooseveltite","Bi3+As5+O4","Bi(AsO4)","Bi(AsO_4_)","Bi^3+^As^5+^O_4_","Bi As O"," "," ",3875,"Monazite","monoclinic","P21/n","Bi^3+ As^5+ O","Roo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Roquesite","Roquesite","Cu1+In3+S2-2","CuInS2","CuInS_2_","Cu^1+^In^3+^S^2-^_2_","Cu In S","IMA1962-001"," ",3876,"Chalcopyrite","tetragonal","I42d","Cu^1+ In^3+ S^2-","Ro","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rorisite","Rorisite","CaClF","CaClF","CaClF","CaClF","Ca Cl F","IMA1989-015"," ",3877,"Matlockite","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Ca Cl F","Rrs","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Rosasite","Rosasite","Cu2+Zn2+CO3(OH)2","CuZn(CO3)(OH)2","CuZn(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^Zn^2+^CO_3_(OH)_2_","Cu Zn C O H"," "," ",3878,"Malachite","monoclinic","P21/a","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ C O H","Rss","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Roscherite","Roscherite","Ca2Mn2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca2Mn2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_5_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_5_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca Mn Be P O H"," "," ",3879,"Roscherite","triclinic","C1","Ca Mn^2+ Be P O H","Rsc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Roscoelite","Roscoelite","KV3+2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","KV3+2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","KV^3+^_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","KV^3+^_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","K V Si Al O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",3880,"Mica",,,"K V^3+ Si Al O H","Rcl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Roselite","Roselite","Ca2Co2+(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Ca2Co(AsO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Co(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Co^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Co As O H"," "," ",3881,"Roselite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Co^2+ As^5+ O H","Rsl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rosemaryite","Rosemaryite","☐NaMn2+(Fe3+Al)(PO4)3","☐NaMn2+(Fe3+Al)(PO4)3","[box]NaMn^2+^(Fe^3+^Al)(PO_4_)_3_","[box]NaMn^2+^(Fe^3+^Al)(PO_4_)_3_","Na Mn Fe Al P O","IMA1979 s.p."," ",3883,"Alluaudite-Wyllieite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Al P O","Rmy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Rosenbergite","Rosenbergite","AlF[F0.5(H2O)0.5]4·H2O","AlF[F0.5(H2O)0.5]4·H2O","AlF[F_0.5_(H_2_O)_0.5_]_4_·H_2_O","AlF[F_0.5_(H_2_O)_0.5_]_4_·H_2_O","Al F H O","IMA1992-046"," ",3884,"Rosenbergite","tetragonal","P4/n","Al F H O","Ros","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Rosenbuschite","Rosenbuschite","Ca6Zr4+2Na6Zr4+Ti4+(Si2O7)4(OF)2F4","Ca6Zr2Na6ZrTi(Si2O7)4(OF)2F4","Ca_6_Zr_2_Na_6_ZrTi(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(OF)_2_F_4_","Ca_6_Zr^4+^_2_Na_6_Zr^4+^Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(OF)_2_F_4_","Ca Zr Na Ti Si O F","IMA2016 s.p."," ",3885,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","triclinic","P1","Ca Zr^4+ Na Ti^4+ Si O F","Rbs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rosenhahnite","Rosenhahnite","Ca3Si3O8(OH)2","Ca3Si3O8(OH)2","Ca_3_Si_3_O_8_(OH)_2_","Ca_3_Si_3_O_8_(OH)_2_","Ca Si O H","IMA1965-030"," ",3886," ","triclinic","P1","Ca Si O H","Rhh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Roshchinite","Roshchinite","(Ag1+,Cu1+)19Pb2+10Sb3+51S2-96","(Ag,Cu)19Pb10Sb51S96","(Ag,Cu)_19_Pb_10_Sb_51_S_96_","(Ag^1+^,Cu^1+^)_19_Pb^2+^_10_Sb^3+^_51_S^2-^_96_","Ag Cu Pb Sb S","IMA1989-006"," ",3887,"Lillianite","orthorhombic","Pmna","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Rch","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rosiaite","Rosiaite","Pb2+Sb5+2O6","PbSb2O6","PbSb_2_O_6_","Pb^2+^Sb^5+^_2_O_6_","Pb Sb O","IMA1995-021"," ",3888,"Kassite","hexagonal","P31m","Pb^2+ Sb^5+ O","Rsi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rosickýite","Rosickyite","S","S","S","S","S"," "," ",3889," ","monoclinic","P2/c, P21/n, P2/n","S","Rký","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","Yes" +"Rosièresite","Rosieresite","PbxCuyAlz(PO4)m·nH2O","[Pb,Cu,Al,PO4,H2O] (?)","[Pb,Cu,Al,PO_4_,H_2_O] (?)","Pb_x_Cu_y_Al_z_(PO_4_)_m_·nH_2_O","Pb Cu Al P O H"," "," ",3890," ",,,"Pb Cu Al P O H","Rsr","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Rossiantonite","Rossiantonite","Al3(PO4)(S6+O4)2(OH)2·14H2O","Al3(PO4)(SO4)2(OH)2(H2O)10·4H2O","Al_3_(PO_4_)(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_10_·4H_2_O","Al_3_(PO_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·14H_2_O","Al P O S H","IMA2012-056"," ",6112,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Al P O S^6+ H","Ran","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rossite","Rossite","Ca(V5+O3)2·4H2O","Ca(VO3)2·4H2O","Ca(VO_3_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca(V^5+^O_3_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca V O H"," "," ",3891," ","triclinic","P1","Ca V^5+ O H","Rs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Rösslerite","Rosslerite","Mg(As5+O3OH)·7H2O","Mg(AsO3OH)·7H2O","Mg(AsO_3_OH)·7H_2_O","Mg(As^5+^O_3_OH)·7H_2_O","Mg As O H"," "," ",3892," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Mg As^5+ O H","Rö","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Rossmanite","Rossmanite","☐(LiAl2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH","☐(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","[box](Al_2_Li)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","[box](LiAl_2_)Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_OH","Al Li Si O B H","IMA1996-018"," ",3893,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Li Al Si O B H","Rsm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Rossovskyite","Rossovskyite","Fe3+Nb5+O4","Fe3+NbO4","Fe^3+^NbO_4_","Fe^3+^Nb^5+^O_4_","Fe Nb O","IMA2014-056, IMA2022 s.p."," ",6353,"Columbite","monoclinic","P2/c","Fe^3+ Nb^5+ O","Rvy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Rostite","Rostite","AlS6+O4(OH)·5H2O","Al(SO4)(OH)·5H2O","Al(SO_4_)(OH)·5H_2_O","AlS^6+^O_4_(OH)·5H_2_O","Al S O H","IMA1988 s.p."," ",3894,"Khademite","orthorhombic","Pcab","Al S^6+ O H","Rst","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Rotemite","Rotemite","Ca4Cr3+2(OH)12Cl2·4H2O","Ca4Cr2(OH)12Cl2·4H2O","Ca_4_Cr_2_(OH)_12_Cl_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_4_Cr^3+^_2_(OH)_12_Cl_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Cr O H Cl","IMA2024-058"," ",7511,"Hydrotalcite, Clay","hexagonal","R3c","Ca Cr^3+ O H Cl","Rot",,"No" +"Roterbärite","Roterbarite","Cu1+Pd2+Bi3+Se2-3","PdCuBiSe3","PdCuBiSe_3_","Cu^1+^Pd^2+^Bi^3+^Se^2-^_3_","Pd Cu Bi Se","IMA2019-043"," ",6930,"Lapieite","orthorhombic","P212121","Cu^1+ Pd^2+ Bi^3+ Se^2-","Rbä","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rotherkopfite","Rotherkopfite","KNa2(Fe2+2.5Ti4+1.5)Fe2+(Si4O12)2","KNa2(Fe2+2.5Ti1.5)Fe2+(Si4O12)2","KNa_2_(Fe^2+^_2.5_Ti_1.5_)Fe^2+^(Si_4_O_12_)_2_","KNa_2_(Fe^2+^_2.5_Ti^4+^_1.5_)Fe^2+^(Si_4_O_12_)_2_","K Na Fe Ti Si O","IMA2023-032a"," ",7419,"Neptunite","monoclinic","C2/c","K Na Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O","Rkp",,"No" +"Rouaite","Rouaite","Cu2+2N5+O3(OH)3","Cu2(NO3)(OH)3","Cu_2_(NO_3_)(OH)_3_","Cu^2+^_2_N^5+^O_3_(OH)_3_","Cu N O H","IMA1999-010"," ",3895," ","monoclinic","P21","Cu^2+ N^5+ O H","Rou","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Roubaultite","Roubaultite","Cu2+2O2(U6+O2)3(CO3)2(OH)2·4H2O","Cu2O2(UO2)3(CO3)2(OH)2·4H2O","Cu_2_O_2_(UO_2_)_3_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_O_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Cu O U C H","IMA1970-030"," ",3896," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ O U^6+ C H","Rbl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Roumaite","Roumaite","(Nb5+,Ti4+)(Ca,Na,☐)3(Ca,REE)4(Si2O7)2(OH)F3","(Nb,Ti)(Ca,Na,☐)3(Ca,REE)4(Si2O7)2(OH)F3","(Nb,Ti)(Ca,Na,[box])_3_(Ca,REE)_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)F_3_","(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)(Ca,Na,[box])_3_(Ca,REE)_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)F_3_","Nb Ti Ca Na REE Si O H F","IMA2008-024"," ",5683," ","monoclinic","Cc","Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Ca Na REE Si O H F","Rma","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rouseite","Rouseite","Pb2+2Mn2+(As3+O3)2·2H2O","Pb2Mn2+(AsO3)2·2H2O","Pb_2_Mn^2+^(AsO_3_)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_Mn^2+^(As^3+^O_3_)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb Mn As O H","IMA1984-071"," ",3897," ","triclinic",,"Pb^2+ Mn^2+ As^3+ O H","Rus","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Routhierite","Routhierite","Tl1+Cu1+Hg2+2As3+2S2-6","TlCuHg2As2S6","TlCuHg_2_As_2_S_6_","Tl^1+^Cu^1+^Hg^2+^_2_As^3+^_2_S^2-^_6_","Tl Cu Hg As S","IMA1973-030"," ",3898,"Routhierite","tetragonal","I42m","Tl^1+ Cu^1+ Hg^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Rtr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rouvilleite","Rouvilleite","Na3Ca2(CO3)3F","Na3Ca2(CO3)3F","Na_3_Ca_2_(CO_3_)_3_F","Na_3_Ca_2_(CO_3_)_3_F","Na Ca C O F","IMA1989-050, IMA2022 s.p."," ",3899," ","monoclinic","Cc","Na Ca C O F","Rvl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Rouxelite","Rouxelite","Cu1+2Hg2+Pb2+22Sb3+28S2-64(O,S2-)2","Cu2HgPb22Sb28S64(O,S)2","Cu_2_HgPb_22_Sb_28_S_64_(O,S)_2_","Cu^1+^_2_Hg^2+^Pb^2+^_22_Sb^3+^_28_S^2-^_64_(O,S^2-^)_2_","Cu Hg Pb Sb S O","IMA2002-062"," ",5211," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2- O","Rxl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Roweite","Roweite","Ca2Mn2+2B4O7(OH)6","Ca2Mn2+2B4O7(OH)6","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_2_B_4_O_7_(OH)_6_","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_2_B_4_O_7_(OH)_6_","Ca Mn B O H"," "," ",3900," ","orthorhombic","Pbam","Ca Mn^2+ B O H","Rwe","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Rowlandite-(Y)","Rowlandite-(Y)","Fe2+Y4(Si2O7)2F2","Fe2+Y4(Si2O7)2F2","Fe^2+^Y_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_F_2_","Fe^2+^Y_4_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_F_2_","Fe Y Si O F","IMA1987 s.p."," ",5129,"Rowlandite",,,"Fe^2+ Y Si O F","Row-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Rowleyite","Rowleyite","[Na(N3-H4,K)9Cl4][(V5+,V4+)2(P,As5+)O8]6·n[H2O,Na,N3-H4,K,Cl]","[Na(NH4,K)9Cl4][V5+,4+2(P,As)O8]6·n[H2O,Na,NH4,K,Cl]","[Na(NH_4_,K)_9_Cl_4_][V^5+,4+^_2_(P,As)O_8_]_6_·n[H_2_O,Na,NH_4_,K,Cl]","[Na(N^3-^H_4_,K)_9_Cl_4_][(V^5+^,V^4+^)_2_(P,As^5+^)O_8_]_6_·n[H_2_O,Na,N^3-^H_4_,K,Cl]","Na N H K Cl V P As O","IMA2016-037"," ",6565,"Not in a structural group","cubic","Fd3m","Na N^3- H K Cl V^5+ V^4+ P As^5+ O","Rwl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Roxbyite","Roxbyite","Cu1.78S","Cu9S5","Cu_9_S_5_","Cu_1.78_S","Cu S","IMA1986-010"," ",3901," ","monoclinic, triclinic","P2/m, P1","Cu S","Rox","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Roymillerite","Roymillerite","Pb2+24Mg9(Si10O28)(CO3)10(BO3)(SiO4)(OH)13O5","Pb24Mg9(Si10O28)(CO3)10(BO3)(SiO4)(OH)13O5","Pb_24_Mg_9_(Si_10_O_28_)(CO_3_)_10_(BO_3_)(SiO_4_)(OH)_13_O_5_","Pb^2+^_24_Mg_9_(Si_10_O_28_)(CO_3_)_10_(BO_3_)(SiO_4_)(OH)_13_O_5_","Pb Mg Si O C B H","IMA2016-061"," ",6588,"Molybdophyllite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Mg Si O C B H","Roy","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Rozenite","Rozenite","Fe2+S6+O4·4H2O","Fe2+(SO4)·4H2O","Fe^2+^(SO_4_)·4H_2_O","Fe^2+^S^6+^O_4_·4H_2_O","Fe S O H","IMA1962-006, IMA1963 s.p."," ",3902,"Starkeyite","monoclinic","P21/n","Fe^2+ S^6+ O H","Rzn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Rozhdestvenskayaite-(Zn)","Rozhdestvenskayaite-(Zn)","Ag1+6(Ag1+4Zn2+2)Sb3+4S2-13","Ag6(Ag4Zn2)Sb4S13","Ag_6_(Ag_4_Zn_2_)Sb_4_S_13_","Ag^1+^_6_(Ag^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Ag Zn Sb S","IMA2016-094, IMA2019 s.p."," ",6619,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag^1+ Zn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Roz-Zn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rruffite","Rruffite","Ca2Cu2+(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Ca2Cu(AsO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Cu(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Cu^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Cu As O H","IMA2009-077"," ",5800,"Roselite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Ruf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ruarsite","Ruarsite","Ru3+(AsS)3-","RuAsS","RuAsS","Ru^3+^(AsS)^3-^","Ru As S","IMA1980 s.p."," ",3903," ","monoclinic",,"Ru^3+ As S","Rua","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Rubicline","Rubicline","RbAlSi3O8","Rb(AlSi3O8)","Rb(AlSi_3_O_8_)","RbAlSi_3_O_8_","Rb Al Si O","IMA1996-058"," ",3904,"Feldspar","monoclinic","C2/m","Rb Al Si O","Rub","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Rubinite","Rubinite","Ca3Ti3+2Si3O12","Ca3Ti3+2Si3O12","Ca_3_Ti^3+^_2_Si_3_O_12_","Ca_3_Ti^3+^_2_Si_3_O_12_","Ca Ti Si O","IMA2016-110"," ",6637,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d, Ia3d","Ca Ti^3+ Si O","Rbi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Rucklidgeite","Rucklidgeite","Pb2+Bi3+2Te2-4","PbBi2Te4","PbBi_2_Te_4_","Pb^2+^Bi^3+^_2_Te^2-^_4_","Pb Bi Te","IMA1975-029"," ",3905,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Te^2-","Ruk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rudabányaite","Rudabanyaite","(Ag1+2Hg1+2)(As5+O4)Cl","(Ag2Hg2)(AsO4)Cl","(Ag_2_Hg_2_)(AsO_4_)Cl","(Ag^1+^_2_Hg^1+^_2_)(As^5+^O_4_)Cl","Ag Hg As O Cl","IMA2016-088"," ",6614,"Not in a structural group","cubic","F43c","Ag^1+ Hg^1+ As^5+ O Cl","Rdb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rudashevskyite","Rudashevskyite","(Fe2+,Zn2+)S2-","(Fe,Zn)S","(Fe,Zn)S","(Fe^2+^,Zn^2+^)S^2-^","Fe Zn S","IMA2005-017"," ",5560,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","Fe^2+ Zn^2+ S^2-","Rud","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Rudenkoite","Rudenkoite","Sr3Al3.5Si3.5O10(OH,O)8Cl2·H2O","Sr3Al3.5Si3.5O10(OH,O)8Cl2·H2O","Sr_3_Al_3.5_Si_3.5_O_10_(OH,O)_8_Cl_2_·H_2_O","Sr_3_Al_3.5_Si_3.5_O_10_(OH,O)_8_Cl_2_·H_2_O","Sr Al Si O H Cl","IMA2003-060"," ",5258," ","monoclinic",,"Sr Al Si O H Cl","Rd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Rüdlingerite","Rudlingerite","Mn2+2V5+As5+O7·2H2O","Mn2+2V5+As5+O7·2H2O","Mn^2+^_2_V^5+^As^5+^O_7_·2H_2_O","Mn^2+^_2_V^5+^As^5+^O_7_·2H_2_O","Mn V As O H","IMA2016-054a"," ",6693,"Fianelite","monoclinic","P21/n","Mn^2+ V^5+ As^5+ O H","Rdg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rudolfhermannite","Rudolfhermannite","Fe3+2(Te4+O3)3·H2O","Fe3+2(Te4+O3)3·H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·H_2_O","Fe Te O H","IMA2021-099"," ",7203," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Fe^3+ Te^4+ O H","Rhr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ruifrancoite","Ruifrancoite","Ca2(☐,Mn2+)2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)4Be4(PO4)6(OH)6·4H2O","Ca2(☐,Mn)2(Fe3+,Mn,Mg)4Be4(PO4)6(OH)6·4H2O","Ca_2_([box],Mn)_2_(Fe^3+^,Mn,Mg)_4_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Ca_2_([box],Mn^2+^)_2_(Fe^3+^,Mn^2+^,Mg)_4_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","Ca Mn Fe Mg Be P O H","IMA2005-061a"," ",5330,"Roscherite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Mg Be P O H","Rui","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Ruitenbergite","Ruitenbergite","Ca9B26O34(OH)24Cl4·13H2O","Ca9B26O34(OH)24Cl4·13H2O","Ca_9_B_26_O_34_(OH)_24_Cl_4_·13H_2_O","Ca_9_B_26_O_34_(OH)_24_Cl_4_·13H_2_O","Ca B O H Cl","IMA1992-011"," ",3906," ","monoclinic","P21","Ca B O H Cl","Rtb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Ruizhongite","Ruizhongite","(Ag1+2☐)Pb2+3Ge2S8","(Ag2☐)Pb3Ge2S8","(Ag_2_[box])Pb_3_Ge_2_S_8_","(Ag^1+^_2_[box])Pb^2+^_3_Ge_2_S_8_","Ag Pb Ge S","IMA2022-066"," ",7288,"Not in a structural group","cubic","I43d","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Ge S","Rzh",,"No" +"Ruizite","Ruizite","Ca2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O","Ca2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O","Ca_2_Mn^3+^_2_Si_4_O_11_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^3+^_2_Si_4_O_11_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Ca Mn Si O H","IMA1977-007"," ",3907,"Ruizite","monoclinic","P21/c, A2, C2/m, C2","Ca Mn^3+ Si O H","Rz","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Rumoiite","Rumoiite","AuSn2","AuSn2","AuSn_2_","AuSn_2_","Au Sn","IMA2018-161"," ",6886," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Au Sn","Rmo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Rumseyite","Rumseyite","Pb2+2OFCl","[Pb2OF]Cl","[Pb_2_OF]Cl","Pb^2+^_2_OFCl","Pb O F Cl","IMA2011-091"," ",6041," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Pb^2+ O F Cl","Rum","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rundqvistite-(Ce)","Rundqvistite-(Ce)","Na3(Sr3Ce3+)[Zn2+2Si8O24]","Na3(Sr3Ce)[Zn2Si8O24]","Na_3_(Sr_3_Ce)[Zn_2_Si_8_O_24_]","Na_3_(Sr_3_Ce^3+^)[Zn^2+^_2_Si_8_O_24_]","Na Sr Ce Zn Si O","IMA2023-043"," ",7448,"Vladykinite","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Sr Ce^3+ Zn^2+ Si O","Run-Ce",,"No" +"Rusakovite","Rusakovite","(Fe3+,Al)5(V5+O4)2(OH)9·3H2O","(Fe,Al)5(VO4)2(OH)9·3H2O","(Fe,Al)_5_(VO_4_)_2_(OH)_9_·3H_2_O","(Fe^3+^,Al)_5_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_9_·3H_2_O","Fe Al V O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3908," ",,,"Fe^3+ Al V^5+ O H","Rko","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rusinovite","Rusinovite","Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2","Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2","Ca_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_3_Cl_2_","Ca_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_3_Cl_2_","Ca Si O Cl","IMA2010-072"," ",5911,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Ca Si O Cl","Rnv","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Russellite","Russellite","Bi3+2W6+O6","Bi2WO6","Bi_2_WO_6_","Bi^3+^_2_W^6+^O_6_","Bi W O"," "," ",3909," ","orthorhombic, tetragonal","Pca21, I41/amd","Bi^3+ W^6+ O","Rll","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Russoite","Russoite","(N3-H4)ClAs3+2O3(H2O)0.5","(NH4)ClAs2O3(H2O)0.5","(NH_4_)ClAs_2_O_3_(H_2_O)_0.5_","(N^3-^H_4_)ClAs^3+^_2_O_3_(H_2_O)_0.5_","N H Cl As O","IMA2015-105"," ",6505," ","hexagonal","P622","N^3- H Cl As^3+ O","Rso","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Rustenburgite","Rustenburgite","Pt3Sn","Pt3Sn","Pt_3_Sn","Pt_3_Sn","Pt Sn","IMA1974-040"," ",3910,"Perovskite, Auricupride","cubic","Fm3m","Pt Sn","Rsb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Rustumite","Rustumite","Ca10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl2","Ca10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl2","Ca_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_Cl_2_","Ca_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_Cl_2_","Ca Si O H Cl","IMA1964-004"," ",3911," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Si O H Cl","Rtm","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Ruthenarsenite","Ruthenarsenite","(Ru,Ni)As","(Ru,Ni)As","(Ru,Ni)As","(Ru,Ni)As","Ru Ni As","IMA1973-020"," ",3912,"Modderite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ru Ni As","Ras","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Rutheniridosmine","Rutheniridosmine","(Ir,Os,Ru)","(Ir,Os,Ru)","(Ir,Os,Ru)","(Ir,Os,Ru)","Ir Os Ru","IMA1973 s.p."," ",3913," ",,,"Ir Os Ru","Rir","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Ruthenium","Ruthenium","Ru","Ru","Ru","Ru","Ru","IMA1974-013"," ",3914," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ru","Ru","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","Yes" +"Rutherfordine","Rutherfordine","(U6+O2)CO3","(UO2)(CO3)","(UO_2_)(CO_3_)","(U^6+^O_2_)CO_3_","U O C","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3915," ","orthorhombic","Imm2","U^6+ O C","Rfd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Rutile","Rutile","Ti4+O2","TiO2","TiO_2_","Ti^4+^O_2_","Ti O"," "," ",3916,"Rutile","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Ti^4+ O","Rt","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Ryabchikovite","Ryabchikovite","Cu2+MgSi2O6","CuMgSi2O6","CuMgSi_2_O_6_","Cu^2+^MgSi_2_O_6_","Cu Mg Si O","IMA2021-011"," ",7125,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Mg Si O","Ryb","Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Rynersonite","Rynersonite","CaTa5+2O6","CaTa2O6","CaTa_2_O_6_","CaTa^5+^_2_O_6_","Ca Ta O","IMA1974-058"," ",3917,"Aeschynite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca Ta^5+ O","Rys","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Saamite","Saamite","Ba☐Ti4+Nb5+Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)2","Ba☐TiNbNa3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)2","Ba[box]TiNbNa_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Ba[box]Ti^4+^Nb^5+^Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_","Ba Ti Nb Na Si O H","IMA2013-083"," ",6242,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","triclinic","P1","Ba Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Na Si O H","Saa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Sabatierite","Sabatierite","Cu6TlSe4","Cu6TlSe4","Cu_6_TlSe_4_","Cu_6_TlSe_4_","Cu Tl Se","IMA1976-043"," ",3918," ","orthorhombic, tetragonal","I4/mmm","Cu Tl Se","Sab","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sabelliite","Sabelliite","Cu2+2Zn2+As5+O4(OH)3","Cu2Zn(AsO4)(OH)3","Cu_2_Zn(AsO_4_)(OH)_3_","Cu^2+^_2_Zn^2+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)_3_","Cu Zn As O H","IMA1994-013"," ",3919," ","hexagonal","P3","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Sbl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sabieite","Sabieite","N3-H4Fe3+(S6+O4)2","(NH4)Fe3+(SO4)2","(NH_4_)Fe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_","N^3-^H_4_Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","N H Fe S O","IMA1982-088"," ",3920,"Sabieite","hexagonal","P321","N^3- H Fe^3+ S^6+ O","Sbi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sabinaite","Sabinaite","Na4Ti4+Zr4+2O4(CO3)4","Na4TiZr2O4(CO3)4","Na_4_TiZr_2_O_4_(CO_3_)_4_","Na_4_Ti^4+^Zr^4+^_2_O_4_(CO_3_)_4_","Na Ti Zr O C","IMA1978-071"," ",3921," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ti^4+ Zr^4+ O C","Sba","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Sabugalite","Sabugalite","HAl(U6+O2)4(PO4)4·16H2O","HAl(UO2)4(PO4)4·16H2O","HAl(UO_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_4_·16H_2_O","HAl(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_4_·16H_2_O","H Al U O P"," "," ",3922," ","tetragonal",,"H Al U^6+ O P","Sbg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Saccoite","Saccoite","Ca2Mn3+2F(OH)8·0.5(S6+O4)","Ca2Mn3+2F(OH)8·0.5(SO4)","Ca_2_Mn^3+^_2_F(OH)_8_·0.5(SO_4_)","Ca_2_Mn^3+^_2_F(OH)_8_·0.5(S^6+^O_4_)","Ca Mn F O H S","IMA2019-056"," ",6944,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","P4/ncc","Ca Mn^3+ F O H S^6+","Sac","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sacrofanite","Sacrofanite","(Na61K19Ca32)(Si84Al84O336)(S6+O4)26Cl2F6·2H2O","(Na61K19Ca32)Σ=112(Si84Al84O336)(SO4)26Cl2F6·2H2O","(Na_61_K_19_Ca_32_)_Σ=112_(Si_84_Al_84_O_336_)(SO_4_)_26_Cl_2_F_6_·2H_2_O","(Na_61_K_19_Ca_32_)(Si_84_Al_84_O_336_)(S^6+^O_4_)_26_Cl_2_F_6_·2H_2_O","Na K Ca Si Al O S Cl F H","IMA1979-058"," ",3923,"Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal",,"Na K Ca Si Al O S^6+ Cl F H","Scf","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Sadanagaite","Sadanagaite","NaCa2(Mg3Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2","NaCa2(Mg3Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2","NaCa_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaCa_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_5_Al_3_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Al Si O H","IMA2002-051, IMA2012 s.p."," ",3924,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Al Si O H","Sdg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Saddlebackite","Saddlebackite","Pb2+2Bi3+2Te2-2S2-3","Pb2Bi2Te2S3","Pb_2_Bi_2_Te_2_S_3_","Pb^2+^_2_Bi^3+^_2_Te^2-^_2_S^2-^_3_","Pb Bi Te S","IMA1994-051"," ",3925,"Tetradymite","hexagonal",,"Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Te^2- S^2-","Sdd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Safflorite","Safflorite","Co3+(As2)3-","CoAs2","CoAs_2_","Co^3+^(As_2_)^3-^","Co As"," "," ",3926,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Co^3+ As","Saf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sahamalite-(Ce)","Sahamalite-(Ce)","Ce3+2Mg(CO3)4","Ce2Mg(CO3)4","Ce_2_Mg(CO_3_)_4_","Ce^3+^_2_Mg(CO_3_)_4_","Ce Mg C O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",3927," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ce^3+ Mg C O","Shm-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Sahlinite","Sahlinite","Pb2+14O9(As5+O4)2Cl4","Pb14O9(AsO4)2Cl4","Pb_14_O_9_(AsO_4_)_2_Cl_4_","Pb^2+^_14_O_9_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_Cl_4_","Pb O As Cl"," "," ",3928," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ O As^5+ Cl","Sah","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sailaufite","Sailaufite","(Ca,Na,☐)2Mn3+3O2(As5+O4)2CO3·3H2O","(Ca,Na,☐)2Mn3+3O2(AsO4)2(CO3)·3H2O","(Ca,Na,[box])_2_Mn^3+^_3_O_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","(Ca,Na,[box])_2_Mn^3+^_3_O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_CO_3_·3H_2_O","Ca Na Mn O As C H","IMA2000-005"," ",3929,"Arseniosiderite","monoclinic","Cm","Ca Na Mn^3+ O As^5+ C H","Slf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sainfeldite","Sainfeldite","Ca5(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·4H2O","Ca5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·4H2O","Ca_5_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca As O H","IMA1963-018"," ",3930,"Hureaulite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca As^5+ O H","Sai","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Sakhaite","Sakhaite","Ca48Mg16(BO3)32(CO3)16·2(H2O,HCl)","Ca48Mg16(BO3)32(CO3)16·2(H2O,HCl)","Ca_48_Mg_16_(BO_3_)_32_(CO_3_)_16_·2(H_2_O,HCl)","Ca_48_Mg_16_(BO_3_)_32_(CO_3_)_16_·2(H_2_O,HCl)","Ca Mg B O C H Cl","IMA1965-035, IMA2021 s.p."," ",3931,"Harkerite","cubic","F4132, Fd3m","Ca Mg B O C H Cl","Skh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Sakuraiite","Sakuraiite","(Cu1+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Fe2+)3(In3+,Sn4+)S2-4","(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4","(Cu,Zn,Fe)_3_(In,Sn)S_4_","(Cu^1+^,Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^,Fe^2+^)_3_(In^3+^,Sn^4+^)S^2-^_4_","Cu Zn Fe In Sn S","IMA1965-017"," ",3933,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal, cubic",,"Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Zn^2+ Fe^2+ In^3+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Sak","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Salammoniac","Salammoniac","N3-H4Cl","(NH4)Cl","(NH_4_)Cl","N^3-^H_4_Cl","N H Cl","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3934," ","cubic","Pm3m","N^3- H Cl","Sam","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Saléeite","Saleeite","Mg(U6+O2)2(PO4)2·10H2O","Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2(H2O)10","Mg(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_10_","Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Mg U O P H"," "," ",3935," ","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/n","Mg U^6+ O P H","Slé","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Salesite","Salesite","Cu2+(I5+O3)(OH)","Cu(IO3)(OH)","Cu(IO_3_)(OH)","Cu^2+^(I^5+^O_3_)(OH)","Cu I O H"," "," ",3936," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^2+ I^5+ O H","Sls","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Saliotite","Saliotite","(Li,Na)Al3(Si3Al)O10(OH)5","(Li,Na)Al3(Si3Al)O10(OH)5","(Li,Na)Al_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_5_","(Li,Na)Al_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_5_","Li Na Al Si O H","IMA1990-018"," ",3937,"Corrensite","monoclinic","C2/m","Li Na Al Si O H","Sal","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Saltonseaite","Saltonseaite","K3NaMn2+Cl6","K3NaMnCl6","K_3_NaMnCl_6_","K_3_NaMn^2+^Cl_6_","K Na Mn Cl","IMA2011-104"," ",6047,"Rinneite","hexagonal","R3c","K Na Mn^2+ Cl","Sts","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Salzburgite","Salzburgite","Cu1+1.6Pb2+1.6Bi3+6.4S2-12","Cu1.6Pb1.6Bi6.4S12","Cu_1.6_Pb_1.6_Bi_6.4_S_12_","Cu^1+^_1.6_Pb^2+^_1.6_Bi^3+^_6.4_S^2-^_12_","Cu Pb Bi S","IMA2000-044"," ",3938,"Meneghinite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Szb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Samaniite","Samaniite","Cu1+2Fe2+5Ni2+2S2-8","Cu2Fe5Ni2S8","Cu_2_Fe_5_Ni_2_S_8_","Cu^1+^_2_Fe^2+^_5_Ni^2+^_2_S^2-^_8_","Cu Fe Ni S","IMA2007-038"," ",5638," ","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Ni^2+ S^2-","Smn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Samarskite-(Y)","Samarskite-(Y)","YFe3+Nb5+2O8","YFe3+Nb2O8","YFe^3+^Nb_2_O_8_","YFe^3+^Nb^5+^_2_O_8_","Y Fe Nb O","IMA2019 s.p."," ",3939,"Columbite","monoclinic","P2/c","Y Fe^3+ Nb^5+ O","Smk-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Samarskite-(Yb)","Samarskite-(Yb)","YbNb5+O4","YbNbO4","YbNbO_4_","YbNb^5+^O_4_","Yb Nb O","IMA2004-001, IMA2022 s.p."," ",5264,"Columbite","monoclinic",,"Yb Nb^5+ O","Smk-Yb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Samfowlerite","Samfowlerite","Ca14Mn2+3Zn2+2Be2Be6Si14O52(OH)6","Ca14Mn2+3Zn2Be2Be6Si14O52(OH)6","Ca_14_Mn^2+^_3_Zn_2_Be_2_Be_6_Si_14_O_52_(OH)_6_","Ca_14_Mn^2+^_3_Zn^2+^_2_Be_2_Be_6_Si_14_O_52_(OH)_6_","Ca Mn Zn Be Si O H","IMA1991-045"," ",3940," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Mn^2+ Zn^2+ Be Si O H","Sfw","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Sampleite","Sampleite","NaCaCu2+5(PO4)4Cl·5H2O","NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl·5H2O","NaCaCu_5_(PO_4_)_4_Cl·5H_2_O","NaCaCu^2+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_Cl·5H_2_O","Na Ca Cu P O Cl H"," "," ",3941," ","monoclinic","P21/n, P21/c","Na Ca Cu^2+ P O Cl H","Smp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Samraite","Samraite","Ni2+2P2O7","Ni2P2O7","Ni_2_P_2_O_7_","Ni^2+^_2_P_2_O_7_","Ni P O","IMA2021-029"," ",7139," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ni^2+ P O","Samr","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Samsonite","Samsonite","Ag1+4Mn2+Sb3+2S2-6","Ag4MnSb2S6","Ag_4_MnSb_2_S_6_","Ag^1+^_4_Mn^2+^Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_6_","Ag Mn Sb S"," "," ",3942," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ Mn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ssn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Samuelsonite","Samuelsonite","Ca9Mn2+4Al2(PO4)10(OH)2","Ca9Mn2+4Al2(PO4)10(OH)2","Ca_9_Mn^2+^_4_Al_2_(PO_4_)_10_(OH)_2_","Ca_9_Mn^2+^_4_Al_2_(PO_4_)_10_(OH)_2_","Ca Mn Al P O H","IMA1974-026"," ",3943," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mn^2+ Al P O H","Sms","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Sanbornite","Sanbornite","BaSi2O5","BaSi2O5","BaSi_2_O_5_","BaSi_2_O_5_","Ba Si O"," "," ",3944," ","orthorhombic","Pcmn","Ba Si O","Sabn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Sanderite","Sanderite","MgS6+O4·2H2O","Mg(SO4)·2H2O","Mg(SO_4_)·2H_2_O","MgS^6+^O_4_·2H_2_O","Mg S O H"," "," ",3945,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","P212121","Mg S^6+ O H","Sdr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Saneroite","Saneroite","NaMn2+5[Si5O14(OH)](V5+O3)(OH)","NaMn2+5[Si5O14(OH)](VO3)(OH)","NaMn^2+^_5_[Si_5_O_14_(OH)](VO_3_)(OH)","NaMn^2+^_5_[Si_5_O_14_(OH)](V^5+^O_3_)(OH)","Na Mn Si O H V","IMA1979-060"," ",3946,"Saneroite","triclinic","P1","Na Mn^2+ Si O H V^5+","Snr","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sangenaroite","Sangenaroite","Ag8(Sb8-xAsx)S16 (0 < x < 2)","Ag8(Sb8-xAsx)S16 (0 < x < 2)","Ag_8_(Sb_8-x_As_x_)S_16_ (0 < x < 2)","Ag_8_(Sb_8-x_As_x_)S_16_ (0 < x < 2)","Ag Sb As S","IMA2019-014"," ",6904,"Ferdowsiite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag Sb As S","Sgar","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sanguite","Sanguite","KCu2+Cl3","KCuCl3","KCuCl_3_","KCu^2+^Cl_3_","K Cu Cl","IMA2013-002"," ",6165," ","monoclinic","P21/c","K Cu^2+ Cl","Sgu","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Sanidine","Sanidine","KAlSi3O8","K(AlSi3O8)","K(AlSi_3_O_8_)","KAlSi_3_O_8_","K Al Si O"," "," ",3947,"Feldspar","monoclinic","C2/m","K Al Si O","Sa","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Sanjuanite","Sanjuanite","Al2(PO4)(S6+O4)(OH)·9H2O","Al2(PO4)(SO4)(OH)·9H2O","Al_2_(PO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)·9H_2_O","Al_2_(PO_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·9H_2_O","Al P O S H","IMA1966-043"," ",3948," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Al P O S^6+ H","Sjn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sanmartinite","Sanmartinite","Zn2+W6+O4","Zn(WO4)","Zn(WO_4_)","Zn^2+^W^6+^O_4_","Zn W O"," "," ",3949,"Columbite","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, P2/c","Zn^2+ W^6+ O","Sma","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Sanrománite","Sanromanite","Na2CaPb2+3(CO3)5","Na2CaPb3(CO3)5","Na_2_CaPb_3_(CO_3_)_5_","Na_2_CaPb^2+^_3_(CO_3_)_5_","Na Ca Pb C O","IMA2006-009"," ",5479,"Burbankite","hexagonal","P63mc","Na Ca Pb^2+ C O","Srm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Santabarbaraite","Santabarbaraite","Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O","Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O","Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA2000-052"," ",3950,"Amorphous",,,"Fe^3+ P O H","Sbb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Santaclaraite","Santaclaraite","CaMn2+4Si5O14(OH)2·H2O","CaMn2+4Si5O14(OH)2·H2O","CaMn^2+^_4_Si_5_O_14_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","CaMn^2+^_4_Si_5_O_14_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Mn Si O H","IMA1979-005"," ",3951," ","triclinic","I1","Ca Mn^2+ Si O H","Scl","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Santafeite","Santafeite","(Ca,Sr,Na)3(Mn2+,Fe3+)2Mn4+2(V5+O4)4(OH,O)5·2H2O","(Ca,Sr,Na)3(Mn2+,Fe3+)2Mn4+2(VO4)4(OH,O)5·2H2O","(Ca,Sr,Na)_3_(Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^)_2_Mn^4+^_2_(VO_4_)_4_(OH,O)_5_·2H_2_O","(Ca,Sr,Na)_3_(Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^)_2_Mn^4+^_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_4_(OH,O)_5_·2H_2_O","Ca Sr Na Mn Fe V O H"," "," ",3952," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca Sr Na Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Mn^4+ V^5+ O H","Sfe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Santanaite","Santanaite","Pb2+9Pb4+2Cr6+O16","Pb11CrO16","Pb_11_CrO_16_","Pb^2+^_9_Pb^4+^_2_Cr^6+^O_16_","Pb Cr O","IMA1971-035"," ",3953," ","hexagonal","P6322","Pb^2+ Pb^4+ Cr^6+ O","San","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Santarosaite","Santarosaite","Cu2+B2O4","CuB2O4","CuB_2_O_4_","Cu^2+^B_2_O_4_","Cu B O","IMA2007-013"," ",5619," ","tetragonal","I42d","Cu^2+ B O","Srs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Santite","Santite","KB5O6(OH)4·2H2O","KB5O6(OH)4·2H2O","KB_5_O_6_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","KB_5_O_6_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","K B O H","IMA1969-044"," ",3954,"Santite","orthorhombic","Aba2","K B O H","Snt","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Saponite","Saponite","(Ca,Na)0.3(Mg,Fe2+)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O","(Ca,Na)0.3(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O","(Ca,Na)_0.3_(Mg,Fe)_3_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","(Ca,Na)_0.3_(Mg,Fe^2+^)_3_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Na Mg Fe Si Al O H"," "," ",3955,"Clay, Smectite-vermiculite",,,"Ca Na Mg Fe^2+ Si Al O H","Sap","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sapozhnikovite","Sapozhnikovite","Na8(Al6Si6O24)(HS2-)2","Na8(Al6Si6O24)(HS)2","Na_8_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)(HS)_2_","Na_8_(Al_6_Si_6_O_24_)(HS^2-^)_2_","Na Al Si O H S","IMA2021-030"," ",7140,"Sodalite","cubic","P43n","Na Al Si O H S^2-","Spz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Sapphirine","Sapphirine","Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]","Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]","Mg_4_(Mg_3_Al_9_)O_4_[Si_3_Al_9_O_36_]","Mg_4_(Mg_3_Al_9_)O_4_[Si_3_Al_9_O_36_]","Mg Al O Si"," "," ",3956,"Sapphirine","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, P21/a","Mg Al O Si","Spr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Sarabauite","Sarabauite","CaSb3+10O10S2-6","Sb4S6·CaSb6O10","Sb_4_S_6_·CaSb_6_O_10_","CaSb^3+^_10_O_10_S^2-^_6_","Sb S Ca O","IMA1976-035"," ",3957," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Sb^3+ O S^2-","Sbu","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Saranchinaite","Saranchinaite","Na2Cu2+(S6+O4)2","Na2Cu(SO4)2","Na_2_Cu(SO_4_)_2_","Na_2_Cu^2+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Na Cu S O","IMA2015-019"," ",6423,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21","Na Cu^2+ S^6+ O","Src","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Saranovskite","Saranovskite","SrCaFe2+ 2(Cr3+4Ti4+2)Ti4+12O38","SrCaFe2+ 2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38","SrCaFe^2+^_ 2_(Cr_4_Ti_2_)Ti_12_O_38_","SrCaFe^2+^_ 2_(Cr^3+^_4_Ti^4+^_2_)Ti^4+^_12_O_38_","Sr Ca Fe Cr Ti O","IMA2020-015"," ",7029,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Sr Ca Fe^2+ Cr^3+ Ti^4+ O","Svs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Sarcolite","Sarcolite","Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl)","Na4Ca12Al8Si12O46(SiO4,PO4)(OH,H2O)4(CO3,Cl)","Na_4_Ca_12_Al_8_Si_12_O_46_(SiO_4_,PO_4_)(OH,H_2_O)_4_(CO_3_,Cl)","Na_4_Ca_12_Al_8_Si_12_O_46_(SiO_4_,PO_4_)(OH,H_2_O)_4_(CO_3_,Cl)","Na Ca Al Si O P H C Cl"," "," ",4918," ","tetragonal","I4/m","Na Ca Al Si O P H C Cl","Sco","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Sarcopside","Sarcopside","Fe2+3☐(PO4)2","Fe2+3(PO4)2","Fe^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_","Fe^2+^_3_[box](PO_4_)_2_","Fe P O"," "," ",3958,"Olivine-Sarcopside","monoclinic","P21/a","Fe^2+ P O","Sar","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Sardashtite","Sardashtite","Ag1+9Cu1+2.5Pb2+41Sb3+36.5As3+7S2-112","Ag9Cu2.5Pb41Sb36.5As7S112","Ag_9_Cu_2.5_Pb_41_Sb_36.5_As_7_S_112_","Ag^1+^_9_Cu^1+^_2.5_Pb^2+^_41_Sb^3+^_36.5_As^3+^_7_S^2-^_112_","Ag Cu Pb Sb As S","IMA2022-140"," ",7351,"Owyheeite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Sard",,"No" +"Sardignaite","Sardignaite","Bi3+Mo6+2O7(OH)·2H2O","BiMo2O7(OH)·2H2O","BiMo_2_O_7_(OH)·2H_2_O","Bi^3+^Mo^6+^_2_O_7_(OH)·2H_2_O","Bi Mo O H","IMA2008-040"," ",5699,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/m","Bi^3+ Mo^6+ O H","Sdi","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sarkinite","Sarkinite","Mn2+2As5+O4(OH)","Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH)","Mn^2+^_2_(AsO_4_)(OH)","Mn^2+^_2_As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Mn As O H"," "," ",3959,"Wagnerite","monoclinic","P21/a","Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Srk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Sarmientite","Sarmientite","Fe3+2(As5+O4)(S6+O4)(OH)·5H2O","Fe3+2(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)·5H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)·5H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)·5H_2_O","Fe As O S H"," "," ",3960," ","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/n","Fe^3+ As^5+ O S^6+ H","Smi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sarrabusite","Sarrabusite","Pb2+5Cu2+(Se4+O3)4Cl4","Pb5CuCl4(SeO3)4","Pb_5_CuCl_4_(SeO_3_)_4_","Pb^2+^_5_Cu^2+^(Se^4+^O_3_)_4_Cl_4_","Pb Cu Cl Se O","IMA1997-046a"," ",5997,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Se^4+ O Cl","Sbs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sarrochite","Sarrochite","[Ca4(H2O)38][Mo6+8P2Fe3+3O37(OH)]","[Ca4(H2O)38][Mo8P2Fe3+3O37(OH)]","[Ca_4_(H_2_O)_38_][Mo_8_P_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_37_(OH)]","[Ca_4_(H_2_O)_38_][Mo^6+^_8_P_2_Fe^3+^_3_O_37_(OH)]","Ca H O Mo P Fe","IMA2021-116"," ",7220," ","hexagonal","P3m1","Ca H O Mo^6+ P Fe^3+","Sarr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Sartorite","Sartorite","Pb2+As3+2S2-4","PbAs2S4","PbAs_2_S_4_","Pb^2+^As^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Pb As S"," "," ",3961,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Sat","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sarvodaite","Sarvodaite","Al2(S6+O4)3·5H2O","Al2(SO4)3·5H2O","Al_2_(SO_4_)_3_·5H_2_O","Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_·5H_2_O","Al S O H","IMA2023-073"," ",7413," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Al S^6+ O H","Svd",,"No" +"Saryarkite-(Y)","Saryarkite-(Y)","Ca(Y,Th4+)Al5(SiO4)2(PO4)2(OH)7·6H2O","Ca(Y,Th)Al5(SiO4)2(PO4)2(OH)7·6H2O","Ca(Y,Th)Al_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_7_·6H_2_O","Ca(Y,Th^4+^)Al_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_7_·6H_2_O","Ca Y Th Al Si O P H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",3962," ","tetragonal",,"Ca Y Th^4+ Al Si O P H","Syk-Y","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Sasaite","Sasaite","Al6(PO4)5(OH)3·36H2O","Al6(PO4)5(OH)3·36H2O","Al_6_(PO_4_)_5_(OH)_3_·36H_2_O","Al_6_(PO_4_)_5_(OH)_3_·36H_2_O","Al P O H","IMA1977-033"," ",3963," ","orthorhombic",,"Al P O H","Sas","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Sassite","Sassite","Ti3+2Ti4+O5","Ti3+2Ti4+O5","Ti^3+^_2_Ti^4+^O_5_","Ti^3+^_2_Ti^4+^O_5_","Ti O","IMA2022-014"," ",7242,"Pseudobrookite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Ti^3+ Ti^4+ O","Ssi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Sassolite","Sassolite","B(OH)3","B(OH)3","B(OH)_3_","B(OH)_3_","B O H"," "," ",3964," ","triclinic","P1","B O H","Sso","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Satimolite","Satimolite","KNa2(Al5Mg2)[B12O18(OH)12](OH)6Cl4·4H2O","KNa2(Al5Mg2)[B12O18(OH)12](OH)6Cl4·4H2O","KNa_2_(Al_5_Mg_2_)[B_12_O_18_(OH)_12_](OH)_6_Cl_4_·4H_2_O","KNa_2_(Al_5_Mg_2_)[B_12_O_18_(OH)_12_](OH)_6_Cl_4_·4H_2_O","K Na Al Mg B O H Cl","IMA1967-023"," ",3965," ","orthorhombic",,"K Na Al Mg B O H Cl","Sati","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Satpaevite","Satpaevite","Al12V4+2V5+6O37·30H2O","Al12(V4+,V5+)8O37·30H2O (?)","Al_12_(V^4+^,V^5+^)_8_O_37_·30H_2_O (?)","Al_12_V^4+^_2_V^5+^_6_O_37_·30H_2_O","Al V O H"," "," ",3966," ",,,"Al V^4+ V^5+ O H","Spv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Satterlyite","Satterlyite","(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)12(PO3OH)(PO4)5(OH,O)6","(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)12(PO3OH)(PO4)5(OH,O)6","(Fe^2+^,Mg,Fe^3+^)_12_(PO_3_OH)(PO_4_)_5_(OH,O)_6_","(Fe^2+^,Mg,Fe^3+^)_12_(PO_3_OH)(PO_4_)_5_(OH,O)_6_","Fe Mg P O H","IMA1976-056"," ",3967,"Holtedahlite","hexagonal","P31m","Fe^2+ Mg Fe^3+ P O H","Sly","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sauconite","Sauconite","Na0.3Zn2+3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O","Na0.3Zn3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O","Na_0.3_Zn_3_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Na_0.3_Zn^2+^_3_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Zn Si Al O H"," "," ",3968,"Clay, Smectite-vermiculite",,,"Na Zn^2+ Si Al O H","Sau","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Savelievaite","Savelievaite","Mg2Cr3+O2(BO3)","Mg2Cr3+O2(BO3)","Mg_2_Cr^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg_2_Cr^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg Cr O B","IMA2021-051"," ",7157,"Ludwigite","orthorhombic","Pbam","Mg Cr^3+ O B","Svlv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Sayrite","Sayrite","Pb2+2(U6+O2)5O6(OH)2·4H2O","Pb2(UO2)5O6(OH)2·4H2O","Pb_2_(UO_2_)_5_O_6_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Pb^2+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_5_O_6_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Pb U O H","IMA1982-050"," ",3969," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ U^6+ O H","Syr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sazhinite-(Ce)","Sazhinite-(Ce)","Na3Ce3+Si6O15·2H2O","Na3CeSi6O15·2H2O","Na_3_CeSi_6_O_15_·2H_2_O","Na_3_Ce^3+^Si_6_O_15_·2H_2_O","Na Ce Si O H","IMA1973-060, IMA1987 s.p."," ",3970," ","orthorhombic","Pmm2","Na Ce^3+ Si O H","Szi-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Sazhinite-(La)","Sazhinite-(La)","Na3LaSi6O15·2H2O","Na3LaSi6O15·2H2O","Na_3_LaSi_6_O_15_·2H_2_O","Na_3_LaSi_6_O_15_·2H_2_O","Na La Si O H","IMA2002-042a"," ",5349," ","orthorhombic","Pmm2","Na La Si O H","Szi-La","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Sazykinaite-(Y)","Sazykinaite-(Y)","Na5YZr4+Si6O18·6H2O","Na5YZrSi6O18·6H2O","Na_5_YZrSi_6_O_18_·6H_2_O","Na_5_YZr^4+^Si_6_O_18_·6H_2_O","Na Y Zr Si O H","IMA1992-031"," ",3971," ","hexagonal","R32","Na Y Zr^4+ Si O H","Szn-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Sbacchiite","Sbacchiite","Ca2AlF7","Ca2AlF7","Ca_2_AlF_7_","Ca_2_AlF_7_","Ca Al F","IMA2017-097"," ",6721,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca Al F","Scc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Sborgite","Sborgite","NaB5O6(OH)4·3H2O","NaB5O6(OH)4·3H2O","NaB_5_O_6_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","NaB_5_O_6_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Na B O H"," "," ",3972," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na B O H","Srg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Scacchite","Scacchite","Mn2+Cl2","MnCl2","MnCl_2_","Mn^2+^Cl_2_","Mn Cl"," "," ",3973,"Scacchite","hexagonal","R3m","Mn^2+ Cl","Sca","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Scainiite","Scainiite","Pb2+14Sb3+30S2-54O5","Pb14Sb30S54O5","Pb_14_Sb_30_S_54_O_5_","Pb^2+^_14_Sb^3+^_30_S^2-^_54_O_5_","Pb Sb S O","IMA1996-014"," ",3974," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2- O","Scn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Scandiobabingtonite","Scandiobabingtonite","(Ca,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn2+)(Sc,Fe3+)Si5O14(OH)","(Ca,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn)(Sc,Fe3+)Si5O14(OH)","(Ca,Na)_2_(Fe^2+^,Mn)(Sc,Fe^3+^)Si_5_O_14_(OH)","(Ca,Na)_2_(Fe^2+^,Mn^2+^)(Sc,Fe^3+^)Si_5_O_14_(OH)","Ca Na Fe Mn Sc Si O H","IMA1993-012"," ",3975,"Rhodonite","triclinic","P1","Ca Na Fe^2+ Mn^2+ Sc Fe^3+ Si O H","Sbab","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Scandio-fluoro-eckermannite","Scandio-fluoro-eckermannite","NaNa2(Mg4Sc)(Si8O22)F2","NaNa2(Mg4Sc)(Si8O22)F2","NaNa_2_(Mg_4_Sc)(Si_8_O_22_)F_2_","NaNa_2_(Mg_4_Sc)(Si_8_O_22_)F_2_","Na Mg Sc Si O F","IMA2024-002"," ",7472,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Sc Si O F","Sfeck",,"No" +"Scandio-winchite","Scandio-winchite","☐(NaCa)(Mg4Sc)(Si8O22)(OH)2","☐(NaCa)(Mg4Sc)(Si8O22)(OH)2","[box](NaCa)(Mg_4_Sc)(Si_8_O_22_)(OH)_2_","[box](NaCa)(Mg_4_Sc)(Si_8_O_22_)(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Sc Si O H","IMA2022-009"," ",7233,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Sc Si O H","Swnc","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization","No" +"Scarbroite","Scarbroite","Al5(CO3)(OH)13·5H2O","Al5(CO3)(OH)13·5H2O","Al_5_(CO_3_)(OH)_13_·5H_2_O","Al_5_(CO_3_)(OH)_13_·5H_2_O","Al C O H"," "," ",3976," ","triclinic",,"Al C O H","Scr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Scawtite","Scawtite","Ca7(Si3O9)2(CO3)·2H2O","Ca7(Si3O9)2(CO3)·2H2O","Ca_7_(Si_3_O_9_)_2_(CO_3_)·2H_2_O","Ca_7_(Si_3_O_9_)_2_(CO_3_)·2H_2_O","Ca Si O C H"," "," ",3977," ","monoclinic","I2/m, Im, Cm","Ca Si O C H","Scw","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Scenicite","Scenicite","[(U6+O2)(H2O)2(S6+O4)]2·3H2O","[(UO2)(H2O)2(SO4)]2·3H2O","[(UO_2_)(H_2_O)_2_(SO_4_)]_2_·3H_2_O","[(U^6+^O_2_)(H_2_O)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)]_2_·3H_2_O","U O H S","IMA2021-057"," ",7162,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pca21","U^6+ O H S^6+","Sce","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schachnerite","Schachnerite","Ag1.1Hg0.9","Ag1.1Hg0.9","Ag_1.1_Hg_0.9_","Ag_1.1_Hg_0.9_","Ag Hg","IMA1971-055"," ",3978," ","hexagonal",,"Ag Hg","Shn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Schafarzikite","Schafarzikite","Fe2+Sb3+2O4","Fe2+(Sb3+)2O4","Fe^2+^(Sb^3+^)_2_O_4_","Fe^2+^Sb^3+^_2_O_4_","Fe Sb O"," "," ",3979,"Minium","tetragonal","P42/mbc","Fe^2+ Sb^3+ O","Sfz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Schäferite","Schaferite","NaCa2Mg2(V5+O4)3","(NaCa2)Mg2(VO4)3","(NaCa_2_)Mg_2_(VO_4_)_3_","NaCa_2_Mg_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Ca Mg V O","IMA1997-048"," ",3980,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Na Ca Mg V^5+ O","Sfr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Schairerite","Schairerite","Na21(S6+O4)7ClF6","Na21(SO4)7ClF6","Na_21_(SO_4_)_7_ClF_6_","Na_21_(S^6+^O_4_)_7_ClF_6_","Na S O Cl F"," "," ",3981," ","hexagonal","P31m","Na S^6+ O Cl F","Shr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schallerite","Schallerite","Mn2+16As3+3Si12O36(OH)17","Mn2+16As3+3Si12O36(OH)17","Mn^2+^_16_As^3+^_3_Si_12_O_36_(OH)_17_","Mn^2+^_16_As^3+^_3_Si_12_O_36_(OH)_17_","Mn As Si O H"," "," ",3982,"Pyrosmalite, Clay","hexagonal","P63","Mn^2+ As^3+ Si O H","Slr","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Schapbachite","Schapbachite","Ag1+0.4Pb2+0.2Bi3+0.4S2-","Ag0.4Pb0.2Bi0.4S","Ag_0.4_Pb_0.2_Bi_0.4_S","Ag^1+^_0.4_Pb^2+^_0.2_Bi^3+^_0.4_S^2-^","Ag Pb Bi S","IMA1982 s.p."," ",5161,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Spb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Schaurteite","Schaurteite","Ca3Ge(S6+O4)2(OH)6·3H2O","Ca3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O","Ca_3_Ge(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca_3_Ge(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca Ge S O H","IMA1988 s.p."," ",3983,"Fleischerite","hexagonal","P62c, P63/mmc","Ca Ge S^6+ O H","Sht","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Scheelite","Scheelite","CaW6+O4","Ca(WO4)","Ca(WO_4_)","CaW^6+^O_4_","Ca W O"," "," ",3984,"Scheelite","tetragonal","I41/a","Ca W^6+ O","Sch","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Schertelite","Schertelite","(N3-H4)2Mg(PO3OH)2·4H2O","(NH4)2Mg(PO3OH)2·4H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Mg(PO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Mg(PO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","N H Mg P O"," "," ",3985," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","N^3- H Mg P O","She","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Scheuchzerite","Scheuchzerite","NaMn2+9Si9V5+O28(OH)4","NaMn2+9Si9V5+O28(OH)4","NaMn^2+^_9_Si_9_V^5+^O_28_(OH)_4_","NaMn^2+^_9_Si_9_V^5+^O_28_(OH)_4_","Na Mn Si V O H","IMA2004-044"," ",5302," ","triclinic","P1","Na Mn^2+ Si V^5+ O H","Shz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Schiavinatoite","Schiavinatoite","Nb5+BO4","Nb(BO4)","Nb(BO_4_)","Nb^5+^BO_4_","Nb B O","IMA1999-051"," ",3986,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Nb^5+ B O","Shv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Schieffelinite","Schieffelinite","Pb2+10Te6+6O20(OH)14(S6+O4)·5H2O","Pb10Te6+6O20(OH)14(SO4)(H2O)5","Pb_10_Te^6+^_6_O_20_(OH)_14_(SO_4_)(H_2_O)_5_","Pb^2+^_10_Te^6+^_6_O_20_(OH)_14_(S^6+^O_4_)·5H_2_O","Pb Te O H S","IMA1979-043"," ",3987,"Schieffelinite","orthorhombic","C2221","Pb^2+ Te^6+ O H S^6+","Sfl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schindlerite","Schindlerite","(N3-H4)4Na2[V5+10O28]·10H2O","{(NH4)4Na2(H2O)10}{V10O28}","{(NH_4_)_4_Na_2_(H_2_O)_10_}{V_10_O_28_}","(N^3-^H_4_)_4_Na_2_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·10H_2_O","N H Na O V","IMA2012-063, IMA2015 s.p."," ",6118,"Pascoite","triclinic","P1","N^3- H Na V^5+ O","Shi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Schizolite","Schizolite","NaCaMn2+Si3O8(OH)","NaCaMnSi3O8(OH)","NaCaMnSi_3_O_8_(OH)","NaCaMn^2+^Si_3_O_8_(OH)","Na Ca Mn Si O H","IMA2013-067"," ",6197,"Pectolite","triclinic","P1, C1","Na Ca Mn^2+ Si O H","Szl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Schlegelite","Schlegelite","Bi3+7O4(Mo6+O4)2(As5+O4)3","Bi7O4(MoO4)2(AsO4)3","Bi_7_O_4_(MoO_4_)_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","Bi^3+^_7_O_4_(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_","Bi O Mo As","IMA2003-051"," ",5252," ","orthorhombic","Pnca","Bi^3+ O Mo^6+ As^5+","Scg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schlemaite","Schlemaite","(Cu1+,☐)6(Pb2+,Bi3+)Se2-4","(Cu,☐)6(Pb,Bi)Se4","(Cu,[box])_6_(Pb,Bi)Se_4_","(Cu^1+^,[box])_6_(Pb^2+^,Bi^3+^)Se^2-^_4_","Cu Pb Bi Se","IMA2003-026"," ",5162," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Se^2-","Slm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Schlossmacherite","Schlossmacherite","(H3O)Al3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","(H3O)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6","(H_3_O)Al_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","(H_3_O)Al_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","H O Al S","IMA1979-028"," ",5103,"Alunite-Alunite",,,"H O Al S^6+","Ssm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schlüterite-(Y)","Schluterite-(Y)","(Y,REE)2AlSi2O7(OH)2F","(Y,REE)2AlSi2O7(OH)2F","(Y,REE)_2_AlSi_2_O_7_(OH)_2_F","(Y,REE)_2_AlSi_2_O_7_(OH)_2_F","Y REE Al Si O H F","IMA2012-015"," ",6073,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/c","Y REE Al Si O H F","Slü-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Schmidite","Schmidite","Zn2+(Fe3+0.5Mn2+0.5)2Zn2+Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)3(H2O)8","Zn(Fe3+0.5Mn2+0.5)2ZnFe3+(PO4)3(OH)3(H2O)8","Zn(Fe^3+^_0.5_Mn^2+^_0.5_)_2_ZnFe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_(H_2_O)_8_","Zn^2+^(Fe^3+^_0.5_Mn^2+^_0.5_)_2_Zn^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_(H_2_O)_8_","Zn Fe Mn P O H","IMA2017-012"," ",6653,"Calcioferrite-Schoonerite","orthorhombic","Pmab","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ Mn^2+ P O H","Smd","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schmiederite","Schmiederite","Cu2+2Pb2+2(Se4+O3)(Se6+O4)(OH)4","Cu2Pb2(Se4+O3)(Se6+O4)(OH)4","Cu_2_Pb_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)(Se^6+^O_4_)(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^_2_Pb^2+^_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)(Se^6+^O_4_)(OH)_4_","Cu Pb Se O H"," "," ",3989,"Linarite","monoclinic","P21/m","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Se^4+ O Se^6+ H","Scm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Schmitterite","Schmitterite","(U6+O2)Te4+O3","(UO2)(Te4+O3)","(UO_2_)(Te^4+^O_3_)","(U^6+^O_2_)Te^4+^O_3_","U O Te","IMA1967-045"," ",3990," ","orthorhombic","Pca21, Pbcm","U^6+ O Te^4+","Sci","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schneebergite","Schneebergite","Bi3+Co2+2(As5+O4)2(OH)·H2O","BiCo2(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O","BiCo_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Bi^3+^Co^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","Bi Co As O H","IMA1999-027"," ",3991,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Bi^3+ Co^2+ As^5+ O H","Snb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schneiderhöhnite","Schneiderhohnite","Fe2+Fe3+3As3+5O13","Fe2+Fe3+3As3+5O13","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_3_As^3+^_5_O_13_","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_3_As^3+^_5_O_13_","Fe As O","IMA1973-046"," ",4042," ","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ As^3+ O","Snh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schoderite","Schoderite","Al2(PO4)(V5+O4)·8H2O","Al2(PO4)(VO4)·8H2O","Al_2_(PO_4_)(VO_4_)·8H_2_O","Al_2_(PO_4_)(V^5+^O_4_)·8H_2_O","Al P O V H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3993," ","monoclinic","P2/m","Al P O V^5+ H","Sde","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schoenfliesite","Schoenfliesite","MgSn4+(OH)6","MgSn(OH)6","MgSn(OH)_6_","MgSn^4+^(OH)_6_","Mg Sn O H","IMA1968-008"," ",3994,"Perovskite","cubic","Pn3","Mg Sn^4+ O H","Sfs","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Schoepite","Schoepite","(U6+O2)4O(OH)6(H2O)6","(UO2)4O(OH)6(H2O)6","(UO_2_)_4_O(OH)_6_(H_2_O)_6_","(U^6+^O_2_)_4_O(OH)_6_(H_2_O)_6_","U O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",3995,"Schoepite","orthorhombic","P21ca","U^6+ O H","Sho","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM27 - Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schöllhornite","Schollhornite","Na0.3CrS2·H2O","Na0.3CrS2·H2O","Na_0.3_CrS_2_·H_2_O","Na_0.3_CrS_2_·H_2_O","Na Cr S H O","IMA1984-043"," ",3996," ","hexagonal",,"Na Cr S H O","Slh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Scholzite","Scholzite","CaZn2+2(PO4)2·2H2O","CaZn2(PO4)2·2H2O","CaZn_2_(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","CaZn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Zn P O H"," "," ",3997," ","orthorhombic","Pbc21, Pbcn","Ca Zn^2+ P O H","Slz","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schoonerite","Schoonerite","Zn2+Mn2+Fe2+2Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)2(H2O)7·2H2O","ZnMn2+Fe2+2Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)2(H2O)7·2H2O","ZnMn^2+^Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_7_·2H_2_O","Zn^2+^Mn^2+^Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_7_·2H_2_O","Zn Mn Fe P O H","IMA1976-021"," ",3998,"Calcioferrite-Schoonerite","orthorhombic","Pmab","Zn^2+ Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Soo","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schorl","Schorl","NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH","NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","NaFe^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","NaFe^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_OH","Na Fe Al Si O B H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3999,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Fe^2+ Al Si O B H","Srl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Schorlomite","Schorlomite","Ca3Ti4+2(Fe3+2Si)O12","Ca3Ti2(SiFe3+2)O12","Ca_3_Ti_2_(SiFe^3+^_2_)O_12_","Ca_3_Ti^4+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2_Si)O_12_","Ca Ti Si Fe O"," "," ",4000,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d, Ia3d","Ca Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Si O","Slo","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Schreibersite","Schreibersite","(Fe,Ni)3P","(Fe,Ni)3P","(Fe,Ni)_3_P","(Fe,Ni)_3_P","Fe Ni P"," "," ",4001," ","tetragonal","I4","Fe Ni P","Scb","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM29 - Lightning-generated minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Schreyerite","Schreyerite","V3+2Ti4+3O9","V3+2Ti4+3O9","V^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_3_O_9_","V^3+^_2_Ti^4+^_3_O_9_","V Ti O","IMA1976-004"," ",4002,"Schreyerite","monoclinic","C2/c","V^3+ Ti^4+ O","Sry","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Schröckingerite","Schrockingerite","NaCa3(U6+O2)(S6+O4)(CO3)3F·10H2O","NaCa3(UO2)(SO4)(CO3)3F·10H2O","NaCa_3_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)(CO_3_)_3_F·10H_2_O","NaCa_3_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)_3_F·10H_2_O","Na Ca U O S C F H"," "," ",4003," ","triclinic","P1","Na Ca U^6+ O S^6+ C F H","Srö","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Schubnelite","Schubnelite","Fe3+V5+O4·H2O","Fe3+(V5+O4)·H2O","Fe^3+^(V^5+^O_4_)·H_2_O","Fe^3+^V^5+^O_4_·H_2_O","Fe V O H","IMA1970-015"," ",4004,"Schubnelite","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ V^5+ O H","Shb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schuetteite","Schuetteite","Hg2+3O2(S6+O4)","Hg3O2(SO4)","Hg_3_O_2_(SO_4_)","Hg^2+^_3_O_2_(S^6+^O_4_)","Hg O S","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4005," ","hexagonal","P3121","Hg^2+ O S^6+","Sh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Schuilingite-(Nd)","Schuilingite-(Nd)","Cu2+Pb2+Nd(CO3)3(OH)·1.5H2O","CuPbNd(CO3)3(OH)·1.5H2O","CuPbNd(CO_3_)_3_(OH)·1.5H_2_O","Cu^2+^Pb^2+^Nd(CO_3_)_3_(OH)·1.5H_2_O","Cu Pb Nd C O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4006," ","orthorhombic","P21cn","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Nd C O H","Shg-Nd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schulenbergite","Schulenbergite","(Cu2+,Zn2+)7(S6+O4)2(OH)10·3H2O","(Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10·3H2O","(Cu,Zn)_7_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_10_·3H_2_O","(Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^)_7_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_10_·3H_2_O","Cu Zn S O H","IMA1982-074"," ",4007,"Ktenasite","hexagonal","P3","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Slb","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM28 - Photo-alteration, pre-biotic, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Schüllerite","Schullerite","Na2Ba2Mg2Ti4+2(Si2O7)2O2F2","Ba2Ti2Na2Mg2(Si2O7)2O2F2","Ba_2_Ti_2_Na_2_Mg_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Na_2_Ba_2_Mg_2_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Ba Ti Na Mg Si O F","IMA2010-035"," ",5865,"Seidozerite-Murmanite","triclinic","P1, P1","Na Ba Mg Ti^4+ Si O F","Shü","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schultenite","Schultenite","Pb2+(As5+O3OH)","Pb(AsO3OH)","Pb(AsO_3_OH)","Pb^2+^(As^5+^O_3_OH)","Pb As O H"," "," ",4008," ","monoclinic","P2/c","Pb^2+ As^5+ O H","Slt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schumacherite","Schumacherite","Bi3+3O(V5+O4)2(OH)","Bi3O(VO4)2(OH)","Bi_3_O(VO_4_)_2_(OH)","Bi^3+^_3_O(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)","Bi O V H","IMA1982-023"," ",4009," ","triclinic","P1","Bi^3+ O V^5+ H","Shh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schwartzembergite","Schwartzembergite","Pb2+5H2I3+O6Cl3","Pb2+5H2I3+O6Cl3","Pb^2+^_5_H_2_I^3+^O_6_Cl_3_","Pb^2+^_5_H_2_I^3+^O_6_Cl_3_","Pb H I O Cl"," "," ",4010," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Pb^2+ H I^3+ O Cl","Swb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Schwertmannite","Schwertmannite","Fe3+16O16(OH)9.6(S6+O4)3.2·10H2O","Fe3+16O16(OH)9.6(SO4)3.2·10H2O","Fe^3+^_16_O_16_(OH)_9.6_(SO_4_)_3.2_·10H_2_O","Fe^3+^_16_O_16_(OH)_9.6_(S^6+^O_4_)_3.2_·10H_2_O","Fe O H S","IMA1990-006"," ",4011,"Coronadite","tetragonal, triclinic","P4/m, P1","Fe^3+ O H S^6+","Swm","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Sclarite","Sclarite","Zn2+7(CO3)2(OH)10","Zn7(CO3)2(OH)10","Zn_7_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_10_","Zn^2+^_7_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_10_","Zn C O H","IMA1988-026"," ",4012," ","monoclinic","A2/a","Zn^2+ C O H","Sl","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Scolecite","Scolecite","Ca(Si3Al2)O10·3H2O","Ca(Si3Al2)O10·3H2O","Ca(Si_3_Al_2_)O_10_·3H_2_O","Ca(Si_3_Al_2_)O_10_·3H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",4013,"Natrolite","monoclinic","Cc, Fd","Ca Si Al O H","Slc","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Scordariite","Scordariite","K8(Fe3+0.67☐0.33)[Fe3+3O(S6+O4)6(H2O)3]2(H2O)11","K8(Fe3+0.67☐0.33)[Fe3+3O(SO4)6(H2O)3]2(H2O)11","K_8_(Fe^3+^_0.67_[box]_0.33_)[Fe^3+^_3_O(SO_4_)_6_(H_2_O)_3_]_2_(H_2_O)_11_","K_8_(Fe^3+^_0.67_[box]_0.33_)[Fe^3+^_3_O(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(H_2_O)_3_]_2_(H_2_O)_11_","K Fe O S H","IMA2019-010"," ",6900,"Metavoltine","hexagonal","R3","K Fe^3+ O S^6+ H","Sda","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Scorodite","Scorodite","Fe3+As5+O4·2H2O","Fe3+(AsO4)·2H2O","Fe^3+^(AsO_4_)·2H_2_O","Fe^3+^As^5+^O_4_·2H_2_O","Fe As O H"," "," ",4014," ","orthorhombic","Pbca, Pcab","Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Scd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Scorticoite","Scorticoite","Mn2+6(Sb5+☐)(SiO4)2O3(OH)3","Mn6(Sb☐)(SiO4)2O3(OH)3","Mn_6_(Sb[box])(SiO_4_)_2_O_3_(OH)_3_","Mn^2+^_6_(Sb^5+^[box])(SiO_4_)_2_O_3_(OH)_3_","Mn Sb Si O H","IMA2018-159"," ",6884,"Welinite","hexagonal","P3","Mn^2+ Sb^5+ Si O H","Srt","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Scorzalite","Scorzalite","Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2","Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2","Fe^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Fe^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Fe Al P O H"," "," ",4854,"Lazulite","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^2+ Al P O H","Scz","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Scotlandite","Scotlandite","Pb2+S4+O3","Pb(S4+O3)","Pb(S^4+^O_3_)","Pb^2+^S^4+^O_3_","Pb S O","IMA1982-001"," ",4015,"Molybdomenite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ S^4+ O","Sct","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Scottyite","Scottyite","BaCu2+2Si2O7","BaCu2Si2O7","BaCu_2_Si_2_O_7_","BaCu^2+^_2_Si_2_O_7_","Ba Cu Si O","IMA2012-027"," ",6039,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ba Cu^2+ Si O","Sty","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Scrutinyite","Scrutinyite","Pb4+O2","PbO2","PbO_2_","Pb^4+^O_2_","Pb O","IMA1984-061"," ",4016,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Pb^4+ O","Sny","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Seaborgite","Seaborgite","LiK2Na6(U6+O2)(S6+O4)5(S6+O3OH)(H2O)","LiK2Na6(UO2)(SO4)5(SO3OH)(H2O)","LiK_2_Na_6_(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_5_(SO_3_OH)(H_2_O)","LiK_2_Na_6_(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_5_(S^6+^O_3_OH)(H_2_O)","Li K Na U O S H","IMA2019-087"," ",6974,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Li K Na U^6+ O S^6+ H","Sea","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Seamanite","Seamanite","Mn2+3B(PO4)(OH)6","Mn2+3B(OH)4(PO4)(OH)2","Mn^2+^_3_B(OH)_4_(PO_4_)(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^_3_B(PO_4_)(OH)_6_","Mn B O H P"," "," ",4017," ","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Mn^2+ B P O H","Sem","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Searlesite","Searlesite","NaBSi2O5(OH)2","NaBSi2O5(OH)2","NaBSi_2_O_5_(OH)_2_","NaBSi_2_O_5_(OH)_2_","Na B Si O H"," "," ",4018," ","monoclinic","P21","Na B Si O H","Sle","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Sederholmite","Sederholmite","NiSe","NiSe","NiSe","NiSe","Ni Se","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4019,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63mc, P63/mmc","Ni Se","Sdh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sedovite","Sedovite","U4+(Mo6+O4)2","U4+(MoO4)2","U^4+^(MoO_4_)_2_","U^4+^(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_","U Mo O","IMA1968 s.p."," ",4020," ","orthorhombic",,"U^4+ Mo^6+ O","Sdv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Seeligerite","Seeligerite","Pb2+3(I5+O4)Cl3","Pb3(IO4)Cl3","Pb_3_(IO_4_)Cl_3_","Pb^2+^_3_(I^5+^O_4_)Cl_3_","Pb I O Cl","IMA1970-036"," ",4021," ","orthorhombic","Cmm2","Pb^2+ I^5+ O Cl","Sli","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Seelite","Seelite","Mg(U6+O2)2(As3+O3,As5+O4)2·7H2O","Mg(UO2)2(AsO3,AsO4)2·7H2O","Mg(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_3_,AsO_4_)_2_·7H_2_O","Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^3+^O_3_,As^5+^O_4_)_2_·7H_2_O","Mg U O As H","IMA1992-005"," ",4022,"Seelite","monoclinic","C2/m","Mg U^6+ O As^3+ As^5+ H","See","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Segelerite","Segelerite","CaMgFe3+(PO4)2(OH)·4H2O","CaMgFe3+(PO4)2(OH)·4H2O","CaMgFe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","CaMgFe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·4H_2_O","Ca Mg Fe P O H","IMA1973-023"," ",4024,"Overite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Ca Mg Fe^3+ P O H","Sgl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Segerstromite","Segerstromite","Ca3(As5+O4)2(As3+(OH)3)2","Ca3(As5+O4)2[As3+(OH)3]2","Ca_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_[As^3+^(OH)_3_]_2_","Ca_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^3+^(OH)_3_)_2_","Ca As O H","IMA2014-001"," ",6258,"Not in a structural group","cubic","I213","Ca As^5+ O As^3+ H","Ssr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Segnitite","Segnitite","Pb2+Fe3+3(As5+O4)(As5+O3OH)(OH)6","PbFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6","PbFe^3+^_3_(AsO_4_)(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^Fe^3+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Pb Fe As O H","IMA1991-017"," ",4025,"Alunite-crandallite",,,"Pb^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Sgt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Seidite-(Ce)","Seidite-(Ce)","Na4(Ce3+,Sr)2Ti4+Si8O18(O,OH,F)6·5H2O","Na4(Ce,Sr)2TiSi8O18(O,OH,F)6·5H2O","Na_4_(Ce,Sr)_2_TiSi_8_O_18_(O,OH,F)_6_·5H_2_O","Na_4_(Ce^3+^,Sr)_2_Ti^4+^Si_8_O_18_(O,OH,F)_6_·5H_2_O","Na Ce Sr Ti Si O H F","IMA1993-029"," ",4026," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ce^3+ Sr Ti^4+ Si O H F","Sei-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Seidozerite","Seidozerite","Na2Zr4+2Na2Mn2+Ti4+(Si2O7)2O2F2","Na2Zr2Na2MnTi(Si2O7)2O2F2","Na_2_Zr_2_Na_2_MnTi(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Na_2_Zr^4+^_2_Na_2_Mn^2+^Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_F_2_","Na Zr Mn Ti Si O F","IMA2016 s.p."," ",4027,"Seidozerite-Rinkite","monoclinic","P2/c","Na Zr^4+ Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O F","Sdz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Seifertite","Seifertite","SiO2","SiO2","SiO_2_","SiO_2_","Si O","IMA2004-010"," ",5190,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Si O","Sft","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Seinäjokite","Seinajokite","Fe3+(Sb2)3-","FeSb2","FeSb_2_","Fe^3+^(Sb_2_)^3-^","Fe Sb","IMA1976-001"," ",4028,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pnnm, Pnn2","Fe^3+ Sb","Sjk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sejkoraite-(Y)","Sejkoraite-(Y)","Y2[(U6+O2)8O6(S6+O4)4(OH)2]·26H2O","Y2[(UO2)8O6(SO4)4(OH)2]·26H2O","Y_2_[(UO_2_)_8_O_6_(SO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_]·26H_2_O","Y_2_[(U^6+^O_2_)_8_O_6_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_2_]·26H_2_O","Y U O S H","IMA2009-008"," ",5737,"Zippeite","triclinic","P1","Y U^6+ O S^6+ H","Sej-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Sekaninaite","Sekaninaite","Fe2+2Al3(AlSi5)O18","Fe2+2Al4Si5O18","Fe^2+^_2_Al_4_Si_5_O_18_","Fe^2+^_2_Al_3_(AlSi_5_)O_18_","Fe Al Si O","IMA1967-047"," ",4029,"Beryl","orthorhombic","Cccm","Fe^2+ Al Si O","Skn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism","No" +"Selenium","Selenium","Se","Se","Se","Se","Se"," "," ",4030,"Sulphur","hexagonal, monoclinic","P3221, P21/a, P21/n, P21/c, P3121, R3","Se","Se","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","Yes" +"Selenodantopaite","Selenodantopaite","Ag1+5Bi3+13Se2-22","Ag5Bi13Se22","Ag_5_Bi_13_Se_22_","Ag^1+^_5_Bi^3+^_13_Se^2-^_22_","Ag Bi Se","IMA2023-092"," ",7430,"Pavonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ag^1+ Bi^3+ Se^2-","Sdnt",,"No" +"Selenojalpaite","Selenojalpaite","Ag1+3Cu1+Se2-2","Ag3CuSe2","Ag_3_CuSe_2_","Ag^1+^_3_Cu^1+^Se^2-^_2_","Ag Cu Se","IMA2004-048"," ",5295,"Jalpaite","tetragonal","I41/amd","Ag^1+ Cu^1+ Se^2-","Sjal","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Selenojunoite","Selenojunoite","Cu1+2Pb2+3Bi3+8Se2-16","Cu2Pb3Bi8Se16","Cu_2_Pb_3_Bi_8_Se_16_","Cu^1+^_2_Pb^2+^_3_Bi^3+^_8_Se^2-^_16_","Cu Pb Bi Se","IMA2023-038"," ",7392,"Junoite","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Se^2-","Sjnt",,"No" +"Selenolaurite","Selenolaurite","RuSe2","RuSe2","RuSe_2_","RuSe_2_","Ru Se","IMA2020-027"," ",7037,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Ru Se","Slrt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Selenopolybasite","Selenopolybasite","Cu1+(Ag1+,Cu1+)6Ag1+9Sb3+2(S2-,Se2-)9Se2-2","Cu(Ag,Cu)6Ag9Sb2(S,Se)9Se2","Cu(Ag,Cu)_6_Ag_9_Sb_2_(S,Se)_9_Se_2_","Cu^1+^(Ag^1+^,Cu^1+^)_6_Ag^1+^_9_Sb^3+^_2_(S^2-^,Se^2-^)_9_Se^2-^_2_","Cu Ag Sb S Se","IMA2006-053"," ",5563,"Polybasite","hexagonal","P3m1","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Sb^3+ S^2- Se^2-","Splb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Selenostephanite","Selenostephanite","Ag1+5Sb3+Se2-4","Ag5SbSe4","Ag_5_SbSe_4_","Ag^1+^_5_Sb^3+^Se^2-^_4_","Ag Sb Se","IMA1982-028"," ",4031," ","orthorhombic","P212121","Ag^1+ Sb^3+ Se^2-","Ssph","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Seligmannite","Seligmannite","Cu1+Pb2+As3+S2-3","CuPbAsS3","CuPbAsS_3_","Cu^1+^Pb^2+^As^3+^S^2-^_3_","Cu Pb As S"," "," ",4032,"Bournonite","orthorhombic","Pn21m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Seli","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Selivanovaite","Selivanovaite","Fe3+☐Ti4+2Na☐Ti4+2(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)4","Fe3+☐Ti2Na☐Ti2(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)4","Fe^3+^[box]Ti_2_Na[box]Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_4_(H_2_O)_4_","Fe^3+^[box]Ti^4+^_2_Na[box]Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_4_(H_2_O)_4_","Fe Ti Na Si O H","IMA2015-126"," ",6527,"Seidozerite-Murmanite","triclinic","P1, C1","Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Na Si O H","Svn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Sellaite","Sellaite","MgF2","MgF2","MgF_2_","MgF_2_","Mg F"," "," ",4033,"Rutile","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Mg F","Sel","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Selsurtite","Selsurtite","(H3O)12Na3(Ca3Mn2+3)(Na2Fe2+)Zr4+3☐Si[Si24O69(OH)3](OH)Cl·H2O","(H3O)12Na3(Ca3Mn3)(Na2Fe)Zr3☐Si[Si24O69(OH)3](OH)Cl·H2O","(H_3_O)_12_Na_3_(Ca_3_Mn_3_)(Na_2_Fe)Zr_3_[box]Si[Si_24_O_69_(OH)_3_](OH)Cl·H_2_O","(H_3_O)_12_Na_3_(Ca_3_Mn^2+^_3_)(Na_2_Fe^2+^)Zr^4+^_3_[box]Si[Si_24_O_69_(OH)_3_](OH)Cl·H_2_O","H O Na Ca Mn Fe Zr Si Cl","IMA2022-026"," ",7254,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3","H O Na Ca Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Si Cl","Ssu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Selwynite","Selwynite","NaKBeZr4+2(PO4)4·2H2O","NaKBeZr2(PO4)4·2H2O","NaKBeZr_2_(PO_4_)_4_·2H_2_O","NaKBeZr^4+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_·2H_2_O","Na K Be Zr P O H","IMA1993-037"," ",4034," ","tetragonal","I41/amd","Na K Be Zr^4+ P O H","Swy","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Semenovite-(Ce)","Semenovite-(Ce)","(Na,Ca)9Fe2+Ce4+2(Si,Be)20(O,OH,F)48","(Na,Ca)9Fe2+Ce2(Si,Be)20(O,OH,F)48","(Na,Ca)_9_Fe^2+^Ce_2_(Si,Be)_20_(O,OH,F)_48_","(Na,Ca)_9_Fe^2+^Ce^4+^_2_(Si,Be)_20_(O,OH,F)_48_","Na Ca Fe Ce Si Be O H F","IMA1971-036"," ",4035," ","tetragonal, orthorhombic","P42/n, Pmnn","Na Ca Fe^2+ Ce^4+ Si Be O H F","Smv-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Semseyite","Semseyite","Pb2+9Sb3+8S2-21","Pb9Sb8S21","Pb_9_Sb_8_S_21_","Pb^2+^_9_Sb^3+^_8_S^2-^_21_","Pb Sb S"," "," ",4036," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ssy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Senaite","Senaite","Pb2+(Mn2+,Y,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn2+)2(Ti4+,Fe3+,Cr3+,V5+)18(O,OH)38","Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38","Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)_2_(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)_18_(O,OH)_38_","Pb^2+^(Mn^2+^,Y,U^6+^)(Fe^2+^,Zn^2+^)_2_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Cr^3+^,V^5+^)_18_(O,OH)_38_","Pb Mn Y U Fe Zn Ti Cr V O H"," "," ",4037,"Crichtonite","hexagonal","R3","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Y U^6+ Fe^2+ Zn^2+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Cr^3+ V^5+ O H","Sna","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Senandorite","Senandorite","Ag1+Pb2+Sb3+3S2-6","AgPbSb3S6","AgPbSb_3_S_6_","Ag^1+^Pb^2+^Sb^3+^_3_S^2-^_6_","Ag Pb Sb S","IMA2022 s.p."," ",884,"Lillianite","orthorhombic","Pn21a, Bbmm","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ado VI","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Senarmontite","Senarmontite","Sb3+2O3","Sb2O3","Sb_2_O_3_","Sb^3+^_2_O_3_","Sb O"," "," ",4038,"Arsenolite","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Sb^3+ O","Sen","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Senegalite","Senegalite","Al2PO4(OH)3·H2O","Al2(PO4)(OH)3·H2O","Al_2_(PO_4_)(OH)_3_·H_2_O","Al_2_PO_4_(OH)_3_·H_2_O","Al P O H","IMA1975-004"," ",4039," ","orthorhombic","P21nb","Al P O H","Sng","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sengierite","Sengierite","Cu2+2(U6+O2)2(V5+O4)2(OH)2·6H2O","Cu2(UO2)2(VO4)2(OH)2·6H2O","Cu_2_(UO_2_)_2_(VO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Cu^2+^_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Cu U O V H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",4040,"Sengierite","monoclinic","P21/a","Cu^2+ U^6+ O V^5+ H","Sgi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Senkevichite","Senkevichite","CsKNaCa2Ti4+OSi7O18(OH)","CsNaKCa2TiOSi7O18(OH)","CsNaKCa_2_TiOSi_7_O_18_(OH)","CsKNaCa_2_Ti^4+^OSi_7_O_18_(OH)","Cs Na K Ca Ti O Si H","IMA2004-017"," ",5277," ","triclinic","P1","Cs K Na Ca Ti^4+ O Si H","Sev","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Sepiolite","Sepiolite","Mg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O","Mg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O","Mg_4_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Mg_4_Si_6_O_15_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Mg Si O H"," "," ",4041,"Sepiolite, Clay","orthorhombic","Pncn","Mg Si O H","Sep","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Serandite","Serandite","NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH)","NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH)","NaMn^2+^_2_Si_3_O_8_(OH)","NaMn^2+^_2_Si_3_O_8_(OH)","Na Mn Si O H"," "," ",4883,"Pectolite","triclinic","P1, C1","Na Mn^2+ Si O H","Srd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Serendibite","Serendibite","Ca4(Mg6Al6)O4[Si6B3Al3O36]","Ca4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]","Ca_4_[Mg_6_Al_6_]O_4_[Si_6_B_3_Al_3_O_36_]","Ca_4_(Mg_6_Al_6_)O_4_[Si_6_B_3_Al_3_O_36_]","Ca Mg Al O Si B"," "," ",4043,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg Al O Si B","Ser","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Sergeevite","Sergeevite","Ca2Mg11(CO3)9(HCO3)4(OH)4·6H2O","Ca2Mg11(CO3)9(HCO3)4(OH)4·6H2O","Ca_2_Mg_11_(CO_3_)_9_(HCO_3_)_4_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca_2_Mg_11_(CO_3_)_9_(HCO_3_)_4_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca Mg C O H","IMA1979-038"," ",4044," ","hexagonal",,"Ca Mg C O H","Sge","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sergevanite","Sergevanite","Na15(Ca3Mn2+3)(Na2Fe2+)Zr4+3Si26O72(OH)3·H2O","Na15(Ca3Mn3)(Na2Fe)Zr3Si26O72(OH)3·H2O","Na_15_(Ca_3_Mn_3_)(Na_2_Fe)Zr_3_Si_26_O_72_(OH)_3_·H_2_O","Na_15_(Ca_3_Mn^2+^_3_)(Na_2_Fe^2+^)Zr^4+^_3_Si_26_O_72_(OH)_3_·H_2_O","Na Ca Mn Fe Zr Si O H","IMA2019-057"," ",6945,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3","Na Ca Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Si O H","Sgv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Sergeysmirnovite","Sergeysmirnovite","MgZn2+2(PO4)2·4H2O","MgZn2(PO4)2·4H2O","MgZn_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","MgZn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Mg Zn P O H","IMA2021-033"," ",7143,"Hopeite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mg Zn^2+ P O H","Ssv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Serpierite","Serpierite","Ca(Cu2+,Zn2+)4(S6+O4)2(OH)6·3H2O","Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O","Ca(Cu,Zn)_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca(Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca Cu Zn S O H"," "," ",4045,"Devilline","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Cu^2+ Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Spe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Serrabrancaite","Serrabrancaite","Mn3+PO4·H2O","Mn(PO4)·H2O","Mn(PO_4_)·H_2_O","Mn^3+^PO_4_·H_2_O","Mn P O H","IMA1998-006"," ",4046,"Kieserite","monoclinic","C2/c","Mn^3+ P O H","Sra","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sewardite","Sewardite","CaFe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2","CaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2","CaFe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","CaFe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Ca Fe As O H","IMA2001-054"," ",4047,"Carminite","orthorhombic","Cccm","Ca Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Sew","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Shabaite-(Nd)","Shabaite-(Nd)","CaNd2(U6+O2)(CO3)4(OH)2·6H2O","CaNd2(UO2)(CO3)4(OH)2·6H2O","CaNd_2_(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","CaNd_2_(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Ca Nd U O C H","IMA1988-005"," ",4048," ","monoclinic",,"Ca Nd U^6+ O C H","Sbt-Nd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Shabynite","Shabynite","Mg5BO3(OH)5Cl2·4H2O","Mg5(BO3)(OH)5Cl2·4H2O","Mg_5_(BO_3_)(OH)_5_Cl_2_·4H_2_O","Mg_5_BO_3_(OH)_5_Cl_2_·4H_2_O","Mg B O H Cl","IMA1979-075"," ",4049," ",,,"Mg B O H Cl","Sby","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Shadlunite","Shadlunite","(Fe,Cu)8(Pb,Cd)S8","(Fe,Cu)8(Pb,Cd)S8","(Fe,Cu)_8_(Pb,Cd)S_8_","(Fe,Cu)_8_(Pb,Cd)S_8_","Fe Cu Pb Cd S","IMA1972-012"," ",4050,"Pentlandite","cubic",,"Fe Cu Pb Cd S","Slu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Shafranovskite","Shafranovskite","Na3K2(Mn2+,Fe3+,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2·nH2O","Na3K2(Mn,Fe,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2·nH2O","Na_3_K_2_(Mn,Fe,Na)_4_[Si_9_(O,OH)_27_](OH)_2_·nH_2_O","Na_3_K_2_(Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^,Na)_4_[Si_9_(O,OH)_27_](OH)_2_·nH_2_O","Na K Mn Fe Si O H","IMA1981-048"," ",4051," ","hexagonal","P31c","Na K Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Si O H","Sfn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Shagamite","Shagamite","KFe3+11O17","KFe11O17","KFe_11_O_17_","KFe^3+^_11_O_17_","K Fe O","IMA2020-091"," ",7106,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","K Fe^3+ O","Sgm","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Shakhdaraite-(Y)","Shakhdaraite-(Y)","ScYNb5+2O8","ScYNb2O8","ScYNb_2_O_8_","ScYNb^5+^_2_O_8_","Sc Y Nb O","IMA2020-024"," ",7034,"Columbite","monoclinic","P2/c","Sc Y Nb^5+ O","Skd-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Shakhovite","Shakhovite","Hg1+4Sb5+O3(OH)3","Hg1+4Sb5+O3(OH)3","Hg^1+^_4_Sb^5+^O_3_(OH)_3_","Hg^1+^_4_Sb^5+^O_3_(OH)_3_","Hg Sb O H","IMA1980-069"," ",4052," ","monoclinic","Im","Hg^1+ Sb^5+ O H","Sk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Shandite","Shandite","Pb2Ni3S2","Ni3Pb2S2","Ni_3_Pb_2_S_2_","Pb_2_Ni_3_S_2_","Ni Pb S"," "," ",4053," ","hexagonal","R3m","Pb Ni S","Snd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Shannonite","Shannonite","Pb2+2O(CO3)","Pb2O(CO3)","Pb_2_O(CO_3_)","Pb^2+^_2_O(CO_3_)","Pb O C","IMA1993-053"," ",4054," ","orthorhombic","P212121","Pb^2+ O C","Snn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Sharpite","Sharpite","Ca(U6+O2)3(CO3)4·3H2O","Ca(UO2)3(CO3)4·3H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_3_(CO_3_)_4_·3H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(CO_3_)_4_·3H_2_O","Ca U O C H"," "," ",4055," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca U^6+ O C H","Shp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sharyginite","Sharyginite","Ca3Ti4+Fe3+2O8","Ca3TiFe2O8","Ca_3_TiFe_2_O_8_","Ca_3_Ti^4+^Fe^3+^_2_O_8_","Ca Ti Fe O","IMA2017-014"," ",6655,"Brownmillerite, Perovskite","orthorhombic","Pmc21","Ca Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O","Syg","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Shasuite","Shasuite","CaNi2+3(P2O7)2","CaNi3(P2O7)2","CaNi_3_(P_2_O_7_)_2_","CaNi^2+^_3_(P_2_O_7_)_2_","Ca Ni P O","IMA2021-020"," ",7133," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Ni^2+ P O","Shs","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Shattuckite","Shattuckite","Cu2+5(SiO3)4(OH)2","Cu5(SiO3)4(OH)2","Cu_5_(SiO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^_5_(SiO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_","Cu Si O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4056," ","orthorhombic","Pcab","Cu^2+ Si O H","Sha","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Shcherbakovite","Shcherbakovite","K2NaTi4+2(Si4O12)O(OH)","K2NaTi2O(OH)Si4O12","K_2_NaTi_2_O(OH)Si_4_O_12_","K_2_NaTi^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)O(OH)","K Na Ti O H Si"," "," ",4057,"Batisite","orthorhombic","Imma","K Na Ti^4+ Si O H","Sbk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Shcherbinaite","Shcherbinaite","V5+2O5","V2O5","V_2_O_5_","V^5+^_2_O_5_","V O","IMA1971-021"," ",4058," ","orthorhombic","Pmn21, Pmmn","V^5+ O","Shc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Shchurovskyite","Shchurovskyite","K2CaCu2+6O2(As5+O4)4","K2CaCu6O2(AsO4)4","K_2_CaCu_6_O_2_(AsO_4_)_4_","K_2_CaCu^2+^_6_O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_","K Ca Cu O As","IMA2013-078"," ",6237,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2","K Ca Cu^2+ O As^5+","Svk","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Sheldrickite","Sheldrickite","NaCa3(CO3)2F3·H2O","NaCa3(CO3)2F3·H2O","NaCa_3_(CO_3_)_2_F_3_·H_2_O","NaCa_3_(CO_3_)_2_F_3_·H_2_O","Na Ca C O F H","IMA1996-019"," ",4059," ","hexagonal","P32","Na Ca C O F H","Sdk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Shenganfuite","Shenganfuite","Pb2+Te4+3O5(OH)Cl3(H2O)","PbTe4+3O5(OH)Cl3(H2O)","PbTe^4+^_3_O_5_(OH)Cl_3_(H_2_O)","Pb^2+^Te^4+^_3_O_5_(OH)Cl_3_(H_2_O)","Pb Te O H Cl","IMA2024-031"," ",7469,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Te^4+ O H Cl","Sgf",,"No" +"Shenzhuangite","Shenzhuangite","Ni2+Fe2+S2-2","NiFeS2","NiFeS_2_","Ni^2+^Fe^2+^S^2-^_2_","Ni Fe S","IMA2017-018"," ",6659,"Chalcopyrite","tetragonal","I42d","Ni^2+ Fe^2+ S^2-","Szh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Sherwoodite","Sherwoodite","Ca5.5(AlV4+V5+12O39)·28H2O","Ca5.5(AlV4+V5+12O39)·28H2O","Ca_5.5_(AlV^4+^V^5+^_12_O_39_)·28H_2_O","Ca_5.5_(AlV^4+^V^5+^_12_O_39_)·28H_2_O","Ca Al V O H"," "," ",4060," ","tetragonal","I41/amd","Ca Al V^4+ V^5+ O H","Swd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Shibkovite","Shibkovite","K2Ca2(Zn2+3Si12)O30","K2Ca2(Zn3Si12)O30","K_2_Ca_2_(Zn_3_Si_12_)O_30_","K_2_Ca_2_(Zn^2+^_3_Si_12_)O_30_","K Ca Zn Si O","IMA1997-018"," ",4061,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Ca Zn^2+ Si O","Sko","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Shigaite","Shigaite","Mn2+6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](S6+O4)2·6H2O","Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2·6H2O","Mn_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_[Na(H_2_O)_6_](SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Mn^2+^_6_Al_3_(OH)_18_[Na(H_2_O)_6_](S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Mn Al O H Na S","IMA1984-057"," ",4062,"Woodwardite, Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3","Mn^2+ Al O H Na S^6+","Sga","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Shijiangshanite","Shijiangshanite","Pb2+3CaAl(Si5O14)(OH)3·3H2O","Pb3CaAl(Si5O14)(OH)3·3H2O","Pb_3_CaAl(Si_5_O_14_)(OH)_3_·3H_2_O","Pb^2+^_3_CaAl(Si_5_O_14_)(OH)_3_·3H_2_O","Pb Ca Al Si O H","IMA2022-029"," ",7268,"Wickenburgite","hexagonal","R3c","Pb^2+ Ca Al Si O H","Sjs",,"No" +"Shilovite","Shilovite","Cu2+(N3-H3)4(N5+O3)2","Cu(NH3)4(NO3)2","Cu(NH_3_)_4_(NO_3_)_2_","Cu^2+^(N^3-^H_3_)_4_(N^5+^O_3_)_2_","Cu N H O","IMA2014-016"," ",6333," ","orthorhombic","Pnn2, Pnnm","Cu^2+ N^3- H N^5+ O","Shil","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Shimazakiite","Shimazakiite","Ca2B2O5","Ca2B2O5","Ca_2_B_2_O_5_","Ca_2_B_2_O_5_","Ca B O","IMA2010-085a"," ",5969,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic, orthorhombic","P21/c, P212121","Ca B O","Smz","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Shimenite","Shimenite","Tl1+5Sb3+21-yAs3+yS2-34 (9 ≤ y ≤ 10)","Tl5Sb21-yAsyS34 (9 ≤ y ≤ 10)","Tl_5_Sb_21-y_As_y_S_34_ (9 ≤ y ≤ 10)","Tl^1+^_5_Sb^3+^_21-y_As^3+^_y_S^2-^_34_ (9 ≤ y ≤ 10)","Tl Sb As S","IMA2019-069"," ",7169,"Chabournéite","triclinic","P1","Tl^1+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Shmn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases","No" +"Shinarumpite","Shinarumpite","[Co2+(H2O)6][(U6+O2)(S6+O4)2(H2O)]·4H2O","[Co(H2O)6][(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)]·4H2O","[Co(H_2_O)_6_][(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)]·4H_2_O","[Co^2+^(H_2_O)_6_][(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(H_2_O)]·4H_2_O","Co H O U S","IMA2021-105"," ",7207,"Leydetite","monoclinic","P21/c","Co^2+ H O U^6+ S^6+","Sru","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Shinichengite","Shinichengite","Ca5[BSi2O7(OH)2]2·6H2O","Ca5[BSi2O7(OH)2]2·6H2O","Ca_5_[BSi_2_O_7_(OH)_2_]_2_·6H_2_O","Ca_5_[BSi_2_O_7_(OH)_2_]_2_·6H_2_O","Ca B Si O H","IMA2023-026"," ",7382," ","triclinic","P1","Ca B Si O H","Shnc",,"No" +"Shinkolobweite","Shinkolobweite","Pb2+1.33[U5+O(OH)(U6+O2)5O4.67(OH)5.33](H2O)5","Pb1.33[U5+O(OH)(U6+O2)5O4.67(OH)5.33](H2O)5","Pb_1.33_[U^5+^O(OH)(U^6+^O_2_)_5_O_4.67_(OH)_5.33_](H_2_O)_5_","Pb^2+^_1.33_[U^5+^O(OH)(U^6+^O_2_)_5_O_4.67_(OH)_5.33_](H_2_O)_5_","Pb U O H","IMA2016-095"," ",6622,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Imm2","Pb^2+ U^5+ O H U^6+","Skw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Shiranuiite","Shiranuiite","Cu1+(Rh3+Rh4+)S2-4","Cu1+(Rh3+Rh4+)S4","Cu^1+^(Rh^3+^Rh^4+^)S_4_","Cu^1+^(Rh^3+^Rh^4+^)S^2-^_4_","Cu Rh S","IMA2023-072a"," ",7459,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Cu^1+ Rh^3+ Rh^4+ S^2-","Sir",,"No" +"Shirokshinite","Shirokshinite","K(Mg2Na)Si4O10F2","K(Mg2Na)Si4O10F2","K(Mg_2_Na)Si_4_O_10_F_2_","K(Mg_2_Na)Si_4_O_10_F_2_","K Mg Na Si O F","IMA2001-063"," ",4063," ","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mg Na Si O F","Shk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Shirozulite","Shirozulite","KMn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","KMn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","KMn^2+^_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","KMn^2+^_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","K Mn Si Al O H","IMA2001-045"," ",5163," ","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mn^2+ Si Al O H","Szu","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Shkatulkalite","Shkatulkalite","Na2Nb5+2Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2O2(FO)(H2O)4(H2O)3","Na2Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(FO)(H2O)4(H2O)3","Na_2_Nb_2_Na_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(FO)(H_2_O)_4_(H_2_O)_3_","Na_2_Nb^5+^_2_Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(FO)(H_2_O)_4_(H_2_O)_3_","Na Nb Ti Si O F H","IMA1993-058"," ",4064,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","monoclinic",,"Na Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O F H","Skk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Shlykovite","Shlykovite","KCa[Si4O9(OH)]·3H2O","KCa[Si4O9(OH)]·3H2O","KCa[Si_4_O_9_(OH)]·3H_2_O","KCa[Si_4_O_9_(OH)]·3H_2_O","K Ca Si O H","IMA2008-062"," ",5722," ","monoclinic","P21/c","K Ca Si O H","Skv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Shojiite","Shojiite","Na(NaMg)Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","Na(NaMg)Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","Na(NaMg)Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na(NaMg)Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Mg Si O H","IMA2024-023a"," ",7599,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Mg Si O H","Shj",,"No" +"Shomiokite-(Y)","Shomiokite-(Y)","Na3Y(CO3)3·3H2O","Na3Y(CO3)3·3H2O","Na_3_Y(CO_3_)_3_·3H_2_O","Na_3_Y(CO_3_)_3_·3H_2_O","Na Y C O H","IMA1990-015"," ",4065," ","orthorhombic","Pbn21, Pna21","Na Y C O H","Shom-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Shortite","Shortite","Na2Ca2(CO3)3","Na2Ca2(CO3)3","Na_2_Ca_2_(CO_3_)_3_","Na_2_Ca_2_(CO_3_)_3_","Na Ca C O"," "," ",4066," ","orthorhombic","Amm2","Na Ca C O","Sot","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Shosanbetsuite","Shosanbetsuite","Ag3Sn","Ag3Sn","Ag_3_Sn","Ag_3_Sn","Ag Sn","IMA2018-162"," ",6887," ","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Ag Sn","Ssb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Shuangfengite","Shuangfengite","Ir4+Te2-2","IrTe2","IrTe_2_","Ir^4+^Te^2-^_2_","Ir Te","IMA1993-018"," ",4067,"Melonite","hexagonal","P3m1","Ir^4+ Te^2-","Sfg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Shubnikovite","Shubnikovite","Ca2Cu2+8(As5+O4)6Cl(OH)·7H2O","Ca2Cu8(AsO4)6Cl(OH)·7H2O (?)","Ca_2_Cu_8_(AsO_4_)_6_Cl(OH)·7H_2_O (?)","Ca_2_Cu^2+^_8_(As^5+^O_4_)_6_Cl(OH)·7H_2_O","Ca Cu As O Cl H"," "," ",5104," ",,,"Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O Cl H","Snk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Shuiskite-(Cr)","Shuiskite-(Cr)","Ca2Cr3+Cr3+2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH)](OH)2O","Ca2CrCr2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH)](OH)2O","Ca_2_CrCr_2_[SiO_4_][Si_2_O_6_(OH)](OH)_2_O","Ca_2_Cr^3+^Cr^3+^_2_[SiO_4_][Si_2_O_6_(OH)](OH)_2_O","Ca Cr Si O H","IMA2019-117"," ",7001,"Pumpellyite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Cr^3+ Si O H","Sui-Cr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Shuiskite-(Mg)","Shuiskite-(Mg)","Ca2MgCr3+2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O","Ca2MgCr2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2·H2O","Ca_2_MgCr_2_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_2_MgCr^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Mg Cr Si O H","IMA1980-061"," ",4068,"Pumpellyite","monoclinic",,"Ca Mg Cr^3+ Si O H","Sui-Mg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Shulamitite","Shulamitite","Ca3Ti4+Fe3+AlO8","Ca3TiFe3+AlO8","Ca_3_TiFe^3+^AlO_8_","Ca_3_Ti^4+^Fe^3+^AlO_8_","Ca Ti Fe Al O","IMA2011-016"," ",5945,"Perovskite, Brownmillerite","orthorhombic","Pmma","Ca Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Al O","Sla","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Shumwayite","Shumwayite","(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)2·5H2O","[(UO2)(SO4)(H2O)2]2·H2O","[(UO_2_)(SO_4_)(H_2_O)_2_]_2_·H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·5H_2_O","U O S H","IMA2015-058"," ",6458,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","U^6+ O S^6+ H","Smw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Shuvalovite","Shuvalovite","K2(Ca2Na)(S6+O4)3F","K2(Ca2Na)(SO4)3F","K_2_(Ca_2_Na)(SO_4_)_3_F","K_2_(Ca_2_Na)(S^6+^O_4_)_3_F","K Ca Na S O F","IMA2014-057"," ",6354,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","K Ca Na S^6+ O F","Svv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Sibirskite","Sibirskite","CaHBO3","CaH(BO3)","CaH(BO_3_)","CaHBO_3_","Ca H B O"," "," ",4069," ","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Ca H B O","Sib","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Sicherite","Sicherite","Tl1+Ag1+2(As3+,Sb3+)3S2-6","TlAg2(As,Sb)3S6","TlAg_2_(As,Sb)_3_S_6_","Tl^1+^Ag^1+^_2_(As^3+^,Sb^3+^)_3_S^2-^_6_","Tl Ag As Sb S","IMA1997-051"," ",4070," ","orthorhombic","Pmnb","Tl^1+ Ag^1+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Sic","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Siderazot","Siderazot","Fe3N1.33","Fe3N1.33","Fe_3_N_1.33_","Fe_3_N_1.33_","Fe N","IMA2021 s.p."," ",4072," ","hexagonal","P312, P6322","Fe N","Saz","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Siderite","Siderite","Fe2+CO3","Fe(CO3)","Fe(CO_3_)","Fe^2+^CO_3_","Fe C O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4073,"Calcite","hexagonal","R3c","Fe^2+ C O","Sd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere, PM44 - Anoxic microbially-mediated minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Sideronatrite","Sideronatrite","Na2Fe3+(S6+O4)2(OH)·3H2O","Na2Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)·3H2O","Na_2_Fe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_(OH)·3H_2_O","Na_2_Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·3H_2_O","Na Fe S O H"," "," ",4074," ","orthorhombic","Pbnm, P212121","Na Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Snat","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Siderophyllite","Siderophyllite","KFe2+2Al(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","KFe2+2Al(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2","KFe^2+^_2_Al(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","KFe^2+^_2_Al(Si_2_Al_2_)O_10_(OH)_2_","K Fe Al Si O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",4075,"Mica","monoclinic, hexagonal","C2, C2/m, P3112","K Fe^2+ Al Si O H","Sid","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Siderotil","Siderotil","Fe2+S6+O4·5H2O","Fe(SO4)·5H2O","Fe(SO_4_)·5H_2_O","Fe^2+^S^6+^O_4_·5H_2_O","Fe S O H","IMA1963 s.p."," ",4076,"Chalcanthite","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ S^6+ O H","Sdt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Sidorenkite","Sidorenkite","Na3Mn2+(PO4)(CO3)","Na3Mn(PO4)(CO3)","Na_3_Mn(PO_4_)(CO_3_)","Na_3_Mn^2+^(PO_4_)(CO_3_)","Na Mn P O C","IMA1978-013"," ",4077,"Bradleyite","monoclinic","P21/m","Na Mn^2+ P O C","Sdo","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Sidorovite","Sidorovite","PtFe3","PtFe3","PtFe_3_","PtFe_3_","Pt Fe","IMA2022-056"," ",7295,"Auricupride, Perovskite","cubic","Pm3m","Pt Fe","Sido",,"No" +"Sidpietersite","Sidpietersite","Pb2+4(S6+O3S2-)O2(OH)2","Pb2+4(S2O3)O2(OH)2","Pb^2+^_4_(S_2_O_3_)O_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)O_2_(OH)_2_","Pb S O H","IMA1998-036"," ",4078," ","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ S^6+ O S^2- H","Sdp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Sidwillite","Sidwillite","Mo6+O3·2H2O","MoO3·2H2O","MoO_3_·2H_2_O","Mo^6+^O_3_·2H_2_O","Mo O H","IMA1983-089"," ",4079," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Mo^6+ O H","Sdw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Siegenite","Siegenite","Co2+Ni3+2S2-4","CoNi2S4","CoNi_2_S_4_","Co^2+^Ni^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Co Ni S"," "," ",4080,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Co^2+ Ni^3+ S^2-","Seg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Sieleckiite","Sieleckiite","Cu2+3Al4(PO4)2(OH)12·2H2O","Cu3Al4(PO4)2(OH)12·2H2O","Cu_3_Al_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_Al_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O","Cu Al P O H","IMA1987-023"," ",4081," ","triclinic",,"Cu^2+ Al P O H","Sie","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sigismundite","Sigismundite","BaFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","BaFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2","BaFe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","BaFe^2+^(CaNa_2_)Fe^2+^_13_Al(PO_4_)_11_(PO_3_OH)(OH)_2_","Ba Fe Ca Na Al P O H","IMA1994-033, IMA2022 s.p."," ",4082,"Arrojadite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ba Fe^2+ Ca Na Al P O H","Sigm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Sigloite","Sigloite","Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3·7H2O","Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3·7H2O","Fe^3+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·7H_2_O","Fe^3+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·7H_2_O","Fe Al P O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4083,"Laueite","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ Al P O H","Sig","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sigogglinite","Sigogglinite","[Pb2+6Zn2+(OH)8](S6+O4)3·3H2O","[Pb6Zn(OH)8](SO4)3·3H2O","[Pb_6_Zn(OH)_8_](SO_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","[Pb^2+^_6_Zn^2+^(OH)_8_](S^6+^O_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Pb Zn O H S","IMA2024-069"," ",7521,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P2/n","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ O H S^6+","Sgog",,"No" +"Siidraite","Siidraite","Pb2+2Cu1+(OH)2I1-3","Pb2Cu(OH)2I3","Pb_2_Cu(OH)_2_I_3_","Pb^2+^_2_Cu^1+^(OH)_2_I^1-^_3_","Pb Cu O H I","IMA2016-039"," ",6567,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Fddd","Pb^2+ Cu^1+ O H I^1-","Sii","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Silesiaite","Silesiaite","Ca4Fe3+2Sn4+2(Si2O7)2(Si2O6OH)2","Ca4Fe3+2Sn2(Si2O7)2(Si2O6OH)2","Ca_4_Fe^3+^_2_Sn_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(Si_2_O_6_OH)_2_","Ca_4_Fe^3+^_2_Sn^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(Si_2_O_6_OH)_2_","Ca Fe Sn Si O H","IMA2017-064"," ",6698,"Kristiansenite","triclinic","C1","Ca Fe^3+ Sn^4+ Si O H","Ssa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Silhydrite","Silhydrite","Si3O6·H2O","Si3O6·H2O","Si_3_O_6_·H_2_O","Si_3_O_6_·H_2_O","Si O H","IMA1970-044"," ",4084," ","orthorhombic",,"Si O H","Shy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Silicocarnotite","Silicocarnotite","Ca5(PO4)2(SiO4)","Ca5[(PO4)(SiO4)](PO4)","Ca_5_[(PO_4_)(SiO_4_)](PO_4_)","Ca_5_(PO_4_)_2_(SiO_4_)","Ca P O Si","IMA2013-139"," ",6294,"Ternesite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca P O Si","Scnt","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Silicon","Silicon","Si","Si","Si","Si","Si","IMA1982-099"," ",4085,"Diamond","cubic, orthorhombic","Fd3m, Ia3, Imma","Si","Si","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM29 - Lightning-generated minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","Yes" +"Siligiite","Siligiite","[Pb2+(H2O)5(S6+O4)][Zn2+9(OH)18]","[Pb(H2O)5(SO4)][Zn9(OH)18]","[Pb(H_2_O)_5_(SO_4_)][Zn_9_(OH)_18_]","[Pb^2+^(H_2_O)_5_(S^6+^O_4_)][Zn^2+^_9_(OH)_18_]","Pb H O S Zn","IMA2023-117"," ",7464,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ H O S^6+ Zn^2+","Sigi",,"No" +"Silinaite","Silinaite","NaLiSi2O5·2H2O","NaLiSi2O5·2H2O","NaLiSi_2_O_5_·2H_2_O","NaLiSi_2_O_5_·2H_2_O","Na Li Si O H","IMA1990-028"," ",4086," ","monoclinic","A2/n","Na Li Si O H","Sln","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals","No" +"Sillénite","Sillenite","Bi3+12SiO20","Bi12SiO20","Bi_12_SiO_20_","Bi^3+^_12_SiO_20_","Bi Si O"," "," ",4087," ","cubic","I23","Bi^3+ Si O","Sén","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Sillimanite","Sillimanite","Al2OSiO4","Al2SiO5","Al_2_SiO_5_","Al_2_OSiO_4_","Al Si O"," "," ",4088,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Al O Si","Sil","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Silver","Silver","Ag","Ag","Ag","Ag","Ag"," "," ",4089,"Copper","cubic, hexagonal","Fm3m, P63/mmc","Ag","Ag","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","Yes" +"Silvialite","Silvialite","Ca4Al6Si6O24(S6+O4)","Ca4Al6Si6O24(SO4)","Ca_4_Al_6_Si_6_O_24_(SO_4_)","Ca_4_Al_6_Si_6_O_24_(S^6+^O_4_)","Ca Al Si O S","IMA1998-010"," ",4090,"Scapolite","tetragonal","I4/m","Ca Al Si O S^6+","Slv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Simferite","Simferite","LiMg(PO4)","LiMg(PO4)","LiMg(PO_4_)","LiMg(PO_4_)","Li Mg P O","IMA1989-016"," ",4091,"Olivine-Sarcopside","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Li Mg P O","Smf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Simmonsite","Simmonsite","Na2LiAlF6","Na2LiAlF6","Na_2_LiAlF_6_","Na_2_LiAlF_6_","Na Li Al F","IMA1997-045"," ",4092,"Perovskite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Li Al F","Sim","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Simonellite","Simonellite","C19H24","C19H24","C_19_H_24_","C_19_H_24_","C H","IMA2024-F"," ",4093," ","orthorhombic","Pnaa","C H","Sne","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Simonite","Simonite","Tl1+Hg2+As3+3S2-6","TlHgAs3S6","TlHgAs_3_S_6_","Tl^1+^Hg^2+^As^3+^_3_S^2-^_6_","Tl Hg As S","IMA1982-052"," ",4094," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Tl^1+ Hg^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Smo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Simonkolleite","Simonkolleite","Zn2+5(OH)8Cl2·H2O","Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O","Zn_5_(OH)_8_Cl_2_·H_2_O","Zn^2+^_5_(OH)_8_Cl_2_·H_2_O","Zn O H Cl","IMA1983-019"," ",4095," ","hexagonal","R3m","Zn^2+ O H Cl","Skl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Simplotite","Simplotite","CaV4+4O9·5H2O","CaV4+4O9·5H2O","CaV^4+^_4_O_9_·5H_2_O","CaV^4+^_4_O_9_·5H_2_O","Ca V O H"," "," ",4096," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca V^4+ O H","Spo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Simpsonite","Simpsonite","Al4Ta5+3O13(OH)","Al4Ta3O13(OH)","Al_4_Ta_3_O_13_(OH)","Al_4_Ta^5+^_3_O_13_(OH)","Al Ta O H"," "," ",4097," ","hexagonal","P3","Al Ta^5+ O H","Spn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Sincosite","Sincosite","Ca(V4+O)2(PO4)2·4H2O","Ca(VO)2(PO4)2·4H2O","Ca(VO)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca(V^4+^O)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca V O P H"," "," ",4098,"Meta-autunite","triclinic","P1","Ca V^4+ O P H","Scs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Sinhalite","Sinhalite","MgAlBO4","MgAl(BO4)","MgAl(BO_4_)","MgAlBO_4_","Mg Al B O"," "," ",4099,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Mg Al B O","Shl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Sinjarite","Sinjarite","CaCl2·2H2O","CaCl2·2H2O","CaCl_2_·2H_2_O","CaCl_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Cl H O","IMA1979-041"," ",4100," ","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Ca Cl H O","Snj","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Sinkankasite","Sinkankasite","Mn2+Al(PO3OH)2(OH)·6H2O","Mn2+Al(PO3OH)2(OH)·6H2O","Mn^2+^Al(PO_3_OH)_2_(OH)·6H_2_O","Mn^2+^Al(PO_3_OH)_2_(OH)·6H_2_O","Mn Al P O H","IMA1982-078"," ",4101," ","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Al P O H","Ska","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Sinnerite","Sinnerite","Cu1+6As3+4S2-9","Cu6As4S9","Cu_6_As_4_S_9_","Cu^1+^_6_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_9_","Cu As S","IMA1964-020"," ",4102," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Sin","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sinoite","Sinoite","Si2N3-2O","Si2N2O","Si_2_N_2_O","Si_2_N^3-^_2_O","Si N O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4103," ","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Si N^3- O","Sno","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Sitinakite","Sitinakite","KNa2Ti4+4Si2O13(OH)·4H2O","KNa2Ti4Si2O13(OH)·4H2O","KNa_2_Ti_4_Si_2_O_13_(OH)·4H_2_O","KNa_2_Ti^4+^_4_Si_2_O_13_(OH)·4H_2_O","K Na Ti Si O H","IMA1989-051"," ",4104," ","tetragonal","P42/mcm","K Na Ti^4+ Si O H","Sit","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Siudaite","Siudaite","Na8(Mn2+2Na)Ca6Fe3+3Zr4+3Nb5+Si25O74(OH)2Cl·5H2O","Na8(Mn2+2Na)Ca6Fe3+3Zr3NbSi25O74(OH)2Cl·5H2O","Na_8_(Mn^2+^_2_Na)Ca_6_Fe^3+^_3_Zr_3_NbSi_25_O_74_(OH)_2_Cl·5H_2_O","Na_8_(Mn^2+^_2_Na)Ca_6_Fe^3+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^Si_25_O_74_(OH)_2_Cl·5H_2_O","Na Mn Ca Fe Zr Nb Si O H Cl","IMA2017-092"," ",6718,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Mn^2+ Ca Fe^3+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H Cl","Siu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Siwaqaite","Siwaqaite","Ca6Al2(Cr6+O4)3(OH)12·26H2O","Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12·26H2O","Ca_6_Al_2_(CrO_4_)_3_(OH)_12_·26H_2_O","Ca_6_Al_2_(Cr^6+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_12_·26H_2_O","Ca Al Cr O H","IMA2018-150"," ",6873,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P31c","Ca Al Cr^6+ O H","Siw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Škáchaite","Skachaite","CaCo2+(CO3)2","CaCo(CO3)2","CaCo(CO_3_)_2_","CaCo^2+^(CO_3_)_2_","Ca Co C O","IMA2022-143"," ",7354,"Calcite-Dolomite","hexagonal","R3","Ca Co^2+ C O","Škác",,"No" +"Skaergaardite","Skaergaardite","PdCu","PdCu","PdCu","PdCu","Pd Cu","IMA2003-049"," ",5250,"Iron","cubic","Pm3m","Pd Cu","Skg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Skinnerite","Skinnerite","Cu1+3Sb3+S2-3","Cu3SbS3","Cu_3_SbS_3_","Cu^1+^_3_Sb^3+^S^2-^_3_","Cu Sb S","IMA1973-035"," ",4106," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ski","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Skippenite","Skippenite","Bi3+2Se2-2Te2-","Bi2Se2Te","Bi_2_Se_2_Te","Bi^3+^_2_Se^2-^_2_Te^2-^","Bi Se Te","IMA1986-033"," ",4107,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","R3m","Bi^3+ Se^2- Te^2-","Skp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sklodowskite","Sklodowskite","Mg(U6+O2)2(SiO3OH)2·6H2O","Mg(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·6H2O","Mg(UO_2_)_2_(SiO_3_OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(SiO_3_OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Mg U O Si H"," "," ",4108," ","monoclinic","I2/m, C2/m","Mg U^6+ O Si H","Sds","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Skogbyite","Skogbyite","Zr4+(Mg2Mn3+ 4)SiO12","Zr(Mg2Mn3+ 4)SiO12","Zr(Mg_2_Mn^3+^_ 4_)SiO_12_","Zr^4+^(Mg_2_Mn^3+^_ 4_)SiO_12_","Zr Mg Mn Si O","IMA2023-085"," ",7425,"Braunite","tetragonal","I41/acd","Zr^4+ Mg Mn^3+ Si O","Skb",,"No" +"Skorpionite","Skorpionite","Ca3Zn2+2(PO4)2CO3(OH)2·H2O","Ca3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2·H2O","Ca_3_Zn_2_(PO_4_)_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_3_Zn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_CO_3_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Zn P O C H","IMA2005-010"," ",5314," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Zn^2+ P O C H","Skr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Skutterudite","Skutterudite","Co3+As3","CoAs3","CoAs_3_","Co^3+^As_3_","Co As"," "," ",4109,"Skutterudite, Perovskite","cubic","Im3","Co^3+ As","Skt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Slavíkite","Slavikite","(H3O)1+3Mg6Fe3+15(S6+O4)21(OH)18·98H2O","(H3O)3Mg6Fe15(SO4)21(OH)18·98H2O","(H_3_O)_3_Mg_6_Fe_15_(SO_4_)_21_(OH)_18_·98H_2_O","(H_3_O)^1+^_3_Mg_6_Fe^3+^_15_(S^6+^O_4_)_21_(OH)_18_·98H_2_O","H O Mg Fe S","IMA2008 s.p."," ",4110,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3","H O Mg Fe^3+ S^6+","Sví","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Slavkovite","Slavkovite","Cu2+13(As5+O4)6(As5+O3OH)4·23H2O","Cu13(AsO4)6(AsO3OH)4·23H2O","Cu_13_(AsO_4_)_6_(AsO_3_OH)_4_·23H_2_O","Cu^2+^_13_(As^5+^O_4_)_6_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_4_·23H_2_O","Cu As O H","IMA2004-038"," ",5605," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Sav","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Slawsonite","Slawsonite","SrAl2Si2O8","Sr(Al2Si2O8)","Sr(Al_2_Si_2_O_8_)","SrAl_2_Si_2_O_8_","Sr Al Si O","IMA1967-026"," ",4111," ","monoclinic, triclinic","I2/c, P21/a, I1","Sr Al Si O","Sws","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Šlikite","Slikite","Zn2+2Mg(CO3)2(OH)2·4H2O","Zn2Mg(CO3)2(OH)2·4H2O","Zn_2_Mg(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^_2_Mg(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn Mg C O H","IMA2018-120"," ",6852,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ Mg C O H","Šlk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Slottaite","Slottaite","SrFe3+3(PO4)(S6+O4)(OH)6","SrFe3+3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6","SrFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)_6_","SrFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_6_","Sr Fe P O S H","IMA2024-051"," ",7504,"Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Sr Fe^3+ P O S^6+ H","Soi",,"No" +"Sluzhenikinite","Sluzhenikinite","Pd15(Sb7-xSnx); 3 ≤ x ≤ 4","Pd15(Sb7-xSnx); 3 ≤ x ≤ 4","Pd_15_(Sb_7-x_Sn_x_); 3 ≤ x ≤ 4","Pd_15_(Sb_7-x_Sn_x_); 3 ≤ x ≤ 4","Pd Sb Sn","IMA2020-089"," ",7104,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/m","Pd Sb Sn","Szhi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Slyudyankaite","Slyudyankaite","Na28Ca4(Si24Al24O96)(S6+O4)6(S6)1/3(CO2)·2H2O","Na28Ca4(Si24Al24O96)(SO4)6(S6)1/3(CO2)·2H2O","Na_28_Ca_4_(Si_24_Al_24_O_96_)(SO_4_)_6_(S_6_)_1/3_(CO_2_)·2H_2_O","Na_28_Ca_4_(Si_24_Al_24_O_96_)(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(S_6_)_1/3_(CO_2_)·2H_2_O","Na Ca Si Al O S C H","IMA2021-062a"," ",7188,"Sodalite","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Si Al O S^6+ S C H","Sdy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Smamite","Smamite","Ca2Sb5+(OH)4[H(As5+O4)2]·6H2O","Ca2Sb(OH)4[H(AsO4)2]·6H2O","Ca_2_Sb(OH)_4_[H(AsO_4_)_2_]·6H_2_O","Ca_2_Sb^5+^(OH)_4_[H(As^5+^O_4_)_2_]·6H_2_O","Ca Sb O H As","IMA2019-001"," ",6892,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Ca Sb^5+ O H As^5+","Smm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Smirnite","Smirnite","Bi3+2Te4+O5","Bi3+2Te4+O5","Bi^3+^_2_Te^4+^O_5_","Bi^3+^_2_Te^4+^O_5_","Bi Te O","IMA1982-104"," ",4112," ","orthorhombic","Abm2","Bi^3+ Te^4+ O","Smr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Smirnovskite","Smirnovskite","(Th4+,Ca)PO4·nH2O","(Th,Ca)(PO4)·nH2O","(Th,Ca)(PO_4_)·nH_2_O","(Th^4+^,Ca)PO_4_·nH_2_O","Th Ca P O H"," "," ",5480," ",,,"Th^4+ Ca P O H","Snv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Smithite","Smithite","Ag1+As3+S2-2","AgAsS2","AgAsS_2_","Ag^1+^As^3+^S^2-^_2_","Ag As S"," "," ",4113," ","monoclinic","A2/a","Ag^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Sth","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Smithsonite","Smithsonite","Zn2+CO3","Zn(CO3)","Zn(CO_3_)","Zn^2+^CO_3_","Zn C O"," "," ",4114,"Calcite","hexagonal","R3c","Zn^2+ C O","Smt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Smolyaninovite","Smolyaninovite","Co2+3Fe3+2(As5+O4)4·11H2O","Co3Fe3+2(AsO4)4·11H2O","Co_3_Fe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_4_·11H_2_O","Co^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_·11H_2_O","Co Fe As O H"," "," ",4115,"Smolyaninovite","orthorhombic",,"Co^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Sya","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Smrkovecite","Smrkovecite","Bi3+2O(OH)PO4","Bi2O(OH)(PO4)","Bi_2_O(OH)(PO_4_)","Bi^3+^_2_O(OH)PO_4_","Bi O H P","IMA1993-040"," ",4116,"Atelestite","monoclinic","P2/c","Bi^3+ O H P","Skc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Smythite","Smythite","(Fe2+,Fe3+,Ni)3-3.3S4","(Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x ≈ 0-0.3)","(Fe,Ni)_3+x_S_4_ (x ≈ 0-0.3)","(Fe^2+^,Fe^3+^,Ni)_3-3.3_S_4_","Fe Ni S"," "," ",4117," ","hexagonal","R3m","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Ni S","Syt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sobolevite","Sobolevite","Na6(Na2Ca)(NaCaMn2+)Na2Ti4+2Na2(Ti4+Mn2+)(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O2(OF)F2","Na6(Na2Ca)(NaCaMn)Na2Ti2Na2(TiMn)(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O2(OF)F2","Na_6_(Na_2_Ca)(NaCaMn)Na_2_Ti_2_Na_2_(TiMn)(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_4_O_2_(OF)F_2_","Na_6_(Na_2_Ca)(NaCaMn^2+^)Na_2_Ti^4+^_2_Na_2_(Ti^4+^Mn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_4_O_2_(OF)F_2_","Na Ca Mn Ti Si O P F","IMA1982-042"," ",4118,"Seidozerite-Murmanite","monoclinic","Pc","Na Ca Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O P F","Sob","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Sobolevskite","Sobolevskite","PdBi","PdBi","PdBi","PdBi","Pd Bi","IMA1973-042"," ",4119,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Pd Bi","Sov","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Sodalite","Sodalite","Na4Si3Al3O12Cl","Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl","Na_4_(Si_3_Al_3_)O_12_Cl","Na_4_Si_3_Al_3_O_12_Cl","Na Si Al O Cl"," "," ",4121,"Cancrinite-sodalite, Sodalite","cubic","P43n, Pm3n, P43m","Na Si Al O Cl","Sdl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Soddyite","Soddyite","(U6+O2)2SiO4(H2O)2","(UO2)2(SiO4)(H2O)2","(UO_2_)_2_(SiO_4_)(H_2_O)_2_","(U^6+^O_2_)_2_SiO_4_(H_2_O)_2_","U O Si H"," "," ",4122," ","orthorhombic","Fddd","U^6+ O Si H","Sod","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sofiite","Sofiite","Zn2+2(Se4+O3)Cl2","Zn2(Se4+O3)Cl2","Zn_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)Cl_2_","Zn^2+^_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)Cl_2_","Zn Se O Cl","IMA1987-028"," ",4143," ","orthorhombic","Pccn","Zn^2+ Se^4+ O Cl","Sof","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Sogdianite","Sogdianite","KZr4+2(Li3Si12)O30","KZr2Li3Si12O30","KZr_2_Li_3_Si_12_O_30_","KZr^4+^_2_(Li_3_Si_12_)O_30_","K Zr Li Si O","IMA1971 s.p."," ",4137,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Zr^4+ Li Si O","Sog","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Söhngeite","Sohngeite","Ga(OH)3","Ga(OH)3","Ga(OH)_3_","Ga(OH)_3_","Ga O H","IMA1965-022"," ",4138,"Perovskite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","Ga O H","Söh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sokolovaite","Sokolovaite","CsLi2AlSi4O10F2","CsLi2AlSi4O10F2","CsLi_2_AlSi_4_O_10_F_2_","CsLi_2_AlSi_4_O_10_F_2_","Cs Li Al Si O F","IMA2004-012"," ",5272,"Mica","monoclinic",,"Cs Li Al Si O F","Sok","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Solongoite","Solongoite","Ca2B3O4(OH)4Cl","Ca2B3O4(OH)4Cl","Ca_2_B_3_O_4_(OH)_4_Cl","Ca_2_B_3_O_4_(OH)_4_Cl","Ca B O H Cl","IMA1973-017"," ",4139," ","monoclinic","P21/b","Ca B O H Cl","Sol","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Somersetite","Somersetite","Pb2+8O(OH)4(CO3)5","Pb8O(OH)4(CO3)5","Pb_8_O(OH)_4_(CO_3_)_5_","Pb^2+^_8_O(OH)_4_(CO_3_)_5_","Pb O H C","IMA2017-024"," ",6664,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Pb^2+ O H C","Sse","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sonolite","Sonolite","Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2","Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2","Mn^2+^_9_(SiO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^_9_(SiO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Mn Si O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4140,"Humite","monoclinic","P21/b","Mn^2+ Si O H","Snl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Sonoraite","Sonoraite","Fe3+Te4+O3(OH)·H2O","Fe3+(Te4+O3)(OH)·H2O","Fe^3+^(Te^4+^O_3_)(OH)·H_2_O","Fe^3+^Te^4+^O_3_(OH)·H_2_O","Fe Te O H","IMA1968-001"," ",4141," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^3+ Te^4+ O H","Son","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sopcheite","Sopcheite","Ag4Pd3Te4","Ag4Pd3Te4","Ag_4_Pd_3_Te_4_","Ag_4_Pd_3_Te_4_","Ag Pd Te","IMA1980-101"," ",4142," ","orthorhombic",,"Ag Pd Te","Sop","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Sorbyite","Sorbyite","Cu1+Pb2+9(Sb3+,As3+)11S2-26","Pb9Cu(Sb,As)11S26","Pb_9_Cu(Sb,As)_11_S_26_","Cu^1+^Pb^2+^_9_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_11_S^2-^_26_","Pb Cu Sb As S","IMA1966-032"," ",4144,"Madocite","monoclinic",,"Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Srb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sørensenite","Sorensenite","Na4Be2Sn4+(Si3O9)2·2H2O","Na4Be2Sn(Si3O9)2·2H2O","Na_4_Be_2_Sn(Si_3_O_9_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na_4_Be_2_Sn^4+^(Si_3_O_9_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na Be Sn Si O H","IMA1965-006"," ",4145," ","monoclinic","Cc","Na Be Sn^4+ Si O H","Sør","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Sorosite","Sorosite","Cu1.1-1.2(Sn,Sb)","Cu1+x(Sn,Sb)","Cu_1+x_(Sn,Sb)","Cu_1.1-1.2_(Sn,Sb)","Cu Sn Sb","IMA1994-047"," ",4146,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63mc, P63/mmc","Cu Sn Sb","Sor","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sosedkoite","Sosedkoite","K5Al2Ta22O60","K5Al2Ta22O60","K_5_Al_2_Ta_22_O_60_","K_5_Al_2_Ta_22_O_60_","K Al Ta O","IMA1981-014"," ",4147," ","orthorhombic",,"K Al Ta O","Sos","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Součekite","Soucekite","Cu1+Pb2+Bi3+(S2-,Se2-)3","CuPbBi(S,Se)3","CuPbBi(S,Se)_3_","Cu^1+^Pb^2+^Bi^3+^(S^2-^,Se^2-^)_3_","Cu Pb Bi S Se","IMA1976-017"," ",4148,"Bournonite","orthorhombic","Pn21m","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2- Se^2-","Sče","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Souzalite","Souzalite","Mg3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","Mg3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O","Mg_3_Al_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Mg_3_Al_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Mg Al P O H"," "," ",4149,"Souzalite","triclinic","P1","Mg Al P O H","Sou","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Spadaite","Spadaite","MgSiO2(OH)2·H2O","MgSiO2(OH)2·H2O (?)","MgSiO_2_(OH)_2_·H_2_O (?)","MgSiO_2_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Mg Si O H"," "," ",5106," ",,,"Mg Si O H","Spa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Spaltiite","Spaltiite","Tl1+2Cu1+2As3+2S2-5","Tl2Cu2As2S5","Tl_2_Cu_2_As_2_S_5_","Tl^1+^_2_Cu^1+^_2_As^3+^_2_S^2-^_5_","Tl Cu As S","IMA2014-012"," ",6305," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Tl^1+ Cu^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Spti","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Spangolite","Spangolite","Cu2+6AlS6+O4(OH)12Cl·3H2O","Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl·3H2O","Cu_6_Al(SO_4_)(OH)_12_Cl·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_AlS^6+^O_4_(OH)_12_Cl·3H_2_O","Cu Al S O H Cl"," "," ",4150,"Spangolite","hexagonal","P31c","Cu^2+ Al S^6+ O H Cl","Spg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Spencerite","Spencerite","Zn2+4(PO4)2(OH)2·3H2O","Zn4(PO4)2(OH)2·3H2O","Zn_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Zn^2+^_4_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Zn P O H"," "," ",4151," ","monoclinic","P2/c","Zn^2+ P O H","Scrt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sperlingite","Sperlingite","(H2O)K(Mn2+Fe3+)(Al2Ti4+)(PO4)4[O(OH)][(H2O)9(OH)]·4H2O","(H2O)K(Mn2+Fe3+)(Al2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)][(H2O)9(OH)]·4H2O","(H_2_O)K(Mn^2+^Fe^3+^)(Al_2_Ti)(PO_4_)_4_[O(OH)][(H_2_O)_9_(OH)]·4H_2_O","(H_2_O)K(Mn^2+^Fe^3+^)(Al_2_Ti^4+^)(PO_4_)_4_[O(OH)][(H_2_O)_9_(OH)]·4H_2_O","H O K Mn Fe Al Ti P","IMA2023-120"," ",7466,"Paulkerrite","monoclinic","P21/c","H O K Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Al Ti^4+ P","Sper",,"No" +"Sperrylite","Sperrylite","PtAs2","PtAs2","PtAs_2_","PtAs_2_","Pt As"," "," ",4152,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Pt As","Spy","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Spertiniite","Spertiniite","Cu2+(OH)2","Cu(OH)2","Cu(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^(OH)_2_","Cu O H","IMA1980-033"," ",4153," ","orthorhombic","Cmc21, Bbmm","Cu^2+ O H","Sni","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Spessartine","Spessartine","Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3","Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3","Mn^2+^_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Mn^2+^_3_Al_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Mn Al Si O"," "," ",4154,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d, Ia3d","Mn^2+ Al Si O","Sps","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Sphaerobertrandite","Sphaerobertrandite","Be3SiO4(OH)2","Be3(SiO4)(OH)2","Be_3_(SiO_4_)(OH)_2_","Be_3_SiO_4_(OH)_2_","Be Si O H","IMA2003 s.p."," ",4155," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Be Si O H","Sbtd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Sphaerobismoite","Sphaerobismoite","Bi3+2O3","Bi2O3","Bi_2_O_3_","Bi^3+^_2_O_3_","Bi O","IMA1993-009"," ",4156," ","tetragonal","P421c, P4b2, C42b","Bi^3+ O","Sbm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Sphalerite","Sphalerite","Zn2+S2-","ZnS","ZnS","Zn^2+^S^2-^","Zn S","IMA1980 s.p."," ",4158,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","Zn^2+ S^2-","Sp","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Spheniscidite","Spheniscidite","(N3-H4)Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O","(NH4)Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O","(NH_4_)Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O","N H Fe P O","IMA1977-029"," ",4159,"Leucophosphite","monoclinic","P21/n","N^3- H Fe^3+ P O","Snc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Spherocobaltite","Spherocobaltite","Co2+CO3","Co(CO3)","Co(CO_3_)","Co^2+^CO_3_","Co C O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4157," ","hexagonal","R3c","Co^2+ C O","Scbt","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Spinel","Spinel","MgAl2O4","MgAl2O4","MgAl_2_O_4_","MgAl_2_O_4_","Mg Al O"," "," ",4160,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Mg Al O","Spl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Spionkopite","Spionkopite","Cu1.32S","Cu39S28","Cu_39_S_28_","Cu_1.32_S","Cu S","IMA1978-023"," ",4161," ",,,"Cu S","Spi","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Spiridonovite","Spiridonovite","(Cu1+1-xAg1+x)2Te2-, (x≈0.4)","(Cu1-xAgx)2Te, (x≈0.4)","(Cu_1-x_Ag_x_)_2_Te, (x≈0.4)","(Cu^1+^_1-x_Ag^1+^_x_)_2_Te^2-^, (x≈0.4)","Cu Ag Te","IMA2018-136"," ",6824,"Fluorite","hexagonal","P3c1","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Te^2-","Srv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Spiroffite","Spiroffite","Mn2+2Te4+3O8","Mn2+2Te4+3O8","Mn^2+^_2_Te^4+^_3_O_8_","Mn^2+^_2_Te^4+^_3_O_8_","Mn Te O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4162," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Mn^2+ Te^4+ O","Spf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Spodumene","Spodumene","LiAlSi2O6","LiAlSi2O6","LiAlSi_2_O_6_","LiAlSi_2_O_6_","Li Al Si O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4164,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Li Al Si O","Spd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Spriggite","Spriggite","Pb2+3(U6+O2)6O8(OH)2·3H2O","Pb3(UO2)6O8(OH)2·3H2O","Pb_3_(UO_2_)_6_O_8_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Pb^2+^_3_(U^6+^O_2_)_6_O_8_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Pb U O H","IMA2002-014"," ",5168," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ U^6+ O H","Sgg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Springcreekite","Springcreekite","BaV3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","BaV3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6","BaV^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","BaV^3+^_3_(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)_6_","Ba V P O H","IMA1998-048"," ",4165,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba V^3+ P O H","Sck","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Spryite","Spryite","Ag1+8(As3+0.5As5+0.5)S2-6","Ag8(As3+0.5As5+0.5)S6","Ag_8_(As^3+^_0.5_As^5+^_0.5_)S_6_","Ag^1+^_8_(As^3+^_0.5_As^5+^_0.5_)S^2-^_6_","Ag As S","IMA2015-116"," ",6514,"Argyrodite","orthorhombic","Pna21","Ag^1+ As^3+ As^5+ S^2-","Syi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Spurrite","Spurrite","Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3)","Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3)","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(CO_3_)","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(CO_3_)","Ca Si O C"," "," ",4166,"Spurrite-Afwillite","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Si O C","Spu","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Srebrodolskite","Srebrodolskite","Ca2Fe3+2O5","Ca2Fe3+2O5","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_2_O_5_","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_2_O_5_","Ca Fe O","IMA1984-050"," ",4167,"Brownmillerite, Perovskite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pcmn","Ca Fe^3+ O","Sre","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Šreinite","Sreinite","Pb2+(U6+O2)4(Bi3+O)3(PO4)2(OH)7·4H2O","Pb(UO2)4(BiO)3(PO4)2(OH)7·4H2O","Pb(UO_2_)_4_(BiO)_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_7_·4H_2_O","Pb^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(Bi^3+^O)_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_7_·4H_2_O","Pb U O Bi P H","IMA2004-022"," ",5581," ","cubic",,"Pb^2+ U^6+ O Bi^3+ P H","Šrn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Srilankite","Srilankite","Ti4+O2","TiO2","TiO_2_","Ti^4+^O_2_","Ti O","IMA1982-056, IMA2022 s.p."," ",4168,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Ti^4+ O","Sri","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Stalderite","Stalderite","Tl1+Cu1+(Zn2+,Fe2+,Hg2+)2As3+2S2-6","TlCu(Zn,Fe,Hg)2As2S6","TlCu(Zn,Fe,Hg)_2_As_2_S_6_","Tl^1+^Cu^1+^(Zn^2+^,Fe^2+^,Hg^2+^)_2_As^3+^_2_S^2-^_6_","Tl Cu Zn Fe Hg As S","IMA1987-024"," ",4169,"Routhierite","tetragonal","I42m","Tl^1+ Cu^1+ Zn^2+ Fe^2+ Hg^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Sld","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Staněkite","Stanekite","Fe3+Mn2+O(PO4)","Fe3+Mn2+O(PO4)","Fe^3+^Mn^2+^O(PO_4_)","Fe^3+^Mn^2+^O(PO_4_)","Fe Mn O P","IMA1994-045"," ",4170,"Wagnerite","monoclinic","I2/a","Fe^3+ Mn^2+ O P","Stk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Stanevansite","Stanevansite","Mg(C2H3O3)1-2·2H2O","Mg(C2H3O3)2·2H2O","Mg(C_2_H_3_O_3_)_2_·2H_2_O","Mg(C_2_H_3_O_3_)^1-^_2_·2H_2_O","Mg C H O","IMA2022-085"," ",7238,"Glycolate, Stanevansite","monoclinic",,"Mg C H O","Ses","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Stanfieldite","Stanfieldite","Ca4Mg5(PO4)6","Ca4Mg5(PO4)6","Ca_4_Mg_5_(PO_4_)_6_","Ca_4_Mg_5_(PO_4_)_6_","Ca Mg P O","IMA1966-045"," ",4171," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Mg P O","Stf","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Stangersite","Stangersite","Sn2+Ge4+S2-3","SnGeS3","SnGeS_3_","Sn^2+^Ge^4+^S^2-^_3_","Sn Ge S","IMA2019-092"," ",6986," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Sn^2+ Ge^4+ S^2-","Sgs","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Stankeithite","Stankeithite","Mn2+Mn2+Te4+4O10","MnMnTe4+4O10","MnMnTe^4+^_4_O_10_","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Te^4+^_4_O_10_","Mn Te O","IMA2024-049"," ",7447,"Denningite","tetragonal","P42/nbc","Mn^2+ Te^4+ O","Stnk",,"No" +"Stanleyite","Stanleyite","V4+O(S6+O4)·6H2O","V4+O(SO4)·6H2O","V^4+^O(SO_4_)·6H_2_O","V^4+^O(S^6+^O_4_)·6H_2_O","V O S H","IMA1980-042"," ",5107," ","orthorhombic",,"V^4+ O S^6+ H","Stl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stannite","Stannite","Cu1+2Fe2+Sn4+S2-4","Cu2FeSnS4","Cu_2_FeSnS_4_","Cu^1+^_2_Fe^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Fe Sn S"," "," ",4172,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I42m","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Stn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Stannoidite","Stannoidite","Cu1+8Fe3+2(Fe2+,Zn2+)Sn4+2S2-12","Cu8(Fe,Zn)3Sn2S12","Cu_8_(Fe,Zn)_3_Sn_2_S_12_","Cu^1+^_8_Fe^3+^_2_(Fe^2+^,Zn^2+^)Sn^4+^_2_S^2-^_12_","Cu Fe Zn Sn S","IMA1968-004a"," ",4173,"Stannoidite","orthorhombic","I222","Cu^1+ Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Zn^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Sta","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Stannopalladinite","Stannopalladinite","(Pd,Cu)3Sn","(Pd,Cu)3Sn","(Pd,Cu)_3_Sn","(Pd,Cu)_3_Sn","Pd Cu Sn"," "," ",5108," ","orthorhombic",,"Pd Cu Sn","Spdn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Starkeyite","Starkeyite","MgS6+O4·4H2O","Mg(SO4)·4H2O","Mg(SO_4_)·4H_2_O","MgS^6+^O_4_·4H_2_O","Mg S O H","IMA1970-014a"," ",4175,"Starkeyite","monoclinic","P21/n","Mg S^6+ O H","Ske","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Staročeskéite","Staroceskeite","Ag1+0.70Pb2+1.60(Bi3+1.35Sb3+1.35)S2-6","Ag0.70Pb1.60(Bi1.35Sb1.35)Σ2.70S6","Ag_0.70_Pb_1.60_(Bi_1.35_Sb_1.35_)_Σ2.70_S_6_","Ag^1+^_0.70_Pb^2+^_1.60_(Bi^3+^_1.35_Sb^3+^_1.35_)S^2-^_6_","Ag Pb Bi Sb S","IMA2016-101"," ",6628,"Lillianite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Sčk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Starovaite","Starovaite","KCu2+5O(V5+O4)3","KCu5O(VO4)3","KCu_5_O(VO_4_)_3_","KCu^2+^_5_O(V^5+^O_4_)_3_","K Cu O V","IMA2011-085"," ",6028," ","triclinic","P1","K Cu^2+ O V^5+","Sro","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Staurolite","Staurolite","Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)","Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)","Fe^2+^_2_Al_9_Si_4_O_23_(OH)","Fe^2+^_2_Al_9_Si_4_O_23_(OH)","Fe Al Si O H"," "," ",4176,"Staurolite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","C2/m, Ccmm","Fe^2+ Al Si O H","St","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Stavelotite-(La)","Stavelotite-(La)","La3Mn2+3Cu2+(Mn3+,Fe3+,Mn4+)26(Si2O7)6O30","La3Mn2+3Cu2+(Mn3+,Fe3+,Mn4+)26(Si2O7)6O30","La_3_Mn^2+^_3_Cu^2+^(Mn^3+^,Fe^3+^,Mn^4+^)_26_(Si_2_O_7_)_6_O_30_","La_3_Mn^2+^_3_Cu^2+^(Mn^3+^,Fe^3+^,Mn^4+^)_26_(Si_2_O_7_)_6_O_30_","La Mn Cu Fe Si O","IMA2004-014"," ",5274," ","hexagonal","P31","La Mn^2+ Cu^2+ Mn^3+ Fe^3+ Mn^4+ Si O","Svt-La","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Steacyite","Steacyite","K0.3(Na,Ca)2Th4+Si8O20","K0.3(Na,Ca)2ThSi8O20","K_0.3_(Na,Ca)_2_ThSi_8_O_20_","K_0.3_(Na,Ca)_2_Th^4+^Si_8_O_20_","K Na Ca Th Si O","IMA1981 s.p."," ",4177,"Steacyite","tetragonal","P4/mcc","K Na Ca Th^4+ Si O","Scy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Steedeite","Steedeite","NaMn2+2[Si3BO9](OH)2","NaMn2[Si3BO9](OH)2","NaMn_2_[Si_3_BO_9_](OH)_2_","NaMn^2+^_2_[Si_3_BO_9_](OH)_2_","Na Mn Si B O H","IMA2013-052"," ",5878,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Na Mn^2+ Si B O H","Sed","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Steenstrupine-(Ce)","Steenstrupine-(Ce)","Na14Ce3+6Mn2+Mn3+Fe3+2Zr4+(PO4)7Si12O36(OH)2·3H2O","Na14Ce6Mn2+2Fe3+2Zr(PO4)7Si12O36(OH)2·3H2O","Na_14_Ce_6_Mn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_Zr(PO_4_)_7_Si_12_O_36_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Na_14_Ce^3+^_6_Mn^2+^Mn^3+^Fe^3+^_2_Zr^4+^(PO_4_)_7_Si_12_O_36_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Na Ce Mn Fe Zr P O Si H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4178," ","monoclinic, hexagonal","R3m","Na Ce^3+ Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Fe^3+ Zr^4+ P O Si H","Ssp-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Stefanweissite","Stefanweissite","(Ca,REE)2Zr4+2(Nb5+,Ti4+)(Ti4+,Nb5+)2Fe2+O14","(Ca,REE)2Zr2(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)2Fe2+O14","(Ca,REE)_2_Zr_2_(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)_2_Fe^2+^O_14_","(Ca,REE)_2_Zr^4+^_2_(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_2_Fe^2+^O_14_","Ca REE Zr Nb Ti Fe O","IMA2018-020"," ",6765,"Zirconolite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Cmca, C2/c","Ca REE Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Fe^2+ O","Swi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Steigerite","Steigerite","AlV5+O4·3H2O","Al(VO4)·3H2O","Al(VO_4_)·3H_2_O","AlV^5+^O_4_·3H_2_O","Al V O H"," "," ",4179," ",,,"Al V^5+ O H","Sgr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Steinhardtite","Steinhardtite","Al","Al","Al","Al","Al","IMA2014-036"," ",6314,"Iron","cubic","Im3m","Al","Shd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","Yes" +"Steiningerite","Steiningerite","Ba2Zr4+2(Si4O12)O2","Ba2Zr2(Si4O12)O2","Ba_2_Zr_2_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_","Ba_2_Zr^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)O_2_","Ba Zr Si O","IMA2024-016"," ",7493,"Labuntsovite","tetragonal","P4/mbm","Ba Zr^4+ Si O","Sngr",,"No" +"Steinmetzite","Steinmetzite","Zn2+2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)·3H2O","Zn2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)·3H2O","Zn_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·3H_2_O","Zn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·3H_2_O","Zn Fe P O H","IMA2015-081"," ",6480," ","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Snm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Steklite","Steklite","KAl(S6+O4)2","KAl(SO4)2","KAl(SO_4_)_2_","KAl(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","K Al S O","IMA2011-041"," ",5968,"Sabieite","hexagonal","P321, P312","K Al S^6+ O","Sek","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Stellerite","Stellerite","Ca4(Si28Al8)O72·28H2O","Ca4(Si28Al8)O72·28H2O","Ca_4_(Si_28_Al_8_)O_72_·28H_2_O","Ca_4_(Si_28_Al_8_)O_72_·28H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",4180,"Stilbite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Fmmm, F2/m, Amma","Ca Si Al O H","Ste","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Stenhuggarite","Stenhuggarite","CaFe3+Sb3+As3+2O7","CaFe3+Sb3+As3+2O7","CaFe^3+^Sb^3+^As^3+^_2_O_7_","CaFe^3+^Sb^3+^As^3+^_2_O_7_","Ca Fe Sb As O","IMA1966-037"," ",4181," ","tetragonal","I41/a","Ca Fe^3+ Sb^3+ As^3+ O","Shu","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Stenonite","Stenonite","Sr2Al(CO3)F5","Sr2Al(CO3)F5","Sr_2_Al(CO_3_)F_5_","Sr_2_Al(CO_3_)F_5_","Sr Al C O F","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4182," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Sr Al C O F","Sten","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Stepanovite","Stepanovite","NaMgFe3+((C2)6+O4)3·9H2O","NaMgFe3+(C2O4)3·9H2O","NaMgFe^3+^(C_2_O_4_)_3_·9H_2_O","NaMgFe^3+^((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)_3_·9H_2_O","Na Mg Fe C O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4183,"Stepanovite, Oxalate","hexagonal",,"Na Mg Fe^3+ C O H","Stpn","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Stephanite","Stephanite","Ag1+5Sb3+S2-4","Ag5SbS4","Ag_5_SbS_4_","Ag^1+^_5_Sb^3+^S^2-^_4_","Ag Sb S"," "," ",4184," ","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Ag^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Sph","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Štěpite","Stepite","U4+(As5+O3OH)2·4H2O","U(AsO3OH)2·4H2O","U(AsO_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","U^4+^(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","U As O H","IMA2012-006"," ",6062,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","I41/acd","U^4+ As^5+ O H","Ště","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Stercorite","Stercorite","(N3-H4)Na(PO3OH)·4H2O","(NH4)Na(PO3OH)·4H2O","(NH_4_)Na(PO_3_OH)·4H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)Na(PO_3_OH)·4H_2_O","N H Na P O"," "," ",4185," ","triclinic","P1","N^3- H Na P O","Stc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Stergiouite","Stergiouite","CaZn2+2(As5+O4)2·4H2O","CaZn2(AsO4)2·4H2O","CaZn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","CaZn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Zn As O H","IMA2018-051a"," ",6858,"Phosphophyllite","monoclinic","Pc","Ca Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Sgo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sterlinghillite","Sterlinghillite","Mn2+3(As5+O4)2·3H2O","Mn2+3(AsO4)2·3H2O","Mn^2+^_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Mn^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Mn As O H","IMA1980-007"," ",4186," ","monoclinic",,"Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Slg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sternbergite","Sternbergite","Ag1+Fe2+Fe3+S2-3","AgFe2S3","AgFe_2_S_3_","Ag^1+^Fe^2+^Fe^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag Fe S"," "," ",4187,"Cubanite","orthorhombic","Ccmb","Ag^1+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^2-","Srn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Steropesite","Steropesite","Tl1+3Bi3+Cl6","Tl3BiCl6","Tl_3_BiCl_6_","Tl^1+^_3_Bi^3+^Cl_6_","Tl Bi Cl","IMA2008-014"," ",5673," ","monoclinic","Cc","Tl^1+ Bi^3+ Cl","Strp","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Sterryite","Sterryite","Cu1+(Ag1+,Cu1+)3Pb2+19(Sb3+,As3+)22(As2)4+S2-56","Cu(Ag,Cu)3Pb19(Sb,As)22(As)2S56","Cu(Ag,Cu)_3_Pb_19_(Sb,As)_22_(As)_2_S_56_","Cu^1+^(Ag^1+^,Cu^1+^)_3_Pb^2+^_19_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_22_(As_2_)^4+^S^2-^_56_","Cu Ag Pb Sb As S","IMA1966-020"," ",4188,"Madocite","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ As S^2-","Srr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Stetefeldtite","Stetefeldtite","Ag2+2Sb5+2(O,OH)7","Ag2Sb2(O,OH)7","Ag_2_Sb_2_(O,OH)_7_","Ag^2+^_2_Sb^5+^_2_(O,OH)_7_","Ag Sb O H","IMA2013 s.p."," ",4189,"Pyrochlore",,,"Ag^2+ Sb^5+ O H","Sf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Stetindite-(Ce)","Stetindite-(Ce)","Ce4+SiO4","Ce(SiO4)","Ce(SiO_4_)","Ce^4+^SiO_4_","Ce Si O","IMA2008-035"," ",5695,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Ce^4+ Si O","Std-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Steudelite","Steudelite","Na3☐(K17Ca7)Ca4(Al24Si24O96)(S4+O3)6F6·4H2O_","Na3☐(K17Ca7)Ca4(Al24Si24O96)(SO3)6F6·4H2O_","Na_3_[box](K_17_Ca_7_)Ca_4_(Al_24_Si_24_O_96_)(SO_3_)_6_F_6_·4H_2_O_","Na_3_[box](K_17_Ca_7_)Ca_4_(Al_24_Si_24_O_96_)(S^4+^O_3_)_6_F_6_·4H_2_O_","Na K Ca Al Si O S F H","IMA2021-007"," ",7123,"Cancrinite","hexagonal","P62c","Na K Ca Al Si O S^4+ F H","Stdl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Stevensite","Stevensite","(Ca,Na)xMg3-ySi4O10(OH)2","(Ca,Na)xMg3-ySi4O10(OH)2","(Ca,Na)_x_Mg_3-y_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","(Ca,Na)_x_Mg_3-y_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","Ca Na Mg Si O H"," "," ",4190,"Clay",,,"Ca Na Mg Si O H","Stv","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Steverustite","Steverustite","Pb2+5Cu1+(S6+O3S2-)3(OH)5·2H2O","Pb2+5(OH)5[Cu1+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2","Pb^2+^_5_(OH)_5_[Cu^1+^(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_3_](H_2_O)_2_","Pb^2+^_5_Cu^1+^(S^6+^O_3_S^2-^)_3_(OH)_5_·2H_2_O","Pb O H Cu S","IMA2008-021"," ",5680," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Cu^1+ S^6+ O S^2- H","Svr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stewartite","Stewartite","Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Fe P O H"," "," ",4191,"Stewartite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Stw","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stibarsen","Stibarsen","SbAs","SbAs","SbAs","SbAs","Sb As","IMA1982 s.p."," ",4192,"Arsenic","hexagonal","R3m","Sb As","Sbr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Stibiconite","Stibiconite","Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)","Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)","Sb^3+^Sb^5+^_2_O_6_(OH)","Sb^3+^Sb^5+^_2_O_6_(OH)","Sb O H","IMA2013 s.p."," ",4193,"Pyrochlore","cubic","Fd3m","Sb^3+ Sb^5+ O H","Sbc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stibioclaudetite","Stibioclaudetite","As3+Sb3+O3","AsSbO3","AsSbO_3_","As^3+^Sb^3+^O_3_","As Sb O","IMA2007-028"," ",5596,"Arsenolamprite-Claudetite","monoclinic","P21/n","As^3+ Sb^3+ O","Scld","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stibiocolumbite","Stibiocolumbite","Sb3+Nb5+O4","SbNbO4","SbNbO_4_","Sb^3+^Nb^5+^O_4_","Sb Nb O"," "," ",4195," ","orthorhombic","Pna21","Sb^3+ Nb^5+ O","Sclb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Stibiocolusite","Stibiocolusite","Cu1+12Cu2+V3+(Sb5+,Sn4+,As5+)3S2-16","Cu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16","Cu_13_V(Sb,Sn,As)_3_S_16_","Cu^1+^_12_Cu^2+^V^3+^(Sb^5+^,Sn^4+^,As^5+^)_3_S^2-^_16_","Cu V Sb Sn As S","IMA1991-043"," ",4196,"Germanite, Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","P43m","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ V^3+ Sb^5+ Sn^4+ As^5+ S^2-","Sclu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Stibiogoldfieldite","Stibiogoldfieldite","Cu1+6Cu1+6(Sb3+2Te4+2)S2-13","Cu6Cu6(Sb2Te2)S13","Cu_6_Cu_6_(Sb_2_Te_2_)S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_Cu^1+^_6_(Sb^3+^_2_Te^4+^_2_)S^2-^_13_","Cu Sb Te S","IMA2020-104"," ",7117,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Sb^3+ Te^4+ S^2-","Sbgf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Stibiopalladinite","Stibiopalladinite","Pd5Sb2","Pd5Sb2","Pd_5_Sb_2_","Pd_5_Sb_2_","Pd Sb","IMA1980 s.p."," ",4198," ","hexagonal","P63cm","Pd Sb","Stpdn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Stibiosegnitite","Stibiosegnitite","Pb2+(Fe3+2.5Sb5+0.5)(As5+O4)2(OH)6","Pb(Fe3+2.5Sb5+0.5)(AsO4)2(OH)6","Pb(Fe^3+^_2.5_Sb^5+^_0.5_)(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^(Fe^3+^_2.5_Sb^5+^_0.5_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Pb Fe Sb As O H","IMA2024-065"," ",7519,"Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Sb^5+ As^5+ O H","Ssgt",,"No" +"Stibiotantalite","Stibiotantalite","Sb3+Ta5+O4","Sb3+TaO4","Sb^3+^TaO_4_","Sb^3+^Ta^5+^O_4_","Sb Ta O"," "," ",4199," ","orthorhombic","Pbn21","Sb^3+ Ta^5+ O","Sttl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Stibioústalečite","Stibioustalecite","Cu1+6Cu1+6(Sb3+2Te4+2)Se2-13","Cu6Cu6(Sb2Te2)Se13","Cu_6_Cu_6_(Sb_2_Te_2_)Se_13_","Cu^1+^_6_Cu^1+^_6_(Sb^3+^_2_Te^4+^_2_)Se^2-^_13_","Cu Sb Te Se","IMA2021-071"," ",7179,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Sb^3+ Te^4+ Se^2-","Súč","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Stibivanite","Stibivanite","Sb3+2V4+O5","Sb3+2V4+O5","Sb^3+^_2_V^4+^O_5_","Sb^3+^_2_V^4+^O_5_","Sb V O","IMA1980-020"," ",4200," ","monoclinic, orthorhombic","C2/c, Pmcn","Sb^3+ V^4+ O","Stbv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Stibnite","Stibnite","Sb3+2S2-3","Sb2S3","Sb_2_S_3_","Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_3_","Sb S"," "," ",4201,"Stibnite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pbnm","Sb^3+ S^2-","Sbn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Stichtite","Stichtite","Mg6Cr3+2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O","Mg6Cr2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O","Mg_6_Cr_2_(OH)_16_(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Mg_6_Cr^3+^_2_(OH)_16_(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Mg Cr O H C"," "," ",4202,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m, P63/mmc","Mg Cr^3+ O H C","Stt","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization","No" +"Stilbite-Ca","Stilbite-Ca","NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72·28H2O","NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72·28H2O","NaCa_4_(Si_27_Al_9_)O_72_·28H_2_O","NaCa_4_(Si_27_Al_9_)O_72_·28H_2_O","Na Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",4203,"Stilbite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Fmmm, F2/m, C2/m","Na Ca Si Al O H","Stb-Ca","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stilbite-Na","Stilbite-Na","Na9(Si27Al9)O72·28H2O","Na9(Si27Al9)O72·28H2O","Na_9_(Si_27_Al_9_)O_72_·28H_2_O","Na_9_(Si_27_Al_9_)O_72_·28H_2_O","Na Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",4204,"Stilbite","monoclinic","F2/m, C2/m","Na Si Al O H","Stb-Na","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stilleite","Stilleite","Zn2+Se2-","ZnSe","ZnSe","Zn^2+^Se^2-^","Zn Se"," "," ",4205,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","Zn^2+ Se^2-","Sll","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Stillwaterite","Stillwaterite","Pd8As3","Pd8As3","Pd_8_As_3_","Pd_8_As_3_","Pd As","IMA1974-029"," ",4206,"Stillwaterite","hexagonal","P3","Pd As","Slw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Stillwellite-(Ce)","Stillwellite-(Ce)","Ce3+BSiO5","CeBSiO5","CeBSiO_5_","Ce^3+^BSiO_5_","Ce B Si O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4207,"Stillwellite","hexagonal","P31","Ce^3+ B Si O","Swl-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Stillwellite-(La)","Stillwellite-(La)","LaBSiO5","LaBSiO5","LaBSiO_5_","LaBSiO_5_","La B Si O","IMA2024-074"," ",7527,"Stillwellite","hexagonal","P3221, P31","La B Si O","Swl-La",,"No" +"Stilpnomelane","Stilpnomelane","(K,Ca,Na)(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36·nH2O","(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36·nH2O","(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)_8_(Si,Al)_12_(O,OH)_36_·nH_2_O","(K,Ca,Na)(Fe^2+^,Mg,Al,Fe^3+^)_8_(Si,Al)_12_(O,OH)_36_·nH_2_O","K Ca Na Fe Mg Al Si O H","IMA1971 s.p."," ",4208,"Stilpnomelane, Clay","triclinic","P1","K Ca Na Fe^2+ Mg Al Fe^3+ Si O H","Stp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Stishovite","Stishovite","SiO2","SiO2","SiO_2_","SiO_2_","Si O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4209,"Rutile","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Si O","Sti","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals","No" +"Stistaite","Stistaite","Sn2+2(Sb2)4-","SnSb","SnSb","Sn^2+^_2_(Sb_2_)^4-^","Sn Sb","IMA1969-039"," ",4210,"Rocksalt","cubic, hexagonal","Fm3m, R3m","Sn^2+ Sb","Sst","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Stöfflerite","Stofflerite","CaAl2Si2O8","CaAl2Si2O8","CaAl_2_Si_2_O_8_","CaAl_2_Si_2_O_8_","Ca Al Si O","IMA2017-062"," ",6694,"Coronadite","tetragonal","I4/m","Ca Al Si O","Sff","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Stoiberite","Stoiberite","Cu2+5O2(V5+O4)2","Cu5O2(VO4)2","Cu_5_O_2_(VO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^_5_O_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_","Cu O V","IMA1979-016"," ",4211," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ O V^5+","Sbe","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Stokesite","Stokesite","CaSn4+Si3O9·2H2O","CaSnSi3O9·2H2O","CaSnSi_3_O_9_·2H_2_O","CaSn^4+^Si_3_O_9_·2H_2_O","Ca Sn Si O H"," "," ",4212," ","orthorhombic","Pnna","Ca Sn^4+ Si O H","Sks","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Stolperite","Stolperite","AlCu","AlCu","AlCu","AlCu","Al Cu","IMA2016-033"," ",6559,"Iron","cubic","Pm3m","Al Cu","Slp","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Stolzite","Stolzite","Pb2+W6+O4","Pb(WO4)","Pb(WO_4_)","Pb^2+^W^6+^O_4_","Pb W O"," "," ",4213,"Scheelite","tetragonal","I41/a","Pb^2+ W^6+ O","Sz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stoppaniite","Stoppaniite","Fe3+2Be3Si6O18·H2O","Fe3+2Be3Si6O18·H2O","Fe^3+^_2_Be_3_Si_6_O_18_·H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_Be_3_Si_6_O_18_·H_2_O","Fe Be Si O H","IMA1996-008"," ",4214,"Beryl","hexagonal","P6/mcc","Fe^3+ Be Si O H","Spp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Stottite","Stottite","Fe2+Ge(OH)6","Fe2+Ge(OH)6","Fe^2+^Ge(OH)_6_","Fe^2+^Ge(OH)_6_","Fe Ge O H"," "," ",4215,"Perovskite","tetragonal, monoclinic","P42/n, P2/n","Fe^2+ Ge O H","Sto","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stracherite","Stracherite","BaCa6(SiO4)2[(PO4)(CO3)]F","BaCa6(SiO4)2[(PO4)(CO3)]F","BaCa_6_(SiO_4_)_2_[(PO_4_)(CO_3_)]F","BaCa_6_(SiO_4_)_2_[(PO_4_)(CO_3_)]F","Ba Ca Si O P C F","IMA2016-098"," ",6625,"Zadovite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Ca Si O P C F","Stra","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Straczekite","Straczekite","(Ca,K,Ba)V4+2V5+6O20·3H2O","(Ca,K,Ba)(V5+,V4+)8O20·3H2O","(Ca,K,Ba)(V^5+^,V^4+^)_8_O_20_·3H_2_O","(Ca,K,Ba)V^4+^_2_V^5+^_6_O_20_·3H_2_O","Ca K Ba V O H","IMA1983-028"," ",4216,"Straczekite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca K Ba V^4+ V^5+ O H","Szk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Strakhovite","Strakhovite","NaBa3(Mn2+,Mn3+)4[Si4O10(OH)2][Si2O7]O2·(F,OH)·H2O","NaBa3(Mn2+,Mn3+)4[Si4O10(OH)2][Si2O7]O2·(F,OH)·H2O","NaBa_3_(Mn^2+^,Mn^3+^)_4_[Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_][Si_2_O_7_]O_2_·(F,OH)·H_2_O","NaBa_3_(Mn^2+^,Mn^3+^)_4_[Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_][Si_2_O_7_]O_2_·(F,OH)·H_2_O","Na Ba Mn Si O H F","IMA1993-005"," ",4217," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Na Ba Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Si O H F","Skhv","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Stranskiite","Stranskiite","Cu2+Zn2+2(As5+O4)2","CuZn2(AsO4)2","CuZn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_","Cu Zn As O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4218," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O","Ssk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Strashimirite","Strashimirite","Cu2+4(As5+O4)2(OH)2·2.5H2O","Cu4(AsO4)2(OH)2·2.5H2O","Cu_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·2.5H_2_O","Cu^2+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·2.5H_2_O","Cu As O H","IMA1967-025"," ",4219," ","monoclinic",,"Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Ssh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Strassmannite","Strassmannite","Al(U6+O2)(S6+O4)2F·16H2O","Al(UO2)(SO4)2F·16H2O","Al(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_F·16H_2_O","Al(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_F·16H_2_O","Al U O S F H","IMA2017-086"," ",6714,"Leydetite","monoclinic","C2/c","Al U^6+ O S^6+ F H","Sßm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Strätlingite","Stratlingite","Ca2Al(Si,Al)2O2(OH)10·2.25H2O","Ca2Al(Si,Al)2O2(OH)10·2.25H2O","Ca_2_Al(Si,Al)_2_O_2_(OH)_10_·2.25H_2_O","Ca_2_Al(Si,Al)_2_O_2_(OH)_10_·2.25H_2_O","Ca Al Si O H","IMA1975-031"," ",4220," ","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Al Si O H","Srä","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Strelkinite","Strelkinite","Na2(U6+O2)2(V5+O4)2·6H2O","Na2(UO2)2(VO4)2·6H2O","Na_2_(UO_2_)_2_(VO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Na_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Na U O V H","IMA1973-063"," ",4221," ","orthorhombic",,"Na U^6+ O V^5+ H","Slk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Strengite","Strengite","Fe3+PO4·2H2O","Fe3+(PO4)·2H2O","Fe^3+^(PO_4_)·2H_2_O","Fe^3+^PO_4_·2H_2_O","Fe P O H"," "," ",4222," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Fe^3+ P O H","Stg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stringhamite","Stringhamite","CaCu2+SiO4·H2O","CaCu(SiO4)·H2O","CaCu(SiO_4_)·H_2_O","CaCu^2+^SiO_4_·H_2_O","Ca Cu Si O H","IMA1974-007"," ",4223," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Cu^2+ Si O H","Sgh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stromeyerite","Stromeyerite","Cu1+Ag1+S2-","CuAgS","CuAgS","Cu^1+^Ag^1+^S^2-^","Cu Ag S"," "," ",4224," ","orthorhombic","Cmc21","Cu^1+ Ag^1+ S^2-","Smy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Stronadelphite","Stronadelphite","Sr5(PO4)3F","Sr5(PO4)3F","Sr_5_(PO_4_)_3_F","Sr_5_(PO_4_)_3_F","Sr P O F","IMA2008-009"," ",5668,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Sr P O F","Sad","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Stronalsite","Stronalsite","Na2SrAl4Si4O16","Na2SrAl4Si4O16","Na_2_SrAl_4_Si_4_O_16_","Na_2_SrAl_4_Si_4_O_16_","Na Sr Al Si O","IMA1983-016"," ",4225," ","orthorhombic","Iba2","Na Sr Al Si O","Sns","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Strontianite","Strontianite","SrCO3","Sr(CO3)","Sr(CO_3_)","SrCO_3_","Sr C O"," "," ",4226,"Aragonite","orthorhombic","Pmcn, Pnma","Sr C O","Str","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Strontioborite","Strontioborite","Sr[B8O11(OH)4]","Sr[B8O11(OH)4]","Sr[B_8_O_11_(OH)_4_]","Sr[B_8_O_11_(OH)_4_]","Sr B O H","IMA2020-017"," ",4228,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21","Sr B O H","Srbo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Strontiochevkinite","Strontiochevkinite","(Sr,Ce3+,La3+)4Fe2+(Ti4+,Zr4+)4O8(Si2O7)2","(Sr,Ce,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr)4O8(Si2O7)2","(Sr,Ce,La)_4_Fe^2+^(Ti,Zr)_4_O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_","(Sr,Ce^3+^,La^3+^)_4_Fe^2+^(Ti^4+^,Zr^4+^)_4_O_8_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_","Sr Ce La Fe Ti Zr O Si","IMA1983-009"," ",4229,"Chevkinite","monoclinic","P21/a","Sr Ce^3+ La^3+ Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Zr^4+ O Si","Scvk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Strontiodresserite","Strontiodresserite","SrAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O","SrAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O","SrAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","SrAl_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_·H_2_O","Sr Al C O H","IMA1977-005"," ",4230,"Dundasite","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Sr Al C O H","Sdrs","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Strontiofluorite","Strontiofluorite","SrF2","SrF2","SrF_2_","SrF_2_","Sr F","IMA2009-014"," ",5743,"Fluorite","cubic","Fm3m","Sr F","Sflr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Strontioginorite","Strontioginorite","SrCaB14O20(OH)6·5H2O","CaSrB14O20(OH)6·5H2O","CaSrB_14_O_20_(OH)_6_·5H_2_O","SrCaB_14_O_20_(OH)_6_·5H_2_O","Ca Sr B O H"," "," ",4231," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Sr Ca B O H","Sgnr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Strontiohurlbutite","Strontiohurlbutite","SrBe2(PO4)2","SrBe2(PO4)2","SrBe_2_(PO_4_)_2_","SrBe_2_(PO_4_)_2_","Sr Be P O","IMA2012-032"," ",6090,"Danburite","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Sr Be P O","Shrb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Strontiojoaquinite","Strontiojoaquinite","(Na,Fe2+)2Ba2Sr2Ti4+2(SiO3)8(O,OH)2·H2O","(Na,Fe)2Ba2Sr2Ti2(SiO3)8(O,OH)2·H2O","(Na,Fe)_2_Ba_2_Sr_2_Ti_2_(SiO_3_)_8_(O,OH)_2_·H_2_O","(Na,Fe^2+^)_2_Ba_2_Sr_2_Ti^4+^_2_(SiO_3_)_8_(O,OH)_2_·H_2_O","Na Fe Ba Sr Ti Si O H","IMA1979-080"," ",4232,"Joaquinite","orthorhombic",,"Na Fe^2+ Ba Sr Ti^4+ Si O H","Sjq","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization","No" +"Strontiomelane","Strontiomelane","Sr(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16","Sr(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16","Sr(Mn^4+^_6_Mn^3+^_2_)O_16_","Sr(Mn^4+^_6_Mn^3+^_2_)O_16_","Sr Mn O","IMA1995-005"," ",4233,"Coronadite","monoclinic","P21/n","Sr Mn^4+ Mn^3+ O","Sml","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Strontio-orthojoaquinite","Strontio-orthojoaquinite","NaSr4Fe3+Ti4+2Si8O24(OH)4","NaSr4Fe3+Ti2Si8O24(OH)4","NaSr_4_Fe^3+^Ti_2_Si_8_O_24_(OH)_4_","NaSr_4_Fe^3+^Ti^4+^_2_Si_8_O_24_(OH)_4_","Na Sr Fe Ti Si O H","IMA1979-081a"," ",4227,"Joaquinite","orthorhombic","P21am","Na Sr Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Sojq","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Strontioperloffite","Strontioperloffite","SrMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3","SrMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3","SrMn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","SrMn^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Sr Mn Fe P O H","IMA2015-023"," ",6430,"Bjarebyite","monoclinic","P21/m","Sr Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Splf","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Strontiopharmacosiderite","Strontiopharmacosiderite","Sr0.5Fe3+4[(As5+O4)3(OH)4]·4H2O","Sr0.5Fe4[(AsO4)3(OH)4]·4H2O","Sr_0.5_Fe_4_[(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_]·4H_2_O","Sr_0.5_Fe^3+^_4_[(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_]·4H_2_O","Sr Fe As O H","IMA2013-101"," ",6261,"Pharmacosiderite","tetragonal","P42m","Sr Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Spsd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Strontioruizite","Strontioruizite","Sr2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O","Sr2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O","Sr_2_Mn^3+^_2_Si_4_O_11_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Sr_2_Mn^3+^_2_Si_4_O_11_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Sr Mn Si O H","IMA2017-045"," ",6658,"Ruizite","monoclinic","C2","Sr Mn^3+ Si O H","Srz","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Strontiowhitlockite","Strontiowhitlockite","Sr9☐Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)","Sr9☐Mg(PO3OH)(PO4)6","Sr_9_[box]Mg(PO_3_OH)(PO_4_)_6_","Sr_9_[box]Mg(PO_4_)_6_(PO_3_OH)","Sr Mg P O H","IMA1989-040"," ",4235,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Sr Mg P O H","Swht","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Strunzite","Strunzite","Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O","Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Mn Fe P O H"," "," ",4237,"Strunzite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Snz","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Struvite","Struvite","(N3-H4)MgPO4·6H2O","(NH4)Mg(PO4)·6H2O","(NH_4_)Mg(PO_4_)·6H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)MgPO_4_·6H_2_O","N H Mg P O"," "," ",4239,"Struvite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","N^3- H Mg P O","Suv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Struvite-(K)","Struvite-(K)","KMgPO4·6H2O","KMg(PO4)·6H2O","KMg(PO_4_)·6H_2_O","KMgPO_4_·6H_2_O","K Mg P O H","IMA2003-048"," ",5249,"Struvite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","K Mg P O H","Suv-K","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Studenitsite","Studenitsite","NaCa2B9O14(OH)4·2H2O","NaCa2B9O14(OH)4·2H2O","NaCa_2_B_9_O_14_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","NaCa_2_B_9_O_14_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Na Ca B O H","IMA1994-026"," ",4240," ","monoclinic","P21/b","Na Ca B O H","Sdn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Studtite","Studtite","(U6+O2)(O2)2-(H2O)2·2H2O","(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2·2H2O","(UO_2_)(O_2_)(H_2_O)_2_·2H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)(O_2_)^2-^(H_2_O)_2_·2H_2_O","U O H"," "," ",4241," ","monoclinic","C2/c","U^6+ O H","Stu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stumpflite","Stumpflite","PtSb","PtSb","PtSb","PtSb","Pt Sb","IMA1972-013"," ",4242,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63mc, P63/mmc","Pt Sb","Stm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Stunorthropite","Stunorthropite","(N3-H4)4[Mo6+2O6(Mo6+O4)2]","(NH4)4[Mo2O6(MoO4)2]","(NH_4_)_4_[Mo_2_O_6_(MoO_4_)_2_]","(N^3-^H_4_)_4_[Mo^6+^_2_O_6_(Mo^6+^O_4_)_2_]","N H Mo O","IMA2024-064"," ",7518," ","triclinic","P1","N^3- H Mo^6+ O","Snp",,"No" +"Sturmanite","Sturmanite","Ca6Fe3+2(S6+O4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12·25H2O","Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12·25H2O","Ca_6_Fe^3+^_2_(SO_4_)_2.5_[B(OH)_4_](OH)_12_·25H_2_O","Ca_6_Fe^3+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2.5_[B(OH)_4_](OH)_12_·25H_2_O","Ca Fe S O B H","IMA1981-011"," ",4243,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P31c","Ca Fe^3+ S^6+ O B H","Strm","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Stützite","Stutzite","Ag4.64-4.76Te3","Ag5-xTe3 (x = 0.24-0.36)","Ag_5-x_Te_3_ (x = 0.24-0.36)","Ag_4.64-4.76_Te_3_","Ag Te","IMA1964 s.p."," ",4244," ","hexagonal","P6/mmm, P6","Ag Te","Stz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Suanite","Suanite","Mg2B2O5","Mg2B2O5","Mg_2_B_2_O_5_","Mg_2_B_2_O_5_","Mg B O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4245," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Mg B O","Sua","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Sudburyite","Sudburyite","PdSb","PdSb","PdSb","PdSb","Pd Sb","IMA1973-048"," ",4246,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63mc","Pd Sb","Sdb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Sudoite","Sudoite","Mg2Al3(Si3Al)O10(OH)8","Mg2Al3(Si3Al)O10(OH)8","Mg_2_Al_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_8_","Mg_2_Al_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_8_","Mg Al Si O H","IMA1966-027"," ",4247,"Chlorite, Clay","monoclinic","C2/m, C2/c","Mg Al Si O H","Sud","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sudovikovite","Sudovikovite","PtSe2","PtSe2","PtSe_2_","PtSe_2_","Pt Se","IMA1995-009"," ",4248,"Melonite","hexagonal","P3m1","Pt Se","Svi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Suenoite","Suenoite","☐Mn2+2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","☐Mn2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Mn_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Mn^2+^_2_Mg_5_Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Mn Mg Si O H","IMA2019-075"," ",6960,"Amphibole","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mn^2+ Mg Si O H","Sue","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Suessite","Suessite","Fe3Si","Fe3Si","Fe_3_Si","Fe_3_Si","Fe Si","IMA1979-056"," ",4249," ","cubic","Im3m","Fe Si","Sss","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Sugakiite","Sugakiite","Cu(Fe,Ni)8S8","Cu(Fe,Ni)8S8","Cu(Fe,Ni)_8_S_8_","Cu(Fe,Ni)_8_S_8_","Cu Fe Ni S","IMA2005-033"," ",5546,"Pentlandite","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Cu Fe Ni S","Sgk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Sugarwhiteite","Sugarwhiteite","Pb2+2Te4+5O12","Pb2Te5O12","Pb_2_Te_5_O_12_","Pb^2+^_2_Te^4+^_5_O_12_","Pb Te O","IMA2024-079"," ",7468,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb^2+ Te^4+ O","Sgw",,"No" +"Sugilite","Sugilite","KNa2Fe3+2(Li3Si12)O30","KNa2Fe3+2(Li3Si12)O30","KNa_2_Fe^3+^_2_(Li_3_Si_12_)O_30_","KNa_2_Fe^3+^_2_(Li_3_Si_12_)O_30_","K Na Fe Li Si O","IMA1974-060"," ",4250,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Na Fe^3+ Li Si O","Sug","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Suhailite","Suhailite","(N3-H4)Fe2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","(NH4)Fe2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","(NH_4_)Fe^2+^_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","(N^3-^H_4_)Fe^2+^_3_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","N H Fe Si Al O","IMA2007-040"," ",5642,"Mica",,,"N^3- H Fe^2+ Si Al O","Suh","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Sulfatoredmondite","Sulfatoredmondite","[Pb2+8O2Zn2+(OH)6](S6+O4)4·6H2O","[Pb8O2Zn(OH)6](SO4)4·6H2O","[Pb_8_O_2_Zn(OH)_6_](SO_4_)_4_·6H_2_O","[Pb^2+^_8_O_2_Zn^2+^(OH)_6_](S^6+^O_4_)_4_·6H_2_O","Pb O Zn H S","IMA2021-089"," ",7195," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ O Zn^2+ H S^6+","Srdm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sulfhydrylbystrite","Sulfhydrylbystrite","Na5K2Ca[Al6Si6O24](S5)2-(SH)1-","Na5K2Ca[Al6Si6O24](S5)2-(SH)-","Na_5_K_2_Ca[Al_6_Si_6_O_24_](S_5_)^2-^(SH)^-^","Na_5_K_2_Ca[Al_6_Si_6_O_24_](S_5_)^2-^(SH)^1-^","Na K Ca Al Si O S H","IMA2015-010"," ",6416,"Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P31c","Na K Ca Al Si O S H","Shbys","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Sulfoborite","Sulfoborite","Mg3[B(OH)4]2(S6+O4)(OH,F)2","Mg3[B(OH)4]2(SO4)(OH,F)2","Mg_3_[B(OH)_4_]_2_(SO_4_)(OH,F)_2_","Mg_3_[B(OH)_4_]_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH,F)_2_","Mg B O H S F"," "," ",4251," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mg B O H S^6+ F","Sbo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Sulphohalite","Sulphohalite","Na6(S6+O4)2ClF","Na6(SO4)2ClF","Na_6_(SO_4_)_2_ClF","Na_6_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_ClF","Na S O Cl F"," "," ",4253," ","cubic","Fm3m, Fm3m","Na S^6+ O Cl F","Slhl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Sulphotsumoite","Sulphotsumoite","Bi3Te2S","Bi3Te2S","Bi_3_Te_2_S","Bi_3_Te_2_S","Bi Te S","IMA1980-084"," ",4254,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","P3m1","Bi Te S","Stsm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sulphur","Sulphur","S","S","S","S","S"," "," ",4252,"Sulphur","orthorhombic, hexagonal, monoclinic","Fddd, R3, P21/c","S","S","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere, PM44 - Anoxic microbially-mediated minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","Yes" +"Sulvanite","Sulvanite","Cu2+3V3+S2-4","Cu3VS4","Cu_3_VS_4_","Cu^2+^_3_V^3+^S^2-^_4_","Cu V S"," "," ",4255," ","cubic","P43m","Cu^2+ V^3+ S^2-","Sul","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sundiusite","Sundiusite","Pb2+10(S6+O4)O8Cl2","Pb10(SO4)O8Cl2","Pb_10_(SO_4_)O_8_Cl_2_","Pb^2+^_10_(S^6+^O_4_)O_8_Cl_2_","Pb S O Cl","IMA1979-044"," ",4256," ","monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ S^6+ O Cl","Sun","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Sunshuite","Sunshuite","Fe2+Bi3+2S2-4","FeBi2S4","FeBi_2_S_4_","Fe^2+^Bi^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Fe Bi S","IMA2025-013"," ",7558,"Berthierite","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Suu",,"No" +"Suolunite","Suolunite","Ca2Si2O5(OH)2·H2O","Ca2Si2O5(OH)2·H2O","Ca_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_2_Si_2_O_5_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Si O H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",4257," ","orthorhombic","Fd2d","Ca Si O H","Suo","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Suredaite","Suredaite","Pb2+Sn4+S2-3","PbSnS3","PbSnS_3_","Pb^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_3_","Pb Sn S","IMA1997-043"," ",4258," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Pb^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Su","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Surinamite","Surinamite","Mg3Al3O[Si3BeAlO15]","Mg3Al3O(Si3BeAlO15)","Mg_3_Al_3_O(Si_3_BeAlO_15_)","Mg_3_Al_3_O[Si_3_BeAlO_15_]","Mg Al O Si Be","IMA1974-053"," ",4259,"Sapphirine","monoclinic","P2/n, C2/c","Mg Al O Si Be","Sum","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Surite","Surite","(Pb2+,Ca)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(CO3)2(OH)3·0.3H2O","(Pb,Ca)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(CO3)2(OH)3·0.3H2O","(Pb,Ca)_3_Al_2_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_3_·0.3H_2_O","(Pb^2+^,Ca)_3_Al_2_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_3_·0.3H_2_O","Pb Ca Al Si O C H","IMA1977-037"," ",4260," ","monoclinic","P21","Pb^2+ Ca Al Si O C H","Sur","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sursassite","Sursassite","Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3","Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3","Mn^2+^_2_Al_3_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_3_","Mn^2+^_2_Al_3_(SiO_4_)(Si_2_O_7_)(OH)_3_","Mn Al Si O H"," "," ",4261,"Ardennite","monoclinic","P21/m","Mn^2+ Al Si O H","Ss","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Susannite","Susannite","Pb2+4(S6+O4)(CO3)2(OH)2","Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2","Pb_4_(SO_4_)(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb S O C H"," "," ",4262," ","hexagonal","P3","Pb^2+ S^6+ O C H","Sus","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Suseinargiuite","Suseinargiuite","(Na0.5Bi3+0.5)Mo6+O4","(Na0.5Bi0.5)(MoO4)","(Na_0.5_Bi_0.5_)(MoO_4_)","(Na_0.5_Bi^3+^_0.5_)Mo^6+^O_4_","Na Bi Mo O","IMA2014-089"," ",6387,"Scheelite","tetragonal","I41/a","Na Bi^3+ Mo^6+ O","Sag","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Sussexite","Sussexite","Mn2+BO2(OH)","Mn2+BO2(OH)","Mn^2+^BO_2_(OH)","Mn^2+^BO_2_(OH)","Mn B O H"," "," ",4263," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ B O H","Ssx","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Suzukiite","Suzukiite","BaV4+Si2O7","BaV4+Si2O7","BaV^4+^Si_2_O_7_","BaV^4+^Si_2_O_7_","Ba V Si O","IMA1978-005"," ",4264," ","orthorhombic",,"Ba V^4+ Si O","Suz","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Svabite","Svabite","Ca5(As5+O4)3F","Ca5(AsO4)3F","Ca_5_(AsO_4_)_3_F","Ca_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_F","Ca As O F"," "," ",4265,"Apatite","triclinic","P1","Ca As^5+ O F","Sva","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Svanbergite","Svanbergite","SrAl3(S6+O4)(PO4)(OH)6","SrAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6","SrAl_3_(SO_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)_6_","SrAl_3_(S^6+^O_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)_6_","Sr Al S O P H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4266,"Alunite-beudantite","hexagonal","R3m","Sr Al S^6+ O P H","Svb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Sveinbergeite","Sveinbergeite","(H2O)2[Ca(H2O)](Fe2+6Fe3+)Ti4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4[OH(H2O)]","(H2O)2[Ca(H2O)](Fe2+6Fe3+)Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4[(OH)(H2O)]","(H_2_O)_2_[Ca(H_2_O)](Fe^2+^_6_Fe^3+^)Ti_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_[(OH)(H_2_O)]","(H_2_O)_2_[Ca(H_2_O)](Fe^2+^_6_Fe^3+^)Ti^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_[OH(H_2_O)]","H O Ca Fe Ti Si","IMA2010-027"," ",5861,"Astrophyllite-Devitoite","triclinic","P1","H O Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Si","Sve","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Sveite","Sveite","KAl7(N5+O3)4(OH)16Cl2·8H2O","KAl7(NO3)4(OH)16Cl2·8H2O","KAl_7_(NO_3_)_4_(OH)_16_Cl_2_·8H_2_O","KAl_7_(N^5+^O_3_)_4_(OH)_16_Cl_2_·8H_2_O","K Al N O H Cl","IMA1980-005"," ",4267," ","monoclinic",,"K Al N^5+ O H Cl","Sv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Švenekite","Svenekite","Ca(As5+O2(OH)2)2","Ca[AsO2(OH)2]2","Ca[AsO_2_(OH)_2_]_2_","Ca(As^5+^O_2_(OH)_2_)_2_","Ca As O H","IMA1999-007"," ",4268," ","triclinic","P1","Ca As^5+ O H","Švn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Sverigeite","Sverigeite","NaBe2Mn2+2Sn4+Si3O12(OH)","NaBe2Mn2+2SnSi3O12(OH)","NaBe_2_Mn^2+^_2_SnSi_3_O_12_(OH)","NaBe_2_Mn^2+^_2_Sn^4+^Si_3_O_12_(OH)","Na Be Mn Sn Si O H","IMA1983-066"," ",4269," ","orthorhombic","Imma","Na Be Mn^2+ Sn^4+ Si O H","Svg","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Svetlanaite","Svetlanaite","SnSe","SnSe","SnSe","SnSe","Sn Se","IMA2020-013"," ",7028,"Arsenolamprite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Sn Se","Svl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Svornostite-(K)","Svornostite-(K)","K2Mg(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)4·8H2O","K2Mg[(UO2)(SO4)2]2·8H2O","K_2_Mg[(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_]_2_·8H_2_O","K_2_Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·8H_2_O","K Mg U O S H","IMA2014-078, IMA2025 s.p."," ",6376,"Svornostite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","K Mg U^6+ O S^6+ H","Svo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Svornostite-(NH4)","Svornostite-(NH4)","(N3-H4)2Mg(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)4(H2O)8","(NH4)2Mg(UO2)2(SO4)4(H2O)8","(NH_4_)_2_Mg(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_4_(H_2_O)_8_","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(H_2_O)_8_","N H Mg U O S","IMA2024-068"," ",7529,"Svornostite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","N^3- H Mg U^6+ O S^6+","Svo-NH_4_",,"No" +"Svyatoslavite","Svyatoslavite","CaAl2Si2O8","Ca(Al2Si2O8)","Ca(Al_2_Si_2_O_8_)","CaAl_2_Si_2_O_8_","Ca Al Si O","IMA1988-012"," ",4270," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","P21212, P21","Ca Al Si O","Svy","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Svyazhinite","Svyazhinite","MgAl(S6+O4)2F·14H2O","MgAl(SO4)2F·14H2O","MgAl(SO_4_)_2_F·14H_2_O","MgAl(S^6+^O_4_)_2_F·14H_2_O","Mg Al S O F H","IMA1983-045"," ",4271,"Aubertite","triclinic",,"Mg Al S^6+ O F H","Svz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Swaknoite","Swaknoite","(N3-H4)2Ca(PO3OH)2·H2O","(NH4)2Ca(PO3OH)2·H2O","(NH_4_)_2_Ca(PO_3_OH)_2_·H_2_O","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Ca(PO_3_OH)_2_·H_2_O","N H Ca P O","IMA1991-021"," ",4272," ","orthorhombic",,"N^3- H Ca P O","Swk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Swamboite-(Nd)","Swamboite-(Nd)","Nd0.333[(U6+O2)(SiO3OH)](H2O)~2.5","Nd0.333[(UO2)(SiO3OH)](H2O)~2.5","Nd_0.333_[(UO_2_)(SiO_3_OH)](H_2_O)_~2.5_","Nd_0.333_[(U^6+^O_2_)(SiO_3_OH)](H_2_O)_~2.5_","Nd U O Si H","IMA1981-008, IMA2017 s.p."," ",4273," ","monoclinic",,"Nd U^6+ O Si H","Swa-Nd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Swartzite","Swartzite","CaMg(U6+O2)(CO3)3·12H2O","CaMg(UO2)(CO3)3·12H2O","CaMg(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·12H_2_O","CaMg(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_·12H_2_O","Ca Mg U O C H"," "," ",4274," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Mg U^6+ O C H","Swz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Swedenborgite","Swedenborgite","NaBe4Sb5+O7","NaBe4Sb5+O7","NaBe_4_Sb^5+^O_7_","NaBe_4_Sb^5+^O_7_","Na Be Sb O"," "," ",4275," ","hexagonal","P63mc","Na Be Sb^5+ O","Swe","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Sweetite","Sweetite","Zn2+(OH)2","Zn(OH)2","Zn(OH)_2_","Zn^2+^(OH)_2_","Zn O H","IMA1983-011"," ",4276," ","tetragonal",,"Zn^2+ O H","Sw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Swinefordite","Swinefordite","Ca0.2(Li,Al,Mg,Fe3+,Fe2+)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH,F)2·nH2O","Ca0.2(Li,Al,Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH,F)2·nH2O","Ca_0.2_(Li,Al,Mg,Fe)_3_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH,F)_2_·nH_2_O","Ca_0.2_(Li,Al,Mg,Fe^3+^,Fe^2+^)_3_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH,F)_2_·nH_2_O","Ca Li Al Mg Fe Si O H F","IMA1973-054"," ",4277,"Clay, Smectite-vermiculite",,,"Ca Li Al Mg Fe^3+ Fe^2+ Si O H F","Sfd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Switzerite","Switzerite","Mn2+3(PO4)2·7H2O","Mn2+3(PO4)2·7H2O","Mn^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·7H_2_O","Mn^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·7H_2_O","Mn P O H","IMA1966-042"," ",4278," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Mn^2+ P O H","Swt","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Sylvanite","Sylvanite","AgAuTe4","AgAuTe4","AgAuTe_4_","AgAuTe_4_","Ag Au Te"," "," ",4279,"Melonite","monoclinic","P2/c","Ag Au Te","Syv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Sylvite","Sylvite","KCl","KCl","KCl","KCl","K Cl"," "," ",4280,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m, Pm3m","K Cl","Syl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Symesite","Symesite","Pb2+10S6+O4O7Cl4·H2O","Pb10(SO4)O7Cl4·H2O","Pb_10_(SO_4_)O_7_Cl_4_·H_2_O","Pb^2+^_10_S^6+^O_4_O_7_Cl_4_·H_2_O","Pb S O Cl H","IMA1998-035"," ",4281," ","triclinic","B1","Pb^2+ S^6+ O Cl H","Sy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Symplesite","Symplesite","Fe2+3(As5+O4)2·8H2O","Fe2+3(AsO4)2·8H2O","Fe^2+^_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe As O H"," "," ",4282,"Symplesite","triclinic",,"Fe^2+ As^5+ O H","Sym","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Synadelphite","Synadelphite","Mn2+9(As3+O3)(As5+O4)2(OH)9·2H2O","Mn2+9(AsO4)2(AsO3)(OH)9·2H2O","Mn^2+^_9_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_)(OH)_9_·2H_2_O","Mn^2+^_9_(As^3+^O_3_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_9_·2H_2_O","Mn As O H"," "," ",5126," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Mn^2+ As^3+ O As^5+ H","Syd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Synchysite-(Ce)","Synchysite-(Ce)","CaCe3+(CO3)2F","CaCe(CO3)2F","CaCe(CO_3_)_2_F","CaCe^3+^(CO_3_)_2_F","Ca Ce C O F","IMA1982-030"," ",4283," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Ce^3+ C O F","Syn-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Synchysite-(Nd)","Synchysite-(Nd)","CaNd(CO3)2F","CaNd(CO3)2F","CaNd(CO_3_)_2_F","CaNd(CO_3_)_2_F","Ca Nd C O F","IMA1982-030a"," ",4284," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca Nd C O F","Syn-Nd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Synchysite-(Y)","Synchysite-(Y)","CaY(CO3)2F","CaY(CO3)2F","CaY(CO_3_)_2_F","CaY(CO_3_)_2_F","Ca Y C O F","IMA1982-030b"," ",4285," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca Y C O F","Syn-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Syngenite","Syngenite","K2Ca(S6+O4)2·H2O","K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O","K_2_Ca(SO_4_)_2_·H_2_O","K_2_Ca(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·H_2_O","K Ca S O H"," "," ",4286,"Syngenite","monoclinic","P21/m","K Ca S^6+ O H","Sgn","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Szaibélyite","Szaibelyite","MgBO2(OH)","MgBO2(OH)","MgBO_2_(OH)","MgBO_2_(OH)","Mg B O H"," "," ",4287," ","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/a","Mg B O H","Sza","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Szenicsite","Szenicsite","Cu2+3Mo6+O4(OH)4","Cu3(MoO4)(OH)4","Cu_3_(MoO_4_)(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^_3_Mo^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_","Cu Mo O H","IMA1993-011"," ",4288," ","orthorhombic","Pnn2, Pnnm","Cu^2+ Mo^6+ O H","Sze","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Szilagyiite","Szilagyiite","NaCa3(U6+O2)(CO3)3(Se4+O3)F(H2O)6","NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SeO3)F(H2O)6","NaCa_3_(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_3_(SeO_3_)F(H_2_O)_6_","NaCa_3_(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)F(H_2_O)_6_","Na Ca U O C Se F H","IMA2024-063"," ",7517," ","hexagonal","R3c","Na Ca U^6+ O C Se^4+ F H","Szg",,"No" +"Szklaryite","Szklaryite","☐Al6BAs3+3O15","☐Al6BAs3+3O15","[box]Al_6_BAs^3+^_3_O_15_","[box]Al_6_BAs^3+^_3_O_15_","Al B As O","IMA2012-070"," ",6124,"Dumortierite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Al B As^3+ O","Sky","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Szmikite","Szmikite","Mn2+S6+O4·H2O","Mn(SO4)·H2O","Mn(SO_4_)·H_2_O","Mn^2+^S^6+^O_4_·H_2_O","Mn S O H"," "," ",4289,"Kieserite","monoclinic","C2/c","Mn^2+ S^6+ O H","Szm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Szomolnokite","Szomolnokite","Fe2+S6+O4·H2O","Fe(SO4)·H2O","Fe(SO_4_)·H_2_O","Fe^2+^S^6+^O_4_·H_2_O","Fe S O H"," "," ",4290,"Kieserite","monoclinic","C2/c","Fe^2+ S^6+ O H","Szo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Szymańskiite","Szymanskiite","Hg1+16Ni2+6(CO3)12(OH)12(H3O)8·3H2O","Hg16Ni6(CO3)12(OH)12(H3O)8·3H2O","Hg_16_Ni_6_(CO_3_)_12_(OH)_12_(H_3_O)_8_·3H_2_O","Hg^1+^_16_Ni^2+^_6_(CO_3_)_12_(OH)_12_(H_3_O)_8_·3H_2_O","Hg Ni C O H","IMA1989-045"," ",4291," ","hexagonal","P63","Hg^1+ Ni^2+ C O H","Szy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tacharanite","Tacharanite","Ca12Al2Si18O33(OH)36","Ca12Al2Si18O33(OH)36","Ca_12_Al_2_Si_18_O_33_(OH)_36_","Ca_12_Al_2_Si_18_O_33_(OH)_36_","Ca Al Si O H"," "," ",4292," ","monoclinic",,"Ca Al Si O H","Tch","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration","No" +"Tachyhydrite","Tachyhydrite","CaMg2Cl6·12H2O","CaMg2Cl6·12H2O","CaMg_2_Cl_6_·12H_2_O","CaMg_2_Cl_6_·12H_2_O","Ca Mg Cl H O"," "," ",4293," ","hexagonal","R3","Ca Mg Cl H O","Thy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Tadzhikite-(Ce)","Tadzhikite-(Ce)","Ca4Ce3+2Ti4+☐(B4Si4O22)(OH)2","Ca4Ce2Ti☐(B4Si4O22)(OH)2","Ca_4_Ce_2_Ti[box](B_4_Si_4_O_22_)(OH)_2_","Ca_4_Ce^3+^_2_Ti^4+^[box](B_4_Si_4_O_22_)(OH)_2_","Ca Ce Ti B Si O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4294,"Hellandite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Ce^3+ Ti^4+ B Si O H","Tad-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Taenite","Taenite","(Fe,Ni)","(Ni,Fe)","(Ni,Fe)","(Fe,Ni)","Ni Fe"," "," ",4296," ","cubic",,"Fe Ni","Tae","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Taikanite","Taikanite","BaSr2Mn3+2O2(Si4O12)","BaSr2Mn3+2O2(Si4O12)","BaSr_2_Mn^3+^_2_O_2_(Si_4_O_12_)","BaSr_2_Mn^3+^_2_O_2_(Si_4_O_12_)","Ba Sr Mn O Si","IMA1984-051"," ",4297," ","monoclinic","C2","Ba Sr Mn^3+ O Si","Tka","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Taimyrite","Taimyrite","(Pd,Pt)9Cu3Sn4","(Pd,Pt)9Cu3Sn4","(Pd,Pt)_9_Cu_3_Sn_4_","(Pd,Pt)_9_Cu_3_Sn_4_","Pd Pt Cu Sn","IMA1973-065"," ",4298," ","orthorhombic",,"Pd Pt Cu Sn","Tmy-I","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Tainiolite","Tainiolite","KLiMg2Si4O10F2","KLiMg2Si4O10F2","KLiMg_2_Si_4_O_10_F_2_","KLiMg_2_Si_4_O_10_F_2_","K Li Mg Si O F"," "," ",4299,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","K Li Mg Si O F","Tai","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Taipingite-(CeCa)","Taipingite-(CeCa)","(Ce3+7Ca2)☐Mg(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4F3","(Ce7Ca2)☐Mg(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4F3","(Ce_7_Ca_2_)[box]Mg(SiO_4_)_3_[SiO_3_(OH)]_4_F_3_","(Ce^3+^_7_Ca_2_)[box]Mg(SiO_4_)_3_[SiO_3_(OH)]_4_F_3_","Ce Ca Mg Si O H F","IMA2018-123a, IMA2023 s.p."," ",6906,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ce^3+ Ca Mg Si O H F","Tpg-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Takanawaite-(Y)","Takanawaite-(Y)","YTa5+O4","YTaO4","YTaO_4_","YTa^5+^O_4_","Y Ta O","IMA2011-099"," ",6044,"Fluorite","monoclinic","I2/a","Y Ta^5+ O","Tkw-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Takanelite","Takanelite","(Mn2+,Ca)2xMn4+1-xO2·0.7H2O","(Mn2+,Ca)2x(Mn4+)1-xO2·0.7H2O","(Mn^2+^,Ca)_2x_(Mn^4+^)_1-x_O_2_·0.7H_2_O","(Mn^2+^,Ca)_2x_Mn^4+^_1-x_O_2_·0.7H_2_O","Mn Ca O H","IMA1970-034"," ",4300," ","hexagonal",,"Mn^2+ Ca Mn^4+ O H","Tkn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Takedaite","Takedaite","Ca3B2O6","Ca3B2O6","Ca_3_B_2_O_6_","Ca_3_B_2_O_6_","Ca B O","IMA1993-049"," ",4301," ","hexagonal","R3c","Ca B O","Tkd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Takéuchiite","Takeuchiite","Mg2Mn3+O2BO3","Mg2Mn3+O2(BO3)","Mg_2_Mn^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Mg_2_Mn^3+^O_2_BO_3_","Mg Mn O B","IMA1980-018"," ",4302," ","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Mg Mn^3+ O B","Tké","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Takovite","Takovite","Ni2+6Al2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O","Ni6Al2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O","Ni_6_Al_2_(OH)_16_(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Ni^2+^_6_Al_2_(OH)_16_(CO_3_)·4H_2_O","Ni Al O H C","IMA1977 s.p."," ",4303,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Ni^2+ Al O H C","Tkv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Talc","Talc","Mg3Si4O10(OH)2","Mg3Si4O10(OH)2","Mg_3_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","Mg_3_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","Mg Si O H"," "," ",4304,"Clay, Talc","triclinic, monoclinic","C1, C2/c","Mg Si O H","Tlc","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, PM15 - Black smokers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Talmessite","Talmessite","Ca2Mg(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Ca2Mg(AsO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Mg(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Mg(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Mg As O H","IMA1985 s.p."," ",4305,"Fairfieldite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg As^5+ O H","Tlm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Talnakhite","Talnakhite","Cu9Fe8S16","Cu9Fe8S16","Cu_9_Fe_8_S_16_","Cu_9_Fe_8_S_16_","Cu Fe S","IMA1967-014"," ",4306,"Chalcopyrite","cubic","I43m","Cu Fe S","Tlk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Tamaite","Tamaite","(Ca,K,Na)xMn2+6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4·nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)","(Ca,K,Na)xMn6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4·nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)","(Ca,K,Na)_x_Mn_6_(Si,Al)_10_O_24_(OH)_4_·nH_2_O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)","(Ca,K,Na)_x_Mn^2+^_6_(Si,Al)_10_O_24_(OH)_4_·nH_2_O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)","Ca K Na Mn Si Al O H","IMA1999-011"," ",4307," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca K Na Mn^2+ Si Al O H","Tam","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Tamarugite","Tamarugite","NaAl(S6+O4)2·6H2O","NaAl(SO4)2·6H2O","NaAl(SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","NaAl(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Na Al S O H"," "," ",4308,"Tamarugite","monoclinic","P21/a","Na Al S^6+ O H","Tmr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tamboite","Tamboite","Fe3+3(OH)(H2O)2(S6+O4)(Te4+O3)3(Te4+O(OH)2)(H2O)3","Fe3+3(OH)(H2O)2(SO4)(Te4+O3)3[Te4+O(OH)2](H2O)3","Fe^3+^_3_(OH)(H_2_O)_2_(SO_4_)(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_[Te^4+^O(OH)_2_](H_2_O)_3_","Fe^3+^_3_(OH)(H_2_O)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_(Te^4+^O(OH)_2_)(H_2_O)_3_","Fe O H S Te","IMA2016-059"," ",6586," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^3+ O H S^6+ Te^4+","Tmb","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tamuraite","Tamuraite","Ir5Fe10S16","Ir5Fe10S16","Ir_5_Fe_10_S_16_","Ir_5_Fe_10_S_16_","Ir Fe S","IMA2020-098"," ",7112,"Kuvaevite","hexagonal","R3m","Ir Fe S","Tmu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tancaite-(Ce)","Tancaite-(Ce)","Fe3+Ce3+(Mo6+O4)3·3H2O","FeCe(MoO4)3·3H2O","FeCe(MoO_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Fe^3+^Ce^3+^(Mo^6+^O_4_)_3_·3H_2_O","Fe Ce Mo O H","IMA2009-097"," ",5827,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3","Fe^3+ Ce^3+ Mo^6+ O H","Tca-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tancoite","Tancoite","LiNa2Al(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)","LiNa2Al(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)","LiNa_2_Al(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)","LiNa_2_Al(PO_4_)(PO_3_OH)(OH)","Li Na Al P O H","IMA1979-045"," ",4309," ","orthorhombic","Pbcb","Li Na Al P O H","Tco","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Taneyamalite","Taneyamalite","(Na,Ca)Mn2+12(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44","(Na,Ca)Mn2+12(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44","(Na,Ca)Mn^2+^_12_(Si,Al)_12_(O,OH)_44_","(Na,Ca)Mn^2+^_12_(Si,Al)_12_(O,OH)_44_","Na Ca Mn Si Al O H","IMA1977-042"," ",4310," ","triclinic","P1","Na Ca Mn^2+ Si Al O H","Tny","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Tangdanite","Tangdanite","Ca2Cu2+9(As5+O4)4(S6+O4)0.5(OH)9·9H2O","Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(SO4)0.5(OH)9·9H2O","Ca_2_Cu_9_(AsO_4_)_4_(SO_4_)_0.5_(OH)_9_·9H_2_O","Ca_2_Cu^2+^_9_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_0.5_(OH)_9_·9H_2_O","Ca Cu As O S H","IMA2011-096"," ",6042,"Tyrolite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O S^6+ H","Tdn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tangeite","Tangeite","CaCu2+V5+O4(OH)","CaCu(VO4)(OH)","CaCu(VO_4_)(OH)","CaCu^2+^V^5+^O_4_(OH)","Ca Cu V O H","IMA1992 s.p."," ",4311,"Adelite","orthorhombic","P212121","Ca Cu^2+ V^5+ O H","Tg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Taniajacoite","Taniajacoite","SrCaMn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O","SrCaMn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O","SrCaMn^3+^_2_Si_4_O_11_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","SrCaMn^3+^_2_Si_4_O_11_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Sr Ca Mn Si O H","IMA2014-107"," ",6383,"Ruizite","triclinic","C1","Sr Ca Mn^3+ Si O H","Tjc","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Tanohataite","Tanohataite","LiMn2+2Si3O8(OH)","LiMn2Si3O8(OH)","LiMn_2_Si_3_O_8_(OH)","LiMn^2+^_2_Si_3_O_8_(OH)","Li Mn Si O H","IMA2007-019"," ",5622,"Pectolite","triclinic","P1","Li Mn^2+ Si O H","Tnh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tantalaeschynite-(Ce)","Tantalaeschynite-(Ce)","Ce3+(Ti4+Ta5+)O6","Ce(TiTa)O6","Ce(TiTa)O_6_","Ce^3+^(Ti^4+^Ta^5+^)O_6_","Ce Ti Ta O","IMA2023-058"," ",7449,"Aeschynite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ce^3+ Ti^4+ Ta^5+ O","Taes-Ce",,"No" +"Tantalaeschynite-(Y)","Tantalaeschynite-(Y)","Y(Ti4+Ta5+)O6","Y(TiTa)O6","Y(TiTa)O_6_","Y(Ti^4+^Ta^5+^)O_6_","Y Ti Ta O","IMA1969-043"," ",4312,"Aeschynite","orthorhombic",,"Y Ti^4+ Ta^5+ O","Taes-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Tantalcarbide","Tantalcarbide","Ta4+C4-","TaC","TaC","Ta^4+^C^4-^","Ta C"," "," ",4313,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Ta^4+ C^4-","Tcb","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Tantalite-(Fe)","Tantalite-(Fe)","Fe2+Ta5+2O6","Fe2+Ta2O6","Fe^2+^Ta_2_O_6_","Fe^2+^Ta^5+^_2_O_6_","Fe Ta O","IMA2007 s.p."," ",1914,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Fe^2+ Ta^5+ O","Ttl-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Tantalite-(Mg)","Tantalite-(Mg)","MgTa5+2O6","MgTa2O6","MgTa_2_O_6_","MgTa^5+^_2_O_6_","Mg Ta O","IMA2002-018"," ",5045,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Mg Ta^5+ O","Ttl-Mg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Tantalite-(Mn)","Tantalite-(Mn)","Mn2+Ta5+2O6","Mn2+Ta2O6","Mn^2+^Ta_2_O_6_","Mn^2+^Ta^5+^_2_O_6_","Mn Ta O","IMA2007 s.p."," ",3014,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Mn^2+ Ta^5+ O","Ttl-Mn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Tantalowodginite","Tantalowodginite","(Mn2+,☐)Ta5+Ta5+2O8","(Mn,☐)TaTa2O8","(Mn,[box])TaTa_2_O_8_","(Mn^2+^,[box])Ta^5+^Ta^5+^_2_O_8_","Mn Ta O","IMA2017-095"," ",6719,"Columbite","monoclinic","C2/c","Mn^2+ Ta^5+ O","Ttwdg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Tanteuxenite-(Y)","Tanteuxenite-(Y)","Y(Ta5+Ti4+)O6","Y(TaTi)O6","Y(TaTi)O_6_","Y(Ta^5+^Ti^4+^)O_6_","Y Ta Ti O","IMA1987 s.p., IMA2022 s.p."," ",4314,"Columbite",,,"Y Ta^5+ Ti^4+ O","Ttx-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Tantite","Tantite","Ta2O5","Ta2O5","Ta_2_O_5_","Ta_2_O_5_","Ta O","IMA1982-066"," ",4315," ","monoclinic","I2","Ta O","Tan","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Tapiaite","Tapiaite","Ca5Al2(As5+O4)4(OH)4·12H2O","Ca5Al2(AsO4)4(OH)4·12H2O","Ca_5_Al_2_(AsO_4_)_4_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Ca_5_Al_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Ca Al As O H","IMA2014-024"," ",6327,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca Al As^5+ O H","Tpi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tapiolite-(Fe)","Tapiolite-(Fe)","Fe2+Ta5+2O6","Fe2+Ta2O6","Fe^2+^Ta_2_O_6_","Fe^2+^Ta^5+^_2_O_6_","Fe Ta O","IMA1983-A, IMA2007 s.p."," ",1915,"Tapiolite","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Fe^2+ Ta^5+ O","Tap-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Tapiolite-(Mn)","Tapiolite-(Mn)","Mn2+Ta5+2O6","Mn2+Ta2O6","Mn^2+^Ta_2_O_6_","Mn^2+^Ta^5+^_2_O_6_","Mn Ta O","IMA1983-005"," ",3015,"Tapiolite","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Mn^2+ Ta^5+ O","Tap-Mn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Taramellite","Taramellite","Ba4(Fe3+,Ti4+)4O2[B2Si8O27]Cl0-1","Ba4(Fe3+,Ti)4O2[B2Si8O27]Clx","Ba_4_(Fe^3+^,Ti)_4_O_2_[B_2_Si_8_O_27_]Cl_x_","Ba_4_(Fe^3+^,Ti^4+^)_4_O_2_[B_2_Si_8_O_27_]Cl_0-1_","Ba Fe Ti O B Si Cl"," "," ",4316," ","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Ba Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O B Si Cl","Tmel","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Taramite","Taramite","Na(NaCa)(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","Na(NaCa)(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na(NaCa)(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",4317,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Al Si O H","Trm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Taranakite","Taranakite","K3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2·18H2O","K3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2·18H2O","K_3_Al_5_(PO_3_OH)_6_(PO_4_)_2_·18H_2_O","K_3_Al_5_(PO_3_OH)_6_(PO_4_)_2_·18H_2_O","K Al P O H"," "," ",4318,"Taranakite","hexagonal","R3c","K Al P O H","Tar","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Tarapacáite","Tarapacaite","K2Cr6+O4","K2(CrO4)","K_2_(CrO_4_)","K_2_Cr^6+^O_4_","K Cr O"," "," ",4319," ","orthorhombic","Pnam, Pmcn","K Cr^6+ O","Tpc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tarbagataite","Tarbagataite","(K☐)CaFe2+7Ti4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)5","(K☐)CaFe2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)5","(K[box])CaFe^2+^_7_Ti_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_5_","(K[box])CaFe^2+^_7_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_5_","K Ca Fe Ti Si O H","IMA2010-048"," ",5877,"Astrophyllite-Astrophyllite","triclinic","P1","K Ca Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Tbg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tarbuttite","Tarbuttite","Zn2+2(PO4)(OH)","Zn2(PO4)(OH)","Zn_2_(PO_4_)(OH)","Zn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)(OH)","Zn P O H"," "," ",4320,"Tarbuttite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ P O H","Tbt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tarkianite","Tarkianite","(Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)4S8","(Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)4S8","(Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)_4_S_8_","(Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)_4_S_8_","Cu Fe Re Mo S","IMA2003-004"," ",5220," ","cubic","F43m","Cu Fe Re Mo S","Trk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Tartarosite","Tartarosite","C","C","C","C","C","IMA2019-016a"," ",7331," ","cubic","I213","C","T",,"Yes" +"Tarutinoite","Tarutinoite","Ag1+3Pb2+7Bi3+7S2-19","Ag3Pb7Bi7S19","Ag_3_Pb_7_Bi_7_S_19_","Ag^1+^_3_Pb^2+^_7_Bi^3+^_7_S^2-^_19_","Ag Pb Bi S","IMA2023-122"," ",7478,"Lillianite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Trtn",,"No" +"Taseqite","Taseqite","Na12Sr3Ca6Fe2+3Zr4+3Nb5+Si25O73(O,OH,H2O)3Cl2","Na12Sr3Ca6Fe3Zr3NbSi25O73(O,OH,H2O)3Cl2","Na_12_Sr_3_Ca_6_Fe_3_Zr_3_NbSi_25_O_73_(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_Cl_2_","Na_12_Sr_3_Ca_6_Fe^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^Si_25_O_73_(O,OH,H_2_O)_3_Cl_2_","Na Sr Ca Fe Zr Nb Si O H Cl","IMA2002-055"," ",4321,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Sr Ca Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H Cl","Tsq","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tashelgite","Tashelgite","CaMgFe2+Al9O16(OH)","CaMgFe2+Al9O16(OH)","CaMgFe^2+^Al_9_O_16_(OH)","CaMgFe^2+^Al_9_O_16_(OH)","Ca Mg Fe Al O H","IMA2010-017"," ",5846,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","Pc","Ca Mg Fe^2+ Al O H","Thg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Tassieite","Tassieite","NaCa2Mg3Fe2+2Fe3+(PO4)6·2H2O","NaCa2Mg3Fe2+2Fe3+(PO4)6·2H2O","NaCa_2_Mg_3_Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_6_·2H_2_O","NaCa_2_Mg_3_Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_6_·2H_2_O","Na Ca Mg Fe P O H","IMA2005-051"," ",5547,"Wicksite","orthorhombic","Pbca","Na Ca Mg Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Tas","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Tatarinovite","Tatarinovite","Ca3Al(S6+O4)[B(OH)4](OH)6·12H2O","Ca3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6·12H2O","Ca_3_Al(SO_4_)[B(OH)_4_](OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca_3_Al(S^6+^O_4_)[B(OH)_4_](OH)_6_·12H_2_O","Ca Al S O B H","IMA2015-055"," ",6455,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P63","Ca Al S^6+ O B H","Tat","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Tatarskite","Tatarskite","Ca6Mg2(S6+O4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4·7H2O","Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4·7H2O","Ca_6_Mg_2_(SO_4_)_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_Cl_4_·7H_2_O","Ca_6_Mg_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_4_Cl_4_·7H_2_O","Ca Mg S O C H Cl","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4322," ",,,"Ca Mg S^6+ O C H Cl","Tts","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Tatyanaite","Tatyanaite","(Pt,Pd,Cu)9Cu3Sn4","(Pt,Pd)9Cu3Sn4","(Pt,Pd)_9_Cu_3_Sn_4_","(Pt,Pd,Cu)_9_Cu_3_Sn_4_","Pt Pd Cu Sn","IMA1995-049"," ",4323," ","orthorhombic",,"Pt Pd Cu Sn","Tty","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Tausonite","Tausonite","SrTi4+O3","SrTiO3","SrTiO_3_","SrTi^4+^O_3_","Sr Ti O","IMA1982-077"," ",4324,"Perovskite","cubic, orthorhombic, tetragonal","Pbnm, I4/mcm, Pm3m","Sr Ti^4+ O","Tau","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Tavagnascoite","Tavagnascoite","Bi3+4O4(S6+O4)(OH)2","Bi4O4(SO4)(OH)2","Bi_4_O_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_2_","Bi^3+^_4_O_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_","Bi O S H","IMA2014-099"," ",6397,"Klebelsbergite","orthorhombic","Pca21","Bi^3+ O S^6+ H","Tvg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tavorite","Tavorite","LiFe3+PO4(OH)","LiFe3+(PO4)(OH)","LiFe^3+^(PO_4_)(OH)","LiFe^3+^PO_4_(OH)","Li Fe P O H"," "," ",4325,"Titanite-Amblygonite","triclinic","P1","Li Fe^3+ P O H","Tav","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tazheranite","Tazheranite","(Zr4+,Ti4+,Ca)(O,☐)2","(Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,☐)2","(Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,[box])_2_","(Zr^4+^,Ti^4+^,Ca)(O,[box])_2_","Zr Ti Ca O","IMA1969-008"," ",4326,"Fluorite","cubic","Fm3m, Fm3m","Zr^4+ Ti^4+ Ca O","Taz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tazieffite","Tazieffite","Pb2+20Cd2+2(As3+,Bi3+)22S2-50Cl10","Pb20Cd2(As,Bi)22S50Cl10","Pb_20_Cd_2_(As,Bi)_22_S_50_Cl_10_","Pb^2+^_20_Cd^2+^_2_(As^3+^,Bi^3+^)_22_S^2-^_50_Cl_10_","Pb Cd As Bi S Cl","IMA2008-012"," ",5671,"Vurroite","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ Cd^2+ As^3+ Bi^3+ S^2- Cl","Tzf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tazzoliite","Tazzoliite","Ba2CaSr0.5Na0.5Ti4+2Nb5+3SiO17[PO2(OH)2]0.5","Ba2CaSr0.5Na0.5Ti2Nb3SiO17[PO2(OH)2]0.5","Ba_2_CaSr_0.5_Na_0.5_Ti_2_Nb_3_SiO_17_[PO_2_(OH)_2_]_0.5_","Ba_2_CaSr_0.5_Na_0.5_Ti^4+^_2_Nb^5+^_3_SiO_17_[PO_2_(OH)_2_]_0.5_","Ba Ca Sr Na Ti Nb Si O P H","IMA2011-018"," ",5946,"Pyrochlore","orthorhombic",,"Ba Ca Sr Na Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O P H","Tzo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Teallite","Teallite","PbSnS2","PbSnS2","PbSnS_2_","PbSnS_2_","Pb Sn S"," "," ",4327,"Arsenolamprite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Pb Sn S","Tel","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Tedhadleyite","Tedhadleyite","Hg2+Hg1+10O4I1-2(Cl,Br)2","Hg2+Hg1+10O4I2(Cl,Br)2","Hg^2+^Hg^1+^_10_O_4_I_2_(Cl,Br)_2_","Hg^2+^Hg^1+^_10_O_4_I^1-^_2_(Cl,Br)_2_","Hg O I Cl Br","IMA2001-035"," ",4328," ","triclinic","A1","Hg^2+ Hg^1+ O I^1- Cl Br","Ted","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Teepleite","Teepleite","Na2B(OH)4Cl","Na2B(OH)4Cl","Na_2_B(OH)_4_Cl","Na_2_B(OH)_4_Cl","Na B O H Cl"," "," ",4329," ","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Na B O H Cl","Tee","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Tegengrenite","Tegengrenite","(Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4","(Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4","(Mn^3+^_0.5_Sb^5+^_0.5_)Mg_2_O_4_","(Mn^3+^_0.5_Sb^5+^_0.5_)Mg_2_O_4_","Mn Sb Mg O","IMA1999-002"," ",4330,"Spinel","hexagonal",,"Mn^3+ Sb^5+ Mg O","Teg","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Teineite","Teineite","Cu2+Te4+O3·2H2O","Cu2+(Te4+O3)·2H2O","Cu^2+^(Te^4+^O_3_)·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^Te^4+^O_3_·2H_2_O","Cu Te O H"," "," ",4331,"Chalcomenite","orthorhombic","P212121","Cu^2+ Te^4+ O H","Tei","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Telargpalite","Telargpalite","(Pd,Ag)3Te","(Pd,Ag)3Te","(Pd,Ag)_3_Te","(Pd,Ag)_3_Te","Pd Ag Te","IMA1972-030"," ",4332," ","cubic",,"Pd Ag Te","Tlp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Tellurantimony","Tellurantimony","Sb3+2Te2-3","Sb2Te3","Sb_2_Te_3_","Sb^3+^_2_Te^2-^_3_","Sb Te","IMA1972-002"," ",4333,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","R3m","Sb^3+ Te^2-","Tea","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tellurite","Tellurite","Te4+O2","TeO2","TeO_2_","Te^4+^O_2_","Te O"," "," ",4334," ","orthorhombic","Pbca, Pcab","Te^4+ O","Tlr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tellurium","Tellurium","Te","Te","Te","Te","Te"," "," ",4335," ","hexagonal","P3221, P3121","Te","Te","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","Yes" +"Tellurobismuthite","Tellurobismuthite","Bi3+2Te2-3","Bi2Te3","Bi_2_Te_3_","Bi^3+^_2_Te^2-^_3_","Bi Te"," "," ",4336,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","R3m, R3m","Bi^3+ Te^2-","Tbi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tellurohauchecornite","Tellurohauchecornite","Ni9BiTeS8","Ni9BiTeS8","Ni_9_BiTeS_8_","Ni_9_BiTeS_8_","Ni Bi Te S","IMA1978 s.p."," ",4337,"Hauchecornite","tetragonal","P4/mmm","Ni Bi Te S","Thau","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Telluromandarinoite","Telluromandarinoite","Fe3+2(Te4+O3)3·6H2O","Fe3+2(Te4+O3)3·6H2O","Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·6H_2_O","Fe^3+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·6H_2_O","Fe Te O H","IMA2011-013"," ",5943,"Mandarinoite","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^3+ Te^4+ O H","Tmda","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Telluronevskite","Telluronevskite","Bi3TeSe2","Bi3TeSe2","Bi_3_TeSe_2_","Bi_3_TeSe_2_","Bi Te Se","IMA1993-027a"," ",4338,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","P3m1","Bi Te Se","Tnvk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Telluropalladinite","Telluropalladinite","Pd9Te4","Pd9Te4","Pd_9_Te_4_","Pd_9_Te_4_","Pd Te","IMA1978-078"," ",4339," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Pd Te","Tpdn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Telluroperite","Telluroperite","Pb2+3Te4+O4Cl2","Pb(Te0.5Pb0.5)O2Cl","Pb(Te_0.5_Pb_0.5_)O_2_Cl","Pb^2+^_3_Te^4+^O_4_Cl_2_","Pb Te O Cl","IMA2009-044"," ",5773,"Nadorite","orthorhombic","Bmmb","Pb^2+ Te^4+ O Cl","Tpr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Telyushenkoite","Telyushenkoite","CsNa6Be2Al3Si15O39F2","CsNa6Be2Al3Si15O39F2","CsNa_6_Be_2_Al_3_Si_15_O_39_F_2_","CsNa_6_Be_2_Al_3_Si_15_O_39_F_2_","Cs Na Be Al Si O F","IMA2001-012"," ",4340,"Leifite","hexagonal","P3m1","Cs Na Be Al Si O F","Tys","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Temagamite","Temagamite","Pd3HgTe3","Pd3HgTe3","Pd_3_HgTe_3_","Pd_3_HgTe_3_","Pd Hg Te","IMA1973-018"," ",4341," ","orthorhombic",,"Pd Hg Te","Tem","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Tengchongite","Tengchongite","Ca(U6+O2)6(Mo6+O4OH)2O2(OH)4·9H2O","Ca(UO2)6(MoO4OH)2O2(OH)4·9H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_6_(MoO_4_OH)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_·9H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_6_(Mo^6+^O_4_OH)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_·9H_2_O","Ca U O Mo H","IMA1984-031"," ",4342,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","C2221","Ca U^6+ O Mo^6+ H","Tcg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tengerite-(Y)","Tengerite-(Y)","Y2(CO3)3·2-3H2O","Y2(CO3)3·2-3H2O","Y_2_(CO_3_)_3_·2-3H_2_O","Y_2_(CO_3_)_3_·2-3H_2_O","Y C O H","IMA1993 s.p."," ",4343,"Tengerite","orthorhombic","Bb21m","Y C O H","Ten-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tennantite-(Cd)","Tennantite-(Cd)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Cd2+2)As3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Cd2)As4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Cd_2)_As_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Cd^2+^_2_)As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Cd As S","IMA2021-083"," ",7191,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Cd^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Tnt-Cd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tennantite-(Cu)","Tennantite-(Cu)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Cu2+2)As3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Cu2)As4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Cu_2_)As_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Cu^2+^_2_)As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu As S","IMA2020-096"," ",7110,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Tnt-Cu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tennantite-(Fe)","Tennantite-(Fe)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Fe2+2)As3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Fe_2_)As_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Fe^2+^_2_)As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Fe As S","IMA2019 s.p."," ",4344,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Tnt-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Tennantite-(Hg)","Tennantite-(Hg)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Hg2+2)As3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Hg2)As4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Hg_2_)As_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Hg^2+^_2_)As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Hg As S","IMA2020-063"," ",7077,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Hg^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Tnt-Hg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tennantite-(In)","Tennantite-(In)","Cu1+6(Cu1+5In3+)As3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu5In)As4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_5_In)As_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_5_In^3+^)As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu In As S","IMA2023-011"," ",7366,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ In^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Tnt-In",,"No" +"Tennantite-(Mn)","Tennantite-(Mn)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Mn2+2)As3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Mn2)As4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Mn_2_)As_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Mn^2+^_2_)As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Mn As S","IMA2022-040"," ",7263,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Mn^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Tnt-Mn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tennantite-(Ni)","Tennantite-(Ni)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Ni2+2)As3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Ni2)As4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Ni_2_)As_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Ni^2+^_2_)As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Ni As S","IMA2021-018"," ",7131,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Ni^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Tnt-Ni","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tennantite-(Zn)","Tennantite-(Zn)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Zn2+2)As3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Zn2)As4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Zn_2_)As_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_)As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Zn As S","IMA2019 s.p."," ",6918,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Zn^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Tnt-Zn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tenorite","Tenorite","Cu2+O","CuO","CuO","Cu^2+^O","Cu O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4345," ","monoclinic","Cc, C2/c","Cu^2+ O","Tnr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Tephroite","Tephroite","Mn2+2SiO4","Mn2+2(SiO4)","Mn^2+^_2_(SiO_4_)","Mn^2+^_2_SiO_4_","Mn Si O"," "," ",4346,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm, Pnma","Mn^2+ Si O","Tep","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Terlinguacreekite","Terlinguacreekite","Hg2+3O2Cl2","Hg2+3O2Cl2","Hg^2+^_3_O_2_Cl_2_","Hg^2+^_3_O_2_Cl_2_","Hg O Cl","IMA2004-018"," ",5278," ","orthorhombic",,"Hg^2+ O Cl","Tck","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Terlinguaite","Terlinguaite","Hg2OCl","Hg2OCl","Hg_2_OCl","Hg_2_OCl","Hg O Cl"," "," ",4347," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Hg O Cl","Tlg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ternesite","Ternesite","Ca5(SiO4)2(S6+O4)","Ca5(SiO4)2(SO4)","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)","Ca_5_(SiO_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)","Ca Si O S","IMA1995-015"," ",4348,"Ternesite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca Si O S^6+","Tns","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Ternovite","Ternovite","MgNb5+4O11·8-12H2O","MgNb4O11·8-12H2O","MgNb_4_O_11_·8-12H_2_O","MgNb^5+^_4_O_11_·8-12H_2_O","Mg Nb O H","IMA1992-044"," ",4349," ",,,"Mg Nb^5+ O H","Tno","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Terranovaite","Terranovaite","NaCaAl3Si17O40·~8H2O","NaCaAl3Si17O40·~8H2O","NaCaAl_3_Si_17_O_40_·~8H_2_O","NaCaAl_3_Si_17_O_40_·~8H_2_O","Na Ca Al Si O H","IMA1995-026"," ",4350," ","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Na Ca Al Si O H","Tnv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Terrywallaceite","Terrywallaceite","Ag1+Pb2+(Sb3+,Bi3+)3S2-6","AgPb(Sb,Bi)3S6","AgPb(Sb,Bi)_3_S_6_","Ag^1+^Pb^2+^(Sb^3+^,Bi^3+^)_3_S^2-^_6_","Ag Pb Sb Bi S","IMA2011-017"," ",5874,"Lillianite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Twl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Terskite","Terskite","Na4Zr4+Si6O14(OH)4","Na4ZrSi6O16·2H2O","Na_4_ZrSi_6_O_16_·2H_2_O","Na_4_Zr^4+^Si_6_O_14_(OH)_4_","Na Zr Si O H","IMA1982-039"," ",4351,"Terskite","orthorhombic","Pnc2","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Ter","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tertschite","Tertschite","Ca4B10O19·20H2O","Ca4B10O19·20H2O","Ca_4_B_10_O_19_·20H_2_O","Ca_4_B_10_O_19_·20H_2_O","Ca B O H"," "," ",4352," ",,,"Ca B O H","Trt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Teruggite","Teruggite","Ca4Mg[As5+B6O11(OH)6]2·14H2O","Ca4Mg[AsB6O11(OH)6]2·14H2O","Ca_4_Mg[AsB_6_O_11_(OH)_6_]_2_·14H_2_O","Ca_4_Mg[As^5+^B_6_O_11_(OH)_6_]_2_·14H_2_O","Ca Mg As B O H","IMA1968-007"," ",4353," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Mg As^5+ B O H","Tgg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Teschemacherite","Teschemacherite","(N3-H4)HCO3","(NH4)H(CO3)","(NH_4_)H(CO_3_)","(N^3-^H_4_)HCO_3_","N H C O"," "," ",4354," ","orthorhombic","Pccn","N^3- H C O","Tmh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Testibiopalladite","Testibiopalladite","PdSbTe","PdSbTe","PdSbTe","PdSbTe","Pd Sb Te","IMA2023 s.p., IMA2023-H"," ",4355,"Pyrite","cubic","P213","Pd Sb Te"," ",,"No" +"Tetra-auricupride","Tetra-auricupride","CuAu","CuAu","CuAu","CuAu","Cu Au","IMA1982-005"," ",4356," ",,,"Cu Au","Taur","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Tetradymite","Tetradymite","Bi3+2Te2-2S2-","Bi2Te2S","Bi_2_Te_2_S","Bi^3+^_2_Te^2-^_2_S^2-^","Bi Te S"," "," ",4359,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","R3m, R3","Bi^3+ Te^2- S^2-","Ttd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tetraferriannite","Tetraferriannite","KFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2","KFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2","KFe^2+^_3_(Si_3_Fe^3+^)O_10_(OH)_2_","KFe^2+^_3_(Si_3_Fe^3+^)O_10_(OH)_2_","K Fe Si O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",4357,"Mica","monoclinic, hexagonal","C2/m","K Fe^2+ Si Fe^3+ O H","Tfann","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Tetraferriphlogopite","Tetraferriphlogopite","KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2","KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2","KMg_3_(Si_3_Fe^3+^)O_10_(OH)_2_","KMg_3_(Si_3_Fe^3+^)O_10_(OH)_2_","K Mg Si Fe O H","IMA1998 s.p."," ",4358,"Mica",,,"K Mg Si Fe^3+ O H","Tfphl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Tetraferroplatinum","Tetraferroplatinum","PtFe","PtFe","PtFe","PtFe","Pt Fe","IMA1974-012b"," ",4360,"Potarite","tetragonal","P4/mmm","Pt Fe","Tfpt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Tetrahedrite-(Cd)","Tetrahedrite-(Cd)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Cd2+2)Sb3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Cd2)Sb4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Cd_2_)Sb_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Cd^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Cd Sb S","IMA2022-115"," ",7337,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Cd^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ttr-Cd",,"No" +"Tetrahedrite-(Cu)","Tetrahedrite-(Cu)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Cu2+2)Sb3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Cu2)Sb4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Cu_2_)Sb_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Cu^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Sb S","IMA2022-078"," ",7298,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ttr-Cu",,"No" +"Tetrahedrite-(Fe)","Tetrahedrite-(Fe)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Fe2+2)Sb3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Fe2)Sb4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Fe_2_)Sb_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Fe^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Fe Sb S","IMA2019 s.p."," ",6919,"Tetrahedrite",,,"Cu^1+ Fe^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ttr-Fe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tetrahedrite-(Hg)","Tetrahedrite-(Hg)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Hg2+2)Sb3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Hg2)Sb4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Hg_2_)Sb_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Hg^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Hg Sb S","IMA2019-003"," ",6921,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ttr-Hg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tetrahedrite-(Mn)","Tetrahedrite-(Mn)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Mn2+2)Sb3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Mn2)Sb4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Mn_2_)Sb_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Mn^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Mn Sb S","IMA2021-098"," ",7201,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Mn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ttr-Mn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tetrahedrite-(Ni)","Tetrahedrite-(Ni)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Ni2+2)Sb3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Ni2)Sb4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Ni_2_)Sb_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Ni^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Ni Sb S","IMA2021-031"," ",7141,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Ni^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ttr-Ni","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tetrahedrite-(Zn)","Tetrahedrite-(Zn)","Cu1+6(Cu1+4Zn2+2)Sb3+4S2-13","Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S13","Cu_6_(Cu_4_Zn_2_)Sb_4_S_13_","Cu^1+^_6_(Cu^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_)Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Cu Zn Sb S","IMA2019 s.p."," ",4361,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Cu^1+ Zn^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Ttr-Zn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tetrarooseveltite","Tetrarooseveltite","Bi3+As5+O4","Bi(AsO4)","Bi(AsO_4_)","Bi^3+^As^5+^O_4_","Bi As O","IMA1993-006"," ",4362,"Scheelite","tetragonal","I41/a","Bi^3+ As^5+ O","Troo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tetrataenite","Tetrataenite","FeNi","FeNi","FeNi","FeNi","Fe Ni","IMA1979-076"," ",4363," ","tetragonal, monoclinic","P4/mmm, Pm","Fe Ni","Ttae","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Tetrawickmanite","Tetrawickmanite","Mn2+Sn4+(OH)6","Mn2+Sn4+(OH)6","Mn^2+^Sn^4+^(OH)_6_","Mn^2+^Sn^4+^(OH)_6_","Mn Sn O H","IMA1971-018"," ",4364,"Perovskite","tetragonal","P42/n","Mn^2+ Sn^4+ O H","Twm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tewite","Tewite","(K1.5☐0.5)(Te4+1.25W6+0.25☐0.5)2W6+5O19","(K1.5☐0.5)(Te1.25W0.25☐0.5)2W5O19","(K_1.5_[box]_0.5_)(Te_1.25_W_0.25_[box]_0.5_)_2_W_5_O_19_","(K_1.5_[box]_0.5_)(Te^4+^_1.25_W^6+^_0.25_[box]_0.5_)_2_W^6+^_5_O_19_","K Te W O","IMA2014-053"," ",6350,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pban","K Te^4+ W^6+ O","Tw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Thadeuite","Thadeuite","CaMg3(PO4)2(OH,F)2","CaMg3(PO4)2(OH,F)2","CaMg_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH,F)_2_","CaMg_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH,F)_2_","Ca Mg P O H F","IMA1978-001"," ",4365," ","orthorhombic","C2221","Ca Mg P O H F","Thd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Thalcusite","Thalcusite","Tl1+2(Cu1+,Cu2+,Fe2+)4S2-4","(Cu,Fe)4Tl2S4","(Cu,Fe)_4_Tl_2_S_4_","Tl^1+^_2_(Cu^1+^,Cu^2+^,Fe^2+^)_4_S^2-^_4_","Cu Fe Tl S","IMA1975-023"," ",4366,"Bukovite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Tl^1+ Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Fe^2+ S^2-","Thl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Thalénite-(Y)","Thalenite-(Y)","Y3Si3O10F","Y3Si3O10F","Y_3_Si_3_O_10_F","Y_3_Si_3_O_10_F","Y Si O F","IMA2014 s.p."," ",4367," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Y Si O F","Tlé-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Thalfenisite","Thalfenisite","Tl6(Fe,Ni)25S26Cl","Tl6(Fe,Ni)25S26Cl","Tl_6_(Fe,Ni)_25_S_26_Cl","Tl_6_(Fe,Ni)_25_S_26_Cl","Tl Fe Ni S Cl","IMA1979-018"," ",4368,"Djerfisherite","cubic",,"Tl Fe Ni S Cl","Tfn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Thalhammerite","Thalhammerite","Pd9Ag2Bi2S4","Pd9Ag2Bi2S4","Pd_9_Ag_2_Bi_2_S_4_","Pd_9_Ag_2_Bi_2_S_4_","Pd Ag Bi S","IMA2017-111"," ",6737,"Thalhammerite","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Pd Ag Bi S","Tha","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Thalliomelane","Thalliomelane","Tl1+Mn4+7.5Cu2+0.5O16","TlMn4+7.5Cu2+0.5O16","TlMn^4+^_7.5_Cu^2+^_0.5_O_16_","Tl^1+^Mn^4+^_7.5_Cu^2+^_0.5_O_16_","Tl Mn Cu O","IMA2019-055"," ",6943,"Coronadite","tetragonal","I4/m","Tl^1+ Mn^4+ Cu^2+ O","Tml","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Thalliumpharmacosiderite","Thalliumpharmacosiderite","Tl1+Fe3+4[(As5+O4)3(OH)4]·4H2O","TlFe4[(AsO4)3(OH)4]·4H2O","TlFe_4_[(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_]·4H_2_O","Tl^1+^Fe^3+^_4_[(As^5+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_4_]·4H_2_O","Tl Fe As O H","IMA2013-124"," ",6293,"Pharmacosiderite","cubic","P43m","Tl^1+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Tpsd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Thaumasite","Thaumasite","Ca3Si(OH)6(S6+O4)(CO3)·12H2O","Ca3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O","Ca_3_Si(OH)_6_(CO_3_)(SO_4_)·12H_2_O","Ca_3_Si(OH)_6_(S^6+^O_4_)(CO_3_)·12H_2_O","Ca Si O H C S"," "," ",4369,"Ettringite","hexagonal","P63/m, P63","Ca Si O H S^6+ C","Tma","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Thebaite-(NH4)","Thebaite-(NH4)","(N3-H4)3Al((C2)6+O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)","(NH4)3Al(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)","(NH_4_)_3_Al(C_2_O_4_)(PO_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)","(N^3-^H_4_)_3_Al((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)(PO_3_OH)_2_(H_2_O)","N H Al C O P","IMA2020-072"," ",7088,"Not in a structural group, Oxalate","monoclinic","P21/c","N^3- H Al C O P","Thb-NH4","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Theisite","Theisite","Cu2+5Zn2+5As5+2O8(OH)14","Cu5Zn5(AsO4)2(OH)14","Cu_5_Zn_5_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_14_","Cu^2+^_5_Zn^2+^_5_As^5+^_2_O_8_(OH)_14_","Cu Zn As O H","IMA1980-040"," ",4370," ","orthorhombic, hexagonal",,"Cu^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Ths","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Thénardite","Thenardite","Na2S6+O4","Na2(SO4)","Na_2_(SO_4_)","Na_2_S^6+^O_4_","Na S O","IMA2014 s.p."," ",4371," ","orthorhombic","Fddd","Na S^6+ O","Thn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Theoparacelsite","Theoparacelsite","Cu2+3(OH)2As5+2O7(OH)2","Cu3(OH)2As2O7","Cu_3_(OH)_2_As_2_O_7_","Cu^2+^_3_(OH)_2_As^5+^_2_O_7_(OH)_2_","Cu O H As","IMA1998-012"," ",4372," ","orthorhombic","Pmma","Cu^2+ O H As^5+","Thp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Theophrastite","Theophrastite","Ni2+(OH)2","Ni(OH)2","Ni(OH)_2_","Ni^2+^(OH)_2_","Ni O H","IMA1980-059"," ",4373,"Brucite","hexagonal","P3m1","Ni^2+ O H","Tph","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Therasiaite","Therasiaite","(N3-H4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(S6+O4)3Cl5","(NH4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)3Cl5","(NH_4_)_3_KNa_2_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^(SO_4_)_3_Cl_5_","(N^3-^H_4_)_3_KNa_2_Fe^2+^Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_3_Cl_5_","N H K Na Fe S O Cl","IMA2013-050"," ",6214,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","Cc","N^3- H K Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O Cl","The","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Thérèsemagnanite","Theresemagnanite","NaCo2+4(S6+O4)(OH)6Cl·6H2O","NaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl·6H2O","NaCo_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_6_Cl·6H_2_O","NaCo^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_6_Cl·6H_2_O","Na Co S O H Cl","IMA1991-026"," ",4374,"Ktenasite","hexagonal",,"Na Co^2+ S^6+ O H Cl","Tmg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Thermaerogenite","Thermaerogenite","Cu2+Al2O4","CuAl2O4","CuAl_2_O_4_","Cu^2+^Al_2_O_4_","Cu Al O","IMA2018-021"," ",6766,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Cu^2+ Al O","Tag","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Thermessaite","Thermessaite","K2AlF3(S6+O4)","K2AlF3(SO4)","K_2_AlF_3_(SO_4_)","K_2_AlF_3_(S^6+^O_4_)","K Al F S O","IMA2007-030"," ",5631,"Thermessaite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","K Al F S^6+ O","Tms","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Thermessaite-(NH4)","Thermessaite-(NH4)","(N3-H4)2AlF3(S6+O4)","(NH4)2AlF3(SO4)","(NH_4_)_2_AlF_3_(SO_4_)","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_AlF_3_(S^6+^O_4_)","N H Al F S O","IMA2011-077"," ",6025,"Thermessaite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","N^3- H Al F S^6+ O","Tms-NH4","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Thermonatrite","Thermonatrite","Na2CO3·H2O","Na2(CO3)·H2O","Na_2_(CO_3_)·H_2_O","Na_2_CO_3_·H_2_O","Na C O H"," "," ",4375," ","orthorhombic","P21ab, Pca21","Na C O H","Tnat","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Theuerdankite","Theuerdankite","Ag1+3(As5+O4)","Ag3(AsO4)","Ag_3_(AsO_4_)","Ag^1+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)","Ag As O","IMA2023-009"," ",7364,"Not in a structural group","cubic","P43n","Ag^1+ As^5+ O","Td",,"No" +"Thionasilite","Thionasilite","Na2Si2S2-2O3","Na2Si2S2O3","Na_2_Si_2_S_2_O_3_","Na_2_Si_2_S^2-^_2_O_3_","Na Si S O","IMA2025-021"," ",7580,"Apophyllite","orthorhombic","Aba2","Na Si S^2- O","Thio",,"No" +"Thomasclarkite-(Y)","Thomasclarkite-(Y)","NaY(HCO3)(OH)3·4H2O","NaY(HCO3)(OH)3·4H2O","NaY(HCO_3_)(OH)_3_·4H_2_O","NaY(HCO_3_)(OH)_3_·4H_2_O","Na Y H C O","IMA1997-047"," ",4376," ","monoclinic","P2","Na Y H C O","Tcl-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Thometzekite","Thometzekite","Pb2+Cu2+2(As5+O4)2·2H2O","PbCu2+2(AsO4)2·2H2O","PbCu^2+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb Cu As O H","IMA1982-103"," ",4377,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Tmz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Thomsenolite","Thomsenolite","NaCaAlF6·H2O","NaCaAlF6·H2O","NaCaAlF_6_·H_2_O","NaCaAlF_6_·H_2_O","Na Ca Al F H O"," "," ",4378," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Ca Al F H O","Tse","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Thomsonite-Ca","Thomsonite-Ca","NaCa2(Al5Si5)O20·6H2O","NaCa2(Al5Si5)O20·6H2O","NaCa_2_(Al_5_Si_5_)O_20_·6H_2_O","NaCa_2_(Al_5_Si_5_)O_20_·6H_2_O","Na Ca Al Si O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",4379,"Thomsonite","orthorhombic","Pncn, Pbmn","Na Ca Al Si O H","Thm-Ca","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Thomsonite-Sr","Thomsonite-Sr","NaSr2Al5Si5O20·6-7H2O","NaSr2(Al5Si5)O20·6-7H2O","NaSr_2_(Al_5_Si_5_)O_20_·6-7H_2_O","NaSr_2_Al_5_Si_5_O_20_·6-7H_2_O","Na Sr Al Si O H","IMA2000-025"," ",4380,"Thomsonite","orthorhombic","Pcnn","Na Sr Al Si O H","Thm-Sr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Thorasphite","Thorasphite","Th4+2H(As5+O4)2(PO4)·6H2O","Th2H(AsO4)2(PO4)·6H2O","Th_2_H(AsO_4_)_2_(PO_4_)·6H_2_O","Th^4+^_2_H(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(PO_4_)·6H_2_O","Th H As O P","IMA2017-085"," ",6713,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Th^4+ H As^5+ O P","Tp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Thorbastnäsite","Thorbastnasite","Th4+Ca(CO3)2F2·3H2O","ThCa(CO3)2F2·3H2O","ThCa(CO_3_)_2_F_2_·3H_2_O","Th^4+^Ca(CO_3_)_2_F_2_·3H_2_O","Th Ca C O F H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",4381,"Bastnäsite","hexagonal","P62c","Th^4+ Ca C O F H","Tbsn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Thoreaulite","Thoreaulite","Sn2+Ta2O6","Sn2+Ta2O6","Sn^2+^Ta_2_O_6_","Sn^2+^Ta_2_O_6_","Sn Ta O"," "," ",4382," ","monoclinic","C2/c, Cc","Sn^2+ Ta O","Tre","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Thorianite","Thorianite","Th4+O2","ThO2","ThO_2_","Th^4+^O_2_","Th O"," "," ",4383,"Fluorite","cubic","Fm3m","Th^4+ O","Tho","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Thorikosite","Thorikosite","Pb2+3O3Sb3+(OH)Cl2","Pb3O3Sb3+(OH)Cl2","Pb_3_O_3_Sb^3+^(OH)Cl_2_","Pb^2+^_3_O_3_Sb^3+^(OH)Cl_2_","Pb O Sb H Cl","IMA1984-013"," ",4384," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Pb^2+ O Sb^3+ H Cl","Thk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Thorite","Thorite","Th4+SiO4","Th(SiO4)","Th(SiO_4_)","Th^4+^SiO_4_","Th Si O"," "," ",4385,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Th^4+ Si O","Thr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Thornasite","Thornasite","Na12Th4+3(Si8O19)4·18H2O","Na12Th3(Si8O19)4·18H2O","Na_12_Th_3_(Si_8_O_19_)_4_·18H_2_O","Na_12_Th^4+^_3_(Si_8_O_19_)_4_·18H_2_O","Na Th Si O H","IMA1985-050"," ",4386," ","hexagonal","R3c","Na Th^4+ Si O H","Tna","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Thorneite","Thorneite","Pb2+6(Te6+2O10)(CO3)Cl2(H2O)","Pb6(Te2O10)(CO3)Cl2(H2O)","Pb_6_(Te_2_O_10_)(CO_3_)Cl_2_(H_2_O)","Pb^2+^_6_(Te^6+^_2_O_10_)(CO_3_)Cl_2_(H_2_O)","Pb Te O C Cl H","IMA2009-023"," ",5751,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ Te^6+ O C Cl H","Tne","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Thorosteenstrupine","Thorosteenstrupine","(Ca,Th4+,Mn2+,Mn3+)3Si4O11F·6H2O","(Ca,Th,Mn)3Si4O11F·6H2O","(Ca,Th,Mn)_3_Si_4_O_11_F·6H_2_O","(Ca,Th^4+^,Mn^2+^,Mn^3+^)_3_Si_4_O_11_F·6H_2_O","Ca Th Mn Si O F H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4388," ",,,"Ca Th^4+ Mn^2+ Mn^3+ Si O F H","Tssp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Thortveitite","Thortveitite","Sc2Si2O7","Sc2Si2O7","Sc_2_Si_2_O_7_","Sc_2_Si_2_O_7_","Sc Si O"," "," ",4389,"Thortveitite","monoclinic","C2/m","Sc Si O","Tvt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Thorutite","Thorutite","(Th4+,U4+,Ca)Ti4+2(O,OH)6","(Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6","(Th,U,Ca)Ti_2_(O,OH)_6_","(Th^4+^,U^4+^,Ca)Ti^4+^_2_(O,OH)_6_","Th U Ca Ti O H"," "," ",4390,"Brannerite","monoclinic","C2/m","Th^4+ U^4+ Ca Ti^4+ O H","Thu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Threadgoldite","Threadgoldite","Al(U6+O2)2(PO4)2(OH)·8H2O","Al(UO2)2(PO4)2(OH)·8H2O","Al(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·8H_2_O","Al(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·8H_2_O","Al U O P H","IMA1978-066"," ",4391," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Al U^6+ O P H","Tdg","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Thunderbayite","Thunderbayite","TlAg3Au3Sb7S6","TlAg3Au3Sb7S6","TlAg_3_Au_3_Sb_7_S_6_","TlAg_3_Au_3_Sb_7_S_6_","Tl Ag Au Sb S","IMA2020-042"," ",7050," ","triclinic","P1","Tl Ag Au Sb S","Tby","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tianhongqiite","Tianhongqiite","Cr3+Ti4+O3(OH)","CrTiO3(OH)","CrTiO_3_(OH)","Cr^3+^Ti^4+^O_3_(OH)","Cr Ti O H","IMA2021-006b"," ",7253,"Tivanite","monoclinic","P21/n","Cr^3+ Ti^4+ O H","Thq","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Tianhuixinite","Tianhuixinite","(Mo6+O3)3·H2O","(MoO3)3·H2O","(MoO_3_)_3_·H_2_O","(Mo^6+^O_3_)_3_·H_2_O","Mo O H","IMA2022-081"," ",7301," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Mo^6+ O H","Thx",,"No" +"Tiberiobardiite","Tiberiobardiite","{Cu2+9Al[SiO3(OH)]2(OH)12(H2O)6}(S6+O4)1.5·10H2O","{Cu9Al[SiO3(OH)]2(OH)12(H2O)6}(SO4)1.5·10H2O","{Cu_9_Al[SiO_3_(OH)]_2_(OH)_12_(H_2_O)_6_}(SO_4_)_1.5_·10H_2_O","{Cu^2+^_9_Al[SiO_3_(OH)]_2_(OH)_12_(H_2_O)_6_}(S^6+^O_4_)_1.5_·10H_2_O","Cu Al Si O H S","IMA2016-096"," ",6623,"Chalcophyllite","hexagonal","R3","Cu^2+ Al Si O H S^6+","Tbd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tiemannite","Tiemannite","Hg2+Se2-","HgSe","HgSe","Hg^2+^Se^2-^","Hg Se"," "," ",4392,"Diamond-Sphalerite","cubic","F43m","Hg^2+ Se^2-","Tmn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tienshanite","Tienshanite","K(Na,K,☐)9Ca2Ba6Mn2+6Ti4+6B12Si36O114(O,OH,F)11","K(Na,K,☐)9Ca2Ba6Mn2+6Ti6B12Si36O114(O,OH,F)11","K(Na,K,[box])_9_Ca_2_Ba_6_Mn^2+^_6_Ti_6_B_12_Si_36_O_114_(O,OH,F)_11_","K(Na,K,[box])_9_Ca_2_Ba_6_Mn^2+^_6_Ti^4+^_6_B_12_Si_36_O_114_(O,OH,F)_11_","K Na Ca Ba Mn Ti B Si O H F","IMA1967-028"," ",4393," ","hexagonal","P6/m","K Na Ca Ba Mn^2+ Ti^4+ B Si O H F","Tsh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tiettaite","Tiettaite","K4Na12Fe3+2Si16O41(OH)4·2H2O","K4Na12Fe3+2Si16O41(OH)4·2H2O","K_4_Na_12_Fe^3+^_2_Si_16_O_41_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","K_4_Na_12_Fe^3+^_2_Si_16_O_41_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","K Na Fe Si O H","IMA1991-013, IMA2021 s.p."," ",4394," ","orthorhombic","Cmcm","K Na Fe^3+ Si O H","Tie","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tikhonenkovite","Tikhonenkovite","SrAlF4(OH)·H2O","SrAlF4(OH)·H2O","SrAlF_4_(OH)·H_2_O","SrAlF_4_(OH)·H_2_O","Sr Al F O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4395,"Tikhonenkovite","monoclinic","P21/c","Sr Al F O H","Tik","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tilasite","Tilasite","CaMgAs5+O4F","CaMg(AsO4)F","CaMg(AsO_4_)F","CaMgAs^5+^O_4_F","Ca Mg As O F"," "," ",4396,"Titanite","monoclinic","Cc, C2/c","Ca Mg As^5+ O F","Til","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Tilkerodeite","Tilkerodeite","Pd2HgSe3","Pd2HgSe3","Pd_2_HgSe_3_","Pd_2_HgSe_3_","Pd Hg Se","IMA2019-111"," ",6992,"Jacutingaite","hexagonal","P3m1","Pd Hg Se","Tkr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tilleyite","Tilleyite","Ca5Si2O7(CO3)2","Ca5Si2O7(CO3)2","Ca_5_Si_2_O_7_(CO_3_)_2_","Ca_5_Si_2_O_7_(CO_3_)_2_","Ca Si O C"," "," ",4397," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Ca Si O C","Tly","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Tillmannsite","Tillmannsite","(HgAg3)3+V5+O4","HgAg3(VO4)","HgAg_3_(VO_4_)","(HgAg_3_)^3+^V^5+^O_4_","Hg Ag V O","IMA2001-010"," ",4398," ","tetragonal","I4","Hg Ag V^5+ O","Till","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Timroseite","Timroseite","Pb2+2Cu2+5(Te6+O6)2(OH)2","Pb2Cu5(TeO6)2(OH)2","Pb_2_Cu_5_(TeO_6_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_2_Cu^2+^_5_(Te^6+^O_6_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb Cu Te O H","IMA2009-064"," ",5792,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","P21nm","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H","Tim","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tin","Tin","Sn","Sn","Sn","Sn","Sn"," "," ",4399," ","tetragonal, cubic","I41/amd, Fm3m","Sn","Sn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","Yes" +"Tinaksite","Tinaksite","K2NaCa2Ti4+Si7O18(OH)O","K2NaCa2TiSi7O18(OH)O","K_2_NaCa_2_TiSi_7_O_18_(OH)O","K_2_NaCa_2_Ti^4+^Si_7_O_18_(OH)O","K Na Ca Ti Si O H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",4400," ","triclinic","P1","K Na Ca Ti^4+ Si O H","Tnk","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Tincalconite","Tincalconite","Na2B4O5(OH)4·3H2O","Na2B4O5(OH)4·3H2O","Na_2_B_4_O_5_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Na_2_B_4_O_5_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Na B O H"," "," ",4401," ","hexagonal","R32","Na B O H","Tnc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Tinnunculite","Tinnunculite","C5H4N4O3·2H2O","C5H4N4O3·2H2O","C_5_H_4_N_4_O_3_·2H_2_O","C_5_H_4_N_4_O_3_·2H_2_O","C H N O","IMA2015-021a"," ",6489," ","monoclinic","P21/c","C H N O","Tnn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Tinsleyite","Tinsleyite","KAl2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O","KAl2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O","KAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O","KAl_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O","K Al P O H","IMA1983-004"," ",4402,"Leucophosphite","monoclinic","P21/n","K Al P O H","Tin","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Tinticite","Tinticite","Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3·3H2O","Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3·3H2O","Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·3H_2_O","Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·3H_2_O","Fe P O H"," "," ",4403," ","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ P O H","Ttc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Tintinaite","Tintinaite","Pb2+10Cu1+2Sb3+16S2-35","Pb10Cu2Sb16S35","Pb_10_Cu_2_Sb_16_S_35_","Pb^2+^_10_Cu^1+^_2_Sb^3+^_16_S^2-^_35_","Pb Cu Sb S","IMA1967-010"," ",4404,"Kobellite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Pb^2+ Cu^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Tti","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tinzenite","Tinzenite","Ca2Mn2+4Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2","Ca2Mn2+4Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_4_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_4_Al_4_[B_2_Si_8_O_30_](OH)_2_","Ca Mn Al B Si O H","IMA2016 s.p."," ",4405,"Axinite","triclinic","P1","Ca Mn^2+ Al B Si O H","Tnz","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Tiptopite","Tiptopite","K2(Li,Na,Ca)6(Be6P6)O24(OH)2·1.3H2O","K2(Li,Na,Ca)6(Be6P6)O24(OH)2·1.3H2O","K_2_(Li,Na,Ca)_6_(Be_6_P_6_)O_24_(OH)_2_·1.3H_2_O","K_2_(Li,Na,Ca)_6_(Be_6_P_6_)O_24_(OH)_2_·1.3H_2_O","K Li Na Ca Be P O H","IMA1983-007"," ",4406,"Cancrinite, Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P63","K Li Na Ca Be P O H","Tpt","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tiragalloite","Tiragalloite","Mn2+4As5+Si3O12(OH)","Mn2+4As5+Si3O12(OH)","Mn^2+^_4_As^5+^Si_3_O_12_(OH)","Mn^2+^_4_As^5+^Si_3_O_12_(OH)","Mn As Si O H","IMA1979-061"," ",4407," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Mn^2+ As^5+ Si O H","Tga","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Tischendorfite","Tischendorfite","Pd8Hg3Se9","Pd8Hg3Se9","Pd_8_Hg_3_Se_9_","Pd_8_Hg_3_Se_9_","Pd Hg Se","IMA2001-061"," ",4409," ","orthorhombic",,"Pd Hg Se","Tdf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tisinalite","Tisinalite","Na3Mn2+Ti4+Si6O15(OH)3","Na3Mn2+TiSi6O15(OH)3","Na_3_Mn^2+^TiSi_6_O_15_(OH)_3_","Na_3_Mn^2+^Ti^4+^Si_6_O_15_(OH)_3_","Na Mn Ti Si O H","IMA1979-052"," ",4410,"Lovozerite-Zirsinalite–Lovozerite","hexagonal","P3","Na Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Tis","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tissintite","Tissintite","(Ca,Na,☐)AlSi2O6","(Ca,Na,☐)AlSi2O6","(Ca,Na,[box])AlSi_2_O_6_","(Ca,Na,[box])AlSi_2_O_6_","Ca Na Al Si O","IMA2013-027"," ",6188,"Pyroxene","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca Na Al Si O","Tss","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Tistarite","Tistarite","Ti3+2O3","Ti2O3","Ti_2_O_3_","Ti^3+^_2_O_3_","Ti O","IMA2008-016"," ",5675,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3c","Ti^3+ O","Tta","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Titanite","Titanite","CaTi4+SiO5","CaTi(SiO4)O","CaTi(SiO_4_)O","CaTi^4+^SiO_5_","Ca Ti Si O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4411,"Titanite","monoclinic","P21/a, A2/a, P21, C2/c","Ca Ti^4+ Si O","Ttn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Titanium","Titanium","Ti","Ti","Ti","Ti","Ti","IMA2010-044"," ",5350," ","hexagonal, cubic","P63/mmc, Im3m","Ti","Ti","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","Yes" +"Titanoholtite","Titanoholtite","(Ti4+0.75☐0.25)Al6BSi3O18","(Ti0.75☐0.25)Al6BSi3O18","(Ti_0.75_[box]_0.25_)Al_6_BSi_3_O_18_","(Ti^4+^_0.75_[box]_0.25_)Al_6_BSi_3_O_18_","Ti Al B Si O","IMA2012-069"," ",6123,"Dumortierite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ti^4+ Al B Si O","Thlt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Titanomaghemite","Titanomaghemite","(Ti4+0.5☐0.5)Fe3+2O4","(Ti0.5☐0.5)Fe3+2O4","(Ti_0.5_[box]_0.5_)Fe^3+^_2_O_4_","(Ti^4+^_0.5_[box]_0.5_)Fe^3+^_2_O_4_","Ti Fe O"," "," ",5510,"Spinel","cubic","P4332","Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O","Tmgh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Titanowodginite","Titanowodginite","Mn2+Ti4+Ta5+2O8","Mn2+TiTa2O8","Mn^2+^TiTa_2_O_8_","Mn^2+^Ti^4+^Ta^5+^_2_O_8_","Mn Ti Ta O","IMA1984-008"," ",4412,"Columbite","monoclinic",,"Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Ta^5+ O","Twdg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Titantaramellite","Titantaramellite","Ba4(Ti4+,Fe3+,Mg)4(O,OH)2[B2Si8O27]Clx","Ba4(Ti,Fe3+,Mg)4(O,OH)2[B2Si8O27]Clx","Ba_4_(Ti,Fe^3+^,Mg)_4_(O,OH)_2_[B_2_Si_8_O_27_]Cl_x_","Ba_4_(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Mg)_4_(O,OH)_2_[B_2_Si_8_O_27_]Cl_x_","Ba Ti Fe Mg O H B Si Cl","IMA1977-046"," ",4413," ","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Ba Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Mg O H B Si Cl","Ttmel","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Tivanite","Tivanite","Ti4+V3+O3(OH)","TiV3+O3(OH)","TiV^3+^O_3_(OH)","Ti^4+^V^3+^O_3_(OH)","Ti V O H","IMA1980-035"," ",4414,"Tivanite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ti^4+ V^3+ O H","Tiv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tlalocite","Tlalocite","Cu2+10Zn2+6(Te4+O3)(Te6+O4)2Cl(OH)25·27H2O","Cu10Zn6(Te4+O3)(Te6+O4)2Cl(OH)25·27H2O","Cu_10_Zn_6_(Te^4+^O_3_)(Te^6+^O_4_)_2_Cl(OH)_25_·27H_2_O","Cu^2+^_10_Zn^2+^_6_(Te^4+^O_3_)(Te^6+^O_4_)_2_Cl(OH)_25_·27H_2_O","Cu Zn Te O Cl H","IMA1974-047"," ",4415," ",,,"Cu^2+ Zn^2+ Te^4+ O Te^6+ Cl H","Tla","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tlapallite","Tlapallite","(Ca,Pb2+)3CaCu2+6[Te4+3Te6+O12]2(Te4+O3)2(S6+O4)2·3H2O","(Ca,Pb)3CaCu6[Te4+3Te6+O12]2(Te4+O3)2(SO4)2·3H2O","(Ca,Pb)_3_CaCu_6_[Te^4+^_3_Te^6+^O_12_]_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","(Ca,Pb^2+^)_3_CaCu^2+^_6_[Te^4+^_3_Te^6+^O_12_]_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Ca Pb Cu Te O S H","IMA1977-044"," ",4416," ","monoclinic, hexagonal","P321","Ca Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^4+ Te^6+ O S^6+ H","Tpl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tobelite","Tobelite","(N3-H4)Al2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","(NH4)Al2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2","(NH_4_)Al_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","(N^3-^H_4_)Al_2_(Si_3_Al)O_10_(OH)_2_","N H Al Si O","IMA1981-021"," ",4417,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/c","N^3- H Al Si O","Tbl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Tobermorite","Tobermorite","Ca5Si6O16(OH)2·nH2O","Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2·(Ca·3H2O)","Ca_4_Si_6_O_17_(H_2_O)_2_·(Ca·3H_2_O)","Ca_5_Si_6_O_16_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O","Ca Si O H","IMA2014 s.p."," ",4418,"Tobermorite","triclinic, monoclinic","C1, Bm","Ca Si O H","Tbm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Tochilinite","Tochilinite","6(Fe2+0.9S2-)·5[(Mg,Fe2+)(OH)2]","6(Fe0.9S)·5[(Mg,Fe)(OH)2]","6(Fe_0.9_S)·5[(Mg,Fe)(OH)_2_]","6(Fe^2+^_0.9_S^2-^)·5[(Mg,Fe^2+^)(OH)_2_]","Fe S Mg O H","IMA1971-002"," ",4419,"Tochilinite","triclinic","C1, P1","Fe^2+ S^2- Mg O H","Thi","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration","No" +"Tocornalite","Tocornalite","(Ag1+,Hg1+)I1-","(Ag,Hg)I (?)","(Ag,Hg)I (?)","(Ag^1+^,Hg^1+^)I^1-^","Ag Hg I"," "," ",5490," ",,,"Ag^1+ Hg^1+ I^1-","Toc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Todorokite","Todorokite","(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn4+,Mn3+,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O","(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O","(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)_1-x_(Mn,Mg,Al)_6_O_12_·3-4H_2_O","(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)_1-x_(Mn^4+^,Mn^3+^,Mg,Al)_6_O_12_·3-4H_2_O","Na Ca K Ba Sr Mn Mg Al O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4420," ","monoclinic","P2/m","Na Ca K Ba Sr Mn^4+ Mn^3+ Mg Al O H","Tdr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Tokkoite","Tokkoite","K2Ca4Si7O18(OH)F","K2Ca4Si7O18(OH)F","K_2_Ca_4_Si_7_O_18_(OH)F","K_2_Ca_4_Si_7_O_18_(OH)F","K Ca Si O H F","IMA1985-009"," ",4421," ","triclinic","P1","K Ca Si O H F","Tok","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tokyoite","Tokyoite","Ba2Mn3+(V5+O4)2(OH)","Ba2Mn3+(VO4)2OH","Ba_2_Mn^3+^(VO_4_)_2_OH","Ba_2_Mn^3+^(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)","Ba Mn V O H","IMA2003-036"," ",5242,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ba Mn^3+ V^5+ O H","Tky","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tolbachite","Tolbachite","Cu2+Cl2","CuCl2","CuCl_2_","Cu^2+^Cl_2_","Cu Cl","IMA1982-067"," ",4422," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^2+ Cl","Tbc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Toledoite","Toledoite","TiFeSi","TiFeSi","TiFeSi","TiFeSi","Ti Fe Si","IMA2022-036"," ",7260," ","orthorhombic","Ima2","Ti Fe Si","Tld","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Tolovkite","Tolovkite","IrSbS","IrSbS","IrSbS","IrSbS","Ir Sb S","IMA1980-055"," ",4423,"Cobaltite","orthorhombic","Pca21","Ir Sb S","Tol","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Tolstykhite","Tolstykhite","Au3S4Te6","Au3S4Te6","Au_3_S_4_Te_6_","Au_3_S_4_Te_6_","Au S Te","IMA2022-007"," ",7231,"Maletoyvayamite","triclinic","P1","Au S Te","Tls","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tomamaeite","Tomamaeite","Cu3Pt","Cu3Pt","Cu_3_Pt","Cu_3_Pt","Cu Pt","IMA2019-129"," ",7012,"Auricupride, Perovskite","cubic","Pm3m","Cu Pt","Tmm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Tombstoneite","Tombstoneite","(Ca0.5Pb2+0.5)Pb2+3Cu2+6Te6+2O6(Te4+O3)6(Se4+O3)2(S6+O4)2·3H2O","(Ca0.5Pb0.5)Pb3Cu2+6Te6+2O6(Te4+O3)6(Se4+O3)2(SO4)2·3H2O","(Ca_0.5_Pb_0.5_)Pb_3_Cu^2+^_6_Te^6+^_2_O_6_(Te^4+^O_3_)_6_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","(Ca_0.5_Pb^2+^_0.5_)Pb^2+^_3_Cu^2+^_6_Te^6+^_2_O_6_(Te^4+^O_3_)_6_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·3H_2_O","Ca Pb Cu Te O Se S H","IMA2021-053"," ",7159,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P321","Ca Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Te^6+ O Te^4+ Se^4+ S^6+ H","Tbs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tomcampbellite","Tomcampbellite","[KCl][Fe2+14(OH)6(PO4)6(PO3OH)2]","[KCl][Fe2+14(OH)6(PO4)6(PO3OH)2]","[KCl][Fe^2+^_14_(OH)_6_(PO_4_)_6_(PO_3_OH)_2_]","[KCl][Fe^2+^_14_(OH)_6_(PO_4_)_6_(PO_3_OH)_2_]","K Cl Fe O H P","IMA2024-072"," ",7467,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","K Cl Fe^2+ O H P","Tcp",,"No" +"Tomichite","Tomichite","V3+4Ti4+3As3+O13(OH)","V3+4Ti4+3As3+O13(OH)","V^3+^_4_Ti^4+^_3_As^3+^O_13_(OH)","V^3+^_4_Ti^4+^_3_As^3+^O_13_(OH)","V Ti As O H","IMA1978-074"," ",4425," ","monoclinic","A2/m, P21/m","V^3+ Ti^4+ As^3+ O H","Tom","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tomiolloite","Tomiolloite","Al12(Te4+O3)5[(S4+O3)0.5(S6+O4)0.5](OH)24","Al12(Te4+O3)5[(SO3)0.5(SO4)0.5](OH)24","Al_12_(Te^4+^O_3_)_5_[(SO_3_)_0.5_(SO_4_)_0.5_](OH)_24_","Al_12_(Te^4+^O_3_)_5_[(S^4+^O_3_)_0.5_(S^6+^O_4_)_0.5_](OH)_24_","Al Te O S H","IMA2021-019"," ",7132,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63/m","Al Te^4+ O S^4+ S^6+ H","Toi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tomsquarryite","Tomsquarryite","NaMgAl3(PO4)2(OH)6·8H2O","NaMgAl3(PO4)2(OH)6·8H2O","NaMgAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O","NaMgAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·8H_2_O","Na Mg Al P O H","IMA2022-018"," ",7246,"Alunite-crandallite",,,"Na Mg Al P O H","Tqy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tondiite","Tondiite","Cu2+3MgCl2(OH)6","Cu3MgCl2(OH)6","Cu_3_MgCl_2_(OH)_6_","Cu^2+^_3_MgCl_2_(OH)_6_","Cu Mg Cl O H","IMA2013-077"," ",6236,"Atacamite","hexagonal","R3m","Cu^2+ Mg Cl O H","Ton","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tongbaite","Tongbaite","Cr3C2","Cr3C2","Cr_3_C_2_","Cr_3_C_2_","Cr C","IMA1982-003"," ",4426," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cr C","Tgb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Tooeleite","Tooeleite","Fe3+6(As3+O3)4S6+O4(OH)4·4H2O","Fe3+6(AsO3)4(SO4)(OH)4·4H2O","Fe^3+^_6_(AsO_3_)_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Fe^3+^_6_(As^3+^O_3_)_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Fe As O S H","IMA1990-010"," ",4427," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^3+ As^3+ O S^6+ H","Toe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Topaz","Topaz","Al2SiO4F2","Al2SiO4F2","Al_2_SiO_4_F_2_","Al_2_SiO_4_F_2_","Al Si O F"," "," ",4428,"Topaz","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Al Si O F","Tpz","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Topsøeite","Topsoeite","Fe3+F3(H2O)3","FeF3(H2O)3","FeF_3_(H_2_O)_3_","Fe^3+^F_3_(H_2_O)_3_","Fe F H O","IMA2016-113"," ",6640,"Rosenbergite","tetragonal","P4/n","Fe^3+ F H O","Top","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Torbernite","Torbernite","Cu2+(U6+O2)2(PO4)2·12H2O","Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2·12H2O","Cu(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Cu^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Cu U O P H","IMA1980 s.p."," ",4429," ","tetragonal","P4/nnc","Cu^2+ U^6+ O P H","Tor","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Törnebohmite-(Ce)","Tornebohmite-(Ce)","Ce3+2Al(SiO4)2(OH)","Ce2Al(SiO4)2(OH)","Ce_2_Al(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)","Ce^3+^_2_Al(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)","Ce Al Si O H","IMA1966 s.p."," ",4430,"Fornacite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ce^3+ Al Si O H","Tbh-Ce","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Törnebohmite-(La)","Tornebohmite-(La)","La2Al(SiO4)2(OH)","La2Al(SiO4)2(OH)","La_2_Al(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)","La_2_Al(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)","La Al Si O H","IMA1966 s.p."," ",4431,"Fornacite","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/n","La Al Si O H","Tbh-La","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Törnroosite","Tornroosite","Pd11As2Te2","Pd11As2Te2","Pd_11_As_2_Te_2_","Pd_11_As_2_Te_2_","Pd As Te","IMA2010-043"," ",5873,"Isomertieite","cubic","Fd3m","Pd As Te","Trs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Torrecillasite","Torrecillasite","Na(As3+,Sb3+)4O6Cl","Na(As,Sb)3+4O6Cl","Na(As,Sb)^3+^_4_O_6_Cl","Na(As^3+^,Sb^3+^)_4_O_6_Cl","Na As Sb O Cl","IMA2013-112"," ",6270,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Na As^3+ Sb^3+ O Cl","Trc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Torreyite","Torreyite","Mg9Zn2+4(S6+O4)2(OH)22·8H2O","Mg9Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22·8H2O","Mg_9_Zn_4_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_22_·8H_2_O","Mg_9_Zn^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_22_·8H_2_O","Mg Zn S O H"," "," ",4432," ",,,"Mg Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Try","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Torryweiserite","Torryweiserite","Rh5Ni10S16","Rh5Ni10S16","Rh_5_Ni_10_S_16_","Rh_5_Ni_10_S_16_","Rh Ni S","IMA2020-048"," ",7063,"Kuvaevite","hexagonal","R3m","Rh Ni S","Tyw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tosudite","Tosudite","Na0.5(Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)8O18(OH)12·5H2O","Na0.5(Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)8O18(OH)12·5H2O","Na_0.5_(Al,Mg)_6_(Si,Al)_8_O_18_(OH)_12_·5H_2_O","Na_0.5_(Al,Mg)_6_(Si,Al)_8_O_18_(OH)_12_·5H_2_O","Na Al Mg Si O H"," "," ",4433,"Corrensite, Clay",,,"Na Al Mg Si O H","Tos","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration","No" +"Toturite","Toturite","Ca3Sn4+2(Fe3+2Si)O12","Ca3Sn2(SiFe3+2)O12","Ca_3_Sn_2_(SiFe^3+^_2_)O_12_","Ca_3_Sn^4+^_2_(Fe^3+^_2_Si)O_12_","Ca Sn Si Fe O","IMA2009-033"," ",5760,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Sn^4+ Fe^3+ Si O","Tot","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Tounkite","Tounkite","(Na,Ca,K)8(Si6Al6)O24(S6+O4)2Cl·0.5H2O","(Na,Ca,K)8(Si6Al6)O24(SO4)2Cl·0.5H2O","(Na,Ca,K)_8_(Si_6_Al_6_)O_24_(SO_4_)_2_Cl·0.5H_2_O","(Na,Ca,K)_8_(Si_6_Al_6_)O_24_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_Cl·0.5H_2_O","Na Ca K Si Al O S Cl H","IMA1990-009"," ",4434,"Cancrinite-sodalite","hexagonal","P6222","Na Ca K Si Al O S^6+ Cl H","Tou","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Touretite","Touretite","LiAl4Be4(B11Be)O28","LiAl4Be4(B11Be)O28","LiAl_4_Be_4_(B_11_Be)O_28_","LiAl_4_Be_4_(B_11_Be)O_28_","Li Al Be B O","IMA2023-003a"," ",7489,"Rhodizite","cubic","P43m","Li Al Be B O","Tte",,"No" +"Townendite","Townendite","Na8Zr4+Si6O18","Na8ZrSi6O18","Na_8_ZrSi_6_O_18_","Na_8_Zr^4+^Si_6_O_18_","Na Zr Si O","IMA2009-066"," ",5795,"Lovozerite","hexagonal","R3m","Na Zr^4+ Si O","Twn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Toyohaite","Toyohaite","Ag1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S2-4","Ag1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4","Ag^1+^(Fe^2+^_0.5_Sn^4+^_1.5_)S_4_","Ag^1+^(Fe^2+^_0.5_Sn^4+^_1.5_)S^2-^_4_","Ag Fe Sn S","IMA1989-007"," ",4435,"Spinel","tetragonal","I41/a","Ag^1+ Fe^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","To","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Trabzonite","Trabzonite","Ca4Si3O9(OH)2","Ca4[Si3O9(OH)](OH)","Ca_4_[Si_3_O_9_(OH)](OH)","Ca_4_Si_3_O_9_(OH)_2_","Ca Si O H","IMA1983-071a"," ",4436," ","monoclinic, orthorhombic","Ama2","Ca Si O H","Trb","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Tranquillityite","Tranquillityite","Fe2+8Ti4+3Zr4+2Si3O24","Fe2+8Ti3Zr2Si3O24","Fe^2+^_8_Ti_3_Zr_2_Si_3_O_24_","Fe^2+^_8_Ti^4+^_3_Zr^4+^_2_Si_3_O_24_","Fe Ti Zr Si O","IMA1971-013"," ",4437,"Braunite","hexagonal",,"Fe^2+ Ti^4+ Zr^4+ Si O","Trq","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks","No" +"Transjordanite","Transjordanite","Ni2P","Ni2P","Ni_2_P","Ni_2_P","Ni P","IMA2013-106"," ",6265,"Barringerite","hexagonal","P62m","Ni P","Tjrd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Traskite","Traskite","Ba21Ca(Fe2+,Mn2+,Ti4+)4(Ti4+,Fe2+,Mg)12(Si12O36)(Si2O7)6(O,OH)30Cl6·14H2O","Ba21Ca(Fe2+,Mn,Ti)4(Ti,Fe,Mg)12(Si12O36)(Si2O7)6(O,OH)30Cl6·14H2O","Ba_21_Ca(Fe^2+^,Mn,Ti)_4_(Ti,Fe,Mg)_12_(Si_12_O_36_)(Si_2_O_7_)_6_(O,OH)_30_Cl_6_·14H_2_O","Ba_21_Ca(Fe^2+^,Mn^2+^,Ti^4+^)_4_(Ti^4+^,Fe^2+^,Mg)_12_(Si_12_O_36_)(Si_2_O_7_)_6_(O,OH)_30_Cl_6_·14H_2_O","Ba Ca Fe Mn Ti Mg Si O H Cl","IMA1964-014"," ",4438," ","hexagonal","P6m2","Ba Ca Fe^2+ Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Mg Si O H Cl","Tsk","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Trattnerite","Trattnerite","Fe3+2(Mg3Si12)O30","Fe3+2(Mg3Si12)O30","Fe^3+^_2_(Mg_3_Si_12_)O_30_","Fe^3+^_2_(Mg_3_Si_12_)O_30_","Fe Mg Si O","IMA2002-002"," ",5187,"Milarite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","Fe^3+ Mg Si O","Tra","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Treasurite","Treasurite","Ag7Pb6Bi15S30","Ag7Pb6Bi15S30","Ag_7_Pb_6_Bi_15_S_30_","Ag_7_Pb_6_Bi_15_S_30_","Ag Pb Bi S","IMA1976-008"," ",4439,"Lillianite","monoclinic",,"Ag Pb Bi S","Tsur","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Trébeurdenite","Trebeurdenite","Fe2+2Fe3+4O2(OH)10(CO3)·3H2O","Fe2+2Fe3+4O2(OH)10(CO3)·3H2O","Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_4_O_2_(OH)_10_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_4_O_2_(OH)_10_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Fe O H C","IMA2012 s.p."," ",6256,"Hydrotalcite",,,"Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O H C","Tré","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Trebiskyite","Trebiskyite","Na3Mg2[(Ti4+V5+9)O28]·22H2O","Na3Mg2[TiV9O28]·22H2O","Na_3_Mg_2_[TiV_9_O_28_]·22H_2_O","Na_3_Mg_2_[(Ti^4+^V^5+^_9_)O_28_]·22H_2_O","Na Mg Ti V O H","IMA2019-131"," ",7014,"Pascoite","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Mg Ti^4+ V^5+ O H","Tbk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Trechmannite","Trechmannite","Ag1+As3+S2-2","AgAsS2","AgAsS_2_","Ag^1+^As^3+^S^2-^_2_","Ag As S"," "," ",4440," ","hexagonal","R3","Ag^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Trh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tredouxite","Tredouxite","Ni2+Sb5+2O6","NiSb2O6","NiSb_2_O_6_","Ni^2+^Sb^5+^_2_O_6_","Ni Sb O","IMA2017-061"," ",6695,"Tapiolite","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Ni^2+ Sb^5+ O","Tdx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Trembathite","Trembathite","Mg3B7O13Cl","Mg3B7O13Cl","Mg_3_B_7_O_13_Cl","Mg_3_B_7_O_13_Cl","Mg B O Cl","IMA1991-018"," ",4441,"Boracite","hexagonal","R3c","Mg B O Cl","Tba","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Tremolite","Tremolite","☐Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2","☐Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2","[box]Ca_2_(Mg_5.0-4.5_Fe^2+^_0.0-0.5_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Ca_2_(Mg_5.0-4.5_Fe^2+^_0.0-0.5_)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Ca Mg Fe Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",4442,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m, I2/m","Ca Mg Fe^2+ Si O H","Tr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Trevorite","Trevorite","Ni2+Fe3+2O4","NiFe3+2O4","NiFe^3+^_2_O_4_","Ni^2+^Fe^3+^_2_O_4_","Ni Fe O"," "," ",4443,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Ni^2+ Fe^3+ O","Trv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Triangulite","Triangulite","Al3(U6+O2)4(PO4)4(OH)5·5H2O","Al3(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH)5·5H2O","Al_3_(UO_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_5_·5H_2_O","Al_3_(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_5_·5H_2_O","Al U O P H","IMA1981-056"," ",4444," ","triclinic",,"Al U^6+ O P H","Tri","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Triazolite","Triazolite","NaCu2+2(N3C2H2)1-2(N3-H3)2Cl3·4H2O","NaCu2(N3C2H2)2(NH3)2Cl3·4H2O","NaCu_2_(N_3_C_2_H_2_)_2_(NH_3_)_2_Cl_3_·4H_2_O","NaCu^2+^_2_(N_3_C_2_H_2_)^1-^_2_(N^3-^H_3_)_2_Cl_3_·4H_2_O","Na Cu N C H Cl O","IMA2017-025"," ",6665," ","orthorhombic","P212121","Na Cu^2+ N C H N^3- Cl O","Tzl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Tridymite","Tridymite","SiO2","SiO2","SiO_2_","SiO_2_","Si O"," "," ",4445,"Tridymite","monoclinic, orthorhombic, triclinic","Cc, C2221, Aa, C1, F1","Si O","Trd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM20 - Acidic volcanic rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Trigodomeykite","Trigodomeykite","Cu3As","Cu3As","Cu_3_As","Cu_3_As","Cu As"," "," ",5094,"Fluocerite","hexagonal","P3c1","Cu As","Do-β","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Trigonite","Trigonite","Pb2+3Mn2+(As3+O3)2(As3+O2OH)","Pb3Mn2+(AsO3)2(AsO2OH)","Pb_3_Mn^2+^(AsO_3_)_2_(AsO_2_OH)","Pb^2+^_3_Mn^2+^(As^3+^O_3_)_2_(As^3+^O_2_OH)","Pb Mn As O H"," "," ",4446," ","monoclinic","Pn","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ As^3+ O H","Tgn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Trikalsilite","Trikalsilite","K2Na(AlSiO4)3","K2Na(AlSiO4)3","K_2_Na(AlSiO_4_)_3_","K_2_Na(AlSiO_4_)_3_","K Na Al Si O"," "," ",4447,"Tridymite-Nepheline","hexagonal","P63","K Na Al Si O","Tks","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Trilithionite","Trilithionite","KLi1.5Al1.5(Si3Al)O10F2","KLi1.5Al1.5(Si3Al)O10F2","KLi_1.5_Al_1.5_(Si_3_Al)O_10_F_2_","KLi_1.5_Al_1.5_(Si_3_Al)O_10_F_2_","K Li Al Si O F","IMA1998 s.p."," ",4448,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/c, C2/m","K Li Al Si O F","Tln","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Trimerite","Trimerite","CaMn2+2(BeSiO4)3","CaBe3Mn2+2(SiO4)3","CaBe_3_Mn^2+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","CaMn^2+^_2_(BeSiO_4_)_3_","Ca Be Mn Si O"," "," ",4449,"Beryllonite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca Mn^2+ Be Si O","Tme","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Trimounsite-(Y)","Trimounsite-(Y)","Y2Ti4+2SiO9","Y2Ti2SiO9","Y_2_Ti_2_SiO_9_","Y_2_Ti^4+^_2_SiO_9_","Y Ti Si O","IMA1989-042"," ",4450," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Y Ti^4+ Si O","Tmo-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Trinepheline","Trinepheline","NaAlSiO4","NaAlSiO4","NaAlSiO_4_","NaAlSiO_4_","Na Al Si O","IMA2012-024"," ",6083," ","hexagonal, monoclinic","P61, P21","Na Al Si O","Tnph","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Triphylite","Triphylite","LiFe2+PO4","LiFe2+(PO4)","LiFe^2+^(PO_4_)","LiFe^2+^PO_4_","Li Fe P O"," "," ",4451,"Olivine","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Li Fe^2+ P O","Trp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Triplite","Triplite","Mn2+2(PO4)F","Mn2+2(PO4)F","Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)F","Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)F","Mn P O F"," "," ",4452,"Triplite","monoclinic","C2/c, I2/a","Mn^2+ P O F","Trl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Triploidite","Triploidite","Mn2+2(PO4)(OH)","Mn2+2(PO4)(OH)","Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)(OH)","Mn^2+^_2_(PO_4_)(OH)","Mn P O H"," "," ",4453,"Wagnerite","monoclinic","P21/a","Mn^2+ P O H","Tpd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Trippkeite","Trippkeite","Cu2+As3+2O4","Cu2+As3+2O4","Cu^2+^As^3+^_2_O_4_","Cu^2+^As^3+^_2_O_4_","Cu As O"," "," ",4454,"Minium","tetragonal","P42/mbc","Cu^2+ As^3+ O","Tpk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tripuhyite","Tripuhyite","Fe3+Sb5+O4","Fe3+Sb5+O4","Fe^3+^Sb^5+^O_4_","Fe^3+^Sb^5+^O_4_","Fe Sb O","IMA1987-022, IMA2002 s.p."," ",4455,"Rutile","tetragonal","P42/mnm","Fe^3+ Sb^5+ O","Tpy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tristramite","Tristramite","(Ca,U4+,Fe3+)(PO4,S6+O4)·2H2O","(Ca,U4+,Fe3+)(PO4,SO4)·2H2O","(Ca,U^4+^,Fe^3+^)(PO_4_,SO_4_)·2H_2_O","(Ca,U^4+^,Fe^3+^)(PO_4_,S^6+^O_4_)·2H_2_O","Ca U Fe P O S H","IMA1982-037"," ",4456,"Rhabdophane","hexagonal",,"Ca U^4+ Fe^3+ P O S^6+ H","Ttm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tritomite-(Ce)","Tritomite-(Ce)","Ce3+5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O)","Ce5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O)","Ce_5_(SiO_4_,BO_4_)_3_(OH,O)","Ce^3+^_5_(SiO_4_,BO_4_)_3_(OH,O)","Ce Si O B H","IMA1966 s.p."," ",4457,"Apatite",,,"Ce^3+ Si O B H","Tto-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tritomite-(Y)","Tritomite-(Y)","Y5(SiO4,BO4)3(O,OH,F)","Y5(SiO4,BO4)3(O,OH,F)","Y_5_(SiO_4_,BO_4_)_3_(O,OH,F)","Y_5_(SiO_4_,BO_4_)_3_(O,OH,F)","Y Si O B H F","IMA1966 s.p."," ",5169,"Apatite",,,"Y Si O B H F","Tto-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Trögerite","Trogerite","(H3O)(U6+O2)(As5+O4)·3H2O","(H3O)(UO2)(AsO4)·3H2O","(H_3_O)(UO_2_)(AsO_4_)·3H_2_O","(H_3_O)(U^6+^O_2_)(As^5+^O_4_)·3H_2_O","H O U As"," "," ",4458,"Natroautunite",,,"H O U^6+ As^5+","Tge","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Trogtalite","Trogtalite","Co2+(Se2)2-","CoSe2","CoSe_2_","Co^2+^(Se_2_)^2-^","Co Se"," "," ",4459,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Co^2+ Se","Trg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Troilite","Troilite","Fe2+S2-","FeS","FeS","Fe^2+^S^2-^","Fe S"," "," ",4460," ","hexagonal","P62c, P63/mmc","Fe^2+ S^2-","Tro","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 0: Pre-terrestrial Ur-minerals, PM1 - Stellar atmosphere condensates, Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Trolleite","Trolleite","Al4(PO4)3(OH)3","Al4(PO4)3(OH)3","Al_4_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Al_4_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_","Al P O H"," "," ",4461," ","monoclinic","I2/c","Al P O H","Tll","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Trona","Trona","Na3(HCO3)(CO3)·2H2O","Na3(HCO3)(CO3)·2H2O","Na_3_(HCO_3_)(CO_3_)·2H_2_O","Na_3_(HCO_3_)(CO_3_)·2H_2_O","Na H C O"," "," ",4462," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na H C O","Tn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Truscottite","Truscottite","Ca14Si24O58(OH)8·2H2O","Ca14Si24O58(OH)8·2H2O","Ca_14_Si_24_O_58_(OH)_8_·2H_2_O","Ca_14_Si_24_O_58_(OH)_8_·2H_2_O","Ca Si O H"," "," ",4463,"Gyrolite","hexagonal",,"Ca Si O H","Tst","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Trüstedtite","Trustedtite","Ni2+Ni3+2Se2-4","Ni2+Ni3+2Se4","Ni^2+^Ni^3+^_2_Se_4_","Ni^2+^Ni^3+^_2_Se^2-^_4_","Ni Se","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4464,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Ni^2+ Ni^3+ Se^2-","Trü","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tsangpoite","Tsangpoite","Ca5(PO4)2(SiO4)","Ca5(PO4)2(SiO4)","Ca_5_(PO_4_)_2_(SiO_4_)","Ca_5_(PO_4_)_2_(SiO_4_)","Ca P O Si","IMA2014-110"," ",6414," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca P O Si","Tpo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Tsaregorodtsevite","Tsaregorodtsevite","(N(CH3)4)1+Si4(SiAl)O12","N(CH3)4Si4(SiAl)O12","N(CH_3_)_4_Si_4_(SiAl)O_12_","(N(CH_3_)_4_)^1+^Si_4_(SiAl)O_12_","N C H Si Al O","IMA1991-042"," ",4465,"Sodalite, Cancrinite-sodalite","cubic, orthorhombic","I432, I222","N C H Si Al O","Tsa","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Tschaunerite","Tschaunerite","(Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4","(Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4","(Fe^2+^)(Fe^2+^Ti^4+^)O_4_","(Fe^2+^)(Fe^2+^Ti^4+^)O_4_","Fe Ti O","IMA2017-032a"," ",6835,"Spinel-Post-spinel","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O","Tsc","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Tschermakite","Tschermakite","☐Ca2(Mg3Al2)Si6Al2O22(OH)2","☐Ca2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","[box]Ca_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]Ca_2_(Mg_3_Al_2_)Si_6_Al_2_O_22_(OH)_2_","Ca Mg Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",4466,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mg Al Si O H","Tsr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Tschermigite","Tschermigite","N3-H4Al(S6+O4)2·12H2O","(NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O","(NH_4_)Al(SO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","N^3-^H_4_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","N H Al S O"," "," ",4467,"Alum","cubic","Pa3","N^3- H Al S^6+ O","Tmi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Tschernichite","Tschernichite","CaAl2Si6O16·8H2O","CaAl2Si6O16·8H2O","CaAl_2_Si_6_O_16_·8H_2_O","CaAl_2_Si_6_O_16_·8H_2_O","Ca Al Si O H","IMA1989-037"," ",4468," ","tetragonal, monoclinic","P4122, C2/c","Ca Al Si O H","Tni","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Tschörtnerite","Tschortnerite","Ca4(K,Ca,Sr,Ba)3Cu2+3Al12Si12O48(OH)8·20H2O","Ca4(K,Ca,Sr,Ba)3Cu3Al12Si12O48(OH)8·20H2O","Ca_4_(K,Ca,Sr,Ba)_3_Cu_3_Al_12_Si_12_O_48_(OH)_8_·20H_2_O","Ca_4_(K,Ca,Sr,Ba)_3_Cu^2+^_3_Al_12_Si_12_O_48_(OH)_8_·20H_2_O","Ca K Sr Ba Cu Al Si O H","IMA1995-051"," ",4469," ","cubic","Fm3m","Ca K Sr Ba Cu^2+ Al Si O H","Tht","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tsepinite-Ca","Tsepinite-Ca","(Ca,K,Na)2-x(Ti4+,Nb5+)2Si4O12(OH,O)2·4H2O","(Ca,K,Na)2-x(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2·4H2O","(Ca,K,Na)_2-x_(Ti,Nb)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)(OH,O)_2_·4H_2_O","(Ca,K,Na)_2-x_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_2_Si_4_O_12_(OH,O)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca K Na Ti Nb Si O H","IMA2002-020"," ",5101,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca K Na Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Tsp-Ca","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tsepinite-K","Tsepinite-K","(K,Ba,Na)2(Ti4+,Nb5+)2Si4O12(OH,O)2·3H2O","(K,Ba,Na)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2·3H2O","(K,Ba,Na)_2_(Ti,Nb)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)(OH,O)_2_·3H_2_O","(K,Ba,Na)_2_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_2_Si_4_O_12_(OH,O)_2_·3H_2_O","K Ba Na Ti Nb Si O H","IMA2002-005"," ",5102,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","Cm","K Ba Na Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Tsp-K","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tsepinite-Na","Tsepinite-Na","(Na,H3O,K,Sr,Ba,☐)2(Ti4+,Nb5+)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2·3H2O","(Na,H3O,K,Sr,Ba,☐)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2·3H2O","(Na,H_3_O,K,Sr,Ba,[box])_2_(Ti,Nb)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)(OH,O)_2_·3H_2_O","(Na,H_3_O,K,Sr,Ba,[box])_2_(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)(OH,O)_2_·3H_2_O","Na H O K Sr Ba Ti Nb Si","IMA2000-046"," ",4470,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","Cm","Na H O K Sr Ba Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si","Tsp-Na","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tsepinite-Sr","Tsepinite-Sr","(Sr,Ba,K)(Ti4+,Nb5+)2Si4O12(OH,O)2·3H2O","(Sr,Ba,K)(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2·3H2O","(Sr,Ba,K)(Ti,Nb)_2_(Si_4_O_12_)(OH,O)_2_·3H_2_O","(Sr,Ba,K)(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_2_Si_4_O_12_(OH,O)_2_·3H_2_O","Sr Ba K Ti Nb Si O H","IMA2004-008"," ",5492,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic","Cm","Sr Ba K Ti^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H","Tsp-Sr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tsikourasite","Tsikourasite","Mo3Ni2P1+x (x < 0.25)","Mo3Ni2P1+x (x < 0.25)","Mo_3_Ni_2_P_1+x_ (x < 0.25)","Mo_3_Ni_2_P_1+x_ (x < 0.25)","Mo Ni P","IMA2018-156"," ",6881," ","cubic","F43m","Mo Ni P","Tsi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Tsilaisite","Tsilaisite","NaMn2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH","NaMn2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","NaMn^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","NaMn^2+^_3_Al_6_(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_OH","Na Mn Al Si O B H","IMA2011-047"," ",5975,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na Mn^2+ Al Si O B H","Tsl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Tsnigriite","Tsnigriite","Ag9SbTe3S3","Ag9SbTe3S3","Ag_9_SbTe_3_S_3_","Ag_9_SbTe_3_S_3_","Ag Sb Te S","IMA1991-051"," ",4471," ","monoclinic",,"Ag Sb Te S","Tng","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tsugaruite","Tsugaruite","Pb2+28As3+15S2-50Cl","Pb28As15S50Cl","Pb_28_As_15_S_50_Cl","Pb^2+^_28_As^3+^_15_S^2-^_50_Cl","Pb As S Cl","IMA1997-010, IMA2019 s.p."," ",4472," ","orthorhombic",,"Pb^2+ As^3+ S^2- Cl","Tsg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tsumcorite","Tsumcorite","Pb2+Zn2+2(As5+O4)2·2H2O","PbZn2(AsO4)2·2H2O","PbZn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Pb Zn As O H","IMA1969-047"," ",4473,"Natrochalcite","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Tmc","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tsumebite","Tsumebite","Pb2+2Cu2+(PO4)(S6+O4)(OH)","Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH)","Pb_2_Cu(PO_4_)(SO_4_)(OH)","Pb^2+^_2_Cu^2+^(PO_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)","Pb Cu P O S H"," "," ",4474,"Brackebuschite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ P O S^6+ H","Tsu","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tsumgallite","Tsumgallite","GaOOH","GaO(OH)","GaO(OH)","GaOOH","Ga O H","IMA2002-011"," ",5174,"Diaspore","orthorhombic","Pbnm","Ga O H","Tgl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tsumoite","Tsumoite","BiTe","BiTe","BiTe","BiTe","Bi Te","IMA1972-010a"," ",4475,"Tetradymite","hexagonal","P3m1","Bi Te","Tsm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tsygankoite","Tsygankoite","Mn2+8Tl1+8Hg2+2(Sb3+21Pb2+2Tl1+)S2-48","Mn8Tl8Hg2(Sb21Pb2Tl)S48","Mn_8_Tl_8_Hg_2_(Sb_21_Pb_2_Tl)S_48_","Mn^2+^_8_Tl^1+^_8_Hg^2+^_2_(Sb^3+^_21_Pb^2+^_2_Tl^1+^)S^2-^_48_","Mn Tl Hg Sb Pb S","IMA2017-088"," ",6715,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Mn^2+ Tl^1+ Hg^2+ Sb^3+ Pb^2+ S^2-","Tsy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tubulite","Tubulite","Ag1+2Pb2+22Sb3+20S2-53","Ag2Pb22Sb20S53","Ag_2_Pb_22_Sb_20_S_53_","Ag^1+^_2_Pb^2+^_22_Sb^3+^_20_S^2-^_53_","Ag Pb Sb S","IMA2011-109"," ",6053," ","monoclinic",,"Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Tub","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tučekite","Tucekite","Ni9Sb2S8","Ni9Sb2S8","Ni_9_Sb_2_S_8_","Ni_9_Sb_2_S_8_","Ni Sb S","IMA1975-022"," ",4476,"Hauchecornite","tetragonal",,"Ni Sb S","Tuč","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tugarinovite","Tugarinovite","Mo4+O2","MoO2","MoO_2_","Mo^4+^O_2_","Mo O","IMA1979-072"," ",4477,"Rutile","monoclinic","P21/c","Mo^4+ O","Tug","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Tugtupite","Tugtupite","Na4BeAlSi4O12Cl","Na4BeAlSi4O12Cl","Na_4_BeAlSi_4_O_12_Cl","Na_4_BeAlSi_4_O_12_Cl","Na Be Al Si O Cl","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4478,"Cancrinite-sodalite, Sodalite","tetragonal","I4","Na Be Al Si O Cl","Ttp","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tuhualite","Tuhualite","NaFe2+Fe3+Si6O15","NaFe2+Fe3+Si6O15","NaFe^2+^Fe^3+^Si_6_O_15_","NaFe^2+^Fe^3+^Si_6_O_15_","Na Fe Si O"," "," ",4479," ","orthorhombic","Cmca","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O","Tuh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tuite","Tuite","Ca3(PO4)2","Ca3(PO4)2","Ca_3_(PO_4_)_2_","Ca_3_(PO_4_)_2_","Ca P O","IMA2001-070"," ",5175,"Palmierite","hexagonal","R3m","Ca P O","Tu","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Tulameenite","Tulameenite","Pt2CuFe","Pt2CuFe","Pt_2_CuFe","Pt_2_CuFe","Pt Cu Fe","IMA1972-016"," ",4480,"Potarite","tetragonal","P4/mmm","Pt Cu Fe","Tul","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Tuliokite","Tuliokite","Na6BaTh4+(CO3)6·6H2O","Na6BaTh(CO3)6·6H2O","Na_6_BaTh(CO_3_)_6_·6H_2_O","Na_6_BaTh^4+^(CO_3_)_6_·6H_2_O","Na Ba Th C O H","IMA1988-041"," ",4481," ","hexagonal","R3","Na Ba Th^4+ C O H","Tli","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tululite","Tululite","Ca14(Fe3+,Al)(Al,Zn2+,Fe3+,Si,P,Mn3+,Mg)15O36","Ca14(Fe3+,Al)(Al,Zn,Fe3+,Si,P,Mn,Mg)15O36","Ca_14_(Fe^3+^,Al)(Al,Zn,Fe^3+^,Si,P,Mn,Mg)_15_O_36_","Ca_14_(Fe^3+^,Al)(Al,Zn^2+^,Fe^3+^,Si,P,Mn^3+^,Mg)_15_O_36_","Ca Fe Al Zn Si P Mn Mg O","IMA2014-065"," ",6364,"Not in a structural group","cubic","F23","Ca Fe^3+ Al Zn^2+ Si P Mn^3+ Mg O","Tlu","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Tumchaite","Tumchaite","Na2Zr4+Si4O11·2H2O","Na2ZrSi4O11·2H2O","Na_2_ZrSi_4_O_11_·2H_2_O","Na_2_Zr^4+^Si_4_O_11_·2H_2_O","Na Zr Si O H","IMA1999-041"," ",4482," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Tum","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Tundrite-(Ce)","Tundrite-(Ce)","Na2Ce3+2Ti4+O2SiO4(CO3)2","Na2Ce2TiO2(SiO4)(CO3)2","Na_2_Ce_2_TiO_2_(SiO_4_)(CO_3_)_2_","Na_2_Ce^3+^_2_Ti^4+^O_2_SiO_4_(CO_3_)_2_","Na Ce Ti O Si C","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4483,"Tundrite","triclinic","P1","Na Ce^3+ Ti^4+ O Si C","Tnd-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tundrite-(Nd)","Tundrite-(Nd)","Na2Nd2Ti4+O2(SiO4)(CO3)2","Na2Nd2TiO2(SiO4)(CO3)2","Na_2_Nd_2_TiO_2_(SiO_4_)(CO_3_)_2_","Na_2_Nd_2_Ti^4+^O_2_(SiO_4_)(CO_3_)_2_","Na Nd Ti O Si C","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4484,"Tundrite","triclinic",,"Na Nd Ti^4+ O Si C","Tnd-Nd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tunellite","Tunellite","SrB6O9(OH)2·3H2O","SrB6O9(OH)2·3H2O","SrB_6_O_9_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","SrB_6_O_9_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Sr B O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4485," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Sr B O H","Tnl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Tungsten","Tungsten","W","W","W","W","W","IMA2011-004"," ",5351,"Iron","cubic","Im3m, Pm3n","W","W","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","Yes" +"Tungstenite","Tungstenite","W4+S2-2","WS2","WS_2_","W^4+^S^2-^_2_","W S"," "," ",4486,"Molybdenite","hexagonal","R3m, P63/mmc","W^4+ S^2-","Tgt","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Tungstibite","Tungstibite","Sb3+2W6+O6","Sb2WO6","Sb_2_WO_6_","Sb^3+^_2_W^6+^O_6_","Sb W O","IMA1993-059"," ",4487," ","orthorhombic",,"Sb^3+ W^6+ O","Tsb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tungstite","Tungstite","W6+O3·H2O","WO3·H2O","WO_3_·H_2_O","W^6+^O_3_·H_2_O","W O H"," "," ",4488,"Tungstite","orthorhombic","Pmnb","W^6+ O H","Tgs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tungusite","Tungusite","Ca14Fe2+9Si24O60(OH)22","Ca14Fe2+9Si24O60(OH)22","Ca_14_Fe^2+^_9_Si_24_O_60_(OH)_22_","Ca_14_Fe^2+^_9_Si_24_O_60_(OH)_22_","Ca Fe Si O H","IMA1966-029"," ",4489,"Gyrolite","triclinic","P1","Ca Fe^2+ Si O H","Tgu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Tunisite","Tunisite","NaCa2Al4(CO3)4(OH)8Cl","NaCa2Al4(CO3)4(OH)8Cl","NaCa_2_Al_4_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_8_Cl","NaCa_2_Al_4_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_8_Cl","Na Ca Al C O H Cl","IMA1967-038"," ",4490," ","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Na Ca Al C O H Cl","Tun","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Tuperssuatsiaite","Tuperssuatsiaite","Na2(Fe3+,Mn2+)3Si8O20(OH)2·4H2O","Na2(Fe3+,Mn2+)3Si8O20(OH)2·4H2O","Na_2_(Fe^3+^,Mn^2+^)_3_Si_8_O_20_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Na_2_(Fe^3+^,Mn^2+^)_3_Si_8_O_20_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Fe Mn Si O H","IMA1984-002"," ",4491,"Palygorskite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Fe^3+ Mn^2+ Si O H","Tup","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Turanite","Turanite","Cu2+5(V5+O4)2(OH)4","Cu2+5(VO4)2(OH)4","Cu^2+^_5_(VO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^_5_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_","Cu V O H"," "," ",4492," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ V^5+ O H","Trn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Turkestanite","Turkestanite","(K,☐)(Ca,Na)2Th4+Si8O20·nH2O","(K,☐)(Ca,Na)2ThSi8O20·nH2O","(K,[box])(Ca,Na)_2_ThSi_8_O_20_·nH_2_O","(K,[box])(Ca,Na)_2_Th^4+^Si_8_O_20_·nH_2_O","K Ca Na Th Si O H","IMA1996-036"," ",4493,"Steacyite","tetragonal","P4/mcc","K Ca Na Th^4+ Si O H","Tkt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Turneaureite","Turneaureite","Ca5(As5+O4)3Cl","Ca5(AsO4)3Cl","Ca_5_(AsO_4_)_3_Cl","Ca_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_Cl","Ca As O Cl","IMA1983-063"," ",4494,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca As^5+ O Cl","Trr","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Turquoise","Turquoise","Cu2+Al6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O","CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O","CuAl_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^Al_6_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·4H_2_O","Cu Al P O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4495,"Turquoise","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ Al P O H","Tqu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Turtmannite","Turtmannite","Mn2+25O5(V5+O4)3(SiO4)3(OH)20","Mn25O5(VO4)3(SiO4)3(OH)20","Mn_25_O_5_(VO_4_)_3_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_20_","Mn^2+^_25_O_5_(V^5+^O_4_)_3_(SiO_4_)_3_(OH)_20_","Mn O V Si H","IMA2000-007"," ",4496,"Hematolite","hexagonal","R3c","Mn^2+ O V^5+ Si H","Tt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tuscanite","Tuscanite","KCa6(Si,Al)10O22(S6+O4,CO3)2(OH)·H2O","KCa6(Si,Al)10O22(SO4,CO3)2(OH)·H2O","KCa_6_(Si,Al)_10_O_22_(SO_4_,CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","KCa_6_(Si,Al)_10_O_22_(S^6+^O_4_,CO_3_)_2_(OH)·H_2_O","K Ca Si Al O S C H","IMA1976-031"," ",4497," ","monoclinic","P21/a","K Ca Si Al O S^6+ C H","Tus","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Tusionite","Tusionite","Mn2+Sn4+(BO3)2","Mn2+Sn(BO3)2","Mn^2+^Sn(BO_3_)_2_","Mn^2+^Sn^4+^(BO_3_)_2_","Mn Sn B O","IMA1982-090"," ",4498,"Calcite-Dolomite","hexagonal","R3","Mn^2+ Sn^4+ B O","Tsn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Tuzlaite","Tuzlaite","NaCaB5O8(OH)2·3H2O","NaCaB5O8(OH)2·3H2O","NaCaB_5_O_8_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","NaCaB_5_O_8_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Na Ca B O H","IMA1993-022"," ",4499," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Ca B O H","Tuz","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Tvalchrelidzeite","Tvalchrelidzeite","Hg2+3Sb3+As3-S2-3","Hg3SbAsS3","Hg_3_SbAsS_3_","Hg^2+^_3_Sb^3+^As^3-^S^2-^_3_","Hg Sb As S","IMA1974-052"," ",4500," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Hg^2+ Sb^3+ As^3- S^2-","Tva","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tvedalite","Tvedalite","Ca4Be3Si6O17(OH)4·3H2O","Ca4Be3Si6O17(OH)4·3H2O","Ca_4_Be_3_Si_6_O_17_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Ca_4_Be_3_Si_6_O_17_(OH)_4_·3H_2_O","Ca Be Si O H","IMA1990-027"," ",4501," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca Be Si O H","Tve","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Tveitite-(Y)","Tveitite-(Y)","(Y,Na)6(Ca,Na,Y,REE)12(Ca,Na)F42","(Y,Na)6(Ca,Na,REE)12(Ca,Na)F42","(Y,Na)_6_(Ca,Na,REE)_12_(Ca,Na)F_42_","(Y,Na)_6_(Ca,Na,Y,REE)_12_(Ca,Na)F_42_","Y Na Ca REE F","IMA1975-033, IMA1987 s.p."," ",4502," ","hexagonal","R3","Y Na Ca REE F","Ttt-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Tvrdýite","Tvrdyite","Fe2+Fe3+2Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(H2O)4·2H2O","Fe2+Fe3+2Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(H2O)4·2H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_5_(H_2_O)_4_·2H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_Al_3_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_5_(H_2_O)_4_·2H_2_O","Fe Al P O H","IMA2014-082"," ",6380,"Beraunite","monoclinic","C2/c","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Al P O H","Tvr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tweddillite","Tweddillite","CaSrMn3+2Al(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaSrMn3+2Al(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaSrMn^3+^_2_Al(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","CaSrMn^3+^_2_Al(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Sr Mn Al Si O H","IMA2001-014"," ",4503,"Clinozoisite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Sr Mn^3+ Al Si O H","Twe","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Twinnite","Twinnite","Pb2+Sb3+As3+S2-4","PbSbAsS4","PbSbAsS_4_","Pb^2+^Sb^3+^As^3+^S^2-^_4_","Pb Sb As S","IMA1966-017"," ",4504,"Sartorite","monoclinic","P21/n","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Twi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tychite","Tychite","Na6Mg2(CO3)4(S6+O4)","Na6Mg2(CO3)4(SO4)","Na_6_Mg_2_(CO_3_)_4_(SO_4_)","Na_6_Mg_2_(CO_3_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)","Na Mg C O S"," "," ",4505,"Northupite","cubic","Fd3, Fd3m, Fd3m","Na Mg C O S^6+","Tyc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Tyretskite","Tyretskite","Ca2B5O9(OH)·H2O","Ca2B5O9(OH)·H2O","Ca_2_B_5_O_9_(OH)·H_2_O","Ca_2_B_5_O_9_(OH)·H_2_O","Ca B O H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",4506,"Hilgardite","triclinic",,"Ca B O H","Tyr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Tyrolite","Tyrolite","Ca2Cu2+9(As5+O4)4(CO3)(OH)8·11H2O","Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8·11H2O","Ca_2_Cu_9_(AsO_4_)_4_(CO_3_)(OH)_8_·11H_2_O","Ca_2_Cu^2+^_9_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(CO_3_)(OH)_8_·11H_2_O","Ca Cu As O C H"," "," ",4507,"Tyrolite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","P2/c, C2/c","Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O C H","Tyl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tyrrellite","Tyrrellite","Cu2+(Co3+,Ni3+)2Se2-4","Cu(Co,Ni)2Se4","Cu(Co,Ni)_2_Se_4_","Cu^2+^(Co^3+^,Ni^3+^)_2_Se^2-^_4_","Cu Co Ni Se"," "," ",4508,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Cu^2+ Co^3+ Ni^3+ Se^2-","Ty","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Tyuyamunite","Tyuyamunite","Ca(U6+O2)2(V5+O4)2·5-8H2O","Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2·5-8H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_2_(VO_4_)_2_·5-8H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_·5-8H_2_O","Ca U O V H"," "," ",4509," ","orthorhombic, tetragonal",,"Ca U^6+ O V^5+ H","Tyu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Tzeferisite","Tzeferisite","CaZn2+8(S6+O4)2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)9","CaZn8(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)9","CaZn_8_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_12_Cl_2_(H_2_O)_9_","CaZn^2+^_8_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_12_Cl_2_(H_2_O)_9_","Ca Zn S O H Cl","IMA2022-094"," ",7319," ","hexagonal","R3c","Ca Zn^2+ S^6+ O H Cl","Tze","Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals","No" +"Uakitite","Uakitite","V3+N3-","VN","VN","V^3+^N^3-^","V N","IMA2018-003"," ",6748,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m, Fm3m","V^3+ N^3-","Uak","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Uchucchacuaite","Uchucchacuaite","Ag1+Mn2+Pb2+3Sb3+5S2-12","AgMnPb3Sb5S12","AgMnPb_3_Sb_5_S_12_","Ag^1+^Mn^2+^Pb^2+^_3_Sb^3+^_5_S^2-^_12_","Ag Mn Pb Sb S","IMA1981-007"," ",4510,"Lillianite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ag^1+ Mn^2+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Uch","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Udinaite","Udinaite","NaMg4(V5+O4)3","NaMg4(VO4)3","NaMg_4_(VO_4_)_3_","NaMg_4_(V^5+^O_4_)_3_","Na Mg V O","IMA2018-066"," ",6798,"Jeffbenite","tetragonal","I42d","Na Mg V^5+ O","Udn","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Uduminelite","Uduminelite","Ca3Al8(PO4)2O12·2H2O","Ca3Al8(PO4)2O12·2H2O","Ca_3_Al_8_(PO_4_)_2_O_12_·2H_2_O","Ca_3_Al_8_(PO_4_)_2_O_12_·2H_2_O","Ca Al P O H"," "," ",5494," ",,,"Ca Al P O H","Udm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Uedaite-(Ce)","Uedaite-(Ce)","Mn2+Ce3+Al2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","Mn2+CeAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","Mn^2+^CeAl_2_Fe^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Mn^2+^Ce^3+^Al_2_Fe^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Mn Ce Al Fe Si O H","IMA2006-022"," ",5548,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Mn^2+ Ce^3+ Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Ued-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Uklonskovite","Uklonskovite","NaMg(S6+O4)F·2H2O","NaMg(SO4)F·2H2O","NaMg(SO_4_)F·2H_2_O","NaMg(S^6+^O_4_)F·2H_2_O","Na Mg S O F H","IMA2016 s.p."," ",4512," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Na Mg S^6+ O F H","Ukl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ulexite","Ulexite","NaCaB5O6(OH)6·5H2O","NaCaB5O6(OH)6·5H2O","NaCaB_5_O_6_(OH)_6_·5H_2_O","NaCaB_5_O_6_(OH)_6_·5H_2_O","Na Ca B O H"," "," ",4513," ","triclinic","P1","Na Ca B O H","Ulx","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Ulfanderssonite-(Ce)","Ulfanderssonite-(Ce)","(Ce3+15Ca)Mg2(SiO4)10(SiO3OH)(OH,F)5Cl3","(Ce15Ca)Σ16Mg2(SiO4)10(SiO3OH)(OH,F)5Cl3","(Ce_15_Ca)_Σ16_Mg_2_(SiO_4_)_10_(SiO_3_OH)(OH,F)_5_Cl_3_","(Ce^3+^_15_Ca)Mg_2_(SiO_4_)_10_(SiO_3_OH)(OH,F)_5_Cl_3_","Ce Ca Mg Si O H F Cl","IMA2016-107"," ",6634,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","Cm","Ce^3+ Ca Mg Si O H F Cl","Ulf-Ce","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Ullmannite","Ullmannite","Ni3+(SbS)3-","NiSbS","NiSbS","Ni^3+^(SbS)^3-^","Ni Sb S"," "," ",4514,"Ullmannite","cubic, triclinic","P213, P1","Ni^3+ Sb S","Ull","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ulrichite","Ulrichite","CaCu2+(U6+O2)(PO4)2·4H2O","CaCu(UO2)(PO4)2·4H2O","CaCu(UO_2_)(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","CaCu^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Cu U O P H","IMA1988-006"," ",4515," ","monoclinic","P21/c, C2/m","Ca Cu^2+ U^6+ O P H","Ulr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Ulvöspinel","Ulvospinel","Fe2+2Ti4+O4","Fe2+2TiO4","Fe^2+^_2_TiO_4_","Fe^2+^_2_Ti^4+^O_4_","Fe Ti O"," "," ",4516,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O","Uspl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Umangite","Umangite","Cu3Se2","Cu3Se2","Cu_3_Se_2_","Cu_3_Se_2_","Cu Se"," "," ",4517," ","tetragonal","P421m","Cu Se","Um","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Umbite","Umbite","K2Zr4+Si3O9·H2O","K2ZrSi3O9·H2O","K_2_ZrSi_3_O_9_·H_2_O","K_2_Zr^4+^Si_3_O_9_·H_2_O","K Zr Si O H","IMA1982-006"," ",4518,"Umbite","orthorhombic","P212121","K Zr^4+ Si O H","Umb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Umbozerite","Umbozerite","Na3Sr4Th4+Si8O23(OH)","Na3Sr4ThSi8(O,OH)24","Na_3_Sr_4_ThSi_8_(O,OH)_24_","Na_3_Sr_4_Th^4+^Si_8_O_23_(OH)","Na Sr Th Si O H","IMA1973-039"," ",4519," ",,,"Na Sr Th^4+ Si O H","Ubz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Umbrianite","Umbrianite","K7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2","K7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2","K_7_Na_2_Ca_2_[Al_3_Si_10_O_29_]F_2_Cl_2_","K_7_Na_2_Ca_2_[Al_3_Si_10_O_29_]F_2_Cl_2_","K Na Ca Al Si O F Cl","IMA2011-074"," ",6017,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pmmn","K Na Ca Al Si O F Cl","Ubn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Umohoite","Umohoite","(U6+O2)Mo6+O4·2H2O","(UO2)(MoO4)·2H2O","(UO_2_)(MoO_4_)·2H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)Mo^6+^O_4_·2H_2_O","U O Mo H"," "," ",4520," ","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, P21/c","U^6+ O Mo^6+ H","Umo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ungavaite","Ungavaite","Pd4Sb3","Pd4Sb3","Pd_4_Sb_3_","Pd_4_Sb_3_","Pd Sb","IMA2004-020"," ",5279," ","tetragonal",,"Pd Sb","Ugv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Ungemachite","Ungemachite","K3Na8Fe3+(S6+O4)6(N5+O3)2·6H2O","K3Na8Fe3+(SO4)6(NO3)2·6H2O","K_3_Na_8_Fe^3+^(SO_4_)_6_(NO_3_)_2_·6H_2_O","K_3_Na_8_Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(N^5+^O_3_)_2_·6H_2_O","K Na Fe S O N H"," "," ",4522," ","hexagonal","R3","K Na Fe^3+ S^6+ O N^5+ H","Ugm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Upalite","Upalite","Al(U6+O2)3(PO4)2O(OH)·7H2O","Al(UO2)3(PO4)2O(OH)·7H2O","Al(UO_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_O(OH)·7H_2_O","Al(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_O(OH)·7H_2_O","Al U O P H","IMA1978-045"," ",4523," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Al U^6+ O P H","Upa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Uralborite","Uralborite","CaB2O2(OH)4","CaB2O2(OH)4","CaB_2_O_2_(OH)_4_","CaB_2_O_2_(OH)_4_","Ca B O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4524," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca B O H","Ubo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Uralolite","Uralolite","Ca2Be4(PO4)3(OH)3·5H2O","Ca2Be4(PO4)3(OH)3·5H2O","Ca_2_Be_4_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Ca_2_Be_4_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Ca Be P O H"," "," ",4525," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca Be P O H","Url","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Uramarsite","Uramarsite","N3-H4(U6+O2)As5+O4·3H2O","(NH4)(UO2)(AsO4)·3H2O","(NH_4_)(UO_2_)(AsO_4_)·3H_2_O","N^3-^H_4_(U^6+^O_2_)As^5+^O_4_·3H_2_O","N H U O As","IMA2005-043"," ",5326,"Meta-autunite","triclinic","P1","N^3- H U^6+ O As^5+","Uaa","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Uramphite","Uramphite","N3-H4(U6+O2)PO4·3H2O","(NH4)(UO2)(PO4)·3H2O","(NH_4_)(UO_2_)(PO_4_)·3H_2_O","N^3-^H_4_(U^6+^O_2_)PO_4_·3H_2_O","N H U O P"," "," ",4526,"Natroautunite","tetragonal, triclinic","P4/nmm, P4/ncc, P1","N^3- H U^6+ O P","Uap","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Urancalcarite","Urancalcarite","Ca(U6+O2)3CO3(OH)6·3H2O","Ca(UO2)3(CO3)(OH)6·3H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_3_(CO_3_)(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_3_CO_3_(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca U O C H","IMA1983-052"," ",4527," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca U^6+ O C H","Uca","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Uraninite","Uraninite","U4+O2","UO2","UO_2_","U^4+^O_2_","U O"," "," ",4528,"Fluorite","cubic","Fm3m","U^4+ O","Urn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Uranocircite","Uranocircite","Ba(U6+O2)2(PO4)2·10H2O","Ba(UO2)2(PO4)2·10H2O","Ba(UO_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Ba(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Ba U O P H","IMA2022 s.p."," ",5495," ","tetragonal, monoclinic","P4/nmm, P21","Ba U^6+ O P H","Urc-II","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Uranoclite","Uranoclite","(U6+O2)2(OH)2Cl2(H2O)4","(UO2)2(OH)2Cl2(H2O)4","(UO_2_)_2_(OH)_2_Cl_2_(H_2_O)_4_","(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(OH)_2_Cl_2_(H_2_O)_4_","U O H Cl","IMA2020-074"," ",7090,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","U^6+ O H Cl","Uro","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Uranophane","Uranophane","Ca(U6+O2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O","Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_2_(SiO_3_OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(SiO_3_OH)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca U O Si H","IMA2022 s.p."," ",4531," ","monoclinic","P21","Ca U^6+ O Si H","Urp-α","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Uranopilite","Uranopilite","(U6+O2)6S6+O4O2(OH)6·14H2O","(UO2)6(SO4)O2(OH)6·14H2O","(UO_2_)_6_(SO_4_)O_2_(OH)_6_·14H_2_O","(U^6+^O_2_)_6_S^6+^O_4_O_2_(OH)_6_·14H_2_O","U O S H"," "," ",4533," ","triclinic","P1","U^6+ O S^6+ H","Up","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Uranopolycrase","Uranopolycrase","U4+Ti4+2O6","UTi2O6","UTi_2_O_6_","U^4+^Ti^4+^_2_O_6_","U Ti O","IMA1990-046, IMA2022 s.p."," ",4534,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","U^4+ Ti^4+ O","Uplc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Uranosilite","Uranosilite","(U6+O2)Si7O15","(UO2)Si7O15","(UO_2_)Si_7_O_15_","(U^6+^O_2_)Si_7_O_15_","U O Si","IMA1981-066"," ",4535," ","orthorhombic",,"U^6+ O Si","Usi","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Uranospathite","Uranospathite","(Al,☐)(U6+O2)2F(PO4)2·20(H2O,F)","(Al,☐)(UO2)2F(PO4)2·20H2O","(Al,[box])(UO_2_)_2_F(PO_4_)_2_·20H_2_O","(Al,[box])(U^6+^O_2_)_2_F(PO_4_)_2_·20(H_2_O,F)","Al U O F P H"," "," ",4536," ","orthorhombic","Pnn2","Al U^6+ O F P H","Ush","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Uranosphaerite","Uranosphaerite","Bi3+(U6+O2)O2(OH)","Bi(UO2)O2(OH)","Bi(UO_2_)O_2_(OH)","Bi^3+^(U^6+^O_2_)O_2_(OH)","Bi U O H"," "," ",4537," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Bi^3+ U^6+ O H","Us","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Uranospinite","Uranospinite","Ca(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·10H2O","Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2·10H2O","Ca(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·10H_2_O","Ca U O As H"," "," ",4538," ",,,"Ca U^6+ O As^5+ H","Usp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Uranotungstite","Uranotungstite","Ba(U6+O2)2W6+2O8(OH)2·H2O","Ba(UO2)2W2O8(OH)2·H2O","Ba(UO_2_)_2_W_2_O_8_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ba(U^6+^O_2_)_2_W^6+^_2_O_8_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ba U O W H","IMA1984-005"," ",4539,"Uranotungstite","orthorhombic",,"Ba U^6+ O W^6+ H","Utgs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Urea","Urea","CO(N3-H2)2","CO(NH2)2","CO(NH_2_)_2_","CO(N^3-^H_2_)_2_","C O N H","IMA1972-031"," ",4541," ","tetragonal","P421m","C O N^3- H","Ur","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Uricite","Uricite","C5H4N4O3","C5H4N4O3","C_5_H_4_N_4_O_3_","C_5_H_4_N_4_O_3_","C H N O","IMA1973-055"," ",4542," ","monoclinic","P21/a","C H N O","Uri","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Uroxite","Uroxite","[(U6+O2)2((C2)6+O4)(OH)2(H2O)2]·H2O","[(UO2)2(C2O4)(OH)2(H2O)2]·H2O","[(UO_2_)_2_(C_2_O_4_)(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_]·H_2_O","[(U^6+^O_2_)_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_2_]·H_2_O","U O C H","IMA2018-100"," ",6829,"Oxalate","monoclinic","P21/c","U^6+ O C H","Urx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Urusovite","Urusovite","Cu2+AlO(As5+O4)","CuAlO(AsO4)","CuAlO(AsO_4_)","Cu^2+^AlO(As^5+^O_4_)","Cu Al O As","IMA1998-067"," ",4543," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Cu^2+ Al O As^5+","Uusv","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Urvantsevite","Urvantsevite","Pd(Bi,Pb)2","Pd(Bi,Pb)2","Pd(Bi,Pb)_2_","Pd(Bi,Pb)_2_","Pd Bi Pb","IMA1976-025"," ",4544," ","tetragonal","I4/mmm","Pd Bi Pb","Urv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Ushkovite","Ushkovite","MgFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","MgFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O","MgFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","MgFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mg Fe P O H","IMA1982-014"," ",4545,"Laueite","triclinic","P1","Mg Fe^3+ P O H","Ukv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Usovite","Usovite","Ba2CaMgAl2F14","Ba2CaMgAl2F14","Ba_2_CaMgAl_2_F_14_","Ba_2_CaMgAl_2_F_14_","Ba Ca Mg Al F","IMA1966-038"," ",4546," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ba Ca Mg Al F","Usv","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Ussingite","Ussingite","Na2AlSi3O8(OH)","Na2AlSi3O8(OH)","Na_2_AlSi_3_O_8_(OH)","Na_2_AlSi_3_O_8_(OH)","Na Al Si O H"," "," ",4547," ","triclinic","P1","Na Al Si O H","Usg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Ustarasite","Ustarasite","Pb2+(Bi3+,Sb3+)6S2-10","Pb(Bi,Sb)6S10","Pb(Bi,Sb)_6_S_10_","Pb^2+^(Bi^3+^,Sb^3+^)_6_S^2-^_10_","Pb Bi Sb S"," "," ",4548," ",,,"Pb^2+ Bi^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Utr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Usturite","Usturite","Ca3Zr4+Sb5+Fe3+3O12","Ca3(SbZr)(FeO4)3","Ca_3_(SbZr)(FeO_4_)_3_","Ca_3_Zr^4+^Sb^5+^Fe^3+^_3_O_12_","Ca Sb Zr Fe O","IMA2009-053"," ",5782,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d","Ca Zr^4+ Sb^5+ Fe^3+ O","Ust","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Utahite","Utahite","MgCu2+4Zn2+2Te6+3O14(OH)4·6H2O","MgCu2+4Zn2Te6+3O14(OH)4·6H2O","MgCu^2+^_4_Zn_2_Te^6+^_3_O_14_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","MgCu^2+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_Te^6+^_3_O_14_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Mg Cu Zn Te O H","IMA1995-039"," ",4549," ","triclinic",,"Mg Cu^2+ Zn^2+ Te^6+ O H","Uta","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Uvanite","Uvanite","U6+2V5+6O21·15H2O","(UO2)2V5+6O17·15H2O (?)","(UO_2_)_2_V^5+^_6_O_17_·15H_2_O (?)","U^6+^_2_V^5+^_6_O_21_·15H_2_O","U O V H"," "," ",4550," ",,,"U^6+ V^5+ O H","Uvn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Uvarovite","Uvarovite","Ca3Cr3+2(SiO4)3","Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3","Ca_3_Cr_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Ca_3_Cr^3+^_2_(SiO_4_)_3_","Ca Cr Si O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4551,"Garnet","cubic, triclinic, orthorhombic","Ia3d, I1, Ia3d, Fddd","Ca Cr^3+ Si O","Uv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Uvite","Uvite","CaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH","CaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)","CaMg_3_(Al_5_Mg)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_(OH)","CaMg_3_(Al_5_Mg)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_OH","Ca Mg Al Si O B H","IMA2000-030a, IMA2019-113"," ",6021,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Mg Al Si O B H","Uvt","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Uytenbogaardtite","Uytenbogaardtite","Ag3AuS2","Ag3AuS2","Ag_3_AuS_2_","Ag_3_AuS_2_","Ag Au S","IMA1977-018"," ",4553,"Uytenbogaardtite","cubic","P4132","Ag Au S","Uyt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Uzonite","Uzonite","As4S5","As4S5","As_4_S_5_","As_4_S_5_","As S","IMA1984-027"," ",4554," ","monoclinic","P21/m","As S","Uzn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Vadlazarenkovite","Vadlazarenkovite","Pd8Bi1.5Te1.25As0.25","Pd8Bi1.5Te1.25As0.25","Pd_8_Bi_1.5_Te_1.25_As_0.25_","Pd_8_Bi_1.5_Te_1.25_As_0.25_","Pd Bi Te As","IMA2023-040"," ",7393,"Stillwaterite","hexagonal","R3c","Pd Bi Te As","Vlz",,"No" +"Vaesite","Vaesite","Ni2+(S2)2-","NiS2","NiS_2_","Ni^2+^(S_2_)^2-^","Ni S"," "," ",4555,"Pyrite","cubic","Pa3","Ni^2+ S","Va","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Vajdakite","Vajdakite","(Mo6+O2)2As3+2O5·3H2O","(Mo6+O2)2As3+2O5·3H2O","(Mo^6+^O_2_)_2_As^3+^_2_O_5_·3H_2_O","(Mo^6+^O_2_)_2_As^3+^_2_O_5_·3H_2_O","Mo O As H","IMA1998-031"," ",4556," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Mo^6+ O As^3+ H","Vaj","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vakhrushevaite","Vakhrushevaite","Mg5Cr3+(AlSi3O10)(OH)8","Mg5Cr(AlSi3O10)(OH)8","Mg_5_Cr(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_8_","Mg_5_Cr^3+^(AlSi_3_O_10_)(OH)_8_","Mg Cr Al Si O H","IMA2025-024"," ",7582,"Chlorite, Clay","triclinic","C1","Mg Cr^3+ Al Si O H","Vkr",,"No" +"Valentinite","Valentinite","Sb3+2O3","Sb2O3","Sb_2_O_3_","Sb^3+^_2_O_3_","Sb O","IMA1980 s.p."," ",4557," ","orthorhombic","Pccn","Sb^3+ O","Vln","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Valleriite","Valleriite","2[(Fe3+,Cu1+)S2-]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)2]","2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)2]","2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)_2_]","2[(Fe^3+^,Cu^1+^)S^2-^]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)_2_]","Fe Cu S Mg Al O H"," "," ",4558,"Valleriite","hexagonal, orthorhombic","R3m, Pmma","Fe^3+ Cu^1+ S^2- Mg Al O H","Val","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Valleyite","Valleyite","Ca4Fe3+6O13","Ca4Fe6O13","Ca_4_Fe_6_O_13_","Ca_4_Fe^3+^_6_O_13_","Ca Fe O","IMA2017-026"," ",6666,"Cancrinite-sodalite, Sodalite","cubic","I43m","Ca Fe^3+ O","Vly","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals","No" +"Vallouiseite","Vallouiseite","Ag1+3Tl1+21.5Pb2+Sb3+63As3+41.5S2-170","Ag3Tl21.5PbSb63As41.5S170","Ag_3_Tl_21.5_PbSb_63_As_41.5_S_170_","Ag^1+^_3_Tl^1+^_21.5_Pb^2+^Sb^3+^_63_As^3+^_41.5_S^2-^_170_","Ag Tl Pb Sb As S","IMA2023-051"," ",7399,"Chabournéite","triclinic","P1","Ag^1+ Tl^1+ Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Vli",,"No" +"Vanackerite","Vanackerite","Pb2+4Cd2+(As5+O4)3Cl","Pb4Cd(AsO4)3Cl","Pb_4_Cd(AsO_4_)_3_Cl","Pb^2+^_4_Cd^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_3_Cl","Pb Cd As O Cl","IMA2011-114"," ",6057,"Apatite","hexagonal","P3","Pb^2+ Cd^2+ As^5+ O Cl","Vnk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vanadinite","Vanadinite","Pb2+5(V5+O4)3Cl","Pb5(VO4)3Cl","Pb_5_(VO_4_)_3_Cl","Pb^2+^_5_(V^5+^O_4_)_3_Cl","Pb V O Cl"," "," ",4559,"Apatite","hexagonal","P63/m","Pb^2+ V^5+ O Cl","Vna","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vanadiocarpholite","Vanadiocarpholite","Mn2+V3+AlSi2O6(OH)4","Mn2+V3+AlSi2O6(OH)4","Mn^2+^V^3+^AlSi_2_O_6_(OH)_4_","Mn^2+^V^3+^AlSi_2_O_6_(OH)_4_","Mn V Al Si O H","IMA2003-055"," ",4904,"Carpholite","orthorhombic","Ccca","Mn^2+ V^3+ Al Si O H","Vcar","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Vanadio-oxy-chromium-dravite","Vanadio-oxy-chromium-dravite","NaV3+3(Cr3+4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaV3(Cr4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaV_3_(Cr_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","NaV^3+^_3_(Cr^3+^_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na V Cr Mg Si O B H","IMA2012-034"," ",6092,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na V^3+ Cr^3+ Mg Si O B H","Vocdrv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Vanadio-oxy-dravite","Vanadio-oxy-dravite","NaV3+3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaV3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O","NaV_3_(Al_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","NaV^3+^_3_(Al_4_Mg_2_)(Si_6_O_18_)(BO_3_)_3_(OH)_3_O","Na V Al Mg Si O B H","IMA2012-074"," ",6127,"Tourmaline","hexagonal","R3m","Na V^3+ Al Mg Si O B H","Vodrv","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Vanadio-pargasite","Vanadio-pargasite","NaCa2(Mg4V3+)[Si6Al2]O22(OH)2","NaCa2(Mg4V)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_V)(Si_6_Al_2_)O_22_(OH)_2_","NaCa_2_(Mg_4_V^3+^)[Si_6_Al_2_]O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg V Si Al O H","IMA2017-019"," ",6660,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg V^3+ Si Al O H","Vprg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vanadium","Vanadium","V","V","V","V","V","IMA2012-021a"," ",6140,"Iron","cubic","Im3m","V","V","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","Yes" +"Vanadoakasakaite-(Ce)","Vanadoakasakaite-(Ce)","CaCe3+(V3+AlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaCe3+(V3+AlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaCe^3+^(V^3+^AlMn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","CaCe^3+^(V^3+^AlMn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Ce V Al Mn Si O H","IMA2024-044"," ",7500,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca Ce^3+ V^3+ Al Mn^2+ Si O H","Vak-Ce",,"No" +"Vanadoakasakaite-(La)","Vanadoakasakaite-(La)","CaLa(V3+AlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaLa(V3+AlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaLa(V^3+^AlMn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","CaLa(V^3+^AlMn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca La V Al Mn Si O H","IMA2025-003"," ",7570,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca La V^3+ Al Mn^2+ Si O H","Vak-La",,"No" +"Vanadoallanite-(La)","Vanadoallanite-(La)","CaLa3+V3+AlFe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaLa3+V3+AlFe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","CaLa^3+^V^3+^AlFe^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","CaLa^3+^V^3+^AlFe^2+^(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca La V Al Fe Si O H","IMA2012-095"," ",6159,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca La^3+ V^3+ Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Valn-La","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Vanadoandrosite-(Ce)","Vanadoandrosite-(Ce)","Mn2+Ce3+V3+AlMn2+O(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)","MnCe(V3+AlMn2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","MnCe(V^3+^AlMn^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","Mn^2+^Ce^3+^V^3+^AlMn^2+^O(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)(OH)","Mn Ce V Al Si O H","IMA2004-015"," ",5275,"Allanite, Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Mn^2+ Ce^3+ V^3+ Al O Si H","Vda-Ce","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Vanadomalayaite","Vanadomalayaite","CaV4+OSiO4","CaVO(SiO4)","CaVO(SiO_4_)","CaV^4+^OSiO_4_","Ca V O Si","IMA1993-032"," ",4561,"Titanite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca V^4+ O Si","Vmly","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Vanalite","Vanalite","NaAl8V5+10O38·30H2O","NaAl8V10O38·30H2O","NaAl_8_V_10_O_38_·30H_2_O","NaAl_8_V^5+^_10_O_38_·30H_2_O","Na Al V O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4562," ","monoclinic",,"Na Al V^5+ O H","Vnl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vanarsite","Vanarsite","NaCa12(As3+V5+8.5V4+3.5As5+6O51)2·78H2O","NaCa12(As3+V5+8.5V4+3.5As5+6O51)2·78H2O","NaCa_12_(As^3+^V^5+^_8.5_V^4+^_3.5_As^5+^_6_O_51_)_2_·78H_2_O","NaCa_12_(As^3+^V^5+^_8.5_V^4+^_3.5_As^5+^_6_O_51_)_2_·78H_2_O","Na Ca As V O H","IMA2014-031"," ",6319,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Ca As^3+ V^5+ V^4+ As^5+ O H","Vns","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Vandenbrandeite","Vandenbrandeite","Cu2+U6+O2(OH)4","Cu(UO2)(OH)4","Cu(UO_2_)(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^U^6+^O_2_(OH)_4_","Cu U O H"," "," ",4563," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ U^6+ O H","Vbd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vandendriesscheite","Vandendriesscheite","Pb2+1.6(U6+O2)10O6(OH)11·11H2O","Pb1.6(UO2)10O6(OH)11·11H2O","Pb_1.6_(UO_2_)_10_O_6_(OH)_11_·11H_2_O","Pb^2+^_1.6_(U^6+^O_2_)_10_O_6_(OH)_11_·11H_2_O","Pb U O H"," "," ",4564," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Pb^2+ U^6+ O H","Vdd","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM27 - Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vanderheydenite","Vanderheydenite","Zn2+6(PO4)2(S6+O4)(OH)4·7H2O","Zn6(PO4)2(SO4)(OH)4·7H2O","Zn_6_(PO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_4_·7H_2_O","Zn^2+^_6_(PO_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_4_·7H_2_O","Zn P O S H","IMA2014-076"," ",6374,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Zn^2+ P O S^6+ H","Vhy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vandermeerscheite","Vandermeerscheite","K2[(U6+O2)2V5+2O8]·2H2O","K2[(UO2)2V2O8]·2H2O","K_2_[(UO_2_)_2_V_2_O_8_]·2H_2_O","K_2_[(U^6+^O_2_)_2_V^5+^_2_O_8_]·2H_2_O","K U O V H","IMA2017-104"," ",6730,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","K U^6+ O V^5+ H","Vme","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vaniniite","Vaniniite","Ca2Mn2+3Mn3+2O2(As5+O4)4·2H2O","Ca2Mn2+3Mn3+2O2(AsO4)4·2H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_3_Mn^3+^_2_O_2_(AsO_4_)_4_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_3_Mn^3+^_2_O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_·2H_2_O","Ca Mn O As H","IMA2017-116"," ",6743,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Mn^2+ Mn^3+ O As^5+ H","Vnn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vanmeersscheite","Vanmeersscheite","U6+(U6+O2)3(PO4)2(OH)6·4H2O","U(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)6·4H2O","U(UO_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","U^6+^(U^6+^O_2_)_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_·4H_2_O","U O P H","IMA1981-009"," ",4565," ","orthorhombic","P21mn","U^6+ O P H","Vms","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vanoxite","Vanoxite","V4+4V5+2O13·8H2O","V6O13·8H2O (?)","V_6_O_13_·8H_2_O (?)","V^4+^_4_V^5+^_2_O_13_·8H_2_O","V O H"," "," ",5086," ",,,"V^4+ V^5+ O H","Vnx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Vanpeltite","Vanpeltite","(Mo6+2O5)(S4+O3)·4H2O","(Mo2O5)(S4+O3)·4H2O","(Mo_2_O_5_)(S^4+^O_3_)·4H_2_O","(Mo^6+^_2_O_5_)(S^4+^O_3_)·4H_2_O","Mo O S H","IMA2023-078"," ",7389,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","I2/m","Mo^6+ O S^4+ H"," ",,"No" +"Vantasselite","Vantasselite","Al4(PO4)3(OH)3·9H2O","Al4(PO4)3(OH)3·9H2O","Al_4_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_·9H_2_O","Al_4_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_·9H_2_O","Al P O H","IMA1986-016"," ",4566,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pmam","Al P O H","Vts","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vanthoffite","Vanthoffite","Na6Mg(S6+O4)4","Na6Mg(SO4)4","Na_6_Mg(SO_4_)_4_","Na_6_Mg(S^6+^O_4_)_4_","Na Mg S O"," "," ",4567," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Mg S^6+ O","Vhf","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Vanuralite","Vanuralite","Al(U6+O2)2(V5+O4)2(OH)·8.5H2O","Al(UO2)2(VO4)2(OH)·8.5H2O","Al(UO_2_)_2_(VO_4_)_2_(OH)·8.5H_2_O","Al(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·8.5H_2_O","Al U O V H","IIMA1967 s.p."," ",4568," ","monoclinic","A2/a","Al U^6+ O V^5+ H","Vnr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vapnikite","Vapnikite","Ca3U6+O6","Ca2CaUO6","Ca_2_CaUO_6_","Ca_3_U^6+^O_6_","Ca U O","IMA2013-082"," ",6241,"Perovskite","monoclinic","P21/n","Ca U^6+ O","Vpn","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Varennesite","Varennesite","Na8Mn2+2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2·12H2O","Na8Mn2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2·12H2O","Na_8_Mn_2_Si_10_O_25_(OH,Cl)_2_·12H_2_O","Na_8_Mn^2+^_2_Si_10_O_25_(OH,Cl)_2_·12H_2_O","Na Mn Si O H Cl","IMA1994-017"," ",4569," ","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Na Mn^2+ Si O H Cl","Vrn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vargite","Vargite","Mn2+Cu2+2Mn2+2(As5+O4)2(OH)4(H2O)4","MnCu2Mn2(AsO4)2(OH)4(H2O)4","MnCu_2_Mn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_4_","Mn^2+^Cu^2+^_2_Mn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_4_","Mn Cu As O H","IMA2020-051"," ",7064,"Akrochordite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Vg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Variscite","Variscite","AlPO4·2H2O","Al(PO4)·2H2O","Al(PO_4_)·2H_2_O","AlPO_4_·2H_2_O","Al P O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4570," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","Al P O H","Var","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Varlamoffite","Varlamoffite","(Sn4+,Fe3+)(O,OH)2","(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2","(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)_2_","(Sn^4+^,Fe^3+^)(O,OH)_2_","Sn Fe O H"," "," ",5496,"Rutile",,,"Sn^4+ Fe^3+ O H","Vlm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Varulite","Varulite","Na2Mn2+(Mn2+Fe3+)(PO4)3","Na2Mn(MnFe3+)(PO4)3","Na_2_Mn(MnFe^3+^)(PO_4_)_3_","Na_2_Mn^2+^(Mn^2+^Fe^3+^)(PO_4_)_3_","Na Mn Fe P O","IMA2019 s.p."," ",4571,"Alluaudite","monoclinic",,"Na Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O","Vr","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Vashegyite","Vashegyite","Al11(PO4)9(OH)6·38H2O","Al11(PO4)9(OH)6·38H2O","Al_11_(PO_4_)_9_(OH)_6_·38H_2_O","Al_11_(PO_4_)_9_(OH)_6_·38H_2_O","Al P O H"," "," ",4572," ","orthorhombic",,"Al P O H","Vhg","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vasilite","Vasilite","(Pd,Cu)16(S,Te)7","(Pd,Cu)16(S,Te)7","(Pd,Cu)_16_(S,Te)_7_","(Pd,Cu)_16_(S,Te)_7_","Pd Cu S Te","IMA1989-044"," ",4573," ","cubic","I43m","Pd Cu S Te","Vs","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Vasilseverginite","Vasilseverginite","Cu2+9O4(As5+O4)2(S6+O4)2","Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2","Cu_9_O_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_","Cu^2+^_9_O_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Cu O As S","IMA2015-083"," ",6481,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^2+ O As^5+ S^6+","Vas","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Vasilyevite","Vasilyevite","(Hg2)2+10O6I1-3Br2Cl(CO3)","(Hg2)2+10O6I3Br2Cl(CO3)","(Hg_2_)^2+^_10_O_6_I_3_Br_2_Cl(CO_3_)","(Hg_2_)^2+^_10_O_6_I^1-^_3_Br_2_Cl(CO_3_)","Hg O I Br Cl C","IMA2003-016"," ",5170," ","triclinic","P1","Hg O I^1- Br Cl C","Vsy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Västmanlandite-(Ce)","Vastmanlandite-(Ce)","Ce3+3CaMg2Al2Si5O19(OH)2F","Ce3CaMg2Al2Si5O19(OH)2F","Ce_3_CaMg_2_Al_2_Si_5_O_19_(OH)_2_F","Ce^3+^_3_CaMg_2_Al_2_Si_5_O_19_(OH)_2_F","Ce Ca Mg Al Si O H F","IMA2002-025"," ",5195,"Gatelite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ce^3+ Ca Mg Al Si O H F","Vml-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Vaterite","Vaterite","CaCO3","Ca(CO3)","Ca(CO_3_)","CaCO_3_","Ca C O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4574," ","hexagonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, triclinic","P6522, P63/mmc, Ama2, C2/c, Pbnm, C1, C2, Cc, P65, P3221, P212121","Ca C O","Vtr","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Vaughanite","Vaughanite","Tl1+Hg1+Sb3+4S2-7","TlHgSb4S7","TlHgSb_4_S_7_","Tl^1+^Hg^1+^Sb^3+^_4_S^2-^_7_","Tl Hg Sb S","IMA1987-055"," ",4575," ","triclinic",,"Tl^1+ Hg^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Vgh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Vauquelinite","Vauquelinite","Cu2+Pb2+2(Cr6+O4)(PO4)(OH)","CuPb2(CrO4)(PO4)(OH)","CuPb_2_(CrO_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)","Cu^2+^Pb^2+^_2_(Cr^6+^O_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)","Cu Pb Cr O P H"," "," ",4576," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Cu^2+ Pb^2+ Cr^6+ O P H","Vql","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vauxite","Vauxite","Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O","Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·6H2O","Fe^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Fe^2+^Al_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6H_2_O","Fe Al P O H"," "," ",4577," ","triclinic","P1","Fe^2+ Al P O H","Vx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vavřínite","Vavrinite","Ni2SbTe2","Ni2SbTe2","Ni_2_SbTe_2_","Ni_2_SbTe_2_","Ni Sb Te","IMA2005-045"," ",5549,"Covellite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ni Sb Te","Vav","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Väyrynenite","Vayrynenite","Mn2+Be(PO4)OH","BeMn2+(PO4)(OH)","BeMn^2+^(PO_4_)(OH)","Mn^2+^Be(PO_4_)OH","Be Mn P O H"," "," ",4871," ","monoclinic","P21/a","Mn^2+ Be P O H","Väy","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Veatchite","Veatchite","Sr2B11O16(OH)5·H2O","Sr2B11O16(OH)5·H2O","Sr_2_B_11_O_16_(OH)_5_·H_2_O","Sr_2_B_11_O_16_(OH)_5_·H_2_O","Sr B O H"," "," ",4579,"Veatchite","monoclinic, triclinic","Aa, P21, P1, Cc","Sr B O H","Vea","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Veblenite","Veblenite","K2☐2Na(Fe2+5Fe3+4Mn2+7☐)Nb5+3Ti4+(Si2O7)2(Si8O22)2O6(OH)10·3H2O","K2☐2Na(Fe2+5Fe3+4Mn7☐)Nb3Ti(Si2O7)2(Si8O22)2O6(OH)10(H2O)3","K_2_[box]_2_Na(Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_4_Mn_7_[box])Nb_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(Si_8_O_22_)_2_O_6_(OH)_10_(H_2_O)_3_","K_2_[box]_2_Na(Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_4_Mn^2+^_7_[box])Nb^5+^_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(Si_8_O_22_)_2_O_6_(OH)_10_·3H_2_O","K Na Fe Mn Nb Ti Si O H","IMA2010-050"," ",5880,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","K Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Mn^2+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Veb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Veenite","Veenite","Pb2+2(Sb3+,As3+)2S2-5","Pb2(Sb,As)2S5","Pb_2_(Sb,As)_2_S_5_","Pb^2+^_2_(Sb^3+^,As^3+^)_2_S^2-^_5_","Pb Sb As S","IMA1966-016"," ",4582," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic",,"Pb^2+ Sb^3+ As^3+ S^2-","Vee","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Vegrandisite","Vegrandisite","BaCl2","BaCl2","BaCl_2_","BaCl_2_","Ba Cl","IMA2023-045a"," ",7490,"Cotunnite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ba Cl","Veg",,"No" +"Velikite","Velikite","Cu1+2Hg2+Sn4+S2-4","Cu2HgSnS4","Cu_2_HgSnS_4_","Cu^1+^_2_Hg^2+^Sn^4+^S^2-^_4_","Cu Hg Sn S","IMA1996-052"," ",4583,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I42m","Cu^1+ Hg^2+ Sn^4+ S^2-","Vel","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Vendidaite","Vendidaite","Al2(S6+O4)(OH)3 Cl·6H2O","Al2(SO4)(OH)3Cl·6H2O","Al_2_(SO_4_)(OH)_3_Cl·6H_2_O","Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_3_ Cl·6H_2_O","Al S O H Cl","IMA2012-089"," ",6152,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Al S^6+ O H Cl","Ven","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Verbeekite","Verbeekite","PdSe2","PdSe2","PdSe_2_","PdSe_2_","Pd Se","IMA2001-005"," ",4584," ","monoclinic",,"Pd Se","Vbk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Verbierite","Verbierite","BeCr3+2Ti4+O6","BeCr3+2TiO6","BeCr^3+^_2_TiO_6_","BeCr^3+^_2_Ti^4+^O_6_","Be Cr Ti O","IMA2015-089"," ",6500,"Humite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Be Cr^3+ Ti^4+ O","Vbr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Vergasovaite","Vergasovaite","Cu2+3O(Mo6+O4)(S6+O4)","Cu3O(MoO4)(SO4)","Cu_3_O(MoO_4_)(SO_4_)","Cu^2+^_3_O(Mo^6+^O_4_)(S^6+^O_4_)","Cu O Mo S","IMA1998-009"," ",4585,"Vergasovaite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Cu^2+ O Mo^6+ S^6+","Vgs","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Vermiculite","Vermiculite","Mg0.7(Mg,Fe3+,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·8H2O","Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·8H2O","Mg_0.7_(Mg,Fe,Al)_6_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·8H_2_O","Mg_0.7_(Mg,Fe^3+^,Al)_6_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH)_4_·8H_2_O","Mg Fe Al Si O H"," "," ",4586,"Clay, Smectite-vermiculite","monoclinic, triclinic","Cc, C2, C2/c, C2/m, P1","Mg Fe^3+ Al Si O H","Vrm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Vernadite","Vernadite","(Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2·nH2O","(Mn,Fe,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2·nH2O","(Mn,Fe,Ca,Na)(O,OH)_2_·nH_2_O","(Mn^4+^,Fe^3+^,Ca,Na)(O,OH)_2_·nH_2_O","Mn Fe Ca Na O H"," "," ",4587," ",,,"Mn^4+ Fe^3+ Ca Na O H","Vnd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization","No" +"Verneite","Verneite","Na2Ca3Al2F14","Na2Ca3Al2F14","Na_2_Ca_3_Al_2_F_14_","Na_2_Ca_3_Al_2_F_14_","Na Ca Al F","IMA2016-112"," ",6639," ","cubic","I213","Na Ca Al F","Ver","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Verplanckite","Verplanckite","Ba4Mn2+2Si4O12(OH,H2O)3Cl3","Ba4Mn2+2Si4O12(OH,H2O)3Cl3","Ba_4_Mn^2+^_2_Si_4_O_12_(OH,H_2_O)_3_Cl_3_","Ba_4_Mn^2+^_2_Si_4_O_12_(OH,H_2_O)_3_Cl_3_","Ba Mn Si O H Cl","IMA1964-011"," ",4588," ","hexagonal","P6/mmm","Ba Mn^2+ Si O H Cl","Vpk","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Versiliaite","Versiliaite","(Fe2+2Fe3+2)(Fe3+2Sb3+6)O16S2-","(Fe2+2Fe3+2)(Fe3+2Sb3+6)O16S","(Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_)(Fe^3+^_2_Sb^3+^_6_)O_16_S","(Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^_2_)(Fe^3+^_2_Sb^3+^_6_)O_16_S^2-^","Fe Sb O S","IMA1978-068"," ",4589," ","orthorhombic","Pbam","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Sb^3+ O S^2-","Vsl","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Vertumnite","Vertumnite","Ca4Al4Si4O6(OH)24·3H2O","Ca4Al4Si4O6(OH)24·3H2O","Ca_4_Al_4_Si_4_O_6_(OH)_24_·3H_2_O","Ca_4_Al_4_Si_4_O_6_(OH)_24_·3H_2_O","Ca Al Si O H","IMA1975-043"," ",4590," ","hexagonal","P63/m","Ca Al Si O H","Vtn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Veselovskýite","Veselovskyite","Zn2+Cu2+4(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·9H2O","ZnCu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·9H2O","ZnCu_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_·9H_2_O","Zn^2+^Cu^2+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·9H_2_O","Zn Cu As O H","IMA2005-053"," ",5608,"Lindackerite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Vlv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Vésigniéite","Vesignieite","Cu2+3Ba(V5+O4)2(OH)2","Cu3Ba(VO4)2(OH)2","Cu_3_Ba(VO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu^2+^_3_Ba(V^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Cu Ba V O H"," "," ",4869," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Cu^2+ Ba V^5+ O H","Vsg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vestaite","Vestaite","(Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9","(Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9","(Ti^4+^Fe^2+^)Ti^4+^_3_O_9_","(Ti^4+^Fe^2+^)Ti^4+^_3_O_9_","Ti Fe O","IMA2017-068"," ",6701,"Schreyerite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ti^4+ Fe^2+ O","Vst","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Vesuvianite","Vesuvianite","(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe3+)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)10","(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)10","(Ca,Na)_19_(Al,Mg,Fe)_13_(SiO_4_)_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(OH,F,O)_10_","(Ca,Na)_19_(Al,Mg,Fe^3+^)_13_(SiO_4_)_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(OH,F,O)_10_","Ca Na Al Mg Fe Si O H F","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4592,"Vesuvianite","tetragonal","P4/nnc, P4/n, P4nc","Ca Na Al Mg Fe^3+ Si O H F","Ves","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Veszelyite","Veszelyite","(Cu2+,Zn2+)2Zn2+(PO4)(OH)3·2H2O","(Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3·2H2O","(Cu,Zn)_2_Zn(PO_4_)(OH)_3_·2H_2_O","(Cu^2+^,Zn^2+^)_2_Zn^2+^(PO_4_)(OH)_3_·2H_2_O","Cu Zn P O H"," "," ",4593,"Veszelyite","monoclinic, triclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ P O H","Vsz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Viaeneite","Viaeneite","(Fe2+,Pb2+)4((S2)2-,S6+)8O","(Fe,Pb)4S8O","(Fe,Pb)_4_S_8_O","(Fe^2+^,Pb^2+^)_4_((S_2_)^2-^,S^6+^)_8_O","Fe Pb S O","IMA1993-051"," ",4594,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic",,"Fe^2+ Pb^2+ S S^6+ O","Via","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Vicanite-(Ce)","Vicanite-(Ce)","(Ca,Ce3+,La3+,Th4+)15As5+(As3+,Na)0.5Fe3+0.7Si6B4(O,F)47","(Ca,Ce,La,Th)15As5+(As3+,Na)0.5Fe3+0.7Si6B4(O,F)47","(Ca,Ce,La,Th)_15_As^5+^(As^3+^,Na)_0.5_Fe^3+^_0.7_Si_6_B_4_(O,F)_47_","(Ca,Ce^3+^,La^3+^,Th^4+^)_15_As^5+^(As^3+^,Na)_0.5_Fe^3+^_0.7_Si_6_B_4_(O,F)_47_","Ca Ce La Th As Na Fe Si B O F","IMA1991-050"," ",4595,"Okanoganite","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Ce^3+ La^3+ Th^4+ As^5+ As^3+ Na Fe^3+ Si B O F","Vic-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Vielleaureite-(Ce)","Vielleaureite-(Ce)","Mn2+Ce3+(MgAlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)F(OH)","Mn2+Ce(MgAlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)F(OH)","Mn^2+^Ce(MgAlMn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)F(OH)","Mn^2+^Ce^3+^(MgAlMn^2+^)(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)F(OH)","Mn Ce Mg Al Si O F H","IMA2022-134"," ",7347,"Epidote","monoclinic","P21/m","Mn^2+ Ce^3+ Mg Al Si O F H","Vlr-Ce",,"No" +"Vigezzite","Vigezzite","CaNb5+2O6","CaNb2O6","CaNb_2_O_6_","CaNb^5+^_2_O_6_","Ca Nb O","IMA1977-008"," ",4596,"Aeschynite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca Nb^5+ O","Vgz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Vigrishinite","Vigrishinite","Zn2+☐Ti4+2Na☐Ti4+2(Si2O7)2O2O(OH)(H2O)4","Zn☐Ti2Na☐Ti2(Si2O7)2O2O(OH)(H2O)4","Zn[box]Ti_2_Na[box]Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_O(OH)(H_2_O)_4_","Zn^2+^[box]Ti^4+^_2_Na[box]Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_O(OH)(H_2_O)_4_","Zn Ti Na Si O H","IMA2011-073"," ",6016,"Seidozerite-Murmanite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ Ti^4+ Na Si O H","Vig","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Vihorlatite","Vihorlatite","Bi24Se17Te4","Bi24Se17Te4","Bi_24_Se_17_Te_4_","Bi_24_Se_17_Te_4_","Bi Se Te","IMA1988-047"," ",5550," ","hexagonal","P3m1","Bi Se Te","Vih","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Viitaniemiite","Viitaniemiite","NaCaAlPO4F3","NaCaAl(PO4)F3","NaCaAl(PO_4_)F_3_","NaCaAlPO_4_F_3_","Na Ca Al P O F","IMA1977-043"," ",4597,"Viitaniemiite","monoclinic","P21/m","Na Ca Al P O F","Vtm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Vikingite","Vikingite","Ag1+5Pb2+8Bi3+13S2-30","Ag5Pb8Bi13S30","Ag_5_Pb_8_Bi_13_S_30_","Ag^1+^_5_Pb^2+^_8_Bi^3+^_13_S^2-^_30_","Ag Pb Bi S","IMA1976-006"," ",4598,"Lillianite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Vkg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Villamanínite","Villamaninite","Cu2+(S2)2-","CuS2","CuS_2_","Cu^2+^(S_2_)^2-^","Cu S","IMA1989 s.p."," ",4599,"Pyrite","cubic, monoclinic","Pa3, P21","Cu^2+ S","Vil","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Villiaumite","Villiaumite","NaF","NaF","NaF","NaF","Na F"," "," ",4600,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m","Na F","Vll","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Villyaellenite","Villyaellenite","(Mn2+,Ca)Mn2+2Ca2(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)2·4H2O","(Mn,Ca)Mn2Ca2(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2·4H2O","(Mn,Ca)Mn_2_Ca_2_(AsO_3_OH)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","(Mn^2+^,Ca)Mn^2+^_2_Ca_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Mn Ca As O H","IMA1983-008a"," ",4601,"Hureaulite","monoclinic","C2/c","Mn^2+ Ca As^5+ O H","Vy","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Vimsite","Vimsite","CaB2O2(OH)4","CaB2O2(OH)4","CaB_2_O_2_(OH)_4_","CaB_2_O_2_(OH)_4_","Ca B O H","IMA1968-034"," ",4602," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Ca B O H","Vim","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Vincentite","Vincentite","Pd3As","Pd3As","Pd_3_As","Pd_3_As","Pd As","IMA1973-051"," ",4603," ","monoclinic",,"Pd As","Vin","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Vinciennite","Vinciennite","Cu10Fe4SnAsS16","Cu10Fe4SnAsS16","Cu_10_Fe_4_SnAsS_16_","Cu_10_Fe_4_SnAsS_16_","Cu Fe Sn As S","IMA1983-031"," ",4604," ","tetragonal",,"Cu Fe Sn As S","Vcn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Vinogradovite","Vinogradovite","Na4Ti4+4(Si2O6)2[(Si,Al)4O10]O4·(H2O,Na,K)3","Na4Ti4(Si2O6)2[(Si,Al)4O10]O4·(H2O,Na,K)3","Na_4_Ti_4_(Si_2_O_6_)_2_[(Si,Al)_4_O_10_]O_4_·(H_2_O,Na,K)_3_","Na_4_Ti^4+^_4_(Si_2_O_6_)_2_[(Si,Al)_4_O_10_]O_4_·(H_2_O,Na,K)_3_","Na Ti Si O Al H K"," "," ",4605," ","monoclinic","C2/c, A2/a","Na Ti^4+ Si O Al H K","Vgd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Violarite","Violarite","Fe2+Ni3+2S2-4","FeNi2S4","FeNi_2_S_4_","Fe^2+^Ni^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Fe Ni S"," "," ",4606,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Fe^2+ Ni^3+ S^2-","Vio","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Virgilite","Virgilite","LiAlSi2O6","LiAlSi2O6","LiAlSi_2_O_6_","LiAlSi_2_O_6_","Li Al Si O","IMA1977-009"," ",4607,"Quartz","hexagonal","P6222","Li Al Si O","Vir","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Virgilluethite","Virgilluethite","Mo6+O3·H2O","MoO3·H2O","MoO_3_·H_2_O","Mo^6+^O_3_·H_2_O","Mo O H","IMA2023-006"," ",7313,"Tungstite","monoclinic","P21/c","Mo^6+ O H","Vlh",,"No" +"Vishnevite","Vishnevite","Na8(Al6Si6)O24(S6+O4)·2H2O","Na8(Al6Si6)O24(SO4)·2H2O","Na_8_(Al_6_Si_6_)O_24_(SO_4_)·2H_2_O","Na_8_(Al_6_Si_6_)O_24_(S^6+^O_4_)·2H_2_O","Na Al Si O S H"," "," ",4608,"Cancrinite-sodalite, Cancrinite","hexagonal","P63","Na Al Si O S^6+ H","Vhn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Viskontite","Viskontite","Pb2+5Cu2+2(S6+O4)3(Se4+O3)(OH)6","Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(SeO3)(OH)6","Pb_5_Cu_2_(SO_4_)_3_(SeO_3_)(OH)_6_","Pb^2+^_5_Cu^2+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(Se^4+^O_3_)(OH)_6_","Pb Cu S O Se H","IMA2023-029"," ",7385,"Caledonite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O Se^4+ H","Vkt",,"No" +"Vismirnovite","Vismirnovite","Zn2+Sn4+(OH)6","ZnSn(OH)6","ZnSn(OH)_6_","Zn^2+^Sn^4+^(OH)_6_","Zn Sn O H","IMA1980-029"," ",4609,"Perovskite","cubic","Pn3m, Pn3","Zn^2+ Sn^4+ O H","Vis","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vistepite","Vistepite","Mn2+4Sn4+B2O2(Si2O7)2(OH)2","Mn4SnB2O2(Si2O7)2(OH)2","Mn_4_SnB_2_O_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^_4_Sn^4+^B_2_O_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(OH)_2_","Mn Sn B O Si H","IMA1991-012"," ",4610," ","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Sn^4+ B O Si H","Vtp","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Viteite","Viteite","Pd5InAs","Pd5InAs","Pd_5_InAs","Pd_5_InAs","Pd In As","IMA2019-040"," ",6928," ","tetragonal","P4/mmm","Pd In As","Vit","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Vitimite","Vitimite","Ca6B14O19(S6+O4)(OH)14·5H2O","Ca6B14O19(SO4)(OH)14·5H2O","Ca_6_B_14_O_19_(SO_4_)(OH)_14_·5H_2_O","Ca_6_B_14_O_19_(S^6+^O_4_)(OH)_14_·5H_2_O","Ca B O S H","IMA2001-057"," ",4611," ","monoclinic",,"Ca B O S^6+ H","Vti","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Vittinkiite","Vittinkiite","Mn2+Mn2+3Mn2+Si5O15","MnMn3MnSi5O15","MnMn_3_MnSi_5_O_15_","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_3_Mn^2+^Si_5_O_15_","Mn Si O","IMA2017-082a"," ",6931,"Rhodonite","triclinic","P1","Mn^2+ Si O","Vtk",,"No" +"Vitusite-(Ce)","Vitusite-(Ce)","Na3Ce3+(PO4)2","Na3Ce(PO4)2","Na_3_Ce(PO_4_)_2_","Na_3_Ce^3+^(PO_4_)_2_","Na Ce P O","IMA1976-055, IMA1987 s.p."," ",4612," ","orthorhombic","Pc21b","Na Ce^3+ P O","Vtu-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Vivianite","Vivianite","Fe2+3(PO4)2·8H2O","Fe2+3(PO4)2·8H2O","Fe^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe P O H"," "," ",4613,"Vivianite","monoclinic","C2/m, I2/m","Fe^2+ P O H","Viv","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Vladimirite","Vladimirite","Ca4(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)·4H2O","Ca4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)·4H2O","Ca_4_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)·4H_2_O","Ca_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)·4H_2_O","Ca As O H","IMA1964 s.p."," ",4614," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca As^5+ O H","Vld","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Vladimirivanovite","Vladimirivanovite","Na6Ca2[Al6Si6O24](S6+O4,(S3)2-,(S2)2-,Cl)2·H2O","Na6Ca2[Al6Si6O24](SO4,S3,S2,Cl)2·H2O","Na_6_Ca_2_[Al_6_Si_6_O_24_](SO_4_,S_3_,S_2_,Cl)_2_·H_2_O","Na_6_Ca_2_[Al_6_Si_6_O_24_](S^6+^O_4_,(S_3_)^2-^,(S_2_)^2-^,Cl)_2_·H_2_O","Na Ca Al Si O S Cl H","IMA2010-070"," ",5909,"Sodalite, Cancrinite-sodalite","orthorhombic","Pnaa","Na Ca Al Si O S^6+ S Cl H","Vla","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Vladkrivovichevite","Vladkrivovichevite","[Pb2+32O18][Pb2+4Mn2+2O]Cl14(BO3)8·2H2O","[Pb32O18][Pb4Mn2O]Cl14(BO3)8·2H2O","[Pb_32_O_18_][Pb_4_Mn_2_O]Cl_14_(BO_3_)_8_·2H_2_O","[Pb^2+^_32_O_18_][Pb^2+^_4_Mn^2+^_2_O]Cl_14_(BO_3_)_8_·2H_2_O","Pb O Mn Cl B H","IMA2011-020"," ",5948,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Pb^2+ O Mn^2+ Cl B H","Vkv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vladkuzminite","Vladkuzminite","K4Cu2+Zn2+3(As5+O4)4","K4CuZn3(AsO4)4","K_4_CuZn_3_(AsO_4_)_4_","K_4_Cu^2+^Zn^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_","K Cu Zn As O","IMA2023-106"," ",7454,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/n","K Cu^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O","Vkz",,"No" +"Vladykinite","Vladykinite","Na3Sr4(Fe2+Fe3+)Si8O24","Na3Sr4(Fe2+Fe3+)Si8O24","Na_3_Sr_4_(Fe^2+^Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_24_","Na_3_Sr_4_(Fe^2+^Fe^3+^)Si_8_O_24_","Na Sr Fe Si O","IMA2011-052"," ",5980,"Vladykinite","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Sr Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Si O","Vdy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Vlasovite","Vlasovite","Na2Zr4+Si4O11","Na2ZrSi4O11","Na_2_ZrSi_4_O_11_","Na_2_Zr^4+^Si_4_O_11_","Na Zr Si O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4615," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Zr^4+ Si O","Vsv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Vlodavetsite","Vlodavetsite","Ca2Al(S6+O4)2F2Cl·4H2O","Ca2Al(SO4)2F2Cl·4H2O","Ca_2_Al(SO_4_)_2_F_2_Cl·4H_2_O","Ca_2_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_2_F_2_Cl·4H_2_O","Ca Al S O F Cl H","IMA1993-023"," ",4616," ","tetragonal","I4/m","Ca Al S^6+ O F Cl H","Vlo","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Vochtenite","Vochtenite","Fe2+Fe3+(U6+O2)4(PO4)4(OH)·12-13H2O","Fe2+Fe3+(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH)·12-13H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^(UO_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)·12-13H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)·12-13H_2_O","Fe U O P H","IMA1987-047"," ",4617," ","monoclinic",,"Fe^2+ Fe^3+ U^6+ O P H","Voc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Voggite","Voggite","Na2Zr4+(PO4)(CO3)(OH)·2H2O","Na2Zr(PO4)(CO3)(OH)·2H2O","Na_2_Zr(PO_4_)(CO_3_)(OH)·2H_2_O","Na_2_Zr^4+^(PO_4_)(CO_3_)(OH)·2H_2_O","Na Zr P O C H","IMA1988-037"," ",4618," ","monoclinic","I2/m","Na Zr^4+ P O C H","Vog","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Voglite","Voglite","Ca2Cu2+(U6+O2)(CO3)4·6H2O","Ca2Cu(UO2)(CO3)4·6H2O","Ca_2_Cu(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca_2_Cu^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca Cu U O C H"," "," ",4619," ","monoclinic",,"Ca Cu^2+ U^6+ O C H","Vgl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Volaschioite","Volaschioite","Fe3+4(S6+O4)O2(OH)6·2H2O","Fe4(SO4)O2(OH)6·2H2O","Fe_4_(SO_4_)O_2_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Fe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)O_2_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Fe S O H","IMA2010-005"," ",5832,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Vsh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Volborthite","Volborthite","Cu2+3V5+2O7(OH)2·2H2O","Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O","Cu_3_V_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_V^5+^_2_O_7_(OH)_2_·2H_2_O","Cu V O H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",4620,"Volborthite","monoclinic","C2/m, Ia, C2/c","Cu^2+ V^5+ O H","Vbo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Volkonskoite","Volkonskoite","Ca0.3(Cr3+,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O","Ca0.3(Cr,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O","Ca_0.3_(Cr,Mg)_2_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca_0.3_(Cr^3+^,Mg)_2_(Si,Al)_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Cr Mg Si Al O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4621,"Clay, Smectite-vermiculite",,,"Ca Cr^3+ Mg Si Al O H","Vkn","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Volkovskite","Volkovskite","KCa4[B5O8(OH)]4[B(OH)3]2Cl·4H2O","KCa4B22O32(OH)10Cl·4H2O","KCa_4_B_22_O_32_(OH)_10_Cl·4H_2_O","KCa_4_[B_5_O_8_(OH)]_4_[B(OH)_3_]_2_Cl·4H_2_O","K Ca B O H Cl","IMA1968 s.p."," ",4622," ","triclinic","P1","K Ca B O H Cl","Vlk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Voloshinite","Voloshinite","Rb(LiAl1.5☐0.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2","Rb(LiAl1.5☐0.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2","Rb(LiAl_1.5_[box]_0.5_)(Al_0.5_Si_3.5_)O_10_F_2_","Rb(LiAl_1.5_[box]_0.5_)(Al_0.5_Si_3.5_)O_10_F_2_","Rb Li Al Si O F","IMA2007-052"," ",5652,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/c","Rb Li Al Si O F","Vls","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Voltaite","Voltaite","K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(S6+O4)12·18H2O","K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12·18H2O","K_2_Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(SO_4_)_12_·18H_2_O","K_2_Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_12_·18H_2_O","K Fe Al S O H"," "," ",4623,"Voltaite","cubic","Fd3c","K Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Al S^6+ O H","Vlt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Volynskite","Volynskite","AgBiTe2","AgBiTe2","AgBiTe_2_","AgBiTe_2_","Ag Bi Te","IMA1968 s.p."," ",4624," ","hexagonal","P3m1","Ag Bi Te","Vol","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Vonbezingite","Vonbezingite","Ca6Cu2+3(S6+O4)3(OH)12·2H2O","Ca6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12·2H2O","Ca_6_Cu_3_(SO_4_)_3_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O","Ca_6_Cu^2+^_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_(OH)_12_·2H_2_O","Ca Cu S O H","IMA1991-031"," ",4625," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Vbz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vonsenite","Vonsenite","Fe2+2Fe3+O2(BO3)","Fe2+2Fe3+O2(BO3)","Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Fe^2+^_2_Fe^3+^O_2_(BO_3_)","Fe O B"," "," ",4626,"Ludwigite","orthorhombic","Pbam","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O B","Von","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Vorlanite","Vorlanite","CaU6+O4","CaUO4","CaUO_4_","CaU^6+^O_4_","Ca U O","IMA2009-032"," ",5759,"Fluorite","cubic","Fm3m","Ca U^6+ O","Vrl","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Voronkovite","Voronkovite","Na15(Na,Ca,Ce3+)3(Mn2+,Ca)3Fe2+3Zr4+3Si26O72(OH,O)4Cl·H2O","Na15(Na,Ca,Ce)3(Mn,Ca)3Fe3Zr3Si26O72(OH,O)4Cl·H2O","Na_15_(Na,Ca,Ce)_3_(Mn,Ca)_3_Fe_3_Zr_3_Si_26_O_72_(OH,O)_4_Cl·H_2_O","Na_15_(Na,Ca,Ce^3+^)_3_(Mn^2+^,Ca)_3_Fe^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Si_26_O_72_(OH,O)_4_Cl·H_2_O","Na Ca Ce Mn Fe Zr Si O H Cl","IMA2007-023"," ",5625,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3","Na Ca Ce^3+ Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Si O H Cl","Vrk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Vorontsovite","Vorontsovite","(Hg2+5Cu1+)Tl1+As3+4S2-12","(Hg5Cu)TlAs4S12","(Hg_5_Cu)TlAs_4_S_12_","(Hg^2+^_5_Cu^1+^)Tl^1+^As^3+^_4_S^2-^_12_","Hg Cu Tl As S","IMA2016-076"," ",6602,"Galkhaite, Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Hg^2+ Cu^1+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Vor","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Voudourisite","Voudourisite","Cd2+S6+O4·H2O","Cd(SO4)·H2O","Cd(SO_4_)·H_2_O","Cd^2+^S^6+^O_4_·H_2_O","Cd S O H","IMA2012-042"," ",6095,"Kieserite","monoclinic","P21/c, P21/n","Cd^2+ S^6+ O H","Vou","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Vozhminite","Vozhminite","Ni4AsS2","Ni4AsS2","Ni_4_AsS_2_","Ni_4_AsS_2_","Ni As S","IMA1981-040"," ",4627," ","hexagonal",,"Ni As S","Voz","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Vránaite","Vranaite","Al16B4Si4O38","Al16B4Si4O38","Al_16_B_4_Si_4_O_38_","Al_16_B_4_Si_4_O_38_","Al B Si O","IMA2015-084"," ",6484,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","I2/m","Al B Si O","Vrá","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Vrančiceite","Vranciceite","Cu1+10Hg2+3S2-8","Cu10Hg3S8","Cu_10_Hg_3_S_8_","Cu^1+^_10_Hg^2+^_3_S^2-^_8_","Cu Hg S","IMA2022-114"," ",7336,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Cu^1+ Hg^2+ S^2-","Vrc",,"No" +"Vrbaite","Vrbaite","Hg2+3Tl1+4As3+8Sb3+2S2-20","Hg3Tl4As8Sb2S20","Hg_3_Tl_4_As_8_Sb_2_S_20_","Hg^2+^_3_Tl^1+^_4_As^3+^_8_Sb^3+^_2_S^2-^_20_","Hg Tl As Sb S"," "," ",4628," ","orthorhombic","Aba2","Hg^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Vrb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Vuagnatite","Vuagnatite","CaAlSiO4(OH)","CaAlSiO4(OH)","CaAlSiO_4_(OH)","CaAlSiO_4_(OH)","Ca Al Si O H","IMA1975-007"," ",4629,"Adelite","orthorhombic","P212121","Ca Al Si O H","Vgn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization","No" +"Vulcanite","Vulcanite","CuTe","CuTe","CuTe","CuTe","Cu Te","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4630," ","orthorhombic","Pmmn","Cu Te","Vul","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Vuonnemite","Vuonnemite","Na6Na2Nb5+2Na3Ti4+(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2(OF)","Na6Na2Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2(OF)","Na_6_Na_2_Nb_2_Na_3_Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_O_2_(OF)","Na_6_Na_2_Nb^5+^_2_Na_3_Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_O_2_(OF)","Na Nb Ti Si O P F","IMA1973-015"," ",4631,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","triclinic","P1","Na Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O P F","Vn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Vuorelainenite","Vuorelainenite","Mn2+V3+2O4","Mn2+V3+2O4","Mn^2+^V^3+^_2_O_4_","Mn^2+^V^3+^_2_O_4_","Mn V O","IMA1980-048"," ",4632,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m","Mn^2+ V^3+ O","Vuo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Vuoriyarvite-K","Vuoriyarvite-K","(K,Na,☐)12Nb5+8(Si4O12)4O8·12-16H2O","(K,Na,☐)12Nb8(Si4O12)4O8·12-16H2O","(K,Na,[box])_12_Nb_8_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_O_8_·12-16H_2_O","(K,Na,[box])_12_Nb^5+^_8_(Si_4_O_12_)_4_O_8_·12-16H_2_O","K Na Nb Si O H","IMA1995-031"," ",4633,"Labuntsovite","monoclinic",,"K Na Nb^5+ Si O H","Vyv-K","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Vurroite","Vurroite","Pb2+20Sn4+2(Bi3+,As3+)22S2-54Cl6","Pb20Sn2(Bi,As)22S54Cl6","Pb_20_Sn_2_(Bi,As)_22_S_54_Cl_6_","Pb^2+^_20_Sn^4+^_2_(Bi^3+^,As^3+^)_22_S^2-^_54_Cl_6_","Pb Sn Bi As S Cl","IMA2003-027"," ",5236,"Vurroite","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ Sn^4+ Bi^3+ As^3+ S^2- Cl","Vur","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Vyacheslavite","Vyacheslavite","U4+(PO4)(OH)","U4+(PO4)(OH)","U^4+^(PO_4_)(OH)","U^4+^(PO_4_)(OH)","U P O H","IMA1983-017"," ",4634," ","orthorhombic",,"U^4+ P O H","Vya","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Vyalsovite","Vyalsovite","CaFe2+AlS2-(OH)5","CaFeAlS(OH)5","CaFeAlS(OH)_5_","CaFe^2+^AlS^2-^(OH)_5_","Ca Fe Al S O H","IMA1989-004"," ",4635," ","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Cm","Ca Fe^2+ Al S^2- O H","Vyl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Vymazalováite","Vymazalovaite","Pd3Bi2S2","Pd3Bi2S2","Pd_3_Bi_2_S_2_","Pd_3_Bi_2_S_2_","Pd Bi S","IMA2016-105"," ",6632," ","cubic","I213","Pd Bi S","Vym","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Vysokýite","Vysokyite","U4+[As5+O2(OH)2]4·4H2O","U4+[AsO2(OH)2]4·4H2O","U^4+^[AsO_2_(OH)_2_]_4_·4H_2_O","U^4+^[As^5+^O_2_(OH)_2_]_4_·4H_2_O","U As O H","IMA2012-067"," ",6131,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","U^4+ As^5+ O H","Vys","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Vysotskite","Vysotskite","Pd2+S2-","PdS","PdS","Pd^2+^S^2-^","Pd S","IMA2022 s.p."," ",4636," ","tetragonal","P42/m","Pd^2+ S^2-","Vsk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Vyuntspakhkite-(Y)","Vyuntspakhkite-(Y)","Y(Al,Si)(SiO4)(OH,O)2","Y(Al,Si)(SiO4)(OH,O)2","Y(Al,Si)(SiO_4_)(OH,O)_2_","Y(Al,Si)(SiO_4_)(OH,O)_2_","Y Al Si O H","IMA1982-040, IMA1987 s.p."," ",4637," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Y Al Si O H","Vyu-Y","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Wadalite","Wadalite","Ca6Al5Si2O16Cl3","Ca6Al5Si2O16Cl3","Ca_6_Al_5_Si_2_O_16_Cl_3_","Ca_6_Al_5_Si_2_O_16_Cl_3_","Ca Al Si O Cl","IMA1987-045"," ",4638,"Mayenite","cubic","I43d","Ca Al Si O Cl","Wdl","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Wadeite","Wadeite","K2Zr4+Si3O9","K2ZrSi3O9","K_2_ZrSi_3_O_9_","K_2_Zr^4+^Si_3_O_9_","K Zr Si O"," "," ",4639," ","hexagonal","P63/m","K Zr^4+ Si O","Wad","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Wadsleyite","Wadsleyite","Mg2SiO4","Mg2SiO4","Mg_2_SiO_4_","Mg_2_SiO_4_","Mg Si O","IMA1982-012"," ",4640,"Wadsleyite","orthorhombic, monoclinic","Imma, Ibmm, I2/m","Mg Si O","Wds","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Wagnerite","Wagnerite","Mg2PO4F","Mg2(PO4)F","Mg_2_(PO_4_)F","Mg_2_PO_4_F","Mg P O F","IMA2003 s.p."," ",4641,"Wagnerite","monoclinic","P21/c, Ia, I2/a","Mg P O F","Wag","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Waimirite-(Y)","Waimirite-(Y)","YF3","YF3","YF_3_","YF_3_","Y F","IMA2013-108"," ",6267," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Y F","Wai-Y","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Waipouaite","Waipouaite","Ca3(V4+4.5V5+0.5)O9[(Si2O5(OH)2][Si3O7.5(OH)1.5]·11H2O","Ca3(V4+4.5V5+0.5)O9[(Si2O5(OH)2][Si3O7.5(OH)1.5]·11H2O","Ca_3_(V^4+^_4.5_V^5+^_0.5_)O_9_[(Si_2_O_5_(OH)_2_][Si_3_O_7.5_(OH)_1.5_]·11H_2_O","Ca_3_(V^4+^_4.5_V^5+^_0.5_)O_9_[(Si_2_O_5_(OH)_2_][Si_3_O_7.5_(OH)_1.5_]·11H_2_O","Ca V O Si H","IMA2019-095"," ",6980,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca V^4+ V^5+ O Si H","Wpo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Wairakite","Wairakite","Ca(Si4Al2)O12·2H2O","Ca(Si4Al2)O12·2H2O","Ca(Si_4_Al_2_)O_12_·2H_2_O","Ca(Si_4_Al_2_)O_12_·2H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",4642,"Analcime","monoclinic","I2/a","Ca Si Al O H","Wrk","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, PM17 - Marine authigenic Hadean minerals","No" +"Wairauite","Wairauite","CoFe","CoFe","CoFe","CoFe","Co Fe","IMA1964-015"," ",4643,"Iron","cubic","Pm3m","Co Fe","Wra","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM13 - Hadean serpentinization, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Wakabayashilite","Wakabayashilite","(As,Sb)6As4S14","(As,Sb)6As4S14","(As,Sb)_6_As_4_S_14_","(As,Sb)_6_As_4_S_14_","As Sb S","IMA1969-024"," ",4644," ","orthorhombic","Pna21","As Sb S","Wak","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Wakefieldite-(Ce)","Wakefieldite-(Ce)","Ce3+V5+O4","CeVO4","CeVO_4_","Ce^3+^V^5+^O_4_","Ce V O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4645,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Ce^3+ V^5+ O","Wf-Ce","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Wakefieldite-(La)","Wakefieldite-(La)","La3+V5+O4","LaVO4","LaVO_4_","La^3+^V^5+^O_4_","La V O","IMA1989-035a"," ",5640,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","La^3+ V^5+ O","Wf-La","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Wakefieldite-(Nd)","Wakefieldite-(Nd)","NdV5+O4","NdVO4","NdVO_4_","NdV^5+^O_4_","Nd V O","IMA2008-031"," ",5691,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Nd V^5+ O","Wf-Nd","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Wakefieldite-(Y)","Wakefieldite-(Y)","YV5+O4","YVO4","YVO_4_","YV^5+^O_4_","Y V O","IMA1969-012, IMA1987 s.p."," ",4646,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Y V^5+ O","Wf-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Walentaite","Walentaite","[Mn2+(H2O)6][☐As3+3Fe3+3(PO4)2O7]","[Mn(H2O)6][☐As3+3Fe3+3(PO4)2O7]","[Mn(H_2_O)_6_][[box]As^3+^_3_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_O_7_]","[Mn^2+^(H_2_O)_6_][[box]As^3+^_3_Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_O_7_]","Mn H O As Fe P","IMA1983-047, IMA2020 s.p."," ",4647,"Walentaite","orthorhombic","Imma","Mn^2+ H O As^3+ Fe^3+ P","Wlt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Walfordite","Walfordite","(Fe3+,Te6+,Ti4+,Mg)Te4+3O8","(Fe3+,Te6+,Ti4+,Mg)Te4+3O8","(Fe^3+^,Te^6+^,Ti^4+^,Mg)Te^4+^_3_O_8_","(Fe^3+^,Te^6+^,Ti^4+^,Mg)Te^4+^_3_O_8_","Fe Te Ti Mg O","IMA1996-003"," ",4648," ","cubic","I21/a3","Fe^3+ Te^6+ Ti^4+ Mg Te^4+ O","Wfd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Walkerite","Walkerite","Ca16(Mg,Li)2[B13O17(OH)12]4Cl6·28H2O","Ca16(Mg,Li)2[B13O17(OH)12]4Cl6·28H2O","Ca_16_(Mg,Li)_2_[B_13_O_17_(OH)_12_]_4_Cl_6_·28H_2_O","Ca_16_(Mg,Li)_2_[B_13_O_17_(OH)_12_]_4_Cl_6_·28H_2_O","Ca Mg Li B O H Cl","IMA2001-051"," ",4649," ","orthorhombic","Pba2","Ca Mg Li B O H Cl","Wk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Wallisite","Wallisite","Cu1+Pb2+Tl1+As3+2S2-5","CuPbTlAs2S5","CuPbTlAs_2_S_5_","Cu^1+^Pb^2+^Tl^1+^As^3+^_2_S^2-^_5_","Cu Pb Tl As S","IMA1971 s.p."," ",4650," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^1+ Pb^2+ Tl^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Wal","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Wallkilldellite","Wallkilldellite","Ca4Mn2+6(As5+O4)4(OH)8·18H2O","Ca2Mn2+3(AsO4)2(OH)4·9H2O","Ca_2_Mn^2+^_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·9H_2_O","Ca_4_Mn^2+^_6_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_(OH)_8_·18H_2_O","Ca Mn As O H","IMA1982-084"," ",4651," ",,,"Ca Mn^2+ As^5+ O H","Wlk","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Wallkilldellite-(Fe)","Wallkilldellite-(Fe)","Ca2Fe2+3(As5+O4)2(OH)4·9H2O","Ca2Fe2+3(AsO4)2(OH)4·9H2O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^_3_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·9H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·9H_2_O","Ca Fe As O H","IMA1997-032"," ",4652," ","hexagonal",,"Ca Fe^2+ As^5+ O H","Wlk-Fe","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Walpurgite","Walpurgite","Bi3+4O4(U6+O2)(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Bi4O4(UO2)(AsO4)2·2H2O","Bi_4_O_4_(UO_2_)(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Bi^3+^_4_O_4_(U^6+^O_2_)(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Bi O U As H"," "," ",4653," ","triclinic","P1","Bi^3+ O U^6+ As^5+ H","Wpg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Walstromite","Walstromite","BaCa2Si3O9","BaCa2Si3O9","BaCa_2_Si_3_O_9_","BaCa_2_Si_3_O_9_","Ba Ca Si O","IMA1964-009"," ",4654,"Margarosanite","triclinic","P1","Ba Ca Si O","Ws","Abiotic, Biotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Walthierite","Walthierite","Ba0.5Al3(S6+O4)2(OH)6","Ba0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6","Ba_0.5_Al_3_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ba_0.5_Al_3_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Ba Al S O H","IMA1991-008"," ",4655,"Alunite-Alunite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Al S^6+ O H","Wtr","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Wampenite","Wampenite","C18H16","C18H16","C_18_H_16_","C_18_H_16_","C H","IMA2015-061"," ",6463,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/a","C H","Wpn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Wangdaodeite","Wangdaodeite","Fe2+Ti4+O3","FeTiO3","FeTiO_3_","Fe^2+^Ti^4+^O_3_","Fe Ti O","IMA2016-007"," ",6519,"Corundum","hexagonal","R3","Fe^2+ Ti^4+ O","Wdd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals","No" +"Wangkuirenite","Wangkuirenite","Pb2+3Cl2(Se4+O3)2","Pb3Cl2(SeO3)2","Pb_3_Cl_2_(SeO_3_)_2_","Pb^2+^_3_Cl_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_","Pb Cl Se O","IMA2023-030"," ",7369," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ Cl Se^4+ O"," ",,"No" +"Wangpuite","Wangpuite","K3(PO4)(Mo6+12O36)","K3(PO4)(Mo12O36)","K_3_(PO_4_)(Mo_12_O_36_)","K_3_(PO_4_)(Mo^6+^_12_O_36_)","K P O Mo","IMA2022-111"," ",7329," ","cubic","Pn3m","K P O Mo^6+","Wpu",,"No" +"Wangxibinite","Wangxibinite","TiFe","TiFe","TiFe","TiFe","Ti Fe","IMA2023-081c"," ",7595," ","cubic","Im3m","Ti Fe","Wxb",,"No" +"Wangyanite","Wangyanite","PdNi8S8","PdNi8S8","PdNi_8_S_8_","PdNi_8_S_8_","Pd Ni S","IMA2024-008a"," ",7498,"Pentlandite","cubic","Fm3m","Pd Ni S","Wyn",,"No" +"Wardite","Wardite","NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4·2H2O","NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4·2H2O","NaAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","NaAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_4_·2H_2_O","Na Al P O H"," "," ",4656,"Wardite","tetragonal","P41212","Na Al P O H","Wd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wardsmithite","Wardsmithite","Ca5Mg(B4O7)6·30H2O","Ca5Mg(B4O7)6·30H2O","Ca_5_Mg(B_4_O_7_)_6_·30H_2_O","Ca_5_Mg(B_4_O_7_)_6_·30H_2_O","Ca Mg B O H","IMA1967-030"," ",4657," ",,,"Ca Mg B O H","Wsm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Warikahnite","Warikahnite","Zn2+3(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Zn3(AsO4)2·2H2O","Zn_3_(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Zn^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Zn As O H","IMA1978-038"," ",4658," ","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","War","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Warkite","Warkite","Ca2Sc6Al6O20","Ca2Sc6Al6O20","Ca_2_Sc_6_Al_6_O_20_","Ca_2_Sc_6_Al_6_O_20_","Ca Sc Al O","IMA2013-129"," ",6288,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Ca Sc Al O","Wki","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates","No" +"Warwickite","Warwickite","(Mg,Ti4+,Fe3+,Cr3+,Al)2O(BO3)","(Mg,Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)2O(BO3)","(Mg,Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)_2_O(BO_3_)","(Mg,Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^,Cr^3+^,Al)_2_O(BO_3_)","Mg Ti Fe Cr Al O B"," "," ",4659,"Warwickite","orthorhombic","Pnma, Pnam","Mg Ti^4+ Fe^3+ Cr^3+ Al O B","Wwk","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Wassonite","Wassonite","Ti2+S2-","TiS","TiS","Ti^2+^S^2-^","Ti S","IMA2010-074"," ",5914," ","hexagonal","R3m","Ti^2+ S^2-","Was","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Watanabeite","Watanabeite","Cu1+4(As3+,Sb3+)2S2-5","Cu4(As,Sb)2S5","Cu_4_(As,Sb)_2_S_5_","Cu^1+^_4_(As^3+^,Sb^3+^)_2_S^2-^_5_","Cu As Sb S","IMA1991-025"," ",4660," ","orthorhombic","Amm2","Cu^1+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Wa","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Watatsumiite","Watatsumiite","KNa2LiMn2+2V4+2Si8O24","LiNa2KMn2V2Si8O24","LiNa_2_KMn_2_V_2_Si_8_O_24_","KNa_2_LiMn^2+^_2_V^4+^_2_Si_8_O_24_","Li Na K Mn V Si O","IMA2001-043"," ",5083,"Neptunite","monoclinic","Cc","K Na Li Mn^2+ V^4+ Si O","Wts","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Waterhouseite","Waterhouseite","Mn2+7(PO4)2(OH)8","Mn7(PO4)2(OH)8","Mn_7_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_","Mn^2+^_7_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_8_","Mn P O H","IMA2004-035"," ",5287," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ P O H","Whs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Watkinsonite","Watkinsonite","Pb2+Cu1+2Bi3+4(Se2-,S2-)8","PbCu2Bi4(Se,S)8","PbCu_2_Bi_4_(Se,S)_8_","Pb^2+^Cu^1+^_2_Bi^3+^_4_(Se^2-^,S^2-^)_8_","Pb Cu Bi Se S","IMA1985-024"," ",4661,"Watkinsonite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ Cu^1+ Bi^3+ Se^2- S^2-","Wat","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Wattersite","Wattersite","Hg1+4Hg2+O2(Cr6+O4)","Hg1+4Hg2+O2(CrO4)","Hg^1+^_4_Hg^2+^O_2_(CrO_4_)","Hg^1+^_4_Hg^2+^O_2_(Cr^6+^O_4_)","Hg O Cr","IMA1987-030"," ",4662," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Hg^1+ Hg^2+ O Cr^6+","Wte","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wattevilleite","Wattevilleite","Na2Ca(S6+O4)2·4H2O","Na2Ca(SO4)2·4H2O (?)","Na_2_Ca(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O (?)","Na_2_Ca(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Na Ca S O H"," "," ",5084," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Ca S^6+ O H","Wtv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Wavellite","Wavellite","Al3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O","Al3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O","Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_3_·5H_2_O","Al P O H","IMA1971 s.p."," ",4860,"Wavellite","orthorhombic","Pcmn","Al P O H","Wav","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wawayandaite","Wawayandaite","Ca6Be9Mn2+2BSi6O23(OH,Cl)15","Ca6Be9Mn2+2BSi6O23(OH,Cl)15","Ca_6_Be_9_Mn^2+^_2_BSi_6_O_23_(OH,Cl)_15_","Ca_6_Be_9_Mn^2+^_2_BSi_6_O_23_(OH,Cl)_15_","Ca Be Mn B Si O H Cl","IMA1988-043"," ",4663," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca Be Mn^2+ B Si O H Cl","Waw","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Waylandite","Waylandite","Bi3+Al3(PO4)2(OH)6","BiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6","BiAl_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Bi^3+^Al_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Bi Al P O H","IMA1962-003"," ",4664,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Bi^3+ Al P O H","Way","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wayneburnhamite","Wayneburnhamite","Pb2+9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3","Pb9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3","Pb_9_Ca_6_(Si_2_O_7_)_3_(SiO_4_)_3_","Pb^2+^_9_Ca_6_(Si_2_O_7_)_3_(SiO_4_)_3_","Pb Ca Si O","IMA2015-124"," ",6525,"Ganomalite","hexagonal","P6","Pb^2+ Ca Si O","Wbh","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Weberite","Weberite","Na2MgAlF7","Na2MgAlF7","Na_2_MgAlF_7_","Na_2_MgAlF_7_","Na Mg Al F"," "," ",4665,"Weberite","orthorhombic","Imma, Imm2, I212121, I2mb","Na Mg Al F","Web","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Weddellite","Weddellite","Ca(C2)6+O4·2H2O","Ca(C2O4)·2H2O","Ca(C_2_O_4_)·2H_2_O","Ca(C_2_)^6+^O_4_·2H_2_O","Ca C O H"," "," ",4666,"Oxalate","tetragonal","I4/m","Ca C O H","Wed","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM24 - Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Weeksite","Weeksite","K2(U6+O2)2(Si5O13)·4H2O","(K)2(UO2)2(Si5O13)·4H2O","(K)_2_(UO_2_)_2_(Si_5_O_13_)·4H_2_O","K_2_(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(Si_5_O_13_)·4H_2_O","K U O Si H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4667," ","monoclinic, orthorhombic","C2/m, Amm2, Cmmb, Cmmm","K U^6+ O Si H","Wks","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wegscheiderite","Wegscheiderite","Na5H3(CO3)4","Na5H3(CO3)4","Na_5_H_3_(CO_3_)_4_","Na_5_H_3_(CO_3_)_4_","Na H C O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4668," ","triclinic","P1","Na H C O","Weg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Weibullite","Weibullite","Ag1+0.3Pb2+5.3Bi3+8.3(S2-,Se2-)18","Ag0.33Pb5.33Bi8.33(S,Se)18","Ag_0.33_Pb_5.33_Bi_8.33_(S,Se)_18_","Ag^1+^_0.3_Pb^2+^_5.3_Bi^3+^_8.3_(S^2-^,Se^2-^)_18_","Ag Pb Bi S Se","IMA1980 s.p."," ",4669,"Kobellite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ag^1+ Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2- Se^2-","Wbl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Weilerite","Weilerite","BaAl3(S6+O4)(As5+O4)(OH)6","BaAl3(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6","BaAl_3_(SO_4_)(AsO_4_)(OH)_6_","BaAl_3_(S^6+^O_4_)(As^5+^O_4_)(OH)_6_","Ba Al S O As H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",5171,"Alunite-beudantite",,,"Ba Al S^6+ O As^5+ H","Wlr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Weilite","Weilite","Ca(As5+O3OH)","Ca(AsO3OH)","Ca(AsO_3_OH)","Ca(As^5+^O_3_OH)","Ca As O H","IMA1963-006"," ",4670," ","triclinic","P1","Ca As^5+ O H","Wei","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Weinebeneite","Weinebeneite","CaBe3(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","CaBe3(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","CaBe_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","CaBe_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Ca Be P O H","IMA1990-049"," ",4671," ","monoclinic","Cc","Ca Be P O H","Wbn","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Weishanite","Weishanite","(Au,Ag,Hg)","(Au,Ag,Hg)","(Au,Ag,Hg)","(Au,Ag,Hg)","Au Ag Hg","IMA1982-076"," ",4672," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Au Ag Hg","Whn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Weissbergite","Weissbergite","Tl1+Sb3+S2-2","TlSbS2","TlSbS_2_","Tl^1+^Sb^3+^S^2-^_2_","Tl Sb S","IMA1975-040"," ",4673,"Weissbergite","triclinic","P1","Tl^1+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Wsb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Weissite","Weissite","Cu2-xTe","Cu2-xTe","Cu_2-x_Te","Cu_2-x_Te","Cu Te"," "," ",4674," ","hexagonal","P3m1","Cu Te","Wst","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Welinite","Welinite","Mn2+6(W6+☐)(SiO4)2O4(OH)2","Mn2+6(W6+☐)(SiO4)2O4(OH)2","Mn^2+^_6_(W^6+^[box])(SiO_4_)_2_O_4_(OH)_2_","Mn^2+^_6_(W^6+^[box])(SiO_4_)_2_O_4_(OH)_2_","Mn W Si O H","IMA1966-002"," ",4675,"Welinite","hexagonal","P63","Mn^2+ W^6+ Si O H","Wln","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Weloganite","Weloganite","Na2Sr3Zr4+(CO3)6·3H2O","Na2Sr3Zr(CO3)6·3H2O","Na_2_Sr_3_Zr(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na_2_Sr_3_Zr^4+^(CO_3_)_6_·3H_2_O","Na Sr Zr C O H","IMA1967-042"," ",4677,"Mckelveyite","triclinic","P1","Na Sr Zr^4+ C O H","Wlg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Welshite","Welshite","Ca4(Mg9Sb5+3)O4[Si6Be3AlFe3+2O36]","Ca4[Mg9Sb5+3]O4[Si6Be3AlFe3+2O36]","Ca_4_[Mg_9_Sb^5+^_3_]O_4_[Si_6_Be_3_AlFe^3+^_2_O_36_]","Ca_4_(Mg_9_Sb^5+^_3_)O_4_[Si_6_Be_3_AlFe^3+^_2_O_36_]","Ca Mg Sb O Si Be Al Fe","IMA1973-019"," ",4678,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Ca Mg Sb^5+ O Si Be Al Fe^3+","Wel","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Wendwilsonite","Wendwilsonite","Ca2Mg(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Ca2Mg(AsO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Mg(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Mg(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Mg As O H","IMA1985-047"," ",4679,"Roselite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Mg As^5+ O H","Wdw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wenjiite","Wenjiite","Ti10SixPy; x>y, 6≤(x+y)≤7","Ti10SixPy; x>y, 6≤(x+y)≤7","Ti_10_Si_x_P_y_; x>y, 6≤(x+y)≤7","Ti_10_Si_x_P_y_; x>y, 6≤(x+y)≤7","Ti Si P","IMA2019-107c"," ",7118,"Xifengite","hexagonal","P63/mcm","Ti Si P","Wnj","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Wenkite","Wenkite","Ba4Ca6(Si,Al)20O41(OH)2(S6+O4)3·H2O","Ba4Ca6(Si,Al)20O41(OH)2(SO4)3·H2O","Ba_4_Ca_6_(Si,Al)_20_O_41_(OH)_2_(SO_4_)_3_·H_2_O","Ba_4_Ca_6_(Si,Al)_20_O_41_(OH)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_3_·H_2_O","Ba Ca Si Al O H S","IMA1967 s.p."," ",5014," ","hexagonal","P62m","Ba Ca Si Al O H S^6+","Wen","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Wenlanzhangite-(Y)","Wenlanzhangite-(Y)","Y2V3+2V4+2(SiO4)2O4(OH)4","Y2V3+2V4+2(SiO4)2O4(OH)4","Y_2_V^3+^_2_V^4+^_2_(SiO_4_)_2_O_4_(OH)_4_","Y_2_V^3+^_2_V^4+^_2_(SiO_4_)_2_O_4_(OH)_4_","Y V Si O H","IMA2022-142"," ",7353,"Jingwenite","triclinic","P1","Y V^3+ V^4+ Si O H","Wlz-Y",,"No" +"Wenqingite","Wenqingite","Pb5(AsS3)2(Ge2S6)","Pb5(AsS3)2(Ge2S6)","Pb_5_(AsS_3_)_2_(Ge_2_S_6_)","Pb_5_(AsS_3_)_2_(Ge_2_S_6_)","Pb As S Ge","IMA2024-098"," ",7565,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Pb As S Ge","Wq",,"No" +"Werdingite","Werdingite","Mg2Al14Si4B4O37","Mg2Al14Si4B4O37","Mg_2_Al_14_Si_4_B_4_O_37_","Mg_2_Al_14_Si_4_B_4_O_37_","Mg Al Si B O","IMA1988-023"," ",4680," ","triclinic","P1","Mg Al Si B O","Wrd","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Wermlandite","Wermlandite","Mg7Al2(OH)18[Ca(H2O)6](S6+O4)2·6H2O","Mg7Al2(OH)18[Ca(H2O)6](SO4)2·6H2O","Mg_7_Al_2_(OH)_18_[Ca(H_2_O)_6_](SO_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Mg_7_Al_2_(OH)_18_[Ca(H_2_O)_6_](S^6+^O_4_)_2_·6H_2_O","Mg Al O H Ca S","IMA1970-007"," ",4681,"Woodwardite, Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P3c1","Mg Al O H Ca S^6+","Wld","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wernerbaurite","Wernerbaurite","(N3-H4)2Ca2[V5+10O28]·16H2O","{(NH4)2[Ca2(H2O)14](H2O)2}{V10O28}","{(NH_4_)_2_[Ca_2_(H_2_O)_14_](H_2_O)_2_}{V_10_O_28_}","(N^3-^H_4_)_2_Ca_2_[V^5+^_10_O_28_]·16H_2_O","N H Ca O V","IMA2012-064, IMA2015 s.p."," ",6119,"Pascoite","triclinic","P1","N^3- H Ca V^5+ O","Wbr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Wernerkrauseite","Wernerkrauseite","CaFe3+2Mn4+O6","CaFe3+2Mn4+O6","CaFe^3+^_2_Mn^4+^O_6_","CaFe^3+^_2_Mn^4+^O_6_","Ca Fe Mn O","IMA2014-008"," ",6301,"Spinel-Post-spinel","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca Fe^3+ Mn^4+ O","Wkr","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Wesselsite","Wesselsite","SrCu2+Si4O10","SrCuSi4O10","SrCuSi_4_O_10_","SrCu^2+^Si_4_O_10_","Sr Cu Si O","IMA1994-055"," ",4682,"Gillespite","tetragonal","P4/ncc","Sr Cu^2+ Si O","Wes","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Westerveldite","Westerveldite","FeAs","FeAs","FeAs","FeAs","Fe As","IMA1971-017"," ",4683,"Modderite","orthorhombic","Pna21, Pnam, Pbnm","Fe As","Wvd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Wetherillite","Wetherillite","Na2Mg(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)4·18H2O","Na2Mg(UO2)2(SO4)4·18H2O","Na_2_Mg(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)_4_·18H_2_O","Na_2_Mg(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·18H_2_O","Na Mg U O S H","IMA2014-044"," ",6340,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Mg U^6+ O S^6+ H","Wet","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Wheatleyite","Wheatleyite","Na2Cu2+((C2)6+O4)2·2H2O","Na2Cu(C2O4)2·2H2O","Na_2_Cu(C_2_O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na_2_Cu^2+^((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Na Cu C O H","IMA1984-040"," ",4684,"Oxalate","triclinic","P1","Na Cu^2+ C O H","Wty","Biotic; Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Whelanite","Whelanite","Cu2+2Ca6[Si6O17(OH)](CO3)(OH)3·2H2O","Cu2Ca6[Si6O17(OH)](CO3)(OH)3(H2O)2","Cu_2_Ca_6_[Si_6_O_17_(OH)](CO_3_)(OH)_3_(H_2_O)_2_","Cu^2+^_2_Ca_6_[Si_6_O_17_(OH)](CO_3_)(OH)_3_·2H_2_O","Cu Ca Si O H C","IMA1977-006"," ",4863," ","orthorhombic","Pn2n","Cu^2+ Ca Si O H C","Wla","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Wherryite","Wherryite","Pb2+7Cu2+2(S6+O4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2","Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2","Pb_7_Cu_2_(SO_4_)_4_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_7_Cu^2+^_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_(SiO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb Cu S O Si H"," "," ",4685," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ S^6+ O Si H","Whr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Whewellite","Whewellite","Ca(C2)6+O4·H2O","Ca(C2O4)·H2O","Ca(C_2_O_4_)·H_2_O","Ca(C_2_)^6+^O_4_·H_2_O","Ca C O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4686,"Oxalate","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca C O H","Whe","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Whitecapsite","Whitecapsite","H16Fe2+5Fe3+14Sb3+6(As5+O4)18O16·120H2O","H16Fe2+5Fe3+14Sb3+6(AsO4)18O16·120H2O","H_16_Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_14_Sb^3+^_6_(AsO_4_)_18_O_16_·120H_2_O","H_16_Fe^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_14_Sb^3+^_6_(As^5+^O_4_)_18_O_16_·120H_2_O","H Fe Sb As O","IMA2012-030"," ",6087,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63/m","H Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Sb^3+ As^5+ O","Wcp","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Whiteite-(CaFeMg)","Whiteite-(CaFeMg)","CaFe2+Mg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaFe2+Mg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaFe^2+^Mg_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","CaFe^2+^Mg_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca Fe Mg Al P O H","IMA1975-001"," ",4687,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Fe^2+ Mg Al P O H","Wt-CaFeMg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Whiteite-(CaMgMg)","Whiteite-(CaMgMg)","CaMg3Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMg3Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMg_3_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","CaMg_3_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca Mg Al P O H","IMA2016-001"," ",6530,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Mg Al P O H","Wt-CaMgMg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Whiteite-(CaMnFe)","Whiteite-(CaMnFe)","CaMn2+Fe2+2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMnFe2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMnFe_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","CaMn^2+^Fe^2+^_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca Mn Fe Al P O H","IMA2022-072"," ",7293,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Al P O H","Wt-CaMnFe",,"No" +"Whiteite-(CaMnMg)","Whiteite-(CaMnMg)","CaMn2+Mg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMn2+Mg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMn^2+^Mg_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","CaMn^2+^Mg_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca Mn Mg Al P O H","IMA1986-012"," ",4688,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Mn^2+ Mg Al P O H","Wt-CaMnMg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Whiteite-(CaMnMn)","Whiteite-(CaMnMn)","CaMn2+Mn2+2Al2[PO4]4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMn2+Mn2+2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","CaMn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","CaMn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_Al_2_[PO_4_]_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Ca Mn Al P O H","IMA2011-002"," ",5933,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Ca Mn^2+ Al P O H","Wt-CaMnMn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Whiteite-(MnFeMg)","Whiteite-(MnFeMg)","Mn2+Fe2+Mg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Fe2+Mg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Fe^2+^Mg_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Fe^2+^Mg_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Fe Mg Al P O H","IMA1978 s.p."," ",4689,"Jahnsite",,,"Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Mg Al P O H","Wt-MnFeMg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Whiteite-(MnMnMg)","Whiteite-(MnMnMg)","Mn2+Mn2+Mg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Mn2+Mg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Mg_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Mg_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Mg Al P O H","IMA2015-092"," ",6491,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Mn^2+ Mg Al P O H","Wt-MnMnMg","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Whiteite-(MnMnMn)","Whiteite-(MnMnMn)","Mn2+Mn2+Mn2+2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn2+Mn2+Mn2+2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn^2+^Mn^2+^Mn^2+^_2_Al_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Mn Al P O H","IMA2021-049"," ",7148,"Jahnsite","monoclinic","P2/a","Mn^2+ Al P O H","Wt-MnMnMn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Whiterockite","Whiterockite","CaMgMn3+3O2(PO4)2(CO3)F·5H2O","CaMgMn3+3O2(PO4)2(CO3)F·5H2O","CaMgMn^3+^_3_O_2_(PO_4_)_2_(CO_3_)F·5H_2_O","CaMgMn^3+^_3_O_2_(PO_4_)_2_(CO_3_)F·5H_2_O","Ca Mg Mn O P C F H","IMA2020-044"," ",7062,"Jorgkellerite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Mg Mn^3+ O P C F H","Wrc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Whitlockite","Whitlockite","Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)","Ca9Mg(PO3OH)(PO4)6","Ca_9_Mg(PO_3_OH)(PO_4_)_6_","Ca_9_Mg(PO_4_)_6_(PO_3_OH)","Ca Mg P O H"," "," ",4690,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ca Mg P O H","Wht","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM57 - Other minerals formed by human processes","No" +"Whitmoreite","Whitmoreite","Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Fe P O H","IMA1974-009"," ",4691,"Arthurite","monoclinic","P21/c","Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Whm","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wickenburgite","Wickenburgite","Pb2+3CaAl2Si10O27·4H2O","Pb3CaAl2Si10O27·4H2O","Pb_3_CaAl_2_Si_10_O_27_·4H_2_O","Pb^2+^_3_CaAl_2_Si_10_O_27_·4H_2_O","Pb Ca Al Si O H","IMA1968-006"," ",4692,"Wickenburgite","hexagonal","P31c","Pb^2+ Ca Al Si O H","Wbu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wickmanite","Wickmanite","Mn2+Sn4+(OH)6","Mn2+Sn4+(OH)6","Mn^2+^Sn^4+^(OH)_6_","Mn^2+^Sn^4+^(OH)_6_","Mn Sn O H","IMA1965-024"," ",4693,"Perovskite","cubic","Pn3, Pn3m","Mn^2+ Sn^4+ O H","Wm","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Wicksite","Wicksite","NaCa2Fe2+2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)4(PO4)6·2H2O","NaCa2Fe2+2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)4(PO4)6·2H2O","NaCa_2_Fe^2+^_2_(Fe^3+^,Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^)_4_(PO_4_)_6_·2H_2_O","NaCa_2_Fe^2+^_2_(Fe^3+^,Mn^2+^,Fe^2+^)_4_(PO_4_)_6_·2H_2_O","Na Ca Fe Mn P O H","IMA1979-019"," ",4694,"Wicksite","orthorhombic","Pcab","Na Ca Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Mn^2+ P O H","Wic","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Widenmannite","Widenmannite","Pb2+2U6+O2(CO3)2(OH)2","Pb2(OH)2[(UO2)(CO3)2]","Pb_2_(OH)_2_[(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_2_]","Pb^2+^_2_U^6+^O_2_(CO_3_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb O H U C","IMA1974-008"," ",4695," ","orthorhombic","Pnmm, Pmmn","Pb^2+ U^6+ O C H","Wdm","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Widgiemoolthalite","Widgiemoolthalite","Ni2+5(CO3)4(OH)2·4-5H2O","Ni5(CO3)4(OH)2·4-5H2O","Ni_5_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_·4-5H_2_O","Ni^2+^_5_(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_2_·4-5H_2_O","Ni C O H","IMA1992-006"," ",4696," ","monoclinic",,"Ni^2+ C O H","Wmo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Wightmanite","Wightmanite","Mg5O(BO3)(OH)5·2H2O","Mg5O(BO3)(OH)5·2H2O","Mg_5_O(BO_3_)(OH)_5_·2H_2_O","Mg_5_O(BO_3_)(OH)_5_·2H_2_O","Mg O B H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4697," ","monoclinic","I2/m","Mg O B H","Wmn","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Wiklundite","Wiklundite","Pb2+2(Mn2+,Zn2+)3(Fe3+,Mn2+)2(Mn2+,Mg)19(As3+O3)2(Si,As5+O4)6(OH)18Cl6","Pb2(Mn2+,Zn)3(Fe3+,Mn2+)2(Mn2+,Mg)19(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]6(OH)18Cl6","Pb_2_(Mn^2+^,Zn)_3_(Fe^3+^,Mn^2+^)_2_(Mn^2+^,Mg)_19_(As^3+^O_3_)_2_[(Si,As^5+^)O_4_]_6_(OH)_18_Cl_6_","Pb^2+^_2_(Mn^2+^,Zn^2+^)_3_(Fe^3+^,Mn^2+^)_2_(Mn^2+^,Mg)_19_(As^3+^O_3_)_2_(Si,As^5+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_18_Cl_6_","Pb Mn Zn Fe Mg As O Si H Cl","IMA2015-057"," ",6457,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","R3c","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Zn^2+ Fe^3+ Mg As^3+ O Si As^5+ H Cl","Wik","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wilancookite","Wilancookite","(Ba5Li2☐)Ba6Be24P24O96·26H2O","(Ba5Li2☐)Ba6Be24P24O96·26H2O","(Ba_5_Li_2_[box])Ba_6_Be_24_P_24_O_96_·26H_2_O","(Ba_5_Li_2_[box])Ba_6_Be_24_P_24_O_96_·26H_2_O","Ba Li Be P O H","IMA2015-034"," ",6442," ","cubic","I23","Ba Li Be P O H","Wck","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Wilcoxite","Wilcoxite","MgAl(S6+O4)2F·18H2O","MgAl(SO4)2F·17H2O","MgAl(SO_4_)_2_F·17H_2_O","MgAl(S^6+^O_4_)_2_F·18H_2_O","Mg Al S O F H","IMA1979-070"," ",4698,"Aubertite","triclinic","P1","Mg Al S^6+ O F H","Wcx","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Wildcatite","Wildcatite","CaFe3+Te6+O5(OH)","CaFe3+Te6+O5(OH)","CaFe^3+^Te^6+^O_5_(OH)","CaFe^3+^Te^6+^O_5_(OH)","Ca Fe Te O H","IMA2020-019"," ",7030,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P31m","Ca Fe^3+ Te^6+ O H","Wct","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wildenauerite","Wildenauerite","Zn2+(Fe3+0.5Mn2+0.5)2Mn2+Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)3(H2O)8","Zn(Fe3+0.5Mn2+0.5)2Mn2+Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)3(H2O)8","Zn(Fe^3+^_0.5_Mn^2+^_0.5_)_2_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_(H_2_O)_8_","Zn^2+^(Fe^3+^_0.5_Mn^2+^_0.5_)_2_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_3_(H_2_O)_8_","Zn Fe Mn P O H","IMA2017-058"," ",6696,"Calcioferrite","orthorhombic","Pmab","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ Mn^2+ P O H","Wda","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wilhelmgümbelite","Wilhelmgumbelite","Zn2+Fe2+Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)5·2H2O","[ZnFe2+Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)4(H2O)5]·2H2O","[ZnFe^2+^Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_5_]·2H_2_O","Zn^2+^Fe^2+^Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_(H_2_O)_5_·2H_2_O","Zn Fe P O H","IMA2015-072"," ",6483,"Calcioferrite-Schoonerite","orthorhombic","Pmab","Zn^2+ Fe^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Wgü","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wilhelmkleinite","Wilhelmkleinite","Zn2+Fe3+2(As5+O4)2(OH)2","ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2","ZnFe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Zn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Zn Fe As O H","IMA1997-034"," ",4699," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Wkl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wilhelmramsayite","Wilhelmramsayite","Cu3FeS3·2H2O","Cu3FeS3·2H2O","Cu_3_FeS_3_·2H_2_O","Cu_3_FeS_3_·2H_2_O","Cu Fe S H O","IMA2004-033"," ",5286," ","orthorhombic","Pmmm","Cu Fe S H O","Wrm","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Wilhelmvierlingite","Wilhelmvierlingite","CaMn2+Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O","CaMn2+Fe3+(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O","CaMn^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O","CaMn^2+^Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)·2H_2_O","Ca Mn Fe P O H","IMA1982-025"," ",4700,"Overite","orthorhombic",,"Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Wvl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wilkinsonite","Wilkinsonite","Na4(Fe2+8Fe3+4)O4[Si12O36]","Na4[Fe2+8Fe3+4]O4[Si12O36]","Na_4_[Fe^2+^_8_Fe^3+^_4_]O_4_[Si_12_O_36_]","Na_4_(Fe^2+^_8_Fe^3+^_4_)O_4_[Si_12_O_36_]","Na Fe O Si","IMA1988-053"," ",4701,"Sapphirine","triclinic","P1","Na Fe^2+ Fe^3+ O Si","Wkn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Wilkmanite","Wilkmanite","Ni3Se4","Ni3Se4","Ni_3_Se_4_","Ni_3_Se_4_","Ni Se","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4702,"Wilkmanite","monoclinic","C2/m, I2/m","Ni Se","Wkm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Willemite","Willemite","Zn2+2SiO4","Zn2SiO4","Zn_2_SiO_4_","Zn^2+^_2_SiO_4_","Zn Si O"," "," ",4703,"Phenakite","hexagonal, tetragonal","R3, I42d","Zn^2+ Si O","Wlm","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Willemseite","Willemseite","Ni2+3Si4O10(OH)2","Ni3Si4O10(OH)2","Ni_3_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","Ni^2+^_3_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_","Ni Si O H","IMA1971 s.p."," ",4704,"Clay, Talc","monoclinic",,"Ni^2+ Si O H","Wls","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Willhendersonite","Willhendersonite","KCa(Si3Al3)O12·5H2O","KCa(Si3Al3)O12·5H2O","KCa(Si_3_Al_3_)O_12_·5H_2_O","KCa(Si_3_Al_3_)O_12_·5H_2_O","K Ca Si Al O H","IMA1981-030"," ",4705,"Chabazite","triclinic","P1","K Ca Si Al O H","Whd","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals","No" +"Willyamite","Willyamite","Co3+(SbS)3-","CoSbS","CoSbS","Co^3+^(SbS)^3-^","Co Sb S","IMA1969-001a, IMA1970 s.p."," ",4706,"Cobaltite","orthorhombic","Pca21","Co^3+ Sb S","Wly","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Wiluite","Wiluite","Ca19(Al,Mg)13(B,☐,Al)5(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(O,OH)10","Ca19(Al,Mg)13(B,☐,Al)5(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(O,OH)10","Ca_19_(Al,Mg)_13_(B,[box],Al)_5_(SiO_4_)_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(O,OH)_10_","Ca_19_(Al,Mg)_13_(B,[box],Al)_5_(SiO_4_)_10_(Si_2_O_7_)_4_(O,OH)_10_","Ca Al Mg B Si O H","IMA1997-026"," ",4707,"Vesuvianite","tetragonal","P4/nnc","Ca Al Mg B Si O H","Wil","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Winchite","Winchite","☐NaCa(Mg4Al)Si8O22(OH)2","☐(NaCa)(Mg4Al)Si8O22(OH)2","[box](NaCa)(Mg_4_Al)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","[box]NaCa(Mg_4_Al)Si_8_O_22_(OH)_2_","Na Ca Mg Al Si O H","IMA2012 s.p."," ",4708,"Amphibole","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Ca Mg Al Si O H","Wnc","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Windhoekite","Windhoekite","Ca2Fe3+2.67(Si8O20)(OH)4·10H2O","Ca2Fe3+3-x[Si8O20](OH)4·10H2O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_3-x_[Si_8_O_20_](OH)_4_·10H_2_O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_2.67_(Si_8_O_20_)(OH)_4_·10H_2_O","Ca Fe Si O H","IMA2010-083"," ",5926,"Palygorskite","monoclinic","C2/m","Ca Fe^3+ Si O H","Whk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Windmountainite","Windmountainite","☐Fe3+2Mg2Si8O20(OH)2·8H2O","☐Fe3+2Mg2Si8O20(OH)2·8H2O","[box]Fe^3+^_2_Mg_2_Si_8_O_20_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","[box]Fe^3+^_2_Mg_2_Si_8_O_20_(OH)_2_·8H_2_O","Fe Mg Si O H","IMA2018-130a"," ",6932,"Clay, Palygorskite","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^3+ Mg Si O H","Wmt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Winstanleyite","Winstanleyite","Ti4+Te4+3O8","TiTe4+3O8","TiTe^4+^_3_O_8_","Ti^4+^Te^4+^_3_O_8_","Ti Te O","IMA1979-001"," ",4709," ","cubic","I21/a3","Ti^4+ Te^4+ O","Wsn","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Wiperamingaite","Wiperamingaite","NaCaFe3+Al(PO4)F5(OH)·H2O","NaCaFe3+Al(PO4)F5(OH)·H2O","NaCaFe^3+^Al(PO_4_)F_5_(OH)·H_2_O","NaCaFe^3+^Al(PO_4_)F_5_(OH)·H_2_O","Na Ca Fe Al P O F H","IMA2023-023"," ",7378,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","P212121","Na Ca Fe^3+ Al P O F H","Wip",,"No" +"Wiserite","Wiserite","Mn2+14(B2O5)4(OH)8·(Si,Mg)(O,OH)4Cl","Mn2+14(B2O5)4(OH)8·(Si,Mg)(O,OH)4Cl","Mn^2+^_14_(B_2_O_5_)_4_(OH)_8_·(Si,Mg)(O,OH)_4_Cl","Mn^2+^_14_(B_2_O_5_)_4_(OH)_8_·(Si,Mg)(O,OH)_4_Cl","Mn B O H Si Mg Cl"," "," ",4710," ","tetragonal","P4/n","Mn^2+ B O H Si Mg Cl","Wis","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Witherite","Witherite","BaCO3","Ba(CO3)","Ba(CO_3_)","BaCO_3_","Ba C O"," "," ",4711,"Aragonite","orthorhombic","Pmcn","Ba C O","Wth","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wittichenite","Wittichenite","Cu1+3Bi3+S2-3","Cu3BiS3","Cu_3_BiS_3_","Cu^1+^_3_Bi^3+^S^2-^_3_","Cu Bi S"," "," ",4712," ","orthorhombic","P212121","Cu^1+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Wtc","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Wittite","Wittite","Pb2+8Bi3+10(S2-,Se2-)23","Pb8Bi10(S,Se)23","Pb_8_Bi_10_(S,Se)_23_","Pb^2+^_8_Bi^3+^_10_(S^2-^,Se^2-^)_23_","Pb Bi S Se"," "," ",4713," ","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2- Se^2-","Wit","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Witzkeite","Witzkeite","Na4K4Ca(N5+O3)2(S6+O4)4·2H2O","Na4K4Ca(NO3)2(SO4)4·2H2O","Na_4_K_4_Ca(NO_3_)_2_(SO_4_)_4_·2H_2_O","Na_4_K_4_Ca(N^5+^O_3_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·2H_2_O","Na K Ca N O S H","IMA2011-084"," ",6027,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Na K Ca N^5+ O S^6+ H","Wzk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM52 - Guano- and urine-derived minerals","No" +"Wodegongjieite","Wodegongjieite","KCa3(Al7Si9)O32","KCa3(Al7Si9)O32","KCa_3_(Al_7_Si_9_)O_32_","KCa_3_(Al_7_Si_9_)O_32_","K Ca Al Si O","IMA2020-036b"," ",7229,"Cymrite","hexagonal","P6/mcc","K Ca Al Si O","Wgj","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Wodginite","Wodginite","Mn2+Sn4+Ta5+2O8","Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8","Mn^2+^Sn^4+^Ta_2_O_8_","Mn^2+^Sn^4+^Ta^5+^_2_O_8_","Mn Sn Ta O","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4714,"Columbite","monoclinic","C2/c, Cc","Mn^2+ Sn^4+ Ta^5+ O","Wdg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Wöhlerite","Wohlerite","Na2Ca4Zr4+(Nb5+,Ti4+)(Si2O7)2(O,F)4","Na2Ca4Zr(Nb,Ti)(Si2O7)2(O,F)4","Na_2_Ca_4_Zr(Nb,Ti)(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(O,F)_4_","Na_2_Ca_4_Zr^4+^(Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(O,F)_4_","Na Ca Zr Nb Ti Si O F"," "," ",4882,"Wöhlerite","monoclinic","P21","Na Ca Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ Si O F","Wöh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Wolfeite","Wolfeite","Fe2+2PO4(OH)","Fe2+2(PO4)(OH)","Fe^2+^_2_(PO_4_)(OH)","Fe^2+^_2_PO_4_(OH)","Fe P O H"," "," ",4716,"Wagnerite","monoclinic","P21/a","Fe^2+ P O H","Wol","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wolfsriedite","Wolfsriedite","Pb2+[(U6+O2)2(W6+Fe3+)O7(OH)](H2O)3","Pb[(UO2)2(W6+Fe3+)O7(OH)](H2O)3","Pb[(UO_2_)_2_(W^6+^Fe^3+^)O_7_(OH)](H_2_O)_3_","Pb^2+^[(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(W^6+^Fe^3+^)O_7_(OH)](H_2_O)_3_","Pb U O W Fe H","IMA2022-048a"," ",7566,"Uranotungstite","monoclinic","P21/m","Pb^2+ U^6+ O W^6+ Fe^3+ H","Wfr",,"No" +"Wollastonite","Wollastonite","CaSiO3","CaSiO3","CaSiO_3_","CaSiO_3_","Ca Si O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4717,"Wollastonite","monoclinic, triclinic","P21/a, C1, P1","Ca Si O","Wo","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Wölsendorfite","Wolsendorfite","Pb2+7(U6+O2)14O19(OH)4·12H2O","Pb7(UO2)14O19(OH)4·12H2O","Pb_7_(UO_2_)_14_O_19_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Pb^2+^_7_(U^6+^O_2_)_14_O_19_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Pb U O H"," "," ",4718,"Wölsendorfite","orthorhombic","Cmcm","Pb^2+ U^6+ O H","Wsd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wonesite","Wonesite","(Na,K,☐)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH,F)4","(Na,K,☐)(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH,F)4","(Na,K,[box])(Mg,Fe,Al)_6_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH,F)_4_","(Na,K,[box])(Mg,Fe^2+^,Al,Fe^3+^)_6_(Si,Al)_8_O_20_(OH,F)_4_","Na K Mg Fe Al Si O H F","IMA1979-007a"," ",4719,"Mica, Clay","monoclinic, triclinic","C2/m, C1","Na K Mg Fe^2+ Al Fe^3+ Si O H F","Wns","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Woodallite","Woodallite","Mg6Cr3+2(OH)16Cl2·4H2O","Mg6Cr2(OH)16Cl2·4H2O","Mg_6_Cr_2_(OH)_16_Cl_2_·4H_2_O","Mg_6_Cr^3+^_2_(OH)_16_Cl_2_·4H_2_O","Mg Cr O H Cl","IMA2000-042"," ",4720,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","R3m","Mg Cr^3+ O H Cl","Wod","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Woodhouseite","Woodhouseite","CaAl3(S6+O4)(PO4)(OH)6","CaAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6","CaAl_3_(SO_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)_6_","CaAl_3_(S^6+^O_4_)(PO_4_)(OH)_6_","Ca Al S O P H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4721,"Alunite-beudantite","hexagonal","R3m","Ca Al S^6+ O P H","Wdh","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM21 - Chemical precipitation, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Woodruffite","Woodruffite","Zn2+2Mn4+5O12·4H2O","Zn2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10·4H2O","Zn_2_(Mn^4+^,Mn^3+^)_5_O_10_·4H_2_O","Zn^2+^_2_Mn^4+^_5_O_12_·4H_2_O","Zn Mn O H"," "," ",4722," ",,,"Zn^2+ Mn^4+ O H","Wdr","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Woodwardite","Woodwardite","(Cu2+,Al)9(S6+O4)2(OH)18·nH2O","(Cu1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)","(Cu_1-x_Al_x_)(SO_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)","(Cu^2+^,Al)_9_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_18_·nH_2_O","Cu Al S O H"," "," ",4723,"Woodwardite, Hydrotalcite",,,"Cu^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Wwd","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wooldridgeite","Wooldridgeite","Na2CaCu2+2(P2O7)2·10H2O","Na2CaCu2+2(P2O7)2·10H2O","Na_2_CaCu^2+^_2_(P_2_O_7_)_2_·10H_2_O","Na_2_CaCu^2+^_2_(P_2_O_7_)_2_·10H_2_O","Na Ca Cu P O H","IMA1997-037"," ",4724," ","orthorhombic","Fdd2","Na Ca Cu^2+ P O H","Woo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wopmayite","Wopmayite","Ca6Na3☐Mn2+(PO4)3(PO3OH)4","Ca6Na3☐Mn(PO4)3(PO3OH)4","Ca_6_Na_3_[box]Mn(PO_4_)_3_(PO_3_OH)_4_","Ca_6_Na_3_[box]Mn^2+^(PO_4_)_3_(PO_3_OH)_4_","Ca Na Mn P O H","IMA2011-093"," ",6034,"Cerite","hexagonal","R3c","Ca Na Mn^2+ P O H","Wop","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Wortupaite","Wortupaite","MgNi2+2(Te4+O3)3·3H2O","MgNi2+2(Te4+O3)3·3H2O","MgNi^2+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·3H_2_O","MgNi^2+^_2_(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·3H_2_O","Mg Ni Te O H","IMA2022-107"," ",7327,"Zemannite","hexagonal","P63/m","Mg Ni^2+ Te^4+ O H","Wor",,"No" +"Wrightite","Wrightite","K2Al2O(As5+O4)2","K2Al2O(AsO4)2","K_2_Al_2_O(AsO_4_)_2_","K_2_Al_2_O(As^5+^O_4_)_2_","K Al O As","IMA2015-120"," ",6521,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","K Al O As^5+","Wgh","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Wroewolfeite","Wroewolfeite","Cu2+4S6+O4(OH)6·2H2O","Cu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O","Cu_4_(SO_4_)(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^_4_S^6+^O_4_(OH)_6_·2H_2_O","Cu S O H","IMA1973-064"," ",4725," ","monoclinic","Pc","Cu^2+ S^6+ O H","Wwf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Wulfenite","Wulfenite","Pb2+Mo6+O4","PbMoO4","PbMoO_4_","Pb^2+^Mo^6+^O_4_","Pb Mo O"," "," ",4726,"Scheelite","tetragonal","I41/a","Pb^2+ Mo^6+ O","Wul","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wulffite","Wulffite","K3NaCu2+4(S6+O4)4O2","K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4","K_3_NaCu_4_O_2_(SO_4_)_4_","K_3_NaCu^2+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_O_2_","K Na Cu O S","IMA2013-035"," ",6200,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pn21a","K Na Cu^2+ S^6+ O","Wlf","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Wülfingite","Wulfingite","Zn2+(OH)2","Zn(OH)2","Zn(OH)_2_","Zn^2+^(OH)_2_","Zn O H","IMA1983-070"," ",4727,"Cristobalite","orthorhombic","P212121","Zn^2+ O H","Wfg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Wumuite","Wumuite","KAl0.33W6+2.67O9","KAl0.33W2.67O9","KAl_0.33_W_2.67_O_9_","KAl_0.33_W^6+^_2.67_O_9_","K Al W O","IMA2017-067a"," ",6773,"Wumuite","hexagonal","P6/mmm","K Al W^6+ O","Wum","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Wupatkiite","Wupatkiite","Co2+Al2(S6+O4)4·22H2O","CoAl2(SO4)4·22H2O","CoAl_2_(SO_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Co^2+^Al_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_4_·22H_2_O","Co Al S O H","IMA1994-019"," ",4728,"Halotrichite","monoclinic","P21/c","Co^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Wup","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Wurtzite","Wurtzite","Zn2+S2+","ZnS","ZnS","Zn^2+^S^2+^","Zn S"," "," ",4729,"Wurtzite","hexagonal","P63mc","Zn^2+ S^2+","Wur","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), PM31 - Contact metamorphism, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM49 - Oxic cellular biomineralization, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Wüstite","Wustite","Fe2+O","FeO","FeO","Fe^2+^O","Fe O"," "," ",4730,"Rocksalt","cubic","Fm3m, Fm3m","Fe^2+ O","Wüs","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, PM42 - Sea-floor Mn nodules","No" +"Wuyanzhiite","Wuyanzhiite","Cu2S","Cu2S","Cu_2_S","Cu_2_S","Cu S","IMA2017-081"," ",6711," ","tetragonal","P43212","Cu S","Wuy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Wyartite","Wyartite","CaU5+(U6+O2)2(CO3)O4(OH)·7H2O","CaU5+(UO2)2(CO3)O4(OH)·7H2O","CaU^5+^(UO_2_)_2_(CO_3_)O_4_(OH)·7H_2_O","CaU^5+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(CO_3_)O_4_(OH)·7H_2_O","Ca U O C H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4731," ","orthorhombic","P212121, Pmcn","Ca U^5+ U^6+ O C H","Wya","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Wycheproofite","Wycheproofite","NaAlZr4+(PO4)2(OH)2·H2O","NaAlZr(PO4)2(OH)2·H2O","NaAlZr(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","NaAlZr^4+^(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Na Al Zr P O H","IMA1993-024"," ",4732," ","triclinic","P1","Na Al Zr^4+ P O H","Wyc","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Wyllieite","Wyllieite","NaNaMn2+(Fe2+Al)(PO4)3","NaNaMn(Fe2+Al)(PO4)3","NaNaMn(Fe^2+^Al)(PO_4_)_3_","NaNaMn^2+^(Fe^2+^Al)(PO_4_)_3_","Na Mn Fe Al P O","IMA1972-015"," ",4733,"Alluaudite-Wyllieite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Mn^2+ Fe^2+ Al P O","Wyl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Xanthiosite","Xanthiosite","Ni2+3☐(As5+O4)2","Ni3(AsO4)2","Ni_3_(AsO_4_)_2_","Ni^2+^_3_[box](As^5+^O_4_)_2_","Ni As O","IMA1965 s.p."," ",4734,"Olivine-Sarcopside","monoclinic","P21/c","Ni^2+ As^5+ O","Xth","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Xanthoconite","Xanthoconite","Ag1+3As3+S2-3","Ag3AsS3","Ag_3_AsS_3_","Ag^1+^_3_As^3+^S^2-^_3_","Ag As S"," "," ",4735,"Xanthoconite","monoclinic","C2/c","Ag^1+ As^3+ S^2-","Xcn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Xanthoxenite","Xanthoxenite","Ca4Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·3H2O","Ca4Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·3H2O","Ca_4_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Ca_4_Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Ca Fe P O H","IMA1975-004a"," ",4736," ",,,"Ca Fe^3+ P O H","Xox","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Xenophyllite","Xenophyllite","Na4Fe2+7(PO4)6","Na4Fe7(PO4)6","Na_4_Fe_7_(PO_4_)_6_","Na_4_Fe^2+^_7_(PO_4_)_6_","Na Fe P O","IMA2006-006"," ",5609," ",,,"Na Fe^2+ P O","Xp","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM30 - Terrestrial impact minerals","No" +"Xenotime-(Gd)","Xenotime-(Gd)","Gd(PO4)","Gd(PO4)","Gd(PO_4_)","Gd(PO_4_)","Gd P O","IMA2023-091"," ",7429,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Gd P O","Xtm-Gd",,"No" +"Xenotime-(Y)","Xenotime-(Y)","YPO4","Y(PO4)","Y(PO_4_)","YPO_4_","Y P O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4737,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Y P O","Xtm-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Xenotime-(Yb)","Xenotime-(Yb)","Yb3+PO4","Yb(PO4)","Yb(PO_4_)","Yb^3+^PO_4_","Yb P O","IMA1998-049"," ",4738,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Yb^3+ P O","Xtm-Yb","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Xiangjiangite","Xiangjiangite","Fe3+(U6+O2)4(PO4)2(S6+O4)2(OH)·22H2O","Fe3+(UO2)4(PO4)2(SO4)2(OH)·22H2O","Fe^3+^(UO_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_(OH)·22H_2_O","Fe^3+^(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(PO_4_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·22H_2_O","Fe U O P S H","IMA1982 s.p."," ",4739," ","orthorhombic",,"Fe^3+ U^6+ O P S^6+ H","Xjg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Xianhuaite-(Ce)","Xianhuaite-(Ce)","K2Ce3+Nb5+5O15","K2CeNb5O15","K_2_CeNb_5_O_15_","K_2_Ce^3+^Nb^5+^_5_O_15_","K Ce Nb O","IMA2024-091"," ",7539,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","P4/mbm","K Ce^3+ Nb^5+ O","Xhu-Ce",,"No" +"Xieite","Xieite","Fe2+Cr3+2O4","FeCr2O4","FeCr_2_O_4_","Fe^2+^Cr^3+^_2_O_4_","Fe Cr O","IMA2007-056"," ",5598,"Spinel-Post-spinel","orthorhombic","Bbmm, Cmcm","Fe^2+ Cr^3+ O","Xi","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Xiexiandeite","Xiexiandeite","SiO2","SiO2","SiO_2_","SiO_2_","Si O","IMA2025-006"," ",7573," ","monoclinic","P21/c","Si O","Xd",,"No" +"Xifengite","Xifengite","Fe5Si3","Fe5Si3","Fe_5_Si_3_","Fe_5_Si_3_","Fe Si","IMA1983-086"," ",4740,"Xifengite","hexagonal","P63/mcm","Fe Si","Xif","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Xilingolite","Xilingolite","Pb2+3Bi3+2S2-6","Pb3Bi2S6","Pb_3_Bi_2_S_6_","Pb^2+^_3_Bi^3+^_2_S^2-^_6_","Pb Bi S","IMA1982-024"," ",4741,"Lillianite","monoclinic","C2/m","Pb^2+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Xil","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Ximengite","Ximengite","Bi3+PO4","Bi(PO4)","Bi(PO_4_)","Bi^3+^PO_4_","Bi P O","IMA1985-004"," ",4742,"Rhabdophane","hexagonal","P3121","Bi^3+ P O","Xim","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Xingzhongite","Xingzhongite","Pb2+Ir3+2S2-4","Pb2+Ir3+2S4","Pb^2+^Ir^3+^_2_S_4_","Pb^2+^Ir^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Pb Ir S","IMA1980 s.p."," ",4743,"Spinel","cubic",,"Pb^2+ Ir^3+ S^2-","Xin","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Xitieshanite","Xitieshanite","Fe3+S6+O4Cl·6H2O","Fe3+(SO4)Cl·6H2O","Fe^3+^(SO_4_)Cl·6H_2_O","Fe^3+^S^6+^O_4_Cl·6H_2_O","Fe S O Cl H","IMA1982-044"," ",4744," ","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Fe^3+ S^6+ O Cl H","Xit","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Xocolatlite","Xocolatlite","Ca2Mn4+2Te6+2O12·H2O","Ca2Mn4+2Te6+2O12·H2O","Ca_2_Mn^4+^_2_Te^6+^_2_O_12_·H_2_O","Ca_2_Mn^4+^_2_Te^6+^_2_O_12_·H_2_O","Ca Mn Te O H","IMA2007-020"," ",5623," ","monoclinic",,"Ca Mn^4+ Te^6+ O H","Xoc","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Xocomecatlite","Xocomecatlite","Cu2+3Te6+O4(OH)4","Cu3(Te6+O4)(OH)4","Cu_3_(Te^6+^O_4_)(OH)_4_","Cu^2+^_3_Te^6+^O_4_(OH)_4_","Cu Te O H","IMA1974-048"," ",4745," ",,,"Cu^2+ Te^6+ O H","Xco","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Xonotlite","Xonotlite","Ca6Si6O17(OH)2","Ca6Si6O17(OH)2","Ca_6_Si_6_O_17_(OH)_2_","Ca_6_Si_6_O_17_(OH)_2_","Ca Si O H"," "," ",4746," ","triclinic, monoclinic","P1, A2/a, P2/a, A1","Ca Si O H","Xon","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Xuite","Xuite","Ca3Fe3+2[AlO3(OH)]3","Ca3Fe2[AlO3(OH)]3","Ca_3_Fe_2_[AlO_3_(OH)]_3_","Ca_3_Fe^3+^_2_[AlO_3_(OH)]_3_","Ca Fe Al O H","IMA2018-135a"," ",7081,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d, Ia3d","Ca Fe^3+ Al O H","Xu","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals","No" +"Xuwenyuanite","Xuwenyuanite","Ag1+9Fe3+Te2-2S2-4","Ag9Fe3+Te2S4","Ag_9_Fe^3+^Te_2_S_4_","Ag^1+^_9_Fe^3+^Te^2-^_2_S^2-^_4_","Ag Fe Te S","IMA2021-080"," ",7186," ","cubic","F43m","Ag^1+ Fe^3+ Te^2- S^2-","Xuw","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Yafsoanite","Yafsoanite","Ca3Te6+2Zn2+3O12","Ca3Te6+2(ZnO4)3","Ca_3_Te^6+^_2_(ZnO_4_)_3_","Ca_3_Te^6+^_2_Zn^2+^_3_O_12_","Ca Te Zn O","IMA1981-022"," ",4747,"Garnet","cubic","Ia3d, I4132","Ca Te^6+ Zn^2+ O","Yaf","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yagiite","Yagiite","NaMg2(AlMg2Si12)O30","NaMg2(AlMg2Si12)O30","NaMg_2_(AlMg_2_Si_12_)O_30_","NaMg_2_(AlMg_2_Si_12_)O_30_","Na Mg Al Si O","IMA1968-020"," ",4748,"Milarite","hexagonal",,"Na Mg Al Si O","Yag","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases","No" +"Yakhontovite","Yakhontovite","(Ca,Na,K)0.2(Cu2+,Fe3+,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·3H2O","(Ca,Na,K)0.2(Cu,Fe,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·3H2O","(Ca,Na,K)_0.2_(Cu,Fe,Mg)_2_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","(Ca,Na,K)_0.2_(Cu^2+^,Fe^3+^,Mg)_2_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·3H_2_O","Ca Na K Cu Fe Mg Si O H","IMA1984-032a"," ",4749,"Smectite-vermiculite, Clay","monoclinic",,"Ca Na K Cu^2+ Fe^3+ Mg Si O H","Ykh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yakovenchukite-(Y)","Yakovenchukite-(Y)","K3NaCaY2Si12O30·4H2O","K3NaCaY2Si12O30·4H2O","K_3_NaCaY_2_Si_12_O_30_·4H_2_O","K_3_NaCaY_2_Si_12_O_30_·4H_2_O","K Na Ca Y Si O H","IMA2006-002"," ",5552," ","orthorhombic","Pcca","K Na Ca Y Si O H","Yak-Y","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yakubovichite","Yakubovichite","CaNi2+2Fe3+(PO4)3","CaNi2Fe3+(PO4)3","CaNi_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_","CaNi^2+^_2_Fe^3+^(PO_4_)_3_","Ca Ni Fe P O","IMA2020-094"," ",7109,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Imma","Ca Ni^2+ Fe^3+ P O","Ybv","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Yamhamelachite","Yamhamelachite","KCr3+P2O7","KCrP2O7","KCrP_2_O_7_","KCr^3+^P_2_O_7_","K Cr P O","IMA2023-103"," ",7451," ","monoclinic","P21/c","K Cr^3+ P O","Ymm",,"No" +"Yancowinnaite","Yancowinnaite","Pb2+Cu2+Al(As5+O4)2OH·H2O","PbCuAl(AsO4)2OH·H2O","PbCuAl(AsO_4_)_2_OH·H_2_O","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^Al(As^5+^O_4_)_2_OH·H_2_O","Pb Cu Al As O H","IMA2010-030"," ",5857,"Natrochalcite-Helmutwinklerite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ Al As^5+ O H","Ycw","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yangite","Yangite","Pb2+Mn2+Si3O8·H2O","PbMnSi3O8·H2O","PbMnSi_3_O_8_·H_2_O","Pb^2+^Mn^2+^Si_3_O_8_·H_2_O","Pb Mn Si O H","IMA2012-052"," ",6108,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Mn^2+ Si O H","Ygi","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yangzhumingite","Yangzhumingite","KMg2.5Si4O10F2","KMg2.5Si4O10F2","KMg_2.5_Si_4_O_10_F_2_","KMg_2.5_Si_4_O_10_F_2_","K Mg Si O F","IMA2009-017"," ",5746,"Mica","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mg Si O F","Yzh","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Yanomamite","Yanomamite","In3+As5+O4·2H2O","In(AsO4)·2H2O","In(AsO_4_)·2H_2_O","In^3+^As^5+^O_4_·2H_2_O","In As O H","IMA1990-052"," ",4750," ","orthorhombic","Pbca","In^3+ As^5+ O H","Yan","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yarlongite","Yarlongite","Cr4Fe4NiC4","(Cr4Fe4Ni)C4","(Cr_4_Fe_4_Ni)C_4_","Cr_4_Fe_4_NiC_4_","Cr Fe Ni C","IMA2007-035"," ",5635," ","hexagonal","P63mc, P63/m","Cr Fe Ni C","Ylg","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Yaroshevskite","Yaroshevskite","Cu2+9O2(V5+O4)4Cl2","Cu9O2(VO4)4Cl2","Cu_9_O_2_(VO_4_)_4_Cl_2_","Cu^2+^_9_O_2_(V^5+^O_4_)_4_Cl_2_","Cu O V Cl","IMA2012-003"," ",6060,"Not in a structural group","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ O V^5+ Cl","Yro","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Yaroslavite","Yaroslavite","Ca3Al2F10(OH)2·H2O","Ca3Al2F10(OH)2·H2O","Ca_3_Al_2_F_10_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca_3_Al_2_F_10_(OH)_2_·H_2_O","Ca Al F O H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",4751," ","orthorhombic",,"Ca Al F O H","Ysl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yarrowite","Yarrowite","Cu9S8","Cu9S8","Cu_9_S_8_","Cu_9_S_8_","Cu S","IMA1978-022"," ",4752," ","hexagonal",,"Cu S","Yar","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, PM15 - Black smokers, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Yarzhemskiite","Yarzhemskiite","K[B5O7(OH)2]·H2O","K[B5O7(OH)2]·H2O","K[B_5_O_7_(OH)_2_]·H_2_O","K[B_5_O_7_(OH)_2_]·H_2_O","K B O H","IMA2018-019"," ",6764,"Larderellite","monoclinic","P21/c","K B O H","Yzm","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Yavapaiite","Yavapaiite","KFe3+(S6+O4)2","KFe3+(SO4)2","KFe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_","KFe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","K Fe S O","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4753," ","monoclinic","C2/m","K Fe^3+ S^6+ O","Yav","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Yazganite","Yazganite","☐NaMgFe3+2(As5+O4)3·H2O","☐NaMgFe3+2(AsO4)3·H2O","[box]NaMgFe^3+^_2_(AsO_4_)_3_·H_2_O","[box]NaMgFe^3+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_·H_2_O","Na Mg Fe As O H","IMA2003-033"," ",4902,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Mg Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Yaz","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Yeatmanite","Yeatmanite","Zn2+6Mn2+9Sb5+2O12(SiO4)4","Zn6Mn2+9Sb5+2O12(SiO4)4","Zn_6_Mn^2+^_9_Sb^5+^_2_O_12_(SiO_4_)_4_","Zn^2+^_6_Mn^2+^_9_Sb^5+^_2_O_12_(SiO_4_)_4_","Zn Mn Sb O Si"," "," ",4754,"Katoptrite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ Mn^2+ Sb^5+ O Si","Ytm","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Yecoraite","Yecoraite","Fe3+3Bi3+5O9(Te4+O3)(Te6+O4)2·9H2O","Fe3+3Bi5O9(Te4+O3)(Te6+O4)2·9H2O","Fe^3+^_3_Bi_5_O_9_(Te^4+^O_3_)(Te^6+^O_4_)_2_·9H_2_O","Fe^3+^_3_Bi^3+^_5_O_9_(Te^4+^O_3_)(Te^6+^O_4_)_2_·9H_2_O","Fe Bi O Te H","IMA1983-062"," ",4755," ",,,"Fe^3+ Bi^3+ O Te^4+ Te^6+ H","Yec","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yedlinite","Yedlinite","Pb2+6Cr3+Cl6O(OH)7","Pb6Cr(Cl,OH)6(OH,O)8","Pb_6_Cr(Cl,OH)_6_(OH,O)_8_","Pb^2+^_6_Cr^3+^Cl_6_O(OH)_7_","Pb Cr Cl O H","IMA1974-001"," ",4756," ","hexagonal","R3","Pb^2+ Cr^3+ Cl O H","Yed","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Ye'elimite","Yeelimite","Ca4Al6O12S6+O4","Ca4Al6O12(SO4)","Ca_4_Al_6_O_12_(SO_4_)","Ca_4_Al_6_O_12_S^6+^O_4_","Ca Al O S","IMA1984-052"," ",4757,"Sodalite","cubic","I43m","Ca Al O S^6+","Ye","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Yegorovite","Yegorovite","Na4[Si4O8(OH)4]·7H2O","Na4[Si2O4(OH)2]2·7H2O","Na_4_[Si_2_O_4_(OH)_2_]_2_·7H_2_O","Na_4_[Si_4_O_8_(OH)_4_]·7H_2_O","Na Si O H","IMA2008-033"," ",5693,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","P21/c","Na Si O H","Yeg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Yeite","Yeite","TiSi","TiSi","TiSi","TiSi","Ti Si","IMA2022-079"," ",7299," ","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ti Si","Yei",,"No" +"Yellowcatite","Yellowcatite","KNaFe3+2(Se4+O3)2(V5+2O7)·7H2O","KNaFe3+2(Se4+O3)2(V5+2O7)·7H2O","KNaFe^3+^_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_(V^5+^_2_O_7_)·7H_2_O","KNaFe^3+^_2_(Se^4+^O_3_)_2_(V^5+^_2_O_7_)·7H_2_O","K Na Fe Se O V H","IMA2024-030"," ",7544,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P6m2","K Na Fe^3+ Se^4+ O V^5+ H","Yel",,"No" +"Yeomanite","Yeomanite","Pb2+2O(OH)Cl","Pb2O(OH)Cl","Pb_2_O(OH)Cl","Pb^2+^_2_O(OH)Cl","Pb O H Cl","IMA2013-024"," ",6146,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pnma","Pb^2+ O H Cl","Yeo","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yimengite","Yimengite","K[Ti4+3Cr3+5Fe3+2Mg2]O19","K[Ti3Cr5Fe3+2Mg2]O19","K[Ti_3_Cr_5_Fe^3+^_2_Mg_2_]O_19_","K[Ti^4+^_3_Cr^3+^_5_Fe^3+^_2_Mg_2_]O_19_","K Ti Cr Fe Mg O","IMA1982-046, IMA2020 s.p."," ",4758,"Magnetoplumbite","hexagonal","P63/mmc","K Ti^4+ Cr^3+ Fe^3+ Mg O","Yim","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Yingjiangite","Yingjiangite","K2Ca(U6+O2)7(PO4)4(OH)6·6H2O","K2Ca(UO2)7(PO4)4(OH)6·6H2O","K_2_Ca(UO_2_)_7_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","K_2_Ca(U^6+^O_2_)_7_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","K Ca U O P H","IMA1989-001"," ",4759,"Phosphuranylite","orthorhombic","C2221","K Ca U^6+ O P H","Yin","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yixunite","Yixunite","Pt3In","Pt3In","Pt_3_In","Pt_3_In","Pt In","IMA1995-042"," ",4760,"Auricupride, Perovskite","cubic","Fm3m, Pm3m","Pt In","Yix","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks","No" +"Yoderite","Yoderite","(MgAl3)(MgAl)Al2O2(SiO4)4(OH)2","(MgAl3)(MgAl)Al2O2(SiO4)4(OH)2","(MgAl_3_)(MgAl)Al_2_O_2_(SiO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","(MgAl_3_)(MgAl)Al_2_O_2_(SiO_4_)_4_(OH)_2_","Mg Al O Si H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",4761," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Mg Al O Si H","Yod","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Yofortierite","Yofortierite","Mn2+5Si8O20(OH)2·7H2O","Mn2+5Si8O20(OH)2·7H2O","Mn^2+^_5_Si_8_O_20_(OH)_2_·7H_2_O","Mn^2+^_5_Si_8_O_20_(OH)_2_·7H_2_O","Mn Si O H","IMA1974-045"," ",4762,"Palygorskite, Clay","monoclinic","C2/m","Mn^2+ Si O H","Yof","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Yoshimuraite","Yoshimuraite","Ba4Mn2+4Ti4+2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2(OH)2","Ba4Mn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2(OH)2","Ba_4_Mn^2+^_4_Ti_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_","Ba_4_Mn^2+^_4_Ti^4+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_","Ba Mn Ti Si O P H","IMA2016 s.p."," ",4763,"Seidozerite-Bafertisite","triclinic","P1","Ba Mn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O P H","Ysh","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Yoshiokaite","Yoshiokaite","Ca1-x(Al,Si)2O4","Ca1-x(Al,Si)2O4","Ca_1-x_(Al,Si)_2_O_4_","Ca_1-x_(Al,Si)_2_O_4_","Ca Al Si O","IMA1989-043"," ",4764,"Tridymite-Nepheline","hexagonal","P3","Ca Al Si O","Yos","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases","No" +"Yttriaite-(Y)","Yttriaite-(Y)","Y2O3","Y2O3","Y_2_O_3_","Y_2_O_3_","Y O","IMA2010-039"," ",5869,"Bixbyite","cubic","Ia3, I213","Y O","Yt-Y","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals","No" +"Yttrialite-(Y)","Yttrialite-(Y)","Y2Si2O7","Y2Si2O7","Y_2_Si_2_O_7_","Y_2_Si_2_O_7_","Y Si O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4765," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Y Si O","Ytt-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Yttrocolumbite-(Y)","Yttrocolumbite-(Y)","(Y,U6+,Fe2+)(Nb5+,Ta5+)O4","(Y,U,Fe2+)(Nb,Ta)O4","(Y,U,Fe^2+^)(Nb,Ta)O_4_","(Y,U^6+^,Fe^2+^)(Nb^5+^,Ta^5+^)O_4_","Y U Fe Nb Ta O","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4767,"Columbite",,,"Y U^6+ Fe^2+ Nb^5+ Ta^5+ O","Yclb-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Yttrocrasite-(Y)","Yttrocrasite-(Y)","(Y,Th4+,Ca,U6+,U4+)(Ti4+,Fe3+)2(O,OH)6","(Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)2(O,OH)6","(Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)_2_(O,OH)_6_","(Y,Th^4+^,Ca,U^6+^,U^4+^)(Ti^4+^,Fe^3+^)_2_(O,OH)_6_","Y Th Ca U Ti Fe O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4768,"Columbite","orthorhombic","Pbcn","Y Th^4+ Ca U^6+ U^4+ Ti^4+ Fe^3+ O H","Ycr-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Yttrotantalite-(Y)","Yttrotantalite-(Y)","(Y,U6+,Fe2+)(Ta5+,Nb5+)2(O,OH)4","(Y,U,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)4","(Y,U,Fe^2+^)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)_4_","(Y,U^6+^,Fe^2+^)(Ta^5+^,Nb^5+^)_2_(O,OH)_4_","Y U Fe Ta Nb O H","IMA1987 s.p., IMA2022 s.p."," ",4770,"Columbite",,,"Y U^6+ Fe^2+ Ta^5+ Nb^5+ O H","Yttl-Y","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Yttrotungstite-(Ce)","Yttrotungstite-(Ce)","Ce3+W6+2O6(OH)3","CeW2O6(OH)3","CeW_2_O_6_(OH)_3_","Ce^3+^W^6+^_2_O_6_(OH)_3_","Ce W O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4771,"Yttrotungstite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ce^3+ W^6+ O H","Ytgs-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yttrotungstite-(Nd)","Yttrotungstite-(Nd)","NdW6+2O7(OH)·H2O","NdW2O7(OH)·H2O","NdW_2_O_7_(OH)·H_2_O","NdW^6+^_2_O_7_(OH)·H_2_O","Nd W O H","IMA2023-064"," ",7408,"Yttrotungstite","monoclinic","P21/m","Nd W^6+ O H","Ytgs-Nd",,"No" +"Yttrotungstite-(Y)","Yttrotungstite-(Y)","Y(W6+,Fe3+,Si,Al,Ti4+)2(O,OH,H2O)9","Y(W,Fe,Si,Al,Ti)2(O,OH,H2O)9","Y(W,Fe,Si,Al,Ti)_2_(O,OH,H_2_O)_9_","Y(W^6+^,Fe^3+^,Si,Al,Ti^4+^)_2_(O,OH,H_2_O)_9_","Y W Fe Si Al Ti O H","IMA1987 s.p."," ",4772,"Yttrotungstite","monoclinic","P21/m","Y W^6+ Fe^3+ Si Al Ti^4+ O H","Ytgs-Y","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yuanfuliite","Yuanfuliite","Mg(Fe3+,Al)O(BO3)","Mg(Fe3+,Al)O(BO3)","Mg(Fe^3+^,Al)O(BO_3_)","Mg(Fe^3+^,Al)O(BO_3_)","Mg Fe Al O B","IMA1994-001"," ",4773,"Warwickite","orthorhombic","Pnam, Pnma","Mg Fe^3+ Al O B","Yfl","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Yuanjiangite","Yuanjiangite","AuSn","AuSn","AuSn","AuSn","Au Sn","IMA1993-028"," ",4774,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P63mc","Au Sn","Yjg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Yuchuanite-(Y)","Yuchuanite-(Y)","Y2(CO3)3·H2O","Y2(CO3)3·H2O","Y_2_(CO_3_)_3_·H_2_O","Y_2_(CO_3_)_3_·H_2_O","Y C O H","IMA2022-120"," ",7339," ","triclinic","P1","Y C O H","Ych-Y",,"No" +"Yugawaralite","Yugawaralite","Ca(Si6Al2)O16·4H2O","Ca(Si6Al2)O16·4H2O","Ca(Si_6_Al_2_)O_16_·4H_2_O","Ca(Si_6_Al_2_)O_16_·4H_2_O","Ca Si Al O H","IMA1997 s.p."," ",4775," ","monoclinic","Pc","Ca Si Al O H","Yug","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration","No" +"Yukonite","Yukonite","Ca7Fe3+15(As5+O4)9O16·25H2O","Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4·4H2O","Ca_2_Fe^3+^_3_(AsO_4_)_3_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Ca_7_Fe^3+^_15_(As^5+^O_4_)_9_O_16_·25H_2_O","Ca Fe As O H"," "," ",4776," ",,,"Ca Fe^3+ As^5+ O H","Yuk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yuksporite","Yuksporite","K4(Ca,Na)14(Sr,Ba)2(☐,Mn2+,Fe3+)(Ti4+,Nb5+)4(O,OH)4(Si6O17)2(Si2O7)3(H2O,OH)3","K4(Ca,Na)14(Sr,Ba)2(☐,Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb)4(O,OH)4(Si6O17)2(Si2O7)3(H2O,OH)3","K_4_(Ca,Na)_14_(Sr,Ba)_2_([box],Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb)_4_(O,OH)_4_(Si_6_O_17_)_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_3_(H_2_O,OH)_3_","K_4_(Ca,Na)_14_(Sr,Ba)_2_([box],Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^)(Ti^4+^,Nb^5+^)_4_(O,OH)_4_(Si_6_O_17_)_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_3_(H_2_O,OH)_3_","K Ca Na Sr Ba Mn Fe Ti Nb O H Si"," "," ",4777," ","monoclinic","P21/m","K Ca Na Sr Ba Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Nb^5+ O H Si","Yks","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Yunhaoite","Yunhaoite","K2(Mo6+O4)","K2(MoO4)","K_2_(MoO_4_)","K_2_(Mo^6+^O_4_)","K Mo O","IMA2025-040"," ",7592,"Arcanite","monoclinic","C2/m","K Mo^6+ O","Yun",,"No" +"Yurgensonite","Yurgensonite","K2Sn4+Ti4+O2(As5+O4)2","K2SnTiO2(AsO4)2","K_2_SnTiO_2_(AsO_4_)_2_","K_2_Sn^4+^Ti^4+^O_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_","K Sn Ti O As","IMA2019-059"," ",6947,"Katiarsite","orthorhombic","Pna21","K Sn^4+ Ti^4+ O As^5+","Ygs","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Yurmarinite","Yurmarinite","Na7(Fe3+,Mg,Cu2+)4(As5+O4)6","Na7(Fe3+,Mg,Cu)4(AsO4)6","Na_7_(Fe^3+^,Mg,Cu)_4_(AsO_4_)_6_","Na_7_(Fe^3+^,Mg,Cu^2+^)_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_6_","Na Fe Mg Cu As O","IMA2013-033"," ",6194,"Yurmarinite","hexagonal","R3c","Na Fe^3+ Mg Cu^2+ As^5+ O","Ymr","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Yushkinite","Yushkinite","(Mg,Al)(OH)2V3.6+S2-2","(Mg,Al)(OH)2VS2","(Mg,Al)(OH)_2_VS_2_","(Mg,Al)(OH)_2_V^3.6+^S^2-^_2_","Mg Al O H V S","IMA1983-050"," ",4778,"Valleriite",,,"Mg Al O H V S^2-","Yus","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Yusupovite","Yusupovite","Na2Zr4+(Si6O15)·3H2O","Na2Zr(Si6O15)(H2O)3","Na_2_Zr(Si_6_O_15_)(H_2_O)_3_","Na_2_Zr^4+^(Si_6_O_15_)·3H_2_O","Na Zr Si O H","IMA2014-022"," ",6329,"Elpidite","monoclinic","C2/m","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Ypv","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Yuzuxiangite","Yuzuxiangite","Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH)·3H2O","Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH)·3H2O","Sr_3_Fe^3+^(Si_2_O_6_)_2_(OH)·3H_2_O","Sr_3_Fe^3+^(Si_2_O_6_)_2_(OH)·3H_2_O","Sr Fe Si O H","IMA2020-084"," ",7099,"Ohmilite","monoclinic","P21/m","Sr Fe^3+ Si O H","Yuz","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Yvonite","Yvonite","Cu2+(As5+O3OH)·2H2O","Cu(AsO3OH)·2H2O","Cu(AsO_3_OH)·2H_2_O","Cu^2+^(As^5+^O_3_OH)·2H_2_O","Cu As O H","IMA1995-012"," ",4779," ","triclinic","P1","Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Yv","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Żabińskiite","Zabinskiite","Ca[Al0.5(Ta5+,Nb5+)0.5](SiO4)O","Ca[Al0.5(Ta,Nb)0.5)](SiO4)O","Ca[Al_0.5_(Ta,Nb)_0.5_)](SiO_4_)O","Ca[Al_0.5_(Ta^5+^,Nb^5+^)_0.5_](SiO_4_)O","Ca Al Ta Nb Si O","IMA2015-033"," ",6435,"Titanite","triclinic","A1","Ca Al Ta^5+ Nb^5+ Si O","Żbk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Zabuyelite","Zabuyelite","Li2CO3","Li2(CO3)","Li_2_(CO_3_)","Li_2_CO_3_","Li C O","IMA1985-018"," ",4780," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Li C O","Zab","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Zaccagnaite","Zaccagnaite","Zn2+4Al2(CO3)(OH)12·3H2O","Zn4Al2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O","Zn_4_Al_2_(OH)_12_(CO_3_)·3H_2_O","Zn^2+^_4_Al_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_12_·3H_2_O","Zn Al O H C","IMA1997-019"," ",4781,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P63/mmc, R3m","Zn^2+ Al C O H","Zac","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration","No" +"Zaccariniite","Zaccariniite","RhNiAs","RhNiAs","RhNiAs","RhNiAs","Rh Ni As","IMA2011-086"," ",6029," ","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Rh Ni As","Zcr","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Zadovite","Zadovite","BaCa6[(SiO4)(PO4)](PO4)2F","BaCa6[(SiO4)(PO4)](PO4)2F","BaCa_6_[(SiO_4_)(PO_4_)](PO_4_)_2_F","BaCa_6_[(SiO_4_)(PO_4_)](PO_4_)_2_F","Ba Ca Si O P F","IMA2013-031"," ",6192,"Zadovite","hexagonal","R3m","Ba Ca Si O P F","Zad","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Zagamiite","Zagamiite","CaAl2Si3.5O11","CaAl2Si3.5O11","CaAl_2_Si_3.5_O_11_","CaAl_2_Si_3.5_O_11_","Ca Al Si O","IMA2015-022a"," ",6641,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Ca Al Si O","Zag","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism","No" +"Zaherite","Zaherite","Al12(S6+O4)5(OH)26·20H2O","Al12(SO4)5(OH)26·20H2O","Al_12_(SO_4_)_5_(OH)_26_·20H_2_O","Al_12_(S^6+^O_4_)_5_(OH)_26_·20H_2_O","Al S O H","IMA1977-002"," ",4782," ","triclinic",,"Al S^6+ O H","Zah","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zaïrite","Zairite","Bi3+Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)6","BiFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)6","BiFe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Bi^3+^Fe^3+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_6_","Bi Fe P O H","IMA1975-018"," ",4783,"Alunite-crandallite","hexagonal","R3m","Bi^3+ Fe^3+ P O H","Zaï","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zakharovite","Zakharovite","Na4Mn2+5Si10O24(OH)6·6H2O","Na4Mn2+5Si10O24(OH)6·6H2O","Na_4_Mn^2+^_5_Si_10_O_24_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Na_4_Mn^2+^_5_Si_10_O_24_(OH)_6_·6H_2_O","Na Mn Si O H","IMA1981-049"," ",4785," ","hexagonal",,"Na Mn^2+ Si O H","Zak","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Zálesíite","Zalesiite","Cu2+6Ca(As5+O4)2(As5+O3OH)(OH)6·3H2O","CaCu6(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6·3H2O","CaCu_6_(AsO_4_)_2_(AsO_3_OH)(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Cu^2+^_6_Ca(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(As^5+^O_3_OH)(OH)_6_·3H_2_O","Ca Cu As O H","IMA1997-009"," ",4786,"Mixite","hexagonal","P63/m","Cu^2+ Ca As^5+ O H","Zál","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zanazziite","Zanazziite","Ca2Mg5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca2Be4Mg5(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O","Ca_2_Be_4_Mg_5_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca_2_Mg_5_Be_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·6H_2_O","Ca Be Mg P O H","IMA1986-054"," ",4787,"Roscherite","triclinic, monoclinic","C1, C2/c","Ca Mg Be P O H","Zan","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Zanelliite","Zanelliite","Pb2+Cu2+9[As5+O3.5(OH)0.5]2(As5+O4)2(OH)9(H2O)3","PbCu9[AsO3.5(OH)0.5]2(AsO4)2(OH)9(H2O)3","PbCu_9_[AsO_3.5_(OH)_0.5_]_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(OH)_9_(H_2_O)_3_","Pb^2+^Cu^2+^_9_[As^5+^O_3.5_(OH)_0.5_]_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_9_(H_2_O)_3_","Pb Cu As O H","IMA2024-061"," ",7513,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2/c","Pb^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O H","Znl",,"No" +"Zangboite","Zangboite","TiFeSi2","TiFeSi2","TiFeSi_2_","TiFeSi_2_","Ti Fe Si","IMA2007-036"," ",5636," ","orthorhombic","Pbam","Ti Fe Si","Zgb","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM29 - Lightning-generated minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Zapatalite","Zapatalite","Cu2+3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9·4H2O","Cu3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9·4H2O","Cu_3_Al_4_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_9_·4H_2_O","Cu^2+^_3_Al_4_(PO_4_)_3_(OH)_9_·4H_2_O","Cu Al P O H","IMA1971-023"," ",4788," ","tetragonal",,"Cu^2+ Al P O H","Zap","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zaratite","Zaratite","Ni2+3CO3(OH)4·4H2O","Ni3(CO3)(OH)4·4H2O","Ni_3_(CO_3_)(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Ni^2+^_3_CO_3_(OH)_4_·4H_2_O","Ni C O H"," "," ",4789,"Amorphous",,,"Ni^2+ C O H","Zar","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zavalíaite","Zavaliaite","Mn2+3☐(PO4)2","Mn2+3(PO4)2","Mn^2+^_3_(PO_4_)_2_","Mn^2+^_3_[box](PO_4_)_2_","Mn P O","IMA2011-012"," ",5942,"Olivine-Sarcopside","monoclinic","P21/c","Mn^2+ P O","Zvl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Zavaritskite","Zavaritskite","Bi3+OF","BiOF","BiOF","Bi^3+^OF","Bi O F","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4790,"Matlockite","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Bi^3+ O F","Zav","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zavyalovite","Zavyalovite","Ag1+2Te4+S2-3","Ag2TeS3","Ag_2_TeS_3_","Ag^1+^_2_Te^4+^S^2-^_3_","Ag Te S","IMA2024-096"," ",7563,"Diamond-Sphalerite","monoclinic","Cc","Ag^1+ Te^4+ S^2-","Zvv",,"No" +"Zaykovite","Zaykovite","Rh3Se4","Rh3Se4","Rh_3_Se_4_","Rh_3_Se_4_","Rh Se","IMA2019-084"," ",6996,"Kingstonite","monoclinic","C2/m","Rh Se","Zay","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Zdenĕkite","Zdenekite","NaPb2+Cu2+5(As5+O4)4Cl·5H2O","NaPbCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O","NaPbCu_5_(AsO_4_)_4_Cl·5H_2_O","NaPb^2+^Cu^2+^_5_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_Cl·5H_2_O","Na Pb Cu As O Cl H","IMA1992-037"," ",4791," ","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Pb^2+ Cu^2+ As^5+ O Cl H","Zde","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Zektzerite","Zektzerite","NaLiZr4+Si6O15","NaLiZrSi6O15","NaLiZrSi_6_O_15_","NaLiZr^4+^Si_6_O_15_","Na Li Zr Si O","IMA1976-034"," ",4792," ","orthorhombic","Cmca","Na Li Zr^4+ Si O","Zek","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks","No" +"Zellerite","Zellerite","Ca(U6+O2)(CO3)2·5H2O","Ca(UO2)(CO3)2·5H2O","Ca(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_2_·5H_2_O","Ca U O C H","IMA1965-031"," ",4793," ","orthorhombic","Pmn21","Ca U^6+ O C H","Zel","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zemannite","Zemannite","Mg0.5Zn2+Fe3+(Te4+O3)3·nH2O (3≤n≤4.5)","Mg0.5ZnFe3+(Te4+O3)3·nH2O (3≤n≤4.5)","Mg_0.5_ZnFe^3+^(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·nH_2_O (3≤n≤4.5)","Mg_0.5_Zn^2+^Fe^3+^(Te^4+^O_3_)_3_·nH_2_O (3≤n≤4.5)","Mg Zn Fe Te O H","IMA1968-009"," ",4794,"Zemannite","hexagonal","P63/m","Mg Zn^2+ Fe^3+ Te^4+ O H","Zem","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zemkorite","Zemkorite","Na2Ca(CO3)2","Na2Ca(CO3)2","Na_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_","Na_2_Ca(CO_3_)_2_","Na Ca C O","IMA1985-041"," ",4795," ","hexagonal",,"Na Ca C O","Zmk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks","No" +"Zenzénite","Zenzenite","Pb2+3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15","Pb3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15","Pb_3_Fe^3+^_4_Mn^4+^_3_O_15_","Pb^2+^_3_Fe^3+^_4_Mn^4+^_3_O_15_","Pb Fe Mn O","IMA1990-031"," ",4796," ","hexagonal","P63/mcm","Pb^2+ Fe^3+ Mn^4+ O","Zen","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Zeophyllite","Zeophyllite","Ca13Si10O28(OH)2F8·6H2O","Ca13Si10O28(OH)2F8·6H2O","Ca_13_Si_10_O_28_(OH)_2_F_8_·6H_2_O","Ca_13_Si_10_O_28_(OH)_2_F_8_·6H_2_O","Ca Si O H F"," "," ",4797," ","hexagonal","R3","Ca Si O H F","Zp","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM9 - Lava/xenolith minerals, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Zeravshanite","Zeravshanite","Na2Cs4Zr4+3Si18O45·2H2O","Na2Cs4Zr3Si18O45·2H2O","Na_2_Cs_4_Zr_3_Si_18_O_45_·2H_2_O","Na_2_Cs_4_Zr^4+^_3_Si_18_O_45_·2H_2_O","Na Cs Zr Si O H","IMA2003-034"," ",5240," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Cs Zr^4+ Si O H","Zer","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Zeunerite","Zeunerite","Cu2+(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2·12H2O","Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2·12H2O","Cu(UO_2_)_2_(AsO_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Cu^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·12H_2_O","Cu U O As H"," "," ",4798,"Autunite","tetragonal","P4/nnc, I4/mmm","Cu^2+ U^6+ O As^5+ H","Zeu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zhanghengite","Zhanghengite","CuZn","CuZn","CuZn","CuZn","Cu Zn","IMA1985-049"," ",4799,"Iron","cubic","Im3m","Cu Zn","Zhg","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM7 - Ultramafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Zhanghuifenite","Zhanghuifenite","Na3Mn2+4Mg2Al(PO4)6","Na3Mn2+4Mg2Al(PO4)6","Na_3_Mn^2+^_4_Mg_2_Al(PO_4_)_6_","Na_3_Mn^2+^_4_Mg_2_Al(PO_4_)_6_","Na Mn Mg Al P O","IMA2016-074"," ",6562,"Alluaudite-Bobfergusonite","monoclinic","P21/n","Na Mn^2+ Mg Al P O","Zhf","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Zhangpeishanite","Zhangpeishanite","BaFCl","BaFCl","BaFCl","BaFCl","Ba F Cl","IMA2006-045"," ",5567,"Matlockite","tetragonal","P4/nmm","Ba F Cl","Zph","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM54 - Coal and other mine fire minerals","No" +"Zharchikhite","Zharchikhite","Al(OH)2F","Al(OH)2F","Al(OH)_2_F","Al(OH)_2_F","Al O H F","IMA1986-059"," ",4800," ","monoclinic","P21/a, P21/c","Al O H F","Zha","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM10 - Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration","No" +"Zhemchuzhnikovite","Zhemchuzhnikovite","NaMgAl((C2)6+O4)3·9H2O","NaMgAl(C2O4)3·9H2O","NaMgAl(C_2_O_4_)_3_·9H_2_O","NaMgAl((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)_3_·9H_2_O","Na Mg Al C O H","IMA1967 s.p."," ",4801,"Stepanovite, Oxalate","hexagonal",,"Na Mg Al C O H","Zhe","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM50 - Coal and/or oil shale minerals","No" +"Zhengminghuaite","Zhengminghuaite","Cu1+6Fe2+3As3+4S2-12","Cu6Fe3As4S12","Cu_6_Fe_3_As_4_S_12_","Cu^1+^_6_Fe^2+^_3_As^3+^_4_S^2-^_12_","Cu Fe As S","IMA2022-047"," ",7267,"Nowackiite","hexagonal","R3","Cu^1+ Fe^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Zmh",,"No" +"Zhenruite","Zhenruite","(Mo6+O3)2·H2O","(MoO3)2·H2O","(MoO_3_)_2_·H_2_O","(Mo^6+^O_3_)_2_·H_2_O","Mo O H","IMA2022-050"," ",7270," ","monoclinic","P21/m","Mo^6+ O H","Zhr",,"No" +"Zheshengite","Zheshengite","Pb2+4Zn2+Zn2+2(As5+O4)2(PO4)2(OH)2","Pb4ZnZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2","Pb_4_ZnZn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb^2+^_4_Zn^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Pb Zn As O P H","IMA2022-011"," ",7235,"Dongchuanite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O P H","Zh","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zhiqinite","Zhiqinite","TiSi2","TiSi2","TiSi_2_","TiSi_2_","Ti Si","IMA2019-077"," ",6962," ","orthorhombic","Fddd","Ti Si","Zhi","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Zhonghongite","Zhonghongite","Cu1+28Cu2+(As3+,Sb3+)12S2-33","Cu29(As,Sb)12S33","Cu_29_(As,Sb)_12_S_33_","Cu^1+^_28_Cu^2+^(As^3+^,Sb^3+^)_12_S^2-^_33_","Cu As Sb S","IMA2023-046"," ",7420,"Tetrahedrite","orthorhombic","F2mm","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ As^3+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Zhh",,"No" +"Ziesite","Ziesite","Cu2+2V5+2O7","Cu2V5+2O7","Cu_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_","Cu^2+^_2_V^5+^_2_O_7_","Cu V O","IMA1979-055"," ",4803," ","monoclinic, triclinic","C2/c, P1","Cu^2+ V^5+ O","Zie","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Zigrasite","Zigrasite","MgZr4+(PO4)2·4H2O","MgZr(PO4)2·4H2O","MgZr(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","MgZr^4+^(PO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Mg Zr P O H","IMA2008-046"," ",5702,"Malhmoodite","triclinic","P1","Mg Zr^4+ P O H","Zig","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Zilbermintsite-(La)","Zilbermintsite-(La)","(CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3","(CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3","(CaLa_5_)(Fe^3+^Al_3_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]_5_O(OH)_3_","(CaLa_5_)(Fe^3+^Al_3_Fe^2+^)[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]_5_O(OH)_3_","Ca La Fe Al Si O H","IMA2023-063"," ",7407,"Radekškodaite","monoclinic","P21/m","Ca La Fe^3+ Al Fe^2+ Si O H","Zlb-La",,"No" +"Zimbabweite","Zimbabweite","Na(Pb2+,Na,K)2(Ta5+,Nb5+,Ti4+)4As3+4O18","Na(Pb,Na,K)2(Ta,Nb,Ti)4As4O18","Na(Pb,Na,K)_2_(Ta,Nb,Ti)_4_As_4_O_18_","Na(Pb^2+^,Na,K)_2_(Ta^5+^,Nb^5+^,Ti^4+^)_4_As^3+^_4_O_18_","Na Pb K Ta Nb Ti As O","IMA1984-034"," ",4804," ","orthorhombic","Ccmb","Na Pb^2+ K Ta^5+ Nb^5+ Ti^4+ As^3+ O","Zbb","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Ziminaite","Ziminaite","Fe3+V5+O4","Fe3+(VO4)","Fe^3+^(VO_4_)","Fe^3+^V^5+^O_4_","Fe V O","IMA2014-062"," ",6361,"Howardevansite","triclinic","P1","Fe^3+ V^5+ O","Zim","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Zinc","Zinc","Zn","Zn","Zn","Zn","Zn"," "," ",4805," ","hexagonal","P63/mmc","Zn","Zn","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","Yes" +"Zincalstibite","Zincalstibite","Zn2+2AlSb5+(OH)12","Zn2Al(OH)6[Sb(OH)6]","Zn_2_Al(OH)_6_[Sb(OH)_6_]","Zn^2+^_2_AlSb^5+^(OH)_12_","Zn Al O H Sb","IMA1998-033"," ",4808,"Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P3, R3","Zn^2+ Al Sb^5+ O H","Zas","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincaluminite","Zincaluminite","(Zn2+,Al)9(S6+O4)2(OH)18·nH2O","(Zn1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Zn_1-x_Al_x_)(SO_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)","(Zn^2+^,Al)_9_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)_18_·nH_2_O","Zn Al S O H"," "," ",4809,"Woodwardite",,,"Zn^2+ Al S^6+ O H","Zna","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Zincgartrellite","Zincgartrellite","Pb2+Zn2+2(As5+O4)2(H2O,OH)2","PbZn2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2","PbZn_2_(AsO_4_)_2_(H_2_O,OH)_2_","Pb^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(As^5+^O_4_)_2_(H_2_O,OH)_2_","Pb Zn As O H","IMA1998-014"," ",4810,"Natrochalcite-Helmutwinklerite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Zgtl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincite","Zincite","Zn2+O","ZnO","ZnO","Zn^2+^O","Zn O"," "," ",4811,"Wurtzite","hexagonal","P63mc","Zn^2+ O","Znc","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Zinclipscombite","Zinclipscombite","Zn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2","ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2","ZnFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Zn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_","Zn Fe P O H","IMA2006-008"," ",5364," ","tetragonal",,"Zn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Zlcb","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Zincmelanterite","Zincmelanterite","Zn2+S6+O4·7H2O","Zn(SO4)·7H2O","Zn(SO_4_)·7H_2_O","Zn^2+^S^6+^O_4_·7H_2_O","Zn S O H","IMA2007 s.p."," ",4806,"Melanterite","monoclinic",,"Zn^2+ S^6+ O H","Zmln","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincoberaunite","Zincoberaunite","Zn2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5·6H2O","ZnFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5·6H2O","ZnFe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_5_·6H_2_O","Zn^2+^Fe^3+^_5_(PO_4_)_4_(OH)_5_·6H_2_O","Zn Fe P O H","IMA2015-117"," ",6516,"Beraunite","monoclinic","C2/c","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Zbru","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincobotryogen","Zincobotryogen","Zn2+Fe3+(S6+O4)2(OH)·7H2O","ZnFe3+(SO4)2(OH)·7H2O","ZnFe^3+^(SO_4_)_2_(OH)·7H_2_O","Zn^2+^Fe^3+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(OH)·7H_2_O","Zn Fe S O H","IMA2015-107"," ",4812,"Botryogen","monoclinic","P21/n","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Zbyg","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincobradaczekite","Zincobradaczekite","NaCu2+Cu2+Zn2+2(AsO4)3","NaCuCuZn2(AsO4)3","NaCuCuZn_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","NaCu^2+^Cu^2+^Zn^2+^_2_(AsO_4_)_3_","Na Cu Zn As O","IMA2016-041"," ",6569,"Alluaudite","monoclinic","C2/c","Na Cu^2+ Zn^2+ As O","Zbdc","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Zincobriartite","Zincobriartite","(Cu1+,Cu2+)2(Zn2+,Fe2+)(Ge4+,Ga3+)S2-4","Cu2(Zn,Fe)(Ge,Ga)S4","Cu_2_(Zn,Fe)(Ge,Ga)S_4_","(Cu^1+^,Cu^2+^)_2_(Zn^2+^,Fe^2+^)(Ge^4+^,Ga^3+^)S^2-^_4_","Cu Zn Fe Ge Ga S","IMA2015-094"," ",6493,"Stannite, Diamond-Sphalerite","tetragonal","I42m","Cu^1+ Cu^2+ Zn^2+ Fe^2+ Ge^4+ Ga^3+ S^2-","Zbtt","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits","No" +"Zincochenite","Zincochenite","Pb2+4Zn2+(OH)6(S6+O4)2","Pb4Zn(OH)6(SO4)2","Pb_4_Zn(OH)_6_(SO_4_)_2_","Pb^2+^_4_Zn^2+^(OH)_6_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_","Pb Zn O H S","IMA2022-025"," ",7252,"Chenite","triclinic","P1","Pb^2+ Zn^2+ O H S^6+","Zche","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincochromite","Zincochromite","Zn2+Cr3+2O4","ZnCr2O4","ZnCr_2_O_4_","Zn^2+^Cr^3+^_2_O_4_","Zn Cr O","IMA1986-015"," ",4813,"Spinel","cubic","Fd3m, Fd3m","Zn^2+ Cr^3+ O","Zchr","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Zincocopiapite","Zincocopiapite","Zn2+Fe3+4(S6+O4)6(OH)2·20H2O","ZnFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O","ZnFe^3+^_4_(SO_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","Zn^2+^Fe^3+^_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_6_(OH)_2_·20H_2_O","Zn Fe S O H"," "," ",4814,"Copiapite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ S^6+ O H","Zcpi","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM14 - Hot springs & geysers, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincohögbomite-2N2S","Zincohogbomite-2N2S","(Zn2+,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti4+)8O15(OH)","(Zn,Al,Fe)3(Al,Fe,Ti)8O15(OH)","(Zn,Al,Fe)_3_(Al,Fe,Ti)_8_O_15_(OH)","(Zn^2+^,Al,Fe^2+^)_3_(Al,Fe^3+^,Ti^4+^)_8_O_15_(OH)","Zn Al Fe Ti O H","IMA1994-016"," ",4815,"Hogbömite-Zincohögbomite","hexagonal","P63mc","Zn^2+ Al Fe^2+ Fe^3+ Ti^4+ O H","Zhög-2N2S","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Zincohögbomite-2N6S","Zincohogbomite-2N6S","(Zn2+,Al)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti4+,Mg)16O31(OH)","(Zn,Al)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti,Mg)16O31(OH)","(Zn,Al)_7_(Al,Fe^3+^,Ti,Mg)_16_O_31_(OH)","(Zn^2+^,Al)_7_(Al,Fe^3+^,Ti^4+^,Mg)_16_O_31_(OH)","Zn Al Fe Ti Mg O H","IMA2001 s.p."," ",5046,"Hogbömite-Zincohögbomite","hexagonal","P63mc","Zn^2+ Al Fe^3+ Ti^4+ Mg O H","Zhög-2N6S","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Zincolibethenite","Zincolibethenite","Cu2+Zn2+PO4(OH)","CuZn(PO4)(OH)","CuZn(PO_4_)(OH)","Cu^2+^Zn^2+^PO_4_(OH)","Cu Zn P O H","IMA2003-010"," ",5224,"Andalusite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ P O H","Zlib","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincolivenite","Zincolivenite","Cu2+Zn2+As5+O4(OH)","CuZn(AsO4)(OH)","CuZn(AsO_4_)(OH)","Cu^2+^Zn^2+^As^5+^O_4_(OH)","Cu Zn As O H","IMA2006-047"," ",5577,"Andalusite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Cu^2+ Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Zoli","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincomenite","Zincomenite","Zn2+Se4+O3","ZnSeO3","ZnSeO_3_","Zn^2+^Se^4+^O_3_","Zn Se O","IMA2014-014"," ",6309,"Not in a structural group","orthorhombic","Pbca","Zn^2+ Se^4+ O","Znm","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Zinconigerite-2N1S","Zinconigerite-2N1S","Zn2+Sn4+2Al12O22(OH)2","ZnSn2Al12O22(OH)2","ZnSn_2_Al_12_O_22_(OH)_2_","Zn^2+^Sn^4+^_2_Al_12_O_22_(OH)_2_","Zn Sn Al O H","IMA2018-037"," ",6779,"Hogbömite-Nigerite","hexagonal","P3m1","Zn^2+ Sn^4+ Al O H","Zng-2N1S","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Zinconigerite-6N6S","Zinconigerite-6N6S","Zn2+3Sn4+2Al16O30(OH)2","Zn3Sn2Al16O30(OH)2","Zn_3_Sn_2_Al_16_O_30_(OH)_2_","Zn^2+^_3_Sn^4+^_2_Al_16_O_30_(OH)_2_","Zn Sn Al O H","IMA2018-122a"," ",5500,"Hogbömite-Nigerite","hexagonal","R3m","Zn^2+ Sn^4+ Al O H","Zng-6N6S","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Zincorietveldite","Zincorietveldite","Zn2+(U6+O2)(S6+O4)2(H2O)5","Zn(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)5","Zn(UO_2_)(SO_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_5_","Zn^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)(S^6+^O_4_)_2_(H_2_O)_5_","Zn U O S H","IMA2022-070"," ",7292,"Svornostite","orthorhombic","Pmn21","Zn^2+ U^6+ O S^6+ H","Zrvd",,"No" +"Zincorinmanite-(Zn)","Zincorinmanite-(Zn)","Zn2+Sb5+(Fe3+2Zn2+)O7(OH)","ZnSb5+(Fe3+2Zn)O7(OH)","ZnSb^5+^(Fe^3+^_2_Zn)O_7_(OH)","Zn^2+^Sb^5+^(Fe^3+^_2_Zn^2+^)O_7_(OH)","Zn Sb Fe O H","IMA2023-107"," ",7455,"Nolanite","hexagonal","P63mc","Zn^2+ Sb^5+ Fe^3+ O H","Rnm-Zn",,"No" +"Zincospiroffite","Zincospiroffite","Zn2+2Te4+3O8","Zn2Te3O8","Zn_2_Te_3_O_8_","Zn^2+^_2_Te^4+^_3_O_8_","Zn Te O","IMA2002-047"," ",5201," ","monoclinic","C2/c","Zn^2+ Te^4+ O","Zspf","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincostaurolite","Zincostaurolite","Zn2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)","Zn2Al9Si4O23(OH)","Zn_2_Al_9_Si_4_O_23_(OH)","Zn^2+^_2_Al_9_Si_4_O_23_(OH)","Zn Al Si O H","IMA1992-036"," ",5047,"Staurolite","monoclinic","C2/m","Zn^2+ Al Si O H","Zst","Abiotic, Biotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM48 - Soil leaching zone minerals","No" +"Zincostottite","Zincostottite","Zn2+Ge(OH)6","ZnGe(OH)6","ZnGe(OH)_6_","Zn^2+^Ge(OH)_6_","Zn Ge O H","IMA2024-024"," ",7541,"Perovskite","tetragonal","P42/n","Zn^2+ Ge O H","Zsto",,"No" +"Zincostrunzite","Zincostrunzite","Zn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6.5H2O","ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·6.5H2O","ZnFe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6.5H_2_O","Zn^2+^Fe^3+^_2_(PO_4_)_2_(OH)_2_·6.5H_2_O","Zn Fe P O H","IMA2016-023"," ",6551,"Strunzite","triclinic","P1","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Zstz","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincovelesite-6N6S","Zincovelesite-6N6S","Zn2+3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti4+)8O15(OH)","Zn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH)","Zn_3_(Fe^3+^,Mn^3+^,Al,Ti)_8_O_15_(OH)","Zn^2+^_3_(Fe^3+^,Mn^3+^,Al,Ti^4+^)_8_O_15_(OH)","Zn Fe Mn Al Ti O H","IMA2017-034"," ",6671,"Hogbömite","hexagonal","P3m1","Zn^2+ Fe^3+ Mn^3+ Al Ti^4+ O H","Zcv-6N6S","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM40 - Regional metamorphism","No" +"Zincovoltaite","Zincovoltaite","K2Zn2+5Fe3+3Al(S6+O4)12·18H2O","K2Zn5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12·18H2O","K_2_Zn_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(SO_4_)_12_·18H_2_O","K_2_Zn^2+^_5_Fe^3+^_3_Al(S^6+^O_4_)_12_·18H_2_O","K Zn Fe Al S O H","IMA1985-059"," ",4816,"Voltaite","cubic","Fd3c","K Zn^2+ Fe^3+ Al S^6+ O H","Zvlt","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincowoodwardite","Zincowoodwardite","Zn2+1-xAlx(OH)2(S6+O4)x/2·nH2O (x=0.32-0.50)","(Zn1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)","(Zn_1-x_Al_x_)(SO_4_)_x/2_(OH)_2_·nH_2_O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)","Zn^2+^_1-x_Al_x_(OH)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_x/2_·nH_2_O (x=0.32-0.50)","Zn Al S O H","IMA1998-026"," ",4819,"Woodwardite, Hydrotalcite","hexagonal","P3","Zn^2+ Al O H S^6+","Zwwd","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincrosasite","Zincrosasite","(Zn2+,Cu2+)2(CO3)(OH)2","(Zn,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2","(Zn,Cu)_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","(Zn^2+^,Cu^2+^)_2_(CO_3_)(OH)_2_","Zn Cu C O H"," "," ",4820,"Malachite",,,"Zn^2+ Cu^2+ C O H","Zrss","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincroselite","Zincroselite","Ca2Zn2+(As5+O4)2·2H2O","Ca2Zn(AsO4)2·2H2O","Ca_2_Zn(AsO_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca_2_Zn^2+^(As^5+^O_4_)_2_·2H_2_O","Ca Zn As O H","IMA1985-055"," ",4821,"Roselite","monoclinic","P21/c","Ca Zn^2+ As^5+ O H","Zrsl","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zincsilite","Zincsilite","Zn2+3Si4O10(OH)2·4H2O","Zn3Si4O10(OH)2·4H2O (?)","Zn_3_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O (?)","Zn^2+^_3_Si_4_O_10_(OH)_2_·4H_2_O","Zn Si O H","IMA1962 s.p."," ",5048,"Smectite-vermiculite",,,"Zn^2+ Si O H","Zs","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zinczippeite","Zinczippeite","Zn2+(U6+O2)2(S6+O4)O2·3.5H2O","Zn(UO2)2(SO4)O2·3.5H2O","Zn(UO_2_)_2_(SO_4_)O_2_·3.5H_2_O","Zn^2+^(U^6+^O_2_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)O_2_·3.5H_2_O","Zn U O S H","IMA1971-008"," ",4807,"Zippeite","monoclinic","C2/m","Zn^2+ U^6+ O S^6+ H","Zzip","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zinkenite","Zinkenite","Pb2+9Sb3+22S2-42","Pb9Sb22S42","Pb_9_Sb_22_S_42_","Pb^2+^_9_Sb^3+^_22_S^2-^_42_","Pb Sb S"," "," ",4822,"Zinkenite","hexagonal","P63","Pb^2+ Sb^3+ S^2-","Zkn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Zinkgruvanite","Zinkgruvanite","Ba4Mn2+4Fe3+2(Si2O7)2(S6+O4)2O2(OH)2","Ba4Mn2+4Fe3+2(Si2O7)2(SO4)2O2(OH)2","Ba_4_Mn^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(SO_4_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_","Ba_4_Mn^2+^_4_Fe^3+^_2_(Si_2_O_7_)_2_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_","Ba Mn Fe Si O S H","IMA2020-031"," ",7040,"Ericssonite",,,"Ba Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Si O S^6+ H","Zgv","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Zinkosite","Zinkosite","Zn2+S6+O4","Zn(SO4)","Zn(SO_4_)","Zn^2+^S^6+^O_4_","Zn S O"," "," ",5365,"Zinkosite","orthorhombic","Pnma","Zn^2+ S^6+ O","Zin","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zippeite","Zippeite","K2[(U6+O2)4(S6+O4)2O2(OH)2](H2O)4","K2[(UO2)4(SO4)2O2(OH)2](H2O)4","K_2_[(UO_2_)_4_(SO_4_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_](H_2_O)_4_","K_2_[(U^6+^O_2_)_4_(S^6+^O_4_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_](H_2_O)_4_","K U O S H","IMA1971-029a"," ",4824,"Zippeite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","C2/c, C2, C2/m, Cmca","K U^6+ O S^6+ H","Zip","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zipserite","Zipserite","Bi5S4","Bi5S4","Bi_5_S_4_","Bi_5_S_4_","Bi S","IMA2022-075"," ",7296,"Not in a structural group","hexagonal",,"Bi S","Zps",,"No" +"Zircarsite","Zircarsite","Na18Cu2+12Zr4+O8(As5+O4)8Cl6","Na18Cu12ZrO8(AsO4)8Cl6","Na_18_Cu_12_ZrO_8_(AsO_4_)_8_Cl_6_","Na_18_Cu^2+^_12_Zr^4+^O_8_(As^5+^O_4_)_8_Cl_6_","Na Cu Zr O As Cl","IMA2024-037"," ",7552,"Arsmirandite","cubic",,"Na Cu^2+ Zr^4+ O As^5+ Cl","Zca",,"No" +"Zircon","Zircon","Zr4+SiO4","Zr(SiO4)","Zr(SiO_4_)","Zr^4+^SiO_4_","Zr Si O"," "," ",4825,"Zircon","tetragonal","I41/amd","Zr^4+ Si O","Zrn","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM5 - Primary asteroid phases, Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM8 - Mafic igneous rocks, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM19 - Granitic intrusive rocks, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM29 - Lightning-generated minerals, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM38 - Ophiolites","No" +"Zirconolite","Zirconolite","(Ca,Y)Zr4+(Ti4+,Mg,Al)2O7","(Ca,Y)Zr(Ti,Mg,Al)2O7","(Ca,Y)Zr(Ti,Mg,Al)_2_O_7_","(Ca,Y)Zr^4+^(Ti^4+^,Mg,Al)_2_O_7_","Ca Y Zr Ti Mg Al O","IMA1989 s.p."," ",4827,"Zirconolite","monoclinic, orthorhombic","C2/c, Acam","Ca Y Zr^4+ Ti^4+ Mg Al O","Zrc","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites","No" +"Zircophyllite","Zircophyllite","K2NaFe2+7Zr4+2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F","K2NaFe2+7Zr2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F","K_2_NaFe^2+^_7_Zr_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F","K_2_NaFe^2+^_7_Zr^4+^_2_(Si_4_O_12_)_2_O_2_(OH)_4_F","K Na Fe Zr Si O H F","IMA1971-047"," ",4830,"Astrophyllite-Astrophyllite",,,"K Na Fe^2+ Zr^4+ Si O H F","Zcp","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Zircosulfate","Zircosulfate","Zr4+(S6+O4)2·4H2O","Zr(SO4)2·4H2O","Zr(SO_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Zr^4+^(S^6+^O_4_)_2_·4H_2_O","Zr S O H","IMA1968 s.p."," ",4831," ","orthorhombic","Fddd","Zr^4+ S^6+ O H","Zrs","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM46 - Near-surface hydrothermal alterations","No" +"Zirkelite","Zirkelite","(Ti4+,Ca,Zr4+)O2-x","(Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x","(Ti,Ca,Zr)O_2-x_","(Ti^4+^,Ca,Zr^4+^)O_2-x_","Ti Ca Zr O","IMA1989 s.p."," ",4832,"Fluorite","monoclinic, hexagonal","C2/c, P3121","Ti^4+ Ca Zr^4+ O","Zke","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM3 - Solar nebular condensates, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM36 - Carbonatites & kimberlites, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Zirklerite","Zirklerite","(Fe2+,Mg)9Al4Cl18(OH)12·14H2O","(Fe,Mg)9Al4Cl18(OH)12·14H2O (?)","(Fe,Mg)_9_Al_4_Cl_18_(OH)_12_·14H_2_O (?)","(Fe^2+^,Mg)_9_Al_4_Cl_18_(OH)_12_·14H_2_O","Fe Mg Al Cl O H"," "," ",5366," ",,,"Fe^2+ Mg Al Cl O H","Zkl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic)","No" +"Ziroite","Ziroite","Zr4+O2","ZrO2","ZrO_2_","Zr^4+^O_2_","Zr O","IMA2022-013"," ",7241,"Not in a structural group","tetragonal","P42/nmc","Zr^4+ O","Zro","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Zirsilite-(Ce)","Zirsilite-(Ce)","(Na,☐)12(Ce3+,Na)3Ca6Mn2+3Zr4+3Nb5+Si25O73(OH)3(CO3)·H2O","(Na,☐)12(Ce,Na)3Ca6Mn3Zr3NbSi25O73(OH)3(CO3)·H2O","(Na,[box])_12_(Ce,Na)_3_Ca_6_Mn_3_Zr_3_NbSi_25_O_73_(OH)_3_(CO_3_)·H_2_O","(Na,[box])_12_(Ce^3+^,Na)_3_Ca_6_Mn^2+^_3_Zr^4+^_3_Nb^5+^Si_25_O_73_(OH)_3_(CO_3_)·H_2_O","Na Ce Ca Mn Zr Nb Si O H C","IMA2002-057"," ",4833,"Eudialyte","hexagonal","R3m","Na Ce^3+ Ca Mn^2+ Zr^4+ Nb^5+ Si O H C","Zir-Ce","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Zirsinalite","Zirsinalite","Na6CaZr4+Si6O18","Na6CaZrSi6O18","Na_6_CaZrSi_6_O_18_","Na_6_CaZr^4+^Si_6_O_18_","Na Ca Zr Si O","IMA1973-025"," ",4834,"Lovozerite-Zirsinalite–Lovozerite","hexagonal","R3c","Na Ca Zr^4+ Si O","Zsl","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Zlatogorite","Zlatogorite","CuNiSb2","CuNiSb2","CuNiSb_2_","CuNiSb_2_","Cu Ni Sb","IMA1994-014"," ",4835,"Nickeline","hexagonal","P3m1","Cu Ni Sb","Zla","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM56 - Slag and smelter minerals","No" +"Znamenskyite","Znamenskyite","Pb2+4In3+2Bi3+4S2-13","Pb4In2Bi4S13","Pb_4_In_2_Bi_4_S_13_","Pb^2+^_4_In^3+^_2_Bi^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Pb In Bi S","IMA2014-026"," ",6324," ","orthorhombic","Pbam","Pb^2+ In^3+ Bi^3+ S^2-","Zms","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 3a: Earth's earliest Hadean crust, PM11 - Volcanic fumarole minerals","No" +"Znucalite","Znucalite","Zn2+10Ca(U6+O2)(CO3)4(OH)16(H2O)5","Zn10Ca(UO2)(CO3)4(OH)16(H2O)5","Zn_10_Ca(UO_2_)(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_16_(H_2_O)_5_","Zn^2+^_10_Ca(U^6+^O_2_)(CO_3_)_4_(OH)_16_(H_2_O)_5_","Zn Ca U O C H","IMA1989-033"," ",4836," ","triclinic, orthorhombic, monoclinic","P1, P21/m","Zn^2+ Ca U^6+ O C H","Znu","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" +"Zodacite","Zodacite","Ca4Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O","Ca4Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O","Ca_4_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Ca_4_Mn^2+^Fe^3+^_4_(PO_4_)_6_(OH)_4_·12H_2_O","Ca Mn Fe P O H","IMA1987-014"," ",4837,"Calcioferrite","monoclinic",,"Ca Mn^2+ Fe^3+ P O H","Zod","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Zoharite","Zoharite","(Ba,K)6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S27","(Ba,K)6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S27","(Ba,K)_6_(Fe,Cu,Ni)_25_S_27_","(Ba,K)_6_(Fe,Cu,Ni)_25_S_27_","Ba K Fe Cu Ni S","IMA2017-049"," ",6697,"Djerfisherite","cubic","Pm3m","Ba K Fe Cu Ni S","Zoh","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Zoisite","Zoisite","Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)","Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","Ca_2_Al_3_[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","Ca_2_Al_3_(Si_2_O_7_)(SiO_4_)O(OH)","Ca Al Si O H"," "," ",4838,"Epidote","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca Al Si O H","Zo","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM31 - Contact metamorphism, Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics, PM39 - High-P metamorphism, PM40 - Regional metamorphism, PM41 - Mantle metasomatism","No" +"Zoisite-(Pb)","Zoisite-(Pb)","CaPb2+Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaPbAl3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)","CaPbAl_3_[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","CaPb^2+^Al_3_[Si_2_O_7_][SiO_4_]O(OH)","Ca Pb Al Si O H","IMA2021-025"," ",7136,"Epidote","orthorhombic","Pnma","Ca Pb^2+ Al Si O H","Zo-Pb","Abiotic; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM32 - Ba-Mn-Pb-Zn metamorphics","No" +"Zolenskyite","Zolenskyite","Fe2+Cr3+2S2-4","FeCr2S4","FeCr_2_S_4_","Fe^2+^Cr^3+^_2_S^2-^_4_","Fe Cr S","IMA2020-070"," ",7086,"Wilkmanite","monoclinic","C2/m","Fe^2+ Cr^3+ S^2-","Zsk","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 1: Primary nebular phases, PM4 - Primary chondrule phases","No" +"Zolotarevite","Zolotarevite","Na5Zr4+[Si6O15(OH)3]·3H2O","Na5Zr[Si6O15(OH)3]·3H2O","Na_5_Zr[Si_6_O_15_(OH)_3_]·3H_2_O","Na_5_Zr^4+^[Si_6_O_15_(OH)_3_]·3H_2_O","Na Zr Si O H","IMA2020-076"," ",7092,"Lovozerite","hexagonal","R3m","Na Zr^4+ Si O H","Zlo","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Zoltaiite","Zoltaiite","BaV4+2V3+12Si2O27","BaV4+2V3+12Si2O27","BaV^4+^_2_V^3+^_12_Si_2_O_27_","BaV^4+^_2_V^3+^_12_Si_2_O_27_","Ba V Si O","IMA2003-006"," ",5221," ","hexagonal","P3","Ba V^4+ V^3+ Si O","Zol","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM53 - Other minerals with taphonomic origins","No" +"Zorite","Zorite","Na6Ti4+5Si12O34(O,OH)5·11H2O","Na6Ti5Si12O34(O,OH)5·11H2O","Na_6_Ti_5_Si_12_O_34_(O,OH)_5_·11H_2_O","Na_6_Ti^4+^_5_Si_12_O_34_(O,OH)_5_·11H_2_O","Na Ti Si O H","IMA1972-011"," ",4839,"Zorite","orthorhombic","Cmmm","Na Ti^4+ Si O H","Zor","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks, Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zoubekite","Zoubekite","AgPb4Sb4S10","AgPb4Sb4S10","AgPb_4_Sb_4_S_10_","AgPb_4_Sb_4_S_10_","Ag Pb Sb S","IMA1983-032"," ",4840," ","orthorhombic",,"Ag Pb Sb S","Zou","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Zoyashlyukovaite","Zoyashlyukovaite","Mo4+C4-","MoC","MoC","Mo^4+^C^4-^","Mo C","IMA2025-026"," ",7584,"Qusongite","hexagonal","P6m2","Mo^4+ C^4-","MoC",,"No" +"Zubkovaite","Zubkovaite","Ca3Cu2+3(As5+O4)4","Ca3Cu3(AsO4)4","Ca_3_Cu_3_(AsO_4_)_4_","Ca_3_Cu^2+^_3_(As^5+^O_4_)_4_","Ca Cu As O","IMA2018-008"," ",6752,"Not in a structural group","monoclinic","C2","Ca Cu^2+ As^5+ O","Zub","Biotic; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM45 - Oxidized fumarolic minerals","No" +"Zugshunstite-(Ce)","Zugshunstite-(Ce)","Ce3+Al(S6+O4)2((C2)6+O4)·12H2O","CeAl(SO4)2(C2O4)·12H2O","CeAl(SO_4_)_2_(C_2_O_4_)·12H_2_O","Ce^3+^Al(S^6+^O_4_)_2_((C_2_)^6+^O_4_)·12H_2_O","Ce Al S O C H","IMA1996-055"," ",4841,"Oxalate","monoclinic","C2/c","Ce^3+ Al S^6+ O C H","Zug-Ce","Abiotic, Biotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM25 - Evaporites (prebiotic), Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering","No" +"Zuktamrurite","Zuktamrurite","FeP2","FeP2","FeP_2_","FeP_2_","Fe P","IMA2013-107"," ",6266,"Marcasite","orthorhombic","Pnnm","Fe P","Zuk","Biotic; Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere, PM51 - Pyrometamorphic minerals","No" +"Zunyite","Zunyite","Al13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl","Al13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl","Al_13_Si_5_O_20_(OH,F)_18_Cl","Al_13_Si_5_O_20_(OH,F)_18_Cl","Al Si O H F Cl"," "," ",4842," ","cubic","F43m","Al Si O H F Cl","Zun","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM16 - Low-T aqueous alteration, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM22 - Near-surface hydration","No" +"Zussmanite","Zussmanite","K(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+,Fe3+)13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14","K(Fe,Mg,Mn)13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14","K(Fe,Mg,Mn)_13_(Si,Al)_18_O_42_(OH)_14_","K(Fe^2+^,Mg,Mn^2+^,Fe^3+^)_13_(Si,Al)_18_O_42_(OH)_14_","K Fe Mg Mn Si Al O H","IMA1964-018"," ",4843,"Clay","hexagonal","R3","K Fe^2+ Mg Mn^2+ Fe^3+ Si Al O H","Zus","Abiotic, Secondary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM23 - Subaerial alteration, PM31 - Contact metamorphism","No" +"Zvĕstovite-(Fe)","Zvestovite-(Fe)","Ag1+6(Ag1+4Fe2+2)As3+4S2-13","Ag6(Ag4Fe2)As4S13","Ag_6_(Ag_4_Fe_2_)As_4_S_13_","Ag^1+^_6_(Ag^1+^_4_Fe^2+^_2_)As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Ag Fe As S","IMA2022-092"," ",7311,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag^1+ Fe^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Zvĕ-Fe",,"No" +"Zvĕstovite-(Zn)","Zvestovite-(Zn)","Ag1+6(Ag1+4Zn2+2)As3+4S2-13","Ag6(Ag4Zn2)As4S13","Ag_6_(Ag_4_Zn_2_)As_4_S_13_","Ag^1+^_6_(Ag^1+^_4_Zn^2+^_2_)As^3+^_4_S^2-^_13_","Ag Zn As S","IMA2020-061"," ",7075,"Tetrahedrite","cubic","I43m","Ag^1+ Zn^2+ As^3+ S^2-","Zvĕ-Zn","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits","No" +"Zvyaginite","Zvyaginite","Na☐Nb5+2NaZn2+☐Ti4+(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4","Na☐Nb2NaZn☐Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4","Na[box]Nb_2_NaZn[box]Ti(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","Na[box]Nb^5+^_2_NaZn^2+^[box]Ti^4+^(Si_2_O_7_)_2_O_2_(OH)_2_(H_2_O)_4_","Na Nb Zn Ti Si O H","IMA2013-071"," ",6232,"Seidozerite-Lamprophyllite","triclinic","P1","Na Nb^5+ Zn^2+ Ti^4+ Si O H","Zvy","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM35 - Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks","No" +"Zvyagintsevite","Zvyagintsevite","Pd3Pb","Pd3Pb","Pd_3_Pb","Pd_3_Pb","Pd Pb","IMA1966-006"," ",4844,"Auricupride, Perovskite","cubic","Pm3m","Pd Pb","Zv","Abiotic, Primary, Secondary; Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation & alteration, PM6 - Secondary asteroid phases, Stage 3b: Earth's earliest hydrosphere, PM12 - Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits, Stage 4a: Earth's earliest continental crust, PM26 - Hadean detrital minerals, PM33 - Hydrothermal metal deposits, Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM37 - Layered igneous formations","No" +"Zwieselite","Zwieselite","Fe2+2PO4F","Fe2+2(PO4)F","Fe^2+^_2_(PO_4_)F","Fe^2+^_2_PO_4_F","Fe P O F","IMA2003 s.p."," ",4845,"Triplite","monoclinic","I2/a","Fe^2+ P O F","Zwi","Abiotic, Primary; Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks, PM34 - Complex granite pegmatites","No" +"Zýkaite","Zykaite","Fe3+4(As5+O4)3S6+O4(OH)·15H2O","Fe3+4(AsO4)3(SO4)(OH)·15H2O","Fe^3+^_4_(AsO_4_)_3_(SO_4_)(OH)·15H_2_O","Fe^3+^_4_(As^5+^O_4_)_3_S^6+^O_4_(OH)·15H_2_O","Fe As O S H","IMA1976-039"," ",4846," ","orthorhombic",,"Fe^3+ As^5+ O S^6+ H","Zýk","Biotic, Secondary; Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event, PM47 - Low-T subaerial oxidative hydration/weathering, Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals, PM55 - Anthropogenic mine minerals","No" diff --git a/minerals.ods b/minerals.ods new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b94e892 Binary files /dev/null and b/minerals.ods differ